THE FINAL COUNTDOWN!

Form 1 The Vernier caliper shows a reading of..

Chapter 1: Intro to Scientific Investigation
A. 3.07cm C. 3.70cm
Mnemonics Prefix Value B. 3.50cm D. 3.97cm
The Tera 1012
Great Giga 109
Mighty Mega 106
King Kilo 103 Remember!
 Micrometer screw gauge: for thickness/ diameter of small objects
Died Deci 10-1
 Vernier calipers: measure short lengths, internal/ external
Cannot Centi 10-2
diameters, depth of objects
Make Milli 10-3
 SI units
Money Micro 10-6
 Science apparatus & functions
Nomore Nano 10-9

\ Which is larger: 360kV or 3.6MV?

Which of the following has the same value as 2.3m?

A. 0.0023
B. 0.000023 Figure (a) shows the zero error of the Vernier caliper and Figure (b) shows
C. 0.0000023 the Vernier caliper when measuring an object. Find the correct
D. 0.00000023 measurement. Answer: ____________________________

Chapter 2: Cell as the Basic Unit of Life

Compare & contrast plant and animal cells.

What is the reading of the micrometer screw gauge..

(a) if there is no zero error: ___________________

(b) if the zero error is -0.03mm: _______________
(c) if the zero error is +0.03mm: _______________
Some important organisms.. Chapter 3: Coordination & Response

Sally suffers third-degree burns. Explain the impact of this to the

homeostasis of Sally & her life.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Specialised cells
Remember!
Hot weather Cold weather
Human Plants
Blood vessel
Epithelial cells Epidermal cells
Sweat
Nerve cells Palisade cells
Hair
Red & white blood cells Root hair cells
Muscle
Muscle cells Guard cells
Metabolism
Reproductive cells
Homeostasis in animals
Iodine test on leaf
Dog: ________________ Cat: ___________________
Leaf immersed in boiling water
Snails: __________________ Reptiles: _______________
Leaf transferred into a test tube with ethanol, heated in water bath
Homeostasis in plants
Leaf dipped in hot water
What is a stoma? __________________________________________
Put few drops of iodine solution  Turns blue-black Function of transpiration: 1) _________________________________
2) _________________________________
Remember!
 Difference of variegated & non-variegated leaves
 Expt with CO2, keep plants in a dark place to Chapter 4: Reproduction
remove starch Recall the reproduction methods of the following
 Chemical formula of photosynthesis organisms:
 Compare & contrast respiration & photosynthesis Planaria Hydra
Paramecium Mushrooms
Begonia Potato
Sweet potato Onions
Ginger Grass

Remember!
 Compare & contrast sexual & asexual reproduction
 Compare & contrast sperm & ovum
 Importance of reproduction
Reproductive system
Testes hang outside the male’s body. Why?
Infertility Treatment vs Contraceptive Methods
Infertility treatments: hormone, surgery, IVF
Contraceptive methods: temporary vs permanent methods
Plant Reproduction
Anther  Stigma 
Pollen tube  Ovary  Ovule

Pathway of sperm to the ovum:

Testis  Sperm duct  Urethra  Penis  Vagina  Cervix 

Fallopian tube  Ovum

Menstrual cycle
Wind-Pollinated vs Insect-pollinated flowers
Day 1-5 :Menstruation
Day 6-10 :Repair
Day 11-18 :Fertile
Day 19-28 :Premenstrual  Pollen
 Length of filament
How long is the menstrual cycle? __________  Stigma
 Flower petals
If Sarah begins menstruation on 11th April,
(a) When is her next ovulation day? _________
(b) When will her next menstruation cycle be? _________ Check their functions! Ovum, ovule, micropyle, radicle, plumule,
testa, hilum, cotyledon
Placenta Remember! Self-pollination vs cross-pollination
1) prevents blood of mother & foetus from mixing
2) allows nutrients, oxygen & antibodies to pass through from the Germination of seeds
mother to the foetus Absorb water (micropyle)  Testa soften then bursts  Radicle grows
3) allows waste products to pass from the foetus to the mother downwards (roots)  Plumule grows upwards (shoots)  Cotyledon
shrinks  Begin photosynthesis
Umbilical cord: Tube connecting foetus to placenta, contains blood
Epigeal (above): mung bean, gourd, sunflower
vessels to transport substances
Hypogeal (below): corn, peas, wheat
Amniotic fluid: Acts as cushion to support and protect foetus from
shock
Chapter 5: Matter Chapter 7: Air

