INGAT DUA CIRI SEPUNYA

TINGKATAN 4
Menari, membaca, menulis,
Tindakan 1. Dikawal oleh serebrum
terkawal 2. Tindakan yang disedari memasak

Denyutan jantung, peristalsis,

Tindakan luar 1. Dikawal oleh medulla oblongata
kawal 2. Tindakan yang tidak disedari pengaliran darah, penghadaman

Batuk, bersin, sentakan lutut,

1. Dikawal oleh saraf tunjang
Tindakan refleks kaki teralih apabila terpijak paku
2. Berlaku secara automatik
1. Kelenjar tanpa duktus Pituitary, tiroid, adrenal,
Kelenjar
2. Kelenjar yang merembeskan pankreas, testis, ovari
endokrin
hormon
Sel kuku, sel pipi, sel rambut, sel
1. Menghasilkan 2 sel anak
Mitosis kulit
2. Berlaku dalam sel soma
Sperma, ovum
1. Menghasilkan 4 sel anak
Meiosis
2. Berlaku dalam sel gamet
1. 1 ovum disenyawakan oleh 1
Kembar seiras sperma
2. Maklumat genetik sama
1. 2 ovum disenyawakan oleh 2
Kembar tak
sperma
seiras
2. Maklumat genetik berbeza
1. Dipengaruhi oleh faktor Kepintaran, ketinggian, berat,
Variasi selanjar persekitaran warna rambut, warna kulit
2. Boleh berubah-ubah
Jenis kumpulan darah,
Variasi tak 1. Dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik kebolehan menggulung lidah,
selanjar 2. Tidak boleh berubah-ubah cap jari, jenis cuping telinga

1. Takat lebur rendah Sulfur, karbon, klorin, ammonia,

Bahan molekul 2. Tidak boleh mengkonduksikan air
elektrik
1. Takat lebur tinggi Kalium, natrium, kalsium,
Bahan atom 2. Boleh mengkonduksikan magnesium, aluminium, zink,
elektrik ferum, kuprum
Fotosintesis, pengaratan,
Perubahan 1. Menghasilkan bahan baru
kimia 2. Tindakbalas tidak berbalik pembakaran kertas

1. Tidak menghasilkan bahan Peleburan ais, penyejatan air,

Perubahan
baru pembentukan embun
fizikal
2. Tindakbalas berbalik
Fotosintesis, membakar kek,
1. Suhu persekitaran menurun
Endotermik peleburan ais, penyejatan air
2. Haba diserap
Letupan bom, pengaratan,
1. Suhu persekitaran meningkat
Eksotermik pembakaran, peneutralan
2. Haba dibebaskan
 Fosforus-32, iodin-131, uranium-
1. Bahan yang mempunyai
Bahan radioaktif nukleus tidak stabil 235, sodium-24, kobalt-60,
2. Mereput secara spontan karbon-14

1. Bahan yang tahan kakisan Keluli, Loyang, gangsa,

Aloi 2. Bahan yang lebih kuat daripada duralumin, piuter
logam tulen

TINGKATAN 5
Mentega, lemak ayam, keju,
1. Berasal daripada haiwan
Lemak tepu minyak sapi
2. Mengandungi kolestrol tinggi
1. Berasal daripada tumbuhan Minyak zaitun, minyak bijan,
Lemak tak tepu 2. Mengandungi kolesterol minyak sawit, santan
rendah
Sebatian 1. Berasal daripada benda hidup Telur, kayu, beras, ayam
organik 2. Takat lebur rendah
1. Berasal daripada benda Batu kapur, Jubin, marmar, pasir
Sebatian tak
bukan hidup
organik
2. Takat lebur tinggi
1. Tidak mempunyai rangkai Polisterin, pvc, polyester,
Termoplastik silang perspeks
2. Takat lebur rendah
1. Mempunyai rangkai silang Bakelit, epoksi, melamin
Termoset
2. Takat lebur tinggi
1. Proses memanaskan makanan Susu kotak, santan kotak, susu
pada suhu 63°C selama 30 segar, jus buah-buahan
minit dan disejukkan segera
Pempasteuran
2. Proses memanaskan makanan
pada suhu 72°C selama 15
saat dan disejukkan segera

1. Terdiri daripada otak dan saraf tunjang

Koordinasi saraf
2. Maklumat dalam bentuk impuls

1. Terdiri daripada kelenjar tanpa duktus

Koordinasi hormon
2. Maklumat dalam bentuk hormon

1. Boleh melalui vakum

Gelombang radio
2. Boleh bergerak sangat jauh
SOALAN 1

(b) Rajah 12 menunjukkan empat jenis kelenjar endokrin.

Pankreas

Kelenjar endokrin
Kelenjar tairoid Kelenjar adrenal

Ovari

Rajah 12

Kaji kelenjar endokrin dalam Rajah 12 dan konstruk konsep kelenjar endokrin.
Jawapan anda berdasarkan aspek berikut :

 Kenalpasti dua ciri sepunya [2 markah]

 Bina satu konsep awal bagi kelenjar endokrin [1 markah]
 Nyatakan satu contoh lain kelenjar endokrin dan [2 markah]
satu bukan contoh kelenjar endokrin
 Terangkan konsep sebenar kelenjar endokrin [1 markah]

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................
SOALAN 2

(b) Rajah 12 menunjukkan beberapa tindakan.

