Solution of the Machine Design-II Problems

Problem #M5: Gear kinematics: The figure shows an epicyclic gear train.
The number of teeth on each gear is as follows:
N2=20 N5=16
N4=30
The input is Gear 2 and its speed is 250 rpm clockwise (positive). Gear 6 is
fixed. Determine the speed of the arm and the speed of Gear 4. The
drawing is not to scale.

d5 + d6 = d2 + d4 and since all P are the same we get

N5 + N6 = N2 + N4 and N6 = 34 teeth
n 2 / A n 2  n A 250  n A
 
n 6 / A n6  n A 0  nA
n 2 / A n 2 / A n 4 / A n5 / A N N
   4 (1)( 6 )
n 6 / A n 4 / A n5 / A n 6 / A N2 N5
Substituting for the number of teeth on each gear

n2 / A 30 34
 ( )( )  3.187
n6 / A 20 16
n A  114 .3

Also

n4 / A n4  n A n  ( 114.3)
  4
n2 / A n2  n A 250  ( 114.3)
n4 / A N 20
 ( 2 )  
n2 / A N4 30

From above:
n4=-357.1 rpm

Problem # M6 : A pair of spur gears with a pitch of 6 are in mesh. The

pinion has 18 teeth and rotates at 1800 rpm transmitting 0.5 Hp. Both
gears have 20-degree pressure angles. The number of teeth on the gear
is 36. Determine the radial and tangential forces on the pinion.

33000(hp) nd
Ft  and V 
V 12
 (1800)3 33000(.5)
V   1413.7 and Ft   11 .7 lbs
12 1413.7
The radial stress is:
Fr  Ft tan(20)  11 .7 * tan(20)  4.25 lbs

Problem # M7: A pair of helical gears transmit 15 KW power and the

pinion is rotating at 1000 rpm. The helix angle is 0.50 radians and the
normal pressure angle is 0.35 radians. The pitch diameter of the pinion
is 70 mm and the pitch diameter of the gear is 210 mm. Determine the
tangential, radial, and axial forces between the gear teeth. (Answers:
4092, 1702, 2236 Newtons)

The tangential load is determined from the power relationship. The relationship in SI
units uses the driving torque:
9549W 9549(15)
T    143.23 N  m
n 1000
where the power is in Kw (Ref. Eq. 1.2 of Juvinall). The tangential load creating this
torque is:
T 143.23
Ft    4092 N
d 0.035
2
The radial and axial forces are:
Fr  Ft tan( )  4092 tan(0.394)  1702 N
Fa  Ft tan( )  4092 tan(.5)  2235 N
Note that:
tan(n ) tan(0.35)
tan( )    .416   0.394 rad
cos( ) cos(0.5)

Problem #M8: A pair of straight-tooth bevel gears (as shown in the figure above) are in
mesh transmitting 35 hp at 1000 rpm (pinion speed). The gear rotates at 400 rpm. The
gear system has a pitch of 6 and a 20-degree pressure angle. The face width is 2 inches
and the pinion has 36 teeth. Determine the tangential, radial, and axial forces acting on
the pinion. Answers (839 lbs, 283 lbs, 113 lbs).

d
davg

b
From the gear geometric information:
Np 36
dp    6 in and d g  15 in
P 6

The pitch cone angle can be obtained from the ratio of pitch diameters (Ref. Eq 16-16
Juvinall).
dp 6
 p  tan 1  tan 1 ( )  0.4   p  21.8 deg .
dg 15
From geometry, the average diameter of the pinion is:
d p , avg  d p  b sin( p )  6  2 sin( 21.8)  5.26 in
The pinion’s average pitch-line velocity is:
dn  (5.26)(1000)
Vavg    1377 ft / min
12 12
Now we can find the tangential force :
33000W  33000(35)
Ft    839 lbs
Vavg 1377
The axial and radial forces are:
Fr  Ft tan( ) tan( )  839 tan(20) cos(21.8)  283 lbs
Fa  Ft tan( ) sin( )  839 tan( 20) sin(21.8)  113 lbs

Problem #M9: A worm gear reducer is driven by a 1200 rpm motor. The worm has
3 threads and the gear has 45 teeth. The circular pitch of the gear is p=0.5”, the center
distance is 4.5 inches, the normal pressure angle is 20 degrees, and face-width of the gear
is b=1 inch. Use a coefficient of sliding friction of 0.029. Determine:
a) Gear and worm diameters, and worm Lead. (7.16, 1.84, 1.5 in)
b) The worm gear efficiency (88.6%)
c) Is the unit self-locking – show work? (No)

The gear pitch diameter can be found from the number of teeth and its circular pitch:
Ng p 45(.5)
dg    7.16
 
The pitch diameter of the worm can be obtained from the center distance and the pitch
diameter of the gear:
d w  2c  d g  2(4.5)  7.16  1.84 in
The lead is the number of threads in the worm times the worm’s axial pitch which is the
same as the gear’s circular pitch:
L  pa NW  0.5(3)  1.5 in
The gear efficiency can be obtained knowing the sliding friction as well as the normal
pressure angle and the lead angle of the worm. The lead angle of the worm is:
L 1.5
tan( )    0.26    14.5 deg
d w  (1.84)
The efficiency:
cos(n )  f tan( ) cos(20)  0.029 tan(14.5)
e   0.886
cos(n )  f cot( ) cos(20)  0.029 cot(14.5)
e  88.6%
The gearset is reversible because the friction coefficient f=0.029 is less than that required
for locking which is:
cos(n ) tan( )  cos(20) cos(14.5)  0.24

Problem M #10: A 10”-wide flat belt is used with a driving pulley of

diameter 16” and a driven pulley of rim diameter 36” in an open
configuration. The center distance between the two pulleys is 15 feet. The
friction coefficient between the belt and the pulley is 0.80. The belt speed is
required to be 3600 ft/min. The belts are initially tensioned to 544 lbs.
Determine the following. (answers are in parentheses)
Belt engagement angle on the smaller pulley (3.03 radians).
Force in belt in the tight side just before slippage. (1000 lbs).
Maximum transmitted Hp. (99.4 hp)

The engagement angle is:

Dd 36  16
 d    2 sin 1 ( )    2 sin 1 ( )  3.03 rad
2C 2(15)(12)
At the verge of slippage:
F1
 e  d  e 0.8(3.03)  F1  11 .3F2
F2
Also:
F1  F2  2 Fi  2(544)  F1  1000 lbs and F2  88 lbs

The transmitted Hp is:

( F  F2 )V (1000  88)(3600)
HP  1   99.5 hp
33000 33000