ew;nra;jp

Nghuhsp gTy;
“clypy; ijj;j Ks;” (2 nfhupe;jpau; 12:7-
9): ,iwapay; rpe;jidfs;

k. tptpd; Nuhl;hpf;]; OCD

 ed;wpAld;
“clypy; ijj;j Ks;” (2 nfhupe;jpau; 12:7-9): jkpof jpUmitf;fhd xU
R+oikT thrpg;G vd;w jiyg;gpy; ehd; Ma;T nra;a vd;id cw;rhfg;gLj;jp>
,e;j E}iy ey;y Kiwapy; mika vdJ rpe;jidfis rPHgLj;jp gy
jpUj;jq;fs; je;J topfhl;ba mUs;gzp. KidtH ikf;fpy; uh[; nr.
mtHfSf;F vd; kdkhHe;j ed;wpiaj; njhptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwd;.

,e;j E}iy ehd; vOJk; NghJ vdf;F cw;rhf%l;ba vk; fhHnky;

rigapd; jkpof kiw khepyj; jiytH NguUs;gzp. Nerkzp fh.r.
mtHfSf;Fk; kiw khepy MNyhrfHfs; midtUf;Fk;> rpwg;ghf>
mUs;gzp cUthf;f nghWg;ghsH mUs;gzp. tpkyd; [hd; Ngh];Nfh fh.r.
mtHfSf;Fk; ed;wp. vd; Ma;tpy; mf;fiwf; nfhz;L cjtpa fhHnky;
,iwapay; fy;Y}hpapd; jiyikj; je;ij mUs;gzp. ,Ujauh[; fh.r.
mtHfSf;F ed;wp. ,e;j E}Yf;fhd fUg;nghUisg; gw;wp rpe;jpf;fj; J}z;ba
vk; Kd;dhs; ,af;FeH mUs;gzp. ngh;f;khd;]; mUs;jh]; fh.r.
mtHfSf;F neQ;rk; epiwe;j ed;wpia chpj;jhf;FfpNwd;. vk; FOkj;jpy;
cs;s midj;J mUs;gzpahsHfs;> mUs;rNfhjuHfs; MfpNahUf;Fk; vd;
csk; fdpe;j ed;wpia chpj;jhf;fpf; nfhs;fpNwd;.

,e;j E}Yf;F Njitahd E}y;fisj; je;J cjtpa Gdpj gTy;

,iwapay; epWtdj;jpd; E}yfg; nghWg;ghsH mUs;gzp. KidtH My;gHl;
m. mtHfSf;Fk;> E}yf cjtpahsHfs; jpU. mKjd; kw;Wk; jpUkjp.
nla;rp MfpNahUf;Fk;> fzpzpahf;fk; nra;J nfhLj;j jpUkjp. [hd;rp
mtHfSf;Fk; vd; ,jak; fdpe;j ed;wpiar; rkHg;gpf;fpNwd;. ,e;jf;
fl;Liuf;fhd jahhpg;gpw;F E}y;fs; gy toq;fpa mUs;gzp. rfhauhR
Y}HJrhkp kw;Wk; mUs;gzp KidtH NaR fUzhepjp mtHfSf;Fk; ed;wp.

jq;fspd; ,iwNtz;lypdhYk; cw;rhfj;jhYk; vk;NkhL; cld;

gazpf;Fk; vk; ngw;NwhH jpU. khpa N[hrg;> jpUkjp. fNuhypd; mtHfSf;F
ed;wp.

1
 ,Wjpahf Mdhy; cWjpahf> KjYk; KbTkha; ,Uf;Fk;
,iwtDf;F ed;wpia etpy;fpd;Nwd;.

,e;j E}iy epidtpy; thOk; vk; nghpag;gh mUs;gzp. Nlhkpdpf; epHky;

FkhH fh.r. mtHfSf;Fk; gTiy Nghy Jzpe;J ew;nra;jpg; gzpahw;Wk;
midj;J ey;y cs;sq;fSf;Fk; mHg;gzpf;fpNwd;.

Kd;Diu

gTy; kl;Lky;y khwhf gTypd; vOj;JfSk; tpag;ghdit. Gjpa

Vw;ghl;by; ,jw;fhd juTfis ehk; ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;. NgJU vOjpa ,uz;lhk;
jpUklypy;> gTYila ,iwapay; jtwhf Gupe;J nfhs;sg;gLk; vd;fpw
mr;rj;ij NgJU gjpT nra;fpd;whu; (2 NgJU 3:15-16). vdpDk;> gTypd;
,iwapaYk; ,iw ek;gpf;ifAk; mtUila ,iwvz;z miyfSk;
njhlf;f fhy jpUmitiag; ghjpj;jd. njhlf;ffhy jpUmitf;F gTypd;
,iwapay; cukpl;lJ> cUf;nfhLj;jJ> cau;j;jpaJ> Xq;fp xypj;jJ vd;gJ
fz;$L. jpUj;J}ju; gTy; nrhd;d ‘clypy; ijj;j Ks;’ vDk; $w;W Mo;e;j
,iwapay; Nehf;fKk;> khDltpay; ghu;itAk;> gzptho;tpd; gSitAk;
cstpay; Vf;fq;fisAk; mUs; tho;tpd; Mjq;fq;fisAk;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ vd;w vz;zk; mijg; gw;wpa Ma;Tf;F ek;ik ,l;Lr;
nry;fpwJ.
‘cly;’> ‘Ks;’> ‘mUs;’ vd;w %d;W gTypd; nrhw;fisAk; ,d;iwa
vjhu;j;jq;fNshL curpg; ghu;g;gNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fk;. tptpypag;
ghlq;fspy; Gupe;J nfhs;tjw;F rw;Wf; fbdkhd gFjpfspy; xd;W> 2
nfhupe;jpau; 12:7-9 (“clypy; ijj;j Ks;”) vd;Dk; ghlkhFk;. jpUmit
je;ijau;fSk; mUs; tho;T newpahsu;fSk; tptpypa nghUs;Nfhspay;
mwpQu;fSk; gy;NtW nrhy;yha;T tpsf;fq;fisAk; Gupjy;fisAk;
tbj;jpUf;fpd;whu;fs;. ,e;j tptpypag; gFjpapy; Ma;T nra;tJ tptpypa
cyfpw;F Gjpjhd xd;wy;y. Mdhy;> ,e;j tptpypag; ghlj;ij tpku;rdf;

2
fz;Nzhl;lj;NjhL xU R+oikT thrpg;G nra;a> jkpof jpUmitapd;
R+oikNthL curpg; ghu;f;f KidfpNwd;.
gTy; jd; gzp tho;tpd; cr;rj;jpy;> jd; gzpapy; ,d;dYw;whu;
vd;gijAk; mtUila kdg;Nghuhl;lKk; cly; tYf;FiwTk; jhd;
Vw;gLj;jpa jpUmitfspy; ,Ue;j gpsTfSk; Nghuhl;lq;fSk; mtUf;F
kpFe;j typiaj; je;jd vd;gJk; cz;ik. Madpd; Nka;g;Gg; gzpapy;> xU
jpUj;J}jupd; ew;nra;jpg; gzpapy;> xU gzpahsupd; mUs;gzpfspy; tUfpd;w
Jd;gq;fs;> Nghuhl;lq;fs;> rthy;fis Fwpj;J ,it tpdh vKg;Gfpd;wd.
,e;j E}ypNy> ‘cly;’ vd;w gjk;> jpUmitapd; kiwAlyhfTk;
‘Ks;’ vd;w gjk;> ,d;iwa jpUmit re;jpf;fpd;w rthy;fisAk;
rWf;fy;fisAk; jpUmitapd; kiwAliy fhag;gLj;Jk; Kl;fshf ghu;f;f
KbAkh vd Ma;T nra;Js;Nsd;. gTypd; cliy ijj;j Ks; mtUf;F
fpilj;j ntspg;ghLfspy; jw;ngUik ghuhl;lhJ ,Uf;f jho;rr
; pAld;
gzpahw;w flTs; nfhLj;jJ vd;Dk; fUj;Jk; cz;L. ,jd;gb ghu;f;fpd;w
NghJ> ek; epWtd ikaj; jpUmit jd;idNa jho;rr
; pAld; gzpahw;w
miog;gpidg; ngWfpwJ.
Ks; - cly; Mfpa ,U nrhw;fspd; tptpypar; nrhy;yha;itAk;
vt;thnwy;yhk; ,e;jr; nrhw;fs; gioa kw;Wk; Gjpa Vw;ghl;by;
gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd vd;gijAk; gpd;dzpahf itj;J xU R+oikT
thrpg;ig nra;a Kidfp;Nwd;. r%fj; jsj;jpypUe;J> rkaj; jsj;jpypUe;J>
cstpay; jsj;jpypUe;J> fpwpj;jt cUthf;fj; jsj;jpypUe;J ek;
jpUmitia fhag;gLj;Jk; jPikfs; midj;JNk jpUmitapd; clypy;
ijj;j Kl;fs; vdf; $w ,aYkh? epWtdj;jd;ik> mjpfhu gyk;> nry;tr;
nropg;G> rhjpak;> td;nfhLikfs;> ghypay; KiwNfLfs; ,itnay;yhk;
,d;W clyhfpa jpUmitia ijj;Jf;nfhz;NlapUf;fpd;wd vd;W
nrhy;tJ rhpah? ,it ek; FLk;gq;fs;> gq;Fj; jsq;fs; kw;Wk; ek;
r%fj;jpYk; jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd vd;gij gTypd; Jd;gq;fNshL
xg;gpl KbAkh? gTypd; ‘clypy; ijj;j Ks;’ vd;w $w;wpy; gTypd;
vz;zk;> gfpHT> mDgtk; vJ vdf; $w KbAkh?

3
 ,Wjpahf> cly; kw;Wk; Ks; vd;w ,e;j ,uz;L vjpu; vjpu; gjq;fis
xg;Guthf;Fk; ‘mUs;’ vd;w gjk; gTyhy; vLj;jhsg;gLtJ Nghy ,e;E}ypy;
‘mUis’g; Gupe;Jf; nfhs;sTk; milaTk; thrfu;fSf;F jPu;itj; ju
Kay;fpNwd;.

4
 ew;nra;jpapd; gzpahsuhf Gdpj gTy;

Gdpj gTypd; mwpKfkhdJ jpUtptpypaj;jpy; jpg 7:58-y; jhd; Kjy;

Kjyhf nfhLf;fg;gLfpwJ. mJTk; fpwp];JTf;fhf Kjy; kiwrhl;rpahf
nfhy;yg;gLk>; ];Njthd; nfhiyapy; cld;gLgtuhf gTy; fhl;lg;gLfpwhH.
,q;F cld;gLjy; vd;gJ KOikahf me;j ghjf nraYf;F> mjhtJ
me;j nfhiyf;F mtNu nghWg;G. ,q;F ];Njthd; NkYk; ,NaRtpd; NkYk;
Rkj;jg;gl;l mNj ngha; Fw;wr;rhl;il itf;fpwhh;fs;. mtUk; ,NaRitg;
NghyNt jd;id nfhy;fpwth;fSf;fhf ,iwtdplk; kd;whb jdJ capiu
tpLfpwhh;. ,g;gb fpwpj;jth;fis nfhd;W nfhz;bUe;j rTy; jk];F
mDgtj;jpw;F gpd;G jdJ miog;ig gw;wp $Wk; NghJ fyh. 1:15,y; jdJ
miog;ghdJ jhapd; fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; NghNj nfhLf;fg;gl;l miog;ghf
fhl;Lfpwhh;.NkYk; jdJ miog;ghdJ flTsplkpUe;J te;jJ vd;Wk;
rpwg;ghd gzpf;fhf Kd; Fwpj;J itf;fg;gl;lhJ vd;Wk; $Wfpwhh;.ew;nra;jp
mwptpg;gNj> mjhtJ ,NaRit mwptpg;gNj ,tuJ rpwg;G gzp.
,tuJ miog;Gf;fhd fhuzk; my;yJ Nehf;fk; vd;W ghh;j;jhy; gpw ,dj;J
fpwpjjtHfSf;fhd ew;nra;jpg; gzpahsuha; ,Ug;gNj. ,e;j gzpia
rhpahfTk; njspthfTk; nra;jhh; NkYk; jdf;F nfhLf;fg;gl;l gzpahd
ew;nra;jp mwptpgig nra;ahtpl;lhy; INah vdf;F NfL vd;fpwhh; (1nfhhp.
9:16). jdJ tho;thy; ew;nra;jpia mwptpj;J te;jhh;. ,e;j ew;nra;jp
mwptpg;Gg; gzp vd;gJ Kbe;j xU gzp my;y khwhf mJ
ek;gpf;ifahsh;fshy; ,d;Wk; njhlh;fpd;w xU gzp jpUj;J}jH gzpfs;
E}ypy; epiwtpy; ghh;j;jhYk;> Gdpj gTy; cNuhikapy; ew;nra;jp mwptpj;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;fpwhh; vd;Nw ,Uf;Fk;. MfNt ,g;gzp ,d;Wk; njhlh;fpd;w xU
gzp ek;khy; njhlu Ntz;ba xU gzp.NkYk; ew;nra;jp mwptpg;G gzpahdJ
Gdpj gTy; vOjpa jpUKfq;fspd; topahfTk; ,d;Wk; njhlh;e;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;fpw xU gzp.
fyh 1:15 jdJ miog;ig gw;wp NgRfpw gTy; jdJ gzpf;fhd
,yf;F vd;d vd;gjpYk; njspthf ,Ue;jhh;.jdJ gzp tho;tpw;fhf %d;W
tpjkhd ,yf;F itj;jpUe;jhh;.

5
 ,Jtiu flTspd; ew;nra;jp A+jh;fSf;F kl;LNk gpw,dj;jhUf;fy;y
vd;gjpy; A+jh;fs; njspthf ,Ue;jhh;fs;. Gdpj gTy; flTspd;
ew;nra;jpahdJ vy;NyhUf;FkhdJ vd;gjpy; cWjpahf ,Ue;jhh; NkYk;
mjw;F jPh;T fhz vUrNyk; rq;fj;ij $l;lr; nra;J mjpfhu
G+h;tkhf;fpdhh;.
,uz;lhtjhf> jpUr;rl;lj;jhy; my;y flTspd; md;gpdhNy kPl;G
vd;gjpYk; njspthf ,Ue;jhh;. ,Jtiu A+jHfspilNa epytpa ek;gpf;if
vd;dntd;why; jpUr;rl;lj;ij KOikahf filgpbg;gJNghJk; mJNt
kPl;Gf;F cWjp vd;w kdg;ghq;Nf ,Ue;jJ. gTYk; mijNa
ek;gpapUe;jhh;.gpd; ehSf;F ehs; mth; njspT ngw;whh;.%d;whtjhf> fpwpj;J
topahfNt kPl;G jpUr;rl;lj;jhy; my;y vd;w njspit ngw;whH.
gTy; Nkw;nfhz;l gzp nray; jpl;lq;fs;
jd; gzp ,yf;if miltjw;Fg; gTy; Nkw;nfhz;l nray; jpl;lq;fs;
Kf;fpakhdit.Gdpj gTy; jdf;nfd;W nray; xU jpl;lj;ij tFj;Jf;
nfhz;lhh;.Kjyhjtjhf gTy; vy;yh ehLfSf;Fk; nry;ytpy;iy> vy;yh
kf;fspdj;jhhplKk; nry;ytpy;iy. jk;khy; nry;y Kbe;j ,lq;fSf;F
kl;LNk nrd;whh; NkYk; nrd;w ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; rpWr;rpW
jyj;jpUmitfis Vw;gLj;jpdhh;.rpWr;rpW jyj;jpUmit vd;gJ mth;fsJ
gz;ghL> fyhr;rhuk; njhlh;GgLj;jpa jpUmit>kf;fSf;F Vw;whh; Nghy;
cs;s jpUmit NkYk; ,y;yj; jpUmitfisAk; cUthf;fpdhh;.mtuJ
ew;nra;jp mwptpg;G vd;gJ xU rhl;rpakhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W
vjph;ghh;j;jhh;. mjhtJ jdJ vLj;Jf;fhl;lhd tho;thy; cyif CLUtp
cUkhw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw vjph;ghh;j;jhh;.
gTypd; J}Jiug; gzp
,NaR rPlUf;F nfhLj;j Kf;fpa gzp J}Jiug; gzp;, ew;nra;jp mwptpg;G
gzp. (Kg;gzpfs; - Nghjpf;Fk; gzp> topfhl;Lk; gzp> Gdpjg;gLj;Jk; gzp).
(jpg 2: 42) mtu;fs; jpUj;J}ju; fw;gpj;jypYk;> el;GwtpYk; mg;gk; gpLtjpYk;
,iwNtz;lypYk; cWjpaha; epiyj;jpUe;jhu;fs;.,NaR rPlUf;F nfhLj;j
,Wjp mwptpg;G> nrd;W ew;nra;jpia mwptpAq;fs;. (Go and Preach).ehk;
midtUk; ew;nra;jpapd; cupikahsu;fs; my;y> khwhf ew;nra;jpia
vLj;Jiug;gtu;fs;.ehk; Kjypy; ew;nra;jpia Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;>
6
mwptpf;fNtz;Lk;> ,Wjpapy; kdk; khw Ntz;Lk;.jdJ gzpia tho;thYk;
rhl;rpaj;ijAk; tho;e;J fhl;bdhu; gTy;.J}Jiug;gzp vd;gJ jdf;F
ek;gpf;if Vw;gLj;jp epiyg;ghL Vw;gLj;JtJ vd;gij gTy;
czHe;jpUe;jhH(cNuhikau; 1:1). flTspd; md;igg; ngw;W ,iwkf;fshf
miof;fg;gl;Ls;s cNuhik efu; kf;fs; midtUf;Fk; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd;
gzpahsdhf miog;G ngw;wtDk; flTspd; ew;nra;jpg; gzpf;F vd xJf;fp
itf;fg;gl;ltDkhfpa gTy; vOJtJ.,t;thW gTy; jhd; ahu; vd;gij
njspthf mwpKfg;gLj;Jfpwhu;
ew;nra;jpf;Fr; rhtpYk; rhd;W
fp.gp 67y; ifJ nra;ag;gl;L ePNuh kd;dd; fhyj;jpy; kuz jz;lidg;
ngw;whH. vdNt gTy; nrd;w ,lnky;yhk; mthpd; ,uj;jj;jpw;F rhl;rpahf
fpwp];jtk; tsHe;jJ. ,jpy; NgJUTk; gTYk; gyj; Jd;GWj;Jjy;fSf;F
milahskhf ,q;F fhzg;gLfpd;wd. Gdpj gTypd; ,wg;Gg; gw;wpaj; jfty;
tptpypaj;jpy; fhzg;gltpy;iy vd;whYk; gy;NtW cly; rhHe;j> kdk;
rhHe;j Ntjid%yk; cNuhikapy; kiw rhl;rpahf khpj;jhH vd;gJ kuG.
gTybahhpd; Jd;gKk; Mgj;Jk; epiwe;j gazq;fs;
gTybahhpd; gazq;fs; ngUk;ghYk; fg;gy; gazq;fshfNt
,Ue;jpUf;fpd;wJ. Fiwthd trjp nfhz;l me;j fhyj;jpy; fg;gy; gazk;
rpukkhfTk;> Mgj;J epiwe;jjhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. me;j jilfisAk;>
Mgj;ijAk;> capiuAk; nghUl;gLj;jhky; mtH ew;nra;jp gzp Mw;wpajw;F
fhuzk;> MHKk;> epiyghLk; kw;Wk; ,iw ek;gpf;ifAk;jhd;. A+j gw;whsuhf>
A+j ntwpNahL tho;e;j xU egH ew;nra;jpapd; kPJs;s MHtj;jhy>
kdkhw;wkile;J ,e;j msTf;F gzp nra;tJ vd;gJ epr;rak; mJ xU
flTspd; Ntiyg;ghL my;yJ jpahfk; vdyhk;.
gTybahhpd; ew;nra;jp gzp vd;gJ gzj;ij ikag;gLj;jpa gzp my;y>
khwhf> mtH cioj;j gzj;ijNa ew;nra;jp gzpf;fhfTk; jd;NdhL cld;
cioj;jtHfSf;fhfTk; gad;gLj;jpdhH. (jpg 20:33-34).ew;nra;jp gzpf;fhf
jdJ gzj;ijAk;> cld; ciog;ghsHfspd; gzj;ijAk; kw;Wk;
kf;fsplkpUe;Jk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L gzpnra;jhH.

7
nfhhpe;J jpUmit Vw;gLj;jpa Jauq;fs;
nfhhpe;jpa jpUmit gpsTfSk;> gpur;ridfSk;> gphptpidfSk;>
gpw;Nghf;Fj;jdq;fSk; epuk;gpf; fhzg;gl;lJ. gTypd; tho;tpy; ngUk;
Jd;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ nfhhpe;J efu jpUmit.
thzpg efuk;> JiwKf efuk; nghJthfNt gzk;> nry;thf;F> jPa xOf;fk;
epiwe;j efukhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. xa;ntLj;jy;> cy;yhrkha; ,Uj;jy;
Mfpait ,q;F jtpHf;f Kbahj xd;whf ,Ue;jJ. MfNt>
ey;nyhOf;fj;NjhL njhlh;Gila rpf;fy;fspy; gTy; ftdk; nrYj;Jfpwhh;.
nfhhpe;J efh; xOf;ff;Nfl;bd; jiyefuhf xOf;fkpd;ikf;Fg; ngah;
NghdJ. nfhhpe;jpaiug; Nghy; tho;jy; vd;why; KiwNflhd tho;f;if
elj;Jjy;> my;yJ rpw;wpd;gg; ght tho;tpy; %o;fpj; jpisj;jy; vd;gJ
nghUs;.me;j msTf;Ff; nfhhpe;J efhpy; xOf;ff; NfL epytpajhy;>
gzKk;> NkhfKk; mjd; ,U nja;tq;fshf ghHf;fg;gl;ld. mjd; Gdpjk;
ghy;g;gl;L NghdJ.
mjw;Fg; gy fhuzq;fs; cz;L. Kjyhtjhf> nfhhpe;J xU JiwKfg;
gl;bdk;> ngUk; nry;th;fSk; ,Ue;jhh;fs;. mJ cNuhikf; FbNaw;w efh;.
vdNt ngUk; nry;th;fs;> tzpfh;fs;> khYkpfs;> gd;dhl;Lg; gazpfs;
KjyhNdhhpd; njhlh;G mq;F mjpfk;.
nfhhpe;jpd; kiyf; Nfhtpypypy; Vwj;jho Mapuk; ngz;fs; gzp nra;J
te;jhh;fs;. mth;fNshL clYwT nfhs;tJ Gdpjkhd nrayhff;
fUjg;gl;lJ. mth;fs; eilKiwapy; tpiykfspuhfTk; nray;gl;L
te;jhh;fs;. ,it fhuzkhff; fpwp];jth;fs; eLtpYk; jPa xOf;fk; jiy
fhl;baJ (5:1-13@ 6:12-20). guj;ijik gw;wp> mjhtJ ghYwT rhh;e;j
xOf;fNflhd nray;fs; gw;wpg; gTy; NgRfpwhh; (1nfhhp 5:9-11: 6:9> 12-20
fyh 5:19 nfhNyh 3:5 vNg 5:3> 5 1jpnkh 1:10 jPj; 3:3). gTy;> mg;nghy;Nyh>
NgJU MfpNahu; kPjpUe;j kpifg;gLj;jg;gl;l gw;W> nfhupe;jpy; gpsTfSf;Fk;
jw;ngUik ghuhl;LjYf;Fk; topaikj;jJ. ,j;jifa gpsTfs;
fpwp];JitNa gpsTgl;ltuhff; fhl;Lfpd;wd vd;fpwhu; gTy;.nfhupe;jpy;
fhzg;gLk; gpsTfs; mtu;fspd; Md;kpf Kjpu;r;rpapd;ikiaf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

8
 gTypd; “Ks; ,iwapay;” XH mwpKfk;

“Jd;gj;jpy; ,dpik fhz KbAkh?” vd;w Nfs;tpia gTyplk;

Nfl;lhy;> Mk; vd;w gjpy; jhd; tUk;. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; rpYitr; rhTk;
capHg;Gk; A+jHfSf;F Nghypj;jdkhfTk; gpw,dj;jtHfSf;F klikahfTk;
fUjg;gl;lJ. gTYf;Fk; mg;gbj;jhd; ,NaRtpd; rpYit njd;gl;lJ. Mdhy;
jk];F epfo;T je;j khw;wk; gTy; tho;tpy; Vw;gl;l Vw;wk; vd;Nw $w
Ntz;Lk;. vij klikahf gTy; fUjpdhNuh mJNt cahpa Qhdkhf gTy;
fUjpdhH. rpYit rpd;dk;> kPl;gpd; rpd;dkhf> ntw;wpapd; rpd;dkhf>
Jd;gj;jpy; Njw;Wk; rpd;dkhf khwpaJ.
,NaRtpd; ghLfSk; ,wg;Gk; capHg;Gk; fpwp];jt ,iwek;gpf;ifapd;
ikakhf fUjpa gTy;> jhDk; mj;jifa rhd;W tho;tpw;F ,NaRtpd;
ghlfNshL jd;idNa ,izj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhH. gTy; jdJ Jd;gj;ijAk;
njhlf;f fhyj; jpUmitapd; Jd;gj;ijAk; xU Nruf; fz;lhH. njhlf;f
jpUmitapd; ,d;wpaikahj gz;G Jd;GWjy; MFk;. Jd;gj;ijAk;>
Ntjid> Nrhjid ,tw;iw flTs; nfhLf;Fk; jz;lidahf ghHf;Fk;
gioa Vw;ghl;L GhpjypypUe;J gTy; xU Gjpa gz;gLj;jg;gl;l fpwp];jt
ghHitia ngWfpwhh; (njhE} 19:15> jpgh 69:27).
gioa Vw;ghl;L gpe;jpa E}y;fshd NahG kw;Wk; kf;fg;NgaH E}y;fs;>
ePjpkhd; Jd;GWjiy gw;wp Mo;e;j ,iwapay; rpe;jidfis tpl;Lr;
nrd;wpUf;fpd;wd (NahG 9:23> jpgh 94:21). ,iwthf;fpdhpd; Jd;gq;fSk;>
vrhahtpd; Jd;GWk; CopaH cUtfKk; ,NaRtpd; Jd;GWjypy; epiwit
milfpd;wd (vrh 53:3> vNu 11:19).
Gdpj gty; nfhNyhiraUf;F vOjpa klypNy> jdJ Jd;gj;ij ,t;thW
$WfpwhH:
“,g;nghOJ cq;fs; nghUl;Lj; Jd;GWtjpy; ehd; kfpo;r;rp nfhs;fpNwd;.
fpwp];J jk; clyhfpa jpUr;rigf;fhf NtjidAw;whH. mtH NkYk; gl
Ntz;ba Ntjidia vd; clypy; Vw;W epiwT nra;fpNwd;.” (nfhNyh 1:24)

9
gTypd; Jd;gq;fs; ,U Ghpe;Jz;HTfis nfhz;lJ. xd;W> gTypd;
Jd;gj;ij gw;wpa Ghpe;JzHT tptpypa Mok; nfhz;lJ. ,uz;L> gTypd;
Jd;gj;ij gw;wpa Ghpe;JzHT kiwj;J}J Nehf;fk; nfhz;lJ.

gTypd; Jd;gk; ekf;F vd;d nra;jp jUfpwJ?

ew;nra;jpapd; kjpg;gPLfSf;fhf ehk; gLfpd;w Jd;gq;fis Ghpe;Jf; nfhz;L
tho gTypd; Jd;gq;fs; cjTfpd;wd. Jd;gk;> Ntjid ,it kl;by; ehk;
nfhz;Ls;s gjpypWg;G vd;d vd;gij njspTgLj;Jfpd;wJ. gTypd;
Jd;gq;fs; %d;W tifg;gLfpd;wd.
gTy;> fpwpj;jt r%fq;fspy; mDgtpj;j Jd;gq;fs;.
gTy;> A+j kw;Wk; cNuhik mjpfhuj;jhy; mDgtpj;j Jd;gq;fs;.
gTy;> clypYk; cs;sj;jpYk; mDgtpj;j Jd;gq;fs;.

gTy; jdJ Gw tho;;tpy; mDgtpj;j Jd;gq;fspy;> jpUmit r%fq;fshy;

Vw;gl;l Jd;gq;fs; kpFe;j ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jpad. gTypd; mf tho;tpy;
kpFe;j jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpa Jd;gq;fs; ,uz;L. xd;W> fpwpj;jtHfNs
mtiu re;Njff; fz;nfhz;L ghHj;j tpjk;. ,uz;L> jdJ
jLj;jhl;nfhs;sg;gl;l mDgtj;ij gw;wp jk;NkhL ,Ue;jtHfs; nfhz;bUe;j
re;Njfg; ghHit. fhyk; jg;gpg; gpwe;j Foe;ijahfpa gTy; jd;id
jpUj;J}jH vd giwrhw;wpaJ rHr;irf;Fhpa xd;whf ghHf;fg;gl;lJ.
“,NaRNthL cz;L> cwthb> cld; ele;J cUkhw;wk; ngw;W caHe;j
jpUj;J}jHfs; vq;Nf? fpwpj;jtHfis nfhd;nwhopj;J jpUr;rl;l ntwpf;
nfhz;L jphpe;J> jpBH kdkhw;wk; ngw;w ,e;j gTy; vq;Nf?” vd;w kdg;Nghf;F
jpUmitapy; epytpapUf;fyhk;. Vzp itj;jhYk; Vida jpUj;J}jh;fSf;F
vl;lhJ vd;W fUjg;gl;l gTiy ‘Gjpa Jilg;gkhf’ ghHj;j epiyapUe;jJ.
,e;j epiyapy; gTypd; Ks; mDgtk; mtuJ Jd;g ,iwapaiy ekf;F
fw;gpf;fpd;wJ.

