Tamil-6-12-Sec Full Collections PDF

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B\ôm Yálé .......................................................... 1
HZôm Yálé ...........................................................19
GhPôm Yálé .........................................................71
JuTRôm Yálé ................................................... 126
TjRôm Yálé ....................................................... 198
T¾ù]ôWôm Yálé ...............................................232
TuÉùWiPôm Yálé ........................................242
AÈîdLPp T¾lTLm
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Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

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Mwhk; tFg;G 9. jpUts;Stupd; NtW rpy ngaHfs;

ahit?
nra;As; - tho;j;J nre; e hg; N ghjhH> nja; t g; G ytH>
jpUtUl; g h ehadhH
10. jpUf;Fws; vj;jid tifahfg;
1. “f z ; z p y ; f y e ; j h d ; gpupf;fg;gLfpwJ? mit ahit?
fUj;jpy; fye;jhd;” vd;Dk; %d;W gpupTfs;. mit
tho;jJ; g; ghliy vOjpatH 1. mwj;Jg;ghy;
ahH? 2. nghUl; g hy;
,uhkypq; f mbfshH 3. ,d;gj;Jg;ghy;
2. jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhH vd;Dk; 11. jpUf;Fwspy; xt;NthH mjpfhuj;
rpwg;Gg; ngaH ngw;wtH ahH? jpw; F k; 10 Fwl; g hf; f s; tP j k;
,uhkypq; f mbfshH vj;jid Fwl;ghf;fs; cs;sd?
3. MrpupaH Fwpg; G :- 1330
CH flY}H khtl;lk; kUJ}u; 12. jpUf;Fwspy; vj;jid mjpfhuq;fs;
ngw;NwhH ,uhikah> rpdd ; k;ikahH. cs;sd?
E}y; [P t fhUz; a xOf; f k; > 133
kDKiw fz; l thrfk; > ghly; 13. jpUf;Fws; ve;j E}y;fSs; xd;W
jpUtUl;gh gjpndz;fo P f
; f
; zf;F
4. ,uhkypq;f mbfshH grpj;JaH 14. jpUf;Fwspd; NtW rpy ngaHfs;
Nghf;fp kf;fSf;F cztspf;f ahit?
ve;jr; rhiyia mikj;jhH? Kg;ghy;> nghJkiw> jkpo;kiw
mwr; r hiyia 15. cyf kf; f shy; jpUf; F ws;
5. mwpTnewp tpsq; f ,uhkypq; f vt;thW Nghw;wg;gLfpwJ?
mbfshH epWtpa rig vJ? cyfg; nghJkiw
Qhdrig jpUts;StH Mz;L fzf;fpLk;
6. fhyk; 5.10.1823 Kjy; 30.1.1874 Kiw fpwpj;J Mz;L (fp.gp.) +31
tiu = jpUts;StH Mz;L
jpUf; F ws; md; G ilik (vLj; J f; f hl; L ) 2010 + 31
(fp.gp.2010 = jpUts;StH Mz;L
7. jpUf;Fwis ,aw;wpatH ahH?
2041 vd;W $WNthk;
jpUts; S tH
8. jpUts;Stu; tho;e;j fhyk;?
fp.K. 31 vd;W $WtH
1

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16. nrhw;nghUs; 18. c.Nt.rhkpehjH Xiyr; Rtbia

1. MHtyH - md;GilatH ve;j Cupy; vLj;jhH?
2. Gd;fzPH - Jd;gk; fz;L ngUFk; <NuhL khtl; l j; j py; cs; s
fz;zPH nfhLKb
3. g+ry;jUk; - ntspg;gl;L epw;Fk; 19. goq;fhyj;jpy; gidXiyapy; vij
4. vd;G - vYk;G (,q;F cly;>nghUs;> itj;J vOJthHfs;?
Mtpiaf; Fwpf;fpwJ) vOj; j hzp
5. <Dk; - jUk; 20. goq;fhyj;jpy; nra;As;>,yf;fzk;
6. MHtk; - tpUg;gk; ve;jr; Rtbapy; vOjg;gl;ld?
7. tpUg;gk; vd;gjpd; nghUs; ahJ? Xiyr; R tbapy;
ntWg; i g eP f ; f p tpUg; g j; i j 21. Xiyr;Rtb vOj;Jf;fspy; vJ
cz;lhf;Fk; vd;gJ nghUs; ,Uf;fhJ?
8. ez;G - el;G Gs;sp> xw;iwf;nfhk;G> ,ul;ilf;
9. itafk; - cyfk; nfhk;G NtWghL ,Uf;fhJ
10. vd;g - vd;ghHfs; 22. vOj; j hzp nfhz; L vOJk;
11. kwk; - tPuk; Xiyf;F vd;d ngaH?
12. vd;gpyJ - vYk;gpy;yhjJ (GO) Xiyr; R tb
13. md;gpyJ - md;gpy;yhj capHfs; 23. ekf;fhfj; jhspy; vOjp> mr;rpl;Lg;
Gj;jfj;ij toq;fpatH ahH?
14. md;G + mfj;J + ,y;yh - md;G
c.Nt.rhkpehja; a H
cs;sj;jpy; ,y;yhj
24. FwpQr; pgg; hl;L vd;Dk; Rtbapy; vj;jid
15. td;ghw;fz; - td;ghy; + fz; -
tifahd g+ff ; spd; ngaHfs; ,Ue;jd?
ghiyepyj;jpy;
njhz;Z}w;W xd;gJ
16. jspHj;jw;W - jspHj;jJ Nghy 25. FwpQ; r pg; g hl; L vd; D k; E}ypd;
17. tw;wy;kuk; - thba kuk; MrpupaH.
18. Gwj;JWg;G - cly; cWg;Gfs; fgpyH
19. vtd; nra;Ak; - vd;d gad;? 26. Xiyr;Rtbfs; ghJfhf;fg;gLk; rpy
20. mfj;JWg;G - kdj;jpd; cWg;G ,lq;fs; ahit?
ciueil 1. fPoj ; j ; pirf; Rtbfs; E}yfk;>
jkpo;j;jhj;jh c.Nt.rh nrd; i d
2. muR Mtzf; fhg;gfk;> nrd;id
17. j k p o ; j ; j h j ; j h vd;W ahiu 3. cyfj;jkpo; Muha;rr ; p epWtdk;>
miof;fpd;Nwhk;? nrd; i d
c.Nt.rh 4. ruRtjp kfhy;> jQ;rht+H

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27. c.Nt.rhkpehja;aH ve;j Cupy; 6. Guhzq;fs; 12

gpwe;jhH? 7. cyh 9
jpUth&H khtl; l j; j py; cs; s 8. Nfhit 6
cj; j kjhdGuk; 9. J}J 6
28. c.Nt.rhkpehja;aupd; ,aw;ngaH 10. ntz;gh E}y;fs; 13
vd;d? 11. me;jhjp 3
Ntq; f luj; j pdk; 12. guzp 2
29. c.Nt.rh.tpd; MrpupaH ngaH ? 13. Kk;kzpf;Nfhit 2
kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;juk; 14. ,ul;il kzpkhiy 2
gps; i s 15. ,jugpuge;jq;fs; 4
30. MrpupaH c.Nt.rhkpehja;aUf;F 36. c.Nt.rh. E}y; epiyak; ve;j
itj;j ngaH vJ? Mz;L epWtg;gl;lJ?
rhkpehjd; 1942
31. c . N t . r h t p u p j ; J f ; $ W f ? 37. c.Nt.rh. E}y; epiyak; ve;j efupy;
cj;jkjhdGuk; Ntq;fl Rg;igaH njhlHe;J nray;gl;L tUfpwJ?
kfdhd rhkpehjd;. nrd;idapy; cs;s ngrd;le ; fH
32. c.Nt.rh.ve;j Mz;L gpwe;jhH. 38. c.Nt.rh. mtHfspd; jkpo; g ;
19.2.1855 gzpfisg; ghuhl;ba ntspehl;L
33. c.Nt.rh ve;j Mz;L ,aw;if mwpQHfs; ahH?
va;jpdhH? [p.A.Nghg;> #ypa]; tpd;Nrhd;
28.4.1942 39. eLtz; muR>c.Nt.rh.mtHfspd;
34. jkpoj; j
; hj;jhtpd; tho;fi ; f tuyhw;wpd; jkpoj
; n
; jhz;bidg; ngUikg;gLj;Jk;
E}ypd; ngaH ahJ? tifapy; ______ Mk; Mz;L
vd; r upjk; mQ;ry; jiy ntspapl;Lr; rpwg;gpj;J
35. c.Nt.rh tho;fi ; f tuyhw;iw ve;j cs;sJ.
,jopy; njhluhf vOjpdhH? 2006 Mk; Mz;L
Mde;j tpfld;
Jizg; g hlk;
c.Nt.rh. gjpg;gpj;j E}y;fs;
filrptiu ek; g pf; i f
1. vl;Lj;njhif 8
2. gj;Jg;ghl;L 10 40. [g; g hdpy; ve; j ve; j ,uz; L
3. rPtfrpe;jhkzp 1 ,lq; f spy; mnkupf; f h Fz; L
4. rpyg;gjpfhuk; 1 tPrpaJ?
5. kzpNkfiy 1 1. `pNuhrpkh 2. ehfrhfp
3

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41. rlNfh ve;j ehl;Lr; rpWkp? Fwpy;

[g; g hd; 51. ‘r; ’ vd; g J nka; n aOj; J ‘V’
42. [g;ghdpaH tzq;Fk; gwit vJ? vd;gJ capnuOj;J ,t;tpuz;Lk;
nfhf; F NrUk; NghJ khWtJ?
neby;
43. mutpe;j Fg;jh vOjpa E}y;.
52. gpupj;J mwpjy;
nld; ypl;by; gpq;fH];
1.jkf;FupaH - jkf;F + cupaH
fhfpjj;jpy; cUtq;fs; nra;Ak;
2. md;gD P k; - md;G + <Dk;
fiyia [g;ghdpaH xupfhkp 3. epoyUik - epoy; + mUik
vd;W $WtH 53. c.Nt.rh.tpd; ek; g pf; i ff; F f;
fhuzk; vd;d?
,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk;
mtUila MHtk;
44. ,yf; f zk; vjw; F j; Njitg; 54. “Kaw;rp jpUtpid Mf;Fk;” vdf;
gLfpwJ? $wpatH.
jpUts; S tH
ehk; NgRk; nkhopia> vOJk;
nkhopiar; rupahfg; Gupe; J ,ay; - 2
nfhs; t jw; F nra;As; - ehybahH
45. jkpopd; Kjy; vOj;J vJ?
55. “eha;ff
; hy; rpWtpuy; Nghy;” vd;Dk;
m
ehybahH ghliyg; ghbatH ahH?
46. ‘m’ vd; D k; vOj; J vjidf; rkzKdptH
Fwpf;Fk;? 56. nrhw;nghUs;
kdpjd; 1. eha;f;fhy; - ehapd;fhy;
47. ‘q;’ vd;w vOj;Jf;Fg; gpd;dhy; 2. <f;fhy; - <apd;fhy;
tUk; ,d vOj;J vJ? 3. ed;fzpaH - ed;F + mzpaH
f 4. mzpaH - neUq;fp ,Ug;gtH
48. kQ;rs;> mQ;rhNj vd;Dk; ,t;tpuz;L 5. vd;dhk; - vd;d gad;
nrhw;fspy; vit el;G vOj;Jf;fs;? 6. Nra; - J}uk;
7. nra; - tay;
Q; r
57. ehybahH ve;j E}y;fSs; xd;W .
49. ‘e;’ kw;Wk; ‘d;’ ,t;tpuz;Lk; vd;d
gjpndz; f P o ; f ; f zf; F
vOj;Jfs;?
58. ehybahupy; vj;jid ghly;fisf;
nka;
nfhz;Ls;sJ?
50. ‘r; ’ vd; g J nka; n aOj; J ‘v’
400
vd;gJ capnuOj;J ,t;tpuz;Lk;
NrUk; NghJ khWtJ?

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59. ehybahupd; kw;nwhU rpwg;Gg;ngaH 5. eil - rhiyapy; nry;Yk;

vJ? tz;bfs;
ehyb ehD}W 6. gwg;G - gwf;Fk; tpkhdk;
60. ehybahiu ,aw;wpatH ahH? Nghd;wit
rkz KdptH 7. Qhyk; - cyfk;
61. gjpndz; fPof ; f
; zf;F - tpsf;fk; 8. cte;J nra;Nthk; - tpUk;gpr;
rq;f E}y;fs; vdg;gLgit gj;Jg; nra;Nthk;
ghl;Lk; vl;Lj;njhifAk;. gj;Jg; 9. jkpo;kfs; - xsitahH
ghl;by; gj;J E}y;fSk;> vl;Lj; 10. NkytH - NkNyhH
njhifapy; vl;L E}y;fSk; cs;sd. 11. fPotH - fPNohH
nkhj; j k; gjpndl; L E}y; f s; .
12. kw;NwhH - gpwHf;F cjTk;
,tw;iw Nky;fzf;F E}y;fs; vd;W
NeHik mw;NwhH
$Wk; tof;fKk; cz;L.
13. newpapdpd;W - mwnewpapy;
rq;f E}y;fSf;Fg;gpd; Njhd;wpa
epd;W
E}y; f spd; njhFg; G gjpndz;
64. jkpo;ehl;bd; Gfo;ngw;w ftpQH
fPof
; f
; zf;F vd;W toq;fg;gLfpwJ.
ahH?
,j;njhFg;gpYk; gjpndl;L E}y;fs;
ghujpahH
cs;sd. gjpndz; vd;why; gjpndl;L
65. ghujpahH vt; t hW nfhz; l hlg;
vd;W nghUs;. ,e;E}y;fisf; fPof; ;
gl;ltH?
fzf;F E}y;fs; vd;Wk; $WtH.
gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fSs; ghl;Lf;nfhU Gytd; ghujp
ngUk;ghyhdit mwE}y;fNs 66. Rje;jug; Nghuhl;l tPuH ahH?
ghuj Njrk; kfhftp ghujpahH
67. kfhftp ghujpahH tho;e;j fhyk;?
62. “MAjk; nra;Nthk; ey;y fhfpjk;”
11.12.1882 Kjy; 11.9.1921 tiu
vd;w ghujNjrk; ghliyg; ghbatH
ahH? ciueil
kfhftp ghujpahH gwitfs; gytpjk;
63. nrhw;nghUs; 68. v e ; j Cupy; gl;lhNr
1. jiyrhAjy; - Xa;eJ; gLj;jy; ntbg;gjpy;iy?
2. tz;ik - nfhil jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s
3. cOgil- tptrhak; nra;ag; rpwpa fpuhkk; $e;jd;Fsk;
gad;gLk; fUtpfs;
4. Nfhzp - rhf;F

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69. gwitfs; Vd; ehL tpl;L ehL 5.,we;j cly;fis cz;L thOk;
gwe;J tUfpd;wd? gwitfs;
gUtepiy khWk; NghJ 77. rkntsp kuq;fspy; thOk; rpy
70. gUtepiy vd;why; vd;d? gwitfs; ahit?
ntapy; kpfTk; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk; kQ;rs; rpl;L> nrq;fhfk;> Rliyf;
71. gUtepiy ve;j khjj;jpy; Vw;gLk;? Fapy;> gdq;fhil> J}f;fzhq;
Nk khjk; FUtp.
72. gUtepiy khw;wk; vd;gJ? 78. ePHepiyfspy; thOk; gwitfs;
ntapYk;> kioAk;> gdpAk; khwp ahit?
khwp tUtJ nfhf;F> jhiof;Nfhop> gtsf;fhyp>
73. gwitfs; ntapy; kw;Wk; gdp Mw;W cs;shd;> Kf;Fspg;ghd;>
$Ljyhf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ NtW ehiu> mupths; %f; f d; >
,lj;jpw;F nry;tjw;F vd;d ngaH? fuz;bthad;> Crpthy;thj;J.
tyir Nghjy; 79. kiyfspy; thOk; rpy gwitfs;
74. gioafhyj;jpy; ek; Kd;NdhHfs; ahit?
,d; i wf; F kio tUk; vd; W ,Uthr;rp> nre;jiyg;g+q;FUtp>
vg;gbf; $WtH? kpd; r pl; L > fUQ; r pd; d hd; > eP y fpup
gwitfs; ,lk; khWtij itj;J nel;ilf;fhyp> nghd;KJF
cyfk; KOtJk; ,Ue;J gy kuq; n fhj; j p> rpd; d f; F Wthd;
ehl;Lg; gwitfs; te;J jq;fp nfhz;il cothud;> ,uhrhspg;
,Uf;Fk; ,lj;Jf;Fg; ngaH jhd; gUe;J> g+kd; Me;ij
gwitfs; ruzhyak;. 80. $e;jd; Fsk; fpuhkj;J kf;fs; Vd;
75. ek; ehl;by; vj;jid gwitfs; gl; l hR ntbf; f hkYk; Nksk;
cs;sd? mbf;fhkYk; ,Uf;fpd;wdH.
Vwj;jho ,uz;lhapuj;J ehD}W gwitfs; gae;Jtplhky; ,Uf;f
76. gwitfis vj;jid tifahfg;
jkpo; ehl;by; cs;s
gpupf;fyhk;? mit ahit?
gwitfs; ruzhyaq;fs;
Ie;J tifahfg; gpupf;fyhk;
(Gfyplq; f s; ) :
1.Njidf; Fbj;J thOk; gwitfs;
1. Ntle;jhq;fy;
2.goj;ij cz;L thOk; gwitfs;
2. fupf;fpsp (fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk;)
3.g+rr
; piaj; jpd;W thOk; gwitfs;
3. fQ;rpuq;Fsk;
4.Ntl;ilahb cz;Zk; gwitfs;
4. rpj;jpuq;Fb

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5. Nky;nry;tD}H (,uhkehjGuk; ghk;gpdk;> cyfpy;

khtl;lk;) kdpj ,dk;
6. goNtw;fhL (jpUts;@H khtl;lk;) Njhd; W tjw; F g;
7. cjakhHj;jhz;lk; (jpUth&H gj;Jf;Nfhb
khtl;lk;) Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng Njhd;wpaJ.
8. tLt+H (jQ;rht+H khtl;lk;) ,e; j pahtpYs; s ,uh[ehfk;
9. fiuntl;b (nguk;gY}H khtl;lk;) jhd; cyfpNyNa kpf ePskhd
10. Ntl;lq;Fb (rptfq;if khtl;lk;) eQ;Rs;s ghk;G. 15mb ePsKil
11. nts;NshL (<NuhL khtl;lk;) aJ $Lfl;b thOk; xNu tifg;
12. $e;jd; Fsk; (jpUney;Ntyp ghk;G ,J ,uh[ ehfk;> kw;w
khtl;lk;) ghk;GfisNa $l czthf;fpf;
13. Nfhbaf;fiu (ehfg;gl;bdk; nfhs;Sk;. ghk;Gfspd; gw;fs;
khtl;lk;) cs; N ehf; f p tise; j pUf; F k;
,iuiag; gpbj;jhy; jg;gtplhJ.
Jizg; g hlk;
ghk; G fs; ,iuia nkd; W
ghk; G fs;
jpd;gjpy;iy. mg;gbNa
81. ghk;Gg; gz;iz vq;F cs;sJ? tpOq;fptpLfpd;wd
nrd;idf; fpz;b 87. ghk;G vjw;fhf vr;rpypy; eQ;R
82. ghk;Gfs; ve;j tifiar; rhHe;jit? itj;jpUf;fpwJ?
CHtd tifia ,iuiaf; nfhy;yTk;> nrupkhdj;
83. cyfj;jpy; vj;jid tif ghk;Gfs; jpw; f hfTk; >
cs;sd? 88. ghk;G ve;j mjpHTfis czHe;J
,uz;lhapuj;J vOE}w;W Ik;gJ Kd;ndr;rupf;ifahf ,Uf;fpwJ..
84. ,e;jpahtpy; vj;jid tifahd jiuapd;
ghk;Gfs; cs;sd? 89. ghk;G ahUf;F ez;gd;?
,UE}w;W ehw;gj;J ehd;F tptrhapfSf; F
85. ghk;Gtiffspy; vj;jid ghk;GfSf;F xU ghk;igf; nfhd;why;> mjd;
kl;Lk; er;Rj;jd;ik cz;L? ,izg;ghk;G gop thq;Fk; vd;W
Ik; g j; j puz; L nrhy;tJz;L. ,J cz;ikad;W.
86. ghk;G tpOq;Ffpw vyp> jtisfs nfhy;yg;gl;l ghk;gpd; clk;gpypUe;J
clk; g py; cs; s _____mjw; F g; ntspNaWk; xUtif thridj;
NghJk;. jputpak; kw;wg; ghk;GfisAk; me;j
eP H r; r j; N j.