Diffusion: movement of Types of fire extinguisher

particles, high  low
concentration Source of Water Foam CO2 Dry powder
fire
Fastest in gas > liq > solid Solids  
Flammable   
liquids
Why does the temperature remain Flammable 
constant at BC and DE? gas
Electrical  
equipment
Metals 
What is the state of matter at:
A? C? Acid Rain
BC? DE?
Two gases that cause acid rain: ________________ & ________________
Chapter 6: Periodic Table Think of the adverse effects of acid rain
1)
Some of the separation methods.. 2)

Chapter 8: Light & Optics

Reflection of light

What other methods can you think of?

Remember!
 Elements, compounds & mixtures
 Types of mixtures & methods of separation
 Compare & contrast chemical & physical change
Refraction of light
Chapter 9: Earth
Light ray moves in
mediums of different densities Atmospheric stratification (layers)

Object appears bent/ Mnemonics Stratification What are there?

Pool appears shallow/ The
Fish appears at the surface Silly
Monkey
Talks
Dispersion of light Endlessly
1 prism: seven colours
2 prisms upside down: white light Types of rocks

Red light travels at the _______ speed, so

it bends the _______.
Violet light travels at the _______ speed,
so it bends the _______.

Formation of rainbows
Water droplet, prism, refracted & dispersed

Scattering of light
Deflection of coloured lights in all directions by fine particles in air

Blue sky: Sunlight travels a short distance through atmosphere, blue light
with short wavelength scattered in all direction by fine particles Exogenic vs Endogenic
Reddish sunset: Sunlight travels a long distance through atmosphere, red &
orange light with longer wavelengths scattered the least & reach the Earth 1. Differentiate endogenic & exogenic process
without hindrance 2. State 3 weathering agents

Addition & subtraction of colours

Geohazards & Earth Resources

Remember!
Types of geohazards, use of satellite & remote sensing, effects of
geohazards to individuals, infrastructures & the country.

Types of water – surface, underground & aquifer.

Formation of coal Form 2
Chapter 1: Biodiversity
Plants died, buried Internal fertilization: reptiles,
under layers sediments Animals birds, mammals

High pressure and heat External fertilization: fish, birds

Vertebrates Invertebrates
Poikilothermic (cold-blooded):
Slowly turned into coal fish, reptiles, amphibians
with legs without legs
Formation of petroleum & natural gas Homeothermic (warm-blooded):
segmented birds, mammals
3 pairs
body

more than 3 non-

pairs segmented

Plants

Dead sea creatures buried on the seabed

Flowering Non-flowering

Bacteria decompose the creatures partially (lack of oxygen)

Without
Monocotyledon With vascular
vascular
Layers of sediments formed under high heat & pressire

Turned into natural gas and petroleum trapped in between impermeable Dicotyledon moss fern

layers of rocks
conifer
Chapter 2: Ecosystem Keywords to help you recall important facts on digestion

Types of interactions: Saliva Bolus Pancreas

1. Prey-predator Amylase Peristalsis Pancreatic What is the function of enzyme?
2. Competition juice
3. Mutualism, commensalism & parasitism Protease Gall Liver
bladder
Lipase Bile Reabsorption

Mouth  Oesophagus  Stomach  Duodenum  Small intestine 

Large intestine  Rectum

Assimilation: Process to distribute the end products of digestion to the

Lichen – Algae/ Fungus Legumes – Rhizobium bacteria body cells.
Remember!
Structure of villi and its functions

A person with intestinal cancer had an operation to remove part of his ileum.
Explain whether this condition will affect his digestion process.