10
 myF 1
clypy; ijj;j Ks; (2 nfhupe;jpau; 12:7-9)> mikg;Gk; R+oYk;
1. Kd;Diu

gTypd; tho;Nt mtuJ ew;nra;jpg; gzp. ,NaRTf;F rhd;W gfu;tjpy;

mtuJ thHj;ijfSk; vOj;JfSk; kl;Lky;y khwhf mtuJ tho;f;if
KiwAk; rhd;wha; jpfo;fpd;wd. ,Ug;gpDk; FiwfSk; Jd;gq;fSk;
Nghuhl;lq;fSk; mtuJ tho;tpy; ,y;yhky; ,y;iy. “clypy; ijj;j Ks;”
vd;w gjk; vd;d vd;gjidAk; ve;j gpd;dzpapy; ,e;j nrhy;yhly;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ vd;gjidAk; ,e;j myfpy; fhzyhk;.

2. R+oikTf; $Wfs;

tho;Nt xU Nghuhl;lk;. fpwpj;jt tho;Tk; xU Nghuhl;l tho;Tjhd;. 2

nfhupe;jpau; 12: 7-10 gy fpwp];jtu;fSf;F> Fwpg;ghf NghuhLgtu;fSf;F
MWjy; mspj;Js;sJ. 2 nfhhp 12:7-y; cs;s “clypy; ijj;j Ks;” Fwpj;J
gy mwpthu;e;j tpthjq;fs; ele;Js;sd. ,e;j Ma;tpd; Nehf;fk; “clypy;
ijj;j Ks;" vd;w milahsj;ij tpthjpg;gjhFk;. gTypd; "Ks;" gTypd;
tYtpd;ikapd; ,iwapaiy ntspr;rk; NghlTk; tYg;gLj;jTk; cjTfpwJ.
“Ks;" vd;gJ gTypd; vjpupfis jpUmitf;F cs;NsAk; ntspNaAk;
Fwpf;Fk; xU cUtfkhfTk; ghHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
Knu. n[. Mhp]; (Murray. J. Harris) vd;w tptpypa mwpQh; gTy;
nfhhpe;jpaUf;F vOjpa ,uz;lhk; kliy %d;W gphpTfshfg; ghh;f;fpwhh;.1
Kjy; gphptpy;> ,ay; 1 Kjy; 7 tiu gTypd; gzptho;it Fwpg;ghf
jpUj;J}J tho;it gw;wpa jd; nka;gpg;G thjq;fis Kd; itf;fpwhh;.
,uz;lhk; gpupthf> ,ay; 8 kw;Wk; 9 Mk; ,ay;fspy; vUrNyk; efu
,iwkf;fSf;F ed;nfhil kw;Wk; mwg;gzpia Kd;dpWj;Jfpwhh;. %d;whk;
gphpthf> ,ay; 10-13 tiu jd; jpUj;J}J mjpfhuj;ijg; gw;wpAk; jpUj;J}J
mDgtq;fs; gw;wpAk; ,d;Dk; rpwg;ghf mtuJ Jd;gq;fs; gw;wpAk; tpthj

1
Murray Harris, 2 Corinthians, in The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, ed. Frank E. Gaebelien, J. D. Douglas,
Dick Polcyn, in Zondervan Reference Software, v. 2.8 [CD_ROM] (Grand Rapids: The Zondervan Corp., 1989-
2001), 13.

11
Kiwapy; (polemic statement) vOJfpwhh;. “clypy; ijj;j Ks;” vd;w gjk;
,e;j %d;whk; gpuptpy; tUfpd;wJ.

2.1. cldbahd R+oy;

2 nfhup 12-k; ,aiy “ngUik ghuhl;Ljy;” vd;w nrhw;nwhlUld;

Jtq;FfpwhH gTy;. ,e;j “ngUik ghuhl;Ljy;” vd;w nrhy;yhly;
Ma;Tf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba xd;W. gTYf;F vjpuhf A+j fl;rpfSk; Nghyp
NghjfHfSk; thjhLfpwhHfs;. gTypd; gzpfisAk; gbg;gpidfisAk;
jhf;FfpwhHfs;. ,e;j epiyapy; jhd; gTy; xU jd;dpiy tpsf;fkhf jdf;F
fpilj;j fhl;rpfis gw;wpAk; ntspg;ghLfis gw;wpAk; tptupf;fpwhh;. fpNuf;f
nrhy;yhl;rpapy; (rhetoric) xUthpd; thf;F td;ikia fhl;lTk; jd; vjph;
jug;gpdhplk; jd; epiyia tpsf;fTk; Ntz;b “ngUik ghuhl;Ljy;” vd;w
nrhy; gad;gLfpwJ. xU Fog;gk; epiwe;j> jd;id mjpfkhf ghjpj;j
jpUmitf;F ,k;kliy vOJk; gTy;> ,e;j gpur;ridfSf;Fk;
gpsTfSf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s R+oypy; “clypy; ijj;j Ks;” vd;w gjj;ij
gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;.

gTy; vg;gbg;gl;l R+oypy; jd; gzpia mikj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhh;

vd;gijg; gw;wpa njspT kpf mtrpakhdJ. NkYk;> gTy; jd; epiyia
vt;thnwy;yhk; epWTfpwhh; vd;gJk; mtrpakhdJ. “,iwthh;j;ij vd;w
ed;ikj;jdj;jpw;Fk; jPikNa cUthd myifapd; J}z;LjYf;Fk;
mbgzpe;j kdpjHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa elf;Fk; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; gpz;zdpapy;
Gdpj gTypd; Nghuhl;lj;ij ehk; fhz Ntz;Lk;.2njhlf;f fhy jpUmitapd;
Jd;g Jauq;fs;> Vr;Rf;fs;> Ngr;Rfs;> Gwf;fzpg;G> ,opepiy> rhT Mfpa
vjhHj;jq;fspd; gpz;zdpapy; miktNj “clypy; ijj;j Ks;” vd;w
$w;whFk;. ,t;thW> nfhhpe;jpaUf;F vOjpa ,uz;lhk; klypy; mtuJ
jd;dpiy tpsf;fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpwJ. “vd; tYtpd;ikapYk;

2
; u; mgpu;. gTy; Jwtpah? J}Jtuh?(jpz;btdk;: vk;khT]; ntspaPL)> 2008> 110.
m. gPll

12
,fo;rr
; papYk; ,lhpYk; ,d;dypYk; neUf;fbapYk; fpwp];Jit Kd;dpl;L
ehd; mfkfpo;fpNwd;> Vnddpy; ehd; tYtw;wpUf;Fk; NghJ> ty;yik
ngw;wtdhf ,Uf;fpNwd;” (2 nfhhp 12:10) vd Koq;Fk; gTy;> Jd;gj;jhy;
Glk;Nghl;l kdpjuha; tpsq;Ffpwhh;.

kly;fspd; R+oYk; nfhhpe;J efupy; tpsq;fpa xw;Wikapd;ik> nfl;l

elj;ij> jpUmit rhHe;j> mUsilahsq;fs; rhh;e;j gpur;ridfs; Mfpa
midj;jpd; gpd;dzpapy; ghu;f;fpd;w NghJ> gTy; xU Ra tho;fi
; f
tuyhw;iw vOJtJ Nghy rpwg;ghf jd; gzpfis vt;thW vjpHf; nfhz;lhH
vd;gNj nfhhpe;jpah; kly;fspd; R+oy;. ,e;j cldbahd R+oiy ehk;
Muha;fpd;w NghJ clypy; ijj;j Ks;NshL jk;Kila ePz;l fhyj; Jd;gk;
vd;fpw tYtpd;ikapy; gTy; jkf;nfd xH ,iwaUspd; mDgtj;ijf;
fz;lhH. gTypd; Nghuhl;lk; jhd; ,e;jg; ghlj;jpd; cldb R+oyhf
mikfpwJ. ,J cs;sg; Nghuhl;lkh> cly; Nghuhl;lkh> gzpg; Nghuhl;lkh>
gzg; Nghuhl;lkh vd;gij tUfpd;w gf;fq;fspy; mwpa Kw;gLNthk;.

2.2. gTypd; gzpfspd; gpd;dzp

fyh 1:15-y; jdJ miog;ig gw;wp NgRfpw gTy;> jdJ gzpf;fhd ,yf;F
vd;d vd;gjpYk; njspthf ,Ue;jhh;. jdJ gzp tho;tpw;fhf %d;W tpjkhd
,yf;Ffis itj;jpUe;jhh;. Kjyhtjhf> ,t;tsT ehl;fs; a+j
rkaj;jpw;fhf> fpwpj;jth;fshf khwpath;fis Njbj; Njb Ngha; nfhd;wth;>
,g;NghJ ,NaRtpd; ew;nra;jpahdJ A+jh;fSf;F kl;Lkhd xd;wy;y khwhf
mJ vy;NyhUf;FkhdJ vd;w njspT ngWfpwhH. ,uz;lhtjhf>
jpUr;rl;lj;jhy; my;y flTspd; md;gpdhNy kPl;G vd;gjpYk; njspthf
,Ue;jhh;. %d;whtjhf> fpwpj;J topahfNt kPl;G jpUr;rl;lj;jhy; my;y vd;w
njspitAk; ngw;wpUe;jhH.

ew;nra;jpg; gzpNa gTypd; Nehf;fk;. “ew;nra;jpia mwptpg;gtdhfTk;

jpUj;J}jdhfTk; NghjfdhfTk; ehd; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;Nsd;” (2 jpnkh 1:11).
,jw;Nfw;g gTy; jdJ tho;tpy; ew;nra;jp mwptpg;gjpy; KO %r;rhf
nray;gl;lhh;. gTy; jdf;nfd xU ghijia> xH ,yf;if> xU njspit
tFj;Jf; nfhz;lhH.

13
 nuhdhy;L ury; (Ronald Russell)> 2 nfhhp 12:7-9 vd;w ghlj;ij gTy;
ngw;Wf;nfhz;l jpUj;J}Jg; gzpapd; ,d;wpaikahj $whf ghh;f;fpwhh;.3jk;
gzp tho;tpd; khwhj mq;fkhf ‘Ks;’ ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ahnuy;yhk; jpUj;J}Jg;
gzpf;F miof;fg;gLfpwhh;fNsh> mtHfspd; tho;tpy; ‘Ks;’ XH mq;fkhf
khWfpwJ> mq;fpfhukhf khWfpwJ> myq;fhukhf khWfpwJ vd;gJ jhd;
gTypd; JzpT. gTypd; typik vq;fpUe;J tUfpwJ vd;gij typAWj;jNt
gTy; ,e;jg; gjj;ij gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;.4 jhd; xU jpUj;Jhjd; vd;Wk;
jd;idAk; jd; NghjidiaAk; vjpHg;gtiu fhl;bYk; jd; rhd;W rpwe;jJ
vd;gij Kd;dpWj;j %d;W tifahd rhd;Wfis gTy; jUfpwhH;.

xd;W> jhd; ve;j CjpaKk; vjpHghHf;fhky; ew;nra;jpia giwrhw;wpaJ (2

nfhhp 11:7). ,uz;L> ew;nra;jpapd; nghUl;L vz;zw;w Jd;gq;fis jhq;fpaJ
(2 nfhhp 11:16-33). %d;W> jdf;F fpilj;j vz;zw;w fhl;rpfspYk;
ntspg;ghLfspYk; jho;rr
; pia miltJ. xH cz;ik gzpahsDf;F > XH
cz;ik jpUj;J}jDf;F rhd;whf miktJ ,e;j “clypy; ijj;j Ks;”
mDgtk;. ,e;j mDgtk; jhd; Nghyp NghjfHfsplkpUe;Jk; jd;
vjph;jug;gpdhplkpUe;Jk; gTiy NtWgLj;JfpwJ.

2.3. gTypd; Nghuhl;l tho;T

gTypd; jd; tho;tpy; Kjypy; A+j kiwf;fhfg; Nghuhbdhh;.

rl;lj;jpw;fhfg; Nghuhbdhh; (fyh 1: 13-14> gpyp 3:5-6). ,NaR fpwp];Jit
re;jpj;jg; gpwF> fpwp];Jtpy; jhd; nfhz;l cWjpg;ghl;bw;fhf NghuhbdhH.
gTypd; mjpub khw;wk; mtiu A+jHfspd; vjphpahf;fpaJ. fpwpj;jth;fSk;
,tiu cldbahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy. gTypd; ew;nra;jpapy; nghwhikf;
nfhz;l A+jH mtUf;Fj; njhy;iy je;j tz;zkhf ,Ue;jdH. rpyNuh
,tiu jpUj;J}jnud Vw;f kWj;jdH. gTy; jd; tUthapy; tho;e;J
te;jjpdhy; mjw;fhfTk; Fw;wk; rhl;bdh;. ghpNraf; fl;rpapdh; typAWj;jpa

3
Ronald Russell believes the debate as to whether 2 Corinthians is “a unified composition or a collection of
letters has no significant bearing upon the interpretation of 12:7-10. The passage in which Paul boasts of a thorn
in the flesh as a way of giving credibility to his claim as a genuine apostle of Christ. Cf: Russell, Ronald .
“Redemptive Suffering and Paul’s Thorn in the Flesh,”JETS 39 (Dec. 1996): 559-570; [journal on-line];
accessed 21 August 2006; available fromhttp://www.firstsearch.oclc.org.
4
Ralph P. Martin, 2 Corinthians, Word Biblical Commentary, Vol.40 (Waco: Word Books, 1986), 390.

14
tpUj;jNrjdj;ij vjpHj;jjdhy;> gTy;> ek;gpf;ifahy; jhd; xUtu;
flTSf;F Vw;Gilatuha; khWfpwhh; vd;Wg; Nghuhbdhh;.5 cNuhikapy; jhd;
Nghjpj;J kiwrhl;rpahf capHtpLk; tiu> khw;W ew;nra;jpia
mwptpj;jtu;fSf;F vjpuhf Nghuhl Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ,t;thW> kd
cisr;rYf;F gTy; MshfpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. gTypd; jpUj;J}Jg; gzpfspy;
mjpfkhf Nghuhl;lq;fisNa re;jpj;jhh; vd;gij mtuJ kly;fs; topahf
mwpfpNwhk;. “,d;Wk; vd;Wk; tho;tpYk; rhtpYk; KOj; JzpTld;
fpwp];Jitvd; clyhy; ngUikg;gLj;JNtd;” vd;gJ mtuJ tho;tpd;
cahpa Nehf;fkhf ,Ue;jJ (gpyp 2:20-21). “gTypd; Nghuhl;lNk ew;nra;jpia
njspTgLj;jpaJ. gTypd; Nghuhl;lNk ,NaRit A+jr; rkaf;
fl;LfspypUe;J tpLtpj;jJ.”6 ,j;jifa njspTs;sk; gilj;jtuha;
ghLgl;lhH.

2.3.1. njhlf;ffhyj; jpUmitapd; Nghuhl;lk;

njhlf;f fhyj; jpUmit gy ,d;dy;fisAk; NtjidfisAk;

re;jpf;f NeHe;jJ. gTy; fpwpj;jtHfis ,d;dYf;Fs;shfpdhYk;
fpwpj;jth;fs; ntWg;Ngh frg;Ngh fhl;lhky; kfpo;NthL Nghuhbdhh;fs;.
fpwp];JTf;fhf Jd;Gwj; jahuhapUe;j ghkuHfspYk; ViofspYk; Nghuhl;l
czu;tpidf; fz;L gTy; <Hf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. njhlf;ffhyf;
jpUmitapd; tho;fi
; fapy; Jd;gq;fs; epiwe;jpUe;jd. gTy; Vw;gLj;jpa
rigfspy; fl;rpg; gpsTfs; fhuzkhf rz;il> rr;ruT Nghd;wit Vw;gl;ld.
Fwpg;ghf> nfhhpe;jpa jpUmitapy; ,jdhy; r%f tho;T ghjpf;fg;gl;lJ.

NkYk;> gTy; nrd;w ,lk; vy;yhk; A+jf; fpwpj;jtf; fl;rpapdH nrhy;y

Kbahj njhy;iyfisAk;> Jd;gq;fisAk; mtUf;Ff; nfhLj;J te;jhHfs;.
mtiu ew;nra;jpiaj; jphpj;Jf; $Wk; Nghypj; jpUj;J}jH vd;nwy;yhk; mtH
kPJ tPz;gop Rkj;jpdhHfs;. ,g;Nghypg; NghjfHfSf;F gjpy; nrhy;tJjhd;
jd;dpiy tpsf;f fbjk;. gTy; ,g;Nghypg; NghjfHfis> tUj;jk;

5
fhz;: ];Bgd;> gTy;: xU gd;Kfg; ghHit> (jpUr;rp: mUs;thf;F kd;wk;> 2008)> 136.
6
];Bgd;> gTy;: xU gd;Kfg; ghHit> (jpUr;rp: mUs;thf;F kd;wk;> 2008)> 136.

15
tUtpj;jtHfs; (2nfhhp 2:5-10). mePjp nra;jtd; (7:12)> Nghyp jpUj;J}jH
(11:12)> NgH Nghd jpUj;J}jH(11:5)> tQ;rf Ntiyahl;fs; (11:13) Nghd;w
milnkhopfisg; gad;gLj;jp mtHfisf; fz;bf;fpwhH. mtHfs;
cz;ikf;F vjpuhdtHfs; vd;W rhLfpwhH. ,t;thW> jhd; Vw;gLj;jpa
jpUmit FKfq;fspy; cs;s Nghuhl;lq;fis vjpHnfhs;tJ mthpd;
md;whl njhy;iyahf khwpaJ.
2.3.2. nfhhpe;Jj; jpUmitapy; kiwj;J}Jg; gzpg; Nghuhl;lk;

gTy; jhd; xU jpUj;J}jd; vd;w epiyapy; gy Nghuhl;lq;fis

re;jpf;f NeHe;jJ. Kjypy; jd; jpUj;J}J epiyia Vida jpUj;J}jUf;Fk;
ek;gpf;ifahsHfSf;Fk; nka;g;gpf;f Nghuhbdhh;. ew;nra;jp kjpg;gPLfSf;F
vjpuhd mikg;GfNshL Nghuhbdhh;. jpUmitapy; gphptpid gutpa NghJ
jd; kly;fspd; topahf xw;Wikia typAWj;j mUk;ghLgl;L NghuhbdhH.
nfhhpe;J efu jpUmitapy; mwnewpia Kd;dpWj;jg; NghuhbdhH.

nfhhpe;jpy; xOf;ff;NfL epuk;gpapUe;jJ. mjd; R+oy; gd;dhl;L

efukhfTk; gzk; GuSk; efukhfTk; ,Ue;jd. xOf;ff;NfL kype;j
epiyapypUe;J mtHfs; jq;fis khw;wpf;nfhs;stpy;iy. thzpg efuk;>
JiwKf efuk; nghJthfNt gzk;> nry;thf;F> jPa xOf;fk; epiwe;j
efukhfNt ,Uf;Fk;. xa;ntLj;jy;> cy;yhrkha; ,Uj;jy; Mfpait ,q;F
jtpHf;f Kbahj xd;whf ,Ue;jJ. MfNt> ey;nyhOf;fj;NjhL njhlh;Gila
rpf;fy;fspy; gTy; ftdk; nrYj;Jfpwhh;. nfhhpe;J efh; xOf;ff;Nfl;bd;
jiyefuhf> xOf;fkpd;ikf;Fg; ngah; NghdJ. nfhhpe;J efhpy; xOf;ff;
NfL epytpajhy;> gzKk;> NkhfKk; mjd; ,U nja;tq;fshf
ghHf;fg;gl;ld. nfhhpe;jpd; kiyf; Nfhtpypypy; Vwj;jho Mapuk; ngz;fs;
gzp nra;J te;jhh;fs;. mth;fNshL clYwT nfhs;tJ Gdpjkhd
nrayhff; fUjg;gl;lJ.

gTy; nfhhpe;jpy; ,Ue;J tpiue;J vNgRf;Fr; nrd;w fhuzk; mtH

nfhhpe;jpy; mtkhdg;gLj;jg;gl;lhH. mtH cly; hPjpahfTk;> kd hPjpahfTk;
gy;NtW tpjq;fspy; nfhhpe;jpy; mtkhdq;fisr; re;jpj;jhH. vdNt mtH
fz;zPNuhLk; kpFe;j kdNtjidNahLk; vOJtjhf Fwpg;gpLfpwhH (2 nfhhp

16
2: 4-9).7 ,j;jifa epiyapy; jhd; jdJ Nghuhl;lq;fis ikag;gLj;jp jd;
Jd;gj;ij tpsf;FfpwhH gTy;. jd;Dila gy Jd;gq;fspy; JizapUf;Fk;
flTspd; mUspd; ntspghl;L gpd;Gyj;jpy; jhd; “clypy; ijj;j Ks;” vDk;
$w;iw Ghpe;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

2.3.3. cly; cs;sg; Nghuhl;lk;

,e;j clyhfpa $lhuj;ijg; gw;wp gTy; NgRfpw NghJ> ,iwtdpd;

mUSf;fhf ehk; Vq;fpj; jtpf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;fpwhh;. “,t;Tyff; $lhuj;jpy;
FbapUf;Fk; ehk; ,e;epiyia jhq;f ,ayhky; ngU%r;R tpLfpd;Nwhk;” (2
nfhhp 5:4). clypd; ,ay;ig ,e;j klypy; njhlHe;J czHj;Jfpwhh; gTy;.
fpwp];J ,NaRTf;fhf> mtUila ngaUf;fhfj; jhk; gl;lDgtpj;j
Jd;gq;fspd; nghpag; gl;baiyNa (2 nfhhp 11:23-31) jUfpd;whh;. “vd;
clypy; cs;sj; jOk;Gfs; ehk; ,NaRTf;F mbik vd;gjw;F milahsk;”
(fyh 6:17) vd;W mth; vOJtJk; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.

gTYila Nghuhl;lq;fspy; Kjypy; ek;ikj; njhLtJ mtuJ

kdg;Nghuhl;lk;. ,jid jhd;> “vdf;F mUsg;gl;l xg;Gah;tw;w
ntspg;ghLfspy; ehd; ,Wkhg;G milahjthW ngUq;Fiw xd;W vd;
clypy; ijj;j Ks;Nghy; vd;id tUj;jpf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpwJ” vd;fpwhh;
(2 nfhhp 12:7). ,e;j Ks; rhj;jhd; mDg;gpaj; J}jidg;Nghy; ,Ug;gjhfTk;>
mjid ePf;fptpl %d;W Kiw flTsplk; jhd; Ntz;bajhfTk; $wp>
,j;Jd;gj;jpd; jPtpuj; jd;ikia vLj;Jiuj;jhh;. gTypd; Jd;gj;jpd;
kj;jpapy; MWjy; ,y;yhj R+o;epiy ntspg;gLfpwJ. kdpjhplk; NjLk;
MWjiy tpl flTsplk; NjLk; MWjypd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij nfhhpe;jpaUf;F
vOjpa ,uz;lhk; kly; typAWj;JfpwJ.

7
fhz;: k. MNuhf;fpauh[;. Gdpj gTy; - xU rfhg;jk;> (jpz;Lf;fy;: itfiwg; gjpg;gfk;> 2020)> 68.

17
 m> xrpahd;lH vd;gtH gTypd; kdjpy; Fw;w czHtpd; tLf;fs;
,Ue;jjhfTk; jhd; jpUmitfis Jd;GWj;jp fpwpj;jtHfis nfhd;wJ
jhd;> mtiu Fj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;j Ks;shfTk; ghHf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;fpwhH.8

3. gy;NtW fz;Nzhl;lq;fs;

jpUmit je;ijaHfs; gyH ,e;j clypy; ijj;j Ks; gw;wpa tptpypa

Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhz;L jq;fspd; tpsf;fq;fis je;Js;sdH. mtw;Ws;
rpytw;iw fhz;Nghk;.

3.1. jpUmit je;ijaupd; ghu;it

3.1.1. fpwp];Nrh];jk; Nahthd;

tptptpa mwpQHfspilNa ,Jgw;wp jpUmitapd; Muk;g fhy

tpthjj;ij fPio jpUmitapd; je;ij fpwp];Nrh];jk; Nahthd; $Wfpwhh;.
jdJ vjphpfshy; Jd;GWj;jg;gl;lf; fhuzj;jpdhy; jd;id vjpu;f;Fk;
kdpjHfis Kl;fshf ghh;f;fpwhh; gTy; vd;gJ fpwp];Nrh];jk; Nahthdpd;
fz;Nzhl;lk;. gTy; Fwpg;ghf ,kNdA kw;Wk; mnyf;rhe;jiug; gw;wp
Ngrf;$Lk; vd;W fpwp];Nrh];jk; epidj;jhu; (1 jpnkh 1:20). ,J xh;
cstpay; gpur;rpidahf ,Uf;fyhk;> my;yJ myifahy; Vw;;gl;l “jiy
typ Fiw” Mf ,Uf;ff;$Lk; vd;w fUj;ijAk; mtu; nfhz;bUe;jhH.9
rkfhy Ma;tpy;> nlud;]; Kypd;]; (Terence Mullins) rkfhy gad;ghl;bd;
mbg;gilapy; ,e;j thu;j;ijapd; xNu Jy;ypakhd nghUs; ,J jhd; vd;W
cWjpahf ek;gpdhu;.

vz;zpf;if 33: 55 ghlj;jpd; fpNuf;f vOgjpd;kh; E}ypy; cs;s gjj;ij

gTy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;> ,J Ks;spd; mbg;gil fpNuf;f thu;j;ijiaf;
nfhz;Ls;sJ. Nkhthgpd; rkntspapy;> ahNt flTs; NkhNria Nehf;fp:
“ehl;bd; Fbfis cq;fs; Kd;dpd;W ePq;fs; Juj;jtpy;iynadpy; ePq;fs;
jq;fpapUf;f mDkjpg;Nghu; cq;fs; fz;fisf; Fj;Jk; $uhzpfshfTk;
cq;fs; tpyhitf; fPWk; Kl;fshfTk; (σκοπόψ) ,Ue;J ePq;fs; FbapUf;Fk;

8
Ronald Russell, “Redemptive Suffering and Paul’s Thorn in the Flesh,” JETS 39 (Dec. 1996): 559-570 .
9
Terence Y. Mullins, “Paul's Thorn in the Flesh,” Journal of Biblical Literature 76, no. 4 (December 1957): 303.