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,lk; Nehf; f p tutiof; f pwJ. 94. Fwpy; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid mit

gopthq;f> ghk;Gfs; tUtjpy;iy ahit?
ghk; G jd; ehf; i f mbf; f b Ie;J. m> ,> c> v> x
ntspNa ePl;Lk;. Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpd; 95. Fwpy; vOj;Jfs; nka; vOj;Jf;
thridia mwpe;J nfhs;sj;jhd; fNshL NrUk; NghJ___ vOj;Jfs;
ghk;G mt;thW nra;fpwJ. cz;lhfpd;wd.
ey;y ghk;gpd; eQ;R Nfhg;uhf;rpd; capH nka;f;Fwpy;
(Cobrozin) vDk; typePf;fp kUe;J 96. neby; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid? mit
jahupf; f g; g ad; g LfpwJ. ,e; j pa ahit?
M> <> C> V> I> X> xs
muR tdtpyq; F g; ghJfhg; G r;
97. neby; vOj;Jfs;> nka;naOj;Jf;
rl;lk; 1972 ,d; gb> NjhYf;fhfg;
fNshL NrUk; NghJ vOj;Jfs;
ghk;Gfs; nfhy;yg;gLtijj; jLf;f
cz;lhfpd;wd.
rl;lk; epiwNtw;wp cs;sJ.
capHnka; n eby;
,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk; 98. fPof ; f
; hZk; nrhw;fisf; nfhz;L
90. capH vOj;Jfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? thf;fpaq;fis mikf;fTk;.
1. fy; - rpw; g q; f s; fy; y py;
mit ahit?
nrJf; f g; g Lk;
gd;dpuz;L. m> M> ,> <> c>
2. fhy; - Nrw;W epyj;jpy; fhiy
C> v> V> I> x> X> xs.
mOe;j Cd;wp nkJtha; elf;f
91. nka; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid? mit
Ntz; L k;
ahit?
3. Fil - ntapypypUe;Jk; kioap
gjpndl;L. f;> q;> r;> Q;> l;> z;> j;>
ypUe;Jk; ek;ikf; fhg;gJ> Fil
e;> g;> k;> a;> H> y;> t;> o;> s;> w;> d;. 4. $il - %q;fpy;fshy; $ilfs;
92. jkpopYs; s Kjy; vOj; J fs; Kilag; g Lfpd; w d
nkhj;jk; vj;jid? 99. NrHj;J vOJf
Kg; g J 1. kzk; + cz;L = kzKz;L
93. md;whl Ngr;rpYk;> vOj;jpYk;> ve;j 2. rpyH + mOthH = rpyuOthH
vOj;Jfs; gad;gLfpd;wd?
3. Gfo; + ,oe;Njd; = Gfopoe;Njd;
fp> rp> gp> b> jp> kp.
100. gpupj;J vOJf
capnuOj;J 12
1. ,Uk;ghzpfs; - ,Uk;G + Mzpfs;
nka;naOj;J 18
2. nfhy;yUiy - nfhy;yH + ciy
capH nka; vOj;J 216
3. Ntwpy;iy - NtW + ,y;iy
Ma;j vOj;J 1
nkhj;jk; 247
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101. ey;y jkpo;rn ; rhw;fis mwpNthk; 105. “kidf; F tpsf; f k; klths; ”

1. tha; f ; f hy; - Mw; w pd; xU vd;Dk; ehd;kzpf;fbifg; ghliy
rpWfpisNa tha;ff ; hy; MFk; ghbatH ahH?
2. nra; - ed;nra; epyq;fspy; tpsk; g pehfdhH
ney;Yk; fUk;Gk; kpFjpaha; 106. nrhw;nghUs;
tpisAk; 1. klths; - ngz;
3. tz;ik - nghUs; ,y;yhjtHf;Ff; 2. jifrhy; - gz;gpy; rpwe;j
nfhLf; F k; tz; i kf; F zk; 3. kdf;fpdpa - kdj;Jf;F ,dpa
vy;yhUf;Fk; Ntz;Lk; 4. fhjy; Gjy;tH - md;Gkf;fs;
4. Qhyk; - ,e; j Qhyj; j py; 5. Xjpd; - vJntd;W nrhy;Yk;
cs;NshH midtUk; ek; cwtpdNu NghJ
102. gpdt
; Uk; epfo;TfSf;fhd fhuzj;ijf; 6. Gfo;rhy; - Gfioj;jUk;
fz;lwpe;J vOJf 7. czHT - ey;nyz;zk;
1. kdpjHfs; ahidia Ntl;il 107. ehd;kzpf;fbif ve;j E}y;fSs;
ahlf; fhuzk; - je;jk; xd;W.
2. cyfk; ntg;gkilaf; fhuzk; gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F
- thfdg;Gif 108. FLk;gj;jpd; tpsf;F ahH?
3. MWfs; khrilaf; fhuzk; - ngz;
njhopw; r hiyf; fopT 109. fbif vd;gJ
4. kio Fiwaf; fhuzk; - mzpfyd; ( eif)
fhLfs; mopg;G 110. ehd;kzpf;fbif vd;gjd; nghUs;.
vOj;Jf;fSk; cwTk; ehd;F kzpfs; nfhz;l mzpfyd;
111. ehd;kzpf;fbifapd; MrpupaH ahH?
103. jd; vOj; J ld; kl; L k; NrUk; tpsk; g pehfdhH
vOj;Jfs; cldpiynka;k; kaf;fk; 112. tpsk;gp - CHg;ngaH@ ehfdhH
v.fh gf;fk;> mr;rk; vd;gJ Gytupd; ,aw;ngaH
104. jd; vOj; J ld; NruhJ gpw
vOj;Jf;fSld; NrUk; vOj;Jfs;. ciueil
Ntw;W epiy nka;kk; af;fk; MuhNuh MupuNuh
v.fh. rhHG> tho;f;if 113. vOj;J topahf tuhky; ghbg;ghb
tha;topahfg; guTfpw ghl;L vJ?
,ay; 3
ehl; L g; G wg; ghl; L
nra;As; - ehd;kzpf;fbif

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114. Foe;ijiaj; jha; njhl;bypypl;Lg; 122. jpUkzk; kw;Wk; gpw epfo;Tfspy;

ghLk; ghl;Lf;F ngaH vd;d? ghLtJ vJ?
jhyhl; L g; g hly; rlq; F g; ghly; > nfhz; l hl; l g;
115. Kw;fhyj;jpy; jhyhl;Lg; ghly;fis ghly; f s;
vt;thW $wp te;jhHfs;? 123. rhkp Fk;gpLNthH ghLk; ghly; vJ?
fpuhkpag; ghly; f s; topghl; L g; g hly;
116. nrd;id Nghd;w ngU efuq;fspy; 124. ,we;NjhUf;Fg; ghLk; ghly; vJ?
kf;fs; ghLk; _____ $l ehl;Lg;Gwg; xg; g hupg; g hly; f s;
ghly;.
fhdhg; g hly;
Jizg; g hlk;
117. flYf; F r; nrd; W kP d ; g pbf; F k;
tPur;rpWtd;
kPdtHfs; vd;d ghl;L ghLthHfs;. 125. kf;fs; neUf;fk; kpFe;j efuk; vJ?
ehl; L g; G wg; g hly; nfhy; f j; j h
118. ehl; L g; G wg; ghly; f isf; fP o ; f ; vOj; j hsH [hdfpkzhsd;
fhZk; tiffshfg; gpupf;fyhk;: vd;ghUila mwpit tsHf;Fk;
jhyhl; L g; g hly; f s; mw; G jf; fijfs; vd; D k;
tpisahl; L g; g hly; f s; E}ypypUe;J , r ; r p W f i j
njhopy; ghly; f s; vLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sJ.
rlq; F g; ghly; f s; 126. tpy;ypypUe;J Gwg;gl;l mk;igg;
nfhz; l hl; l g; ghly; f s; Nghyg; gha;e;J rhiyf;F te;jtH
topghl; L g; g hly; f s; ahH?
xg; g hupg; ghly; f s; tpNtfhde; j H.
119. gpwe;j Foe;ijf;fhfg; ghLk; ghly; 127. gpw;fhyj;jpy; cyfk; Gfo caHe;j
vJ? Rthkp ahH?
jhyhl; L g; ghly; tpNtfhde; j H
120. nfhQ;rk; tsHe;j gps;isfs; ghLk; 128. tpNtfhde;jupd; kWngaH vd;d?
ghly; vJ? eNue; j puehj;
tpisahl; L g; g hly; ,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk;
121. fisg;G ePq;f> Ntiy nra;NthH ehl;Lg;Gwj; jkpo; mwpNthk;
ghLtJ vJ?
njhopy; ghly; 129. Nfhopaf; Nfl;lh Mdk; fhr;Rthq;f...?
Mdk; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?
Fok; G
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130. msf;Fw ehopfF ; mftpiy njupAkh? 2. tpidr;nrhy;

ehop vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? 3. ,ilr;nrhy; 4. cupr;nrhy;
jhdpaq;fis msf;Fk; gb 137. nry;tp te;jhs; vd;w nrhw;nwhlupy;
131. mftpiy vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? ngaHr;nrhy; vJ? tpidr;nrhy;
jhdpa tpiy vJ?
132. jpwe;j tPlL ; f;Fj; jpwTNfhy; vJf;F? nry; t p vd; g J ngaHr; n rhy;
jpwTNfhy; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?
te;jhs; vd;gJ tpidr;nrhy;
rhtp
138. fP o ; f ; f hZk; nrhw; n whlHfspy;
133. xw;W vdg;gLtJ ahJ?
cs;s ngaHr;nrhy;fisAk; tpidr;
nka; n aOj; J
nrhw;fisAk; Rl;Lf.
134. xw;nwOj;ijr; NrHj;J vOJf
ngaHr; tpidr;
ghliy+nrhd;Ndd; = ghliyr;
nrhy; nrhy;
nrhd; N dd;
1. kuk; MbaJ kuk; MbaJ
flTis+fz;Nld; = flTisf;
2. ,UtH ghbdH ,UtH ghbdH
fz; N ld;
3. nra;jp guTk; nra;jp guTk;
goj;ij+jpd; N wd; = goj;ijj;
4. Fkud; tUfpwhd; Fkud; tUfpwhd;
jpd; N wd;
139. fP o ; f ; f hZk; nrhw; n whlHfspd;
f z ; z D f ; F +n f h L j ; N j d ; =
nghUj;jkhd ngaHr;nrhy;iy ,l;L
fz;zDf;Ff; nfhLj;Njd;
epug;Gf.
k J i u f ; F +n r y ; N t h k ;
1. ______ J}q;fpdhd;
=
kJiuf; F r; nry; N thk;
2. ______ g+j;jJ
135. rupahd nrhw;fisj; NjHe;njLj;Jr;
3. ______ fpupf;nfl;by; ntw;wp
nrhw;nwhliu epug;Gq;fs;.
ngw;wJ
1. ky;ypif ______ tPrpaJ
4. ______ mOjhs;
2. g+kpia ______ tUNtd;
tpil: 1. ghz;bad; 2) ky;ypif>
3. ______gJq;fpg;ghAk;
3) ,e;jpah 4) kzpNkfiy
4. Kfj;jpy;______KWty; Ntz;Lk;
5. eha; ______ epkpuhJ
nghUj; j khd tpidr; n rhy; i y
1. kzk;> 2. tyk;> 3. Gyp>
,l;L epug;Gf.
4. Gd;> 5.thy;
1. $l;lk; ______
136. jkpor; n
; rhw;fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
2. Me;ij ______
mit ahit?
3. tpd;nrd;l; ghlk; ______
jkpo;rn ; rhw;fs; ehd;F tifg;gLk;
4. KfkJ jz;zHP ______
1. ngaHr;nrhy;
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tpil: 1.fiye;jJ 2. mywpaJ 146. ghujpapd; ftpij kPJ nfhz;l

3.gbj;jhd; 4.gUfpdhd;. fhjyhy; jk; K ila ngaiu
141. tha;nkhopahf tpil $Wf.(Mk; khw;wpf;nfhz;ltH ahH?
my;yJ ,y;iy) ghujpjhrd;
eNue;jpuehj; Jzpr;ry; kpf;ftd; 147. fdf Rg;Guj;jpd ftpij E}y;fs;?
(Mk;> ,y;iy) 1. ghz;bad; gupR
Mk; 2. mofpd; r pupg; G
3. FLk;gtpsf;F
,ay; - 4
148. Gul;rpf;ftpQH ghujpjhrdpd; tho;ej
;
nra;As; - ,iraKJ
fhyk;.
142. kioNa kioNa th th vd;w 29.4.1891 Kjy; 21.4.1964 tiu
,iraKJ vd;w ghliy vOjpatH
ahH? gonkhop ehD}W
Gul; r pf; f tpQH ghujpjhrd; 149. “Mw;wTk; fw;whH mwpTilahH”
143. nrhw;nghUs; vd;w gonkhop ehD}W ghliy
1. thdg;Gdy; - thdj;J ePH ghbatH ahH?
2. Gdy; - ePH Kd; W iw miuadhH
3. itaj;J mKJ - g+kpapd; mKjk; 150. Nghjpa E}y; f is epiwthff;
4. itak; - cyfk;>g+kp fw;wtH ahH?
5. jfug;ge;jy; - jfuj;jpy; Nghlg; mwpTilahH
gl;l ge;jy; 151. mwpTilahupd; Gfo; ve;j jpirfspy;
6. nghb - kfue;jg;nghb guTk;?
ehd; F jpirfspYk;
7. jio - nrb
152. nrhw;nghUs;
8. jioahntg;gk; - ngUFk; ntg;gk;
1. Mw;wTk; - epiwthf
Fiwahj ntg; g k; vd; W k;
2. ehw;wpir - ehd;F+jpir
nghUs; nfhs;syhk;
3. jkNtahk; - jk;Kila ehNl
9. jiof;fTk; - FiwaTk; MFk;
144. “Gul;rpf; ftpQH” vd;Wk; ghNte;jH 4. Mw;Wzh - MW+czh
vd;Wk; Gfog;gLgtH ahH? 5. MW - top
ghujpjhrd; 6. czh - czT (topeil
145. ghujpjhrd; vd;gtupd; ,aw;ngaH? czT ,jidf; “fl;Lr;NrhW“
fdfRg; G uj; j pdk; vd;W ,f;fhyj;jpy; nrhy;Nthk;)
12

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153. gonkhop ehD}W ve;j E}y;fSs; 1922 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1964
xd;W. Mk; Mz;L tiu 42 Mz;Lfs;
gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs; fbjq;fs; vOjpdhH.
154. ehD}W ghly;fisf; nfhz;l E}y; 164. NeU ntspehL nrd;w nghOJk;
vJ? ,e; j pahtpy; ,Ue; j nghOJk;
gonkhop ehD}W ahUf;Ff; fbjk; vOjpdhH?
155. gonkhop ehD}W vd;Dk; ghlypy;
kfs; ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F
tUk; gonkhop Mw;Wzh Ntz;LtJ
165. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp ve;j fy;Y}upy; NrUk;
,y; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?
NghJ NeU fbjk; vOjpdhH?
fw;wtDf;Ff ; fl;Lr;NrhW
jh$upd; tpRtghujp fy;Y}up
Ntz;lhk;
166. tpRtghujp ve;j ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ?
156. gonkhop ehD}w;wpd; MrpupaH ahH?
Nkw;F tq;fhsj;jpy;
Kd; W iw miuadhH
167. NeU ve;jg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;
157. Kd;Wiw vd;gJ vd;d?
gapd;whH?
CHg; n gaH
Nfk; g pupl; [ ;
158. miuad; vd;w nrhy; ___ Fwpf;Fk;
168. mw;Gjkhd Mq;fpyg;gilg;ghspfs;
muridf;
ahH?
159. Mw;Wzh - MW + czh
Nrf; ] ; g paH> kpy; l d;
ciueil 169. Gj;jfq;fisg; gw;wp NeU> ,e;jpuh
kfs; ,e;jpuhTf;F fhe;jpaplk; $wpaJ?
NeU vOjpa fbjk; gpNsl;Nlhtpd; Gj;jfq;fs; Ritah
160. ekJ ,e;jpa ehl;bd; tpLjiyf; dit@ rpe;jidiaj; J}z;Lgit
fhfg; ghLgl;l jiytHfspy; xUtH 170. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp NeUtplk; ve;j ehtiy
[tfHyhy; NeU thrpf;fg; Nghtjhfr; nrhd;dhH?
161. ek; ehL tpLjiy ngw;wgpd; Kjy; lhy;];lhapd; “N g h U k ;
gpujkuhfg; nghWg;Ngw;wtH ahH? mikjpAk;”
[tfHyhy; NeU 171. cyfpd; kpfr;rpwe;j E}y;fSs; xd;W.
162. [tfHyhy; NeUtpd; md;G kfs; ahH? lhy;]l ; hapd; “NghUk; mikjpAk;”
,e;jpuh fhe;jp 172. ehk; Vd; Gj;jfk; thrpf;f Ntz;Lk;?
163. ,e; j puhfhe; j pf; F f; fbjq; f is mwpT ngWtjw; f hf> kfpo; r ; r p
vj;jid Mz;Lfs; NeU vOjpf; miltjw; f hf.
nfhz;bUe;jhH? 173. Nfk;gpupl;[; - ,q;fpyhe;jpYs;s
gy;fiyf;fofk;
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174. Nrf;]g; paH Mq;fpy ehlf MrpupaH xw;iwf;nfhk;G Jiz vOj;J Fwpy;
175. kpy;ld; - Mq;fpyf;ftpQH g; + x + ngh = nghUs;
176. gpNsl;Nlh - fpNuf;fr; rpe;jidahsH ,ul;ilf; nfhk;G Jiz vOj;J
177. fhspjhrH - tlnkhop ehlf MrpupaH neby;
178. lhy;]l
; ha; - ,u\;a ehl;L vOj;jhsH j; + X + Njh = Njhy;tp
179. ngHdhHl;\h - Mq;fpy ehlf MrpupaH 188. NeUtpd; JiztpahH ngaH vd;d?
180. ngl;uz;l; u];]y; - rpe;jidahsH: fkyh NeU
fy;tpahsH 189. ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F NeU ve;j ,lj;jpy;
181. my;Nkhuh rpiw - cj;juhQ;ry; ,Ue;J fbjj;ij vOjpdhH.
khepyj;jpy; cs;sJ NeU ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F> my;Nkhuh
182. fpUgshdp - tpRtghujpapy; gzpGupej
; khtl;lr; rpiwr;rhiyapypUe;J
xU NguhrpupaH vOjpdhH.
190. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp gbj;j gy;fiyf;fofk;
vJ? mJ vq;Fs;sJ?
183. kuKk; jioAk; vd;w njhlupy; ,e;jpuhfhe;jp Mf;]N; ghHL gy;fiyf;
jio vd;gJ ______ Fwpj;jJ fofj;jpy; gbj;jhH> ,q;fpyhe;jpy;
nrbnfhbiaf; cs;sJ.
184. MW vd; w nrhy; Y f; F j; j hd; 191. NeU ,e;jpaj; jpUehl;bd;
vj;jid nghUs;fs;? tpLjiyf; f hf> ve; j Mz; b y;
MW - XH vz;(6) gy;NtW tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lq;fspy;
MW - ejp <Lgl;lhH?
MW - top 1921 Mk; Mz;L
185. ,ul;ilf;fpstp vd;gJ vd;d? 192. mz;zy; fhe;jpabfspd; jiyik
,ul;il vd;why; ,uz;L apy; NeU ve;jg; Nghuhl;lq;fspy;
fpstp vd;why; nrhy; jPtpukha;g; gq;Nfw;whH?
186. ,ul;ilf;fpstpf;F v.fh jUf? mwg; N ghuhl; l k;
jz jz> fz fz 193. rpiwr;rhiyapy; NeUtpd; ez;gdha;
187. xw;iwf;nfhk;G> ,ul;ilf;nfhk;G ,Ue;jJ vJ?
fPNo fhz;Nghk; Gj; j fk;
xw;iwf;nfhk;G Fwpy;
r; + v + nr = nrb
,ul;ilf;nfhk;G - neby;
t; + V + Nt = Nty;
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,lk; Nehf; f p tutiof; f pwJ. 94. Fwpy; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid mit

