nghUslf;fk;

3.0. Kd;Diu

3.1. caphpdq;fspd; tifg;ghLk; gQ;r fhtpa epfz;Lk;

3.2. gQ;r fhtpa epfz;by; ,lk;ngWk; caphpdq;fs;

3.3. epfz;by; $wg;gLk; jhtu th;f;fk;

3.4. epfz;by; $wg;gLk; tpyq;fpd th;f;fk;

3.4.1. ePh;tho;td

3.4.1.1. rPjg;gpuhzp

3.4.1.2. Gdy; gwit

3.4.1.3. kiwg;gpuhzp

3.4.1.4. kPd;

3.4.2. epytho;td

3.4.2.1. tdg;gpuhzp

3.4.2.2. ghjhsg;gpuhzp

3.4.2.3. Fifg;gpuhzp

3.4.2.4. kQ;rfg;gpuhzp

3.4.2.5. rPj;jy;gpuhzp

3.4.2.6. tY%f;Fg;gpuhzp

3.4.2.7. ghAk;gl;rp

3.4.2.8. kidg;gpuhzp

3.4.3. gQ;r fhtpa epfz;by; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s tpyq;fpd

th;f;fq;fisg; gpw epfz;LfNshL xg;gpLjy;

KbTfs;

102
3.0. Kd;Diu

,iwtd; kdpjDf;F czT nfhLf;f> cw;rhfk; nfhLf;f>

,ize;J tho ,d;gKld; Rfpf;f> epyk; ePh; Mfhak; vdg; gilf;Fk;

NghJ mjpy; jhtuk; kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffs; vd [Pt th;f;fq;fisg;

gilj;jhh;. jhtuq;fspy; gytiffs; cs;sd. jhtuq;fs; #hpa xspapy;

,Ue;J Mw;wiyg; ngw;W mij czthf khw;wpr; Nrkpj;J kdpjDf;F

,iy> fha;> fdp> tpj;J> czT vd gad;gLk; gy nghUl;fis

toq;FfpwJ. ,e;jj; jhtu ,dj;ijr; rhh;e;J tUk; tpyq;Ffs;

kdpjDf;Fg; gy tiffspy; gad;gLfpwJ. ,e;j [Pt th;f;fq;fspy;

,Ue;J czT> cil> ciwtplk; Kjypa NjitfSf;fhd gad;jUk;

nghUl;fis kl;Lky;yhky;> kdpjdpd; cly;eyk; NgZk; gy kUj;Jt

jd;ikAila jhtuq;fisAk; tpyq;fpdq;fisAk; mfj;jpah; fz;lwpe;J

cyfj;jpw;F ntspg;gLj;jpdhh;.

fhl;by; thOk; tpyq;Ffs; jhtuq;fis cz;Zk; NghJ>

mitfSf;F ,aw;ifahfNt czT top kUj;Jtj; jd;ikAila

Ntjpapay; nghUl;fs; cliy milfpd;wJ. ,t;tpyq;Ffs; cly;

cghijfspypUe;J tpLjiyg; ngWtijg; ghh;j;j kdpjd;> mjidj;

jhDk; gad;gLj;jyhk; vd;W epidj;jhd;. NkYk;> kUj;Jt %ypiffis

cz;Zk; tpyq;fpdq;fspy; ,Ue;J kdpjd; NtW gy kUj;Jt

nghUl;fisAk; ngwyhk; vd;gij rpj;j> MAh;Ntj kw;Wk; Adhdp Nghd;w

kUj;Jt Kiwfs; vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;wd. rpj;jkUj;Jtj; Jiwapd;

Kd;Ndhbahd mfj;jpah; ,k;Kiwia ed;Ff; fz;lwpe;J> kUe;J kw;Wk;

gad;jUk; jhtu – tpyq;fpdq;fis jdJ ghly;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.

gz;ila kUj;Jth;fs; jhtuk; kw;Wk; tpyq;FfSf;F gy ngah;fisf;

$wp mioj;jjhy;> ,e;jg; gyngah; Kiw xUNtis kw;wth;fSf;Fj;

103
njhpahJ ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vdg; Gidg;ngah;fspy; mioj;jpUf;fyhk;.

me;jg; ngah;fisnay;yhk; njhFj;J toq;fg;gl;lJ Nghy; gQ;r fhtpa

epfz;by; jhtu> tpyq;fpdq;fspd; gy;NtW ngah;fs; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L top jhtu-tpyq;fpdq;fspd; gpw ngah;fs;

kl;Lky;yhky; mitfspd; gad;fSk; vLj;Jf; $wg;gl;Ls;sjhy;

,e;epfz;by; $wg;gLk; midj;Jj; jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; tpyq;fpdq;fs;

gw;wpaf; Fwpg;Gfs; ,yf;fpag; ghh;itapy; kl;Lky;yhky;> kUj;Jtf;

fz;Nzhlj;jpYk; mike;Js;sJ. mf;Fwpg;Gfisf; ntspf;nfhz;L

tuNtz;Lk; vd;wf; fhuzj;jpw;fhf ,t;tpay; Muhag;gl;Ls;sJ.

,t;tpaypd; Kjy; gFjpapy; jhtuq;fs; gw;wpa Ma;Tk; ,uz;lhk;

gFjpapy; tpyq;fpdq;fisg; gw;wpa Ma;Tk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.

3.1. caphpdq;fspd; tifg;ghLk; gQ;r fhtpa epfz;Lk;

caphpdq;fis fp.K.3-Mk; E}w;whz;L Kjy; fp.K.4-Mk;

E}w;whz;Lfspy; mhp];lhl;by; vd;w mwpQh; jhtu,dk;> tpyq;fpd ,dk;

vdg; ghFghL nra;jhh;. ,tiug; Nghd;W ,e;jpahtpd; MAh;Ntj

kUj;Jtj;jpd; je;ij vd;W miof;fg;gLk; rhuhf; vd;ghh; gy jhtuk;

kw;Wk; tpyq;fpdq;fis mwpe;jpUe;jhh;.

fpg;NghfpNul;l]; vd;gth; fp.K.460-377-,y; kUj;Jtj;jpd; je;ij

vdg; Nghw;wg;gl;lhh;. ,tUk; gad;jUk; gy kUj;Jt jhtu> tpyq;fpd

caphpdq;fis mwpe;jpUe;jhh;. ,tuJ khzth; jpNahgpul;lR vd;gth;

fp.K.370-282-,y; kUj;Jtj; jd;ik ,y;yhky; thoplk; kw;Wk; czTj;

jd;ikapd; mbg;gilapy; caphpdq;fis tifg;gLj;jpdhh;. mjd;gpd;

gpisdp kw;Wk; vy;lh; vd;gth;fs; jdJ “Historia Naturals” vd;w

Gj;jfj;jpy; nraw;if caphpdg; ghFghL gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdh;.

104
,tUf;Fg; gpd; [hd; gpuG vd;gth; Kjd; Kjyhf caphpdq;fSf;Fr;

rpw;wpdk;> Nghpdk; vd;w tifg;ghl;bid tifg;gLj;jpdh;.

rpy Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpd; 18-Mk; E}w;whz;by; RtPld; ehl;ilr;

rhh;e;j fNuhy]; ypd;Nda]; vd;gth; Kjd;Kjyhf vy;yh

caphpdq;fSf;Fk; ,ul;ilg; ngahpLk; Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhh;.

,th; 1753-,y; “Species Planetarium” vd;Dk; jhd; vOjpag; Gj;jfj;jpy;

5900 tif jhtuk; kw;Wk; jdJ System Natural (1758) vd;w E}ypy; 4200

tpyq;fpdq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.

,t;thW gy;Yaphpdj; jd;ikfs; gw;wpaf; Fwpg;Gf;fs; ,Ue;jhYk;

,itfis mfj;jpah; mwpe;jpUe;jNjhL kl;Lky;yhky; xt;nthU

caphpdj;jpw;Fk; gy;NtW ngah;fisf; Fwpg;gpLtJ mthpd; caphpdq;fs;

Fwpj;j mwpit vLj;J ,ak;Gfpd;wJ.

3.2. gQ;r fhtpa epfz;by; ,lk;ngWk; caphpdq;fs;

gQ;r fhtpa epfz;by; ,lk;ngWk; caphpdq;fis tpyq;fpdk;>

jhtu ,dk; vd ,uz;L tifahfg; gphpf;fyhk;.

caphpdq;fs;

tpyq;fpdk; jhtu
,dk;

KJnfYk;G KJnfYk;G
cs;sJ mw;wJ

kPd; ,Utho; fly;ghrpfs; GOf;fs;

caphpdk;

Ch;td gwg;gd fZf;fhypfs; G+r;rpfs;

ghY}l;bfs; G+uhd;fs; nky;Ylypfs;

105
 Itif epyq;fshd FwpQ;rp Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy; kw;Wk;

ghiy vd;w epy mikg;Gilaj; jkpofj;jpy; tho;e;j caphpdq;fspd;

ngah;fis gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L Fwpg;gpLtjhy;> ,e;epfz;il Mf;fpa

mfj;jpah;> jkpofj;jpd; vy;yh epyg;gug;igAk; ed;whf mwpe;jth; vdTk;

mjpy; tho;e;j caphpdq;fis kUj;Jtj;jpw;Fg; gad;gLj;Jk;

jd;ikiaAk; fz;lwpe;jth; vdTk; mwpaKbfpd;wJ.

gQ;r fhtpa epfz;bd; Mrphpauhfpa mfj;jpah; ,aw;ifAld;

xd;wpize;J tho;e;jth; vd;gJ ,e;epfz;lhy; njspthfpd;wJ. etPd

tifg;ghLfspd; je;ij vdg; Nghw;wg;gLk; fNuhy]; ypd;Nda]; vd;ghh;

jdJ Ma;T E}ypy; 5900 tifahd jhtuq;fisAk; 4200 tifahd

tpyq;fpdq;fisAk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;. Mjpj; jkpo;f;Fbiar; rhh;e;j

mfj;jpaNuh gy Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng jdJ epfz;by; gy;Yaphpdq;fspd;

ngah;fisr; Rl;bapUg;gNjhL kl;Lky;yhky; mjd; Gidg;ngah;fisf;

Fwpg;gpLtJ goe;jkpoh;fspd; mwptpay; Qhdj;ij ntspg;gLj;Jtjhf

mikfpd;wJ.

,j;jifaj; njhd;ikahd caphpd tifg;ghLfs; gw;wpaf;

Fwpg;Gf;fs; ,d;iwaj; jiyKiwapdUf;Fr; rhpahfr; nrd;wilahjJ

tUj;jj;ij mspf;fpd;wJ. gue;J tphpe;j jkpofj;jpy; Xh; caphpdj;jpw;Fg;

gy;NtW tifahdg; ngah;fs; Fwpg;gplg;gLtjpypUe;J gy;NtW gFjpfspy;

ntt;NtW tpjkhf gad;gLj;jp cs;sdh; vdj; njhpfpd;wJ. Mjpj;

jkpodpd; fyhr;rhu> nkhopg; gad;gLj;Jjypd; Ntw;Wik>

gof;ftof;fq;fspd; NtWghLfs; Nghd;wit gy;NtW ,d kf;fs;

tho;e;jdh; vd;gJk; mth;fs; xt;nthUtUk; Xh; Fwpg;gpl;l caphpdj;ij

ntt;NtW ngah;fspy; mioj;jdh; vd;gJk; njspthfpd;wJ.

106
3.3. epfz;by; $wg;gLk; jhtu th;f;fk;
itj;jpa fhz;lk; vd;Dk; ehd;fhk; fhz;lj;jpy; fhl;by;
tsh;e;Js;s %ypiffspd; mwptpay; ngah;> mJ rhh;e;Js;s jhtu ,dk;
gw;wpa mwpT gy Gjpa kUe;Jfs; jahhpf;fg; gad;gLk; %yf;$Wfisg;
ngWtjw;F cjtpahf ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
,e;E}ypy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s nrhw;fs; ghpghi\r; nrhw;fs;
MFk;. Vwj;jho F*cf;Fwpr; nrhw;fs; MFk;. rpj;jh; $l;lj;jpdUf;F
kl;LNk ,r;nrhw;fspd; cz;ikahd nghUs; GhpAk; vd;W ek;gj;
Njhd;Wfpd;wJ.