18
ehl;by; cq;fisj; Jd;GWj;Jthu;fs;” vd;whh;. ,J ,];uNaypd; fhdhdpa
vjpupfisg; gw;wpa Fwpg;G vd;gjhy;> rpy nghUs;NfhspayhH gTy; jdJ
tho;tpYk; gzpapYk; mNj tifahd vjpupfisf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu; vd;w
ghh;itia Kd; itf;fpwhh;fs;.

3.1.2. mF];jPd;

mF];jpd; “stimulus carnis” vd;w yj;jPd; nkhopahf;fj;ij itj;J>

clypy; ijj;j Ks;> clypd; ,r;iria my;yJ ghYzHT J}z;liy
Fwpg;gjhf ,Uf;fyhk; vdf; $WfpwhH.10 gPl;lH mngyhHL vd;w jpUmitapd;
,ilf;fhy mwpQH mF];jPdpd; ,f;$w;iw Vw;W ,e;j nrhy;yhly; ghtr;
Nrhjidia Fwpf;ff; $baJ vd;fpwhh;.11 mF];jpd; jdJ jd;dpr;irahd
ghtj;ij gw;wpa Nfhl;ghl;il ,e;j tptpypa ghlj;jpypUe;Jjhd; epWTfpwhh;.

3.1.3. nju;j;Jy;ypad;

,e;j nrhw;nwhlupd; njhlf;f fhyf; Fwpg;G njh;Jy;ypadpd; (fp.gp 160

Kjy; 225) vOj;Jf;fspy; fhzg;gLfpwJ> ,e;j Ks; vd;gJ gtypd; fhJ
my;yJ jiytyp vd;W tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ vd;W $wpdhu;.12Gdpj n[NuhKk;
njh;Jy;ypadpd; ,e;j fUj;NjhL cld;gLfpwhh;.

3.2. mUs; tho;tpay; ghu;it

mUs;tho;tpay; ghHitapy; ed;ikf;Fk; jPikf;Fk; ,ilNa xU

Nghuhl;lj;ij ,e;j tptpypag; ghlj;jpy; ghHf;f KbfpwJ. fpwpj;jt
mUs;tho;tpNy ,e;j ‘Ks;’ gytw;wpw;F milahskhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Ks;
ghtj;ij Fwpf;fyhk;. my;yJ Md;kpf gazj;jpy; tUk; ,lh;ghl;ilf;
Fwpf;fyhk;. Md;kpf ,uit Fwpj;Jk; epw;fpd;wJ. ,e;j jiyg;gpd; fPo;
rpYit Nahthdpd; ghHitia Kd; itf;f tpUk;GfpNwd;.

10
Terence Y. Mullins, “Paul's Thorn in the Flesh,” Journal of Biblical Literature 76, no. 4 (December 1957):
303.
11
William Levitan, trans. Abelard and Heloise: The Letters and Writings (Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing
Company, 2007), 96.
12
Russell, Ronald . “Redemptive Suffering and Paul’s Thorn in the Flesh,”JETS 39 (Dec. 1996): 559-570;
[journal on-line]; accessed 21 August 2006; available from http://www.firstsearch.oclc.org.

19
 nghJthfNt> mUs;tho;T> gazkhf cUtfpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
,utpypUe;J xspia Nehf;fpa gazkhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. njhlf;f epiyapy;
xUth; ,e;j ,Uis mDgtpf;fpwhH. flTNshL xd;wpf;f ,ayh epiyia
,uT vd;fpwhH rpYit Nahthd;. ,J Md;kpf tho;tpy; xH Ks; vd;Nw
ghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. Md;kpf KjpHr;rpia Nehf;fpa gazj;jpy; ,e;j Ks; Xh;
mq;fk;. mq;fk; kl;Lky;y ,e;j Ks;is jhz;b ‘mUs;’ ,Uf;fpd;wJ vDk;
ek;gpf;ifia ekJ jpUg;gaz tho;tpy; jUfpd;wJ.13

ngdbf;bd; Md;kpfg; Ghpjypd; gb ek; Md;kpfg; gazj;jpy;

Gydlf;fk; kpfTk; ,d;wpaikahjJ. NkYk; ek; clypd; ght ehl;lj;ij
Fwpf;Fk; xd;whfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. Nrhjidapy; tpohky; ,Uf;f gad;gLk;
tptpypag; ghlkhfTk; ,J gad;gLfpwJ.

3.2.1. Cdpay;Gk; mUs;tho;Tk;

ek; Cdpay;G mopTf;Fhpajha; ,Ug;gij gTy; jd; kly;fspy;

mwpTWj;Jfpwhh; (fyh 5:19-21). Cdpay;Gk; mUs;tho;Tk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W
Kuzhdit. kdpj kdKk; clYk; ey;yJ nra;a tpUk;GfpwJ vdpDk;
jPa ehl;lq;fisAk; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ vd;gij gTy; mwpe;jpUe;jhH.
ew;nray;fs; Ghptjw;F VNjh xU jil ,Ug;gij jd; tho;fi
; f
mDgtj;ij itj;J Rarhd;iw jUfpwhh; gTy;. cly; (sarx) vd;W gTy;
gad;gLj;Jfpw gjj;jpd; cl;nghUis Ma;T nra;jhy; vt;thW Cdpay;G
xUthpd; mUs;tho;T gazj;jpy; jilahf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij mwpa
KbfpwJ. ,ijNa gTy;> jpUKOf;F ngw;w ahUk; Cdpay;Gf;F
mbikfshf ,Uf;f KbahJ vd;gij jd; jpUkly;fspy;
njspTgLj;Jfpwhh; (cNuh 8:3-4>13> fyh 5: 16>26). mUs; tho;tpay;
fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; ‘cly;’ jPikahf fUjg;gl;lJ. mUs; tho;tpw;F vjpuhd
epiyg;ghl;il nfhhpe;jpa kf;fs; nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;. KiwNflhd tho;f;if
nfhhpe;jpa jpUmitapy; jiytphpj;jhbaJ. mUs;tho;it nghWj;j kl;by;
tsHr;rpailahj epiyapy; jpUmit ,Ue;jij gTy; fz;Nzhf;Ffpwhh;.

13
fhz;: k. MNuhf;fpauh[;> Gdpj gTy; - xU rfhg;jk;> (jpz;Lf;fy;: itfiwg; gjpg;gfk;> 2020)> 60.

20
,e;jg; gpz;zdpapy; jhd; “clypy; ijj;j Ks;” vDk; $w;iwg;
gad;gLj;Jfpwhh; gTy;.14

gTYk; jd; njhlf;ff; fhyg; gzptho;tpYk; mUs; tho;tpYk;

gbg;gbahfj; jhd; tsh;rr
; pAWfpwhh;. 1 nfhhp 3:1-3–y; Md;kpf
rpWgps;isj;jdj;ij tpLj;J mUs;tho;tpy; Kjph;r;rpaila miof;fpwhh;.
,jpy; gTypd; Mokhd mUs;tho;T ntspg;gLfpwJ. fpwp];jt tho;tpd;
Kjpu;r;rp vd;gJ vj;jifa nray;ghLfSld; mike;jpUf;Fk; vd;gij
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tptupf;f mtu; Kidfpwhu; (gpyp 3:15). kdepiyapy;
Kjpu;r;rp miltNj mUs;tho;T. ,NaRitg; gw;wpa Kjpu;r;rp mDgtNk
mUs; tho;T. rPlj;Jt tho;tpy; Kd;NdWtJ vd;gJ tpisahl;L tPuu; xUtu;
gupR ngw Ntz;ba ,yf;if Nehf;fp njhlu;e;J XLk; nray; (gpyp 3:14).

3.2.2. tYtpd;ikAk; ty;yikAk;

ehk; Ma;Tr; nra;Ak; ,e;j tptpypa ghlj;jpy; ‘tYtpd;ik’ vd;w nrhy;

Ie;J Kiw gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

• “vd; tYtpd;ikNa vdf;Fg; ngUik” (1 nfhhp 12:5)

• “tYtpd;ikapy;jhd; ty;yik epiwtha; ntspg;gLk;” (1 nfhhp 12:9a)
• “ehd; vd; tYtpd;ikiag; gw;wpj;jhd; kdKte;J ngUik
ghuhl;LNtd;.” (1 nfhhp 12:9b)
• “tYtpd;ikapYk; ,fo;rr
; papYk; ... fpwp];Jit Kd;dpl;L ehd;
mfkfpo;fpNwd;.” (1 nfhhp 12:10a)
• “ehd; tYtw;wpUf;Fk;NghJ ty;yik ngw;wtdhf ,Uf;fpNwd;.” (1
nfhhp 12:10b)

,t;thW> tYtpd;ikapd; ,iwapaiy ehk; ,q;Nf fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. gTy;

jdJ tYtpd;ikapd; topapy;jhd; ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; mUs; mjpfkhf
jdf;Fg; nghopag;gLtij ghHf;fpd;whH. ,e;j fUj;ij cw;WNehf;Fk; NghJ
gTypd; kdg; Nghuhl;lNk clypy; ijj;j Ks; Nghd;W ,Uf;f KbAk; vDk;

14
fhz;: M. mNyhrpa]; Nrtpau; & ,. nua;kz;l; N[hrg;> gTy; rpe;jidf; fsQ;rpak;>
(jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp: mUs;thf;F kd;wk;> 2011)> 120.

21
rpe;jidia gPl;lH mgpH vDk; tptpypa mwpQH Kd;itf;fpwhH.15
‘kz;ghz;lk;’ vd jd;idNa miof;Fk; gTy;> vspjpy; cile;J nehWq;ff;
$ba jd;ikia jd;dpNy czUfpwhH. jd; tYtw;w epiyia ,q;F
Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.

3.2.3. Jd;gj;jpy; fpwp];Jit xj;jpUj;jy;

“vd; ngahpd; nghUl;L vy;yh kf;fs; ,dj;jtUk; cq;fis ntWg;gh;” (kj;

24: 9) vd;w ,NaRtpd; thh;j;ijfs; gTypd; tho;tpy; epiwNtWfpwJ. “ehd;
ehs;NjhWk; rhit vjpu;nfhs;fpNwd;” (1 nfhhp 15:31) vd;W $Wk; msTf;F
mthpd; Jd;gq;fs; fpwp];Jit xj;jpUe;jd. jhd; gl;l mj;jidj;
Jd;gq;fspypUe;Jk; fpwp];J jd;id tpLtpj;jjhfj; jdJ tho;tpd; ,Wjpf;
fl;lj;jpy; jpnkhj;NjAtpw;F vOjpa gTy; “fpwp];J ,NaRtplk; ,ize;J
,iwg;gw;Wld; tho tpUk;GNthH midtUk; ,d;dYWtH” vd;w mbg;gil
cz;ikia ntspg;gLj;jpdhH (fhz;: 2 jpnkh 3:11-12). ,Ug;gpDk;
mj;Jd;gq;fis mtH ghHj;jg; ghh;it mtuJ Md;kpf KjpHr;rpia
ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ. “vd; clypy; cs;s jOk;Gfs; ehd; ,NaRTf;F mbik
vd;gjw;F milahsk;” vd;W nrhy;fpwhH gTy;. ,NaRtpd; Jd;gj;NjhL
jd;Dila Jd;gj;ij ,izj;Jg; ghh;f;fpd;w ghHitia nfhz;bUf;fpwhH
gTy;.

gTy;> 2 nfhhp 4: 10-14 ,y; “,NaRtpd; tho;Nt vq;fs; clypy;

ntspg;gLkhW ehq;fs; vq;F nrd;whYk; mtUila rhTf;Fhpa Jd;gq;fis
vq;fs; clypy; ntspg;gLkhW ... mtiu Kd;dpl;L ve;NeuKk; rhtpd;
thapypy; epd;Wf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;. rhtpd; Mw;wy; vq;fspYk; tho;tpd;
Mw;wy; cq;fspYk; ntspg;gLfpwJ” (2 nfhhp 4: 10-13) vd;W mUikahf
vOJfpwhH.

,e;j Kl;fspd; gpz;zdpapy; gTypd; Jd;gq;fs; kiwe;jpUf;fpd;wd.

nrhy;nyhzhj; Jd;gq;fis mDgtpj;j gTy; jd; tho;tpy; kdTWjpAk;
Mw;wYk; ngWfpwhH. vdNt jhd; mtuhy; “tYtw;wpUf;Fk; NghJ ty;yik

15
m. gPll
; u; mgpu;. gTy; Jwtpah? J}Jtuh? (jpz;btdk;: vk;khT]; ntspaPL)> 2008>110.

22
ngw;wtdhfpNwd;” vd;W nrhy;y Kbe;jJ. “clypy; ijj;j Ks;” vd;w
gTypd; $w;iw Gupe;Jf; nfhs;s mtUf;F NeHe;j Jd;gq;fisnay;yhk; ehk;
rw;W mwpa Kay Ntz;Lk;. “rpYit tpe;ij” vDk; Ma;Tf; fl;Liuapy;
KidtH ];Bgd; me;Njhzp> 11 Jd;gq;fis tifg;gLj;Jfpd;whH.16 mit
gpd;tUtd:

1.) clypy; Jd;gk; (2 nfhhp 11: 23-26> fyh 6: 17)

2.) rhl;ilahy; mbfs; (2 nfhhp 5: 11)
3.) gazj;jpy; njhy;iyfs; (2 nfhhp 11: 25)
4.) tho;Tf;F ciy (jpg 9: 23-25> 21: 31> 23: 14> 2 nfhhp 11: 32-33)
5.) Nghuhl;lNk tho;T (1 nfhhp 8: 7-13> cNuh 7)
6.) jpUmitfshy; Ntjid (1 nfhhp> 2 nfhhp KOtJk; njhy;iyfs;>
neUf;fbfs; gw;wp gTy; $WfpwhH.)
7.) ew;nra;jpg; gzpapd; NghJ Ntjidfs; (jpg 9: 8> fyh 4: 15> jpg
19: 21-40)
8.) A+jHfshy; Jd;gk; (cNuh 3: 21-26> fyh 2: 15-21> jpg 14: 19-20)
9.) Gwtpdj;jhuhy; Jd;gk; (2 nfhhp 11: 32-33> jpg 23: 24> jpg 25)
10.) fpwpj;jt rfj; NjhoHfshy; Jd;gk; (fyh 1: 6-10> 2 nfhhp 11:
7-11)
11.) ez;gHfis ,oe;j Ntjid (cNuh 16> jpg 12: 22-26> jpg 15:
36-40)

4. clypy; ijj;j Ks; gw;wpa nfhs;iffs;

“clypy; ijj;j Ks;” vDk; $w;iw gw;wp %d;W epiyfspy; ehk;

Ghpe;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;. ,e;j %d;W nfhs;iffis ,e;j gFjpapy;
je;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;.

16
];Bgd;> gTy;: xU gd;Kfg; ghHit> (jpUr;rp: mUs;thf;F kd;wk;> 2008)> 69.

23
4.1. kdpj vjpupfs;

‘Ks;’ vDk; gjk; kdpj vjphpfis Fwpf;fpwJ vd;W rpyu;

fUJfpd;wdH.17 ahH ,e;j kdpj vjphpfs; vd;W ghHf;Fk; NghJ> Nghl;bf;
FOf;fs;> vjpHf; fl;rpapdH> A+jf; nfhs;ifahsHfs; my;yJ Nghyp
NghjfHfshfNth A+jf; fpwpj;jtkiw nka;awpTf; nfhs;ifapduhfNth18
,Uf;fyhk;. gTy; vNgR efhpy; ,Ue;j nghOJ Nghypg; NghjfHfs; rpyH
nfhhpe;jpy; Eioe;jdH. gTiy xU jhd;Njhd;wp NghjfuhfTk;>
jpiukiwthf nray;gLgtH vd;Wk;> ew;nra;jpia jphpj;Jf; $Wgth; vd;Wk;>
jd;id gw;wp jhNd jk;gl;lk; mbf;ff; $bath; vd;Wk; gy Fw;wr;rhl;Lfis
njhLj;jdH.19xw;Wikapd;ik> Ms; ika> nfhs;if ika NtWghLfs;>
,ij jq;fSf;F rhjfkhf gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l re;ju;g;gthjpfs;
nfhz;ltHfs; gTYf;F vg;NghJk; vjpuhfNt ,Ue;jdH.

4.2. cstpay; kw;Wk; mwnewpg; Nghuhl;lq;fs;

jpUmit je;ijaHfspy; rpyu;> Fwpg;ghf A+rpgpa];> gTypd;

kdr;Nrhu;T my;yJ cstpay; rhHe;j Nghuhl;lj;ij jd;Ds;
nfhz;bUe;jpUf;fyhk; vd;W epidj;jhu;. iyl;/G+l;bd; (Lightfoot)
Kd;nkhopitg; NghyNt> ,J mjpf Mjhuq;fisf; nfhz;bUg;gjhfj;
njupatpy;iy kw;Wk; Mjhuq;fs; ,y;yhjjhy; mij Muha;tJ fbdk;.20
gTy; rpy rkaq;fspy; kdr;Nrhu;Tld; NghuhLk; xUtiug; NghyNt
ele;Jnfhz;lhu; vd;W xUtu; thjplyhk;> (1 nfhhp 2: 3). Mdhy;> ,e;j
Nfhl;ghL rk fhy ,yf;fpaj;jpy; mjpfkhf tptpypa mwpQHfshy;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLtjpy;iy.

17
tpsf;fk; : gTypd; vjphpfs;> mg;nghy;Nyh fl;rp>Nfgh fl;rp> fpwp];J fl;rp>erNuaf; fl;rp Nghd;w
Nghl;b FOf;fSk; Nghyp NghjfHfSk; MtH.
18
nka;awpTf; nfhs;if vd;gJ gUg;nghUs; jPaJ vd;Wk; kdpjHfs; ,iw Qhdj;jpd; $Wfis
jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;Ls;sdH vd;Wk; ,ak;gpaJ.
19
fhz;: ];Bgd;> gTy; xU gd;Kfg; ghHit> (jpUr;rp: mUs;thf;F kd;w ntspaPL> 2008)> 37.
20
iyl;/G+l;bd; fUj;Jg;gb ,J XH cs KjpHr;rpf;fhd Nghuhl;lk;.

24
4.3. cly; tYtpd;ik

vhpf; Nk vd;w mwpQH gTypd; cly; Njhw;wj;ij ,t;thW tUzpf;fpd;whH.

“gTiy Nehpy; ghHj;jhy; rfpf;fhJ. Ngr;Rk; vLglhJ. ghH;

Nghw;Wk; jpUj;J}jH Ngr;rhw;wy; mw;wtuhfapUe;jJ
tpag;ghf cs;sJ. vdpDk; flTs; mtUf;F vOj;jhw;wy;>
rpe;jidj; njspTfis toq;fpapUe;jhH (2 nfhhp 12:9).
tuyhw;W cz;ik ,y;iyahapDk; jpUKiw rhuhj
E}nyhd;wpy; fhzf;fplf;Fk; Fwpg;Gf;fs; xU tpjkhf
gTypd; cUtj;ij ek; fz;Kd; nfhzu cjTfpd;wd.
gTy; Fs;skhdtH> tOf;ifj; jiy> tise;j fhy;fs;>
fl;lhd clk;G> GUtq;fs; ,ize;jpUe;jd> %f;F
tisTilaJ> NjhoikAilatH> ghHg;gjw;F ,iwj;J}jH
Nghd;W ,Ue;jhH.”21

gTy; jd;Dila tho;tpy; gl;l mb> cijfs;> mtUila cliy

cUf;Fiyar; nra;jpUf;fyhk;.

4.3.1. Fd;wpa fz; ghu;it

gTypd; fz;fspy; $l NfhshW ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;. fyh 4: 13-15-y; ehk;

,t;thW thrpf;fpd;Nwhk;:

“vd; cly;eyf; FiwT jhd; cq;fSf;F Kjd; Kjy; ew;nra;jp

mwptpf;f vdf;F tha;g;G mspj;jJ. ,J cq;fSf;Fj; njupANk. vd;
cly;epiyia Kd;dpl;L vd;idg; Gwf;fzpj;J ntWj;J xJf;Fk;
Nrhjid cq;fSf;F tutpy;iy. mjw;F khwhf> flTspd; J}jiu
Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJNghy; Vd;> fpwp];J ,NaRitNa Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJ
Nghy;> vd;id Vw;Wf; nfhz;Bu;fs;. vd;id Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJ xU
ngUk; NgW vd;Wk; fUjpdPu;fs;. me;j kdepiy ,g;nghOJ vq;Nf?

21
m.];Bgd;> gTy;: xU gz;Kfg; ghHit> (jpUr;rp: mUs;thf;F kd;w ntspaPL)> 2008> 92-93. Eric May
jd;Dila “The Life of Paul” vd;w fl;Liuapy; vLj;jpa fUj;Jf;fis MrphpaH jd; E}ypy;
Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. (fhz;: Eric May, The Life of Paul, Bible Today, no.10, Feb. 1964; 623-29.)

25
 Kbe;jpUe;jhy; cq;fs; fz;fisAk; vdf;fhfg; gpLq;fpf;
nfhLj;jpUg;guP ;fs;!”

NkYk; jpg 9: 9-y; tUfpd;w epfo;tpd; (rTypd; miog;gpy; jw;fhypfkhf

ghHit ,oj;jy;) jhf;fj;jpdhy; $l mtuJ ghHitapy; FiwghNlh
gf;ftpisNth Vw;gl;bUf;fyhk;.22 vdNt> ,e;j fz;zpy; cs;s NfhshW
xU Ks;shf ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk;.

4.3.2. jpf;Ftha; epiy

gTy; Ngr;rhw;wy; mw;wtuhf ,Ue;jhH vd;gjw;F rhd;whf 2 nfhhp 10:10

-ij ehk; Mjhukhf ghHf;fpd;Nwhk;. gTy; jpf;Ftha; epiyapy; ,Ue;jhYk;
fbjq;fis vOJk; jpwd; topahf jd; kiwg;gzpia Mw;wp te;jhH.
nfhhpe;J efu Nghyp NghjfHfSk; Nghl;bf; FOf;fSk; gTypd; gzpfisAk;
MSikiaAk; ,opj;Jiuf;f ,j;jifa fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itj;jdH.

ghnul; vd;gtu; gTYf;F Ngr;rhw;wy; mw;wtuhf ,Ug;gJ xU Ks;shf

fUjf;$Lk; vd;fpwhh;. fyhj;jpaUf;F vOjpa jpUklypy; 4: 13 ,jw;fhd
Mjhuk; ,Ug;gjhf njuptpf;fpd;whu;. Mdhy; ,e;j thjKk; rhpahdjy;y.
gTiy jiyik Ngr;rhsuhf jpg 14: 12 Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu; Y}f;fh. ,J gTy;
Fwpg;gpLk; Ks;shf fUjg;gLtJ mtuJ jpf;Ftha; jd;ik vd;w thjj;jpid
gytPdg;gLj;JfpwJ.23

4.3.3. clypy; VNjh xU FiwghL

tpy;ypak; ghHf;Ns vd;w Gjpa Vw;ghl;L ty;YeH ‘Ks;’ vd;w gjj;ij

cly; Cdnkd;Wk; my;yJ cly; gytPdk; vd;Wk; $WfpwhH.24 “σκοπόψ”
(];NfhNyhg;];) vd;w nrhy; “kUj;Jt epGzj;jtk;” epiwe;j nrhy;yhf
,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,ypNahNjhu]; jd; ‘kUj;Jt njhFg;Gfs;’ vd;w E}ypy;>
clypy; nrYj;jg;gLk; xU tifahd nfhf;fp Nghd;w fUtpf;F

22
fhz;: jpg 9:9> “mtu; %d;W ehs; ghu;itaw;wpUe;jhu;. me;ehs;fspy; mtu; cz;zTkpy;iy>
Fbf;fTkpy;iy.”
23
Terence Y. Mullins, “Paul's Thorn in the Flesh,” Journal of Biblical Literature 76, no. 4 (December 1957):
303.
24
William Barclay, “St. Paul, a Study in Social and Religious History”, (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1975), 257.

26
“];NfhNyhg;];” vd;w nrhy;iy gad;gLj;JfpwhH. kUj;Jtuhf Y}f;fhTld;
neUq;fpa gzpj; njhlHG nfhz;l gTYf;F ,e;j nrhy;
gof;fg;gl;bUf;fyhk;. vdNt> cliy Jisaplf;$ba> gytPdg;gLj;jf;$ba
xU typahf ,J ,Ue;jpUf;fyhk; vdTk; rpy mwpQHfs; fUJfpwhH;fs;.25

vg;. vg;. g;&]; vd;gtu; NahGit vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf nrhy;yp vt;thW

flTs; cly; Nehia nfhLf;f mDkjpf;fpwhu; vd;Wf; $WfpwhH. ,q;F
myifapd; J}Jtd; vd;fpd;w me;j nrhy;yhly; vd;gJ gTypd; clypy;
Vw;gLk; xU tifahd Nehahf ,Uf;fyhk; vd;fpwhH. ,J jz;lidf;fhd
Neha; my;y khwhf ,iwtDila mUSf;fhfTk; mtUila gzpf;fhfTk;
Nrhjidahf nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. flTs; mDkjpf;fg;gl;L nfhLf;fg;gl;l
xd;whf ,Uf;fyhk; vd;W nrhy;Yfpd;whu;.26 NkYk; ,e;j clypy; ijj;j
Ks; vd;gJ fpNuf;f fijfspNy tuf;$ba xU Nrhjid fhl;rpfisAk;
gpujpgypf;fpd;wJ vd;fpwhH.

gpsk;ku; vd;gtu; ,jid ,t;thW Fwpg;gpLfpwhu:; “,J xU Fiw. ,J

kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; nfhLf;fg;gl;l xU Fiw.”27vdNt ,J kNyupah
fha;rr
; yhfNth my;yJ typg;G NehahfNth fz; FiwthfNth my;yJ kd
tpuf;jp MfNth ,Uf;fyhk; vd;W $Wfpd;whu;. ,t;thW> gy;NtW mwpQu;fs;
gy;NtW fUj;Jf;fis Kd; itf;fpd;whu;fs;.

