Af

f
in
eCi
p
he
r
TheAf fi
necipherisat ypeofmonoalphabeti
csubst i
tut
ionci pher,wherei
neachl ett
erinan
al
phabetismappedt oitsnumer i
cequival
ent
,encryptedusingasi mpl emat hemat
icalf
unction,and
conver
tedbackt oalett
er.Theformul
ausedmeanst hateachlett
erencr yptstooneotherletter
,and
backagain,meaningtheci pheri
sessenti
all
yast andardsubstit
utionci pherwit
har ulegover ni
ng
whichl
ettergoestowhich.

Thewhol
epr
ocessr
eli
esonwor
kingmodul
om (
thel
engt
hoft
heal
phabetused)
.Int
heaf
fi
ne

ci
pher
,thel
ett
ersofanal
phabetofsi
zem ar
efi
rstmappedt
othei
nteger
sint
her
ange0…m-
1.

The‘
key’f
ort
heAf
fi
neci
pherconsi
stsof2number
s,we’
llcal
lthem aandb.Thef
oll
owi
ng

di
scussi
onassumest
heuseofa26char
act
eral
phabet(
m =26)
.ashoul
dbechosent
ober
elat
ivel
y

pr
imet
om (
i.
e.ashoul
dhavenof
act
orsi
ncommonwi
thm)
.