“gjdkjha; itj;J> rptG+iraJ nra;J

gz;GilaNt> Ntjhe;jg; ghpG+uz vz;Z}hpy;
gjdkjha;> itj;Jj;jhprpg;gha;> Gyj;jpaNd
ghpthd> gQ;rfhtpak;> rTkpaKk;
gjdkjha; itj;J> vz;Z}W gzpe;JtpLtPuhfpy;
guhgukha;> ve;ehSk; ghtpj;J> tho;tha;
gjdkjha;> ehyhtjpe;j fhz;lkijr; nrhd;Ndhk;
ghbNdhk;> td %yp> ghpG+uz Kw;Nw”1
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 514)
ehd;fhk; fhz;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s %ypiffspd; ngaUk;
mjd; rhpahd jhtutpay; ngaUk; njhFj;Jf; fPNo ml;ltizahfj;
jug;gl;Ls;sJ. jhtuq;fspd; ngah;fs; ,d;iwaj; jhtutpay;
mbg;gilapy; vt;thW gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;w Fwpg;Gld;
tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gQ;r fhtpa epfz;by; 98 jhtuq;fspd; ngah;fs;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mj;jhtuq;fs; ngUk;ghYk; %ypiffshf cs;sd.
,d;Wk; $l mfj;jpah; Fwpg;gpl;l %ypiffs; kUe;jpw;fhff;
gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. ,e;jj; jhtuq;fs; etPd
kUj;Jtj;jpw;Fk; Ma;thsh;fSf;Fk; GhpAk; tz;zk; Mq;fpy
nkhopngah;g;G kw;Wk; jhtu tifg;ghLfSld; Ma;T nra;J gad;jUk;
Kiwapy; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

107
 gQ;r fhtpa
t. mwptpay; ngah;
epfz;by; cs;s nghJg; ngah; gad;fs;
vz; kw;Wk; FLk;gk;
jhtug; ngah;fs;
1. tpl;Zfhe;jp Morning Evolvulus fha;r;rypdhy; tuf;$ba
(ghly; vz; 388) Glory alsincides ,Uky;> cly; R+L> Nfhio>
Convolvulaceae thjk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l
Neha;fisf; Fzg;gLj;jf;
$ba jpwDilaJ.
2. MlhNjhil Malabarnut Adhatoda vasica thjk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l
(ghly; vz; 389) Adhatoda Acantheceae Neha;fSf;Fk;> tapW
rk;ge;jg;gl;l Neha;fSf;Fk;
Vw;wJ.
3. rpWfPiu Keerai Amaranthes fz; vhpr;ry;> ePh;f;fLg;G>
(ghly; vz; 390) gangeticus ePh;f;Nfhit Nghd;w
Amaranthaceae Neha;fSf;F rpWfPiu
Vw;wJ.
4. thio Pazham Musa pientum 120 ngah; cs;sJ
(ghly; vz; 391) poraisiaca
Musaceae
5. ntw;wpiy Betel Piper betle Foe;ij kw;Wk;
(ghly; vz; 392) Piperaceae nghpath;fspd;
nrhpkhdj;ijr; rhp nra;Ak;
jpwd; ntj;jpiyf;F cz;L
6. nfhl;ilg;ghf;F Arecanut Arecacatechu nfhl;ilg; ghf;fpw;F
(ghly; vz; 394) Palmae Nfhio> fha;r;ry;> kyk;>
%yf; fpUkpiaf;
Fzg;gLj;Jk;
7. ney;ypf;fha; Gouseberry Phyllanthes NtWgl;l Mq;fpyg;
(ghly; vz; 395) Amla emblica ngah;fis cilaJ
Phyllanthaceae fly; mkpo;jj;ij xj;j
ney;ypf;fhia jpde;NjhWk;
cz;L te;jhy;
kyf;NfhshW> jiyr;Rw;wy;>
Gspg;ghy; cz;lhFk; thAj;
njhy;iy Nghd;wtw;iwf;
Fzg;gLj;Jk;
8. gpukp ,iy Brami- Bacopamonnien gpuk;khtpd; jhtuk;
(ghly; vz; 398) memory plant Scro-phulariaceae tapw;wpy; Vw;gLk; fl;b>
NkfNeha;> thA rk;ge;jkhd
gpur;rid Nghd;wtw;iwf;
Fzg;gLj;Jk;
9. vUf;fpiy Milk weed Calotropis acia ghk;G fbj;jTld; xd;W
(ghly; vz; 399) Apocyanaceae my;yJ ,uz;l
vUf;fpiyia nkd;W
jpd;why; ghk;Gtplk; ,wq;Fk;

10. nts;nsUf;F Erukku Calotropis 140 ngah; cs;sJ

(ghly; vz; 401) gigantean kyj;ij ,sf;fp>
Apocynaceae ntg;gj;ij mfw;wp> grpiaj;
J}z;b> cliy cukhf;Fk;
jd;ik cilaJ.

108
 gQ;r fhtpa
t. mwptpay; ngah;
epfz;by; cs;s nghJg; ngah; gad;fs;
vz; kw;Wk; FLk;gk;
jhtug; ngah;fs;
11. Fg;igNkdp Indian nettle Acalypha indica 105 ngah; cs;sJ
(ghly; vz; 402) Euphorbiaceae jPr;Rl;lg; Gz;> jhtu
tplq;fs;> tapw;Wtyp
Nghd;w Neha;fSf;F
Fg;igNkdp ,iy Vw;wJ.
,t;tpiyf;F kyj;ijg;
Nghf;Fk; FzKz;L.
12. epyNtk;G Siriyanangai Andrographis itu]; vjphp
(ghly; vz; 403) paniculata epyNtk;gpid nghb nra;J
Acanthaceae nfhjpf;fpd;w ePhpypl;L 30
epkplk; Cwpa gpd;dh;
tbfl;b> rpwpJ Njd;
Nrh;j;J Fbj;jhy; fha;rr ; y;
FzkhFk;.
13. rptdhh; Ntk;G Indigofera rptdhh; Ntk;gpdhy;
(ghly; vz; 404) aspalathoides ehs;gl;l Gz;> ke;jk;> tplk;
Fabaceae Nghd;wtw;iw ePf;f KbAk;.
,jd; Ntiu thapypl;L>
nkd;W rpwpJNeuk;
itj;Jtpl;L ckpo;e;jhy;
tha;g;Gz;> gy;typ ePq;Fk;
14. fPohney;yp Stone breaker Phyllanthus niruri fPohney;yp ,iyia
(ghly; vz; 406) Phyllanthaceae miuj;J nfhl;ilg;
ghf;fsT vLj;J ghypy;
fye;J Fbj;J te;jhy;
Nrhif> fhkhiy> thjk;
Nghd;w Neha;fs; FzkhFk;.
,uj;jKk; mjpfhpf;Fk;>
fz;fSk; Fsph;rr ; p ngWk;
15. nghLjiy Dandruf leaf Phylanodiflora nghLF Nghf;fp
(ghly; vz; 407) Verbenaceae nghLjiyf;F rPjNgjp>
,Uky;> thjNeha; Nghd;w
Neha;fisf; Fzg;gLj;Jk;
jd;ik cz;L. ePhpy;
rh;f;fiuapd; msitf;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;.
16. ngUe;Jsrp Rama Tulsi Ocimum sanctum cliyf; Fsph;r;rp milar;
(ghly; vz; 410) Lamiaceae nra;Ak;
17. fUe;Jsrp Krishna Tulsi Ocimum clypd; Jh;ehw;wj;ijg;
(ghly; vz; 411) tenviflorum Nghf;Fk;
Lamiaceae
18. rpWFwpQ;rhd; Kostam Gymema rh;f;fiu nfhy;yp
(ghly; vz; 409) sylvestre rpWFwpQ;rhDf;F ,Uky;>
Asclepiadaceae fhrNeha;> Rthrf; NfhshW>
thjk; Nghd;wtw;iwf;
Fzg;gLj;Jk; jd;ik
cz;L. ,jd; ,iyia
nrhwp> rpuq;F ,itfSf;F
Nkw;G+rp te;jhy;
FzkhfptpLk;

109
 gQ;r fhtpa
t. mwptpay; ngah;
epfz;by; cs;s nghJg; ngah; gad;fs;
vz; kw;Wk; FLk;gk;
jhtug; ngah;fs;
19. epyj;Jsrp Basil Ocimum fha;r;ry; Nghf;fp
(ghly; vz; 412) grattismum
Lamiaceae
20. kzj;jf;fhsp Solanum nigrum Flw;Gz; kUe;J
(ghly; vz; 414) Solanaceae kzj;jf;fhsp ,iyahy;
ehg;Gz; FzkhFk;.
21. jOjhis Cattle Clerodendron cly; tPf;fk;> typ> gpbg;G>
(ghly; vz; 415) dewormer inerme cly; Filr;ry; Nghd;w
Verbenaceae Neha;fisf; Fzg;gLj;Jk;
jd;ik jOjhiof;F cz;L
22. jiyr;RUsp - Aristalochia Nth; gad;gLjy;
(ghly; vz; 417) indica ngz;fSf;F Vw;gLk;
Aristalochiaceae cjpur; rpf;fiy ePf;ff;$ba
jd;ik jiyr;RUsp
NtUf;F cz;L
23. fz;lq;fj;jphp - Solanum ,UkNyhL tUk;
(ghly; vz; 418) Virginiarum fha;r;rYf;F ,J kpfTk;
Solanaceae Vw;wJ. fz;lq;fj;jphp ,uj;j
mOj;jj;jpid rPh; nra;a
cjTfpd;wJ. M];Jkhtpw;F
,r;nrbapidg; nghb nra;J
cz;ZtJ gof;fj;jpy;
cs;sJ. tul;L ,UkYf;F
ey;y kUe;jhFk;. khh;Gr;rsp>
tpah;it ehw;wk;
Mfpatw;wpw;F ey;y kUe;J
24. tOjiy Brahati Solanum indicum gok; gad;gLjy;
(ghly; vz; 419) Solanaceae tOjiyf;F fj;jphp>
thh;j;jhfk;> tOJzk;>
gOjpy;> gpufjp>
fz;lq;fj;jphp> tq;fk;>
tOJiz vd;w ngah;fSk;
,Ug;gjhf rpj;jh;
kiwnghUs; mfuhjp
$Wfpd;wJ.
25. Nga;Gliy Pudal Trichosanthes 88 ngah; cs;sJ
(ghly; vz; 420) cucumerine Nth; gad;gLfpd;wJ
Cucurbitaceae Nga;g;Gliyapd; cyh;e;j
fhia cz;lhy; ,uj;jk;
Rj;jkhFk;. tapw;wpYs;s
fpUkpfisg; Nghf;FtJld;
fha;r;rypd; Ntfj;ijAk;
jzpf;Fk; jd;ik
Nga;g;Gliyf;F cz;L
26. fwpg;Gliy Snake gourd Trichosanthes czT
(ghly; vz; 421) anguina fha;fwp
Cucurbitaceae
27. vUik Kd;id Pasumunnai Premna Latifolia khLfspd; Neha;
(ghly; vz; 422) Lamiaceae

110
 gQ;r fhtpa
t. mwptpay; ngah;
epfz;by; cs;s nghJg; ngah; gad;fs;
vz; kw;Wk; FLk;gk;
jhtug; ngah;fs;
28. rpWKd;id Taluthalai Clerodendronphlo -
(ghly; vz; 423) mides
Verbenaceae
29. ngUe;Jk;ig Thumbai Anisomolas Foe;ijfspd; khe;jk;
(ghly; vz; 424) Mint malabaricus vdg;gLk; tapw;Wf;
Labiatae NfhshWfisf;
Fzg;gLj;Jk;. my;rh;
Neha;fF
; k; ey;y kUe;jhfg;
gad;gLfpd;wJ.

30. ftpo;Jk;ig Mint Leucas cephalotes ftpo;Jk;ig ,iyia

(ghly; vz; 425) Lamiaceae Ntfitj;J> rpwpJ
rpw;whkzf;F
vz;nza;tpl;Lf; fpshp
nehpfl;LjYf;F itj;Jf;
fl;l FzkhfptpLk;.
31. Ntis Kolvikai Tephrosea Ntisia ijNtis> eha;
(ghly; vz; 428) Wild indigo purpurea Ntis> Kl;fhNtis>
Fabaceae fhNtis> ey;y Ntis>
fUk;G> ehzy;> gPhf ; ;F>
ntz;fhuk; vd;w
ngah;fspYk; miog;gjhf
rpj;jh; kiwnghUs; mfuhjp
$Wfpd;wJ
32. eha;Ntis Dog mustard Cleome viscosa eha;Ntisf; fPiuia
(ghly; vz; 429) Asian spider Capparaceae miuj;J> fl;bfspd; Nky;
itj;Jf; fl;bdhy; mjd;
Njhy; rpte;J fl;b
cilAk;. ,jd; rhw;iwf;
fhJfspy; ,uz;L
Jsptpl;Lg; gQ;rpid
milj;J itj;jhy;
fhJtyp ePq;Fk;.
33. gUj;jp Cotton Gossypium gUj;jp ey;y gzg;gaph;.
(ghly; vz; 434) arboreum gUj;jpia gd;dfk;>
Malvaceae gUj;jpf; nfhl;ilr; nrb>
Mr;rhjegiy> gd;dy;> ghp>
cj;jphp> fhw;ghrk;> cg;gk;>
jpUdhkg;ghiy> Gjy;>
ghpg;Gjy;> gd;iwg;Gjy;>
jwpKjw;fphpif> cg;gk;
gUj;jp> Ik;gUj;jp>
fhl;Lg;gUj;jp> Fg;igg;
gUj;jp> nrk;gUj;jp> jhspg;
gUj;jp> ehld; gUj;jp>
G+g;gUj;jp> Ntypg; gUj;jp
vd;Dk; 23 ngah;fspy;
miog;gjhf rpj;jh;
kiwnghUs; mfuhjp
$Wfpd;wJ.