4.4. rPu;j;jpUj;j jpUmitapdupd; ghu;it

,ilf;fhy rpe;jidahsu; gPl;lu; mNgyhu;bd; tpsf;fj;ijj; njhlu;e;J>

rPu;jpUj;jthjpfs; gyu; ‘Ks;’ vd;gJ ghtj;jpw;fhd xU Nrhjid vd;wdH.
Ks; ‘Ntjid’ (κολοφίζῃ - ];NfhNyhg;];> 1 nfhhp 12:8) vd;W gTy;
nrhy;tjhy;> fhy;tpd; Fwpg;ghf ‘rij’ (σάρξ – rhHf;];) vd;w nrhy;

25
fhz;: Erik DiVietro, “An Examination of Paul’s “Thorn in the Flesh” , Dissertation, Liberty University
Baptist Theological Seminary, December 2, 2014, 89.
26
fhz;: Erik DiVietro, “An Examination of Paul’s “Thorn in the Flesh” , Dissertation, Liberty University
Baptist Theological Seminary, December 2, 2014, 89.
27
Terence Y. Mullins, “Paul's Thorn in the Flesh,” Journal of Biblical Literature 76, no. 4 (December 1957):
303.

27
gad;gLj;jg;gLtjhy; ‘Ks;’ xUtpj cly; Mirf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lkhf
,Ug;gijf; Fwpf;fpwJ vd;fpwhH.28

5. KbTiu

gTypd; gzptho;tpy; Vw;gl;l rthy;fs;> rWf;fy;fs;> jilfs; vy;yhk;

mtUila ew;nra;jpg; gzpia Glkpl;ld. “clypy; ijj;j Ks;” vDk;
nrhy;yhliy Ghpe;Jf; nfhs;s> nfhhpe;jpaUf;F vOjpa Kjy; jpUklypy;
cs;s R+oypy;> gTypd; Nghuhl;l tho;it Ghpe;Jf; nfhs;s rpy njspTfis
,e;j myfpy; je;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;. jpUmit je;ijahpd; vOj;Jfspy; cs;s
Md;kpfg; GhpjiyAk; Vw;fdNt Ma;e;jwpe;Js;s gy;NtW
fz;Nzhl;lq;fisAk; je;Js;Nsd;. ,it gTypd; ,f;$w;iw ed;F GhpaTk;
,d;iwa mUs;gzp tho;tpw;fhd njspTfis ngw;wplTk; ekJ mUs;gzpj;
jsq;fspy; rthy;fis vjpHnfhs;s gTy; $Wk; fUj;JfSf;F mbg;gil
MFk;. ,jd; njhlHr;rpahf mLj;j myfpy; tptpypa tpsf;fj;ijAk;
,iwapay; ghHitiaAk; fhz;Nghk;.

myF– 2

1 nfhupe;jpau; 12: 7-9> tptpypa tpsf;fKk; ,iwapay; ghHitAk;

1. Kd;Diu

gTypd; “clypy; ijj;j Ks;” vd;d vd;gij mwpa tptpypag;

nghUs;Nfhs; Kiwapy; nrhy;yha;Tk; jpwdha;Tk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 2 nfhhp
12: 7-9 vDk; tptpypag; ghlj;jpy; cs;s xt;nthU nrhy;iyAk; jdpahf
vLj;J Ma;T nra;jhy;> gTypd; ,f;$w;iw ehk; Ghpe;Jf; nfhs;s ,aYk;.

28
Eric May, The Life of Paul, Bible Today, no.10, Feb. 1964; 623-29.

28
2 nfhhp 12: 7-9 vDk; gFjp Fzkhf;Fk; fhl;rp my;yJ Gfo;khiy
(Aretalogy) vd;w ,g;gFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ.29 jd; ngUq;Fiwiag; gw;wpr;
nrhy;Yk; gTy; XU rpwg;ghd fhl;rpiaAk; cUtf nkhopiaAk;
ifahSfpwhH.

2. tptpypag; ghlk; 2 nfhhp 12:7-9 -d; ,izepiyg; gFjpfNshL xg;Gik

2 nfhhp 12:7-9 vDk; tptpypag; ghlj;NjhL ,izahd tptpypag;

gFjpfSk;> jpUKiwrhuh VLfspypUe;Jk; vLf;fg;gl;L xg;Gik
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;j gFjpia ehd;F epiyfspy; fhzyhk;.

i.) nfhhpe;jpaUf;F vOjpa ,uz;lhk; klypy; cs;s ,izg; gFjpfs;

ii.) gTypd; gpw kly;fspy; cs;s ,izg; gFjpfs;

iii.) gpw tptpypag; gFjpfspy; ,izg; gFjpfs;

iv.)jpUKiwrhuh VLfsp;y; ,izepiyj; Njly;

‘clypy; ijj;j Ks;’ vDk; gjj;jpw;F ehk; vt;thnwy;yhk; xg;Gikg;gLj;jpg;

nghUs; nfhs;s KbAk; vd;gij ,g;gFjpapy; Ma;e;Jzu KbAk;.30

2.1. nfhhpe;jpaUf;F vOjpa ,uz;lhk; klypy; cs;s ,izg; gFjpfs;

• 2 nfhhp 4:7-9 (kz;ghz;lk; Nghd;w epiy - clypy; ijj;j Ks;)

“,e;jr; nry;tj;ij kz;ghz;lq;fs; Nghd;w ehq;fs; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;. ,e;j

<L ,izaw;w ty;yik vq;fsplkpUe;J tutpy;iy> mJ flTSf;FNf
cupaJ vd;gJ ,jpypUe;J tpsq;FfpwJ. ehq;fs; vy;yhr; R+o;epiyfspYk;
,d;dYw;whYk; kdk; cile;J Nghtjpy;iy. Fog;gKw;whYk; ek;gpf;if
,og;gjpy;iy. Jd;GWj;jg;gl;lhYk; iftplg;gLtjpy;iy. tPo;j;jg;gl;lhYk;
mope;JNghtjpy;iy.”

29
t. khpajhrd;> jpUtptpypa tpsf;fk;: 2 nfhhpe;jpaH> (jpUr;rp: mUs;thf;F ntspaPL>2003)> 244.
30
Walter T. Wilson, A Comprehensive Guide: Pauline Parallels, (Kentucky: WestMinister John Knox Press,
2009), 150.

29
 ,e;j nrhw;nwhlhpy; “kz;ghz;lq;fs;” vd;gJ ek; tYtpd;ikiaf;
Fwpf;fpd;wJ. kz;ghz;lk; xUthpd; nehUq;F epiyiaf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. jd;
cliyf; Fwpj;J gTy; ,t;thW nrhy;ypapUf;fyhk;. ve;j NeuKk;
tpo;rr
; paila NehpLk; jd; tYtpd;ikia Fwpj;Jk; $WfpwhH.

• 2 nfhhp 6:3-10 (Ntjid> ,lH> neUf;fb – clypy; ijj;j Ks;)

“vtUk; Fiw$wh tz;zk; vq;fs; jpUg;gzpia Mw;w tpUk;GfpNwhk;. vdNt

ehq;fs; vtUf;Fk; ,ilA+whf ,Ug;gjpy;iy. khwhf midj;Jr;
R+o;epiyfspYk; ehq;fs; flTspd; gzpahsu;fs; vd;gij vq;fs;
elj;ijahy; fhl;LfpNwhk;; Ntjid> ,lu;> neUf;fb Mfpatw;iw kpFe;j
kd cWjpNahL jhq;fp tUfpNwhk;. ehq;fs; mbf;fg;gl;Nlhk;; rpiwapy;
milf;fg;gl;Nlhk;; Fog;gq;fspy; rpf;fpNdhk;; ghLgl;L cioj;Njhk;;
fz;tpopj;jpUe;Njhk;; gl;bdp fple;Njhk;;.”

Ntjid> ,lH> neUf;fb Mfpa %d;W epiyg;ghLfSk; clypy; ijj;j

Ks;Sld; xg;gplg;gLfpwJ.

• 2 nfhhp 11:13-14 (rhj;jhid Nghd;w Nghypj; jpUj;J}jH – rhj;jhd;

mDg;gpaj; J}jh;)

“Vnddpy; ,j;jifNahu; Nghypj; jpUj;J}ju;; tQ;rf Ntiyahs;fs;;

fpwp];Jtpd; jpUj;J}juhf ebg;gtu;fs;. ,jpy; tpag;G vd;d? rhj;jhd; $l
xspiar; rhu;e;j J}jdhf ebf;fpwhNd?”

rhj;jhd; vd;w ,Uspd; Mjpf;fj;jpy; ,Ue;j Nghypj; jpUj;J}jiuAk;

NghjfHfisAk; rhLk; gTy; >‘clypy; ijj;j Ks;’ vd;W toq;Fk; $w;wpy;
‘rhj;jhid’ gioa Vw;ghl;L GhpjYld;> mjhtJ Nrhjpj;J mwpAk; xd;whf
ghHfpd;whH.

• 2 nfhhp 11:23-30 (tYtpd;ikia Fwpj;J ghuhl;Ljy;)

“mtu;fs; fpwp];Jtpd; gzpahsu;fsh? ehd; mtu;fistplr; rpwe;j

gzpahsNd. ,q;Fk; ehd; xU kjpaPddhfNt NgRfpNwd;. ehd; mtu;fis

30
tpl mjpfkha;g; ghLgl;L cioj;Njd;;. gd;Kiw rpiwapy; milgl;Nld;;
nfhLikaha; mbgl;Nld;;. gd;Kiw rhtpd; thapypy; epd;Nwd;.

Ie;J Kiw A+ju;fs; vd;idr; rhl;ilahy; xd;W Fiwa ehw;gJ mb

mbj;jhu;fs;.

%d;W Kiw jbahy; mbgl;Nld;;. xU Kiw fy;nywpgl;Nld;;. %d;WKiw

fg;gy; rpijtpy; rpf;fpNdd;. Xu; ,uTk; gfYk; Mo;flypy; my;yYw;Nwd;.

gazq;fs; gy nra;Njd;; mtw;wpy;> MWfshYk; ,lu;fs;> vd; nrhe;j

kf;fshYk; ,lu;fs;> gpw kf;fshYk; ,lu;fs;> ehl;bYk; ,lu;fs;> fhl;bYk;
,lu;fs;> flypYk; ,lu;fs;> Nghypj; jpUj;J}ju;fshYk; ,lu;fs;> ,g;gb
vj;jidNah ,lu;fSf;F MshNdd;.

ghLgl;L cioj;Njd;; gd;Kiw fz;tpopj;Njd;; grpjhfKw;Nwd;; gl;bdp

fple;Njd;; Fspupy; thbNdd;; Milapd;wp ,Ue;Njd;.

,it jtpu vy;yhj; jpUr;rigfisAk; gw;wpa ftiy vdf;F md;whlr;

RikahapUe;jJ.

ahuhtJ tYtw;wpUe;jhy; ehDk; mtiug;Nghy; Mtjpy;iyah? ahuhtJ

ghtj;jpy; tpo Neu;e;jhy; vd; cs;sk; nfhjpg;gjpy;iyah?

ehd; ngUik ghuhl;l Ntz;Lnkd;why; vd; tYtpd;ikiag; gw;wpNajhd;

ehd; ngUik ghuhl;l Ntz;Lk;.”

• 2 nfhhp 13:4 (tYtw;w epiyapy; ty;yik)

“fpwp];J vd; %ykhfg; NgRfpwhu; vd;gij nka;g;gpj;Jf;fhl;l Ntz;Lk;

vd;fpwPu;fs; my;yth? fpwp];J cq;fspilNa vd;idg; Nghy tYtw;wtuhf
,y;iy khwhf mtu; ty;yikNahL nray;gLfpwhu;.”

nfhhpe;jpaUf;F vOjpa ,uz;lhk; klypy; KOf;f KOf;f gTy; jd;

gzptho;tpy; cs;s ‘Ks;’ gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfis jUfpd;whH. ,tw;wpw;nfy;yhk;
Kj;jha;g;ghf miktJjhd; 2 nfhhp 12: 7-9 Mfpa nrhw;nwhlHfs;.

31
2.2. gTypd; gpw kly;fspy; cs;s ,izg; gFjpfs;

gTypd; gpw kly;fspy; cs;s ,izg; gFjpfis ghHf;fpd;w NghJ>

,J gTypd; gzpapy;> Fwpg;ghf nfhhpe;J jpUmitapdhy; Vw;gl;l typahf
kl;Lk; ,y;yhky;> ,J jdJ gzpapy; Vw;gl;l Jd;gkhf> Nghuhl;lkhf> gpw
,dj;jhUf;F ew;nra;jp mwptpf;Fk; gzpapy; Vw;gLk; ,ilA+whf> Vd; jd;
tho;tpd; mq;fkhfNt tpsq;fpaJ vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.

• cNuh 8:35>37 (ehs;NjhWk; nfhy;yg;gLtJ – Fj;jpf;nfhz;NlapUg;gJ

Ks;)

fpwp];Jtpd; md;gpypUe;J ek;ikg; gpupf;fg; $baJ vJ? Ntjidah?

neUf;fbah? ,d;dyh? gl;bdpah? Milapd;ikah? ,luh? rhth? vJjhd;
ek;ikg; gpupf;f KbAk;? “ck; nghUl;L ehs;NjhWk; nfhy;yg;gLfpNwhk;>
ntl;Ltjw;nfd epWj;jg;gLk; MLfshff; fUjg;gLfpNwhk;” vd kiwE}ypy;
vOjpAs;sJ md;Nwh!

‘ehs;NjhWk; nfhy;yg;gLtJk; Fj;jpf;nfhz;NlapUg;gJk; xd;WNghy

Njhd;Wfpd;wJ.

• 1 nfhhp 2:1> 3-5 (tYtw;W ,Uj;jy;)

“rNfhju rNfhjupfNs> flTisg; gw;wpa kiwnghUis mwptpf;f ehd;

cq;fsplk; te;jNghJ kpFe;j nrhy;td;ikAlNdh Qhdj;JlNdh tutpy;iy.
ehd; cq;fs; eLtpy;> tYtw;wtdha;> kpFe;j mr;rj;NjhLk; eLf;fj;NjhLk;
,Ue;Njd;. ehd; giwrhw;wpa nra;jp Qhdj;jpd; ftu;rr
; pahd nrhw;fspy;
mikatpy;iy. Mdhy; mJ J}a Mtpapd; ty;yikia vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltjhf
mike;jJ. cq;fs; ek;gpf;iff;F mbg;gil kdpj Qhdk; my;y> flTspy;
ty;yikNa.”

• 1 nfhhp 4:9-13 (cyfj;jpd; Fg;ig)

“flTspd; jpUj;J}juhfpa vq;fis mtu; vy;yhUf;Fk; filauhf;fpdhu;;.

ehq;fs; kuz jz;lid ngw;wtu;fs;Nghy; MNdhk;. kdpjUf;Fk;
thdJ}jUf;Fk; cyFf;Fk; fhl;rpg; nghUshNdhk; vdf; fUJfpNwd;.
32
ehq;fs; fpwp];Jtpd; nghUl;L kilau;fs;; ePq;fNsh fpwp];JNthL ,ize;j
mwpthspfs;. ehq;fs; tYtw;wtu;fs;; ePq;fNsh typik kpf;ftu;fs;. ePq;fs;
khz;Gs;stu;fs;; ehq;fNsh kjpg;gw;wtu;fs;. ,e;Neuk;tiu gl;bdpNahLk;
jhfj;NjhLk; Milapd;wpAk; ,Uf;fpNwhk;. mbf;fg;gLfpNwhk;; ehNlhbfsha;
,Uf;fpNwhk;. vq;fs; iffshy; ghLgl;L ciof;fpNwhk;. gopf;fg;gLk; NghJ
Mrp $WfpNwhk;; Jd;GWj;jg;gLk;NghJ nghWj;Jf; nfhs;fpNwhk;.
mtkjpf;fg;gLk;NghJk; fdpthfg; NgRfpNwhk;. ehq;fs; cyfj;jpd; Fg;ig
NghyhNdhk;. ,Jtiu midj;jpYk; fopTg;nghUl;fs; vdf; fUjg;gl;L
tUfpNwhk;.”

• 1 nfhhp 15:42-43 (tYtw;wjha; tpijf;fg;gLk; epiy)

,we;Njhu; capu;j;njOk;NghJk; ,t;thNw ,Uf;Fk;. mopTf;Fupajha;

tpijf;fg;gLtJ mopahjjha; capu;ngw;W vOfpwJ. kjpg;gw;wjha;
tpijf;fg;gLtJ khz;Gf;Fupajha; capu;ngw;W vOfpwJ. tYtw;wjha;
tpijf;fg;gLtJ ty;yikAs;sjha; capu;ngw;W vOfpwJ.

• fyh 4:13-14 (cly;eyf; FiwT – xU Ks;)

“vd; cly;eyf; FiwT jhd; cq;fSf;F Kjd; Kjy; ew;nra;jp mwptpf;f

vdf;F tha;g;G mspj;jJ. ,J cq;fSf;Fj; njupANk. vd; cly;epiyia
Kd;dpl;L vd;idg; Gwf;fzpj;J ntWj;J xJf;Fk; Nrhjid cq;fSf;F
tutpy;iy. mjw;F khwhf> flTspd; J}jiu Vw;Wf;nfhs;tJNghy; Vd;>
fpwp];J ,NaRitNa Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJ Nghy;> vd;id Vw;Wf; nfhz;Bu;fs;.”

• fyh 6:17 (clypy; cs;s jOk;Gfs; - Ks;)

“,dpNky; vtUk; vdf;Fj; njhy;iy nfhLf;f Ntz;lhk;. Vnddpy; vd;

clypy; cs;s jOk;Gfs; ehd; ,NaRTf;F mbik vd;gjw;F milahsk;.”

2.3. gpw tptpypag; gFjpfspy; ,izg; gFjpfs;

• vz; 33:55 (tpyhit fPWk; Ks; - clypy; ijj;j Ks;)

33
 “ehl;bd; Fbfis cq;fs; Kd;dpd;W ePq;fs; Juj;jtpy;iynadpy; ePq;fs;
jq;fpapUf;f mDkjpg;Nghu; cq;fs; fz;fisf; Fj;Jk; $uhzpfshfTk;
cq;fs; tpyhitf; fPWk; Kl;fshfTk; ,Ue;J ePq;fs; FbapUf;Fk;
ehl;by; cq;fisj; Jd;GWj;Jthu;fs;.”

• kj; 26:39> 44 (Jd;gf; fpz;zk; - clypy; ijj;j Ks;)

gpwF mtu; rw;W mg;ghy; nrd;W Kfq;Fg;Gw tpOe;J> “vd; je;ijNa>

Kbe;jhy; ,j;Jd;gf; fpz;zk; vd;id tpl;L mfyl;Lk;. MdhYk; vd;
tpUg;gg;gb my;y> ck; tpUg;gg; gbNa epfol;Lk;" vd;W $wp ,iwtdplk;
Ntz;bdhu;. (kj; 26:39)

mtu; mtu;fis tpl;L kPz;Lk; nrd;W kWgbAk; mNj thu;j;ijfisr;

nrhy;yp %d;whk; Kiwahf ,iwtdplk; Ntz;bdhu;. (kj; 26:44)

• jpnt 12:7-9 (myif vd;w rhj;jhd; - rhj;jhd; mDg;gpa J}Jtd;)

“gpd;du; tpz;zfj;jpy; Nghu; %z;lJ. kpf;NfYk; mtUila J}ju;fSk;

muf;fg; ghk;NghL Nghu; njhLj;jhu;fs;; muf;fg; ghk;Gk; mjd; J}ju;fSk;
mtu;fis vjpu;j;Jg; Nghupl;lhu;fs;. muf;fg; ghk;G Njhy;tpAw;wJ.
tpz;zfj;jpy; mjw;Fk; mjd; J}ju;fSf;Fk; ,lNk ,y;yhJ Nghapw;W.
mg;ngupa muf;fg; ghk;G ntspNa js;sg;gl;lJ. myif vd;Wk; rhj;jhd;
vd;Wk; miof;fg; ngw;w mJNt njhlf;fj;jpy; Njhd;wpa ghk;G. cyF
KOtijAk; Vkhw;wpa mJ kz;ZyFf;Fj; js;sg;gl;lJ. mjd; J}ju;fSk;
mjDld; ntspNa js;sg;gl;lhu;fs;.”

2.4. jpUKiw rhuh VLfsp;y; ,izepiyj; Njly;

jpUKiw rhuh VLfspy; Fwpg;ghf> Fk;uhd; ghly;fspy; (Qumran Hymns)

,izepiyg; gFjpfSf;fhd xUrpy juTfs; my;yJ gTypd; $w;iw xj;j
rhay;fis fhz Kbe;jJ.

• 1 Fk;uhd; ghly; 12(4) : 22-23 (jd; epiy tpsf;fk;)

34
“ehd; cd; kPJ rha;ifapy;> ehd; cWjp ngWfpNwd;. vid Jd;GWj;JNthH;
kPJ vOfpNwd;. vd;id Vsdg;gLj;JNthHf;F vjpuhf vd; fuq;fs; ntw;wp
ngWfpd;wd. mtHfis xspHtpj;J tYg;gLj;j> vd;dpy; ckJ ty;yikia
ePH fhz;gpj;J ntspg;gLj;jpdhYk; mtHfs; vd;id kjpg;gjpy;iy.”31 (,J
vd; nrhe;j nkhopngaHg;G)

,t;thW> 2 nfhhp 12: 7-9 –d; ,izepiyg; gFjpfNshL

xg;Gikg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

3. Ks; (skolops) - nrhy;yha;T

‘Ks;’ vDk; nrhy; tptpypaj;jpy; vg;gbnay;yhk; nghUs; nfhs;fpd;wJ

vd;gij mwpa Ntz;Lk;. tptpypaj;jpy; 47 Kiw ‘Ks;’ vd;w nrhy;
tUfpd;wJ.32

3.1. gioa Vw;ghl;bYk; Gjpa Vw;ghl;bYk; ‘Ks;’ vDk; gjj;jpd; gad;ghL

Ks; vd;w nrhy;iyf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L> gTypd; Nehf;fj;jpd;

tpsf;fj;jpw;fhd rpy Fwpg;Gfs; ‘Ks;’ vd;W nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;l nrhy;iy
Ma;T nra;tjpy; ,Ue;J ngwyhk;. σκόλοψ(];NfhNyhg;];) vd;w nrhy;
jdpj;JtkhdJ. vz;zpf;if 33:55 ,y; cs;s ‫ שך‬vd;w vgpNua thu;j;ijapd;
nkhopngau;g;gpy; vOgjpd;kH E}y; ,e;j nrhy;iy gad;gLj;JfpwJ. fpNuf;f
Gjpa Vw;ghl;by; 2 nfhupe;jpau; 13:7-y; kl;LNk σκόλοψ vd;w nrhy; Njhd;Wk;
mNj Ntisapy;> vz;fs; 33:55 vgpNua tptpypaj;jpy; ‫ שך‬Njhd;WfpwJ.
,yj;jPd; nkhopngaHg;ghd Ty;fj;jhtpy; mjpf juTfs; ,y;iy. Vnddpy;>
mJ vz;zpf;if E}ypy; tUfpd;w ‫שך‬, 2 nfhupe;jpau; E}ypy;
σκόλοψ‘J}z;Ljy;’ vd;W nghUs; jUfpd;wJ.33

31
Walter T. Wilson, A Comprehensive Guide: Pauline Parallels, (Kentucky: WestMinister John Knox Press,
2009), 67.
32
Murray J.Harris, The New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Second Epistle to the Corinthians,
(Michigan: William B.Eerdmans Publishing Company, 2005), 852.
33
Terence Y. Mullins, “Paul's Thorn in the Flesh,” Journal of Biblical Literature 76, no. 4 (December 1957):
303.

35
nghJthd fpNuf;f E}y;fspy; ,e;j thu;j;ij kUj;Jtg; gad;ghl;il
Fwpf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j thu;j;ij xUtpj $u;ikahd xd;iwf; Fwpf;fpwJ vd;gJ
njspthfpwJ. NkYk; ,J er;rupf;Fk; jd;ikAld; njhlu;Gila xd;whf
,Uf;fyhk;. ,jdhy;jhd; v/g;. v/g;. G&]; xU nkhopngau;g;ig Nkw;Nfhs;
fhl;lj; Nju;e;njLj;jhu;>34 ,r;nrhy;ypd; Ma;T rhpahd nghUis ekf;F
mspf;ftpy;iy vd;whYk; gTypd; gpur;ridapd; jd;ikiag; Gupe;Jnfhs;s
ekf;F cjTfpwJ. ,e;j Ks; my;yJ gpsT tplhg;gpbahfTk;
er;rupg;gjhfTk; ,Ue;jJ. ,J ntWkNd xU tuk;G (limitation) my;y>
khwhf Fzk; ngw Kbahj xU njhlu;rr
; pahd typ.35

3.2. Ks; - gTy; fhl;Lk; ,ay;Gfs;

Ks; vDk; gjj;ij gw;wp xU ehd;F epiyfspy; tpsf;fj;ij jUfpwhH;

gTy;. ,e;j ehd;F epiyfSk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l tho;tpay; rpe;jidia ekf;F
jUfpd;wd.

3.2.1. myifapd; J}Jtd;

gTy; jd; gzpapd; typia> jd;id ijj;jpUf;Fk; Ks; jUfpd;w

Ntjidiar; nrhy;y XH cUtfk; ,Uf;Fnkdpy; mJ “myifapd;
J}Jtd;” vd;Wr; nrhy;yyhk;. uhk;Nr vd;w mwpQH> myif vd;wr; nrhy;
typg;G Nehia Fwpf;f gTy; gad;gLj;JfpwhH vdg; nghUs;
nfhs;fpd;whH.gTy; gad;gLj;Jk; tpidr; nrhy;yhd “Jd;GWj;jy;” (harass)
vd;w nrhy; ew;nra;jpfspy; ghLfspd; epfo;Tfspy; tUfpd;wd. ,NaRit
giltPuh;fs; Jd;GWj;jpa R+oypy; ,e;jr; nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. .

,e;j Ks;isr; ‘rhj;jhd; mDg;gpa J}jd;’ vd;W gTy;

rpj;jhpf;fpd;whH.rhj;jhid vjphpahf Fwpg;gpLfpwhH gTy;. jd; vjphpfis
rhj;jhdhf ghHj;jhH vd;W nrhd;dhYk; mJ rhpNa. jd; vjphpahfpa rhj;jhd;
nra;Ak; rjp Ntiyiaf; Fwpj;J mtH jpUKfq;fspy; Fwpg;gpLtJz;L. jd;
ew;nra;jpg; gzpia jLf;f Kay;gtdhf rhj;jhd; rpj;jhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. gTy;

34
F. F. Bruce, Paul: Apostle of the Heart Set Free (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm B. Eerdmans Publishers, 2000), 135.
35
fhz;: Ralph P. Martin, 2 Corinthians, Word Biblical Commentary, Vol.40 (Waco: Word Books, 1986), 390.

36
vNgrpaUf;F vOjpa klypy;>“myifapd; Vkhw;W topfis vjpHj;J epw;Fk;
typik ngWk;gb> flTs; jUk; vy;yhg; gilf; fyd;fisAk; mzpe;J
nfhs;Sq;fs;.” (vNg 6:10-13). cly; Neha; rhj;jhdpd; rjpr;nray; vd;W
NahG E}y; $WfpwJ. (NahG 2:6). ,iwek;gpf;ifia Mog;gLj;j my;yJ
xUtUila ,iwek;gpf;ifia mq;fPfhpf;f ek;gpf;ifahsNuh my;yJ
mUs;gzp nra;Nthhpd; rhd;Wtho;it mwptpf;f myifapd; Nrhjidfis
fle;J rhjid gilf;Fk; rhd;whsHfshf cUthtNj ,jd; nghUs;.
tptpypaj;jpy; ,j;jifa epiyghl;bw;F NahGtpd; tho;T rpwe;j
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;.