gopthq;f> ghk;Gfs; tUtjpy;iy ahit?
ghk; G jd; ehf; i f mbf; f b Ie;J. m> ,> c> v> x
ntspNa ePl;Lk;. Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpd; 95. Fwpy; vOj;Jfs; nka; vOj;Jf;
thridia mwpe;J nfhs;sj;jhd; fNshL NrUk; NghJ___ vOj;Jfs;
ghk;G mt;thW nra;fpwJ. cz;lhfpd;wd.
ey;y ghk;gpd; eQ;R Nfhg;uhf;rpd; capH nka;f;Fwpy;
(Cobrozin) vDk; typePf;fp kUe;J 96. neby; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid? mit
jahupf; f g; g ad; g LfpwJ. ,e; j pa ahit?
M> <> C> V> I> X> xs
muR tdtpyq; F g; ghJfhg; G r;
97. neby; vOj;Jfs;> nka;naOj;Jf;
rl;lk; 1972 ,d; gb> NjhYf;fhfg;
fNshL NrUk; NghJ vOj;Jfs;
ghk;Gfs; nfhy;yg;gLtijj; jLf;f
cz;lhfpd;wd.
rl;lk; epiwNtw;wp cs;sJ.
capHnka; n eby;
,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk; 98. fPof ; f
; hZk; nrhw;fisf; nfhz;L
90. capH vOj;Jfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? thf;fpaq;fis mikf;fTk;.
1. fy; - rpw; g q; f s; fy; y py;
mit ahit?
nrJf; f g; g Lk;
gd;dpuz;L. m> M> ,> <> c>
2. fhy; - Nrw;W epyj;jpy; fhiy
C> v> V> I> x> X> xs.
mOe;j Cd;wp nkJtha; elf;f
91. nka; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid? mit
Ntz; L k;
ahit?
3. Fil - ntapypypUe;Jk; kioap
gjpndl;L. f;> q;> r;> Q;> l;> z;> j;>
ypUe;Jk; ek;ikf; fhg;gJ> Fil
e;> g;> k;> a;> H> y;> t;> o;> s;> w;> d;. 4. $il - %q;fpy;fshy; $ilfs;
92. jkpopYs; s Kjy; vOj; J fs; Kilag; g Lfpd; w d
nkhj;jk; vj;jid? 99. NrHj;J vOJf
Kg; g J 1. kzk; + cz;L = kzKz;L
93. md;whl Ngr;rpYk;> vOj;jpYk;> ve;j 2. rpyH + mOthH = rpyuOthH
vOj;Jfs; gad;gLfpd;wd?
3. Gfo; + ,oe;Njd; = Gfopoe;Njd;
fp> rp> gp> b> jp> kp.
100. gpupj;J vOJf
capnuOj;J 12
1. ,Uk;ghzpfs; - ,Uk;G + Mzpfs;
nka;naOj;J 18
2. nfhy;yUiy - nfhy;yH + ciy
capH nka; vOj;J 216
3. Ntwpy;iy - NtW + ,y;iy
Ma;j vOj;J 1
nkhj;jk; 247
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101. ey;y jkpo;rn ; rhw;fis mwpNthk; 105. “kidf; F tpsf; f k; klths; ”

1. tha; f ; f hy; - Mw; w pd; xU vd;Dk; ehd;kzpf;fbifg; ghliy
rpWfpisNa tha;ff ; hy; MFk; ghbatH ahH?
2. nra; - ed;nra; epyq;fspy; tpsk; g pehfdhH
ney;Yk; fUk;Gk; kpFjpaha; 106. nrhw;nghUs;
tpisAk; 1. klths; - ngz;
3. tz;ik - nghUs; ,y;yhjtHf;Ff; 2. jifrhy; - gz;gpy; rpwe;j
nfhLf; F k; tz; i kf; F zk; 3. kdf;fpdpa - kdj;Jf;F ,dpa
vy;yhUf;Fk; Ntz;Lk; 4. fhjy; Gjy;tH - md;Gkf;fs;
4. Qhyk; - ,e; j Qhyj; j py; 5. Xjpd; - vJntd;W nrhy;Yk;
cs;NshH midtUk; ek; cwtpdNu NghJ
102. gpdt
; Uk; epfo;TfSf;fhd fhuzj;ijf; 6. Gfo;rhy; - Gfioj;jUk;
fz;lwpe;J vOJf 7. czHT - ey;nyz;zk;
1. kdpjHfs; ahidia Ntl;il 107. ehd;kzpf;fbif ve;j E}y;fSs;
ahlf; fhuzk; - je;jk; xd;W.
2. cyfk; ntg;gkilaf; fhuzk; gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F
- thfdg;Gif 108. FLk;gj;jpd; tpsf;F ahH?
3. MWfs; khrilaf; fhuzk; - ngz;
njhopw; r hiyf; fopT 109. fbif vd;gJ
4. kio Fiwaf; fhuzk; - mzpfyd; ( eif)
fhLfs; mopg;G 110. ehd;kzpf;fbif vd;gjd; nghUs;.
vOj;Jf;fSk; cwTk; ehd;F kzpfs; nfhz;l mzpfyd;
111. ehd;kzpf;fbifapd; MrpupaH ahH?
103. jd; vOj; J ld; kl; L k; NrUk; tpsk; g pehfdhH
vOj;Jfs; cldpiynka;k; kaf;fk; 112. tpsk;gp - CHg;ngaH@ ehfdhH
v.fh gf;fk;> mr;rk; vd;gJ Gytupd; ,aw;ngaH
104. jd; vOj; J ld; NruhJ gpw
vOj;Jf;fSld; NrUk; vOj;Jfs;. ciueil
Ntw;W epiy nka;kk; af;fk; MuhNuh MupuNuh
v.fh. rhHG> tho;f;if 113. vOj;J topahf tuhky; ghbg;ghb
tha;topahfg; guTfpw ghl;L vJ?
,ay; 3
ehl; L g; G wg; ghl; L
nra;As; - ehd;kzpf;fbif

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114. Foe;ijiaj; jha; njhl;bypypl;Lg; 122. jpUkzk; kw;Wk; gpw epfo;Tfspy;

ghLk; ghl;Lf;F ngaH vd;d? ghLtJ vJ?
jhyhl; L g; g hly; rlq; F g; ghly; > nfhz; l hl; l g;
115. Kw;fhyj;jpy; jhyhl;Lg; ghly;fis ghly; f s;
vt;thW $wp te;jhHfs;? 123. rhkp Fk;gpLNthH ghLk; ghly; vJ?
fpuhkpag; ghly; f s; topghl; L g; g hly;
116. nrd;id Nghd;w ngU efuq;fspy; 124. ,we;NjhUf;Fg; ghLk; ghly; vJ?
kf;fs; ghLk; _____ $l ehl;Lg;Gwg; xg; g hupg; g hly; f s;
ghly;.
fhdhg; g hly;
Jizg; g hlk;
117. flYf; F r; nrd; W kP d ; g pbf; F k;
tPur;rpWtd;
kPdtHfs; vd;d ghl;L ghLthHfs;. 125. kf;fs; neUf;fk; kpFe;j efuk; vJ?
ehl; L g; G wg; g hly; nfhy; f j; j h
118. ehl; L g; G wg; ghly; f isf; fP o ; f ; vOj; j hsH [hdfpkzhsd;
fhZk; tiffshfg; gpupf;fyhk;: vd;ghUila mwpit tsHf;Fk;
jhyhl; L g; g hly; f s; mw; G jf; fijfs; vd; D k;
tpisahl; L g; g hly; f s; E}ypypUe;J , r ; r p W f i j
njhopy; ghly; f s; vLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sJ.
rlq; F g; ghly; f s; 126. tpy;ypypUe;J Gwg;gl;l mk;igg;
nfhz; l hl; l g; ghly; f s; Nghyg; gha;e;J rhiyf;F te;jtH
topghl; L g; g hly; f s; ahH?
xg; g hupg; ghly; f s; tpNtfhde; j H.
119. gpwe;j Foe;ijf;fhfg; ghLk; ghly; 127. gpw;fhyj;jpy; cyfk; Gfo caHe;j
vJ? Rthkp ahH?
jhyhl; L g; ghly; tpNtfhde; j H
120. nfhQ;rk; tsHe;j gps;isfs; ghLk; 128. tpNtfhde;jupd; kWngaH vd;d?
ghly; vJ? eNue; j puehj;
tpisahl; L g; g hly; ,yf;fzKk; nkhopj;jpwDk;
121. fisg;G ePq;f> Ntiy nra;NthH ehl;Lg;Gwj; jkpo; mwpNthk;
ghLtJ vJ?
njhopy; ghly; 129. Nfhopaf; Nfl;lh Mdk; fhr;Rthq;f...?
Mdk; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?
Fok; G
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130. msf;Fw ehopfF ; mftpiy njupAkh? 2. tpidr;nrhy;

ehop vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? 3. ,ilr;nrhy; 4. cupr;nrhy;
jhdpaq;fis msf;Fk; gb 137. nry;tp te;jhs; vd;w nrhw;nwhlupy;
131. mftpiy vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? ngaHr;nrhy; vJ? tpidr;nrhy;
jhdpa tpiy vJ?
132. jpwe;j tPlL ; f;Fj; jpwTNfhy; vJf;F? nry; t p vd; g J ngaHr; n rhy;
jpwTNfhy; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?
te;jhs; vd;gJ tpidr;nrhy;
rhtp
133. xw;W vdg;gLtJ ahJ?
cs;s ngaHr;nrhy;fisAk; tpidr;
nka; n aOj; J
nrhw;fisAk; Rl;Lf.
134. xw;nwOj;ijr; NrHj;J vOJf
ngaHr; tpidr;
ghliy+nrhd;Ndd; = ghliyr;
nrhy; nrhy;
nrhd; N dd;
1. kuk; MbaJ kuk; MbaJ
flTis+fz;Nld; = flTisf;
2. ,UtH ghbdH ,UtH ghbdH
fz; N ld;
3. nra;jp guTk; nra;jp guTk;
goj;ij+jpd; N wd; = goj;ijj;
4. Fkud; tUfpwhd; Fkud; tUfpwhd;
jpd; N wd;
139. fP o ; f ; f hZk; nrhw; n whlHfspd;
f z ; z D f ; F +n f h L j ; N j d ; =
nghUj;jkhd ngaHr;nrhy;iy ,l;L
fz;zDf;Ff; nfhLj;Njd;
epug;Gf.
k J i u f ; F +n r y ; N t h k ;
1. ______ J}q;fpdhd;
=
kJiuf; F r; nry; N thk;
2. ______ g+j;jJ
135. rupahd nrhw;fisj; NjHe;njLj;Jr;
3. ______ fpupf;nfl;by; ntw;wp
nrhw;nwhliu epug;Gq;fs;.
ngw;wJ
1. ky;ypif ______ tPrpaJ
4. ______ mOjhs;
2. g+kpia ______ tUNtd;
tpil: 1. ghz;bad; 2) ky;ypif>
3. ______gJq;fpg;ghAk;
3) ,e;jpah 4) kzpNkfiy
4. Kfj;jpy;______KWty; Ntz;Lk;
5. eha; ______ epkpuhJ
nghUj; j khd tpidr; n rhy; i y
1. kzk;> 2. tyk;> 3. Gyp>
,l;L epug;Gf.
4. Gd;> 5.thy;
1. $l;lk; ______
136. jkpor; n
; rhw;fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
2. Me;ij ______
mit ahit?
3. tpd;nrd;l; ghlk; ______
jkpo;rn ; rhw;fs; ehd;F tifg;gLk;
4. KfkJ jz;zHP ______
1. ngaHr;nrhy;
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tpil: 1.fiye;jJ 2. mywpaJ 146. ghujpapd; ftpij kPJ nfhz;l

3.gbj;jhd; 4.gUfpdhd;. fhjyhy; jk; K ila ngaiu
141. tha;nkhopahf tpil $Wf.(Mk; khw;wpf;nfhz;ltH ahH?
my;yJ ,y;iy) ghujpjhrd;
eNue;jpuehj; Jzpr;ry; kpf;ftd; 147. fdf Rg;Guj;jpd ftpij E}y;fs;?
(Mk;> ,y;iy) 1. ghz;bad; gupR
Mk; 2. mofpd; r pupg; G
3. FLk;gtpsf;F
,ay; - 4
148. Gul;rpf;ftpQH ghujpjhrdpd; tho;ej
;
nra;As; - ,iraKJ
fhyk;.
142. kioNa kioNa th th vd;w 29.4.1891 Kjy; 21.4.1964 tiu
,iraKJ vd;w ghliy vOjpatH
ahH? gonkhop ehD}W
Gul; r pf; f tpQH ghujpjhrd; 149. “Mw;wTk; fw;whH mwpTilahH”
143. nrhw;nghUs; vd;w gonkhop ehD}W ghliy
1. thdg;Gdy; - thdj;J ePH ghbatH ahH?
2. Gdy; - ePH Kd; W iw miuadhH
3. itaj;J mKJ - g+kpapd; mKjk; 150. Nghjpa E}y; f is epiwthff;
4. itak; - cyfk;>g+kp fw;wtH ahH?
5. jfug;ge;jy; - jfuj;jpy; Nghlg; mwpTilahH
gl;l ge;jy; 151. mwpTilahupd; Gfo; ve;j jpirfspy;
6. nghb - kfue;jg;nghb guTk;?
ehd; F jpirfspYk;
7. jio - nrb
152. nrhw;nghUs;
8. jioahntg;gk; - ngUFk; ntg;gk;
1. Mw;wTk; - epiwthf
Fiwahj ntg; g k; vd; W k;
2. ehw;wpir - ehd;F+jpir
nghUs; nfhs;syhk;
3. jkNtahk; - jk;Kila ehNl
9. jiof;fTk; - FiwaTk; MFk;
144. “Gul;rpf; ftpQH” vd;Wk; ghNte;jH 4. Mw;Wzh - MW+czh
vd;Wk; Gfog;gLgtH ahH? 5. MW - top
ghujpjhrd; 6. czh - czT (topeil
145. ghujpjhrd; vd;gtupd; ,aw;ngaH? czT ,jidf; “fl;Lr;NrhW“
fdfRg; G uj; j pdk; vd;W ,f;fhyj;jpy; nrhy;Nthk;)
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153. gonkhop ehD}W ve;j E}y;fSs; 1922 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1964
xd;W. Mk; Mz;L tiu 42 Mz;Lfs;
gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fs; fbjq;fs; vOjpdhH.
154. ehD}W ghly;fisf; nfhz;l E}y; 164. NeU ntspehL nrd;w nghOJk;
vJ? ,e; j pahtpy; ,Ue; j nghOJk;
gonkhop ehD}W ahUf;Ff; fbjk; vOjpdhH?
155. gonkhop ehD}W vd;Dk; ghlypy;
kfs; ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F
tUk; gonkhop Mw;Wzh Ntz;LtJ
165. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp ve;j fy;Y}upy; NrUk;
,y; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?
NghJ NeU fbjk; vOjpdhH?
fw;wtDf;Ff ; fl;Lr;NrhW
jh$upd; tpRtghujp fy;Y}up
Ntz;lhk;
166. tpRtghujp ve;j ,lj;jpy; cs;sJ?
156. gonkhop ehD}w;wpd; MrpupaH ahH?
Nkw;F tq;fhsj;jpy;
Kd; W iw miuadhH
167. NeU ve;jg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;
157. Kd;Wiw vd;gJ vd;d?
gapd;whH?
CHg; n gaH
Nfk; g pupl; [ ;
158. miuad; vd;w nrhy; ___ Fwpf;Fk;
168. mw;Gjkhd Mq;fpyg;gilg;ghspfs;
muridf;
ahH?
159. Mw;Wzh - MW + czh
Nrf; ] ; g paH> kpy; l d;
ciueil 169. Gj;jfq;fisg; gw;wp NeU> ,e;jpuh
kfs; ,e;jpuhTf;F fhe;jpaplk; $wpaJ?
NeU vOjpa fbjk; gpNsl;Nlhtpd; Gj;jfq;fs; Ritah
160. ekJ ,e;jpa ehl;bd; tpLjiyf; dit@ rpe;jidiaj; J}z;Lgit
fhfg; ghLgl;l jiytHfspy; xUtH 170. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp NeUtplk; ve;j ehtiy
[tfHyhy; NeU thrpf;fg; Nghtjhfr; nrhd;dhH?
161. ek; ehL tpLjiy ngw;wgpd; Kjy; lhy;];lhapd; “N g h U k ;
gpujkuhfg; nghWg;Ngw;wtH ahH? mikjpAk;”
[tfHyhy; NeU 171. cyfpd; kpfr;rpwe;j E}y;fSs; xd;W.
162. [tfHyhy; NeUtpd; md;G kfs; ahH? lhy;]l ; hapd; “NghUk; mikjpAk;”
,e;jpuh fhe;jp 172. ehk; Vd; Gj;jfk; thrpf;f Ntz;Lk;?
163. ,e; j puhfhe; j pf; F f; fbjq; f is mwpT ngWtjw; f hf> kfpo; r ; r p
vj;jid Mz;Lfs; NeU vOjpf; miltjw; f hf.
nfhz;bUe;jhH? 173. Nfk;gpupl;[; - ,q;fpyhe;jpYs;s
gy;fiyf;fofk;
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174. Nrf;]g; paH Mq;fpy ehlf MrpupaH xw;iwf;nfhk;G Jiz vOj;J Fwpy;
175. kpy;ld; - Mq;fpyf;ftpQH g; + x + ngh = nghUs;
176. gpNsl;Nlh - fpNuf;fr; rpe;jidahsH ,ul;ilf; nfhk;G Jiz vOj;J
177. fhspjhrH - tlnkhop ehlf MrpupaH neby;
178. lhy;]l
; ha; - ,u\;a ehl;L vOj;jhsH j; + X + Njh = Njhy;tp
179. ngHdhHl;\h - Mq;fpy ehlf MrpupaH 188. NeUtpd; JiztpahH ngaH vd;d?
180. ngl;uz;l; u];]y; - rpe;jidahsH: fkyh NeU
fy;tpahsH 189. ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F NeU ve;j ,lj;jpy;
181. my;Nkhuh rpiw - cj;juhQ;ry; ,Ue;J fbjj;ij vOjpdhH.
khepyj;jpy; cs;sJ NeU ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F> my;Nkhuh
182. fpUgshdp - tpRtghujpapy; gzpGupej
; khtl;lr; rpiwr;rhiyapypUe;J
xU NguhrpupaH vOjpdhH.
190. ,e;jpuhfhe;jp gbj;j gy;fiyf;fofk;
vJ? mJ vq;Fs;sJ?
183. kuKk; jioAk; vd;w njhlupy; ,e;jpuhfhe;jp Mf;]N; ghHL gy;fiyf;
jio vd;gJ ______ Fwpj;jJ fofj;jpy; gbj;jhH> ,q;fpyhe;jpy;
nrbnfhbiaf; cs;sJ.
184. MW vd; w nrhy; Y f; F j; j hd; 191. NeU ,e;jpaj; jpUehl;bd;
vj;jid nghUs;fs;? tpLjiyf; f hf> ve; j Mz; b y;
MW - XH vz;(6) gy;NtW tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lq;fspy;
MW - ejp <Lgl;lhH?
MW - top 1921 Mk; Mz;L
185. ,ul;ilf;fpstp vd;gJ vd;d? 192. mz;zy; fhe;jpabfspd; jiyik
,ul;il vd;why; ,uz;L apy; NeU ve;jg; Nghuhl;lq;fspy;
fpstp vd;why; nrhy; jPtpukha;g; gq;Nfw;whH?
186. ,ul;ilf;fpstpf;F v.fh jUf? mwg; N ghuhl; l k;
jz jz> fz fz 193. rpiwr;rhiyapy; NeUtpd; ez;gdha;
187. xw;iwf;nfhk;G> ,ul;ilf;nfhk;G ,Ue;jJ vJ?
fPNo fhz;Nghk; Gj; j fk;
xw;iwf;nfhk;G Fwpy;
r; + v + nr = nrb
,ul;ilf;nfhk;G - neby;
t; + V + Nt = Nty;
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,ay; - 5 200. ,uhkrhkpapd; ngw; N whu; ngaH