111
 gQ;r fhtpa
t. mwptpay; ngah;
epfz;by; cs;s nghJg; ngah; gad;fs;
vz; kw;Wk; FLk;gk;
jhtug; ngah;fs;
34. nrk;gUj;jp - Hibiscusrosa ,ja Neha; ePf;fk;> Fsph;rr
; p
(ghly; vz; 435) sinensis nrk;gUj;jp G+tpd; ,iyia
Malvaceae miuj;J ghypy; fye;J
jpdKk; ,uz;L Ntis
Ie;J ehl;fs; Fbj;jhy;
,uj;j the;jp> cly;
nfhjpg;G FzkhFk;.
35. nts;s+kj;ij Angels Datura alba RthrNeha;
(ghly; vz; 436) Trumpet Solanaceae nts;s+kj;ijapd;
Nky;Njhiy ePf;fp miuj;J
ntg;gj;jpdhy; cz;lhFk;
fl;bfSf;F Nky; G+rpdhy;
fl;b fiue;JtpLk;.
nts;s+kj;ij nfhba
er;Rj; jd;ik cilajhy;
ftdkhfg; gad;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;. ,jid mg;gbNa
rhg;gpl;lhy; msTf;F
mjpfkhd kaf;fKk;>
ntwpAk; cz;lhFk;.
jtWjyhf VNjDk;
rpwpjsT cs;Sf;Fs;
nrd;why; mjd; tPhpaj;ijf;
fhl;btpLk;. ,e;j ,dj;jpy;
fUT+kj;ij mjpfkhfg;
gad;gLfpd;wJ
36. fUT+kj;ij Moon flower Datura fastuosa RthrNeha; fUT+kj;ijapd;
(ghly; vz; 437) Solanaceae ,iyahdJ xUGwk; ePy
epwkhfTk;> kw;nwhU gf;fk;
rpwpJ gr;ir epwkhfTk;
,uz;L Kjy; Ie;J mLf;F
kyh;fisg; ngw;wjhfTk;
,Uf;Fk;. ,J mt;tsT
rpwe;jJ md;W. fUT+kj;ij
vd;why; cs;Sk; GwKk;
fWg;ghf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
fhiag; gpse;J ghh;j;jhy;
mJTk; fWg;ghf ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk;
37. nghd;D}kj;ij - Datura metel Ckj;jk; nrb ,dj;jpy;
(ghly; vz; 438) Solanaceae kQ;rs; epwkhd G+f;fs;
,Uf;fpd;w nrbNa
nghd;D}kj;ij vd;W
$wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J nfhba
eQ;Rj; jd;ik cilajhy;
itj;jpah;fs; Nehahspfspd;
cly; jd;ikia mwpe;J
gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W
$Wth; (gjhh;j;j Fz
tpsf;fk;> gf;fk; 564)

112
 gQ;r fhtpa
t. mwptpay; ngah;
epfz;by; cs;s nghJg; ngah; gad;fs;
vz; kw;Wk; FLk;gk;
jhtug; ngah;fs;
38. fhl;lhkzf;F Jungle castor Jatropha curcus vhprf;jp vz;iz.
(ghly; vz; 440) Euphorbiaceae fhl;lhkzf;fpd; ,iyia
tpsf;nfz;nza; jltp
neUg;gpypl;L tjf;fp
fl;bfSf;F Nky; itj;Jf;
fl;bdhy; fl;b fiue;J
mt;tplj;jpy; cs;s
typiaAk; mlf;Fk;. ,jd;
,sq;Fr;rpia cilj;J gy;
Jyf;fpdhy; gy;typ> gy;
MLjy;> ,uj;jk; nrhhpjy;
Mfpait FzkhFk;
(gjhh;j;j Fz tpsf;fk;>
gf;fk; 230)
39. Nguhkzf;F Castor bean Ricinus Nguhkzf;fpid
(ghly; vz; 441) cummunis fhl;gpkzf;F vd;Wk; $Wth;
Euphorbiaceae (rp.k.m> g. 207).

40. fhQ;#iu - Acacia hockii -

(ghly; vz; 447) Mimosaceae
41. nfhl;lf;fue;ij - Sphaeranthes jiy> %is> ,Ujak;>
(ghly; vz; 448) indicus euk;G Nghd;witfSf;F
Asteraceae ey;y gyj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk;
(gjhh;j;j Fz tpsf;fk;>
gf;fk; 281).

42. rptfue;ij - Sphaeranthes rf;jp jUjy;

(ghly; vz; 449) amaranthoides ,uj;jj;jpYs;s khRfis
Asteraceae mfw;wpr; nrhwp> rpuq;F>
fug;ghd; Kjypa Njhy;
rk;ge;jkhd Neha;fis
mfw;Wk;. rspiaf;
Fiwf;Fk;. ,jidj;
njhlh;e;J 40 ehl;fs;
cl;nfhs;s cly; moF
ngWk;
43. neUQ;rpy; Neringi Thorn Tribulus terrestris 115 ngah; cs;sJ
(ghly; vz; 450) Zygophylaceae neUQ;rpia ehKs;> mRt
rl;buk; Nrk;G> ngUneUQ;rp>
Mid neUQ;rp> jphp
jz;lk;> GJk;> Rtjl;lk;>
Nfhz;lk;> fhkurp>
RthJfz;lk;> fpl;buk;.
fjk;> ahid> tzq;fp>
Jk;G> jpwpjz;lk;> flhr;
ryf;fz;b> ghjhsk; Nghd;w
ngah;fspYk; miog;gjhf
rpj;jh; kiwnghUs; mfuhjp
rhd;W gfh;fpd;wJ

113
 gQ;r fhtpa
t. mwptpay; ngah;
epfz;by; cs;s nghJg; ngah; gad;fs;
vz; kw;Wk; FLk;gk;
jhtug; ngah;fs;
44. ahid neUQ;rpy; - Pedalium murex rpWePh; Nghf;fp
(ghly; vz; 451) Pedaliaceae rpWePh; ngUf;fp
clk;gpy; cs;s ePh; ,wq;fp
tPf;fk; FiwAk;. ahid
neUQ;rpapd; ,iyia
miuj;Jg; Gz;fSf;Fj;
jltpdhy; MWk;. ePh;f;fl;L> ePh;
vhpr;ry;> cly; vhpr;riyf;
Fzg;gLj;Jk; jd;ik ahid
neUQ;rpf;F cz;L
45. KRKRf;if - Mukiamader rspiaf; Fiwj;J ,Ukiy
(ghly; vz; 452) spatana mlf;Fk;. ,jd; NtUf;F
Cucurbitaceae njhz;ilf; fufug;igf;
Fzg;gLj;jk; jd;ik cz;L
46. griy - Portulaca quarifida griy vd;gJ griyf;
(ghly; vz; 453) Amarantheceae fPiuiaf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,jidg;
gr;irf; fPiu vd;Wk; $Wth;.
,g;griyia triyf;nfhb>
nfhbg; griy my;yJ
nts;isg; gris> rptg;G
gris> JYf;fg; gris
my;yJ Nfhopf;fPiu> Ngha;g;
gris my;yJ cNyhrp>
tWf;if gris vd;w
ngah;fspYk; miog;gjhf
rpj;jh; kiwnghUs; mfuhjp
$Wfpd;wJ (rpj;j kUj;Jt
mfuhjp> gf;fk; 184).
47. ,ye;ij - Ziziphus ,ye;ijg; goj;ijg; gfy;
(ghly; vz; 456) mauritiana cztpw;Fg; gpd;dh; cz;z
Rhamnaceae Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; cz;l
cztpid vspjpy;
nrhpkhdkhf;FtJld;
gpj;jj;ijAk; ePf;Fk; jd;ik
,ye;ijg; goj;jpw;F cz;L.
,g;goj;jpid mjpf msT
cz;lhy; kWehs; kyk;
,sfyhfg; NghFk;
48. Klf;nfhj;jhd; Baloon vine Cardispermum ePh; vhpr;ry;> mjpf
(ghly; vz; 457) halicacabum ntg;gj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; gpj;jk;
Sapindaceae Kjypait FzkhFk;.
clYf;Ff; Fsph;r;rpiaj; jUk;
%ypif vd;gjhy; rpyUf;Ff;
fha;r;ry; Vw;gl tha;g;Gz;L.
vdNt> clypd; jd;ikiag;
mwpe;Jgad;gLj;JtJ ey;yJ.
49. myhp - Nerium odorum 96 ngah; cs;sJ
(ghly; vz; 458) Apocyanaceae myhp vd;Dk; ,dj;jpy;
nts;isg;G+> Rj;j rptg;Gg; G+>
ntSh; rptg;Gg;G+> mLf;Fg;G+
vdg; gytifAz;L.
myq;fhuq;fSf;Fk; ,jd; G+
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J
eQ;R tiffspy; xd;whff;
fhzg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ

114
 gQ;r fhtpa
t. mwptpay; ngah;
epfz;by; cs;s nghJg; ngah; gad;fs;
vz; kw;Wk; FLk;gk;
jhtug; ngah;fs;
50. nghd;dhq;fz;zp Wild turmeric Alternanthera cly;R+L> %yk;
(ghly; vz; 459) sessillis Kjypaitfs; FzkhFk;.
Meliaceae ,jid ePz;l ehl;fs;
rhg;gpl ey;yNjfk;>
fz;fSf;F xspAk;
cz;lhFk;. ,jd; ,iyia
miuj;J ePh; epuk;gpa
GJg;ghidapd; kPJ jl;b
itj;J> kWehs;
topj;njLj;Jf; fz;fSf;F
itj;Jf; fl;lg; gpj;jk;
rk;ge;jkhd fz; tpahjpfs;
FzkhFk;
51. gj;jpuhl;rp - Bryophyllum gj;jpuhl;rp ,iyiag;
(ghly; vz; 461) pinnatum gwpj;J neUg;gpy; thl;b>
Crussullaceae fl;bfspd; Nky;Nghl;L
itf;f tpiutpy; fl;bfs;
gOj;J cilAk;.
52. rpWgPis Sirupeelai Aervalanata rpWePh; ngUf;fp
(ghly; vz; 462) Amarantheceae ePh;f;fl;L FzkhFk;.
53. gpuz;il - Cissus vYk;G KwpT
(ghly; vz; 463) quadrangularis ,uj;j %yk; FzkhFk;.
Vitaceae
54. nts;is ehAUtp Prickly chaff Achyranthasaspera tapW rk;ge;jg;gl;l
(ghly; vz; 464) (Amarantheceae) Neha;fSf;F kUe;jhfg;
gad;gLfpd;wJ
55. jpUf;fs;sp Kalli Euphorbia jpUFfs;spg;ghiy
(ghly; vz; 465) tirucalli iffhy;fspy; cz;lhFk;
Euphorbiaceae gpbg;G Kjypatw;wpw;Fg;
G+rp> mjd; Nthpd;
mbapypUf;Fk; kz;izAk;
vLj;J mjd; Nky; J}Tjy;
cz;L. ,t;thW
nra;tjpdhy; typ> gpbg;G>
tPf;fk; ,itfs; FiwAk;.
jpUF fs;spg;ghiy
cs;Sf;Ff; nfhLj;jhy;
the;jpAk;> NgjpAk;
cz;lhFk;
56. ,iyf;fs;sp Kallikomorovi Euphorbia nivulia tr;rpuk;> tr;rpuhq;fk;> Kd;idr;
(ghly; vz; 466) Euphorbiaceae R+o; tr;rpuk;> Ml;lhq;fs;sp>
jpUFf;fs;sp> ,iyf;fs;sp>
ngUq;fs;sp> rJuf;fs;sp>
fj;jhis> nfhbf;fs;sp>
fz;butk;> ke;jhiu>
ngUq;fs;sp> nfhbf;fs;sp
ehYf;Fg; ngah; nfhbw fs;sp>
rJuf;fs;sp> fhzhq;fs;sp>
,iyf;fs;sp vd;Wk; ,jw;F
ngah; vd;W rpj;jh;kiwnghUs;
mfuhjp $Wfpd;wJ

115
 gQ;r fhtpa
t. mwptpay; ngah;
epfz;by; cs;s nghJg; ngah; gad;fs;
vz; kw;Wk; FLk;gk;
jhtug; ngah;fs;
57. rJufs;sp - Euphorbia rJuf;fs;spia Jz;L
(ghly; vz; 468) kalitargus Jz;lhf eWf;fp> ghidapy;
Euphorbiaceae xU gbf;F ehd;F gb tPjk;
jz;zPh;tpl;L> ghidapd;
tpspk;ig nts;isj;
Jzpahy; fl;b tpl
Ntz;Lk;. mjd; Nky; mhprp
khtpidg; gug;gp> gpl;bid
mtpf;Fk; gjk; te;jTld;
mjid ,wf;fp Mwitj;J
cl;nfhz;lhy;
vy;yhtpjkhd
%yNeha;fSk; jPUk;

58. Mykuk; King tree Ficus bangalensis Mykuj;jpd; ghy;> tpOJ>

(ghly; vz; 469) Moraceae gok;> tpij> G+> gl;il>
,iy ,itfs;
midj;jpw;Fk; kUj;Jt
FzKs;sJ. Mykuj;jpd;
tpOijj; jwpj;J gy;
Nja;j;J te;jhy; gw;fs;
cWjpahf ,Uf;Fk;

59. murkuk; Peapal tree Ficus religiosa jytpUl;rk;

(ghly; vz; 470) Bodhi tree Moraceae murkuj;jpd; ,iyr;rhw;iw
fhy; ntbg;GfSf;Fg;
G+rpdhy; ntbg;Gfs; MWk;.
,jd; cyh;e;j goj;ij
,bj;J> nte;ePhpypl;L jpdk;
,uz;L Ntis tPjk; gj;J
ehl;fs; njhlh;e;J nfhLf;f
khh;Gr;rsp ePq;Fk;

60. Njs;nfhLf;F - Heliotropium Njs;nfhLf;fpiyapd; rhW

,iy indicum frg;ghf ,Uf;Fk;. NehAs;s
(ghly; vz; 471) Boraginaceae gy;ypd; <WfSf;Fk;
Kfg;gUTf;Fk;
fz;Neha;fSf;Fk;
kUe;jhfg; gad;gLfpd;wJ
61. Mjz;il Cretaeva Capparaceae -
(ghly; vz; 472) religiosa Neuro tonic

62. MfhrfUld; Karudakodi Merremia Mfhr fUlid nfhy;yd;

(ghly; vz; 473) emarginata Nfhit> rPe;jpy;> Ngaj;jp>
Cucurpitaceae Mfhrf;fUld;> Nga;r;rPe;jpy;>
GifA+wy; vd;Wk;
miog;gjhf rpj;jh;
kiwnghUs; mfuhjp
$Wfpd;wJ