3.2.2. Ks;> xU nfhil

2 nfhhp 11: 30 kw;Wk; 12: 5 Mfpa ,uz;L ,lq;fspYk; gTy; jdJ

tYtpd;ikia gw;wp ngUkpjk; nfhs;fpwhH. jdf;F Vw;gl;bUf;Fk; Ks;
mDgtk; xU nfhilahf ghH;f;fpwhH gTy;. gTYila tho;it
xUq;fpizj;J nfhz;L nry;tJk; ,e;j Ks; mDgtk; jhd;.36 gTypd;
Md;kpf KjpHr;rpia mtuJ Nka;g;Gg; gzpapd; gy Nfhzq;fspy; fhz
KbfpwJ. 1 nfhhp 4: 12-y; Fiwfis fz;L fz;bf;Fk; gTy; jdJ tho;tpy;
Vw;gl;Ls;s Fiwia (Ks;is) fz;L Md;kpf KjpHr;rpNahL ifahSfpwhH.
Jd;GWtJ xU rPlj;Jt tho;tpd; flikAk; chpikAk; MFk;. ,e;j
flikia jhd; fpwp];JtplkpUe;J ngUfpd;w nfhil.

3.2.3. ,iwtdhy; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ

Ks; ,iwtdhy; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gij ,d;W ehk; vt;thW Ghpe;Jf;

nfhs;tJ? gpw,dj;jhUf;F ew;nra;jp mwptpf;Fk; gzp gTYf;F
nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;j gzpapy; jhd; Jd;gk;> ,lHghL> vjpHg;G Nghd;w
Kl;fs; mlq;fpapUf;fpd;wd. gTy; ,Wkhg;gpw;F jd;idNa ,of;fhkypUf;f
jd; gzpapy; flTs; gTypd; ,Wkhg;ig Fiwf;f je;j xd;whf cs;sJ.37

36
Murray J. Harris, The New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Second Epistle to the
Corinthians, 851.
37
Ronald Russell, “Redemptive Suffering and Paul’s Thorn in the Flesh,” JETS 39 (Dec. 1996): 559-570.

37
3.2.4. Fj;jpf;nfhz;NlapUg;gJ

Ks; xU ,iltplhj Nrhjidahf gTypd; tho;tpy; ,Ue;jpUf;f $Lk;.

,e;j Ks; ve;NeuKk; Jd;GWj;Jk; xd;whf ,Ue;jpUf;ff; $Lk;. ‘ve;NeuKk;
epidT+l;Ljy;’38 vd;gJ xU rpwg;ghd tptpypa nkhopahFk;. Ks; ve;NeuKk;
,iwtdpd; mUisr; Rl;bf;fhl;lf;$ba xd;whf mikfpd;wJ. gioa
Vw;ghl;by;> tpUj;jNrjdk; vd;gJ ahNt flTSf;Fk; ,];uNaYf;Fk; cs;s
cwtpd; milahskhfTk; xd;wpg;gpd; milahskhfTk; jpfo;fpd;wJ. mJ
Nghy;jhd; ,e;j Ks; xU rPlDf;Fk; jiytUf;Fk; cs;s cwtpd;
milahskha; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. gzpahsUf;Fk; mtH NjHe;Jf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;
mUs;gzpf;Fk; cs;s xd;wpg;gpd; milahskha; jpfo;fpd;wJ.gioa
Vw;ghl;by; Nytpah; mzpaf;$ba gl;lakhf ,Ue;j jpUr;rl;l rhuj;ij
Nghy> “cd; ifapy; milahskhf mtw;iwf; fl;bf;nfhs;. cd;
fz;fSf;fpilNa milahsg;gl;lkhf mit ,Uf;fl;Lk;.” (,r 6: 8). ,e;j
,uz;L tptpypa Nkw;Nfhs;fSk; ve;NeuKk; epidT+l;lf;$ba ,iw
cldpUg;ig $WtJNghy> ve;NeuKk; gTiyf; Fj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ks;
mtUf;Fk; mtuJ gzpf;Fk; cs;s <Lghl;il> <Hg;ig> ,iwxd;wpg;ig>
,iwguhkhpg;igAk; epidT+l;bf; nfhz;NlapUf;fpd;wJ. Fj;jpf;
nfhz;NlapUf;Fk; typ mtiu Jd;GWk; gzpahsuhf epidTWj;jpf;
nfhz;NlapUf;fpd;wJ.

4. ‘cly;’ (sarx, soma) - nrhy;yha;T

gioa Vw;ghl;by; cly; kw;Wk; Cd; Mfpa ,uz;LNk xNu nrhy;yhy;

Fwpg;gplg;gl;ld. Gjpa Vw;ghl;Lf; fpNuf;fj;jpy; ,uz;Lk; NtWgLj;jpf;
fhl;lg;gLfpd;wd. vgpNuaj;jpy; “grhH” (basar) vd;w nrhy; cliyf;
Fwpg;gjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.39 vgpNuaj;jpy; cly;-Md;kh vd;w gphpj;Jg;
ghHf;Fk; kdepiy ,y;iy. xU xUq;fpize;jg; ghHitia A+jf;
fz;Nzhl;lk; typAWj;JfpwJ.

38
Neil Richardson, Paul for Today: New Perspectives on a Contraversial Apostle, (London: Epworth, 2008), 49.
39
Murray Harris, 2 Corinthians, in The Expositor’s Bible Commentary, 851.

38
 fpNuf;fj;jpy; jhd; cliyf; Fwpf;f “Nrhkh” vd;Wk; jir my;yJ
rij vd;gijf; Fwpf;f “rhHf;];” vd;Wk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. cliyAk;
Md;khitAk; gphpj;Jg; ghHf;Fk; nfhs;ifia cilatHfs; vd;gjhy; ,g;gb
toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ehd; vLj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ma;Tg; ghlj;jpy;>“rhHf;]”;
vd;w nrhy;Ny toq;fg;gLfpwJ.40

4.1. cliyf; Fwpf;Fk; tptpypar; nrhw;fspd; gad;ghL

tptpypaj;jpy; cly; vd;gJ kdpjd; jd; cyf tho;tpd; NghJ

nfhz;bUe;J> rhtpy; mij tpl;Ltpl;L> capu;g;gpd; ehspy; kPz;Lk;
vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; ntWk; vYk;Gk; CDk; fye;j fyitahFk; vd;w
nghJthd fUj;jpypUe;J NtWgl;ljhFk;. cliyg; gw;wpa ,iwapaypy;
gTy; ,jidtpl kpf cau;e;j jFjpapid clYf;Ff; Nfhbl;L fhl;Lfpwhu;.
clyhdJ gy;NtW cWg;Gfis xd;W Nru;g;gNjhL kl;Lky;yhky;
ghtpnad;Dk; ,ay;ghd epiy> fpwp];Jtpw;nfd mUs;nghopT nra;ag;gl;l
epiy> mtDila kfpikapd; tho;T Nghd;w gy;NtW rpwg;G kpf;f epiyapy;
kdpjid milahsg;gLj;jpAk; fhl;LfpwJ.

4.2. cly; gw;wpa Gjpa Vw;ghl;Lg; gad;ghL

“rij” vd;gjd; nghUs;> Gjpa Vw;ghl;by; GJtbtk; ngw;Ws;sJ. fpNuf;f

fyhr;rhuj;jpy;> rij vd;gJ Md;khtpw;Ff; fPohd xd;whfNt ghu;f;fg;gl;lJ.
NkYk; fiyNahLk; tpisahl;NlhLk; njhlu;Gila xd;whfNt mjidf;
fUjpdu;> Nahthd; ew;nra;jpahsu;> “thf;F kdpju; Mdhu;” vdr;nrhy;yp>
rijf;F Gjpa mu;j;jj;ij mspj;jhu;.41,NaR epf;fNjKld; ciuahLfpwhu;;
“kdpjuhy; gpwg;gtu; kdpj ,ay;ig cilatu;. J}a Mtpahy; gpwg;gtu;
J}a Mtpapd; ,ay;ig cilatu;” (Nahth 3:6)> ,t;thW $wp> kdpj nray;
mjpf mu;j;jk; cs;sJ vd;fpwhu;> NkYk; ,NaR jkJ rPlu;fNshL
ciuahLfpd;w nghOJ> “tho;T jUtJ J}a MtpNa> Cdpay;G xd;Wf;Fk;

40
Guthrie, George H. Baker, Exegetical Commentary On The New Testament : 2 Corinthians, (Michigan: Baker
Academic, 2015), 589.
M. mNyhrpa]; Nrtpau; & ,. nua;kz;l; N[hrg;> gTy; rpe;jidf; fsQ;rpak;. (jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp:
41

mUs;thf;F kd;wk;> 2011)> 125.

39
cjthJ. ehd; $wpa thu;j;ijfs; tho;T jUk; Mtpiaf; nfhLf;fpd;wd”
vd;fpwhu; (Nahth 6: 63). kdpju;fshfpa ePq;fs; cliyAk;
ntspj;Njhw;wj;ijAk; ghu;j;Jj; jPu;g;gpLfpwPu;fs; ehd; mg;gb my;y vd;fpwhu;.
,t;thwhf> rij vd;gJ kdpj rpe;jidf;Nf mjpfk; cjTfpd;wJ>
gTybahNuh> rijf;F kPl;NghL njhlu;Gila nghUis mspf;fpd;whu;.
rijAk; MtpAk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W Kuzhditay;y. khwhf> mit
xd;Wf;nfhd;W cjtp nra;J KOikailgitahFk;.

4.3. gTypd; tho;tpYk; kly;fspYk; “cly;”

kdpj cliyg; gw;wpa gTypd; fz;Nzl;lk; A+j kuigj; jOtpNa

mike;Js;sJ. mtu; tsu;e;j fpNuf;ff; fyhr;rhuk; jj;Jtk; kw;Wk; kuigj;
jOtpajhfj; njupatpy;iy> nja;tf
P Md;khitr; rpiwg;gLj;jpa jPa
rf;jpahfNt kdpj cliyf; fpNuf;fj; jj;Jtk; fUjpaJ.42 Mdhy; A+j
kuNgh flTs; ey;ynjdf; fz;l khngUk; gilg;ghfNt kdpj cliyf;
fUjpaJ. vdNtjhd; kdpj cliyf; flTs; MrPu;tjpj;Jj; J}a;ikg;gLj;jpf;
fhj;jUsg; gTy; kd;whLfpd;whu; (1 njr 5:23). nghJthfj; jkJ
jpUKfq;fspy;> gTy; “cly;” vd;W vOJk;NghJ mopaf; $ba kdpj
cliyNa Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu; (cNuh 6:12; 8:11). flTspd; gilg;gpy; fhzf;
$ba gy;NtW tifahd cly;fisAk; (Cd;) xg;gpl;Lg; ghu;f;fpd;whu; (1
nfhup 15:37-40). rpy rkaq;fspy; gTy; jk;ikr; Rl;bf;fhl;l 'cly;” vd;Dk;
thu;j;ijiag; gad;gLj;Jfpd;whu; (1 nfhup 9: 27;> 13: 3; gpyp 1: 20). NkYk;>
,Nj nrhy;yhdJ gTypd; nrhy; tof;fpy; Md;khTk; clYk; Nru;e;j KO
kdpjidAk; Fwpf;fpd;wJ. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> cNuh 8: 23-,y; “ek; cliy
tpLf;Fk; ehis vd;W gTy; vOJfpd;whu;. Mdhy; mtu; nghUs; nfhs;tJ
“ehk; kPl;gilAk; ehis” vd;gNj! (cNuh 8: 10-11> 1 nfhup 6:12-20). mNj
Neuj;jpy; gTy; ,uz;L ,lq;fspy;> kdpj cly; ghtj;jpd; ,Ug;gplkhfTk;
rhtpd; Mjpf;fj;jpdhy; coy;tjhfTk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu; (cNuh 6: 6;> 7: 4).43

42
fhz;: M. mNyhrpa]; Nrtpau; & ,. nua;kz;l; N[hrg;> gTy; rpe;jidf; fsQ;rpak;> 77.
43
M. mNyhrpa]; Nrtpau; & ,. nua;kz;l; N[hrg;>gTy; rpe;jidf; fsQ;rpak;>78.

40
 kdpjdpd; ,wg;gpw;Fg; gpd;G kdpj clypd; epiy vd;d vd;gJ
Fwpj;Jk; gTy; tpsf;Ffpwhu;. flTshy; gilf;fg;gl;L> flTspd; rhaypy;
cUthf;fg;gl;l kdpj clyhdJ cz;ikapNyNa mopT fhzhJ. khwhf>
flTspd; ty;yikahy; khw;WUg; ngWfpd;wJ (1 nfhup 15: 35)> kdpj ,ay;G
nfhz;l cly; Mtpf;Fupa clyha; khWfpd;wJ vd;gNj mtuJ thjk;
(1nfhup 15: 44). ,k;khw;wk; epfo;tJ clypd; capu;j;njOy; ehspy;> ,e;j
capu;j;njOypd; clyhdJ vg;gb ,Uf;Fnkd;gij 1nfhup 15: 35-,y; gTy;
tpsf;f Kay;fpd;whu;. gTypd; fhyj;jpa A+ju;fspd; fz;Nzhl;lk; ,q;Fg;
gpujpgypg;gij ehk; fhzyhk; (fhz;: 2 gh& 50-51). ,wg;gpw;Fg; gpd;Gk;
njhlUk; kdpj cliyg; gw;wpg; Ngrpa gTy; rpy Kf;fpakhd Fwpg;Gfisg;
gw;wp nksdk; fhf;fpd;whu;. cjhuzkhf> capu;j;njOjYf;Fg; gpd;G
,Uf;ff;$ba Mtpf;Fupa cly; ve;nje;jf; Fzeyd;fisg; ngw;wpUf;Fk;?
Mz;> ngz;jd;ik njhlUkh? ,t;Tliyf; nfhz;L xUtu; kw;nwhUtiu
milahsk; fz;L nfhs;s KbAkh? capu;j;njOfpd;wNghJ clypd;
taJj;jd;ik vt;thW ,Uf;Fk;? clypd; epwk; njhlUkh? clypy;
,Uf;ff;$ba kugZf;fspd; fjp vd;d? vd;Dk; Nfs;tpfSf;Fg; gTypd;
jpUKfq;fspy; tpil fpilf;fhJ. capu;j;njOe;j cliyg; gw;wpa gTypd;
fz;Nzhl;lk; mwptpay; G+u;tkhdJ my;y: khwhf> ,iwapay; rhu;e;jJ.
,wg;gpw;Fg; gpd; clypd; capu;j;njOjy; cz;L vd;Dk; ek;gpf;if
kiwnghUisg; gTy; cjhuzq;fNshL vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whu;.

gTypd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; kdpj cly;> ,NaR fpwp];J kDTly;

vLj;jjd; %ykhf kfj;JtKk; khz;Gk; ngw;wJ.44 flTs; jd;ikapy;
tpsq;fpa mtu; kdpj cly; vLj;J ek;kpy; xUtuhdhu; (gpyp 26-7). ,jd;
%ykhf ,NaRtpd; tho;T eypTw;w khdpl clypy; ntspg;gl;lJ (2 nfhup
4: 10-11). ntspg;gl;lNjhL kl;Lkd;W ,NaR jkJ CDlypy; mDgtpj;j
,wg;gpd; topahf> kDf;Fyk; KOtijAk; flTs; Kd;dpiyapy;
khrw;NwhuhfTk; GdpjuhfTk; khw;wpdhu;. ,Wjpahf> ,NaR jkJ cliy>
mtu; fhl;bf; nfhLf;fg;gl;l ,utpy;> mg;gj;jpd; topahf mUsilahs

44
fhz;: k. MNuhf;fpauh[;> Gdpj gTy; - xU rfhg;jk;> (jpz;Lf;fy;: itfiwg; gjpg;gfk;> 2020)> 130.

41
Kiwapy; tpl;Lr; nrd;whu; (1 nfhup 11: 23-24). Kjy; ngw;Nwhupd; ghtj;jhy;
mope;j kdpj clypd; kPl;Gf;F ,NaRtpd; CDly; epr;rakhfj;
Njitg;gl;lJ. mtu;fspd; ghtj;jpdhy; rgpf;fg;gl;l kdpj cly;> ,NaRtpd;
kDtUthy; kPl;Gk; Nkd;ikAk; ngw;wJ.

gTy; clypd; Nkd;ikia gw;wpf; $Wk; NghJ Gjpa Vw;ghl;Lg; gpw

Mrpupau;fsplkpUe;J Kw;wpYk; khWgl;ltuha;> gTy; ,we;j clYf;F cly;
vd;Dk; nrhy;iyg; gad;gLj;Jtijj; jtpu;f;fpwhu;. kdpjDila kdpjr;
rpwg;Gfspy; xd;whd tho;tpidj; Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;w Mw;wiyg; gTy;
clYf;Fupanjd xJf;fpAs;shu; (cNuh 1:21> 1 nfhup 7:4; 6:13-20). kdpjdpd;
epiyapy;yhj> fle;J NghFk; $Wfis mjhtJ ntWk; kdpjj;
jd;ikAila $Wfis> rpwg;ghf kdpjdpd; ghtq;fs; gw;wpg; NgRk;NghJ
gTy; ,f;$Wfis clYf;Fr; rhw;wpf; $whky; CDf;Nf rhw;wpf; $Wfpwhu;.
,t;thW mtu; clypd; ghtq;fisg; gw;wpa ml;ltiziaf;
nfhLf;ftpy;iy (1 nfhup 6: 18-,y; cs;s “clYf;nfjpuhd ghtk;" vd;gJ
KO kdpjDf;F vjpuhd ghtj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLtjhf ,Uf;fyhk;). CDld;
NtWgLj;jg;gl;l epiyapy; clyhdJ kdpjj;Jtj;jpd; ntspg;ghlhf
,Ug;gjhy; mJ kdpjdhy; kjpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.45

cly;> Cdhy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gJ gTypd; epiyg;ghL.

ghtk; ciwfpd;w CdhdJ (cNuh 7:20) clypd; kPJ fl;Lg;ghl;il
Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;fpwJ. mjdhy; “ght Cd;” ,Ug;gJ Nghd;W (cNuh 8:3)
'ght clYk;” (cNuh 6:6) cs;sJ.46 ghtkhdJ clypd; kPJ Mjpf;fk;
nrYj;jf; $bajhf ,Uf;fpwJ (cNuh 6:16). mjd; tpisthf clNy
kuzj;jpw;F ,l;Lr;nry;fpwJ (cNuh 7:24). ,t;thW clyhdJ jho;thd
epiyf;F (gpyp 3:21)> ,opthd epiyf;Ff; (1 nfhup 15:43) Fiwf;fg;gLfpwJ.
KOtJk; Gdpjkw;w ,r;irfis epiwthff; nfhz;ljha; (cNuh 6:12)
clyhdJ rpw;wpd;g nray;fisr; nra;fpwJ (cNuh 8:13). gTypd; ,j;jifa
,iwapaypy; clyhdJ> Cid mbikj;jdj;jpw;Fj; jho;j;Jfpd;w rl;lk;>

45
fhz;: k. MNuhf;fpauh[;. Gdpj gTy; - xU rfhg;jk;>130.
46
fhz;: t.khpajhrd;> jpUtptpypa tpsf;fk;: 2 nfhhpe;jpaH> (jpUr;rp: mUs;thf;F kd;wk; kw;Wk; kJiu:
jkpo; ,iwapay; E}NyhH FO> 2003)> 246.

42
ghtk; kw;Wk; kuzk; vd;Dk; %d;W rf;jpfSf;F> cl;gl;ljhf cs;sJ
(cNuh 7:5) vd;fpwhH gTy;.47

4.4. ‘cly;’- gTy; fhl;Lk; rpwg;G milahsq;fs;

“clypy; ijj;j Ks;” vd;W vLj;jhsg;gLk; nrhy;yhliy fUj;jpy;

nfhz;L> %d;W rpwg;G milahsq;fis48 gTypd; “cly;” vd;wr; nrhy;
ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wjhf fhz KidfpNwd;. mit: jpUmitf;fhd Xu;
cUtfk;> J}a Mtpahupd; ,y;yplk;> jpUj;J}J tYtpd;ik MFk;.

4.4.1. jpUj;J}jH vDk; epiyapy; tYtpd;ik

nfhupe;jpau;fs; gTiy ghu;j;j tpjk; rw;W jho;thf ,Ue;jJ. ];lhd;yp

gp. khNuh vd;w ,iwapayhh;> gTy; %d;W epiyfspy; jho;thf fUjg;gl;lhH
vd;Wf; $Wfpwhu;.49

• xd;W> mtH xU cz;ikj; jpUj;J}ju; ,y;iy vd;gjhy; ,tH

epuhfupf;fg;gl;lhH (2 nfhhp 12:12)
• ,uz;lhtjhf> mtu; fpwp];Jit rhu;e;jtH ,y;iy vd;W
jho;j;jg;gl;lhH (2 nfhhp 10:7).
• %d;whtjhf> fpwp];J mtuplk; Ngrtpy;iy vd;W ,fog;gl;lhH (2
nfhhp 13:3).

NkYk;> gTypd; vjpupfs; nfhhpe;jpaj; jpUmitapy; ehd;F tpjq;fspy;

jq;fis nka;g;gpj;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. jq;fis vgpNuauhfTk;> ,];uNayuhfTk;
Mgpufhkpd; top kughfTk; fpwp];Jtpd; gzpahsuhfTk; jq;fis gw;wp
mwpKfg;gLj;jpapUf;f Ntz;LK;. vdNtjhd; jhKk; mj;jifatu; vd;gij
vz;gpf;f gTy; ,t;thW $wpapUf;f Ntz;Lk; (2 nfhhp 11:22-23).50 ,j;jifa

47
fhz;: Erik DiVietro, “An Examination of Paul’s “Thorn in the Flesh” , Dissertation, Liberty University
Baptist Theological Seminary, December 2, 2014, 89.
48
Terence Y. Mullins, “Paul’s Thorn in the Flesh,” Journal of Biblical Literature 76 (1957), 299.
49
Stanley B. Marrow, Paul: His Letters & His Theology, The Correspondence in 2 Corinthians, (New York:
Paulist Press, 1986), 56.
50
fhz;: Erik DiVietro, “An Examination of Paul’s “Thorn in the Flesh” , Dissertation, 6.

43
jpUj;J}J tYtpd;ik> clypy; ijj;j Ks; Nghy
Fj;jpf;nfhz;NlapUe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

4.4.2. J}a Mtpahupd; ,y;yplk;

Mtpapy; tho;T gw;wp gTy; $WfpwhH. Mtpapd; nrayhw;wy; tpLjiy

nfhLg;gJ. ,e;j tpLjiyia mila MtpAld; xd;wpj;j epiy mtrpankd
gTy; czHfpd;whH. ek; cly; J}a MtpahHpd; ,y;yplk; vd;gij %d;W
Nkw;Nfhs;fisf; nfhz;L mwpayhk;.

m.) 1 nfhhp 3: 16

“ePq;fs; flTSila Nfhtpnyd;Wk; flTspd; Mtpahu; cq;fspy;

FbapUf;fpwhu; vd;Wk; cq;fSf;Fj; njupahjh?”

M.) 1 nfhhp 6: 19

“cq;fs; cly; ePq;fs; flTsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhz;l J}a Mtp jq;Fk;

Nfhtpy; vd;W njupahjh? ePq;fs; cq;fSf;F cupatuy;y.”

,.) cNuh 8: 11

“fpwp];Jit capu;j;njor; nra;j mtNu cq;fSs; Fbnfhz;bUf;Fk; jk;

MtpapdhNy rhTf;Fupa cq;fs; cly;fisAk; capu; ngwr; nra;thu;.”

J}a Mtpahhpd; ,y;yplkha; ,Uf;fpd;w cliy Fj;Jk; Kl;fis

fise;njwpa gTy; jd; kly;fspy; rpwg;ghf nfhhpe;jpa kly;fspy; mwpTiu
jUfpwhH.

4.4.3. jpUmitf;fhd Xu; cUtfk;

gTy; jpUmitia ‘fpwp];Jtpd; cly;’ vd;fpwhh;. jpUr;rig gw;wpAk;

jpUg;gzpfs; gw;wpAk; gTy; nfhz;bUe;j ,iwapay; Ghpjy; ekf;F kpFe;j
mh;j;jk; cilait. jpUr;rigapd; ,ay;igr; Rl;bf;fhl;l ‘,iwtdpd;
kf;fs;’> ‘jpUf;Nfhapy;;’, ‘fpwp];Jtpd; kiw cly;’ vDk; cUtfj;ijj;jhd;
fpwp];Jitj; jiyahfTk; mtUila ek;gpf;ifahsh;fis

44
cWg;Gf;fshfTk; nfhz;l cly; vd mth; jpUr;rigia
cUtfg;gLj;Jfpwhh;.51

gTy; fpwp];Jtpd; ek;gpf;ifahsHfis clYf;F rkk; vd;W

$wtpy;iy khwhf mtHfs; XH clyhf cs;shHfs; vd typAWj;jpf;
$WfpwhH. jpUmit fpwp];Jtpy; XUly; (cNuh 12: 5) vd;Wk; fpwp];Jtpd;
cly; (1 nfhhp 12: 27) vd;Wk; jpUmitapd; cWg;gpdHfs; fpwp];Jtpd;
cly; (1 nfhhp 6: 15) vd;Wk; $WfpwhH. jpUmit fpwp];Jtpd; clyhf>
kiwnghUshf cs;sij gTy; $WfpwhH. jpUmit vd;Dk; fpwp];Jtpd;
cliy ijf;Fk; Kl;fis md;iwa nfhhpe;jpa jpUmitapy; ,dq;fz;L
rhba gTiyg; Nghy ,d;iwa ekJ ek;gpf;if tho;tpy; jpUmit vDk;
cliy ijf;fpd;w Kl;fisAk; mLj;j myfpy; fhz;Nghk;.

cly; xd;Nw cWg;Gfs; gy. clypd; cWg;Gfs; gythapDk; cly;

xd;whapUg;gJNghy fpwp];JTk; ,Uf;fpwhu;. Vnddpy;> A+juhdhYk;
fpNuf;fuhdhYk;> mbikfshdhYk; cupikf; Fbkf;fshdhYk; ehk;
vy;yhUk; xNu J}a Mtpahy; xNu clyha; ,Uf;Fk;gb jpUKOf;Fg;
ngw;Nwhk;. me;j xNu MtpiaNa ghdkhfTk; ngw;Nwhk;.,t;thwhf gy;NtW
egHfshf Viofshf gzf;fhuHfshf> jho;e;jtuhf caHe;jtuhf
,Ue;jhYk; vy;NyhUk; ,NaR vd;Dk; clypd; cWg;Gf;fs; vd;gij 1nfhhp
12: 27 ,y; $WfpwhH.52 (ePq;fs; fpwp];Jtpd; cly;; xt;nthUtUk; mjd;
jdpj;jdp cWg;Gfs;). 1 nfhhp 12: 25 ,y; xt;nthU cWg;Gk; kw;w cWg;ig
Fwpj;J ftiyf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;tjd; thapyhf xUtH
kw;wtiu Vw;W mtHfSila czHTfis Ghpe;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;
vd;fpwhH. vdNt ePq;fs; Nkyhd mUs; nfhiliaNa Mu;tkha; ehLq;fs;.
vy;yhtw;iwAk;tplr; rpwe;j newp xd;iw ehd; cq;fSf;F vLj;Jf;
fhl;LfpNwd;.,t;thwhf vy;NyhUk; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba Gjpanewpia
ekf;Fj; jUfpwhH.