nra;As; - rpj;jH vd;d?
ghly; ntq;flg;gUf;Fk;- rpd;dj;
jhak; k hs;
194. “itNjhiu $l itahNj” vd;w 201. nrhe; j khfr; rpe; j pj; J g; Gupe; J
rpj;jH ghly; ghbatH ahH? nfhs;s epidf;fpwtH ahH?
fLntspr; r pj; j H ,uhkrhkp
195. nrhw;nghUs; 202. ,uhkrhkpapd; CH vJ?
1.nta;a tpid - Jd;gk; jUk; nray; <NuhL
2 Ntk;G - frg;ghdnrhw;fs;@ 203. jkpofj;jpd; kpfg;ngupa rpe;jid
3. tPwhg;G - ,Wkhg;G ahsH ahH?
4. gyupy; - gyH + ,y;> gyUila ,uhkrhkp
tPLfs; 204. ,uhkrhkp vd;w ngaiu vt;thW
5. Gfy; xz;zhNj - nry;yhNj miog;ghH?
6. rhw;Wk; - Gfo;rr; pahfg; NgRtJ@ ngupahH <.nt.uh
205. ngupahH <.nt.uh. tho;e;j fhyk;
7. flk; - clk;G
KOtJk; ______ f;Nf Kjyplk;
196. rpj;jHfs; vj;jid Mz;LfSf;F
nfhLj;jhH.
Kd; jkpofj;jpd; fhL kiyfspy;
mwpTf; N f
tho;e;jtHfs;.
206. mwpitg; gad;gLj;jp vJ rup> vJ
RkhH ehD}W Mz;LfSf;F Kd; jtW vd;W rpe;jpj;Nj KbntLf;f
197. rpj;jHfspd; fhuzg;ngaHfs; ahJ? Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhd;dtH ahH?
ghk;ghl;br;rpj;jH> Fjk;igr;rpj;jH> ngupahH
mOFzpr;rpj;jH. 207. rhjp Vw; w j; j ho; T fisAk; kj
198. cUt topghL nra;ahky; ntl;l khWghl;ilAk; mfw;w Ntz;Lk;
ntspiaNa flTshf topgl;ltH vd;wtH ahH?
ahH? ngupahH
fLntspr; r pj; j H 208. ngupahH xU rq;fKk; mikj;jhH
199. vspa nrhw;fspd; mwpTiufisr; mjd; ngaH vd;d?
nrhd;dtH ahH? gFj; j wpthsH rq; f k;
fLntspr; r pj; j H 209. ,sk; tajpNyNa ngupahH ahUld;
ciueil njhz;L Gupe;jtH?
,sikapy; ngupahH Nfl;l kfhj;kh fhe;jp
Nfs; t p 210. ngupahH ve;jf; fl;rpapy; NrHe;jhH?
fhq; f pu]; f l; r p
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211. fs;Sf;fil kwpaypy; <Lgl;ltH ahH? 220. jha;khHfs; ,uhkrhkpf;F vd;d

ngupahH gl;lk; toq;fpdhHfs;?
212. fs; ,wf;fhky; jLg;gjw;fhfj; ngupahH
jdJ Njhg;gpypUe;j midj;Jj; 221. “ngz; tpLjiyf;Fg; gpd; ngz;fs;
njd;id kuq;fisAk; ntl;br; fy;tp fw;fNtz;Lk;” vd;W
rha;j;jtH ahH? typAWj;jpatH ahH?
ngupahH ngupahH
213. ngupahH gpwg;gpdhy; tUk; ve;j 222. n g u p a h H n g z ; f i s v e ; j
rhjp NtWghLfis mfw;wpdhH. tpisahl;Lf;fisf; fw;Wf;nfhs;s
fPo;r;rhjp- Nky;rhjp Ntz;Lk; vd;whH?
214. kf;fs; midtUk; vd;Dk; Xupdkhf ky;Aj;jk;> Fj;Jr;rz;il
vz;zNtz;Lnkd;whH. 223. ngupahH ve;j murhq;fg;gzpapy;
kdpjrhjp ngz;fSk; NruNtz;Lk; vd;whH.
215. fjH mzpa Ntz;Lk; vd;W gpur;rhuk; ,uhZtk; > fhty; J iw
nra;jJld;> jdJ Njhspy; fjHj; 224. ngupahH ve;j tajpYk; $lg; Gjpa
Jzpfisr; Rke;J tpw;wtH ahH? rpe;jidfis vLj;Jf;$wpdhH?
ngupahH njhz; Z }w; i we; J taJ
216. Nfushtpy; ve;j Cupy; jho;j;jg; 225. ngupahH ve;j Mz;L gpwe;jhH?
gl;l kf;fs; Nfhtpy; Rw;Wj;njUtpy; 17.09.1879 ,y; gpwe;jhH.
elg;gjw;Fj; jil ,Ue;jJ. 226. ngupahH ve;j Mz;L kiwe;jhH?
itf; f k; 24.12.1973
217. jho;jj; g;gl;l kf;fSf;fhf itf;fk; 227. ngupahH jk; tho; e hspy; 8600
vd;Dk; Cupy; ngupahH Nghuhb ehs;fs;> 13>12>000 fpNyh kPl;lH
ntw;wp ngw;wjhy; kf;fs; vt;thW J}uk; gazk; nra; J > 10>700
mioj;jdH? $l;lq;fspy; 21>400 kzp Neuk;
itf;fk; tPuH kf;fSf;fhf ciuahw;wpr; r%fj;
218. ngupahH vy;yhUf;Fk; vJ mtrpak; njhz;lhw;wpdhH.
vd;whH? 228. 1970 Mk; Mz;L r%fr;rPHjpUj;jr;
fy; t p nray;ghLfSf;fhf If;fpaehLfs;
219. ngz;fSf;F vd;d Kf;fpak; vd;W mitapy; ve;j tpUJ ngupahUf;F
ngupahH $wpdhH? toq;fg;gl;lJ.
mwpTk; > RakupahijAk; “And];Nfh tpUJ”
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229. v e ; j M z ; L e L t z ; m u R
,ay; - 6
ngupahupd; cUtk; nghwpj; j
nra;As; - GwehD}W
mQ; r y; jiyia ntspapl; L r;
rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ. 232. “ehlhF xd;Nwh@ fhlhF xd;Nwh”
1978 Mk; Mz;L vd; w GwehD}w; W g; ghliyg;
ghbatH ahH?
,yf; f zk; xsitahH
230. gpiofs; 233. nrhw; n ghUs;
1) xw; W g; g piofs; 1. xd;Nwh - njhlUk; nrhy;
flikia nra;@ gyidNfs; 2. ehlhF xd;Nwh - ehlhf ,Ue;jhy;
kurhkhd;fs; thliff;F fpilf;Fk; vd;d my;yJ.... vdj; njhlUk;
2) Fwpy; neby; gpiofs; 3. mty; - gs;sk;
rhg;ghL jhahH 4. kpir - NkL
5. ey;iy - ed;whf ,Ug;gha;@
gs;spf;Flk; mUfpy; cs;sJ
6. MltH - Mz;fs; (,q;F kdpjH
3) JiznaOj;Jg; gpiofs; (n>
fisg; nghJthff; Fwpj;jJ)
N> d;)
234. GwehD}W- ,ijg; gpupj;J vOJf
kUj;Jtkd ghFk; thop
Gwk; + ehd;F + E}W
,q;F gl;L rhy;ypj; jug;ghLk; 235. GwehD}W ve;j E}y;fSs; xd;W?
4) kaq; n fhypg; gpio vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fs;
,Urf;fu thfdk; gYJ ghHf;fg;gLk; 236. E}y; F wpg; G
jpdrup gfs; fhl;rp cz;L. ,e; E }y; GytH gyH ,aw; w pa
231. kWj;jy;fSf;Ff; Fwpg;G ghly;fspd; njhFg;G. vl;Lj;njhif
1. kWj;jy; vd;gJ mfk;ghtk; ,y;iy Ak; gj;Jg;ghl;Lk; rq;f E}y;fSk;
2. kWj;jy; vd;gJ gzpahik md;W rq;f ,yf;fpak; <uhapuk; Mz;Lfs;
3. jtwhd fUj;Jf;fis kWj;jhy; gioik cilaJ. jkpoHfspd;
jhd; ehk; tsu KbAk; tuyhW> gz;ghL Mfpatw;iw mwpa
4. Jzpr;rypd; milahsk; cjTk; E}yhfg; GwehD}W jpfo;fpwJ.
jtwhdtw;iw kWg;gJ 237. xsitahH ahH?
5. %lek; g pf; i ffis kWg; g J rq; f g; G ytH
238. xsitahupd; ez;gd; ahH?
Kd;Ndw;wk;
mjpakhd;
6. kWg;gJ ngz;Zf;Fg; ghJfhg;G
239. xsitahH mupaney;ypf;fdpia
7. kWj;jy; miu Fiwahf ,Ue;J
ahuplk; ngw;wtH?
gad; ,y;iy@ cWjpahf ,Uf;f
mjpakhdplk;
Ntz;Lk;.
17

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240. MrpupaH Fwpg; G :- Fkud; > KjypNahH gRk; n ghd;

rq;f fhyj;jpy; ngz; ftpQH gyH Kj; J uhkypq; f j; N jtH
,Ue;jdH mtHfSs; kpFjpahd 247. Kj; J uhkypq; f j; NjtH ve; j
ghly;fs; ghbatH xsitahH. khtl;lj;jpy; gpwe;jhH?
rq;fg;ghly; ghba xsitahUk;> ,uhkehjGuk;
Mj; j p#b ghba xsitahUk; 248. Kj;Juhkypq;fj; Njtupd; CH?
xUtH my;yH@ NtW NtwhdtH. gRk; n ghd;
249. Kj;Juhkypq;fj;NjtH ve;j Mz;L>
GJf; f tpij
ehspy; gpwe;jhH?
jpz;izia ,bj;Jj;
1908 Mk; Mz; L mf; N lhgHj;
njUthf; F !
jpq;fs; 30 Mk; ehs;
241. cl; f hH ez; g h> eye; j hdh? eP 250. Kj;Juhkypq;fj;Njtupd; ngw;NwhH
xJq;fp tho;tJ rupjhdh? vd;w ahH?
ghlypd; MrpupaH ahH? jpU. cf; f pughz; b j; N jtH>
jhuhghujp jpUkjp. ,e;jpuhzp mk;ikahH.
242. ve;jf; ftpQH vOr;rpkpff
; ftpijfs; 251. Kj;Juhkypq;fj; Njtupd; MrpupaH
vOJtjpy; ty;ytH? ahH?
ftpQH jhuhghujp Fiwtw thrpj;jhd; gps;is
243. jkpof murpd; ey;yhrpupaH tpUJ 252. Kj;Juhkypq;fj; NjtH njhlf;ff;
ngw;wtH ahH? fy;tpia _____ fKjpapYs;s
jhuhghujp njhlf;fg; gs;spapy; ngw;whH.
244. jhuhghujp ftpijfs; ______ fpwpj; J tg; ghjpupahHfsplk;
Kjypad ,tHjk; E}y;fSs; rpy. 253. Kj;Juhkypq;fj; NjtH ve;j ve;jg;
Gjpa tpbay;fs;> ,J vq;fs; fpof;F gs;spfspy; gbj;jhH?
245. jhuhghujp tho;e;j fhyk; 1. caHepiyg;gs;sp gRkiyapy;
26.02.1947 Kjy; 13.05.2000 tiu gapd; w hH.
ciueil 2. If;fpaf; fpwpj;Jtg; gs;spapy;
Njrpak; fhj;j nrk;ky; 3. ,uhkehjGuk; muR caHepiyg;
gs;spapy; gj;jhk; tFg;Gg; gbj;jhH.
246. mbikj;jis ePq;ff; fz;zPUk;
254. ,uhkehjGuj;jpy; gbj;Jf; nfhz;b
nre;ePUk; rpe;jpNahH ahH?
Uf;Fk; NghJ ve;j Neha; gutp
jkpofj;jpy; Rg;gpukzpa rpth>
Kj; J uhkypq; f j; NjtH fy; t p
t>Nt.R. IaH> fg;gNyhl;ba jkpod;
epd;wJ.
t.crp.> thQ;rpehjd;> jpUg;g+H
18

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gpNsf; Neha; 3) jpU.tp.f vd;gjd; tphpthf;fk; vd;d?

255. ,uhkypq;fj;NjtH ve;jg; gl;lwpit jpUth&h; tpUj;jhrydhh; kfdhh;
kpFjpahfg; ngw;whH? fypahzRe; j udhh; .
gs;spg;gbg;G epd;whYk; Nfs;tp 4) jpU.tp.f tpd; ngw;Nwhh; ngah; vd;d?
awpitAk; gl;lwpitAk; tpUj;jhrydhh; - rpd;dk;ikahh;
256. Kj;Juhkypq;fj;NjtH ve;j ,U 5) jpU.tp.fypahzRe;judhh; gpwe;j
nkhopfspy; ty;yik ngw;wtH? Ch; vJ?
jkpo;> Mq;fpyk; fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lj;jpYs;s Js;sk;.
257. jkpo;> Mq;fpyk; nkhopfspy; _____ 6) Js; s k; jw; n ghOJ vt; t hW
jpwd; ngw;wtH. miof;fg;gLfpwJ?
nrhw; n ghopthw; W k; jpwd; jz;lyk; (,t;t+h; nrd;idia
258. ,uhkypq;fj; NjtH vjid mLj;Js;s Ngh&Uf;F Nkw;Nf
fw;wwpe;jhH? cs; s J.)
rpyk;gk;> FjpiuVw;wk;> Jg;ghf;fpr; 7) jpU.tp.f tpd; rpwg;G:
RLjy;> Nrhjplk;> kUj;Jtk;. ,th; njhopyhsh; eyDf; F k;
259. ,sikapNyNa _______ MHtq; ngz; f s; Kd; N dw; w j; j pw; F k;
nfhz;lhH. mauhJ ghLgl;lhh;. Nkilj; jkpOf;F
murpaypy; ,yf;fzk; tFj;jhh;. ,thpd; jkpo;
260. ,sik Kjw;nfhz;Nl nghJj; eiliag; Nghw; w pj; “jkpo; j ;
njhz;by; <LghL cilatH ahH? njd;wy;” vdr; rpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpwhh;.
8) jpU.tp.fypahzRe;judhh; gilg;Gfs;
Kj;Juhkypq;fj; NjtH
ahit?
Vohk; tFg;G ,ay; xd;W 1). kdpj tho; f ; i fAk;
nra;As; - tho;j;J fhe;jpabfSk;> 2). ngz;zpd;
1) gz;zpid ,aw;if itj;j vdg; ngUik> 3). jkpo; j ; n jd; w y; >
4).chpik Ntl;if> 5). KUfd;
njhlq; F k; tho; j ; J g; ghliy
my; y J moF> 6).rP h ; j pUj; j k;
,aw;wpath; ahh;?
my; y J ,sik tpUe; J > 7).
jpU.tp.fypahzRe; j udhh;
nghJik Ntl;ly;.
2) nrhw; n ghUs; : -
9) jpU.tp.f mth;fs; tho;ej
; fhyk; vd;d?
m) gz; - ,ir
26.08.1883 - 17.09.1953
M) tz;ik - nfhilj;jd;ik
10) jpU.tp.f ,aw;wpa tho;jJ ; g; ghly;
,) Nghw;wp - tho;j;JfpNwd;
ve;E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ?
<) ,Uf;if - Mrdk;
nghJik Ntl; l y;
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11) nghJik Ntl;ly; vd;Dk; E}y; 22) ts;Sth; vd;why; nghUs; ahJ?
ve;jj; jiyg;gpy; ,lk; murUf;F me;juq;f MNyhrid
ngw;Ws;sJ? $Wk; Xh; cah;e;j mYtyh;
Nghw; w p 23) jpUts;Sthpd; kidtpapd; ngah;
12) nghJik Ntl;ly; vjidf; fle;J vd;d?
thRfp
cyfj;ij xU FLk;gkhff; fUJfpwJ?
24) thRfp ahUila kfs;?
ehL> kjk;> ,dk;> nkhop> epwk;
khh;ff ; rfhah; vd;Dk; Ntshshpd;
13) nja;tepr;rak; Kjyhfg; Nghw;wp
kfs;
<whf vj;jid jiyg;Gfspy; cs;sJ? 25) jpUts;Sth; nra;j njhopy; vd;d?
ehw;gj;J ehd;F nerTj; njhopy;
14) nghJik Ntl;ly; vj;jid ghf;fshy; 26) jpUts;Sthpd; NtW ngah;fs; vd;d?
MdJ? ehadhh; > Njth; > Kjw; g htyh; >
ehD}w;W Kg;gJ nja; t g; Gyth; > ehd; K fd; >
15) n r d ; i d a p y ; c s ; s v e ; j g ; khjhDgq;fp> nre;ehg; Nghjhh;>
gs;spapy; jkpohrphpauhf jpU.tp.f. ngUehtyh; > ngha; a py; Gyth;
mth;fs; gzpahw;wpdhh;? vd; g d
,uhag;Ngl;il nt];yp gs;spapy; 27) jpUts;Sth; fhyk; vJ?
16) ,iwtd; caphpy; itj;jJ vjid? fp.K. 31
28) kdpjd; kdpjdhf tho> kdpjd;
,iwtd; nfhilj; j d; i kia
kdpjDf;Ff; $wpa mwpTiujhd;
caphpy; itj;jhh;.
------------- MFk;.
17) ,iwtdpd; ,Uf;if ahJ?
jpUf; F ws;
,iwtdpd; ,Uf;if cz;ik. 29) -------------- vd;Dk; milnkhopiag;
jpUf; F ws; ngw;Wj; jpUf;Fws; vd toq;fg;
ngWfpwJ.
18) jpUf;Fwis ,aw;wpath; ahh;? jpU
jpUts; S th; 30) jpUf;Fws; vj;jid gphpTfisf;
19) jpUts;Sthpd; ngw;Nwhh; ahh;? nfhz;lJ? mit ahit?
jhapd; ngah; - Mjp %d;W gphpTfisf; nfhz;lJ.
je;ijapd; ngah; - gftd; mit:-
20) jpUts;Sth; ve;j Chpy; gpwe;jhh;? m. mwj;Jg;ghy;
kapyhg;g+h; (kJiu vd;Wk; $Wth;) M. nghUl; g hy;
21) jpUts;Sth; ahuhy; tsh;ff
; g;gl;lhh;? ,. ,d;gj;Jg;ghy;
ts;Std; xUtdhy; tsh;ff ; g;gl;lhh;.
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31) ,e;E}y; jpUf;Fws; vd;W vjdhy; 4. md;d - mit Nghy; td

ngah; ngw;wJ? 5. va;ahik - tUe;jhky;
jpU + Fws;. Nkd;ikahd Fws; 6. mfk; - cs;sk;
7. mikAk; - cz;lhFk;
ntz;ghf;fshy; ,aw;wg;gl;ljhy;
40) jpUf;Fws; E}ypd; gad; ahJ?
,g;ngah; ngw;wJ. jpUf; F ws; fw; g jdhy; kdpj
32) jpUf;Fws; vj;jid mjpfhuq;fis tho;fi ; f nrk;ikAWk;. gz;Gfs;
cilaJ. tsUk;. cynfyhk; xd;nwDk;
133 mjpfhuq;fs; cah;Fzk; Njhd;Wk;> kdpjh;fsp
33) jpUf;Fws; xt;nthU mjpfhuj;jpwF ; k; ilNa NtWghLfs; kiwAk; >
vj;jid ghly;fis nfhz;lJ? vy;yh caphplj;Jk; md;G
jiof; F k; .
10
41) cliy ePH J}a;ik nra;Ak;: -----
34) jpUf;Fws; vj;jid Fwl;ghf;fshy;
--------- cs; s j; J}a; i kia
MdJ? ntspg;gLj;Jk;.
Mapuj;J Ke;E}w;W Kg;gJ tha; i k
35) jpUf;Fws; -------------- E}y;fSs; xd;W 42) tha;ik vd;why; vd;d?
gjpndz; f P o f; ; f zf; F kw; w th; f Sf; F j; jP q ; F juhj
36) jpUf;Fws; Vd; “cyfg; nghJkiw” nrhw; f isg; NgRjy; .
vd;W toq;fg; ngWfpwJ? 43) gphpj;J vOJf:-
1. ahnjdpd; - ahJ + vdpd;
cyfk; Vw; F k; fUj; J fisf;
2. ngha;ahnjhOfpd; - ngha;ahJ
nfhz;Ls;sjhy; ,t;thW toq;fg; + xOfpd;
ngWfpwJ. 44) gpd;tUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhlhpy;
37) jpUf;Fws; vj;jid nkhopfspy; mikf;f
nkhopngah;ff ; g; ngw;Ws;sJ? 1: ,aw;if
E}w;NwO nkhopfspy; (107) Fw;whyj;jpy; cs;s ,aw;iff;
38) jpUf;Fwspd; NtW ngah;fs; vd;d? fhl;rpfs; cs;sj;ijf; fth;fpd;wd.
2: ngz;ik
Kg;ghy;> cj;juNtjk;> nja;tE}y;>
ghujpahh; ngz;ikiag; Nghw;wpg;
jpUts; S th; > ngha; a hnkhop>
ghbAs;shh;
thAiw tho; j ; J > jkpo; k iw> 3: tha;ik
nghJkiw vd;gd. tha;ikNa nty;Yk; vd;w njhlh;
39) nrhw;nghUs;:- jkpof murpd; rpd;dj;jpy; cs;sJ.
1. Giu - Fw;wk; 4. cs;sk;
2. gaf;Fk; - jUk; Foe;ijapd; cs;sk; fs;sk; Gfh
3. RLk; - tUj;Jk; ,lkhFk;.
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nrk;nkhopj; jkpo; mfg;nghUs; Mfpa nrt;tpay;