116
 gQ;r fhtpa
t. mwptpay; ngah;
epfz;by; cs;s nghJg; ngah; gad;fs;
vz; kw;Wk; FLk;gk;
jhtug; ngah;fs;
63. fUk;G Giant grass Sacharum fUk;gpidj; Jz;L Jz;lhf
(ghly; vz; 474) officinarum eWf;fp> neUg;gpypl;L rpwpJ
Poaceae nte;jgpd; vLj;J mk;kpapy;
itj;J ,bj;J gpope;njLj;j
rhw;iw tbfl;bf;
nfhLj;jhy; tha;Fkl;ly;>
tpf;fy; Kjypa Neha;fs;
jPUk;
64. nfhd;iw - Kanya fistula / nfhd;iw vd;gJ Xh; kuk;.
(ghly; vz; 475) korea fistula nfhd;w> Mh;f;Fgjk;>
Fabaceae Mh;f;Ftjk;> ,j;jp>
fLf;ifjhkk;> khjid>
fLf;iftif> Jj;jp>
rpWnfhd;iw> nrq;nfhd;iw>
ehpf;nfhd;iw>
Gypeff;nfhd;iw>
ngUq;nfhd;iw>
ikf;nfhd;iw>
ke;jhuf;nfhd;iw>
Kl;nfhd;iw> ruf;nfhd;iw>
tlf;nfhd;iw>
kaph;f;nfhd;iw>
nrk;kaph;f;nfhd;iw>
nghd;kaph;f;nfhd;iw> ,jop>
fLf;ifjhkk;> kjiy>
fpUjkhypk;> ruf;nfhd;iw
vd;Wk; nfhd;iw
miof;fg;gLtjhf rpj;jh;
kiwnghUs; mfuhjp
$Wfpd;wJ
65. mKf;uh - Withania ,jd; Nth; my;yJ fpoq;F
(ghly; vz; 477) somnifera Fsph;r;rpahd
Solanaceae FzKilajhy; Ngjp Vw;gl
tha;g;Gz;L vd;W
kUj;Jth;fs; $Wth;
66. khJis - Punica granatum frg;G> fhjilg;G> jhfk;>
(ghly; vz; 478) Puniaceae neQ;nrhpr;ry;> ke;jk;>
kaf;fk;> kyl;LNeha;>
the;jp> tpf;fy;> ntg;gj;ijj;
jzpf;Fk;> clYf;F moif
cz;lhf;Fk; jd;ik
khJisf;F cz;L
67. jhkiu Lotus sacred Nelumba nucifera cly; ntg;gj;ijj; jzpf;Fk;.
(ghly; vz; 480) Nymphanaceae jhkiu ,iyia
gad;gLj;jhky; ,Ug;gJ
ey;yJ. ,e;j ,iy
ghh;g;gjw;F mofhf
,Ug;gjpdhy; rpy,lq;fspy;
czTfis itj;J
cz;gJz;L. ,J
cly;eyj;jpw;F ey;yjy;y

117
 gQ;r fhtpa
t. mwptpay; ngah;
epfz;by; cs;s nghJg; ngah; gad;fs;
vz; kw;Wk; FLk;gk;
jhtug; ngah;fs;
68. fw;whio - Aloe barba densis fw;whioia ePhpy; ed;whff;
(ghly; vz; 482) Xanthroeaceae fOtp> rpwpjsT fw;fz;L
Nrh;j;J cz;lhy; cly;
Fsph;r;rp ngWk;
69. rhh;Ntis - Tephrosia rhh;Ntisapd; Ntiu
(ghly; vz; 483) purpurea gQ;RNghy; jl;b>
Fabaceae kz;ghz;lj;jpy;
nfhjpf;fpd;w ePhpypl;L
fha;r;rp> ,uz;L kzpNeuk;
Cwtpl;L tbfl;b> ,uz;L
kzpNeuj;jpw;F xUKiw
nfhLj;jhy; fhkhiy>
ePh;f;fl;L> kyr;rpf;fy;
Kjypaitfs; FzkhFk;
70. mThp Hartcase Indigofera 115 ngah; cs;sJ
(ghly; vz; 484) tinctoria mThp ,iyia miuj;Jf;
Fabaceae nfhl;ilg;ghf;fsT vLj;J>
nts;shl;Lg; ghypy; fyf;fp
tbfl;b jpdKk; xU
Ntis %d;W ehl;fs;
rhg;gpl kQ;rs; fhkhiy
jPh;e;JtpLk;. ,jd; ,iyia
miuj;J rpuq;Ffspd; Nky;
G+rp> cyh;e;j gpd;
Fspj;jhy; mg;Gz; tpiutpy;
MWk;
71. rPe;jpy; - Tinospora rPe;jpy; nfhbia gQ;RNghy;
(ghly; vz; 485) cardifolia jl;b xU FLitapypl;L>
Menis permaceae ePh;T+w;wp Rz;lf; fha;r;rpa gpd;
tbfl;b> jpdKk; ,uz;L
Ntis nfhLf;f ,Uky;>
fhkhiy> the;jp
Kjypaitfs; FzkhtJld;
grpiaAk; J}z;Lk; jpwd;
rPe;jpy; nfhbf;F cz;L

72. Gy;YUtp - Dendrophthoe Gy;YUtpia xl;b> kuntl;b

(ghly; vz; 486) falcate vd;Wk; $Wtjhf rpj;jh;
Loranthaceae kiwnghUs; mfuhjp
$Wfpd;wJ
73. vl;bkuk; - Strychnosnuxvom vl;bkuj;jpd; Nth;> nfhl;il>
(ghly; vz; 487) ica gok; midj;JNk kUj;Jt
Labiatae FzKilaJ. vl;bkuj;jpd;
nfhl;ilia Rj;jk; nra;J>
re;jdf;fy;ypd;kPJ ePh;tpl;L
miuj;J topj;Jr; rpwpJ
R+Nlw;wp jiytypf;Fj;
jltpdhy; FzkhFk;.
vl;bg;gok; Fjpf;fhy;thjj;ij
ePf;f ty;yJ. vl;bkuj;jpd;
Nth; msTf;F kPwpdhy;
eQ;rhf khwptpLk;

118
 gQ;r fhtpa
t. mwptpay; ngah;
epfz;by; cs;s nghJg; ngah; gad;fs;
vz; kw;Wk; FLk;gk;
jhtug; ngah;fs;
74. khtpyq;F - Creteva religiosa khtpyq;fg;gl;ilia
(ghly; vz; 488) Capparaceae ed;whf cyh;j;jp> ,bj;J
nfhjpf;fpd;w ePhpypl;L> Mw
itj;J fyf;fp jpdKk;
,uz;L Ntis nfhLj;jhy;
fha;r;ry;> tPf;fk;> ePh;f;fl;L>
jhfk;> fy;yilg;G>
tp\f;fb Kjypaitfs;
ePq;fptpLk;
75. G+rzpf;fha; - Cucurbita pepo clypYs;s ,uj;jj;ij
(ghly; vz; 489) Cucurbitaceae ciwar; nra;Ak; jpwd;
,jw;F cz;L. vspjpy;
nrhpkhdk; MfhJ. ,ij
Ntfitj;J miuj;Jf;
fspNghy; fpswp> mOfpa
Gz;fSf;F itj;Jf;
fl;bdhy; MwptpLk;
76. J}Jtis Purple Solanum ,Ukiyf; Fzkhf;Fk;.
(ghly; vz; 490) Fruitpea trilobalum ,jd; goj;ij cz;lhy;
Solanaceae clYf;F ed;ikia
Vw;gLj;Jk;. J}Jtisapd;
G+tpidf; nfha;J>
nea;tpl;L tjf;fpr; rhg;gpl
cly; gUkd; mjpfhpf;Fk;>
clYk; Gj;Jzh;rr ; p ngWk;
77. vYkpr;ir - Citrusmedica vYkpr;irg;goj;ijg; gpope;J
(ghly; vz; 491) Rutaceae ePUld; fye;J rpwpJ rh;f ; iu
Nrh;j;J jpdKk; ,uz;L
Ntisg; gUfpdhy; jhfk;>
cly; Nrhh;T ePq;Fk;.
mk;ik Nehapdhy;
Vw;glf;$ba cly;
ntg;gKk; FiwAk;
78. ntl;bNth; - Chrysopogon ntl;bNtiu gQ;RNghy;
(ghly; vz; 492) jl;b> nfhjpf;fpd;w ePhpypl;L
,uz;L kzpNeuk;
Cwtpl;Lg; gpire;J
tbfl;b> rh;f;fiu Nrh;j;J
jpdKk; %d;W Ntis
nfhLj;jhy; jhfk;> fha;r;ry;
ePq;Fk;. tpah;itAk;
rpWePUk; ngUFk;
79. vOj;jhzp Palm leaf Launaea Vl;by; vOJk; ik jahhpf;f
gr;rpiy Writing ink Sarmentosa gad;gLk;.
(ghly; vz; 511) plant Compositae
80. Nfhuf;fh;%yp Kanja Canabis sativa Nghijiaj; jUtJ
(ghly; vz; 510) Canabinaceae Nfhuf;fh; vd;w Kdpthpd;
ngahpy; cs;sJ

119
 gQ;r fhtpa
t. mwptpay; ngah;
epfz;by; cs;s nghJg; ngah; gad;fs;
vz; kw;Wk; FLk;gk;
jhtug; ngah;fs;
81. nrq;Fd;wp Kunti Muthu Salvodora ,jd; tpij fz;typiag;
(ghly; vz; 509) Weightiana Nghf;Fk;
Salvodoraceae
82. fUq;Fd;wp Kunti Salvodora persica fz; typiag; Nghf;Fk;
(ghly; vz; 508) Salvodoraceae
83. nts;isf; Fd;wp Kunti Salvodora sp. clw;R+l;bidg; Nghf;Fk;
(ghly; vz; 507) Salvodoraceae
84. jfiu Wild senna Casia tora 92 ngah; cs;sJ. ,J
(ghly; vz; 506) Caesalpinaceae fha;fwp tifiar; rhh;e;jJ.
Njhy; tpahjpiag; Nghf;Fk;
85. eha;g;ghfy; Bitter melon / Memordica fha;fwp ,aw;if ,d;Rypd;
(ghly; vz; 505) Bitter gourd Charantia cs;sJ eha;g;ghfiy
Cucurbitaceae ,bj;Jr; rhW gpope;J
cl;nfhz;lhy; rspNahL
%f;filg;Gk; ePq;Fk;
86. G+idf;fhyp - Mucunapruriens tpij Fly;GO ePf;fp
(ghly; vz; 504) Fabaceae G+idf;fhyp tpijfis
gRk;ghy; Nrh;j;J
Ntfitj;J> Nkw;Njhiy
ePf;fpf; fhaitj;J> ed;whf
,bj;J> rpwpJ rh;ff ; iu
Nrh;j;J fha;r;rpd gRk;ghy;
Nrh;j;J ,UNtis cz;L
te;jhy; ngz;fSf;F cly;
ntg;gj;jpdhy; cz;lhFk;
nts;isg;gLjy; FzkhFk;
87. mfj;jp - Sesbania Fly;GO ePf;fp mfj;jp
(ghly; vz; 503) grandifolia kuj;jpd; Nth;g;gl;iliar;
Fabaceae rpW Jz;lfshf eWf;fp
,bj;J xU kl;ghz;lj;jpy;
ePh;tpl;L tw;wf; fha;r;rp>
tbfl;b jpdKk; %d;W
Ntis nfhLj;jhy;
gpj;jj;jhy; Vw;gl;l cly;
vhpr;ry;> jhfk;> ,uj;jf;
nfhjpg;gpdhy; cz;lhd
jOk;G Nghd;witfs;
ePq;Fk;

88. tpy;tk; Wolf bane / Aegle marmelops rpth jq;Fk; kuk;

(ghly; vz; 502) Bilva tree Rutaceae Gdpj kuk;
tpy;t Nth;g;gl;ilAld;
rPufk; Nrh;j;J miuj;Jg;
gRtpd; ghypy; fyf;fp
tbfl;b jpdKk; xU
Ntis Fbj;J te;jhy;
the;jp> kaf;fk; ePq;fp
cliy tYg;gLj;Jk;

120
 gQ;r fhtpa
t. mwptpay; ngah;
epfz;by; cs;s nghJg; ngah; gad;fs;
vz; kw;Wk; FLk;gk;
jhtug; ngah;fs;
89. mj;jp Fig Ficus glomerata Gw;WNeha; kUe;J
(ghly; vz; 501) F.carica ed;whf Kjph;e;J gOj;j
Moraceae mj;jpg; goj;ij Njdpy;
Cwtpl;L> cz;z kyk;
rhh;e;j NehAk;> gpj;jNehAk;
ePq;Fk;
90. fhprhiy Gotu kola Eclipta alba fy;yPuy; Neha; FzkhFk;
(ghly; vz; 500) Compositae fhprhiy ,iyia rpwpJ
kpsFld; Nrh;j;J miuj;J>
jpdKk; ,uz;L Ntis
rhg;gpl kQ;rs;fhkhiy
FzkhFk;.
91. nfhbNtyp - Plumbago Nth; rpwe;jJ
(ghly; vz; 499) Zeylanica nfhbNtyp Nth;g;gl;ilia
Plumbago- miuj;J> Nfhop
ginaceae Kl;ilapYs;s nts;isf;
fUtpy; fye;J> jpdKk;
fhiy kw;Wk; khiy %d;W
ehl;fs; nfhLj;jhy;
khjtpyf;F rhpahFk;
92. ed;dhhp - Hemidesmus rpWePuf Neha;
(ghly; vz; 498) indicus eWkzKila ed;dhhp
Asele pediaceae Nthpid miuj;Jj; Njdpy;
fye;J cz;lhy; gpj;jk;
ePq;Fk;. ehs;gl;l ,Uky;>
ePh;f;fLg;G Nghd;w
Neha;fis Fzg;gLj;Jk;
kUj;Jt Fzk; ed;dhhp
NtUf;F cs;sJ
93. tl;l Rattleweed Crotalaria J}f;fk; jUjy;
fpYfpYg;ig verrucosa fpYfpYg;igr; nrbapy;
(ghly; vz; 497) Fabaceae ,uz;L tiffs; cz;L. 1.
tl;l fpYfpYg;ig> 2.
nts;is fpYfpYg;ig
94. ehAUtp Prickly Chaff Achyranthes Njhy; tpahjp
(ghly; vz; 496) aspera ehAUtp NtwhdJ tapW
Achyranthaceae rk;ge;jg;gl;l Neha;fSf;F
kUe;jhf rpj;j
kUj;Jth;fshy;
toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ

95. ,Yg;ig Mahwa Madhuca gy Nfhtpy;fspd; jytpUl;rk;

(ghly; vz; 495) longifolia / Bassia ,Yg;igg;G+ RitAk;> gpj;jKk;
longifolia cilaJ. ,g;G+tpypUe;J
rhuhak; fha;r;rg;gLk;.
Sapotaceae ,Yg;igg;G+tpid gRtpd;
ghypy; ,l;Lf; fha;r;rpj;
jpdKk; xUNtis nfhLj;jhy;
fha;r;rYk;> jhfKk; ePq;Fk;

121
 gQ;r fhtpa
t. mwptpay; ngah;
epfz;by; cs;s nghJg; ngah; gad;fs;
vz; kw;Wk; FLk;gk;
jhtug; ngah;fs;
96. rq;fpiy - Azimatetracantha ,iy ehrp
(ghly; vz; 494) Salvodoraceae Jk;ky; Nghf;fp
,iyapd; rhW frg;ghf
,Uf;Fk;. ,UkYf;F
kUe;jhf rq;fpiy
nfhLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. NtW
gy kUe;JfNshL Nrh;j;Jk;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ
(gjpndz;rpj;jh;fs;
jpUtha;kyh;e;jUspa
itj;jpa %ypif mfuhjp>
gf;fk; 131).
97. nts;is rhuiz Mookiratai Boer havia -
(ghly; vz; 493) diffusa
NYC taginaceae
98. ntl;b Nth; - Chrysopogonzizq ntl;bNtiu gQ;RNghy;
(ghly; vz; 492) nioides jl;b> nfhjpf;fpd;w ePhpypl;L
Poaceae ,uz;L kzpNeuk;
Cwtpl;Lg; gpire;J
tbfl;b> rh;f;fiu Nrh;j;J
jpdKk; %d;W Ntis
nfhLj;jhy; jhfk;> fha;r;ry;
ePq;Fk;. tpah;itAk;
rpWePUk; ngUFk; (gjhh;j;j
Fz tpsf;fk;> gf;fk; 664).

3.4. epfz;by; $wg;gLk; tpyq;fpd th;f;fk;

caphpdq;fis tifg;gLj;Jjy; kpfTk; mtrpakhd xd;whFk;.

,e;j tifg;gLj;Jjypd; thapyhf caphpd ghpzhk tsh;r;rpiaf;

fz;lwptJld; my;yhky; mitfspd; tho;tplk;> xd;Wld; kw;nwhd;Wf;F

cs;sj; njhlh;G Nghd;w caphpdg; gz;Gfs; kw;Wk; kuGg; gz;Gfs; gw;wp

mwpaKbAk;. caphpdq;fis kdpjd;> tpyq;Ffs; kw;Wk; jhtu

tsh;r;rpfspy; gad;gLj;jp> gad;juf;$ba kUj;Jtg; nghUl;fis

mWtil nra;J ,d;iwa etPd kUj;Jtj;jpy; ,izf;f tha;g;G

Vw;gLk;.

122
 ,e;jpahtpy; ,Uf;ff;$ba td tsk;> jhtu tsk;> caphpd tsk;

Nghd;wit gy;Yaphpdg; ngUf;fj;jpy; ,e;jpahit Kd;dpiyapy;

epWj;Jfpd;wJ. ,e;jpaj; Jizf; fz;lj;jpy; tho;e;j gy caphpdq;fs;>

jhtu ,dq;fs; gw;wp mfj;jpah; jdJ gQ;r fhtpa epfz;by;

Fwpg;gpLtjd; topahf ,e;jpaj; Jizf; fz;lj;jpd; gy;Yaphpdj;

njhFg;ig kl;Lky;yhJ> kdpjd; mitfspd; gz;GfisAk;

mwpe;jpUe;jhd; vd;gijAk; mwpaKbAk;.

,t;Tyfg; gilg;gpy; kdpjh;fSf;F czTf;fhfg;

gad;gLk;gbahfg; gilf;fg;gl;l tpyq;fpdq;fs; gy cz;L. mtw;iw

Md;Nwhh;fs; ,Utifg;gLj;jpAs;sdh;. mit> ePh; tho;td> epy tho;td.

,tw;Ws;> ePhpy; thOk; tpyq;fpdq;fspd; ,iwr;rpahdJ tpUg;gj;jpw;F

,ire;jjhfTk; kpUJthfTk; ,dpg;Gf;fye;j RitAilajhfTk;

,Uf;Fk;. ,J grp jPgdj;ijAk; nfhOikiaAk; nfhLg;gJld;

fgj;ijAk; thAitAk; fz;bf;Fk;.

3.4.1. ePh;tho;td

rhjhuzkhfr; rJg;G epyj;jpYk;> ePhpYk; tho;fpd;w ,e;j ePh;tho;

caphpdq;fis ehd;F ,dkhff; $wyhk;.

3.4.1.1. rPjg;gpuhzp

rPjg;gpuhzp vd;gJ rJg;Gepyj;jpy; NkAk;gbahd vUik> ePh;ahid>

fThpkhd; Kjypatw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,tw;wpd; ,iwr;rpia cz;z thj

gpj;j cghp rhe;jg;gLk;. Mdhy; fgj;ij tpUj;jp nra;Ak;. rpWePiug;

ngUfr; nra;Ak;.

123
 “,ak;gpNdhk;> Nkij> ngUe;jhdpr ndd;Wk;
,ay;ghd> NtkehUij nad;Wk; NgU
kak;gpNdhk;> Mapukhspifnad;Wk; NgU
kfj;jhd; Ngiag;gpLq;fpanud;Wk; NgU
Gak;gpaNjhh; G+jyhQ;randd;Wk; NgU
Gfohd> fhKfd;> fs;s ndd;Wk; NgU
rak;gpdNjhh; rhzthfl nkd;Wk; NgU
rq;ifapy;yh> vUik vd;W kjw;Fg; NgNu”2
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 643)
vd;wg; ghlypy; Nkij> ngUe;jhdprd;> NtkehUij> Mapu khspif>
Ngiag; gpLq;fpah;> G+jthQ;rak;> fhKfd;> fs;sd;> rhzthflk; vd;gd
vUikapd; ngah;fshf mfj;jpah; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.

3.4.1.2. Gdy; gwit

Gdy; gwit vd;gJ ePhpy; thOk; thj;J> nfhf;F> ehiu>

md;dg;gl;rp Kjypatw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,tw;wpd; ,iwr;rpia cz;l hy;

thjfgj;ij cz;lhf;Fk;. gpj;jj;ijf; fz;bf;Fk;. Njfj;jpw;Fg;

gyj;ijAk;> nfhOikiaAk; nfhLg;gJld; Njfj;ijf; Fspur; nra;Ak;.

“ehiunad;w> fdpr;rhhp> tf;f ty;yhhp

ey;yJf;fdhrw;wp> J}jee;jp
thiu> vd;kJkuhlnkd;Wk; NgU
tskhd> Ntioah neW jiyahNdndd;Wk; NgU
Ntiuahd> xh;nfhf;fpdilah ndd;Wk; NgU
tay; Rw;wpj; jphpth ndd;wjw;Fg; NgU
$iu nad;Wk; thuhJ> Fk;gKdpnad;Wk;
FU Kdptd;> XJfpd;w nfhf;fpd; NgNu”3
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 689)
vd;wg; ghlypy; fdpr;rhhp> tf;f ty;yhhp> ey;y Jf;fdh rw;wp (Rw;wp)
thiu> vd;kJkuhlk;> Ntioahd;> ehWjiyahNdd;> xh; nfhf;fpilahd;>
tay; Rw;wpj;jphpthd;> $iu Fk;gKdp> FUKdp vd;gd nfhf;fpd;
ngah;fshf mfj;jpah; thpirg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;.

124
3.4.1.3. kiwg;gpuhzp

kiwg;gpuhzp vd;gJ ej;ij> fpspQ;ry;> rq;F> Ckr;rp

Kjypatw;iwg; Nghy; XL %bf;Fs; kiwe;jpUg;gijAk;> Mik> Kjiy

Kjypatw;iwg;Nghy; XL %bf;Fs;spUe;J fhy; rPj;jy; cilaijAk;

Fwpf;Fk;. ,tw;wpd; ,iwr;rpia cz;lhy; thjj;ijAk;> gpj;jj;ijAk;

fz;bf;Fk;. fgj;ij tpUj;jp nra;Ak;. Njfj;jpw;F nfhOikiaAk;

tpe;Jg; ngUf;ifAk; cz;lhf;Fk;. kiwg;gpuhzp gw;wp mfj;jpah; jk; gQ;r

fhtpa epfz;by; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy.

3.4.1.4. kPd;

kPd; vdg;gLtJ Fl;il> Fsk;> Vhp> MW> rKj;jpuk; Kjypatw;wpy;

thrk; nra;tijf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,jd; ,iwr;rpia cz;lhy; rPuzj;jpw;F

gpd; rpwpJ c\;zj;ij cz;lhf;Fk;. thAitf; fz;bf;Fk;. Mdhy; gpj;j

fgj;ij tpUj;jp nra;tJld; Njfj;ijf; nfhOikngw tsh;f;Fk;.

“ml;ilahk;> ryrhjuq;fnkd;Wk; NgU

mlthd> rhj;Jzpkhjh> rl;bapnyhhpNahit
,ul;ilahk;> rfy thf;Fjtp nad;Wk; NgU
trdpj;Njhk;> tpj;j khjndd;Wk; NgU
el;ilahk;> tPLz;z rhnad;Wk; NgU
etkhd fhhpak;gyj;jpnad;Wk; NgU
kl;ilah> ehtsNehf;fp nad;Wk; NgU
kfj;jhd> Nghpjw;F> kr;rj;jpd; NgNu”4
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 675)
vd;wg; ghlypy; ryrhjuq;fk;> rhj;Jzp khjh> rl;bapy; vhpNahit> rfy

thf;Fjtp> tpj;jkhjh;> tPLz;zrha;> fhhpak;gyj;jp> ehtsNehf;fp vd;gd

kPdpw;F toq;fg;gLk; NtWngah;fshff; $Wfpd;whh; mfj;jpah;.

125
3.4.2. epytho;td

ePhpy; thOk; caphpdq;fis ehd;F tiffshfg; gphpj;jJ Nghd;W

epyj;jpy; thOk; caphpdq;fis vl;L ,dkhff; $wpapUf;fpd;wdh;.

3.4.2.1. tdg;gpuhzp

tdg;gpuhzp vd;gJ khd;> fiykhd; Kjypatw;iwg; Nghd;wJ.

,tw;wpd; ,iwr;rpia cz;lhy; ,dpg;NghL $ba Jth;g;Gr; Ritiaf;

nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,J jPgdj;ij cz;lhf;Fk;. ,d;Dk; Kj;Njh\j;ijf;

fz;bg;gJld; kyr;rpf;fiy cz;lhf;Fk;. ey;y gyj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk;.

fiykhdpd; NtW ngah;fshf mfj;jpah;>

“mjPjnkd;wNyh rkhgjp nad;Wk; NgU

jpUnthU khdpilahnsd;Wk; NgU
gjPjnkd;w Ntfe;jphpthndd;Wk; NgU
,jfnkd;w> xl;lf;fh> fhptnsd;W NgU
nfjPjnkd;w> gha;e;Jl eq;ifahk;> re;jofp nad;Wk; NgU
vhpf;Fw;wf;fhhpnad;wjw;Fg; NgU
jjPjnkd;w> jtk;Ghp khjnud;Wk; NgU
jUntd;w fiykhdjw;Fg; NgNu”5
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 647)
vd;wg; ghlypy; vl;Lg; ngah;fis thpirg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;.

3.4.2.2. ghjhsg;gpuhzp

ghjhsg;gpuhzp vd;gJ ghk;G> cLk;G> Ks;sk;gd;wp> tug;G vyp

Kjypatw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,tw;wpd; ,iwr;rpia cz;lhy; ,dpg;Gr;

Ritiag; ngw;wpUf;Fk;. R+l;il cz;lhf;fp thAitf; fz;bf;Fk;. ,J

kyryj;ijf; fl;Lk;. gpj;jj;ij cghp nra;Ak;. gyj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk;.

cLk;ig mfj;jpah;>

126
 “Kayhd tyhpr Nghjnkd;Wk; NgU
Kf;fpakh kywk;> khJuhlnkd;Wk; NgU
neryhd> ,ul;il ehjf; Nfhspnad;Wk; NgU
epiyahd> Gilg;nghd;> ehypy; eypilahs;
mryhd> kiytd; thrpnad;Wk; NgU
mlthd kfh kd;dhl nkd;Wk; NgU
kryhd rpfuj Nkhdfj;jhnsd;Wk; NgU
ghbNdhk;> ,e;jg;gbAk; cLk;gpd; NgNu”6
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 686)
vd;wg; ghlypy; tyhpr Nghjk;> khkywk;> khJuhlk;> ,ul;il ehjf;

Nfhsp> Gilg; nghd; ehspy; eypilahs;> kiytd; thrp> kfh kd;dhlk;>

rpfujk;> Nkhdfj;jhs; vd;wg; ngah;fspy; miof;fpd;whh;.

3.4.2.3. Fifg;gpuhzp

Fifg;gpuhzp vd;gJ Gyp> rpq;fk; Kjypatw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,jd;

,iwr;rpia cz;lhy; vspjpy; rPuzkhfhJ. fz; tpahjpfSf;F mjpfk;

rpwe;jJ. Njf jplj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk;. thjj;ijf; fz;bf;Fk;.