51
,. nua;kz;l; N[hrg;> ,uz;lhapuj;jpy; gTy;: ,d;iwa jpUr;rigapd; gzp XH Ma;T> (jpUr;rp;: Njly;
ntspaPL> 2009)> 47.
52
fhz;: ,. nua;kz;l; N[hrg;> ,uz;lhapuj;jpy; gTy;: ,d;iwa jpUr;rigapd; gzp XH Ma;T>49.

45
J}aMtpapd; nfhilfs; tuq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd mJ vf;fhuzj;ijf;
nfhz;Lk; Ra eyj;jpw;fhf gad;gLj;jf; $lhJ mJ nghJ Njitf;fhf
kl;LNk. vd;gij ,t;tsT Neuk; ghh;j;Njhk;. ,t;tsT nfhilfSk;
tuq;fSk; ,Ue;jhYk; Gdpj gTy; nfhhpe;jpaUf;F rpwe;j newp gw;wp
NgRfpwhh;. rpwe;j newpiag; gw;wp $Wtjw;F Kd;ghf midj;J nfhilfs;
tuq;fis xd;wpize;j clyhf ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW> cliy itj;J
jpUmitapaiy fw;gpf;fpd;whH gTy;.53

5. mUs; - xU fz;Nzhl;lk;

mUs; vd;gJ flTsplkpUe;J ngw;wjdpr; rYifia> jdp md;igf;

Fwpf;fpd;wJ. ,J kPl;NghL njhlu;Gilajhf ,Uf;fyhk;; vjpu;fhy
thf;FWjpahfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. gioa Vw;ghl;by; 'mUs;” vd;gJ xUtu;
kw;wtiu KOtJkha;r; rhu;e;J nfhs;tijNa Fwpf;fpd;wJ.54 eLepyf;fly;
rhu;e;j gz;ghl;by;> khepyk; kf;fSf;F toq;Fk; fyhr;rhuk; fhzg;gl;lJ.
murhq;fk; jd; kf;fspd; mbg;gilj; Njitfis epiwT nra;a
KbahjNghJ> ahuhy; KbANkh> mtu;fisr; rhu;e;J thOk; gz;G>
mf;fyhr;rhuj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ. ,J ,U rkkhdtu;fSf;F ,ilNaahd cwT
kl;Lky;y khwhf> cau;trjpapy; ,Ug;gtu;fs; jho;epiyapy; cwit
,Ug;gtu;fNshL nfhz;Ls;s milahsg;gLj;JtJkhFk;. ,g;gpd;dzpNahL
flTisAk; mtu;fs; Gupe;J nfhz;ldu;. gioa Vw;ghl;Lf; fhyj;jpy;>
flTNs ,];uNayiuj; njupT nra;jhu;. ehd; cq;fs; flTs;; ePq;fs; vd;
kf;fs; vdf; flTNs thf;FWjp mspj;jhu;. mt;tbg;gilapy; mtNu
nrayhw;wj; Jtq;fpdhu;. kf;fs; Ntw;Wj; nja;tq;fis ehbr; nrd;W mtiu
tpl;L tpyfpa NghJ> NkhNr ,];uNay; kf;fisf; fPo;g;gbAkhW mwpTiu
toq;fpr; nrhd;dJ: “cq;fSf;F Kw;gl;l gz;ilaf; fhyj;ijg;gw;wpf;
Nfl;Lj; njupe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. flTs;> cyfpy; kdpjidg; gilj;j ehs;
Kjy;> thdj;jpd; xU Kid Kjy; kWKid tiuf;Fk; vq;fhtJ
,j;jifa khngUk; nray; ele;jJz;lh? my;yJ ,JNghy

53
fhz;: ,. nua;kz;l; N[hrg;> ,uz;lhapuj;jpy; gTy;: ,d;iwa jpUr;rigapd; gzp XH Ma;T>50.
54
N[. njNahgpy];> t. ,uNgy;& [h. vy;gpd;];ld;> tptpypa ,iwapay; mfuhjp> (nrd;id:
nry];bay; kPbah> 2018)> 16.

46
Nfs;tpg;gl;lJz;lh?" (,r 4:32-34). ,J flTs; Fwpg;gpl;l kf;fspdk; kPJ
nfhz;l jdpg;gl;l md;ghNy ele;NjwpaJ. ,jw;F Kd;Gk; Nehth (njhE}
6:8)> ahf;NfhG (njhE} 19:17-22)> NkhNr (tpg 33:12-13) Nghd;Nwhiu khngUk;
jiytuhf;fpaJ flTspd; jdpg;gl;l md;Ng MFk;. Gjpa Vw;ghl;by;
,NaRtpd; ghLfs;> ,wg;G> capHg;G Mfpa epfo;Tfspd; topahf kPl;gspf;Fk;
mUis ehk; ngw;wpUf;fpd;Nwhk;. gTYk; jdJ fbjq;fspy; ‘flTspd; mUs;’
vd;W tho;j;JfpwhH.55 mUs; tuq;fisAk; nfhilfisAk;
vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whH. mUs; ,d;Wk; jpUmitapd; mUsilahsq;fs; topahf
nghopag;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

6. ,iwapay; ghHitfs;

gTypd; ,iwapay; jdpj;jd;ik tha;e;jit. rw;W fbdkhd

,iwapay; tpsf;fq;fis gTy; je;jhYk; kpf Mokhd ,iwek;gpf;if
tho;tpw;F mbehjkha; ,Uf;Fk; rpe;jidfshy; nrwpT+l;Lfpd;whH. clypy;
ijj;j Ks; ,d;W ekf;F fhl;Lk; ,iwapaiy ju Kide;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;.

6.1. Ks; ,iwapay;

• Ks; vd;gJ xU rPlhpd; ntFkjp

• Ks; vd;gJ jpUj;J}jhpd; mq;fpfhuk;
• Ks; vd;gJ mUs;gzpfspd; milahsk;
• Ks; vd;gJ Nghuhl;l tho;tpd; ghpR
• Ks; vd;gJ fpwp];Jtpd; ghLfspd; gfpHjy;
• ,Wjpapy; Ks; vd;gJ XH mtrpak;

vitnay;yhk; ekJ xd;wpg;ig Fj;jpf; fhag;gLj;Jfpd;wdNth> mit ahTk;

Kl;fs;. Ks; kPl;gpd; ,d;wpaikah mq;fk;. ,e;j Ks; gw;wpa
,iwapayhf;fk;> $l;baf;f jpUmitahf gazpf;f ek;ik jahH nra;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ntisapy; ekJ xd;wpg;gpw;Fk;> gq;Nfw;gpw;Fk;> ew;nra;jpg;
gzpf;Fk; Njitg;gLfpwJ. r%f jsj;jpypUe;J ek;ik ijf;Fk; Kl;fshfpa

55
fhz;: M. mNyhrpa]; Nrtpau; & ,. nua;kz;l; N[hrg;> gTy; rpe;jidf; fsQ;rpak;>19.

47
rhjpak;> nghUshjhu Vw;wj;jho;T> mjpfhu gyk; kw;Wk; rkaj; jsj;jpypUe;J
ek; jpUmitia ijf;Fk; epWtdj;jd;ik> gfl;L tho;T> jpUepiyapdH
Mjpf;fk;> ghypay; KiwNfLfs;> fhl;rpahFk; topghl;L epfo;Tfs; Mfpa
Kl;fis fise;njwpa gTypd; vjpHNehf;if ehk; nfhz;L nray;gl
Ntz;Lk;.

6.2. typ ,iwapay;

typ ,y;iyNay; cwT ,y;iy. cwT Ntz;Lk; vd;why; cukhf

Ntz;Lk;. mLj;jthpd; tho;tpy; topia Vw;gLj;j ekJ tho;tpy; typfis
re;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,ij jhd; gTy; jd; tho;tpy; nra;fpwhH. mtuJ clypy;
ijj;j Ks; $Wk; Mokhd ghlkpJ. Vida ,lq;fspy; $Wtijf;
fhl;bYk; typia ‘rhtpd; mDgtj;jpw;F’ xj;j epfo;thfNt gTy;
ghHf;fpd;whH.56,j;jifa rhtpd; topahf jd; nfhhpe;jpaj; jpUmitf;F
tho;T jUgtuhfkhWfpwhH gTy;.

gTYf;F Vw;gl;l ,e;j typia gTy; vjpHf; nfhz;l ghiytd

mDgtkhf ghHf;f KbAk;. Jd;gq;fspd; kj;jpapy; flTspd; mUSf;fhd>
MWjYf;fhd vjpHNehf;if gTy; jUfpwhH. gTy; nfhhpe;jpa kf;fis
xUKiw kl;Lky;y ,UKiw re;jpf;f tpiofpwhH. nfhhpe;J jpUmitapdH
ntspg;gilahf gTypd; kPJ Nfhgk; nfhs;fpd;wdH. mtH jhkjkhf
te;jjhy; my;y khwhf mtHfSila juhjuj;ij fz;L gTy; rhLtjhy;
vhpr;ry; nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,j;jifa epiyg;ghLfs; midj;Jk; gTypd;
gzptho;tpy; typia Vw;gLj;jpd.57

6.3. tYtpd;ikapd; ,iwapay; (2 nfhhp 10: 1 – 11: 15 ; 12: 5 – 13: 10)

gTy; jd; thjj;jpy;> mtuJ kdTWjpia gw;wpf; $wpj; Jtq;FfpwhH.

NghH fUtpfisf; nfhz;L nray;gLk; gilf;F jd;id xg;gpLfpwhH (1 nfhhp
10: 3-4). jhd; fdpTk; ,uf;fKk; nfhz;L nray;gLtjhf $WfpwhH (1 nfhhp
10: 1). vNukpah ,iwthf;fpdH “jfHj;jplTk; fl;lTk;” miog;G ngw;wJ

56
fhz;: m.gPl;lH mgPH> gTy;: Jwtpah? J}Jtuh?> 113.
57
fhz;: k. MNuhf;fpauh[;. Gdpj gTy; - xU rfhg;jk;> (jpz;Lf;fy;: itfiwg; gjpg;gfk;> 2020)> 146.

48
Nghy> gTy; “fl;Ltjw;fhf” miog;gpidg; ngWfpwhH.58 tYtpd;ik vd;W
Njhd;Wtijf; Fwpj;J Fiwthf kjpg;gpl Ntz;lhk; vd ek;gpf;ifahsH
r%fj;jpw;F gTy; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whH.

jd; tYtpd;ikia gTy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhH (2 nfhhp 12: 5).gTy;

jdJ tYtpd;ikia ngUikahf fUJfpwhH. gTy; tYtpd;ik gw;wpf;
$Wtij %d;W epiyfspy; ghh;fpd;Nwd;.;

• Xd;W> tYtpd;ik ,iwMw;wypd; ,lkhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j

tYtpd;ik jhd; flTspd; typik jq;Fk; ,lkhf cs;sJ (2
nfhhp 12: 9).
• ,uz;L>gzpahshpd; tYtpd;ikAk; ek;gpf;ifahsHfspd;
typikiaAk; $WfpwhH gTy; (2 nfhhp 13: 8). ekJ gzptho;tpy;
gy jUzq;fspy; xg;gilf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ek;gpf;ifahsHfis
Mw;wy;gLj;j> mtHfis typikahf;f gzpahsHfs; jq;fspd;
tYit ,of;f NehpLk;.
• %d;W> ek;gpf;ifahsHfs; epiwT miltNj jpUj;J}J tho;tpd;
kfpo;r;rp. mUs;gzp tho;tpy; Vw;gLk; tYtpd;ik
ek;gpf;ifahsHfis epiwtho;tpw;F mioj;Jr; nry;Yk; vdpy;
mJNt gzptho;tpd; ntw;wpthif. Jd;gj;jpd; top jhd; kPl;G.
tYtpd;ikapd; topjhd; epiwtho;T.59

2 nfhupe;jpau; 12:7-9 vDk; tptpypag; ghlj;jpy;> tYtpd;ikapd;

nghUl;L fPo;fhZk; epiyg;ghLfis vLf;fpwhH.

m. kdjpy; ctif milfpd;whH

M. ngUik ghuhl;LfpwhH.

,. ty;yik jq;Fk; vDk; cWjpf; nfhs;fpd;whh;.

58
fhz;: ,. nua;kz;l; N[hrg;> ,uz;lhapuj;jpy; gTy;: ,d;iwa jpUr;rigapd; gzp XH Ma;T> 43.
59
fhz;: m.gPl;lH mgPH> gTy;: Jwtpah? J}Jtuh?> 191.

49
<. mfkfpo;fpwhH

tYtpd;ikapd; ,iwapay;> mUs;gzpapd; rthy;fspy; ctif milAk;

tho;it Kd; itf;fpd;wJ. tYtpd;ikia Fwpj;J ngUik ghuhl;LjYk;
mfkfpo;jYk; ,iwek;gpf;if tho;tpd; ,d;wpaikahjjhf mikfpd;wJ.
Ks;Sf;Fk; clYf;Fkhd Nghuhl;lj;jpy; ,iw ty;yik Jiz epw;fpd;wJ.

6.4. Nghuhl;l ,iwapay;

xU gzpahsUf;F moF NrHg;gJ Nghuhl;lk;. xU gzpahsUf;F

mHj;jk; jUtJ Nghuhl;lk;. xU gzpahsUf;F mUs; toq;FtJ Nghuhl;lk;.
xU gzpahsUf;F mq;fPfhuk; nfhLg;gJ Nghuhl;lk;. xU gzpahshpd;
tho;it myq;fhpg;gJ Nghuhl;lk;. xU ey;y Nghuhspjhd; ey;y rPluhf> ey;y
jpUj;J}juhf> ey;y gzpahsuhf ,Uf;f KbAk;. gTypd; ‘clypy; ijj;j
Ks;’ mtUila Nghuhl;lq;fspd; cr;r epiy ntspg;ghL vd;Nw nrhy;y
Ntz;Lk;. njhlf;fj;jpy; jd; rl;lj;jpw;fhf Nghuhbdhh;. jd; ,dj;
J}a;ikf;fhf NghuhbdhH. njhlf;f jpUmitf;F vjpuhf NghuhbdhH.
jLj;jhl;nfhs;sg;gl;l gpd; jhDk; xU jpUj;J}jH vd;W epiyehl;l
NghuhbdhH (2 nfhhp 12:11). jd; clNyhL NghuhbdhH. cs;sj;NjhL
NghuhbdhH. jd; capNuhL NghuhbdhH (2 nfhhp 11:23). jd; cld;
gzpahsHfNshL NghuhbdhH. ,Wjpapy; cNuhik murplKk; NghuhbdhH.

,d;iwa ekJ NghuhLk; jpUmit my;yJ gazpf;Fk; jpUmitf;fhd

,iwapaiy ehk; gTypd; Nghuhl;lq;fs; fhl;Lk; xspapy; gazpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
ew;nra;jp vd;w ed;ikf;Fk;> jPikNa cUthd myifapd; J}z;Ljyf;Fk;
mbgzpe;j kdpjHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa elf;Fk; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; gpd;dzpapy;
gTypd; Nghuhl;lj;ij ehk; fhz Ntz;Lk;.60ed;ikia ehLk; gTypd;
kdj;jpw;Fk; jPaij ehLk; mtuJ Cdpay;Gf;Fk; ,ilNaAs;s ngUk;
Nghuhl;lj;ij mDgtpf;fpwhH. ,e;j Nghuhl;lj;jpd; cr;rj;ijjhd; jdJ
,Wjp klyhd cNuhikaUf;F ,t;thW vOJfpwhH gTy;:“me;Njh!

60
fhz;: m.gPl;lH mgPH> gTy;: Jwtpah? J}Jtuh?> 108.

50
,uq;fj;jf;f kdpjd; ehd;! rhTf;Fs;shFk; ,e;j clypdpd;W vd;id
tpLtpg;gtH ahH?” (cNuh 7:24).61

6..5. epiw mUspd; ,iwapay;

gTypd; jpUkly;fspy; flTspd; mUs; gw;wp tphpthf

tpthpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.fhhp]; vd;w nrhy;Yf;F “flTs; jkJ jd;ikf;F Vw;g
nray;gLk; tpjk;” vd;Wk; nghUs; fhz KbAk;.62ek; tho;tpy; cs;s
Kl;fNshL nfhz;Ls;s Nghuhl;lj;jpy; mUs; ekf;F toq;fg;gLfpwJ. gTy;
jdJ Jd;gq;fs;> Jauq;fs;> rthy;fs;> rWf;fy;fs; midj;jpYk;
,iwtdpd; mUs; NkNyhq;fpaUg;gij czHe;jhH.

,d;W ehk; fhZk; Nghuhl;lq;fspNy> r%f rka Jd;GWj;jy;fspNy

,iwaUSf;fhd Njliy> ,iwcldpUg;gpd; Jzpit ekf;F ‘clypy;
ijj;j Ks;’ fw;Wj; jUfpwJ. fpwpj;jt rPlj;Jt tho;tpy;> jpUj;J}Jg;
gzpfspy; gy;NtW tYtpd;ikahy;> Nrhjidfshy; Jtz;LNghfpd;w NghJ
,e;j mUs; jhd; ek;ik mutizf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j mUs;jhd; jpUmitapd;
njhlH Vf;fkhfTk;; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

7. KbTiu

kpfTk; tpthjj;jpw;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;l xd;whd gTypd; $w;whf “clypy;

ijj;j Ks;” ,Ue;jhYk;> ,e;j $w;wpy; nksdKk; Gije;jpUf;fpd;wJ.
tptpypa gpd;dzpapy; tptpypa nrhy;yha;itAk; xg;GikfisfisAk;
tpsf;fq;fisAk; Gjpa ,iwapay; rpe;jidfisAk; xUq;fpizj;J ju
Kide;Js;Nsd;. tptpypa kw;Wk; tuyhw;W tpkh;rd Kiwapy; ,tw;iw
toq;fpAs;Nsd;. ,dp ,e;j ‘clypy; ijj;j Ks;’ $w;i
; w jkpof
jpUmitapd; mUs;gzp R+oiktpy; ,iwapayhf;fj;ij mLj;j myfpy;
fhz;Nghk;.

61
fhz;: m.gPl;lH mgPH> gTy;: Jwtpah? J}Jtuh?> 126.
62
M. mNyhrpa]; Nrtpau; & ,. nua;kz;l; N[hrg;> gTy; rpe;jidf; fsQ;rpak;> 19.

51
 myF – 3

“clypy; ijj;j Ks;” (2 nfhupe;jpau; 12:7-9)> jkpof jpUmitapd;

R+oiktpy; mUs;gzpf;fhd rthy;fs;

1. Kd;Diu

fpwp];Jtpd; kiwAlyhf ,Uf;Fk; jpUmitapy; ,d;W ehk; gy Vw;wj;

jho;TfisAk;> Nghl;b kdg;ghd;ikiaAk;> nfhhpe;jpaf; fl;rp
kdg;ghd;ikiaAk; fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. jpUmitia fhag;gLj;JtJ vJthf
,Ue;jhYk; mit Kl;fshfNt ghHf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,d;iwa jpUmitapd;
gzpfspy; rhpTfisAk; Njha;TfisAk; ehk; fhz KbfpwJ.
gTypd; “clypy; ijj;j Ks;” vDk; $w;W vt;thW ,d;iwa
jpUmit R+oypy; nghUe;Jk; vd;gijAk; mUs;gzp tho;tpw;fhd rthy;fis
vjpHnfhs;s mUSf;fhd NjliyAk; ,e;j ,Wjp myfpy; fhz;Nghk;.

2. r%fj; jsj;jpypUe;J jpUmitia ijf;Fk; Kl;fs;

,d;iwa jpUmit cyf r%fj;NjhL xd;wpj;J tho miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

,uz;lhk; tj;jpf;fhd; rq;fj;jpd; “,d;iwa cyfpy; jpUr;rig” vDk; VL
,e;jf; fUj;J kpfTk; typAWj;jg;gLfpd;. jdp kdpjiu kl;Lky;y khwhf
FOk czu;NthL Nru;e;J r%f tho;tpy; kPl;ig cUthf;f jpUmit
ghLglNtz;Lk.; Mdhy; ,d;W xU Fwpg;gpl;l r%fj;jpDila gpwo;Tfs;
jpU mitAk; Gz;gLj;jp ,Uf;fpd;wd. ekJ ,e;jpa r%fj;jpy; GiuNahbf;
fpilf;ff;$ba rdhjd ju;kKk; kDju;kk; ekJ ,e;jpaj; jpUmit
ghjpj;jpUf;fpd;wd. ,e;jpaj; jpUmitia tYtpof;f nra;jpUf;fpd;wd.
rhjpa fl;likg;Gfs;> jPz;lhik> kdpju;fs; kl;by; cs;s Vw;wj;jho;Tfs;
,it midj;Jk; ghu;g;gdpa r%fj;jpDila Mjpf;fj;jpdhy; ,e;jpa
fpwpj;jt r%fj;jpYk; Eioe;Jtpl;ld. kdkhw;wk; mile;j ekJ
Kd;Ndhu;fs; fpwpj;jtj;jpw;Fk; ,j;jifa ghu;g;gdpa gz;GfNshL
Eioe;jjd; tpisthf ,d;iwa r%fk; ghjpg;gile;Js;sJ. rhjpak; ekJ
jkpof jpUmitia kpfTk; Fj;jpf; fpopf;Fk; epiyia ehk; fhz;fpd;Nwhk.;
52
2.1. rhjpak;

rhjpak; jkpof jpUmitia gpbj;Js;s rhgf;NfL.63 ek; jpUmitapy;

Ml;bg;gilf;Fk; xU nfhLk; jPik. ek; jkpof R+oiktpy; ve;j xU gq;F
rKjhaj;ij rw;W Mokhf Nehf;fpdhYk; mq;Nf Mz;lhz;L fhykhf
gbe;J fpilf;ff;$ba rhjpa fl;likg;ig ehk; fhzKbAk.; rhjpaj;jpd;
ngauhy; gpsTz;L fpilf;ff;$ba gupjhg epiyia ekJ md;gpaq;fspYk;
gq;F NguitfspYk; Vd; jpUtopghl;L nfhz;lhl;lq;fspYk; ehk;
fhz;fpd;Nwhk;. rhjpf;nfhU Nfhapy;> rhjpf;F xU jpUtpoh> rhjpf;nfd;W xU
fy;yiw vd gpuptpid jpUmitapd; cz;ik tho;tpw;F vjpHnray;ghlhf
cs;sd.
ekJ topghLfs; ekJ mUs; milahs nfhz;lhl;lq;fs; ,it
midj;Jk; rhjpaj;jpw;F mbgzpe;J fpilf;Fk;tiu ,NaRtpd; yl;rpaf;
fdthd ,iwahl;rpia xUNghJk; edthf;f KbahJ. vd;iwf;F
fpwp];jtk; jkpo; kz;zpy; fhY}d;w njhlq;fpaNjh md;W Kjw;nfhz;L
rhjpaj;NjhL rkurk; nra;J nfhz;lJ jhd; tuyhw;W cz;ik. ,e;j
tuyhw;W cz;ikia ehk; kpf vspjhf vLj;J tpl KbahJ. ,d;Wk; gyu;
gq;F jsq;fspy; Mjpf;f rhjpapdu; vd;W mioj;Jf; nfhz;L mtu;fNshL
gq;F mUs;gzpahsu;fspd; cwT KiwfSk; me;j Mjpf;f rhjpapdUila
FLk;gq;fSf;F jdpg;gl;l rYiffSk; toq;fg;gLtij ehk; ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk.;64
,e;j rhjpaj;jpd; gpbapy; ek; jpUmit jkpofj;jpy; ,d;W jdJ
ek;gfj;jd;ikia ,oe;J tpl;lJ. fpwp];Jtpd; clyhf fUjg;glf;$ba
jpUmitapy; rhjp czu;T vd;gJ fpwp];Jtpd; clYf;F ehk;
tpistpf;ff;$ba ,Of;fhf nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. vdNt rhjpak; vd;gJ xU
Ks;. ,e;j rhjpak; vd;w Ks; kdpj khz;Gf;F vjpuhf nray;gLfpd;wJ.
,e;j rhjpak; vd;w Ks; ,iwtdpd; gilg;G nraYf;F vjpuhf
nray;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j rhjpak; vd;w Ks; fpwp];Jtpd; cly; Rl;bf;
fhl;Lfpd;w xd;wpg;gpw;;F vjpuhf nray;gLfpd;wJ.

63
fhz;: v];. Njtuh[;> khw;wk; NjLk; jpUr;rig> (jpz;Lf;fy;: itfiwg; gjpg;gfk;> 2006)> 151.
64
mUl;flyhH> ghHit gjpT gazk;: ,e;jpa-jkpof ,iwr; rKjhaj;jpd; rthy;fSk; rhj;jpaq;fSk;>
(jpz;Lf;fy;: itfiwg; gjpg;gfk;> 2004)> 70.