45) cyfj;jpy; vj;jidf;F Nkw;gl;l ,yf;fpaq;fs; MFk;.
nkhopfs; cs;sd? 53) gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;fpy; xd;whd --
Mwhapuj;jpwF ; k; Nkw;gl;l nkhopfs; ------------------- ,izahd NtW E}y;
cs;sd. cyfpy; ,y;iy.
46) ts;syhh; ve;j nkhopia vspjpy; jpUf; F wSf; F
NgrTk;> vspjpy; ghly; ,aw;wTk; 54) jkpo;nkhop mofhd rpj;jpu Ntiyg;
,aw;ifahf mike;J cs;sJ
ghlike;j nts;spjj ; l;L: jpUf;Fws;
vd;W $Wfpwhh;?
njd;nkhopahfpa jkpo; xd;Nw mjpy; itf; f g; g l; L s; s jq; f
47) mwpQh;fs; vjid cyf nkhopfspy; Mg;gps;: jkpo; vd;id <h;j;jJ:
rpwe;jJ vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;fs;? FwNsh vd;id ,Oj;jJ vd;W
jkpo; nkhopNa $wpath; ahh;?
48) ------------------ nghUe;jpa nkhopfs; lhf;lh; fpnusy;
nrk;nkhopfs; vdg;gLk;. 55) cyfpd; kpfg;goikahd epyg;gFjp
jpUe; j pa nrt; t pay; G fs;
------------------- MFk;.
49) nkhopapay; mwpQh; r.mfj;jpa
Fkhpf; f z; l k;
ypq;fk; vtw;iw vy;yhk;
nrk;nkhopfs; vdg;gl;baypLfpwhh;? 56) Fkhpf;fz;lk; gw;wpa Fwpg;G ahJ
fpNuf;fk;> ,yj;jd P >; rkw;fpUjk;> ,e;epyg;gFjp fly;Nfhshy;
rPdk;> vgpNuak;> muG> <g;U %o;fptpl;lJ. me;j njhd;dpyj;
50) ,d;W Ngr;R tof;fpy; ,y;yhj jpy; jhd; jkpo; Njhd;wpanjdj;
nkhopfs; vit? jz;bayq;fhu Nkw;Nfhs;
fpNuf;fk;> ,yj;jPd;> rkw;fpUjk; nra;As; $WfpwJ.
51) cyfpy; ,d;W toq;Fk; nkhopfs;
57) cyf Kjd; nkhopaha;j; Njhd;wpAk;>
Njhd;Wtjw;F Kd;ghfNt
jkpo;nkhop ------------------ tsq;fisf; ,d;Wk; ,sik khwhky;
nfhz;ljhf tpsq;fpaJ? fd; d pj; j kpoha; _____ ,Ue; J
vz;zw;w ,yf;fz ,yf;fpa tsq; tUfpd;wJ.
fisf; nfhz;ljhf tpsq;fpaJ. jkpo; nkhop
52) jkpior; nrk;nkhop vd epiyehl;L 58) ngw;Nwhiuf; Fwpf;Fk; ---------- vd;Wk;
tjw;F chpa rhd;Wfshf vit nrhy; ehQ;rpy; ehl;by; ,d;Wk; cs;sJ.
jpfo;fpd;wd?
mk;ik> mg;gd;
njhy;fhg;gpak;> gj;Jg;ghl;L> vl;Lj;
59) --------------- ,y;yhj cyfg; ngUnkhop
njhif> gjpndz;fo P f
; ; fzf;F>
ahnjhd;Wk; ,y;iy
rpyg; g jpfhuk; > kzpNkfiy>
jkpo;r; nrhy;
Kj; n jhs; s hapuk; > ,iwadhh;
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60) fhy;Lnty; jkpo; nkhopia vt;thW 68) jkpo; nkhopapy; cs;s ------------gpw
$Wfpwhh;? gpwnkhopfspy; ,y;iy.
“jkpo; gpwnkhopj; Jizapd;wpj; gFg;G Kiw
jdpj;J ,aq;FtJ kl;Lkd;wpj; 69) vy;yh nkhopfSk; vjw;F ,yf;fzk;
jioj;Njhq;fTk; nra;Ak;” vd;W $Wk;?
$wpdhh; . vOj;Jf;Fk;> nrhy;Yf;Fk;
61) nkhopfF ; ----------------- tuk;Gk;> nrhw;fSf;Fj; 70) tho; t paYf; f hd ,yf; f zkhf
vijj; jkpo; nkhop $WfpwJ?
------------ tbTk; ,d;wpaikahjJ.
nghUspyf; f zj; i j
,yf;fz> jpUe;jpa
71) nghUspyf;fzk; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
62) jkpopy; cs; s J Nghy; > NtW
mit ahit?
vk; n khopapYk; fhz ,ayhJ.
,uz;L tifg;gLk;. mit:
Mjyhy; jkpo; -------------- vdg;gl;lJ. 1. mfk; 2. Gwk;
nre; j kpo; 72) -------------- nra;As; tiffs; NtW
63) njhy;fhg;gpa E}w;gh vd;gJ vd;d? vk;nkhopapYk; ,y;iy.
vy;yhr; nrhy;Yk; nghUs; fypg; g h
Fwpj; j dNt 73) Gyth;fs; nra;ASf;Fr; rpwg;Gr;
64) jkpopy; ------------ ngah;fs; kpfTk; Nrh;f;f --------------> ---------> Kjypa
FiwT. E}w;Wf; fzf;fhd mzpfisg;
,LFwpg; gad;gLj;jpdh;.
65) jkpo; kw;Wk; tlnkhopapy; vj;jid ctik> cUtfk;
vz;fs; cs;sd? mit ahit? CUk; NgUk; (Jizg;ghlk;)
jkpopy; ,uz;L tif vz; cz;L.
mit:- 74) jkpo; kf; f s; jk; FbapUg; G g;
xUik>gd; i k gFjpfis ----------- vd;w ngauhy;
66) tl nkhopapy; %tif vz; cs;sd. Fwpj;jdh;.
mit: Ch;
xUik> ,Uik> gd;ik 75) ghgpNyhd; mUNf ------------ vd;Dk;
67) jkpopy; vjw; F g; ghy; N tWghL ngahpy; xU efUk;> ---------- vd;Dk;
cz; L ? vjw; F g; ghy; N tWghL CUk; cs;sjhk; Ch;> Cu;ek;K
,y;iy? 76) kf; f s; ehsiltpy; gy; N tW
caph; f Sf; F g ; ghy; N tWghL Ch;fs; cUthf epytiff;Nfw;g
cz;L. nghUs;fSf;Fg; vt;thW ngahpl;ldh;?
ghy; N tWghL ,y; i y kiya+h;> fhl;^u;> kUJ}u;> flY}h;
vd kf;fs; ngahpl;ldh;.
23

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fhd;g+h;> Nfhyhyk;g+h;> rpq;fg;g+h;> 85) FwpQ;rp epykf;fs; kiyapypUe;J

kzpgg; +h>; [df;g+h>; n[a;gg; +h>; N[hj;g+h; gpw ,lq;fSf;Fr; nrd;W jq;fpa
77) kiyapd; mUNf cs;s Ch;fSf;F NghJk; jq; f s; epyg; n gaiu
vt;thW kf;fs; ngahpl;ldh;? kwthJ vt;thW ngah; itj;Jf;
Midkiy> rpWkiy> jpUtz;zh nfhz;ldh;.
kiy> ehfkiy> ts; s pkiy> Mo;thh;Fwpr;rp> fy;ypilf;Fwpr;rp>
Fwpr;rp> fs;sf;Fwpr;rp> nkhlf;
tpuhypkiy vdg; ngahpl;ldh;.
Fwpr;rp vd;W ngah; itj;jdh;.
78) Xq;fpAah;e;j epyg;gFjpia ----------
86) kuq;fs; ngahpy; cUthd Ch;fs;:-
vdf; $wpdh;?
mj;jp (Mh;) kuq;fs; #o;ej ; Ch; -
kiy
------------- vd mioj;jdh;.
79) kiyapd; cauj;jpy; Fiwe;jjidf; Mh; f ; f hL
_____ vdf; $wpdh;. 87) My kuq;fs; epiwe;j Ch; --------
Fd; W ----- vd mioj;jdh;.
80) Fd;wpYk; cauj;jpy; Fiwe;jjidf; Myq; f hL
--------- vdTk;> ---------------- vdTk; 88) fshr; nrbfs; epiwe;j gFjpia
ngahpl;L mioj;jdh;? vt;thW mioj;jdh;?
fuL> ghiw fshf; f hL
81) Fd;iw mLj;Js;s Ch;fs; vt;thW 89) khkuq;fs; nropj;jpUe;j ,lj;ij
miof;fg;gl;ld? ------------------- vd mioj;jdh;.
Fd;W}h;> Fd;wj;J}h;> Fd;wf;Fb khq; f hL
vd miof;fg;gl;ld. 90) gidkuq;fs; epiwe;jpUe;j Ch; ---
82) ghiwfs; vd; W $Wk; Ch; g ; ---------------- vdg; ngah;ngw;wJ.
gidaGuk;
ngah;fs; ahit?
91) gl;b> ghb vd;w ,g;ngah; Ch;fSf;F
Fl;lg;ghiw> rpgg ; pgg
; hiw> g+kg ; hiw>
vt;thW te;jd?
kl;lg;ghiw> kzg;ghiw> thy;ghiw
fhl;bd; eLtpy; tho;ej ; kf;fs;
Mfpait.
mq; F j; jphpAk; tpyq; F fshy;
83) tlnrhy;ypy;> kiyia ------------ jkf;Fk;> jk; fhy;eilfSf;Fk;
vd;W $Wth;? CW Neuhtz;zk; Ntyp fl;bg;
fphp ghJfhj;jdh;. mt;t+h;fs; gl;b>
84) kiyianahl; b vOe; j Ch; g ; ghb vd;wiof;fg; ngw;wd.
ngah;fs; ahit? ML khLfs; milf;fg;gLk;
fpU\;zfphp> Nfhj;jfphp> rptfphp> ,lk; gl;b vdg;gLk;.
ePyfphp vd;gd MFk;.
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92) jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s rpy gl;bfs; 100) goq; f hyj; j py; flw; f iuapy;
Ch;fisf; $Wf? cUthd Ng&u;fs; --------------- vd
Ml; i lahk; g l; b > fhspg; g l; b > miof;fg;gl;ld.
Nfhtpy;gl;b> rpW$ly;gl;b> rpd;d gl; b dk;
nfhy;yg;gl;b> nghpa nfhy;yg;gl;b
101) rpw;W}h;fs; --------------- vdTk; ngah;
Kjypa E}w;Wf; fzf;fhd
ngw;wpUe;jd.
gl;bfs; jkpo;ehl;by; cs;sd.
93) epytsKk;> ePht ; sKk; gaph;tsKk; ghf; f k;
nrwpe;j kUjepyf; FbapUg;Gk; ---- 102) gujth; tho;e;j Ch;fs; vt;thW
----------- vd toq;fg;gl;lJ. ngah; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd.
Ch; fPof;fiu> Nfhbaf;fiu> ePyhq;fiu
94) MWfs; ghAk; ,lq;fspy; ----------- 103) kPdth; thOkplq;fspd; ngah;fs;
vd toq;Fk; Ch;fs; jtwhky; -------------- vd;Dk; ngaiur; Nrh;jJ; g;
,lk; ngw;wpUf;Fk;. gy;fpg; ngUfp tUfpd;wd.
Mw; W }u; Fg; g k;
95) Mw; W }u; fhyg; N ghf; f py; Ngr; R
104) ngUNte;jUk; FWepy kd;dUk;
tof;fpy; ---------------- vd kUtp
vij mikj;J kf;fisf; fhj;jdh;?
toq;FfpwJ.
muz; f s;
Mj; J }h;
96) flk;gkuk; #o;ej ; gFjpia vt;thW 105) muz;fSs; ----------------- xd;W MFk;.
mioj;jdh;. Nfhl; i lAk;
flk; g +h; > flk; g j; J }u; 106) Nfhl;il #otpUe;j Ch;fs; vt;thW
97) njd;id #o;ej ; gFjpia vt;thW toq;fyhapd?
$wpdh;? fe;ju;tf;Nfhl;il> Nfhl;il> Njtf;
njq; $ h; Nfhl;il> ehl;lurd; Nfhl;il>
98) Gspakuq;fs; mlh;e;j gFjpia epyf;Nfhl;il> gl;Lf; Nfhl;il>
vt;thW ngahpl;L mioj;jdh;? GJf;Nfhl;il vd toq;fyhapd.
Gspaq;Fb> GspaQ;Nrhiy>
107) ehw;wpirg; ngah;fSk; Cu;fSld;
Gspak;gl;b vd mioj;jdh;.
Fwpg;gpLf?
99) Fsk;> Vhp> CUzp Kjypa ePH
epiy fis cUthf;fp mtw;NwhL fpof;Nf vOe;j Ch;g;gFjpiaf;
Ch;g; ngah;fis vt;thW fPOu; vdTk;> Nkw;Nf mike;j
,izj;jdh;? Cu; g ; g Fjpia NkY}u; vdTk; >
rPtyg;Nghp> Gspaq;Fsk;> Nguht+uzp> njw;Nf cs;sJ njd;goQ;rpah
khq; F sk; > Ntg; N ghp vd; g d fTk;> tlf;Nf cs;sJ tlgoQ;rp
,t;thW Njhd;wpa Ch;g; ahfTk; ngah; ngw;wd.
ngau; f s; .
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108) ehaf;f kd;du;fs; jkpofj;ij 8. Xsfhuf; F Wf; f k; > 9. kfuf;

vj;jid ghisaq;fshfg; gphpjj ; dh;? FWf; f k; > 10. Ma; j f; F Wf; f k;
72 ghisaq;fshfg; gphpj;jdh;. Mfpait MFk;.
109) ehaf;f kd;du;fs; Cu;g; ngau; 115) Ma;jk; ------------- vOj;J tifiar;
fSld; ghisaj;ijr; Nrh;j;J rhh;e;jJ.
vt;thW toq;fpdhh;fs;? rhh; n gOj; J
Mug; g hisak; > ,uhrghisak; > 116) KjnyOj;Jfspd; vz;zpfi ; f --------
fzf;fk;ghisak;> Fkhughisak;> 30
Nfhgpr;nrl;bg;ghisak;> 117) ty;ypd nka;naOj;Jfs; vit?
Nfhhpg;ghisak;> Nkl;Lg;ghisak; f;> r;> j;> g;
vdg; gythFk;. 118) m>,>c vd;gd vd;d vOj;Jfs;?
110) fy;ntl;Lfspy; fhzg;gLk; ---------
Rl; n lOj; J fs;
kUijahfp ,d;W ----------- ahf
119) vjid ty;nyhw;W kpFjy; vd;gh;?
khwpAs;sJ.
vOj;Jfspd; Kd; ty;ypd
kjpiu
vOj; J fis Kjyhf cila
111) ------------ vd;Dk; ngah; NfhaKj;J}h;
Mfp> ,d;W Nfhitahf kUtpAs;sJ. nrhy; te;J Nrh;ej ; hy; ,ilapy;
Nfhtd; G j; J }h; mt; n tOj; j pd; nka; n aOj; J j;
Njhd; W k; . ,jid ty; n yhw; W
,yf; f zk; kpFjy; vd;gh;.
rhh;ngOj;Jfspd; tiffs; 120) ------------- vd;Dk; Rl;nlOj;jhdJ
112) vtw;iw KjnyOj;Jfs; vd;fpNwhk;? jw;nghOJ tof;fj;jpy; ,y;iy.
caph; vOj;Jfs; gd;dpuz;Lk;> c
nka; n aOj; J fs; gjpndl; L k; 121) “v” vd;Dk; tpdh vOj;Jf;FKd;
jdpj;J ,aq;fp Kjd;ik ngw;W
ty;ypd vOj;ij Kjyhf cila
tpsq;Ftjhy; mtw;iw
KjnyOj;Jfs; vd;fpNwhk;. nrhw;fs; te;jhYk; -------- kpFk;.
113) KjnyOj;Jfisr; rhh;e;JtUk; ty;ypdk;
vOj;Jfisr; ---------------- vd;fpNwhk;. (v.fh) v + Flk; = vf;Flk;> v +
rhh; n gOj; J fs; rl;il = vr;rl;il
114) rhh;ngOj;Jfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
mit ahit?
10 tifg;gLk;. mit:
1. caphn; ka;> 2. Ma;jk;> 3. capusngil>
4. xw;wsngil> 5. Fw;wpaypfuk;>
6. Fw;wpaYfuk;> 7. Ifhuf;FWf;fk;>
26