Loranthus – Tree

Remember! Chapter 4: Human Health

Biological control, how it works & its advantages
Pathogens : Microorganisms that can cause disease to human body
Why are owls more suitable to be used to control mice population in an Vectors : Animals that transfer pathogens
oil plantation compared to snakes? Vaccine : Dead or weakened pathogens
Antigens : Impurities found on microorganisms & stimulate
Chapter 3: Nutrition production of antibodies
Antibodies : Proteins produced by the body to fight attack of antigens
Starch : Iodine (Dark blue) Antiserum : Blood serum containing antibodies against specific
Protein : Millon’s test (Brick-red precipitate, after heating) antigens
Glucose: Benedict’s test (Brick-red precipitate, after heating)
Fats : Emulsion with alcohol

What is a balanced diet? Remember!

____________________________________________________ Diseases & their vectors
____________________________________________________ Zika, Leptospirosis, Dengue, Malaria, Typhoid,
Cholera
Body Defence System Chapter 5: Water

Solubility : Max quantity of solution (g) that can dissolve in 100ml

Body defence of solvent at specific temperature
system
: Dependent on temperature of solvent, size of solute &
Rate of stirring
First line Second line Third line

Colloid : Mixture of 2 or more solutes, evenly dispersed in solvent

Skin Mucous
White blood Immune : Jelly, hair cream, coconut milk
cells system

sweat &
Water Purification System
Phagocytosis Antibodies
sebum
Reservoir  Filtration  Oxidation  Coagulation (alum & slaked lime)
Natural active immunity Artificial active immunity  Sedimentation  Chlorination  Fluoridation

Chapter 6: Acid & Alkali

Vaccine - Measles, BCG

Chicken pox, small pox
Natural passive immunity Artifical passive immunity

pH Indicators
1) Universal indicator (red/yellow acid, blue/purple alkali, green
neutral)
2) Methyl orange (orange neutral, yellow alkali, red acid)
Mother’s milk Antiserum – snake bites, rabies 3) Phenolphtalein (colourless acid/ neutral, pink alkali)
 Neutralisation

Method: Titration

Chemical equation:

Lightning conductor enables electrons to flow to the Earth without damaging

Example in daily life: buildings when lightning strikes.
1) 3)
Series vs Parallel Circuit
2) 4)

Chapter 7: Energy

Electrostatic

Produced through friction

Electrons are transferred from one object to

another when two objects are rubbed. Magnetism

Magnetic field lines: draw from N to S (N out, S in)

The closer the magnetic field lines, the stronger the magnetic field.
Electroscope to detect electric charges. Van de Graff to produce
electrostatic charges. Right-hand grip rule
Chapter 8: Force & Motion Chapter 10: Sound Waves

Application of buoyancy, pressure, air pressure in daily life Depth of the sea
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑠
2 x Distance =
 High heels, football boots, skating boots 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒
 Ships & Plimsoll line (river water, sea water)
 Plunger, Magdeburg hemispheres, pesticide spray

Pitch the higher the frequency, the higher the pitch of a sound
Using the concept of pressure, explain the body structure of a submarine. Loudness the bigger the amplitude, the louder the sound

Doppler Effect

Chapter 9: Heat

Sea breeze vs land breeze

Chapter 11: Stars & Galaxies in the Universe

Remember!
Types & shapes of galaxies, Birth & life cycle of stars, Colours of stars

Chapter 12: Solar System

Why is the freezer located at the top of the refrigerator? Astronomical unit 1 A.U = 1.5 x 108 km
Light year 1 l.y = 9.5 x 1012 km

Venus : surface temperature is really high due to high content of CO2

Jupiter : largest planet, has gravitational pull force that protects the Earth
Arrange the metals in
ascending order of expansion.
What would happen if the Earth’s rotation slows down or completely stops?