Kaji tindakan-tindakan dalam Rajah 12 dan bina konsep tindakan refleks.

Rajah12

Jawapan anda hendaklah berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

 Kenal pasti dua ciri sepunya [2 markah]
 Beri satu contoh lain bagi tindakan refleks [1 markah]
 Beri dua tindakan yang bukan tindakan refleks [2 markah]
 Hubungkaitkan ciri sepunya untuk membina konsep sebenar [1 markah]
tindakan refleks

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................
SOALAN 3

(b) Rajah 11 menunjukkan contoh-contoh perubahan fizik.

Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, binakan konsep perubahan fizik.

Jawapan anda hendaklah berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

 Kenal pasti maklumat [1 markah]
 Kenal pasti dua ciri sepunya [2 markah]
 Beri satu contoh lain bagi perubahan fizik [1 markah]
 Beri satu contoh perubahan kimia [1 markah]
 Hubungkaitkan ciri sepunya untuk membina konsep sebenar [1 markah]
perubahan fizik

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................
SOALAN 4

(b) Rajah 11 menunjukkan empat contoh bahan molekul.

Rajah 11

Kaji contoh bahan molekul dalam Rajah 11. Anda dikehendaki membina satu konsep
tentang bahan molekul.

Jawapan anda hendaklah berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

 Kenal pasti maklumat [1 markah]
 Kenal pasti dua ciri sepunya [2 markah]
 Bina konsep awal bahan molekul [1 markah]
 Beri satu contoh lain bahan molekul [1 markah]
 Hubungkaitkan ciri sepunya untuk membina konsep sebenar [1 markah]
bahan molekul

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................
SOALAN 5

(b) Rajah 11 menunjukkan ciri-ciri variasi selanjar.

Rajah 11

Kaji maklumat dalam Rajah 11 dan bina konsep variasi selanjar.

Jawapan anda hendaklah berdasarkan aspek berikut:

Jawapan anda hendaklah berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

 Kenal pasti maklumat [1 markah]
 Kenal pasti dua ciri sepunya [2 markah]
 Beri satu contoh lain variasi selanjar [1 markah]
 Beri satu contoh lain variasi tak selanjar [1 markah]
 Hubungkaitkan ciri sepunya untuk membina konsep sebenar [1 markah]
variasi selanjar

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................
SOALAN 6

(b) Rajah 11 menunjukkan contoh produk yang mengandungi lemak tepu.

Kaji maklumat dalam Rajah 11 dan bina konsep tentang lemak.

Jawapan anda hendaklah berdasarkan aspek berikut:

Jawapan anda hendaklah berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

 Kenal pasti maklumat [1 markah]
 Kenal pasti tiga ciri sepunya [3 markah]
 Beri satu contoh lain lemak dalam Rajah 11 [1 markah]
 Hubungkaitkan ciri sepunya untuk membina konsep sebenar [1 markah]
lemak dalam Rajah 11

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................
SOALAN 7

(b) Rajah 11 menunjukkan tiga jenis makanan yang telah diproses secara pempasteuran.

Rajah 11

Kaji contoh makanan dalam Rajah 11 dan bina konsep pempasteuran.

Jawapan anda hendaklah berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

 Kenalpasti dua ciri sepunya [2 markah]

 Beri satu contoh makanan lain yang menggunakan
proses pempasteuran [1 markah]
 Beri dua contoh lain kaedah pemprosesan makanan [2 markah]
 Hubungkaitkan ciri sepunya untuk membina pempasteuran [1 markah]

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................
SOALAN 8

(b) Rajah 11 menunjukkan contoh beberapa objek yang diperbuat daripada plastik
termoset.

Rajah 11

Berdasarkan Rajah 11, bina konsep termoset plastik. Penerangan anda hendaklah
mengandungi perkara berikut:

 Kenal pasti maklumat [1 markah]

 Kenal pasti dua ciri sepunya [2 markah]
 Beri satu contoh lain termoset [1 markah]
 Beri satu contoh bukan termoset [1 markah]
 Hubungkaitkan ciri sepunya untuk membina konsep sebenar [1 markah]
termoset

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................
SOALAN 9

(b) Rajah 12 menunjukkan tiga contoh makanan segar yang menggunakan proses
pendehidratan.

ikan

Pendehidratan
buah udang

Rajah 12

Kaji maklumat pada Rajah 12 dan bina konsep tentang pendehidratan.

Jawapan anda hendaklah berdasarkan aspek aspek berikut :

(i) Tuliskan maklumat daripada Rajah 12

(ii) Kenal pasti dua ciri sepunya
(iii) Berikan satu contoh makanan segar lain yang menggunakan proses
pendehidratan
(iv) Beri satu contoh makanan yang menggunakan proses pempasteuran.
(v) Hubungkaitkan ciri-ciri sepunya untuk membina konsep sebenar
pendehidratan.
[6 markah]
................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................
SOALAN 10

(b) Rajah menunjukkan objek-objek yang diperbuat daripada logam yang berbeza

Kaji maklumat dalam rajah dan bina konsep logam

Jawapan anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut:
 Kenal pasti tiga ciri sepunya [3 markah]
 Beri satu contoh lain bagi logam [1 markah]
 Beri satu contoh bukan logam [1 markah]
 Hubungkaitkan ciri sepunya untuk membina konsep logam [1 markah]

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................