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jkpo; vz;fis mwpNthk;
vspjhf Qhgfk; itj;Jf; nfhs;s rpwpa Nahrid

fliy cUz;il vq;qdk; Ritj;J Urpj;J rhg;gpl;lhd;
vd;W mtd; $wpdhd;.
122) gpdt
; Uk; nrhw;fis KjnyOj;ijf; 125) NkhrpfPudhu; tho;e;j Ch; vJ?
nfhz;L mfuthpirapy; mikf;f. njd;ghz;b ehl;bYs;s Nkhrp
Vzp> <ry;> vyp> xd;W> xsit> 126) --------------- vd;gJ Fbg;ngauhff;
Cl;b> mz;zd;> ,y;yk;> ML> Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.
fP u d;
Xlk;> Ie;J> cil.
127) muRf; F hpa KuRf; fl; b ypy;
tpil:
cwq;fpa NghJ ve;j kd;duhy;
mz;zd;> ML> ,y;yk;> <ry;>
fthptPrg; ngw;w ngUikf;Fhpath;?
cil> Cl;b> vyp> Vzp> Ie;J> Nrukhd; ngUQ;Nruy; ,Uk;nghiw
xd;W> Xlk;> xsit. 128) nrhw; nghUs;:-
123) ,e;jpa tpLjiyf;Fj; njd;dfj; 1. mwpif - mwpjy; Ntz;Lk;
jpypUe;J me;epaiu vjpu;jj
; rpwe;j 2. jhid - gil
tPud; ahh;? 3. flNd - flik
Gypj; N jtd; 4. kyh;jiy cyfk; - gue;j
,ay; ,uz;L ,lkfd;w cyfk;
nra;As; - GwehD}W 129) GwehD}W ----------- E}y;fSs; xd;W.
vl;Lj; njhif
124) ney;Yk; capud;Nw: ePUk; capud;Nw:
130) GwehD}W ------------- ghly;fspd;
vd njhlq;Fk; GwehD}W ghliyg;
njhFg;G.
ghbath; ahh;? Gwk;gw;wpa ehD}W
NkhrpfP u dhh;
27

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131) NkhrpfPudhh; ghba ghly;fs; NtW 136) rpwe; j njdf; $wg; g Lk; gj; J g;
ve;j E}y;fspy; cs;sJ? nghUisj; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;bUg;gJ
mfehD}W> FWe;njhif> ew;wpiz ------------------- MFk;.
Mfpatw;Ws; cs;sd. rpwe;j gj;J
132) gz;ila jkpof kd;dh;fspd; mw
137) “KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp” vd;w E}iy
czh;T> tPuk;> nfhil> Ml;rpr;
,aw;wpath; ahh;?
rpwg;G> fy;tpg; ngUik Kjypa
tw;iw vtw;wpd; %yk; mwpayhk; kJiuf; $lY}h; f pohh;
GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fs; %yk; 138) nrhw;nghUs;:-
133) G w e h D } W g h l y ; f s ; % y k ; 1. Mu;fyp - epiwe;j XirAila
Gyth;fspd; -------------> kf;fSila fly;
-------> -------> Kjypatw; i wAk; 2. fhjy; - md;G> tpUg;gk;
mwpayhk;. 3. Nkij - mwpT El;gk;
ngUkpjk;> kf;fSila ehfupfk;> 4. tz;ik - <if> nfhil
gz; g hL 5. gpzp - Neha;
134) muridf; Fwpf;Fk; NtW ngah;fs; 6. nka; - clk;G
ahit?
7. ehzk; - nra;af; $lhjjidr;
Nfh> kd;dd;> Nte;jd;.
nra;a mr;rg;gLjy;
135) gpd;tUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhlhpy;
8. rpwe;jd;W - rpwe;jJ
mikf;fTk;:-
9. topgLjy; - Nghw;wp tzq;Fjy;
1. ney;
jQ;ir> jkpofj;jpd; ney; fsQ;rp 10. jw;nra;if - jd;idr; nry;tk;
akha;j; jpfo;fpwJ. Kjypatw; w py; Nkk; g Lj; j pf;
2. caph;. nfhs;sy;.
Nfhg; n gUQ; N rhod; tlf; f pUe; J 139) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G :-
caph; ePj;jhh;. ngah; : kJiuf; $lY}h; fpohh;
3. ePu; gpwe;j Cu; : $lY}u;
fly; ePh; Nkfkhfp kioaha;g; rpwg; G : ,th; j k; ghly; f is
nga;fpwJ. er;rpdhh;ff ; pdpau; Kjypa ey;Yiu
4. Nte;jd;. ahrpupah; f s; Nkw; N fhs; f shff;
Nte;jd; eLepiy jtwhJ Ml;rp ifahz;Ls;shh;fs;.
nra;a Ntz;Lk;. fhyk; : rq;f fhyj;jpwF ; g;gpd; tho;ej
; th;.
KJnkhopf; f hQ; r p 140) KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp vd;gJ -----------
JiwfSs; xd;W.
fhQ; r pj; j pizapd;
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141) KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp ----------- vdTk; 149) c.Nt. rhkpehjh; mth;fspd; Mrphpah;

toq;fg;gLfpwJ. ngah; vd;d?
mwTiuf; Nfhit kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;judhh;
142) KJnkhopf; f hQ; r papy; vj; j id 150) kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; vg;NghJ gpwe;jhh;?
mjpfhuq;fs; cs;sd? 1815 Mk; Mz;L vg;uy; jpq;fs;
10 Mwhk; ehsd;W gpwe;jhh;.
151) kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; gpwe;j Ch; vJ?
143) KJnkhopf;fhQ;rp -------- ghly;fshy;
jpUr; r p khtl; l j; i jr; Nrh; e ; j
MdJ.
vz;nza;f; fpuhkj;jpy; gpwe;jhh;.
E}W
152) kPdhl;rpRe;judhhpd; ngw;Nwhu; ngah;
144) ,sikiaf; fhl;bYk; --------------
vd;d?
rpwe;jJ. rpjk;guk; -- md;dj;jhr;rpahh;
Nehaw;w tho;Nt 153) kP d hl; r p Re; j udhh; ,sikapy;
145) fw;wiytplTk; rpwe;jJ _______ ahhplk; jkpo; fw;whh;?
xOf; f Kilik jkJ je;ijahhplk;
146) gpd;tUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhlhpy; 154) kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; rpWtajpNyNa
mikf;f ------------- ,aw;Wk; Mw;wy; iftug;
1. kf;fs;: ngw;whh;.
kf;fs; midtUk; fy;tp ngw;wtuha; nra; A s;
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. 155) kP d hl; r p Re; j udhh; jpUkzk;
2. xOf;fk;: nra;Jnfhz;L FLk;gj;Jld; ve;j
xOf;fk; caphpDk; NkyhdJ. Chpy; tho;e;J te;jhh;?
3. topgLjy;: jphprpuGuj;jpy; (jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp)
,iwtid kdk;> nkhop> nka;> 156) kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; jphprpuGuj;jpy; tho;ej
;
Mfpatw;why; topgLjy; Ntz;Lk;. jhy; mth; vt;thW miof;fg;gl;lhh;?
kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rpRe;judhh; jphprpuGuk; kP d hl; r pRe; j udhh;
(ciueil) 157) kPdhl;rp Re;judhh; jkpopy; ve;j
147) ahh; fhg;ghu; vd;W jkpod;id E}y;fspy; Mu;tk; nfhz;bUe;jhh;?
Vq;fpa NghJ ehd; fhg;Ngd; vd;W irt rka E}y;fs;
vOe;jth; ahh;? 158) kPdhl;rp Re;judhhpd; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
c.Nt.rhkpehjh; khzth;fs; ahh;?
148) gpd;dhspy; c.Nt.rhkpehjh; midt Fyhk;fhjh; ehtyh;> rtupuhaY>
uhYk; vt;thW miof;fg;gl;lhh;? jpahfuhru;> rhkpehjh; MfpNahh;
jkpo;j; jhj;jh Mth; .
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159) kP d hl; r pRe; j udhh; ve; j Chpy; 168) “njhg;Gs; nfhb cwTfs;” vdj;
tho;ej; NghJ c.Nt. rhkpehjUf;F njhlq;Fk; ghly; ve;j E}ypUe;J
Mrphpauhf ,Ue;jhu;? vLj;jhsg;gl;lJ.
jpUthtLJiwapy; nrhy;yj; Jbf;FJ kdR
160) kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rpRe;judhu;
Nfht+h; fpohu; (Jizg;ghlk;)
vj;jidf;F Nkw;gl;l E}y;fis
,aw;wpAs;shu;? 169) Nfht+h;fpohu; vq;F gpwe;jhu;?
ciwa+Uf;F mUfpYs;s Nfht+hpy;
vz;gJf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l E}y;fs;
gpwe;jhh;
161) kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rpRe;judhu;
170) ew;wpiz> FWe;njhif> GwehD}W>
gy;NtW Nfhtpy;fSf;F eilg;
jpUts;St khiy Mfpatw;wpy;
gazk; Nkw;nfhz;L mf;Nfhtpy;
Nfht+h;fpohupd; ------------- ghly;fs;
fisg; gw;wp ----gy ,aw;wpAs;shh;. ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.
jyGuhzq; f s; gjpndl; L g; ghly; f s;
162) Fk;gNfhzj;jpYs;s Rz;zhk;Gf; 171) Nfht+hf ; pohiu mitf;fsj; jiytu;
fuhd; njUit vt;thW toq;Fth;? Mf;fpf; nfhz;l kd;dd; ahh;?
ePw;Wf;fhuj; njU eyq; f ps; s p
163) ePw;Wf;fhuj; njUit ,g;gbAk; 172) eyq;fps;spf;Fk;> neLq;fps;spf;Fk;
miof;fyhk; vd;W kPdhl;rp Re;judhu; ,Ue;j gifia ePf;fpath; ahu;?
$wpdhh;? Nfht+h; f pohu;
%d;whtJ njU 173) gdk;g+ khiyazpe;j kd;dd; ahh;?
164) %d;whtJ vd;gJ vijf; Fwpf;Fk; Nrud;
xU nrhy;? 174) Ntg;gk;g+ khiyazpej ; kd;dd; ahh;?
Rz; z hk; G ghz; b ad;
165) Neha;fF ; vJ kUe;J vd;W kPdhl;rp 175) Mj;jpg+ khiy ahUf;F cilaJ?
Re;judhh; $Wfpwhh;? NrhoUf; F hpaJ
,yf; f pak; 176) filNaO ts;sy;fSs; xUth;
166) kPdhl;rpRe;judhu; kiwe;j Mz;L ahh;?
vJ? kiyakhd; jpUKbf; f hhp
01.02.1876 177) ve; j g; Gytiuf; Nfht+u; f pohu;
167) “ehis vd; jha;nkhop rhFkhdhy;” neLq;fps;sp rpiwapy; ,Ue; J
,d;Nw ehd; ,we;J tpLNtd; vd;W tpLtpj;jhh;?
$wpa ftpQd; ahh;? ,se; j j; j dhh;
U\;af; ftpQd; u#y; fk;rNjt;
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178) tpiue;J njhopy; Nfl;Fk; vdj; 186) capu;nka; vOj;Jfs; -------------

njhlq;Fk; jpUf;Fws; vj;jidahtJ tifapy; mlq;Fk;.
Fwsps; mike;Js;sJ? rhh; n gOj; J
648 187) md;G> mlf;fk; v/F - ,r;nrhw;
fspYs; s rhh; n gOj; J fspd;
capu;nka;> Ma;jk;
mbapy; NfhbLf:-
179) f>fh>fp Mfpait ve;j vOj;Jfs;? md; G
caph;nka; vOj;Jfs; 188) Nghh; nra;ag; Gwg;gLtjw;F Kd;ghf
180) ve; n je; j vOj; J fs; Nrh; e ; j hy; murd; > jd; muz; k idapy;
caph;nka; vOj;Jj; Njhd;Wk;? tPuu;fSf;F mspf;Fk; ngUtpUe;jpd;
capnuOj; J k; > nka; n aOj; J k;
ngah; vd;d?
181) caph; n ka; vOj; J capiuAk;
ngUQ;NrhW mspj;jy;
nka;iaAk; rhh;e;jpUg;gjhy; --------
------- vd;fpNwhk;. ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fs;
rhh; n gOj; J 189) ----------- Kd; f;>r;>j;>g; nka;naOj;J
182) / vd;why; vd;d? fspd; tUf;f vOj;Jr; nrhw;fs;
m/Nfdk; (tpidr; nrhw;fs;) tUkhapd; chpa
m/Nfdj;jpy; / vDk; ,t;ntOj;J ty;nyOj;Jfs; Njhd;Wk;.
%d;W Gs;spfisg; ngw;Ws;sjhy; Mfu <w;W tpidnar;rq;fSf;F
,jid vt;thW Fwpg;gpLthh;fs;. (v.L)
Kg;Gs;sp> Kg;ghw; Gs;sp Xl + fhj;jpUf;fpwhd; = Xlf;
183) / vDk; vOj; J capNuhLk; fhj;jpUf;fpwhd;
nka; N ahLk; Nruhky; jdpj; N j ghl + Nfl;Nld; = ghlf; Nfl;Nld;
,Ug;gjhy; ,jid vt;thW $Wth;? 190) <w;W tpidnar;rr; nrhw;fspd; gpd;
jdp epiy ty; y pd capu; n ka; vOj; J r;
184) jw; f hg; G MAjj; j py; (Nflak; ) nrhw;fs; ( tpidr;nrhw;fs;) te;jhy;
fhzg;gLk; %d;W Fkpo;g; Gs;spfs; --------- kpFk;.
Nghd; W ,Ug; g jhy; / vDk; ty; n yhw; W
vOj;ij ----------- vdTk; $Wth;. (v.fh)
Ma; j k; ehb + nrd;whd; = ehbr; nrd;whd;
185) -------------- fiuj;jhy; fy;Yk; fiuAk;. Ngrp + gofpdhd; = Ngrpg; gofpdhd;
fiug; g hu;
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,ay; %d;W fy;tpf;F vy;iy ,y;iy

nra;As; - jdpg;ghly; 198) fw;wJifk; kz;zsT fy;yhJ
,ul;Lw nkhopjy; cyfsntd;(W) $wpath; ahh;?
191) ,ul;Lwnkhopjy; vd;w ghliyg; xsitahh;
ghbath; ahh;? 199) nrhw;nghUs;:-
fhsNkfg; Gyth; 1. ifk;kz;zsT - xU rhz;
192) nrhw;nghUs;:- vdTk; nghUs; nfhs;Sth;
1. Rop --- cly; kPJ cs;s Rop> 2. nkj;j - kpFjpahf
ePur
; R
; op 3. ge;jak; - Nghl;b
2. Jd;dyh; -- gifth;> mofpa kyh; 4. GytPu; - Gytu;fNs
3. guptha; -- md;gha; 5. fiykle;ij - fiykfs;
4. rhLk; -- jhf;Fk;> ,Of;Fk; 200) fk;gh;> xl;lf;$j;jh;> GfNoe;jpg;Gyth;
5. MLghp - MLfpdw ; Fjpiu Kjypa Gyth; f s; ahUila
193) fhs Nkfg;Gyth; vq;Fg; gpwe;jhh;? fhyj;jpy; tho;e;jhu;fs;?
Fk;gNfhzj;jpw;F mUfpy; Xsitahu;
ee;jpf;fpuhkk; vdTk;> tpOg;Guk; 201) Gyth; gyh;> gy;NtW #o;epiyf;F
khtl; l j; j pYs; s vz; z hapuk; Vw;g mt;tg; NghJ ghba ghly;fspd;
vdTk; $Wth; njhFg;Ng ----------- vdg;gLk;.
194) fhsNkfg; G ythpd; ,aw; n gah; jdpg; g hly; jpul; L
vd;d? ciueil
tujd; fzpjNkij ,uhkhD[k;
195) ve;jf; Nfhtpy; kilg;gs;spapy;
fhsNkfg; Gyth; gzpGhpe;jhh;? 202) fzpjNkij vdg; Nghw;wg;gLk;
jpUtuq;ff; Nfhtpy; ,uhkhD[k; vq;F tho;eJ
; te;jhu;?
<Nuhl; b y;
196) itzt rkaj;jpy; ,Ue;J ve;j
203) ,uhkhD[j;jpd; ngw;Nwhu; ahh;?
rkaj; j pw; F f; fhsNkfg; G yth;
rPdthrd; --- Nfhksk;
khwpdhu;?
204) fzpjNkij ,uhkhD[k; gpwe;j
irt rkaj;jpw;F
Mz;L vJ?
197) fhsNkfg;Gyth; vijg; Nghd;W
22.12.1887
ftpij nghopAk; Mw;wy; ngw;wpUe;jhh;? 205) ,uhkhD[k; vj;jid Mz;Ltiu
fhh;Nkfk; Nghy; NgRk; jpwd; mw;wtuhf ,Ue;jhh;?
3 Mz;Lfs;
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206) fhQ;rpGuj;jpy; cs;s ve;jg; gs;spapy; 216) , u h k h D [ k ; j d J j e ; i j

,uhkhD[k; gbj;jhh;? rPdthrdpd; Kaw;rpahy; nrd;idj;
jpz;izg; gs;spapy; JiwKfj;jpy; vg;gzpapy; Nrh;ej ; hh;?
207) ,uhkhD[k; jkJ rpWtaJ vOj; j h;
KjNy ------------- ghlj;jpy; kpFe;j 217) ,uhkhD[k; jhd; fz; L gpbj; j
Mu;tk; nfhz;bUe;jhh;. Njw;wq;fisAk; vLNfhs;fisAk;
fzpjg; g hlj; j py; Nfs; t pfshfj; njhFj; J ve; j
208) vjw;F kjpgG; cz;L vd ,uhkhD[k; gj;jpupiff;F mDg;gpdhh;?
jdJ Mrpupahplk; $wpdhh;? ,e;jpaf; fzpjf; fofg; gj;jpupif
Ropaj;jpw;F (0) 218) jdJ fz;Lgpbg;Gfis ,e;jpaf;
209) Ma;yuhf ,y;yhtpll ; hYk; ,uhkhD[d; fzpjf; fofg; gj; j pupiff; F
Fiwe;jgl;rk; xU INfhgp vd;W ,uhkhD[k; ahh; %yk; mDg;gpdhu;?
$wpath; ahh;? / gpuhd;rp]; ];gphpq;
ypl;by; Tl;L 219) ------------- vDk; jiyg;gpy; ntspahd
210) Ma;th; ve;j ehl;ilr; Nrh;e;jth;? ,uhkhD[j;jpd; fl;Liu fzpj
Rtpl; r h; y he; i jr; ty;Yeh;fspilNa kpFe;j
211) Ma;th; -------------- Mk; E}w;whz;bd; tuNtw;igg; ngw;wJ.
,izaw;w fzpjNkij Mthh;? ngu; n dsyp]; vz; f s;
18 220) ,uhkhD[k; ve; j g; gy; f iyf;
212) IhNfhgp ve;j ehl;by; tho;e;jhu;? fofj;jpy; Muha;r;rp khztuhfr;
n[h; k dpapy; Nrh;e;jhh;?
213) IhNfhgp ve;j E}w;whz;bd; fzpjNkij nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;
19 Mk; 221) ,uhkhD[k; jdJ fz;Lgpbg;Gfs;
214) fzpjj; jpwikahy; tpQ; Q hd Muha;rr ; pfs; Mfpatw;iw tptukhf
cyfpidg; gpukpf; f r; nra; J vOjp ,q; f pyhe; j pYs; s ve; j g;
tuyhw; w py; Fwpg; g plj; j f; f Xh; gy;fiyf;fofg; Nguhrphpau; ---------
,lj;ijg; ngw;w gpwtpf; fzpj vd;gtUf;F fbjkhf mDg;gpdhu;.
Nkij vd;W $wpath; ahh;? Nfk; g pupl; [ ; gy; f iyf; f ofg;
,e;jpuh fhe;jp Nguhrphpah; `hh; b
215) 1880 Mk; Mz;L ,yz;ldpypUe;j 222) ,yz;ld; Nfk;gpupl;]; gy;fiyf;
------- vd;gth; gjpide;jhk; fofj;Jld; ,ize;Js;s fy;Y}hpd;
tajpNyNa ahh; fzpjj;jpy; rpwe;J ngah; vd;d?
tpsq;fpdhh;? jpupdpl; b fy; Y }hp
fhu;
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223) jpupdpl;b fy;Y}hpapd; Nguhrphpah; 232) jpupdpl; b fy; Y }upapd; fy; t pf;
ahh; nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofj; FOtpd; rpwg;G cWg;gpduhfTk;
jpw;Fr; nrhw;nghopthw;w te;jhh;? ,uhkhD[j; i jj; Njh; e ; n jLj; J
<.vr;. netpy; Mz;LNjhWk; vj;jid gTz;Lj;
224) , u h k h D [ k ; v e ; j M z ; L njhifia MW Mz;LfSf;F
,q;fpyhe;Jf;Fg; Gwg;gl;lh;? toq;fTk; Vw;ghL nra;jJ?
1914 Mk; Mz;L khu;r; 17 Mk; ehs; 233) ahUila ghpe; J iuapd; Nghpy;
225) jphpdpl;b fy;Y}upapy; Muha;r;rp nrd;idg; gy;fiyf; fofKk; 250
khztuhf ve;j Mz;L ,uhkhD[k; gTz;Lj; njhifia Ie;J
Nrh;e;jhh;? Mz;Lf;Fk; nfhLf;f Kd;te;jJ.
18.04.1914 `hu; b apd;
234) ,uhkhD[k; ---------------- gTz;ilj;
226) fpq; ] ; fy; Y }hpapd; fzpj g ;
jk; ngw;NwhUf;Fk; ----------- gTz;il
Nguhrphpah; ahh;?
Vio vspa khzth; f Sf; F k;
Mu;jh; ngu;rp
toq;fp tUkhW fbjk; vOjpdhh;.
227) ,uhkhD[j;jpd; topKiwfis
50 gTz;ilj; jk; ngw;NwhUf;Fk;
E}yhf ntspapl; L mtUf; F g; 200 gTz;il Vio vspa
ngUik Nrh;e;jth; ahh;? khzth; f Sf; F k;
`hu; b 235) ,uhkhD[j; i jg; ghh; f ; f te; j
228) `hu;b -------------- vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; `hu;b ----------- vd;w vz; nfhz;l
,uhkhD[j;jpd; topKiwfis thlif kfpOe;jpy; te;Njd; vdf;
E}yhf ntspapl;lhh;? $wpdhh;?
Nuhru;]; ,uhkhD[d; fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; 1729
229) ,q;fpyhe;Jg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; 236) ,e;jpahtpw;F ,uhkhD[k; vg;NghJ
cWg;gpduhf ,uhkhD[k; ve;j jpUk;gp te;jhh;?
Mz;L Nrh;f;fg;gl;lhu;? 1919 khu;r; 27
1918 237) ,uhkhD[k; kiwe;j Mz;L vJ?
230) ,q; f pyhe; J g; gy; f iyf; f ofk; 1920 Vg;uy; 26
,uhkhD[j;jpw;F ------------- gl;lk; 238) ,uhkhD[k; rhjhuz kdpjuy;yh;
toq;fpaJ. mth; ,iwtd; je;j ghpR vd;W
v/g; . Mu; . v]; $wpath; ahh;?
231) v / g ; . M u ; . v ] ; g l ; l k ; n g w ; w Nguh <.b ngy;
,uhkhD[j;ij; ve;jf; fy;Y}up 239) ,uhkhD[d; Kjy;jukhd fzpj
ghuhl;br; rpwg;gpj;jJ? Nkij vd;W $wpath; ahh;?
jpupdpl; b fy; Y }hp Nguhrphpah; #ypad; ff; R yp
34