“Ntq;ifajhk;> Nyhfthkq;if nad;Wk;

tpsq;fpNdhk;> MikNahlhq;fy;> NtyhAjkhd
Ntq;ifajhk;> Ntq;fpf; Fwpj;Njhndd;Wk; NgU
tpNtfnkd;wth;> jq;fnkd;Wk; NgU
kq;ifakhk;> jh;kNdhjakh ndd;Wk; NgU
klthd> khrp> tpsf;nfhsp nad;Wk; NgU
nrq;ifajhk;> rpq;fehW vd;Wk; NgU
nrg;gpNdhk;> rpk;kj;jpdjPjg; NgNu”7
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 649)
vd;wg; ghlypy; rpq;fj;jpd; ngah;fis gl;baypLfpd;whh; mfj;jpah;.

127
3.4.2.4. kQ;rfg;gpuhzp

kQ;rfg;gpuhzp vd;gJ Fuq;F> mzpy;> kueha; Kjypatw;iwf;

Fwpf;Fk;. ,jd; ,iwr;rpia cz;lhy; rpWePh; ngUfp kyj;ijf; fopf;Fk;.

%yj;Jf;Fk; Rthrfhr Nuhfj;Jf;Fk; gj;jpaf; fwpahFk;. ,J fhkj;ij

tpUj;jp nra;J fz;fSf;F ey;y xspiaf; nfhLf;Fk;. Fuq;fpid gw;wp

mfj;jpah; $Wk;NghJ>

“fOj;Jldhk;> Mjp rq;fnkd;Wk; NgU

rfy fuhtz NKhj nkd;Wk; NgU
mOj;Jld;> muh kyhjpf nkd;Wk; NgU
mfythyp RNuhj nkd;wjw;Fg; NgU
eOj;Jld;> tpl;Zkha urnkd;Wk; NgU
eykjpNahd; kWGw nkd;wjw;Fg; NgU
kOj;Jld; khiy khlg;Gutp nad;Wk; NgU
khszhf;fh mwpe;jpL> Fuq;fpd; NgNu”8
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 667)
vd;wg; ghlypy; fOj;Jldhkjp> rq;fk;> fuhtz Nkhjk;> muhkyhjpfk;>

mfythyp> RNuhjk;> tpl;Zkhaurk;> eykjpahd;> kWGwk;> khiy>

khlg;Gutp Nghd;wg; ngah;fspy; Fuq;F miof;fg;gLtjhff;

Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.

3.4.2.5. rPj;jy;gpuhzp

rPj;jy;gpuhzp vd;gJ fhy;fshy; Nja;j;Jj; Nja;j;Jj; js;sp

Mfhuj;ijg; nghWf;fpr; rhg;gpLk;gbahd Nfhop> kapy;> fhil> nfsjhhp

Kjypatw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,jd; ,iwr;rpia cz;lhy; ,dpg;NghL

Jth;gG
; f; fye;j RitAilajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,J vspjpy; rPuzkhtJld;>

jphpNjhlj;ijf; fz;bj;Jg; gyj;ijf; nfhLf;Fk;. Njf ntg;gj;ijj;

jzpf;Fk;.

128
 “vl;lhd> eWq;fhil> Qhynkd;Wk; NgU
,ay;ghd> jpUf;filrpl;L> ehthQ;rfe;jhd; NgU
el;lhd> kyh;f;Fiof;fz;zndd;Wk; NgU
eykhd> kJtrpa ndd;Wk; NgU
ml;lhd> eyk; Nghjak; cjfe;jhndd;Wk; NgU
mUspNdhk;> kyk;ghd rhjp nad;Wk; NgU
njhl;lhd> njWk;gb khiy nad;Wk; NgU
njspthfr; nrhy;yptpl;Nlhk;> rpW fhilapd; NgNu”9
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 695)
vd;wg; ghlypy; rpWfhilapd; ngah;fshf eWq;fhil> Qhyk;> jpUf;fil

rpl;L> ehthQ;rfe;jhd;> kJ trpak;> eyNghjak;> cjfk;> kyk;ghd rhjp>

njWk;gb khiy Nghd;wg; ngah;fisf; $Wfpd;whh; mfj;jpah;.

3.4.2.6. tY%f;Fg;gpuhzp

tY%f;Fg;gpuhzp vd;gJ Gwh> fUq;FUtp> Ff;fpugl;rp

Kjypatw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,tw;wpd; ,iwr;rpiz cz;lhy; gpj;j

fgj;ijf; fz;bg;gJld; thAit cghp nra;Ak;. ,jd; Fzq;fs;

Kw;wpYk; rPj;jy; gpuhzp ,iwr;rpapd; Fzj;ij xj;jpUf;Fk;.

fUq;FUtpia>

“fhl;nld;wth;f;F> fUf;FWkhndd;Wk;
fUthd> top kwpr;f;rhndd;Wk; NgU
njhl;lhndd;w> ehl;L chpypaplnkd;Wk; NgU
mlkhd> ehy;jiya ndd;Wk; NgU
rl;nld;w> tpe;J kiog; nghopf;fad;Wk; NgU
rhh;thd> ntyq;fUq;Fonyd;Wk; NgU
ntl;nld;w> nthplf;fe;jndd;Wk; NgU
tpsf;fpNdhk;> mjPjkjha;> fUf;FUtpapd; NgNu”10
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 697)

129
vd;wg; ghlypy; fUf;FWkhd;> topkwpr;rhd;> ehl;L chpyp> ehy; jiyad;>

tpe;J kiog; nghopaf;fad;> ntyq;fUq;Foy;> nthplf;fe;jd; Nghd;w

ngah;fspy; miof;fpd;whh; mfj;jpah;.

3.4.2.7. ghAk;gl;rp

ghAk;gl;rp vd;gJ fOF> ,uh[hsp> fUld; Kjypatw;iwf;

Fwpf;Fk;. ,tw;wpd; ,iwr;rpia cz;lhy; Njfk; mjpf R+lhFk;.

gpj;jj;ij cghp nra;Ak;. nrhwp> rpuq;F> igj;jpak;> Jh;g;gyk;

Kjypatw;iw cz;lhf;Fk;.

3.4.2.8. kidg;gpuhzp

kidg;gpuhzp vd;gJ khL> nts;shL> Fjpiu> nrk;kwpahL

Kjypatw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,tw;wpd; ,iwr;rpia cz;lhy; ,dpg;Gr; Rit

ngw;wpUf;Fk;. ,J thAitf; fz;bg;gJld; fg gpj;jj;ij mjpfg;gLj;Jk;.

Fjpiuf;F toq;fg;gLk; NtW ngah;fshf mfj;jpah;>

“eynkd;w> Ntkg;ghpjnkd;Wk; NgU

ehf;fpjkhk;> ,Uthdpjk;> Nkfg;Gutjhnkd;wk; NgU
tyiknad;w NfrukhUj nkd;Wk; NgU
tskhd> Guthrgha nkd;Wk; NgU
myiknad;w> ghAq;fThp nad;Wk; NgU
mUspNdhk;> fhhp> tpfhhp nad;Wk; NgU
fyik nad;w> fq;nfhbak; vd;wjw;Fg; NgU
fUJif nad;wnjhU> Fjpiuapd; NgU”11
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 653)
vd;wg; ghlypy; gj;Jg; ngah;fisf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.

tpyq;fpdq;fspd; ,iwr;rpf; Fzj;ijg; nghJtpjpahff; $wpdhYk;

jdpj;jdpahf MuhAk; NghJ mjw;fhd kUj;Jt Fzq;fs; ntspg;gLk;.

130
 ahid ghY}l;b tifiar; rhh;e;j tpyq;fhFk;. epyj;jpy; thOk;

tpyq;Ffs; midj;jpYk; kpfg; nghpaJ ahid. tpyq;Ffspy; mjpf

ehl;fs; thof;$baJ ahid. ahid kpfTk; typikahdJ. rpy

Neuq;fspy; jdpahf tu NehpLk;NghJk;> fisj;j NghJk; rpq;fq;fs; jk;

$l;lj;NjhL Nrh;e;J kl;LNk nfhy;Yk;. jtpu> ahidfis ve;j tpyq;Fk;

Ntl;ilahLtjpy;iy. Mz; ahidiaf; fspW vd;Wk;> ngz; ahidiag;

gpb vd;Wk; $Wth;. ahidj; je;jj;ij Rl;Lg; nghb nra;J Njdpy;

fye;J jiyapy; GOntl;L Vw;gl;l ,lj;jpy; G+rpdhy; Kb Kisf;Fk;.

,yf;fpaj;jpYk; kUj;Jtj;jpYk; Foe;ijfs; kdjpYk; rpwg;gplk; ngw;w

ahidia mfj;jpah;>

“ahspkj kpUf nkd;W kjw;Fg; NgU

mlthd frfk;> fhle;Jk;gp> gpj;Jlhiz
fhsp> fhp> gjghhp nad;Wk; NgU
fUJfpNwhk;> tpf;fpdtpdhr nkd;Wk; NgU
khsp fztjpNuhT fankd;Wk; NgU
kfj;jhd tUf;fhrndd;Wk; NgU
thsp aj;jpuhjhsp vd;Wk; NgU
trdpj;Njhk; MizAl mjPjg; NgNu”12
(gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L> ghly; 565)
vd;wg; ghlypy; kjkpUfk;> frfk;> fhle;Jk;gp> gpj;Jlhiz> fhsp> fhp>

gjkhhp> tpf;fpd tpdhrfk;> fztjp NuhT fak;> tUf;fhrd;>

thspaj;jpuhjhsp vd;Dk; gjpndhU ngah;fs; ahidiaf; Fwpg;gjhff;

$Wfpd;whh;.

3.4.3. gQ;r fhtpa epfz;by; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s tpyq;fpd th;f;fq;fisg;

gpw epfz;LfNshL xg;gpLjy;
gQ;r fhtpa epfz;by; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s tpyq;fpd th;f;fq;fisg;

gpw epfz;LfNshL xg;gpl;L ml;ltizahfj; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

131
 t. caphpdq;fspd; R+lhkzp
gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L gpq;fy epfz;L
vz;. ngah;fs; epfz;L
1. ahid kjkpUfk;> frfk;> Jk;gp> Jk;gp> fhpzp> Njhy;>
fhle;Jk;gp> khjq;fk;> Rz;lhyp> Fk;gp>
gpj;Jlhiz> fhsp> fhp> J}q;fy;> Njhy;> fiwab> FQ;ruk;>
gjkhhp> tpf;fpd fiwab> gfL> fspW> G+l;if>
tpdhrfk;> fztjp vWk;gp> ck;gy;> fhp> khjq;fk;> tOit>
Ntok;> thuzk;> nkha;>
NuhT fak;> thuzk;> ck;gy;> vWk;gp> cth>
tUf;fhrd;> Giof;if> nghq;fb> je;jp> mj;jp>
thspaj;jpuhjhsp xUj;jy;> fbit> fak;> ehfk;>
(ghly; vz; 563) ty;tpyq;F> rpe;Juk;> J}q;fy;>
ehfk;> Fk;gp> epUkjk;>
ehy;tha;> Giof;if>ty;tpyq;F>
G+l;if> ehy;tha;> Gfh;Kfk;>
FQ;ruk;> kjhtsk;> je;jhtsk;>
fNuZ> mj;jp> kUz;kh> ifk;kh>
Ntok;> cth> ngUkh> kjkh> takh>
fhp> fak;> ke;jkh> kjfak;>
Mk;gy;> ,gk;>
fspW> ifk;ik Nghjfk;> fsgk; (45)
(24)
2. ahsp ijak;> vd;wpuhad;> ahsp> mWF> mWF> G+l;if
fUthj rfk;> G+l;if
Muhlrjk;>thykhbfk;>
elrghhpljk;>
nrk;glhhpfk;>klhjQ;rk;>
khtb> thuhzp (ghly;
vz; 562)
3. cLk;G (Jk;gp) tyhprNghjk;> khkywk;> jb> Kryp> Krypif> Nfhjh>
khJuhlk;> Nfhjh jb
,ul;ilehjf;Nfhsp>
Gilg;nghd;> ehypy;
eypilahs;>
kiytd;thrp>
kfhkd;dhlk;> rpfujk;>
Nkhdfj;jhs; (ghly;
vz; 674)
4. vUik Nkij> ngUe;jhdprd;> fhuhd;> tlit> fhuhd;> kfplk;> fthp>
NtkehUij> Mapu Nkjp> irhpgk;> fhuh> fhrh> irhpgk;>
khspif> Ngiag; fthp> fhuh> tlit> fatha;>
gpLq;fpath;> %hp> kfplk; Nkjp> %hp (10)
G+jthQ;rak;> fhKfd;>
fs;sd;> rhzthflk;
(ghly; vz; 641)
5. fhl;nlUik Ml;bdkhJz;ik> - -
Jf;fsk;>ntl;Lilahjp>
tl;lf;Nfhil>
tde;jphpths;> Mak;>
fhl;Nlhlq;fk;>
khlfj;jjPgjp>
Nridaplf; fU>
kbg;ig> Mfjk; (ghly;
vz; 643)

