MODULE 4: SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES

LESSON 1: System of Linear Equations and their Graph

A SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS is a set of two or more linear equations

that have variables in common. A pair of equations of the form
a1 x+ b1 y =c 1 (a1, b 1, not both0)
a2 x+ b2 y=c 2 (a2, b 2 not both0)
is called a system of linear equations in two variables

The solution of a system of equations is an ordered pair that

satisfies all equations in the system true.

Checking Solutions to a System of Linear Equations

To verify or check solutions to a system of linear
equations:
I. replace each variable in each equation with its
corresponding value and 2. verify if each equation is
true.
3. If their slopes are equal and with different y-intercepts,
then the system is inconsistent and has no solution.
CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEM BY THE NUMBER OF
or
SOLUTIONS
Any system of linear equations in standard form
CONSISTENT- a system of linear equations that has at least
one solution a1 x+ b1 y =c 1 (a1, b 1, not both 0)
INCONSISTENT- a system of linear equation that does not a2 x+ b2 y=c 2 a2, b 2 not both
0) has
have a solution ¿
DEPENDENT- a system of linear equation that has an infinite a1 b 1
1. A single solution when ≠ ,
number of solutions a2 b 2
INDEPENDENT- a system of linear equation that has exactly 2. An infinite number of solutions when
one solution. a 1 b 1 c1
= = , and
a2 b 2 c 2
CLASSIFYING SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS
a1 b1 c 1
To classify a system of linear equations, write the 3. No solutions when = ≠ .
equations in slope-intercept form and compare their slopes a2 b 2 c 2
and y-intercepts.
1. If their slopes are different, then the system is SOLVING LINEAR SYSTEMS GRAPHICALLY
consistent with independent equations and has a single To solve a system of linear equation graphically, follow the steps below.
solution. 1. Graph each equation
2. If their slopes are equal and the y-intercepts are also If the lines intersect at a single point, then the
equal, then the system is consistent with dependent coordinates of that point form a solution. (A consistent
equations and has an infinite number of solutions. system with independent equations)
 If the lines are parallel, then there is no solution.

If the lines are identical, then there is an infinite

number of solutions. (a consistent system with
dependent equations) Equation (1) y = 1/2x – 2
2. Check the solution in both equations. Step 2: Now Graph Equation (2) on the same graph with Equation
(1), as shown on the graph below.

Equation (1) y = 1/2 x - 2

Equation (2) y = - 2x + 3
Step 3: The solution is the intersection of the two graphs is (2,-1).

The Method of Substitution:

The method of substitution requires five steps, consider the
following two equations:
Equation (1) -7x - 2y = -10
Equation (2) 6x + y = 15

Step 1: Now solve for y in one of the two equations. We will choose
equation (2) because it is the easiest equation to solve for y. We now
have:
y = 15 - 6x

Step 2: Substitute this value of y into equation (1).

Equation (1) -7x - 2y = -10 now becomes
New Equation (1) -7x - 2(15 - 6x) = -10
The Graphing Method :
Step 3: Solve for x in the New Equation (1).
The graphing method requires three steps, consider the following
two equations:
-7x - 2(15 - 6x) = -10
Equation (1) y = 1/2 x - 2
-7x - 30 +12x = -10
Equation (2) y = - 2x + 3
5x - 30 = -10
In a two variable problem you will graph each equation and note the point
5x = 20
of intersection
x=4
Step 1: Graph Equation (1), as shown on the graph below.
Step 4: Substitute the value of x = 4 into the original Equation (1).
 Equation (1) x - 2y = 15 now becomes
Equation (1) -7x - 2y = -10 now becomes x - 2(- 4) = 15 and solve for x.
-7(4) - 2y = -10 and solve for y. x + 8 = 15
-28 - 2y = -10 x=7
-2y = 18 Step 4: Check your answers by substituting the x and y values in
y=-9 each of the original equations. The left and right side of each equation
Step 5: Check your answers by substituting the x and y values in should be equal.
each of the original equations. The left and right side of each equation Equation (1) x - 2y = 15 checking x = 7 and y = - 4
should be equal. 7 - 2(- 4) = 15
Equation (1) -7x - 2y = -10 checking x = 4 and y = - 9 7 + 8 = 15
-7(4) - 2(- 9) = -10 15 = 15
-28 + 18 = -10 Equation (2) 2x + 3y = 2 checking x = 7 and y = - 4
-10 = -10 2(7) + 3(- 4) = 2
Equation (2) 6x + y = 15 checking x = 4 and y = - 9 14 - 12 = 2
6(4) + (- 9) = 15 2=2
24 - 9 = 15 WORKSHEET 1: Tell whether the given linear system has one solution, no
15 = 15 solution or infinitely many solutions.
The Method of Elimination : 1. y = −3x + 4 6. 4x + 2y = 10
The method of elimination requires four steps, consider the y = 3x – 2 x − y = 13
following two equations:
Equation (1) x - 2y = 15 2. y = x + 2 7. y = −5
Equation (2) 2x + 3y = 2 x = −3 5x + 4y = −20

In a two variable problem you will rewrite the equations so when 3. x − y = 3 ` 8. x + 7y = 0

they are added together one of the variables will be eliminated, and solve 7x − y = −3 2x − 8y = 22
for the remaining variable.
Step 1: Change Equation (1) by multiplying by -2 to obtain a new and 4. 4x + y = 2 9. 6x + 8y = −22
equivalent Equation (1). x−y=3 y = −5
Equation (1) x - 2y = 15 multiply both sides by -2
New Equation (1) -2x + 4y = -30 5. y = 4x − 9 10. −7x + 2y = 18
y=x–3 6x + 6y = 0
Step 2: Add New Equation (1) to Equation (2) to obtain Equation (3).

New Equation (1) -2x + 4y = -30 WORKSHEET 2: Graph each systems of linear equation and give its unique
Equation (2) 2x + 3y = 2 solution. Note: use different color of pens in drawing your graph in each
Equation (3) 7y = -28 now we solve for x. system. USE GRAPHING PAPER.
Ex. For n0. 1. Equation 1- red and equation 2 – blue.
y=-4
Step 3: Substitute the value of y = - 4 into the original Equation (1). 1. y = - 2x + 2 6. 5x + 2y = -4
 1
y= x–5 -x + 2y = 8
3

2. 3x + 2y = 8 7. y = - 3x – 3
5x + 2y = -8 y = -3

1
3. -6x + 4y = -12 8. y = - x+1
3
y = -3 x = -3

2
4. 2x + y = -4 9. y = - x–2
3
8
x=1 y=- x+4
3

5. y = - 3x – 3 10. 2x + 4y = 0
y = 4x + 4 y = -8x

WORKSHEET 3 : Solve it in a 1 whole sheet of pad paper.

Solving Systems of Equations Using Any Method
5 2
1. y = x-4 6. y = - x-2
2 3
8
y=-x+3 y=- x+4
3
5
2. 10x + 7y = 1 7. y = x-1
3
-5x - 7y = 24 y = -6
7
3. y = x-3 8. 2x + 4y = 0
4
y=4 y = -8x
4. 6x - 5y = 22 9. 2x + y = 3
y = -8 -3x + 2y = -8
3
5. y = x+3 10. -2x + y = 10
2
y = -3 4x - y = -14