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240) 1962 jprk;gh; 22 Mk; ehsd;W 247) ,uhkhD[j;jpd; Fwpg;NgLfspy; --

,uhkhD[j;jpd; -------------- MtJ ----------- Kjy; ------------------ Njw;wq;fs;
gpwe;j ehs; MFk;. ,Ue;jd.
75 3000 Kjy; 4000
241) ,uhkhD[j;jpd; 75 MtJ gpwe;j 248) 1957 Mk; Mz;L -------------- mbg;gil
ehis Kd;dpl;L eLtzuR Muha;rr ; p epiyak; ,uhkhD[j;jpd;
gjpide;J fhR mQ;ry;jiy ------ Njw;wq;fis xspg;glk; vLj;J
---------- ,yl;rk; ntspapl;lJ. E}yhf ntspapl;Ls;sJ.
,Ugj; i je; J lhlh
242) Nguhrphpah; ,uhkhD[k; midj;Jyf
epidTf;FO ve;j Mz;L
ed; w pg; g hpR (Jizg; g hlk; )
nrd;idapy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ. 249) grp ----------- mwpahJ.
1971 Urp
243) nrd;idapy; 1972 Mk; Mz;L 250) kUJ ghz;bf;Fr; rhg;gpl fpotp
mf;Nlhgh; 3 Mk; ehs; md;iwa vd;d nfhLj;jhs;?
Kjyikr;ruhy; ---------------- epWtdk; gioa NrhW
jpwe;J itf;fg;gl;lJ. 251) gioa Nrhw;Wf;fhff; fpotpf;F
,uhkhD[k; fzpj mwptpay; kUJghz;b vd;d ghpR toq;fpdhu;?
244) nrd; i dj; JiwKfk; rhh; g py; mts; trpj;j Cu;
Gjpjhf thq;fpa FbePuf ; f
; g;gYf;F> 252) fpotpf;Fg; ghprhff; fpilj;j me;j
-------------- vdg; ngau; #l;lg;gl;lJ. Chpd; ngah; vd;d?
rP d pthr ,uhkhD[k; goQ; N rhw; W f; FUehjNde; j y;
245) upr;ru;l;Lk; M];NfAk; ,ize;J - 253) goQ; N rhw; W f; FUehjNde; j y;
---------- Mz;by; ,uhkhD[j;jpd; vd;Dk; Cu; ve;j khtl;lj;jpy;
khu; g sT ntz; f yr; rpiyia cs;sJ?
,e; j pahtpw; F f; nfhz; L te; J rptfq; i f
toq;fpdu;?
1984 Mk;
ehy;tifr; nrhw;fs;
246) fzpjf; Fwpg; G fs; mlq; f pa
,yf; f zk;
vj;jid FwpgN; gLfisAk; Muha;rr; pf; 254) ngaiuf; Fwpj;J te;jhy; ----------
fl; L iufisAk; ,uhkhD[k; vd;W ngah;.
tpl;Lr; nrd;Ws;shu;. ngau; r ; nrhw; f s;
3
35

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255) xUnghUspd; nraiy (,af;fj;ijf;) 261) ghlhj> Nfshj> Mlhj> nra;ahj>

Fwpg;gjhy; ,r;nrhy; ---------------- nrhy; y hj vd; g d vjpu; k iwg;
MFk;. nghUspy; tUtjhy; --------------
tpidr; n rhy; MFk;.
256) jk;gp + ck; ,jpYs;s ‘ck;’ vd;gJ vjph; k iwg; nganur; r q; f s;
,izg;Gr; nrhy;yhf tUfpwJ. 262) nrhw; f spYs; s <w; n wOj; j hdJ
,jid --------- vd;gh;. nfl; L g; ghlh> Nfsh> Mlh>
,ilr; n rhy; nra;ah> nrhy;yh vd;W tUtjid
257) ,ilr;nrhy; vjidr; rhh;eJ ; tUk;? -------- nganur;rk; vd;gh;.
ngau;r; nrhw;fs;> tpidr; nrhw;fs; <Wnfl;l vjpu;kiwg; nganur;rk;.
258) gytifg;gl;l gz;Gfisf; nfhz;L <Wnfl;l vjph;kiwg; nganur;rj;
ngau;r; nrhw;fs;> tpidr; nrhw;fis jpy; kpFk; ty;ypdk;
tpl;L ePqf
; hJ nra;ASf;Nf chpik
(v.fh)
ngw;W tUtd -------- MFk;.
ghlh + Fapy; = ghlhf;Fapy;
chpr; n rhw; f s;
Nfsh + nrtp = Nfshr;nrtp
259) nghUj;Jf:-
263) ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fs;:-
1. ngau;r;nrhy; --- m. te;jhd;
tpidr; nrhw;fs; ngaiuf; nfhz;L
2. tpidr;nrhy; -- M. Ie;Jk; MWk;
Kw;Wg; ngWk;. ,r;nrhw;fisg; ---
3. ,ilr;nrhy; -- ,. jtr;rpwpJ
----------- vd;gu;.
4. chpr;nrhy; -- <. Ntyd;
nganur; r k;
tpil:-
1-<> 2-m> 3-M> 4-, (v.fh)
260) ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fs;: te;j + Foe;ij = te;j Foe;ij
vl; L > gj; J Mfpa vz; Z g; cile;j + gyif = cile;j gyif
ngau;fspy; gpd; kl;Lk; ty;ypd nra;j + jr;rd; = nra;j jr;rd;
tUf;fr; nrhw;fs; te;jhy; --------- ghba + ftpij = ghba ftpij
kpFk;. fhj;j + rpWkp = fhj;j rpWkp
ty; n yhw; W ntbj;j + gQ;R = ntbj;j gQ;R
(v.fh) 264) ngaur;rr; nrhw;fs;Kd; ---------- kpfhJ.
vl;L + fhy; = vl;Lf;fhy; ty; n yhw; W
265) Rth; ,Ue;jhy; jhNd -------------
gj;J + Ngu; = gj;Jg;Ngu;
tiua KbAk;.
gj;J + rl;il = gj;Jr;rl;il
rpj; j puk;
gj;J + Njhg;G = gj;Jj;Njhg;G
vl;L + $il = vl;Lf;$il
vl;L + Njh; = vl;Lj;Njh;
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,ay; ehd;F 271) nrU mLNjhs; ey; y hjd; vd

nra;As; - jphpfLfk; ghapuk; Fwpg;gpLtJ ahh;?
266) jphpfLfk; vd;w E}iy ,aw;wpath; ey; y hjdhu;
ahh;? 272) jphpfLfk; ------------ E}y;fSs; xd;W
ey; y hjdhu; gjpndz; f P o ; f ; f zf; F
267) nrhw; n ghUs; : - 273) jphpfLfk; vj;jid ntz;ghf;fis
1. cz;nghOJ - cz;Zk;nghOJ cilaJ?
2. ngwpDk; -- ngw;whYk; E}W
3. ghy;gw;wp - xUgf;fr; rhu;G 274) jphpfLfg; ghlypYk; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s
4. Njhy;tw;wp - Njhy; RUq;fp %d;W mwf;fUj;Jfs; fw;ghupd;
5. rhapDk; -- mopapDk; kdj; j pYs; s ------ Nehia g ;
6. rhd;whz;ik - mwpT Nghf;FfpwJ?
xOf;fq;fspy; epiyj;J epw;wy; mwpahik
7. Fd;whik - FiwahJ ,Ue;jy; 275) cupa tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;f:-
8. J} cak; -- J}a;ik cilNahu;
m) ghy;gw;wpr; nrhy;yh tpLjYk;
mwTzh;T cilahuplj;J cs;sit
-- ,t;tbapy; ghy;gw;wp vd;gjd;
268) nrhw; n ghUs; : -
nghUs;.
1. <Ak; - mspf;Fk;
xUgf;fr; rhh;Ggw;wp
2. epy;yhik - epiyahik
3. newp - top M) “epyy; hik As;Sk; newpgg ; hLk;”
4. J}a;ik - J}a jd;ik ,t;tbapy; top vd;Dk; nghUs;
5. khe;jh; -- kf;fs; jUk; nrhy;
newp
Gjupy; tpijj;j tpij
,) tdg;G vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs;
269) nrhw;nghUs;:- moF
1. epiw xOf;fk; -- Nkyhd xOf;fk;
2. Njw;whjhd; -- filg;gpbf;fhjtd; fhe;jpabfs; fbjk;
3. tdg;G -- moF ciueil
4. J}W -- Gjh; 276) fhe;jpabfs; ------------ khepyj;jpy;
5. tpj;J - tpij Mw;wpa ciuiaf; Foe;ijfSf;Fk;
270) ey;yhjdhu; ve;j Cupy; gpwe;jhu;? $wpdhu;.
jpUney; N typ khtl; l j; i jr; F[uhj;
Nrh;e;j jpUj;J vd;Dk; Cu; 277) xUnkhopapd; jd; i k ---------
jd;ikiag; nghUj;Nj mikAk;.
kf; f spd;
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278) Ntiy njhpahj njhopyhsp jd; 287) vd; fUj;ij Vw;W elf;fpd;wtNd
fUtpapd; kPJ ---------- nfhz;lhdhk;. --------- kfd;.
rPw;wk; vdf;F chpa
279) 1917 Mk; Mz;L ---------- efupy; 288) ------------- nra;j NeuNk vdf;F
eilngw; w ,uz; l htJ fy; t p chpaJ vd;W nghpath; $wpdhh;.
khehl;by; fhe;jpbfs; epfo;j;jpa ,iwj; n jhz; L
jiyik ciu> khzth;fSf;F
289) njhd;ik kpf;f cyf nkhopfs;
Vw; w tz; z k; fbj tbtpy;
vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghliy vOjpath;
mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ?
ahh;?
GNuhr;
NjtNeag; ghthzu;
chpaJ
,LFwpg; ngaUk;
(Jizg; g hlk; )
fhuzg; ngaUk;
280) Kdpth; mjpfkhf ahiu ntWg;gtu;?
290) xU nghUSf;Ff; FwpaPlhf ,l;l
ngha; nrhy; t hiu
281) Kdptu; ngha; nrhy;thu; kidapy; ngaNu ------- MFk;.
---------------- khl;lhu;? ,LFwpg; n gau;
czT cz;z 291) fhuzk; fUjp ,lg;gl;l ngau;fs;
282) nghpatupd; ------------- ew;Fzq;fisf; ------------- vdg;gLk;.
fz;L Kdptu; Kfk; kyu;eJ ; . fhuzg; n gau; f s;
md;G> mlf;fk;> gzpT (v.fh) gwit> tisay;> nrq;fy;
283) k f ; f s ; K d p t u p l k ; m e ; j g ; 292) jkpopy; ------------- kpFjpahf cs;sd.
nghpatUf;F vj;jid kfd;f ; s; cz;L fhuzg; n gah; f Ns
vd;W $wpdhh;? 293) gpwnkhopfspy; ---------------- kpFjpahf
ehd; F cs;sd.
284) nghpatupd; ehd; F kfd; f spd; ,LFwpg; n gau; f Ns
ngah;fs; vd;d? 294) kiy> fhL> khL ,itnay;yhk;
eluh[h> Nty;rhkp> rptrhkp> fe;jrhkp
------------- ngau;fs; MFk;.
285) fe;jrhkp xbte;J je;ijiaAk;
,LFwpg;
KdptiuAk; njhOJ rhkpf; F
295) midj;Jf;Fk; nghJthf tUk;
vd; d nfhz; L tul; L k; vdf;
,LFwpg;ngau;fis -------- vdf;
Nfl;ldhd;?
$Wtu;.
ghy;> gok;
286) ----------- nra;j gzk; vdf;F chpaJ. ,LFwpg; nghJg; n gau;
jUkk; .
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296) “njd;id” vd;Dk; nrhy; xU 2. ,LFwpr; rpwg;Gg; ngah; --- M. gwit

fhuzKk;> ,d;wp ,LFwpg; ngauha; 3. fhuzg; nghJg; ngau; ---,. fhL
epd;W> xU nghUSf;Nf (njd;id 4. fhuzr; rpwg;Gg; ngah; -- <.gid
kuk;) rpwg;gha; tUtjhy; ------------- tpil:
ngauhapw;W. 1.,> 2.<> 3.M> 4.m
,LFwpr; rpwg;Gg; 301) rpyg;gjpfhuk; je;j ,sq;Nfhtbfs;
297) fhfk;> Fapy;> Gwh> fpsp Mfpa --------- vd kioiag; Ngw;wp tzq;fpj;
midj; i jAk; gwit vd; D k; jk; fhg;gpaj;ij njhlq;fpdhu;.
nghJr;nrhy;yhy; miof;fpNwhk;. khkio Nghw; W Jk; khkio
mjdhy;> ,jidf; ------------------ Nghw; W Jk;
vd;fpNwhk;. 302) --------- vd;gd Nghd;w KJnkhopfSk;
fhuzg; nghJg; ngau; rpwg;Gfis ekf;F czh;jJ ; fpdw
; d.
298) tisay; N ghyNt rpynghUs; khhpay;yJ fhupak; ,y;iy.
tise; J tl; l khf ,Uf; F k; . 303) xU nrhw;nwhlupYs;s vOtha; mjd;
,Ug;gpDk; mitnay;yhk; tisay; gadpiyNahL --------------- ,lq;fspy;
vd miof; f g; g LtJ ,y; i y. nghUj;jkhf mika Ntz;Lk;.
,Ug; g pDk; ,r; n rhy; ifapy; jpiz> ghy;> vz;
mzpAk; tisaiy kl; L Nk (v.fh)
Fwpg;gjhy; -------------- Mapw;W. jpizg; nghUj;jk;:
fhuzr; rpwg;Gg; ngau; Nfhykapy; xapyhf MbaJ.
299) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;J (Nfhykapy; -- m/wpiz vOtha;:
vOJf:- MbaJ - m/wpizg; gadpiy)
1. ngl;b vd;gJ --------------- MFk;. ghy; nghUj;jk;:
,LFwpg; n gah; tz;Lfs; Njd; Fbj;jd
2. rpj;jpiu khjj;jpy; gpwe;jjhy; - (tz;Lfs; -- gytpd;ghy; vOtha;
Fbj;jd - gytpd;ghy; gadpiy)
------------- vd miof;fg;gl;lhd;.
vz; n ghUj; j k; :
rpj; j piuahd;
tpz;fyq;fs; tpz;zpy; gwe;jd
3. fhuzg; nghJg; ngah; -------------
(tpz;fyq;fs; -- vOtha;g; gd;ik
MFk;.
gwe;jd - gd;ikg; gadpiy)
mzp
,lg; nghUj;jk;:
300) nghUj;Jf:-
mtd; ghlk; gbj;jhd;
1. ,LFwpg; nghJg;ngah; --
(mtd; -- glu;f;if vOtha;>
m. kuq;nfhj;jp
gbj;jhd; -- glu;f;ifg; gadpiy)
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rpwg;Gg; nghUj;jk;:- 308) ePjpnewp tpsf;fk; Kj;Jf;Fkhurhkp

ghNte; j u; > ghujpiag; Gfo; e ; J gps;isj;jkpo;> fe;ju;fyp ntz;gh>
ghbdhu;. ghNte;ju; vd;Dk; ngau; kP d hl; r pak; i k gps; i sj; j kpo; >
ghujpjhridNa FwpfF ; k; vd;gjdhy;> kJiuf;fyk;gfk; Mfpa E}y;fis
mJ rpwg;Gg; ngauhapw;W. rpwg;Gg; ,aw;wpath; ahh;?
nghUj; j k; cau; T kl; L ky; y hJ FkuFUguu;
,opT fUjpAk; tUk;. 309) FkuFUguu; tho;e;j fhyk; vJ?
fp.gp gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;L
(v.fh)
310) jpUth&h; ehd;kzpkhiy gphpj;J
KjiyAk; %u;ff ; Dk; nfhz;lJ
vOJf?
tplh.
jpUth&u; + ehd;F + kzpkhiy
,ay; Ie;J - nra;As; 311) -------- vOe;jUspAs;s jpahfuhrh;kJ P
jpUth&u; ehd; k zpkhiy ghlg;ngw;w ehd;kzpkhiy vdg;
nghUs;gLk;
304) jpUth&h; ehd;kzpkhiy vd;Dk;
jpUth&hpy;
E}iyia ,aw;wpath; ahh;?
312) ehd;kzpkhiy vd;gJ jkpopy;
FkuFUguu;
toq;Fk; --------------- rpw;wpyf;fpaq;
305) nrhw;nghUs;:-
fSs; xd;W
1. vd;gzpe;j (vd;G + mzpe;j) - njhz; Z }w; w hW
vYk;ig khiyahf mzpe;j 313) ehy;tifahd ghly;fshy; vjdhy;
2. njd;fkiy - njw;fpy; cs;s Md ehw;gJ nra;As;fisf; nfhz;lJ.
jpUth&u; ntz;gh> fl;lisf; fypj;Jiw>
3. g+qN; fhapy; -- jpUth&h;fN; fhapypd; Mrphpa tpUj; j k; > Mrphpag; g h.
ngah; 314) jpUth&h; jpahfuhrg; ngUkhidg;
4. Gz;zpadhu; - ,iwtu; gw;wpa ngUikfis ve;j E}ypd;
5. kz; Rke;jhu; -- te;jpf;fhf %yk; mwpe;J ,d;Gwyhk;.
,iwtd; kz;Rke;jhu;. jpUth&h; ehd; k zpkhiy
6. cUFthu; -- tUe;Jthu; 315) Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf:
306) FkuFUghupd; ngw; N whu; ngah; 1. vd; g zpe; j njd; f kiy --
vd;d? ,t;tbapy; njd;fkiy czh;jJ ; k;
rz; K frpfhkzpf; ftpuhau; -- nghUs; --------
njw;fpy; cs;s jpUth&h;
rptfhkRe; j up mk; i kahu; .
2. kz;Rke;jhu; vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gL
307) FkuFUguu; gpwe;j Cu; vJ?
gth; ---------
jpUitFz; l k;
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rptngUkhd; 322) thzpjhrdpd; ngw;Nwhu; ahh;?