132
 t. caphpdq;fspd; R+lhkzp
gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L gpq;fy epfz;L
vz;. ngah;fs; epfz;L
6. gR tuT jaq;fk;> $yk;> Nfh> Nfh> ngw;wk;> epiu>
mf;fuhf;fdpahs;> Flk;> Rugp> M> FlQ;> Rl;L> NjD>
mKh;j %l;Lths;> epiu> NjD> Riu> gj;jpiu>
ghykph;jf;fdp> ngw;wk; fgpiy> Nrjh> M>
fhkRe;juk;> Rugp> Md;
thkj;Jilahs;>
ty;Nyhh;;f;fdpths;>
vy;yhg; GfOilahs;
(ghly; vz; 640)
7. nts;shL ehlff;fhpths;> nts;is> nts;is> tw;fhyp>
ePl;Lf;fjpNahd;> tw;fhyp> nfhr;ir (3)
md;dj;j KJil> nfhr;ir
thiff; Foyhs;>
ke;jfd;> tdf;fhpkh>
rpd;d rpw;fU>
nkfj;jOjthd; (ghly;
vz; 642)
8. fiykhd; rkhgjp> khdpilahs;> ,uiy> Fwpg;G ,y;iy
Ntjk; jphpthd;> tr;rkak;>
xl;lf;fh> fhpts;> Gy;tha;>
gha;e;Jl eq;if> vhp fUkhd;
Fw;wf;fhhp.
jtk;Ghpkhjh; (ghly;
vz; 645)
9. Ntq;ifg;Gyp G+jtuhsp> jQ;rz;lk;> ty;ypak;> Fwpg;G ,y;iy
mWjf;fs;> Ntq;if> takh>
Cuhfk;> Ml mj;jhsp> rpj;jpufhak;>
edpuhl Mlf;Nfhyk;> nty;Ykh>
khWthzp> ehpA+j cOit>
Mlfk;> rpWthzp gha;kh>
(ghly; vz; 646) tpahf;fpuk;>
juf;F>
Ntq;if>
Fathp>
rhh;j;J}yk;>
Gy;> Gz;lhPfk;>
nfhLthp
10. rpq;fk; Nyhfthkq;if> mhp> Msp> thshp> mhp>
MikNahlhq;fy;> tag;Nghj;J> kpUfhgjp> Nfhshp>
NtyhAjk;> Ntq;fpf; rPak;> mWF> fz;Butk;>
Fwpj;Njhd;> tpNtfk;> Nfrhp> G+l;if> gQ;rhddk;> rPak;>
jq;fk;> kpUfuhrd;> klq;fy;> Nfrhp>
jh;kNdhjakhd;> khrp> takh> Klq;Fis> mhpkh>
tpsf;nfhsp> rpq;fehW klq;fy;> tag;Nghj;J>
(ghly; vz; 647) fz;Butk;> gQ;refhAjk;> takh>
gQ;rhddd; tag;Gyp

133
 t. caphpdq;fspd; R+lhkzp
gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L gpq;fy epfz;L
vz;. ngah;fs; epfz;L
11. fOij Njrp> khjth;> thNyak;> Ntrhp> NfhF> fuk;>
ngUthad;> tpyhl fh;j;jgk;> thNygk;> fhstha;>
Guzpkk;> Ntrp> fhstha;> fh;j;jgk; (6)
tpilahd;> thdj;jhrp> mj;jphp> NrhF>
fhrpFlgjp> Ntrhp> fuk;
tz;zhdplj;jp>
rfl;Lf;fhl;b>
rg;ghtpis (ghly; vz;
644)
12. nre;eha; td;dhff; fUiz> tpUfk;> nfhf;F tpUfk;> nfhf;F>
fhl;Ltho; Gq;fk;> mz;bfk; (3)
jpUghtehlfk;>
Mbthy; mjPjk;>
jgNkjk;> khb thjPjk;>
thhpir> fz;zhaUlk;
(ghly; vz; 648)
13. fUeha; fhsNkhjfdk;> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
fUtbjhrk;>
epyf;fuUlk;> neQ;irg;
Gfths;>
re;jpNuhjakhlk;>
tQ;rdkhyp>
tJghhplk;> mde;jNth;>
Gak; (ghly; vz; 649)

14. G+id thdkhJUthid> ntUF> ntUF> kz;lyp>

kybf; fhZths;> mytd;> Xjp ,w;Gyp> tpyhsk;>
ghtNuhrid> gfj;jp> (XJ)> tplhufk;> gtdk;> Xjp>
rdkhJ> thjptq;fsk;> tpyhsk;> G+ir> khh;r;rhyk;> ghf;fd;>
Nfhu ePL> rhfhjak;> khh;r;rhyk;> G+ir> mytd;>
khyhJhprpdk; (ghly; ghf;fd;> ,w;Gyp tplUfk; (11)
vz; 650)

15. Fjpiu Ntkg;ghpjk;> ehf;fpjk;> ghp> Jufk;> ghp> ghlyk;> gha;kh>

,Uthhpjk;> ghlyk;> Gutp> mhp> fdtl;lk;>
Nkfg;Gutjhk;> fps;is> mj;jphp> Nfhuk;> thrp>
NfrukhUjk;> gha;kh> Juq;fk;> kh>
Guthrghak;> Jufjk;> thrp> fe;Jfk;> J}rp>
ghAq;fThp> fhhp> cd;dp> J}rp> ,Tsp> Jufk;>
tpfhhp> fq;nfhbak; fe;jUtk;> Jufjk;> Nfhlfk;>
(ghly; vz; 651) fw;fp> mhp> rape;jtk;> Nfhzk;>
mak;> ,Tsp> Fufjk;> fe;jUtk;>
kh> mr;Rtk;> fps;is> kz;byk;>
Gutp> Nfhuk;> fw;fp> mr;Rtk;>
Fufjk;> cd;dp> mak;>
Nfhzk;> nfhf;F> nfha;Ais>
nfhf;F> rbyk;> Fe;jk;>
nfha;Ais> fz;Zfk;> Nfhil>
rbyk;> Nfhil takh (34)
(24)

134
 t. caphpdq;fspd; R+lhkzp
gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L gpq;fy epfz;L
vz;. ngah;fs; epfz;L
16. xl;lfk; Neh;tsk;> jhNruk;> mj;jphp>
fOj;Njhlhsp> mj;jphp> neLq;fOj;jy;>
khNdhjamofpzp> neLq;fOj;jy; jhNrufk;> fdfjk;>
tl;lrpq;fpjk;> mathzk;> ,utzk;
thkj;Jlhpahk;> (6)
khh;Gsg;ndd;>
Kopf;fz;zhbj;jP>
fOEioah (ghly;
vz; 654)
17. Fuq;F fOj;Jldhkjp> rq;fk;> typKfk;> typKfk;> ftp>
fuhtzNkhjk;> fLtd;> kh;f;flk;> mhp>
muhkyhjpfk;> thduk;> mhp> thduk;> Nfhluk;>
mfythyp> RNuhjk;> ke;jp>gpytq;fk;> fPrfk;> Nfhyk;>
tpl;Zkhaurk;> Nfhfpyk;> gpytq;fk;> Njhuzk;>
eykjpNahd;> kWGwk;> Nfhluk;> A+fk;> ke;jp> A+fk;>
khiy khlg;Gutp kh;f;flk;> epue;juk;> ehfk; (14)
(ghly; vz; 655) ehfk;> ftp
18. mzpy; mzpahj;juq;fd;> thpg;Gwk;> thpg;Gwk;> ntspy;>
khLd;dpg;ghrk;> ntspy; ,Yij
mtNuhthiyak;>
mf;fhlr; nry;yp>
fz;ld;> mkNuhj;jpurk;>
Ntjpad; tPfk;>
euq;fhd tPW> jPq;fdpg;
G+iy (ghly; vz; 656)
19. gr;Nrhe;jp tr;rpe;jk;> nre;jpujk;> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
Fe;jpf; fiuNahd;>
%j;jthiu>
re;jpug;gl;ir>
rhh;thopthrk;>
KflkwpNahd;> thflg;
ghhp (ghly; vz; 657)

20. vyp fl;bkhjh;> rpfhp> MF> Fwpg;G ,y;iy

fz;Lz;ky;yp> ,Uk;gd;
Nkjpirf;Foyhs;>
me;jz m&gp>
mt;tNuhjak;> khj
R&gpjk;> khdruhrp
(ghly; vz; 660)
21. gy;yp ky;ypjhrp> ty;ypuhrd;> Gs;sp> nfTsp> Fwpg;G ,y;iy
eyyrluhrkhd;> Nfhfpyk;
nry;typrNghjk;>
nrz;gfty;yp> Kjpiu
kz;lk;> Kw;fk;>
thjpaiuNahd;>
khiytunrl;b (ghly;
vz; 659)

135
 t. caphpdq;fspd; R+lhkzp
gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L gpq;fy epfz;L
vz;. ngah;fs; epfz;L
22. ngUr;rhsp thspaq;fs;> fsjk;> Je;Jsk;> %bfk;> fsjk;>
tapuf;fdpe;jd;> MF> %bfk;> ce;JU
thhpioty;yp> mk;gpif ce;JU
Foyhs;> myjhrhyp>
kJiu khzpf;fk;>
NfrNkU> tpf;fsk;>
RNuhzpjk; (ghly; vz;
661)
23. fPhp kr;rk;> J}l;ba murd;> fhj;jphp> eFyk;> eFyk;> fhj;jphp> jPh;it
thyfz;l tiu> jPh;it
Kd;fdk;> rhgj;Njfpuhd;>
rhh;tpop ehrk;> thuk;>
kjghzp> ty;ypNahuk;>
ifNrtyk;rpj;jp>
kzpg;gps;is (ghly; vz;
664)
24. Kay; crNthh;f;fk;> rrk; rrk;> tak; (2)
trf;fhhpjk;>
NghJxsptPr;R>
nghl;lff;fWq;fk;>
mDaph;>
ghrKlj;jhrlk;>
gUtz;lg;G+z;L>
thrsp> thQ;rp (ghly;
vz; 673)
25. %Q;RW cj;jpud;> eq;frk;> Xh; RtT> Rz;ld;> Fwpg;G ,y;iy
Fapyz;lk;> Jiwahd;> RRe;jhp
kJiuthspiard;>
Nfhapy; Fbahd;>
Njthiykhjh;>
fdtpr;rhlk;>
NjtUzd;> JQ;ryp
(ghly; vz; 672)
26. Njthq;F glkhlhf;fdp> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
Xh;khe;J}q;fp>
gtdpthuhlk;>
thnyhsptf;fha;>
Nty;FQ;ruNud;>
thahnyiu> Kd;gpd;
njhq;fy;> KbfPoh
tz;zhd; (ghly; vz;
675)
27. Xzhd; Xe;J> xUgpb thad;> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
myj;j fz;ld;>
fUkhlf;fhhp> fhe;jhd
jha;> juh>
jhiyafz;lk;>
re;jhdj;jU>
klf;fdpahd;> jiy
ePl;luhrd;>
toptypg;GilNahd;
(ghly; vz; 658)

136
 t. caphpdq;fspd; R+lhkzp
gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L gpq;fy epfz;L
vz;. ngah;fs; epfz;L
gwitg; ngah;fs;
28. ehiu thuhkjpf; nfhq;fp> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
ehuhazpr;rjk;>
khy;kUjk;>
Mfhrg;gwit>
ngUk;Glrhyp>
gpJNuhfkhrp> Kid
Kjyhahrk;> KdpNthd;>
jtrp (ghly; vz; 676)
29. nfhf;F fdpr;rhhp> tf;f Fuz;lk;> Fuz;lk;> tyhfk;>
ty;yhhp> ey;y tyhfk;> gfk; gfk;
Jf;fdhrw;wp> J}jee;jp>
thiu> vd;kJkuhlk;>
Ntioahd;>
neWjiyahNdd;>
Xh;nfhf;fpdilahd;>
tay; Rw;wpj; jphpthd;>
$iu (ghly; vz; 677)
30. nts;isf;$sp vz;zf;$sp> re;jhd;> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
muhtlkhQ;rplk;>
ntz;ntspaq;fk;>
ejPjk;> jj;Jtf;$o;
kzj;jhd;> kJkq;flk;>
tnuhtq;fhdk;>
ml;lkhgjp>
mf;fuhrq;f ee;jd;
(ghly; vz; 679)
31. gUe;J kUe;J> Jizrhjp> Nrdk;> ghW> Nrdk;> fq;fk;>
nrUJ}iy> ghurpif> ghJ> ghurpif
ghyQ;rj;kyk;> fq;fk;
ehhpjhgk;> Mhpa
ehg%hp> tydhjp>
gUtQ;rk;> gq;ifg;
gSthd;> njhparpq;fp
(ghly; vz; 680)
32. nrk;gUe;J tk;g fhe;jk;> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
fUl;fhej;fe;jk;>
GNuhl;rk;> ehujrpq;fp>
fydkhgil> nfee;jh>
Fyf;Fhpik> Mrhd;>
$hpths;> Jl;lhe;jjd;
(ghly; vz; 681)
33. tpr;Rsp mr;Ropahjp> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
tr;rg;ghh;gil>
fr;Rf;fUtye;jhd;>
J}jhNshb>
tyk;tUk;thb>
vjphpg;gil Kwpe;jjhd;>
fyfnre;jad;>
fl;Lg;glhuQ;rd; (ghly;
vz; 682)

137
 t. caphpdq;fspd; R+lhkzp
gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L gpq;fy epfz;L
vz;. ngah;fs; epfz;L
34. rpWfhil eWq;fhil> Qhyk;> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
jpUf;filrpl;L>
ehthQ;rfe;jhd;>
kyh;f;Fiof;fz;zd;>
kJtrpak;>
eyk;Nghjak;>
cjfe;jhd;>
kyk;ghdrhjp> njWk;gb
khiy (ghly; vz;
683)
35. fhl;Lf;fhil tl;L> fl;Llhrk;> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
el;ltpU> jk;khdp>
khiyg;gil>
fl;btpl;ljP> tpl;nlhsp>
tpRtd;>tl;Nlhgspq;fk;>
rpj;jh;f;$sp>
rpWthy;gpwtp (ghly;
vz; 684)
36. fUq;FUtp fUf;FWkhd;> fQ;rdk;> fhhp> gps;is> fgpyk;>
topkwpr;rhd;> njhl;lhd;> fatha; fQ;rdk;> fatha;
ehl;L chpyp>
ehy;jiyad;>
tpe;Jkiog; nghopf;fad;>
ntyq;fUq;Foy;>
nthplf;fe;jd; (ghly;
vz; 685)
37. Ch;f;FUtp FUfhrp> fUfr;rpl;L> Fypq;fk;> Fwpg;G ,y;iy
tprpjk;> khspif rlfk;> Gypq;fk;
ths;gd;> cd;W
fe;jfd;>
mUsj;jr;rhuk;>
cr;Rf;fUthsp.
Ngr;Rf;fpilahd;>
kfhNkU> R+lr;ril>
mofpghyd;> nghpa
ghrk; (ghly; vz; 686)
38. J}f;fzhq;FUtp kQ;rNyhfak;> rpjfk; Fwpg;G ,y;iy
khypif>khz;lf;$d;W>
euk;ghd;>
fhJldpUf;fhd;>
thrpNahlhyp>
kfhrpj;jhld;>
khq;fpakhdtb>
mY}hpr;ruz; (ghly;
vz; 687)
39. fUq;$sp Nfhuf;Fk;gq;fk;> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
Kfukz;lyp>
Kfq;fhfk;khh;>
khq;fprjNkhh;>
gpzk;gpLq;fp>thWjpwk;>
klg;gRjp> ,Usrhjp>
J}sp (ghly; vz; 678)

