Periodic Trends & PES Guided Notes

1. What are the different periodic trends you need to know about?

2. What is Atomic Radius? What is the trend left to right? What is the trend top to bottom?

3. Why does atomic radius increase as you go down a group?

4. Why does atomic radius decrease as you go left to right across a period?

5. What is Effective Nuclear charge? What are core electrons? How is Zeff calculated?

6. What is Shielding?

7. What is Ionization Energy?

8. Why is it easier (takes less energy) to remove electrons from atoms with a larger radius?
9. As you go from left to right across the periodic table what happens to ionization energy? Why?

10. As you go from top to bottom on the periodic table what happens to ionization energy? Why?

11. What is meant by 1st ionization energy, 2nd IE, 3rd IE…etc?

12. Why does it get more difficult (takes more energy) to remove an electron after an electron has already
been removed?

13. Why is there a big “Jump” in ionization energies for sodium between 1st and 2nd?

14. Why is there a big “Jump” in ionization energies for magnesium between 2nd and 3rd?

15. Why is there a big “jump” in ionization energies for aluminum between 3rd and 4th ?
16. Where are the ionization energy trend exceptions?

17. Why is there an exception to the trend in ionization energy between Magnesium and Aluminum (same
reason for Beryillium and Boron)?

18. Why is there an exception to the trend in ionization energy between Nitrogen and Oxygen (same reason
for Phosphorous and Sulfur)?

19. What is Electron Affinity What is the Trend?

20. What is electronegativity? Why is it the most important trend to remember?

21. What is the difference between ionic radius and atomic radius?

22. Why does ionic radius and atomic radius have the same trend going from top to bottom the periodic
table?

23. Why are cations smaller than their neutral atom counterpart?

24. Why are anions bigger than their neutral atom counterpart?

25. What does isoelectronic mean? What is an example of an isoelectronic series?