53
 kf;fspilNa gupzkpf;Fk; md;igAk; xw;WikiaAk; nfhupe;J efu
kf;fSf;F tpsf;Ftjw;fhfNt jpUmitia fpwp];Jtpd; clyhf
fhz;fpwhu; gTy;. kdpj clypy; gy cWg;Gfs; ,Uf;fpd;wd mit
xt;nthd;Wk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l gzpia Mw;WfpwJ ,Ug;gpDk; cly; xd;W.
mjid ,af;Fk; capUk; xd;Nw. ,JNghyNt jpUKOf;fpd; topahf
jpUmit vd;Dk; clypy; ehk; midtUk; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;Nshk;. gy;NtW
,dq;fs;> nkhopfs;> gz;ghLfs; Mfpatw;iw Nru;e;jtu;fshf ehk;
,Ue;jhYk; ehk; midtUk; xd;W vd;gJjhd; mtHfsplk; tpsq;fpa me;jj;
njspT. ,j;jifa njsptpd; fhuzkhfj;jhd; gTy; $Wfpwhu;> “A+ju; vd;Wk;
fpNuf;fu; vd;Wk; mbik vd;Wk; cupikf; Fbkf;fs; vd;Wk; ,y;iy Mz;
vd;Wk; ngz; vd;Wk; NtWghL ,y;iy fpwp];J ,NaRNthL ,ize;Js;s
ePq;fs; ahtUk; xd;wha; ,Uf;fpwPu;fs.;” (fyh 3:28> 1 nfhup 12:13).
fpwp];jt r%fq;fspy; jypj;Jfs; ,d;Dk; Kfkw;wtu;fsha;>
Xuq;fl;lg;gl;ltu;fsha; my;yYWtJ kWf;f Kbahj cz;ik. vt;tpj
mbik epiyiaAk; mlf;FKiwiaAk; vjpu;j;J mtu;fs; ,e;J rkaj;ij
tpl;L ntspNawpdhu;fNsh> mNj epiyapy;jhd; ,d;Dk;
rpiwg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sdu;. ve;j xU rkak; tpLjiy tho;itj; jUk; vd;W
ek;gpdhu;fNsh> mNj rkak; mtu;fspd; fdTfisj; jfu;j;Jtpl;lJ. Mk;>
fpwp];jtj;jpYk; jypj;Jfs; ‘,oprhjpapdu;' vd;w Kj;jpiu jhq;fp
mtyj;NjhLk; mtkhdj;NjhLk; eilg;gpzk; Nghy; tyk; tUfpd;wdu;.
jkpo;ehL> Me;jpuk;> fu;ehlfk; Mfpa khepyq;fspy; thOk; jypj;
fpwp];jtu;fspy; gyUk; kjkhw;wj;jpw;F Kd; nra;Jte;j giwabj;jy;>
rtf;Fop Njhz;Ljy;> Jg;GuT nra;jy;> nrUg;Gj; ijj;jy; Nghd;w gzpfis
,d;Dk; nra;J tUfpd;wdu;. fpwp];jtu;fs; ngUthupahf thOk; rpw;W}u;fspy;
mtu;fspd; FbapUg;Gfs; gpupf;fg;gl;L> jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;L> CUf;Fg; Gwk;Ng
xJf;fg;gl;Lr; Nrupfspy; trpf;fpd;wdu;. Nkl;Lf;Fbf; fpwp];jtu;fs;
mtu;fisr; rKjha tho;tpypUe;Jk; jpUmit mikg;GfspypUe;Jk; xJf;fp
itf;Fk; nfhLik ,d;Dk; kiwatpy;iy. ,d;Wk;$l xUrpy fpuhkg;Gw
Myaq;fspy; jypj; fpwp];jtu;fs; jdpahfj;jhd; mku Ntz;Lk;. Mjpf;f
rhjpapdu; ew;fUiz thq;fpa gpwFjhd; ew;fUiz ngw Ntz;Lk;;

54
topghl;Lf; nfhz;lhl;lq;fspy; gPlg; gzpahsuhfNth> thrfj;JiztuhfNth
nray;gl KbahJ.; Nfhapy; jpUtpohTf;F tupnrYj;j KbahJ. mtu;fs;
nry;Yk; njUf;fSf;Fj; Nju; nry;yhJ. ,ijtplf; nfhLik
fy;yiwfspy;$l mtu;fSf;Fj; jdp ,lk; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

fpwp];jtu;fspy; jypj;Jfs; ngUk;ghd;ikapduhf ,Ue;Jk; $lg; gq;Fg;

gzpfspYk; jpUmit elj;Jk; gy;NtW epWtdq;fspYk; mtu;fSf;Fupa
epahakhd gq;F ,d;Dk; jug;gltpy;iy. gq;F mstpYk; kiwkhtl;l
mstpYk; Kf;fpakhd gjtpfisAk; nghWg;GfisAk; ,d;Dk;
jf;fitj;jpUg;gtu;fs; Nkl;Lf;FbapdNu. mtu;fspd; Mjpf;fj;jhy; jFjpAk;
jpwikAk; gilj;j gy jypj; ,isQu;fSf;Fj; jpUmit epWtdq;fspy;
Ntiytha;g;Gfs; fpilg;gjpy;iy. vdNt> rhjpaKk; xU Ks;shf ,d;iwa
jpUmitapy; cliy ijj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ vd;gJ vd; fUj;J.
rhjpak; xU Ks;shf ,Uf;ff; $LNkh?

2.2. nghUshjhu Vw;wj; jho;T

,NaRtpd; Nghjidfspy; Kjd;ik ngWtJ ViofSf;fhd

,iwahl;rpahFk;. Viofis Njbr; nrd;W mtHfis kPl;LUthf;fk;
nra;tJ jpUmitapd; flikahFk;. ,g;gzpapid jpUmit rpwg;ghf
nra;fpwJ vd;gJ kWf;f Kbahj cz;ik. Mdhy;> ViofSf;fhd
jpUmitahf kl;Lk; ,Ue;JtpLjy; ,NaRtpd; ,iwahl;rpf; fdty;y khwhf
Vioj; jpUmitahf ek; jpUmit khw Ntz;Lk; (Not a church for the poor
but a church of the poor).
,d;iwa cyfpy; nghUshjhuNk flTshf ghHf;fg;gLfpwJ. Viofspd;
gzk; gpLq;fg;gl;L gd;dhl;L epWtdq;fspd; KjyPl;ilg; ngUf;FtJ Nghy
jpUmitAk; nry;t nropg;gpy; nfhopg;gij ehk; ghHf;fpd;Nwhk;.65 Vio
kf;fshy; cUthd jpUmit vspatu;f;F jpl;lq;fis cUthf;fp tplhky;

65
,Ujak;> gTy; mbahhpd; fpwp];jtk;> (jpUr;rp: ,dpait gjpg;gfk;> 2021)> 478.

55
Viofspd; cila ek;gpf;if tho;tpy; ,uz;lwf; fye;j jpUr;rigahf
khwhky; gzf;fhu gf;fj;jpy; ,Ug;gJ xU Ks;shf ,Uf;ff;$Lk;.

2.3 murpaypy; rka mbg;gilthjk;

rka ntwp> murpay; Mjhak;> nghUshjhu Vw;wj;jho;Tfs;> rhjpa

Nkyhjpf;fk; Mfpa fhuzq;fshy; ntwpj;jdkhd jhf;Fjy;fs; ek; ehl;by;
eilngWfpd;wd. ngUk;ghd;ik ,e;Jf;fisr; rpWghd;ikf;
fpwp];jtu;fSf;Fk; Kfkjpau;fSf;Fk; vjpuhff; fpsu;e;njor; nra;J
mtu;fspilNa jPuhg; gifia Vw;gLj;j Kay;fpd;wd MH. v];.v];. Nghd;w
,e;Jj;Jt mikg;Gfs;. ,e;J tFg;Gthj ntwpau;fSk; mtu;fNshL
ifNfhj;Js;s murpay;thjpfSk; muR mjpfhupfSk; rkar;
rpWghd;ikapdiu xLf;fj; jpl;lkpl;L mjpy; XusTf;F ntw;wpAk;
fz;Ls;sdu;. fle;j rpy Mz;Lfspy; ,tu;fspd; NtfKk; ntwpahl;lKk;
msTf;F mjpfkhf mjpfupj;jpUf;fpd;wd. mUs;gzpahsu;fs; rpyu;
jhf;fg;gl;ldu;;. nfhiy nra;ag;gl;ldu;;. mUs;rNfhjupfs; xUrpyu; ghypay;
td;Kiwf;F ,iuahapdu;. mtu;fspd; fy;tpf;$lq;fSk; gpw epWtdq;fSk;
R+iwahlg;gl;ld. ,g;NghJ ehr Ntiyfspd; fsk; gue;J tpupe;J njd;
khepyq;fspYk; nky;y nky;yj; jlk;gjpj;J tUfpwJ. ,dp tUk;
Mz;Lfspy; fpwp];jtu;fSf;F vjpuhd nfh^ur; nray;fs; mjpfupj;jhYk;
tpag;gpy;iy.66

,t;thW vjpu;g;GfisAk; jhf;Fjy;fisAk; re;jpg;gJ jpUr;rigf;F

xU Gjpa mDgtk; md;W. mjd; tuyhw;iwg; gpd;Ndhf;fpg; ghu;f;Fk;NghJ
gy;NtW fl;lq;fspy; vj;jidNah vjpu;g;GfisAk; neUf;fbfisAk;
gpur;rpidfisAk; mJ vjpu;nfhz;lJ. tuyhw;wpy; rthy;fisr; re;jpj;Nj
jpUr;rig tsu;r;rpAk; vOr;rpAk; ngw;wJ. xUtifapy; jpUr;rig tuyhNw
rthy;fisj; njhlu;e;J re;jpj;J tsu;e;j tuyhWjhd;. vjpu;g;GfSf;F
eLNtjhd; ,NaR gzpahw;wpdhu;. md;iwa Mjpf;fr; rf;jpfs; mtiu
mopg;gjd; topahf ,iwahl;rpg; gzpf;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itf;f Kad;wd.

66
fhz;: v];. Njtuh[;> khw;wk; NjLk; jpUr;rig> (jpz;Lf;fy;: itfiwg; gjpg;gfk;> 2006)> 183.

56
Mdhy; Mtpahupd; Mw;wyhy; ,iwahl;rp ,af;fk; capu;j;jJ jpUr;rigahf
kyu;e;jJ. gTypd; jpUmitapYk; ,j;jifa G+ry;fs; Gw;wr
P y;fshf
mhpj;jhYk; gTy; JzpTld; vOe;jJ Nghy jkpof jpUmit vOr;rp ngw
Ntz;Lk;.

3. rkaj; jsj;jpypUe;J jpUmitia ijf;Fk; Kl;fs;

jpUmit xU Fwpg;gpl;l r%f nghUshjhu gz;ghl;L R+oypy; Cd;wp

,Ug;gjhy; mJ xt;nthd;WNk jdpj;jd;ik tha;e;jJ. ek; jkpofj;jpy; ehk;
vjpu;nfhs;Sk; rthy;fs; gpur;ridfs;> Njitfs; ntt;Ntwhdit.
vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> nfhupe;J jpUmitapy; fl;rp NkhjYk; ew;fUiz
nfhz;lhl;lj;jpy; Vw;wj;jho;Tk; mUs; nfhilfis Kiwahf
gad;gLj;jhky; ,Ug;gJk; Fwpj;j jpUmitapy; G+jhfhukhf ntbj;j
gpur;ridfs;. Mdhy; fyhj;jpa jpUmitapy; fpwp];jtj;ij A+jkakhf;f
Kad;w fpwp];jtu;fs; rpyu; GFe;J vjpuhf Ngrp kf;fis gTYf;F vjpuhf
Fog;gk; mila nra;jJ Nghy ,d;W jpUmitAk; gy;NtW
Jd;GWj;jy;fshy; Ml;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.

3.1. epWtdj; jd;ik

fpwp];JTf;Fg; gpd; Kjy; E}w;whz;L KbAk; tiu rpW r%fq;fshf

FLk;g czu;tpNy ,af;fj;NjhL tsu;e;j jpU mitfs; fpwp];jtu;fspd;
vz;zpf;if ngUfg;ngUf rpW r%f jd;ikia ,oe;J epWtd jd;ikia
ngw;Wf;nfhz;ld. gTy; Vw;gLj;jpa JiwKf efu jpU mitfspYk; ,e;jg;
gd;dhl;L epWtdj; jd;ik epytpaij ehk; ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk.; ,e;jg; gd;dhl;L
epWtd jd;ik rpwpJrpwpjhf jpU mitapNy nry;tk;> nry;thf;F vd
midj;jpYk; KO gq;Nfw;wJ. jpUmitia NguuR vDk; vz;zj;NjhL
epu;thf vz;zk; R+o;e;Jnfhz;lJ. jpUmit mur Nghf;iff; nfhz;ljhf
cUntLj;jJ. cNuhikg; Nguurpd; murhl;rpapy; fpwpj;jt jpUmit
murpaNyhL cUtpYk; cilikAk; cld;gl;lJ. ,g;gbg;gl;l Nghf;F
,d;Wk; jpUmitia xU gd;dhl;L epWtd jd;ikNahL fhl;bf;

57
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. Mdhy; jpUj;je;ij gpuhd;rp]; ew;nra;jpapd; kfpo;r;rp
vd;fpd;w Vl;bNy mtu; ,t;thW $Wfpd;whu;:

“jpUmit ngUk;ghYk; Vio kf;fshy; MdJ. MfNt Vioahpd;

jpUmitahf mJ ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. vspatUf;F rpy jpl;lq;fs;
cUthf;fp Klq;fp tplhky;> Vioaiu mizj;J> mtH tho;T
mDgtj;jpy; gq;Nfw;W> mtHjk; ek;gpf;ifapYk; tho;tpYk; fyg;gNj
jpUmit.”67

3.2. jho;r;rpapy;yh gfl;L jpUmitahf khwp tUk; R+oy;

jkpof jpUmitapy; epyTilik gz;ghl;bd; $Wfs; mjpfhu

gyj;ij cUthf;Ffpd;wd.68 njhlf;ffhy fpwp];jtu;fspilNa tpsq;fpa
nghJTilik> xNu cs;sKk; xNu capUkha; ,Ue;j jd;ik> ,d;W jdp
cilikahf khwpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. ehk; gyu; MapDk; xNu clyha;
,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. Vnddpy; ehk; midtUk; me;j xNu mg;gj;jpy;jhd; gq;F
nfhs;fpd;Nwhk; vd;W gfpu;e;J thOk; r%fkhf tho kwf;fpd;Nwhk;>
kWf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,d;Wk; ekJ fpwp];jt r%fj;ij ghu;j;J miog;G
tpLf;fpd;whu; gTy;.

3.3. topghL NtW tho;T NtW vDk; epiy

fpwp];Jtpd; clyhfpa jpUmit gpsTglyhkh? fpwp];jtu;fspilNa

Nt&d;wpAs;s gpsTfSk; mjpfhu murpaYk; jpUmitapd; mbg;gil
,ay;Gf;Nf KuzhfTk;> mijr; rpijf;Fk; $whfTk; cs;sd. jpUmit
,NaRtpd; kPJ ek;gpf;if nfhz;l rPlu;fs; xd;wpize;J Njhoikapy;
epiyj;jpUf;Fk; cwTr; r%fk;. vy;yhUk; %nthU ,iwtd;kPJ nfhz;Ls;s

67
,Ujak;> gTy; mbahhpd; fpwp];jtk;> (jpUr;rp: ,dpait gjpg;gfk;> 2021)> 486.
68
fhz;: v];. Njtuh[;> khw;wk; NjLk; jpUr;rig> (jpz;Lf;fy;: itfiwg; gjpg;gfk;> 2006)> 132.

58
xNu ek;gpf;ifiaj;jhd; Kof;fkpLfpwhu;fs;. je;ij> kfd;> J}a Mtp vDk;
%nthU ,iwtdpd; mbg;gil ,ay;Ng md;GwT vd;why; mtu;kJ
P
ek;gpf;ifnfhs;Sk; ,iwkf;fs; midtiuAk; xNu FLk;gkhf
xUq;fpizg;gJk; mNj md;GwTjhd;. vy;yhUk; xNu jpUKOf;fpdhy; xNu
flTspd; gps;isfshf tpsq;Fgtu;fs; (fyh 3:26-27). flTspd; xNu
FLk;gkhf ,ize;J> xNu ew;fUiz tpUe;jpy; gq;Nfw;W> ,NaRtpd; xNu
cliyAk;> ,uj;jj;ijAk; cl;nfhz;L cwT tho;tpy; epiyj;jpUg;gtu;fs;
(1 nfhup 10: 17). vy;yhUk; xNu J}a Mtpahupd; Mw;wiyAk;
mUs;nfhilfisAk; ngw;W xNu ,iwahl;rpg; gzpiaf; $l;Lg;nghWg;NghL
Mw;w miof;fg;gLgtu;fs; (1 nfhup 12: 4-6). Mdhy; ,d;W topghl;bypUe;J
tho;T NtWgl;ljhf ,Ug;gij ghHf;f KbfpwJ. nrhy;tJ xd;Wk; nra;tJ
xd;Wkhf ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. ,t;thW xNu FLk;gkha;
,izf;fg;gl;ltu;fspilNa cau;e;Njhu; jho;e;Njhu;> Nky; Fyj;jhu;> fPo;f;
Fyj;jhu; vDk; Vw;wj;jho;T jkpof jpUmitia Fj;jpf; fpopf;Fk; Ks;.

,iwkf;fspilNa gupzkpf;Fk; md;igAk; xw;WikiaAk;

fpwp];Jtpd; clyhff; fhz;fpwhu; gTy;. nfhupe;J efuf; fpwp];jtu;fSf;F
tpsf;Ftjw;fhfj; jpUmitia clYf;Fk; mjd; cWg;GfSf;Fk;
cUtfg;gLj;JfpwhH. cly; xd;Nw; mjid ,af;Fk; capUk; xd;Nw.
mt;thNw jpUKOf;fpdhy; jpUmit vd;Dk; xNu clypy;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;s vy;yhUk; gy;NtW ,dq;fis> nkhopfis>
gz;ghLfisr; Nru;e;jtu;fshf ,Ug;gpDk; vy;yhUk; fpwp];J ,NaRtpy;
xd;Nw vd;gijg; gTy; vLj;Jiuf;fpwhu;. Mz;lthpd; Nfhtpiy fs;tH
Fifahf;Fk; tzpf ikaq;fshf ek; topghl;Lj; jyq;fs;
khwpf;nfhz;bUg;gJk;> ehk; khw;wpf; nfhz;bUg;gJk; xU Ks; jhNd?

3.4. jpUepiyapdu; Mjpf;fk; (Clericalism)

59
 jpUj;je;ij gpuhd;rp]; jpUepiyapdhpd; Mjpf;fj;ij FUj;Jt
tho;tpd; gpwo;T vd;fpwhH.69 ,Ufpaj; jd;ik nfhz;bUg;gJ FUj;Jtj;jpw;F
moFk; my;y> mUSk; my;y. mUs;gzpahsHfs; mUsilahsq;fis
toq;Ftjhy; jpUmitapy; ,iwtdhy; Fj;jiff;F vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;l
kdepiy ,d;W gutpAs;sJ.70
mUs; gzpahsu;fspd; Mjpf;fk; ,d;W $l;Lf; ,af;f jpUmitf;F
ngupa rthyhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ehk; vjpu;nfhs;s $ba gy;NtW Jd;gq;fSf;F
Fwpg;ghf ngz;fs; kPjhd ghypay; rPz;ly;fSf;Fk; Foe;ijfis
td;Kiwf;F cl;gLj;Jk; $ba jg;Gj; jhsq;fSf;Fk; mUs;gzpahsu;
Mjpf;fNk fhuzk;. xd;wpg;G> gq;Nfw;G> ew;nra;jpg; gzp vd;W ,ize;J
gazpf;Fk; jpUmitahf rpe;jpj;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;w ,e;j Ntisapy; mUs;
gzpahsupd; Mjpf;fk; Kjypy; epWj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk.; [hd; jahy; vd;fpd;w
,jopay; Ma;thsu; ,e;jpa jpUmitia ghjpf;Fk; %d;W ngupa
Jd;gq;fspy; ,e;j mUs; gzpahsupd; Mjpf;fKk; xd;W vd;gij
njspTgLj;Jfpwhu;.71
nkupak; ntg;];lu; vd;gtupd; fUj;Jg;gb jpU epiyapdupd; Mjpf;fk;
vd;gJ rka gbepiyia jf;f itf;fTk; my;yJ mjpfg;gLj;jTk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; xU jpl;lk;. 2018Mk; Mz;L “,iw kf;fSf;fhd kly;”
vd;fpd;w jpUj;je;ij gpuhd;rprpDila fbjj;jpy; jpUmitapy;
,Uf;ff;$ba mjpfhu gpwo;TfSf;Fk; ghypay; jtWfSf;Fk; Mjpf;fNk
fhuzk; vd;W njs;sj;njspthf vLj;jpak;Gfpwhu;.72 jpUmitAila
mbj;jsj;ijNa mirj;Jg; ghu;f;ff;$ba xU jPa rf;jpahf ,e;j Mjpf;fk;
tpsq;FfpwJ.
mjpfhuk; - jpUr;rig re;jpf;Fk; ngUk; Nrhjid. Nrhjid
jdpkdpjUf;F kl;Lky;y> jpUr;rigf;Fk; cz;L. ,NaRTk; myifahy;

69
fhz;: https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/247958/pope-francis-rigid-priests-are-a-manifestation-of-
clericalism
70
fhz;: https://www.indiancatholicmatters.org/is-clericalism-plaguing-the-church/
71
fhz;: https://www.ucanews.com/news/synodality-poses-big-challenges-to-the-indian-church/95028
72
fhz;: https://www.indiancatholicmatters.org/is-clericalism-plaguing-the-church/

60
Nrhjpf;fg;gl;ltu; my;yth! mtiug; gpd;gw;Wk; jpUr;rigAk; ,jw;F
tpjptpyf;fd;W. 'Foe;jha;> Mz;ltUf;Fg; gzpGupa eP Kd;te;jhy;>
Nrhjidfis vjpu;nfhs;s Kd;Ndw;ghL nra;Jnfhs;" (rPuh 2:1) vd;W rPuhf;
E}y; Fwpg;gpLtJ jpUr;rigf;F Kw;wpYk; nghUe;Jk;. tuyhw;wpNy jpUmit
gy Nrhjidfisr; re;jpj;jhYk; mijj; njhlu;e;J miyf;fopj;J tUk;
xU khngUk; Nrhjid mjpfhuk;. jpUj;je;ij ngw;Ws;s tOthtuk; $l
tuk;gw;w mjpfhuk; md;W. mtu; jkJ tpUg;gk;Nghy; Gjpa Nfhl;ghl;ilNah
nfhs;if tpsf;fj;ijNah ju KbahJ. Mau; FOtpd; jiytu; vd;w
Kiwapy; vy;yh Mau;fNshLk; xd;wpize;J mtu;fisf; fye;jhNyhrpj;J
kiw cz;ikfisAk; mwnewpf; Nfhl;ghLfisAk; mjpfhug; G+u;tkhf
midj;Jyfj; jpmitf;Fg; Nghjpf;Fk;NghJk; tpsf;fq;fs; jUk;NghJk;
kl;LNk mtu; tOtkhl;lhu;. NkYk; tOthtuk; jpUj;je;ij vd;w xU
jdpegUf;F kl;Lk; nfhLf;fg;gl tpy;iy. mJ jpUr;rig KOtjw;Fk; J}a
Mtpahu; je;Js;s nfhil.

,d;iwa rKjhaj;jpy; gzk;> Gfo;> nry;thf;F Nghd;wit ve;j

msTf;F mjpfhuj;NjhL ,ize;Js;sd vd;gij ehk; md;whlk;
fz;$lhff; fhz;fpNwhk;. ,r;R+oypy; thOk; jpUr;rig cyf mjpfhu
Kiwiag; gpd;gw;Wk; Nrhjidf;F cl;gLtJ ,ay;ghdJ. jpUr;rigapd;
kiwnghUisAk; mjd; Nehf;fj;ijAk; miog;igAk; gzpiaAk; Mokhf
czu;e;J mjw;Nfw;g tho;e;jhy; jpUr;rigj; jiytu;fshy; cyf mjpfhuk;
vd;w Nrhjidia vspjhf nty;y KbAk;.

,e;j mjpfhuKk; jpUepiy Mjpf;fKk; ,d;iwa jpUmitapd;

ngUq;njhw;W. jpUepiyapdupd; nray;ghLfs; jhq;fs; jhd; ,Wjp Kbit
vLf;ff; $batu;fs; vd;fpd;w kkijAk;> MztKk;> fu;tKk; mtu;fSila
nrhy;ypYk;> nraypYk;> gz;GfspYk;> tho;f;if KiwfspYk; ntspg;gLtJ
fz;$L. ey;y Nka;g;gu;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;batu;fs; ,d;W ntWk;
Nkyhsu;fshf ,Ug;gJ Ntjidf;FupaJ. “rpyUila td;Kiwiaf; fz;L
ehd; mQ;rtpy;iy khwhf gyUila nksdj;ij fz;L ehd; mQ;RfpNwd;”

61
vd;W khu;l;bd; Y}ju; fpq; $Wfpwhu;.73 ,ij fz;L nksdk; rhjpf;Fk;
xt;nthUthpd; nray;ghLk; clypy; ijj;j Ks;shf ghHf;f KbAk; md;Nwh?

4. cstpay; mwnewp jsj;jpypUe;J jpUmitia ijf;Fk; Kl;fs;

jpUmitapy; cs;s jpUepiyapdH kw;Wk; nghJ epiyapdH gy;NtW

cstpay; gpur;ridfSf;F Mshfpd;wdH. FLk;gj;jpNy tpuf;jp> Ghpjypd;ik>
csg; ghypay; KjpHr;rpapd;ik thl;Lfpd;wd. ,J mUs;gzp tho;tpw;Fk;
nghUe;Jk;. ,d;W mUs;gzpahsu;fs;> JwtpaUila tho;tpNy Fzey
khw;wj;ij ehk; ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;. r%f> rka> cstpay; tho;tpNy
,tu;fSila Fzeyd;fs; khwp ,Ug;gij ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;.
mUs;gzpahsu;fSf;F ,Uf;ff;$ba kpfg;ngupa rthyhf mjpfhuj;jpw;fhd
Vf;fk;> jdpik> jho;T kdg;ghd;ik> MNuhf;fpakw;w Ra kjpg;gPL> FbNghij>
fw;gpd;ik cs;sd. ,itnay;yhk; ,d;iwa FUf;fs;> JwtpaUila
tho;tpNy rpiy topghlhf ,Ug;gij ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;> mwptpy; rpwe;jtHfs;
$l cstpay; uPjpahf Kjpu;rr
; p mw;wtu;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wdH. ,d;W
jw;ifaspg;Gk;> jpahfKk;> jd;dlf;fKk; jho;rr
; pAk; ,y;yhj r%fkhf
jpUmit khwpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.

4.1. ghypay; KiwNfLfs;

jpUmitapy; ngUfp tUfpd;w ghypay; KiwNfLfs;

jpUmitapd; Kfj;jpy; fhaq;fisAk; uzq;fisAk; Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;wd.
cyfpd; fhaq;fSf;F fl;Lg; Nghl Ntz;ba jpUmitapy; cs;s
mUs;gzpahsHfSk; JwtpaUk; $l ,e;j ghypay; KiwNfLfs;> Fwpg;ghf
Foe;ijfSf;F vjpuhd ghypay; td;KiwfSf;F tpjptpyf;fy;y.74 1950-k;
Mz;L Kjy; 2020-k; Mz;L tiuapy; fpl;lj;jl;l 2>16>000 Foe;ijfs;

73
Available at: https://www.ucanews.com/news/synodality-poses-big-challenges-to-the-indian-church/95028
74
Marie Keenan, Child Sexual Abuse and the Catholic Church: Gender, power and organizational culture,
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), 56.

62
ghypay; td;KiwfSf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLfpwhHfs; vd;Wk; ,jpy; 80%
tsH,sk; Mz; Foe;ijfs; vdTk; xU Gs;sptptuk;75 njhptpf;fpd;wJ.
,j;jifa ghypay; gpwo;Tfs;> jpUmitapd; cliyf; fhag;gLj;Jk;
xU Ks;shf ,Uf;ff; $LNkh?

4.2. kdg; Nghuhl;lq;fs;

fpwp];jt rPlj;Jt tho;tpd; kpfg;ngupa xU rthy; ek;gpf;if

Nghuhl;lk;. clYf;Fk; Md;khTf;Fk; ,ilNa ,Uf;ff;$ba xU Nghuhl;l
tho;T. clyh? Md;khth? vJ Njit? ,t;Tyf tho;tpy; ehk; vij
nfhz;L Nghfg; Nghfpd;Nwhk;? vd;fpd;w Nfs;tpfs; xt;nthU ruhrup
fpwp];jtUila tho;tpYk; vOk;gf; $ba xd;W. ePjpkhd; Vd; Jd;Gw
Ntz;Lk; vd;fpd;w gioa Vw;ghl;L NahG cila Vf;fk; ,d;iwa etPdfhy
fpwp];jtu;fspd; kdg;Nghuhl;lkhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs;>
njhopy;El;g tsu;rr
; pfs;> Kjyhspj;Jt kdepiyfs;> ,itfnsy;yhk; ekJ
ek;gpf;ifia ,d;W curp ghu;f;fpd;wd. ,jd; tpisT kdjpNy Nghuhl;lk;.
,e;jg; Nghuhl;lk; Gjpjy;y. ,e;jg; Nghuhl;lk; ,NaRtpd; tho;tpy; ,Ue;jJ
,e;j Nghuhl;lk; gTypd; tho;tpy; ,Ue;jJ> ,e;jg; Nghuhl;lk; ek;
xt;nthUtUila tho;tpYk; ,d;W njhlu;e;Jf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j
kdg;Nghuhl;lk; ek; kdjpy; Fj;jpa Ks; md;Nwh?