138
 t. caphpdq;fspd; R+lhkzp
gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L gpq;fy epfz;L
vz;. ngah;fs; epfz;L
40. ,e;jpuf;Nfhgk; tdkhW> jk;gyg;G+r;rp> <ay;> %jh <ay;> %jh> jk;gyk;
rpyFf;fk;> uj;jq;fpjk;>
Nte;jh;gil>
gl;Lilahjp>
fhNkjfk;> fdthjpgk;
(ghly; vz; 632)
41. nfhR rl;ilg;GL> fd;whtpy; Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
R+Nohd;> jpotW kq;fk;>
Giujhz;bLths;> tiu
fle;jhjp> gilKwpths;>
ge;jpaq;fs; $Wths;>
gl;ra khjh; (ghly; vz;
639)
G+r;rpapdq;fs;
42. fUq;Fstp tpq;fpjuhjk;> fjph;> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
nrq;if> xspjk;>
ifnahj;j ehyp thb>
klf;fdptha;>
tpilae;jfk;>
KUeilG+jp>
Muhlkq;fk; (ghly;
vz; 633)
43. nrq;Fstp fy;thrk;> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
fLg;GNjhd;Wthd;>
thrkhdNkae;jk;>
nkhfj;jhUlk;> %jz;l
KLq;fdy;>
tpg;gurq;fk;>
nfhl;Ltplf;fhyp>
Mfhkhjfk; (ghly;
vz; 634)
44. Roy;tz;L ePh;r;Royts;> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
ryRoYs;Nshd;>
nfhstp> rjhk;> nfhq;if
gtdp> fzpjk;>
ruhrujhq;fp>
jz;zPh;f;fiu> fiygtdp
tUthd;> eldr; Royhs;
(ghly; vz; 635)
45. fUtz;L fl;lhdfhy;> fhUk;gjp> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
thnlhq;fp>je;J}&khgjp>
me;jzk;> tyq;fpjk;>
NjtG+jk;> khjR&gp
(ghly; vz; 632)
46. jpifg;G+r;rp khe;jp> kaf;fp> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
Gj;jpke;jk;> Fzk;gho;>
milatq;fk;>
ehylkQ;rp>
xl;lj;jhypld;> khNkU
GypAilNahd;>
rj;jtisad;>kfntl;L
(ghly; vz; 636)

139
 t. caphpdq;fspd; R+lhkzp
gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L gpq;fy epfz;L
vz;. ngah;fs; epfz;L
Ch;td
47. kutl;il tl;ilr;ruk;> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
mlkhjpNygk;>
fz;lr;rpulk;>
gw;rdNjw;fk;>
J}lJ}yk;>
thilgpusk;>
mq;fg;gpusp> thfhd
fl;il> fYj;jhd;
(ghly; vz; 666)

48. ml;il fbfd;dp> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy

rd;Wg;GLq;fhd;> rj;j
ehuhrk;>
rjf;Nfhl;LNthd;>
thsp> tijAlnkhlh>
mUf;fp> ehsp (ghly;
vz; 662)
49. nra;ahd; taew;fdJa;Nahd;> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
fbtpre;jhd;>
mhptpre;jPz;b>
vhpahUltrk;>
kWkz;lypfk;>
rfyfythQ;ir>
rj;jNghlk;> Fg;gf;$sp
(ghly; vz; 667)
50. ehfg;ghk;G epyg;ghrk;> %h;ff
; d; Fwpg;G ,y;iy
mwf;fdpahd;>
mjptpre;jPz;b>
jpUk;ghf;fb>
tUeq;fd;> tprkjpthhp>
gpuk R+uhq;fk;>
gpbahDiotpop (ghly;
vz; 668)

51. rhiug;ghk;G thybf;fz;ld;> Jz;lk;> Jz;lk;> ,yQ;rp

itj;Jz;ik> ,uhrpyk;
kwRe;jf;fhud;>
Ntjj;Jlq;fd;>
,Uklkhyp> khUjg;
nghopahd;> klthQ;ir>
khNuhjpak;gd; (ghly;
vz; 669)
52. gr;irg;ghk;G nrb> kPd;> fNuhjp> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
nfj;ij> fUk;ge;js;>
gr;irtbths;>
ntiynahsp>
Mjptrd; ehrp>
ej;jg;ghpNahd;>
jpUtbrepyk;> Njrurd;
(ghly; vz; 670)

140
 t. caphpdq;fspd; R+lhkzp
gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L gpq;fy epfz;L
vz;. ngah;fs; epfz;L
53. fUehfk; fhyfz;lk;> fUthjp> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
,iwQ;rk;> tUlthsp>
NkfuQ;rk;>
vl;Lahff;fbg;ghd;>
rQ;rPtpf; fhz;lk;>
fy;fz;L>
mlj;jpf;fhsk; (ghly;
vz; 671)
54. rpye;jp Nyfp> jq;fpujk;> cY}ij rpyk;gp> cY}ij>
kNdhjak;> jfpjk;> fhtd;
thkk;> G+jufpjk;>
thjke;jk;>
Nridf;fpuhjk; (ghly;
vz; 630)
55. Kl;ilr;rpye;jp Klf;fdptop> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
%lhjpae;jk;> tuxsp>
ghrg;gjpf;fdp khld;>
NuhifAilNahd;>
rlj;jhhpir>
Kl;ilfpNyhjk;>
kz;ilkhUjp (ghly;
vz; 637)
ePh;tho;td
56. rpg;gp Kj;J Fz;L rpg;gp> FW rpg;gp> Fwpg;G ,y;iy ,g;gp> Rj;jp
cNyhf rpg;gp> thy;
rpg;gp> thj;jk;> tf;f
rpg;gp> Kj;J rpg;gp> tl
rpg;gp> G+e;jk;> G+r;rp
Kj;J (ghly; vz; 290)
57. rhjp Kj;J KUfgk;> mUfge;jhd;> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
%jz;l rPh; kuk;>
Fj;jrp> rpiuf;fp Kj;J>
mjplfk;>
MytUKj;J> tPuKj;J
(ghly; vz; 291)
58. gyfiw (Nrhop) fd;dk;> mq;Fahrk;> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
fhah> MjUahd;>
jUah> mj;jpf;fuk;>
mythF> md;dk;>
tR+lh> J}ah> kd;dk;>
kh$jh (ghly; vz;
326)
59. kPd; ryrhjuq;fk;> kapiy> kw;rk;> kapiy> khd;> kr;rk;>
rhj;Jzpkhjh> Goy; kPdk;> Goy;
rl;bapnyhhpNahit>
rfy thf;Fjtp>
tpj;jkhjd;>
tPLz;zrha;>
fhhpak;gyj;jp>
ehtsNehf;fp (ghly;
vz; 663)

141
 t. caphpdq;fspd; R+lhkzp
gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L gpq;fy epfz;L
vz;. ngah;fs; epfz;L
60. gtok; Crpahkh Kf;F> Fwpg;G ,y;iy Fwpg;G ,y;iy
muhrpa me;jk;>
crpjkhJ> fhkk;>
Jk;G> ,ypq;fk;> tlk;>
tq;fj;J}Wrk;>
tf;fzk;> gjpf;flfk;
(ghly; vz; 285)

KbTfs;

fhl;by; thOk; tpyq;Ffs; jhtuq;fis cz;Zk;NghJ

,aw;ifahfNt kUj;Jtj; jd;ikAila Ntjpapay; nghUl;fs;

mt;tpyq;Ffspd; cliy milfpd;wJ. rpj;jkUj;Jtj; Jiwapd;

Kd;Ndhbahd mfj;jpah; ,k;Kiwia ed;F fz;lwpe;J kUe;J kw;Wk;

gad;jUk; jhtu – tpyq;fpdq;fis jdJ ghly;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.

rpj;jh;fs; kUe;jpd; ngah;fisAk; nra;KiwfisAk; ghpghirfspy;

tpsf;Ffpd;wdh;. mfj;jpah; mg;ghpghirr; nrhw;fisnay;yhk; xd;W jpul;b

njhFj;J toq;fpAs;sJ Nghd;W gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L mike;Js;sJ.

jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk; tpyq;fpdq;fspd; ngah;fis kl;Lky;yhky; mtw;wpd;

gad;fSk; epfz;by; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

gQ;r fhtpa epfz;by; cs;s caphpdq;fs; ,uz;L tifahfg;

gphpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. xd;W jhtu ,dk;> kw;nwhd;W tpyq;fpdk;.

tpyq;fpdq;fis KJnfYk;Gs;sit> KJnfYk;G mw;wit vd ,uz;L

tifahfg; gphpf;fyhk;. KJnfYk;G cs;sitfspy; ,Utho; caphpdk;>

Ch;td> gwg;gd> ghY}l;bfs;> kPd; Nghd;wit mlq;Fk;. KJnfYk;G

mw;witfspy; fly;ghrpfs;> GOf;fs;> fZf;fhypfs;> G+r;rpfs;> G+uhd;fs;>

nky;Ylypfs; Nghd;wit mlq;Fk;.

142
 itj;jpa fhz;lk; vd;Dk; ehd;fhk; fhz;lj;jpy; fhl;by;

tsh;e;Js;s %ypiffspd; ngah;fisj; njhFj;J mspj;Js;s hh;

mfj;jpah;. mk;%ypiffspd; ngaUk;> mjd; jhtutpay; ngaUk;

njhFj;J ml;ltizahfj; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

,t;Tyfpy; kdpjh;fSf;F czTf;fhfg; gad;gLk; tpyq;fpdq;fs;

gy ,Uf;fpd;wd. mit ,uz;L tifg;gLk;. xd;W ePh; tho;td>

kw;nwhd;W epy tho;td. ePhpy; thOk; tpyq;Ffis rPjg; gpuhzp> Gdy;

gwit> kiwg;gpuhzp> kPd; vd;w ehd;F tiffspy; mlf;fyhk;. epyj;jpy;

thOk; tpyq;Ffis tdg;gpuhzp> ghjhsg;gpuhzp> Fifg;gpuhzp>

kQ;rfg;gpuhzp> rPj;jy;gpuhzp> tY%f;Fg;gpuhzp> ghAk;gl;rp> kidg;gpuhzp

vd;w vl;L tiffspy; mlf;fyhk;. gQ;r fhtpa epfz;by;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s tpyq;FfSf;F toq;fg;gLk; gy;NtW ngah;fs;

#lhkzp epfz;L kw;Wk gpq;fy epfz;by; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s

tpyq;Ffspd; ngah;fNshL xg;gpl;L ml;ltizahfj; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.

gQ;r fhtpa epfz;by; cs;s jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk;

tpyq;fpdq;fSila Fwpg;Gfs; ekJ ghuj ehl;bd; gy;Yaph; ngUf;fk;

(Biodiversity) gw;wp mwpa kpfTk; cWJizahf cs;sJ. ,d;W

kUj;Jtj; Jiwapy; jhtuk; kw;Wk; tpyq;fpdq;fspd; (Ethnobotany and

ethnozoology) cly; cWg;Gfspy; ,Ue;J cUthFk; gy caph;

Ntjpapay; nghUl;fis (Secondary metabolites) mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

nra;ag;gLk; gy kUe;Jfspd; nray;jpwid> kUj;Jtg; gz;ig epfz;L

njspthff; $WfpwJ.

,t;tpaypy; $wg;gLk; kUj;Jt FzKila jhtuk; kw;Wk;

tpyq;fpdq;fis vspjhf milahsk; fz;L mitfspy; ,Ue;J kUe;J

143
jahhpf;f kpfTk; gaDilajhf gQ;r fhtpa epfz;L mikfpd;wJ.

epfz;by; $wg;gl;Ls;s rpy jhtuq;fspd; gpwg;gplk; Nkiy ehl;by;

,Ue;J te;jJ vd Njhd;wpdhYk; mfj;jpahpd; fhyj;jpy; mitfs;

,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;jJ vd;gJ njspthfj; njhpfpd;wJ. mjd;gpd;Ng> ntsp

ehl;bw;F vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;L gpd;G> gy fhyk; fopj;J ,e;jpahtpw;F

te;J ,Uf;fyhk; vd;w mwptpay; fUj;ij Muha ,e;epfz;by;

fhzg;gLk; jhtuq;fs; cjTfpwJ.

kUj;Jt FzKila kuq;fshd Ntk;G> mj;jp> My;> muR

Nghd;witfisg; gw;wpaf; Fwpg;Gfs; ,y;iy. ,f;fUj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;

mfj;jpah; kuq;fisf; fhl;bYk; nrb nfhbfisNa jk; kUj;Jtj;jpw;F

mjpfkhfg; gad;gLj;jpAs;sJ njhpfpd;wJ.

rpj;j kUj;Jt Fwpg;Gfspy; fhzg;gLk; kUj;Jt FzKila

jhtuq;fs; epfz;bYk; ,lk;ngw;W ,Ug;gJ> mfj;jpah; Fwpg;gpLk;

jhtuq;fspd; kUj;Jt jd;ikia cWjpgLj;Jk; tpjkhf mike;Js;sJ.

144