Structure of Matter

Exercise 1.

1) Carbon dioxide has the formula CO2. Explain what this means?
2) Study the names and formulae of the following substances:
a) Nitrogen, N2,
b) Phosphorus, P4,
c) Sulphur dioxide, SO2,
d) Ethanol, C2H5OH,
e) Glucose, C6H12O6.

State the number of atoms and name the kinds of atoms shown by each formula.

3) Study the following list of substances:

tin, sulphur, neon, mercury, water, silicon iron, helium
From the list, name
a) the metals
b) the noble gases
c) a metalloid
d) the substance that is not an element
e) the element with the symbol Sn.

4) Oxygen is an element. At room temperature, it is a gas.

a) Is oxygen a metal or non-metal?
b) Does oxygen consist of atoms or molecules?
c) The formula of oxygen is O2. What does this formula indicate?
d) If represents a molecule of oxygen, draw particles in the gas jar to represent the
particles in the oxygen gas.

5) How many hydrogen atoms are present in one molecule or formula unit of each of the
following compounds?
a) Ammonia, NH3 f) Ammonium Sulphate, (NH 4)2SO4
b) Nitric Acid, HNO3
c) Hydrated Copper (II) Sulphate, CuSO4.5H2O
d) Calcium Chloride, CaCl2
e) Urea, CO(NH2)2
6) Copy and complete the table below. The first row has been done for you.

Atoms Proton No. Nucleon No. No. of protons No. of neutrons No .of electrons

Helium 2 4 2 2 2

Oxygen 8 16

Potassium 39 19

Iodine 53 74

7) Draw the atomic structure of the element of chlorine, Cl, and Argon, Ar.
8) Look at the Periodic Table and locate the element listed below.

1
 Structure of Matter

radium (proton no. 88), polonium (proton no. 84), antimony (proton no. 51)
a) What are the chemical symbols for these elements?
b) In which groups of the Periodic Table are the elements?
c) Which of the elements are metals, non-metals and metalloids?
d) How many valence electrons do atoms of each element have?