5. cUthf;fj; jsj;jpypUe;J jpUmitia ijf;Fk; Kl;fs;

jpUmit ,af;fj; jd;ikf; nfhz;lJ. jpUmit jd;idNa fhyj;jpd;

mwpFwpfSf;Nfw;g cUthf;fpf; nfhs;Sk; jd;ikf; nfhz;lJ. khDl ,dk;
gy;NtW cyfg; Nghu;fisAk; Nguplu;fisAk; vjpu;f;nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.
kdpjdpd; mwpthw;wYf;Fk; mwptpaYf;Fk; rthy; tpLf;Fk; gy;NtW
jUzq;fis tuyhW re;jpj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. ,e;;j jUzq;fspy; vy;yhk; kdpjd;

75
fhz;: http://en.m.wikipedia.org>wiki catholic church sexual abusecases-wikipedia.

63
,iwtid czUk; tho;tpay; mDgtkhf khw;wp Gjpa ghijapy; gazpf;f
cs;nshsp ngw;wpUf;fpwhd;. nfhNuhdh njhw;Wf; fhyKk; ,g;gbg;gl;l
cs;Szu;itAk; ,iwvOr;rpiaAk; jUtjhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,e;j
gpd;dzpapy;> ,iwek;gpf;if cUthf;f jsj;jpy; ,d;W rthy;fs;
epuk;gpapUf;fpd;wd.

5.1. fpwpj;jt cUthf;fj;jpy;

EfHT gz;ghL Md;kpfj;ijAk; tpl;Litf;ftpy;iy. khwptUk; xU

gz;ghL R+oiy mg;gbNa jdjhf;fp nfhs;tij ‘mrpkpNyrd;’ (assimilation)
vd;W Mq;fpyj;jpy; $WtH. ,ij jkpopy; ‘jd;ikakhf;fy;’ vd toq;FtJ
KiwahFk;.76 mnkhpf;fh Nghd;w ehLfspy; ,J kpf nghJthd xd;W. gTy;
jhd; Vw;gLj;jpa jpUmitfspYk; ,j;jifa jd;ikakhf;Fk; epiyia
fz;LzHe;jhH. vdNt> jpUmitfis fz;bf;fpwhH. ,d;W ehk; thOk;
jpwd;Ngrp gz;ghl;bYk; ,j;jifa mbikahf;Fk; jd;ik epyTfpwJ. etPd
rpiy topghlhf khwp tUk; jpwd;Ngrp Nghij ek;gpf;ifahsHfspd; fpwpj;jt
tho;it rpijf;Fk; Ks;shf ghHf;fyhk; md;Nwh?
jpUmitf;F mbg;gilahf ,Ug;gJ ,iwek;gpf;if. ,e;j
,iwek;gpf;if nray;ghl;bw;F ,l;Lr; nry;Yk;gbahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
(ahf; 2:26). flTspd; ngaiur; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;L kf;fis Vkhw;wp tho;e;j
Nghypg; NghjfHfspd; ngha; Ntlj;ij JfpYwpj;J> fpwpj;jt rkaj;jpw;F
fhg;ghsuha; ,Ue;jtH gTy;. jhd; tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; rkaf; Fog;gq;fs;
njhlHe;j NghJ> topghLfspYk; tho;tpYk; fpwpj;jtj;jpd; cl;nghUis
kwe;j NghJ> ,NaRtpd; newpia A+jg; gpbapdpd;W tpLtpj;j gTy; Nghy>
,d;iwa ,iwek;gpf;iff;F vjpuhd rthy;fs; Vuhsk;. jpUmitapy;
mUsilahsq;fis tpiy NgRk; Njhw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;Nwhk; vd;gJ kWf;f Kbahj cz;ik.77 fhzpf;iffs;

76
Assimilation literally means absorption or being inclusive as the wider meaning.
77
,Ujak;> gTy; mbahhpd; fpwp];jtk;> (jpUr;rp: ,dpait gjpg;gfk;> 2021)> 486.

64
fl;lzq;fshf khwpf; nfhz;bUg;gJk; xU Ks;shf ,Uf;FNkh vd;gJ
vdf;Fs; vOk; Nfs;tp.

5.2. fpwp];J cUthf;fj;jpy;

fpwp];J cUthFk; tiu NgWf; fhy NtjidAw;w gTy; Nghy ,d;W

ek; Foe;ijfspd; kiwf;fy;tpapd; topahf ehk; fw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk; fpwp];J
cUthf;fk; jilgLtij fz;$lhf ghHg;gJ Ntjidf;FhpaJ. jdf;F Nky;
vJTNk ,y;iy vd;Wk; jdf;F topfhl;l ahUk; Njitapy;iy vd;Wk;
vz;zj;jpy; tho;fpd;w ,sk; jiyKiwapdH ,ilNa ,d;iwa ek;gpf;if
fy;tpia cUthf;FtJ xU rthy;.

5.3. nghJepiyapdupd; ew;nra;jpg; gzp cUthf;fj;jpy;

,d;W cwTfspNy Nghuhl;lk;. ek;gfj;jd;ikapd;ik> jpwe;j

kdg;ghd;ikapd;ik> FLk;gj;jpNy kiwe;J thOk; kdg;ghd;ik ,d;iwa
FLk;gq;fspd; vjhHj;jkhfptpl;ld. ,d;W ntspg;gilj;jd;ik ,y;yhky;
cwTfs; tpupry; tpLfpd;wd. ehk; nrytpLk; gzj;jpy; ntspg;gilj;jd;ik
,y;iy. ehk; nrytpLk; Neuj;jpy; ntspg;gilj;jd;ik ,y;iy. ,d;W ekJ
cwT gupkhw;wj;jpy; ntspg;gilj;jd;ik ,y;iy. ,j;jidAk; ekJ
FLk;gq;fspy; Nghuhl;lq;fshf nfhl;bf;fplf;fpd;wd. Nll;lh Nghij ,d;Dk;
mjpfkhf ek;ik jdpikg;gLj;jp nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. xt;nthU kdpjDk; xU
jdp jPthf ,d;W khwpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;whd;. xt;nthU fpwp];jt
FLk;gj;jpYk; ,j;jifa epiyg;ghLfs; ,d;W ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,Jjhd; ekJ
nghJepiyapdhpd; vjhu;j;jk.; FLk;g ,iwNtz;ly;fs; epd;Wtpl;l R+oypNy
njhiyf;fhl;rp gz;ghLfSk; A+bA+g; gz;ghLfSk; ek;ik gf;Ftg;gLj;Jk;
vd vz;zp ghlk; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhu;fs; ekJ Foe;ijfSk;
ngw;Nwhu;fSk;. ,j;jifa xU gz;ghl;L rPuopT xU Ks; md;Nwh?
,itnay;yhk; ek; ew;nra;jp jhfj;ij Fiwj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd>
Ks;shf Fj;jpf; fpopj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

65
5.4. mUs;gzp cUthf;fj;jpy;

flTSf;fhf tho;itj; ju Kd; te;jtu;fs;> ,d;W ahu; ahUf;fhfNth

vjw;fhfNth jq;fSila tho;it nfhLj;Jf; nfhz;L ,Uf;fpw epiy
gyUila ,iw mioj;jy; tho;tpy; ,Ug;gijg; ghu;f;fpd;Nwhk;.
vjpu;ghu;g;Gfs; epiwNtwhj epiyapy; mq;fPfhuj;jpw;fhf> milahsj;Jf;fhf
Vq;Ffpd;w epiy> ,d;iwa mUs;gzpahsu;fs; Jwtpaupd; tho;tpy;
,Uf;fpd;wd. ek;gfj;jd;ikapd;ik> xU FONthL jd;id ,izj;Jf;
nfhz;L Fz;Lr; rl;bf;Fs; Fjpiu Xl;bf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; kdepiy>
gl;lq;fSf;fhf> gjtpfSf;fhf ghrj;ij J}f;fp vwpaf; $ba xU epiy>
ghypay; tho;tpy; Kjpu;r;rp ,d;ik> kzj; JwT Nkw;nfhz;L thOk;
epiyia njupe;J nfhz;ltu;fs; nfhLj;j thf;fpy; gw;WWjpAld;
,y;yhkypUg;gJ> ngha;> Guzp mLj;jtu;fSila ew;ngaUf;F
CWtpistpf;Fk; kdg;ghd;ik> jdpg;gl;l ,iwNtz;ly; nra;ahj epiy>
FbNghij> nghUl;fspd; kPJ Nghij> ,itnay;yhk; ,d;iwa mUs;gzp
tho;tpw;fhd rthy;fshf cs;sd.
kf;fis ke;ij kdepiyapNyNa itj;jpUg;gJ ,d;iwa
mUs;gzpf;F rthyhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mUs;gzp jsq;fspy; ehk;
vjpu;nfhs;Sk; rthy;fshf gq;F kf;fspilNa Nghl;b kdg;ghd;ik>
,isNahu; KjpNahu; ,ilNa Gupjypd;ik> r%f mf;fiwaw;w rka
nfhz;lhl;lq;fs; cs;sd. gq;F mUs;gzpfspy; Vio kf;fSf;fhf
Neuj;ij nrytplhky; epyj;ij tpw;f thq;Fk; mUs;gzpahsHfs; Ks;
md;<wh? gq;Fj; je;ijahf ,Uf;f Ntz;batHfs; gq;Fr; re;ijf;fhf Neuk;
nrytpLgtHfs; xU Ks; ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs;. ,aw;if kw;Wk; Rw;Wg;Gw R+oy;
rhu;e;j mUs;gzp fhpriz ,y;yhky; tsq;fis tpuakhf;Fk; epiyiaAk;
xU Ks;shf fUjyhk; md;Nwh?

6. mUSf;fhd njhlu; Nghuhl;lKk; ,d;iwa ek; gjpypWg;Gk;

66
 ,d;W jpUmit mUSf;fhf Vq;fp epw;fpd;wJ. ek; tYtpd;ikapy;
typik fz;bl miof;fpd;wJ. vyprngj; vypal; vDk; ,iwapayhh; “,e;j
tprpj;jpukhd rhk;gy;” vDk; jdJ E}ypy;> “flTspd; fij xUNghJk;
rhk;gypy; Kbtjpy;iy” vd;fpwhH.78 ek;ik tplhky; Jd;GWj;Jk; Kl;fNshL
NghuhLk; tho;tpNy> ,iwtdpd; mUs; NkNyhq;fp epw;fpd;wJ. gTy; tho;e;j
R+oYf;Fk; ekJ R+oYf;Fk; nghpanjhU fhy ,ilntsp ,Ug;gpDk; gTypd;
tho;tpy; mthpd; clypy; ijj;j Kl;fs; ,d;W ek;ikAk; ek; jpUmitapd;
cliyAk; ijj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. “vd; mUs; cdf;F NghJk;>
tYtpd;ikapy; jhd; ty;yik epiwtha; ntspg;gLk;” (2 nfhhp 12 : 9).
,d;iwa njhlH Nghuhl;lj;jpw;fhd mUshf ek; $l;nlhUq;fpaf;f jpUmit
kyu Ntz;Lk;. mUSf;fhd Kd;ndLg;Gfshf xU rpy gjpypWg;Gfis
je;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;.79

• epWtd mikg;Gfis md;Gwtpd; xUq;fpizaq;fshf khw;Wjy;

• mUs;gzpfis kf;fs; ikahkhfTk; mUs;tho;it kf;fs; eLtpy;
kf;fshf tho Kd;tUNthk;.
• gzp mikg;Gfis cUthf;fp tYgLj;JNthk;.80
• ‘ahu; nra;j ghtk;?’ vd;W mq;fyha;f;fhky;> ,dp ehk; vg;gb tho
Ntz;Lk; vd;W fw;Wj; jUk; fskhf ,e;j Kl;fspd; ghjpg;Gfs; ,Uf;f
Ntz;Lk;. ghjpg;Gfs; vd;W nrhy;tijtpl gjpTfs; vd;Nw nrhy;y
Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j gjpTfs; Gjpa Njly;fshf Gwg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,dp
jpUmitapd; gzp vg;gbapUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nju;j;J njspa
Ntz;Lk;. vspa tho;T KiwikfisAk; Vo;ikiaAk; ek; tho;tpy;
gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;. ehk; ,Jtiu xU nghUl;lhf vz;zhj rpWr;rpW
nray;fs;> rpe;jidfs;> cwTfspd; kPJ ek; fz;fs; gjpa Ntz;Lk;.
‘jdpegu; ikak;’ ePq;fp> “ntw;wp ngw;wtu;> Njhy;tpia jOtpatu; vd;W

78
r.Nuh. tsd;> ePjpiaj; Njb> (jpUtz;zhkiy: kzpnkhop gjpg;gfk;> 2015)> 105.
79
k.tptpd;> “,iwek;gpf;ifapd; xspapy; nfhNuhdh”> ek; tho;T> etk;gH 2020.
80
,Ujak;> gTy; mbahhpd; fpwp];jtk;> (jpUr;rp: ,dpait gjpg;gfk;> 2021)> 487.

67
 ahUk; ,y;iy” vDk; ew;nra;jpapd; epajp cUthfp ciof;f
Ntz;Lk;.
• ehkhfNt mopit tUtpj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; mstpw;F mwptpay;
mfz;Ltpl;lJ. Mdhy; ek; kdq;fs; kl;Lk; RUq;fptpl;ld. kdpjd;
kdpjDf;F nfhLf;Fk; kjpg;igAk;> ,aw;iff;F nfhLf;Fk;
kjpg;igAk;> ,iwtDf;F nfhLf;Fk; kjpg;igAk; kPl;nlLg;Nghk;. ‘khwp
tUk; gz;ghL – jtwhd gz;ghL’ ,tw;wpw;F vjpuhf NghuhLNthk;.
• tof;fkhf ekJ ghu;itapy; glhky; ,Uf;Fk; kf;fis ghu;f;f>
tof;fkhf tha; jpwthj kf;fspd; thu;j;ijfSf;F nrtpkLf;f ekJ
,jaq;fis jpwe;J itg;Nghk;.
• ,iwek;gpf;if epiwe;j tho;it Gfl;l Ntz;Lk;.
• jpUmitapd; gzpfSf;Fk; mZFKiwfSf;Fk; kW cUthf;fk; ju
Ntz;Lk;.
• cyfkakhf;fypy; ,Ue;J kdpjkakhf;fYf;F cyf r%fj;ij
efu;j;jp nry;y Ntz;Lk;. kdpj tsq;fis ghJfhj;jy; Kjyplk; ngw
Ntz;Lk;.
• mwptpay; kl;Lk; kdpjdpd; rhjid my;y vd czu;j;jp Md;kpf
mwptpaYf;fhd Gjpa Njliy njhlq;f Ntz;Lk;.
• murpay; - nghUshjhu Raey Ml;lj;jpypUe;J kf;fisf; fhf;f
Kw;gl Ntz;Lk;.
• kf;fspd; mUs; tho;tpYk; cstpaypYk; njhlu; topfhl;Ljy; jUk;
gzpfis Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
• nghUshjhu gpd;diltpy; ek;ik jftikj;Jf; nfhz;L gfpUk;
r%fkha; thof; fw;Wf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
• ek;gpf;if kWcUthf;f kiwf;fy;tpia Gfl;l Ntz;Lk;.

mUs; ,y;yhh;f;F ,t;TyfKk; ,y;iy vd;gij czu Ntz;Lk;. ehk;

tYtw;wth;fs; vd;W czHe;J nray;gLk; NghJ flTspd; mUNs
NghJkhdJ.

68
7. KbTiu

jkpof jpUmitapd; R+oiktpy; mUs;gzpf;fhd rpy rthy;fis

gTypd; clypy; ijj;j Ks; vDk; $w;Wld; curpg; ghh;j;J> ,e;j
rthy;fnsy;yhk; Kl;fshf ghHf;f KbAk; vd;W vd; Ma;Tf; fUj;ij ,e;j
myfpy; ju Kide;jpUf;fpNwd;. jpUmitia xt;nthU jsj;jpypUe;Jk;>
r%f> rka> cstpay; kw;Wk; cUthf;f jsq;fspypUe;J
Ma;e;jwpe;Js;Nsd;. mUSf;fhf njhlH Nghuhl;lj;ijAk; gjpypWg;igAk;
ehk; nray;gLj;JNthk; vdpy; ehk; mUspd; ghijapy; jpUj;je;ij
gpuhd;rp]pd; fdT jpUmitahk; $l;nlhUq;fpaf;f jpUmitia cUthf;f
KbAk;.

69
 nghJ KbTiu

“ ‘clypy; ijj;j Ks;’ (2 nfhupe;jpau; 12: 7-9): jkpof jpUmitf;fhd

xU R+oikT thrpg;G” vDk; ,e;j E}ypy;> clypy; ijj;j Kl;fspd;
Nghuhl;lj;jpy; mUs; vt;thW ,d;iwa vjhu;j;jq;fNshL curpg; ghHf;fpwJ
vd;gij ehk; czu Ntz;Lk.; tptpypa ghlq;fspy; kpf fbdkhd ,e;j
ghlj;jpy;> cz;ikapNyNa gTy; Ks; vd;W vij $wpdhu; vd ehk;
mWjpapl;Lr; nrhy;yKbahJ. gTypd; Fzeyd;fis itj;Jk;> gTypd;
tho;tpay; vjhu;j;jq;fis itj;Jk; gTypd; gzp gStpid itj;Jk;
gTypd; vjpupfis kdjpw; nfhz;Lk;> gTypd; cly; cs;s FiwghLfis
itj;Jk;> ,njy;yhk; Ks;shf ,Uf;ff;$LNkh vd;W ehk; A+fk; nra;a
KbANk jtpu KbT nra;a KbahJ. Mapuf;fzf;fhd tUlq;fshf
vj;jidNah egu;fs; ,e;j clypy; ijj;j Ks; gw;wp mUs; tho;T
uPjpahfTk;> cstpay; uPjpahfTk;> ghypay; uPjpahfTk;> ,iwapaiy
NgrpapUe;jhYk; ,d;dKk; ,J xU Gjpa jiyg;ghfNt> Gjpa
fUg;nghUshfNt ,Uf;fpd;wJ. GjpaJ kl;Lky;y GjpuhdJ $l. vd;
Ma;Tf; fl;Liuapd; topahf ‘clypy; ijj;j Ks;’ vd;gij Fwpj;J Gjpjhf
vijAk; ehd; fl;likf;ftpy;iy khwhf ,e;j Ks; jkpofj; jpUmitf;F
vg;gbg;gl;l xU Gupjiy nfhLf;fpd;wJ vd;w R+oy; ika thrpg;ig kl;Lk;
nra;jpUf;fpd;Nwd;. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; tptpypag; ghu;itiaAk; ,iwapay;
fz;Nzhl;lj;ijAk; tupirg;gLj;JfpNwd;.

‘Ks;’ vd;gJ xU rPlupd; cila ntFkjpahf> jpUj;J}jupd;

mq;fPfhukhf> mUs; gzpfspd; milahskhf> Nghuhl;l tho;tpd; guprhf>
fpwp];Jtpd; ghLfspd; gfpu;jyhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,d;iwa r%f> nghUshjhu>
murpay; tho;tpy;> vitnay;yhk; ek;ik tsu tplhky; Fj;jpf; fpopj;Jf;
fhag;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdNth mitfnsy;yhk; Kl;fs;. ,e;j Kl;fs;
md;W gTypd; tho;it ghjpj;jd. gTypd; jpUmitia ghjpj;jd. ,d;W
ek;ikAk; ghjpf;fpd;wd. ekJ jpUmitiaAk; ghjpf;fpd;wd. ,tw;NwhL
NghuhLk; tho;it ntd;nwLf;f ,iwtd; tpUk;Gfpwhu;. Jd;gj;jpd; topjhd;
kPl;G. typfspd; topapy;jhd; jhd; epiwtho;T vd;gij clypy; ijj;j Ks;
ekf;F vLj;jpak;GfpwJ. Nghuhl;lk;jhd; xU gzpahsUf;F mu;j;jj;ij>
70
mUis> mq;fPfhuj;ij jUtJ. mj;jifa xU Nghuhspahf ek;ik
cUthf;ff;$ba ,e;j ‘clypy; ijj;j Ks;’ mDgtk; mUspy; vjpu;
nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. ,d;W ekJ mUs;gzpfSf;fhf jpUmit r%fk;
jtpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ekJ gzpfs; mUs; epiwe;j gzpfshf khw
Kl;fshf ekJ jkpof jpUmitia thl;Lk; rhjpak;> nghUshjhu
Vw;wj;jho;T> jpUepiyapy; Mjpf;fk;> ,d;Dk; gw;gy Kl;fis fise;J
Kd;Ndw Kw;gLfpd;w NghJ ,NaRtpd; ,iwahl;rp fdTk; gTypd; fpwp];J
cUthf;fKk; ek; jpUmitapd; ,yf;fhf khwp epiy tho;it ,t;Tyfpy;
guprspf;Fk;.

jpUmit je;ijau;fspd; gbg;gpidfs; Ks; vd;gJ mUs;

tho;Tf;fhd Nghuhl;lk; vd;fpwJ. ,iwapayhsu;fs;> tptpypa ty;Yeu;fspd;
fUj;Jg;gb ,J kdpj vjpupfspd; Nghuhl;lk;. xU rpy tptpypa
Ma;thsu;fspd; fUj;Jg;gb> ,J cly; cs;s Nghuhl;lk.; vJthf
,Ue;jhYk; Nghuhl;lk; vd;gJ mq;F nghJthd xU Ks;shf ,Ug;gij
ghu;f;fpNwhk;. ,e;j Nghuhl;lk; etPd Kiwfspy; ,d;Wk; ekJ jpUmitapd;
kiw cliyf; Fj;jpf; fpopj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd vd;gJ cz;ik. ,jw;F
vjpuhf ehk; Nghuhl Ntz;Lk;. flTspd; mUs; xd;Nw NghJkhdJ vd;w
gTypd; $w;Wg;gb ,d;W $l;L ,af;f jpUmitia Nehf;fp gazpj;Jf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;w ek;ik mUSf;fhd ghijfis fz;Lgpbf;f gTypd;
Nghuhl;lKk; gTypd; ,e;j czu;r;rpkpF $w;Wk; miog;G tpLf;fpd;wd.

tuyhw;Wg; gpd;dzp> tptpypa gpd;dzp> nghUs;Nfhs; gpd;dzp> ,tw;wpd;

mbg;gilapy; gTYf;F ‘clypy; ijj;j Ks’; mtuJ tYtpd;ik>
kdg;Nghuhl;lk;> jpUmit gpsTfs; vd vJ Ntz;LkhdhYk; ,Uf;fyhk;.
Mdhy;> ek; jpUmitf;Fk; ek; fpwp];jt tho;tpw;Fk; ‘clypy; ijj;j Ks;’
vd;gJ rhjpak;> nghUshjhu Vw;wj;jho;T> mjpfhu gyk;> epWtdj; jd;ik>
jpUepiyapdu; Mjpf;fk>; ghypay; KiwNfL> cstpay; NfhshWfs;>
mUs;gzp cUthf;fj;jpy; ek;gfj;jd;ikapd;ik ,itfnsy;yhk; Kl;fs.;
,d;W gTiyg; Nghy flTspd; mUs; NghJkhdJ vd;W nrhy;y ehk;
gq;Nfw;G jpUmitahf khw Ntz;Lk;. ghkuu; jpUmitahf khw Ntz;Lk;.
cld; gazpf;Fk; jpUmitahf khw Ntz;Lk.;
71
 “,NaRtpd; tho;Nt vq;fs; clypy; ntspg;gLkhW ehq;fs; vq;F
nrd;whYk; mtUila rhTf;Fupa Jd;gq;fis vq;fs; clypy; Rke;J
nry;fpNwhk;” (2 nfhhp 4:10) vd;W nrhd;d gTy; Nghy> Jzpitg;
ngWNthk;. ve;NeuKk; rhtpd; thapypy; epd;W nfhz;bUf;f (2 nfhhp 4:11)
ekf;F Kl;fs; mjpfkhfNt ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,e;j Kl;fis fise;jpl
mUSf;fhf NghuhLk; cyf jpUmitapd; Kd;ndLg;Gfs;> jkpof
jpUmitapd; Kaw;rpfSk; ek; tYtpd;ikapy; typik fhz> kdepiyapy;
,NaRtha; gzpapy; gTyha; ghq;fha; nray;gl> $l;baf;f jpUmit flTs;
je;j NghJkhd mUs; vd;W czu;e;J Kidg;Gld; Kd;Ndw miog;G
tpLf;fpd;wJ gTypd; “clypy; ijj;j Ks;” vDk; $w;W.

JizE}w;gl;bay;

jkpo;
mUl;flyhH. ghHit gjpT gazk;: ,e;jpa-jkpof ,iwr; rKjhaj;jpd;
rthy;fSk; rhj;jpaq;fSk;. jpz;Lf;fy;: itfiwg; gjpg;gfk;> 2004.
m. gPl;lu; mgpu;. gTy; Jwtpah? J}Jtuh? jpz;btdk;: vk;khT]; ntspaPL>
2008.
my;Nghd;R> GJ Afj;jpy; nghJ epiyapdH. jpUr;rp: jkpo;ehL
nghJepiyapdH gzpf;FO.
My;gHl; N[hrg; & tpy;ypak;]; my;Nghd;];. ehisa ek;gpf;iffs;.
jpz;Lf;fy;: itfiw gjpg;gfk;> 2011.
M. mNyhrpa]; Nrtpau; & ,. nua;kz;l; N[hrg;. gTy; rpe;jidf;
fsQ;rpak;. jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp: mUs;thf;F kd;wk;> 2011.
,Ujak;. gTy; mbahhpd; fpwp];jtk;> jpUr;rp: ,dpait gjpg;gfk;> 2021.
,. nua;kz;l; N[hrg;. ,uz;lhapuj;jpy; gTy;: ,d;iwa jpUr;rigapd; gzp
XH Ma;T. jpUr;rp;: Njly; ntspaPL> 2009.

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v];. Njtuh[;. khw;wk; NjLk; jpUmit. jpz;Lf;fy;: itfiwg; gjpg;gfk;>
2006.
v];. Njtuh[;> fhyr;RtLfs;. jpUr;rp: rpfuk; gjpg;gfk;> 2015.
r. Nj. nry;t uhR. ghiwia gpsf;Fk; NtHfs;. jpUr;rp: Gdpj gTy;
,iwapay; fy;Y}hp> 1996.
r.Nuh. tsd;. ePjpiaj; Njb. jpUtz;zhkiy: kzpnkhop gjpg;gfk;> 2015.
nrgkhiy uhrh. md;dk;: r%f gFg;gha;T. jpz;Lf;fy;: itfiw
gjpg;gfk;> 2007.
Nj. my;Nghd;R. fpwp];jt fiyr; nrhw;fs;. jpz;btdk;: Kg;gzp ikak;>
2016.
k. MNuhf;fpauh[;. Gdpj gTy; - xU rfhg;jk;. jpz;Lf;fy;: itfiwg;
gjpg;gfk;> 2020.
khpajhrd;. jpUtptpypa tpsf;fk;: 2 nfhhpe;jpaH. jpUr;rp: mUs;thf;F
ntspaPL> 2003.
N[. njNahgpy];> t. ,uNgy; & [h. vy;gpd;];ld;. tptpypa ,iwapay;
mfuhjp. nrd;id: nry];bay; kPbah> 2018.
];Bgd;> gTy;: xU gd;Kfg; ghHit. jpUr;rp: mUs;thf;F kd;wk;> 2008.
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Guthrie, George H. Baker. Exegetical Commentary On The New Testament : 2
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