3. ------------- vd;Dk; ngaUila muq;f jpUf;fhK - Jsrpak;khs;
fpotpff ; hf kz; Rke;J ghz;badplk; 323) thzpjhrd; ---------> -------------- vd;Dk;
,iwtd; (rptngUkhd;) mbg;gl;lhu;. gl;lq;fs; ngw;Ws;shu;.
te; j p ftpQNuW> ghtyu; k zp
316) gphpj;J vOJf:- 324) jkpofj;jpd; ---------- vd thzp
m. g+q;Nfhtpy; -- g+ + Nfhtpy; jhridj; jkpOyfk; Gfo;fpwJ.
M. Gilj;njd;dhu; -- Gilj;J + vd;dhh; Ntu;l;]; nthu;j;
,. vd;WUFthu; - vd;W + cUFthh; 325) --------->----------- Kjypa nkhopfspy;
<) vd;gzpe;j - vd;G + mzpe;j ,th; ghly;fs; nkhopngau;f;fg;
317) gpdt; Uk; nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhlhpy; gl;Ls;sd.
mikj;J vOJf:- cUrpak;> Mq;fpyk;
1. gzpT: nghpNahhplk; ehk; gzpTld; 326) thzpjhrd; tho;e;j fhyf;fl;lk;
ele;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. vJ?
2. Nfhtpy:; jQ;irg; nghpa Nfhtpy; 22.07.1915 Kjy; 07.08.1974 tiu
,uhruhrdhy; fl;lg;gl;lJ. 327) nka;gn ; ghUs; fy;tp vd;Dk; ghly;
3. md;G: ghpR ngw;w kfidj; jha; ftpQh; thzpjhrd; jkpo; cyfpwF ; g;
md;Gld; mize;Jf; nfhz;lhs;. Gide;J mspj;Js;s --------------
4. kz;: Fatd; fspkz; nfhz;l vd;Dk; ghly; njhFg;gpypUe;J
kl;ghz;lk; nra;jhd; ghlg;gFjpahf mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
nka;g;nghUs; fy;tp Foe;ij ,yf;fpak;
328) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;f:-
318) nka;gn; ghUs; fy;tp vd;Dk; E}iy m.jq;fg; gJikahk; Njhou;fNshL
,aw;wpath; ahh;? - ,t;tbapy; gJik vd;Dk; nrhy;
thzpjhrd; czh;j;Jk; nghUs;.
319) nrhw;nghUs;:- cUtk;
1. gJik - cUtk; 329) gphpj;J vOJf:-
2. nka;gn; ghUs; - epiyahd nghUs; 1. mOf;fpy;yh - mOf;F + ,y;yh
3. fzf;fhau; - Mrphpah;. 2. mzptjhyy;yNth - mzptjhy;
320) thzpjhrd; vd;gthpd; ,aw;ngah; + my;yNth
vd;d? 3. nrt;tpjo; -- nrk;ik + ,jo;
vj;jpuhrY (v) muq;frhkp 4. mwpTz;lhk; -- mwpT + cz;lhk;
321) thzpjhrd; gpwe;j Ch; vJ? 5. clw;Fz;lhk; - clw;F + cz;lhk;
GJitia mLj;j tpy;ypaD}u;
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330)gpdt
; Uk; nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhlhpy; 336) kJiu vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;F ------
mikj;J vOJf:- vd;gJ nghUs;.
1. gs;sp: vk; gs;spapy; Mapuk; ,dpik
khzth;fs; gapy;fpd;wdh;. 337) -------------- vdg; GwehD}W Nghw;wpaJ
2. gJik: ghlk; Nfl;Fk; khzth; jkpo;nfO $ly;
Xtpaj;jpy; cs;s gJikNghy; 338) neQ;iras;Sk; rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy;
mirtpd;wp mkh;e;J ghlj;ijf; Xq;FrPu; kJiu> kJiu %J}u;
Nfl;f Ntz;Lk;. khefh; njd; jkpo; ed;dhl;Lj;
3. Njhoh;: xUtUf;Fj; Jd;gk; jPJjPu; kJiu> khz;Gil kugpd;
Vw;gLk;nghOJ mijj; jPhg ; g; tNu kJiu> thdth; ciwAk; kJiu>
rpwe;j Njhoh; Mthh;. gjpnaOtwpaha; gz;G Nkk;gl;l
4. fy; t p: fy; t p fw; w th; f is kJiu %J}u; vdg; gw;gy mil
vy;yhUk; Nghw;Wth;.
nkhopfshy; kJiuf;Fg; Gfo;khiy
J}q;fh efu; #l;b kfpo;e;jth; ahh;?
,sq; N fhtbfs;
331) jkpofj;jpYs;s “J}q;fh efh;” vJ?
339) Nru ehL NtoKilj;J> NrhoehL
kJiu
NrhWilj;J> ghz;baehL Kj;Jilj;J>
332) Mz;bd; vy;yh ehspYk; tpohf;fs;
njhz;ilehL ----------- cilj;J
nfhz;lhba gb ,Ug;gjhy; --------
vd;gd jkpofj;jpd; rpwg;ig czh;jJ ; k;.
-------- vd;Dk; ngUik ngw;w efh;
rhd; N whu; .
kJiu.
340) kJiuf;Ff; ------ vdTk; ------ vdTk;
jpUtpoh efu;
NtW ngah;fs; cs;sd.
333) ehw;wpirapYk; fiyaoF nghUj;jpa
$ly;> Mytha;
khngUq; NfhGuq;fNshL vl;Lr;
341) ---------- >----------->--------->-------- Mfpa
rpwpa NfhGuq;fisAk; nfhz;L
ehd;F jpUf;Nfhtpy;fs; Nrh;ej ; ike;
vopy;kpF rpw;gf;fiyf; $lkhf
jjhy; ehd;khlf; $ly; vd;Dk;
tpsf;Fk; Cu; vJ?
ngah; toq;fyhapw;W.
Nfhtpy; khefu; (kJiu)
jpUthytha;> jpUes;shW>
334) gok; ngUk; jkpou;jk; ehfupfj;
jpUKlq;if> jpUeLt+u;
njhl;byhfj; jpfo;ej ; kJiu ------
342) ve; j ehd; F jpUf; N fhtpy; f s;
----- vdg; Gfo;gn; gw;w efu; MFk;.
kJiuf;Ff; fhtyhf mike;Js;sJ?
njd; d pe; j pahtpd; Vnjd; ] ;
fd;dpNfhtpy;> fhpakhy; Nfhtpy;>
335) ghz; b ehl; b d; gioikahd
fhspNfhtpy;> Mytha;f; Nfhtpy;
jiyefukhf tpsq;fpaJ vJ?
Mfpait MFk;.
kJiu
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343) t U z d ; k J i u i a m o p f ; f ey;ye;Jtdhu;> kUjdps ehfdhu;>

vj;jid Nkfq;fis mDg;gpdhd;? ,se;jpUkhwd;> rPj;jiyr;
VO rhj; j dhu; > ngUq; n fhy; y dhu; >
344) ,iwtdplk; ghz;bad; Kiwapl fz;zfdhu;> fjq;fz;zhfdhu;>
,iwtd; ----------- Nkfq; f is Nre;jk;g+jdhu; KjypNahu;
kJiuiaf; fhf;f mDg;gpdhh;. md;iwa kJiuapy; tho;eN; jhuhth;.
ehd; F 350) kJiuapy; Milfs; tpw; F k;
345) ehd;F khlq;fshff; $b kJiuiaf; filg;gFjpf;Fg; ngah; vd;d?
fhj; j ikahy; ehd; k hlf; $ ly; mWit tPjp
vd;dk; ngah; Vw;gl;ljhff; $wpaJ 351) kJiu tPjpfspd; ngah;:-
ahh;? 1. $ytPjp - jhdpaf;fil
guQ; N rhjpahu; 2. nghd;tPjp - nghw;filfs;
346) rq;fk; itj;Jr; nre;jkpio tsh;ff ; > 3. kd;dth; tPjp - kd;du;thOk; gFjp
Gyth; vy;yhUk; $bajhy; ------------- 4. kiwath; tPjp - me;jzu; tPjp
vd; D k; ngah; Vw; g l; l jhfTk; 352) mupkh;jj
; d ghz;baDf;F mikr;ruh
mwpQh; $Wth;? fj; jpfo;e;jth; ahu;?
$ly; khzpf; f thrfh;
347) kJiuapy; vOe; j Uspa <rd; 353) $d;ghz;bad; fhyj;jpy; kJiuapy;
Myku epoypy; tPw;wpUe;jjhy; ----- kq; i fau; f ; f urp> Fyr; r piwahu;
-------- vd;Dk; ngah; vw;gl;ljhfTk; cjtpAld; irtj;ijf; fhj;jtu;
$Wth;. ahh;?
Mytha; jpUQhdrk; g e; j u;
348) kUj kuq;fs; mlh;e;j gFjpahf 354) jpUkiy ehaf;fu; vijj; jiy
,Ue;jikahy; ------ vd toq;fpa efuhff; nfhz;L Mz;lhh;.?
,lk; fhyNghf;fpy; kJiu kJiuia
vd;whfpajhk;. 355) Nfhil tpLjpahd jKf; f Kk; >
Fsph;g+e;jlhfkhfpa nghpa njg;gf;
kUij
FsKk;> fiy eaj;jpy; jh[;kfhiy
349) fy;ntl;by; --------- vd;w ngah;
nahj;j ------------ mikj;J kJiuia
fhzg;gLfpwJ.
moFgLj;jpdhu;.
kjpiu
jpUkiy ehf;fu; kfhiyAk;
Fwpg; G :-
356) kJiuiaj; jpUkiy ehaf;fu; ---
rq;fg;Gytu;fSs; fzf;fhadhu;
--- efukhf tpsf;fKwr; nra;jhu;.
kfdhu; ef; f P u dhu; > Fkudhu; >
tpoh ky;F
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357) -------------- mikj;j rj;jpuq;fSk; ------ Nfhtpyhf ,d;Wk; kf;fshy;

rhiyfSk; kJiuf;Fg; ngUik topglg;gLfpwJ.
Nrh;g;gdthf ,d;Wk; jpfo;fpd;wd. nry; y j; j k; k d;
,uhzp kq;fk;khs; 365) kPdhl;rpak;kd; Nfhtpypd; ehd;F
358) guQ;Nrhjpahupd; jpUtpisahlw; NfhGuq;fSs; gioikahdJ vJ?
Guhzk; jUkpf;F ,iwtd; ---------- fpof;Ff; NfhGuk;
ghly; je;jik gw;wpf; $WfpwJ? 366) kPdhl;rpak;kd; Nfhtpypd; caukhd
jz; l kpo; g ; NfhGuk; vJ?
359) kJiuiar; Rw;wpAs;s kiyfspy; njw;Ff; NfhGuk;
tho;e;j rkz Kdptu;fshy; ------- Fwpg; G :-
--- ,aw;wg; ngw;wJ. njw;Ff; NfhGuk; 160.9 mb cauKk;>
ehybahu; 1511 Rij cUtq;fSk; cilaJ.
360) kPdhl;rpak;ikNa rpWkpahf te;J 367) fp.gp ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;by; vOe;j
Kj;Jkzp khiyia ahUf;Fg; rpyg;gjpfhuk; kJiu ---------- vdf;
ghprspj;jJ? Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
FkuFUguUf; F %J}u;
361) rpyg;gjpfhuf; fhg;gpaj; jiytd; 368) kuk; gad;gLj;jhky; fl;lg;gl;lJ
Nfhtyd; nfhiyf;fsg;gl;l ,lk; vJ?
---- vd; D k; ngaUld; ,d; W k; ehaf;fu; kfhy;
mg;gFjp kf;fsplk; toq;fg;gLfpwj. Fwpg; G :-
Nfhtyd; nghl; l y; ehaf;fu; kfhypy; cs;s xt;nthU
362) goq; f hy kjpypd; vQ; r pa xU J}Zk; 82 mb cauKk; 19
rpWgFjp --------- tPjpapy; khefuhl;rpj; Rw;wsTk; nfhz;lJ.
njd;kz;ly mYtykhf ,aq;fp 369) ghz;ba ehL vjw;Fg; ngah; ngw;wJ.
tUfpwJ. Kj; J
Nkyntsp 370) NrhoehL vjw;Fg; ngah; ngw;wJ?
363) fPothry; Nkythry; njw;Fthry; NrhW
tlf; F thry; vd toq; f g; g Lk; 371) kP d hl; r pak; i k gps; i sj; j kpio
,lq;fs;---------- kjpy; thapy;fs; ,aw;wpatu; ahh;?
,Ue;j ,lq;fhsf mwpag;gLfpdw ; d. FkuFUguu;
Nfhl; i lapd; 372) ehd; f hk; jkpo; r ; rq; f j; i jj;
364) ifapw; rpyk;Gld; cl;fhu;ej ; pUf;Fk; Njhw;wptpj;jth; ahh;?
cUtr;rpiy mike;j Nfhtpy; --- ghz; b j; J iuahu;
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mwpT El;gk; (Jizg; ghlk;) 379) tPL> njU> gs;sp> Nfhtpy;> kf;fs;
mWtifg; ngah;r;nrhw;fs; thoplk;> Njhl;lk; vd ,lq;fisf;
Fwpg;gpdnty;yhk; ------- ngah;fs;
373) Mly; > ghly; > tl; l k; > moF
MFk;.
MfpadTk; ---------- MFk;.
,lg; ngah;fs;
ngau; r ; n rhw; f s; 380) nehb> tpehb> kzp> nghOJ> fpoik>
374) ngau;rn; rhw;fis ,yf;fz E}yhh; thuk;> jpq;fs;> Mz;L vd vy;yhNk
vj;jid tifg;gLj;Jth;? mit ------ MFk;.
ahit? fhyg; ngah; f s;
MW tifg;gLk; 381) rpid vd;gJ xd;wpd; ---------- Fwpgg ; J
mit: MFk;.
1. nghUl; ngau;> ---------------- cWg; i gf;
2. ,lg; ngau;> ---------------- 382) kdpj cWg;Gfs;> tpyq;F cWg;Gfs;>
3. fhyg; ngau;> ---------------- jhtug; gFjpfs;> nghUs;fspy;
4. rpidg; ngau;> ---------------- gFjpfs; OOikahd xd; w pd;
5. Fzg; ngau;> ---------------- gFjpfisf; Fwpf;Fk; ngah;fs; -
6. njhopw; ngau;> ---------------- ---------- vdg;gLk;.
375) nghUisf; Fwpf;Fk; ngah; --------- rpidg; ngah; f s;
MFk;. 383) Fzg; ngaiug; --------- vdTk;
$Wth;.
nghUl; ngah;
gz;Gg; ngah;
376) nghUl; ngau; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
384) gbj;jy;> fw;gpj;jy; ---------- vdg;gLk;.
mit ahit?
njhopy; ngau; f s;
nghUl; n gah; ,Utifg; g Lk;
ngau; tif - ngau;
mit:- 1. nghUl; ngau; - fz;zd;> ehw;fhyp
capUs;s nghUs;> capuw;w nghUs; 2. ,lg; ngah; -- NtY}h;> ehkf;fy;
377) Fkud; > kyh; f ; n fhb> njd; i d> 3. fhyg; ngah; -- ijj;jpq;fs;> ez;gfy;
nrk;gUj;jp> nts;shL> Xzhd; 4. rpidg;ngah; - Kfk;> if
Kjypad vt;tifg; nghUs; MFk;. 5. Fzg; ngah; -- tl;lk;> moF
capUs; s nghUs; f s; 6. njhopw; ngau; - Mly;> ghly;
378) ehw;fhyp> mLg;G> jl;L> vz;nza;> 385) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;f:-
kz;> ePu>; fhw;W Kjypad vt;tifg; 1. kJiu vd;gJ ---------- ngah;.
nghUs; MFk;. m) fhyg; ngah;> M) Fzg; ngah;>
capuw;w nghUs;fs; ,) ,lg; ngah;
tpil: ,lg; n gah;
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2. g+q;nfhb g+g; gwpf;fpwhs; . 390) ftpauR fz; z jhrd; ----------

,j;njhlhpYs;s g+ vd;gJ --------- Nkw;gl;l jpiug;glg; ghly;fis
ngah;. ,aw;wpAs;shh;.
m) nghUl;ngah;> M) rpidg;ngah;> Iahapuj; j pw; F k;
,) njhopw;ngah; 391) fz;zjhrd; kiwe;j Mz;L vJ?
tpil: rpidg; n gah; 1981
392) ehk; nra;jpfisAk; fUj;JfisAk;
3. rJuk; ,J --------- ngah;
gpwhplk; $Wk;nghOJ Ritglf;
m) nghUl;ngah; M) fhyg;ngah;
$Wtjw;fhf xNu nghUs;jUk;
,) Fzg;ngah;
,Unrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;JtJ --
tpil: Fzg; n gah;
--------- vdg;gLk;.
386) Nfhbl;l ,lq;fspy; Vw;w ngah;r; Neh; ,izr; nrhw;fs;
nrhw;fis vOJf:- (v.fh)
1. ---------- g+ir elf;fpwJ. 1. fhNthp fz;Zq;fUj;Jkhfg;
2. ----------- mirfpwJ. gbg;ghs;.
3. ---------- gs;spf;F tpLKiw. 2. tstdpd; je;ij NgUk;GfOk;
4. ---------- cile;J tpl;lJ. kpf;fth;.
5. ---------- %d;W Nfhzq;fis 393) vjpuhd fUj;ijf; $Wk;nghOJ
cilaJ. vjph;g;nghUs; jUk; nrhw;fisg;
6. --------- ty;ytd; ,uhkd;. gad;gLj;Jjy; ----------- vdg;gLk;.
tpil: 1. Nfhtpypy;> 2. nfhb> vjph; ,izr; nrhw;fs;
3. ehis> 4. ghid> 5. Kf;Nfhzk;> (v.fh)
6. tpy;tpj;ijapy;. 1. Nfhghyd; cau; T jho; t pd; w p
midthplKk; goFk; gz;ghsu;.
387) ftpauR fz;zjhrd; vq;F vg;NghJ
2. kyu;f;nfhbapd; je;ij my;Yk;
gpwe;jhh;?
gfYk; mauhJ cioj;jtu;.
rpW$ly;gl;b vd;Dk; rpw;W}upy;
394) chpa ,izr;nrhw;fis vLj;Jf;
1927
Nfhbl;l ,lq;fspy; epug;Gf:
388) fz;zjhrdpd; ,aw;ngah; vd;d? (,uTgfy;> Vw;wj;jho;T> fw;NwhUk;
Kj; i jah kw;NwhUk;> mbj;Jg;gpbj;J>
389) fhiuKj;Jg; Gyth;> tzq;fhKb> gj;jpgj;jpahf)
ghh; t jpehjd; > MNuhf; f pehjd; > 1. mz;zy; mk;Ngj;fh; rKjhaj;jpy;
fkfg;gphpah vdg; gy Gidg;ngah;fs; fhzg; g Lk; ------------- fisf;
ahUf;F cz;L? fisag; ghLgl;lhu;.
fz; z jhrd; Vw; w j; j ho; T
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2. fl;Liu vOJk; NghJ ------------- 3. Njrk; - ehL

vOj Ntz;Lk;. 4. Kl;L - Ftpay;
gj; j pgj; j pahf 5. nej;jp - new;wp
3. cyfk;> #hpaidr; Rw;Wtjhy; 400) Mrphpah; Fwpg;G:-
-------------- Njhd;WfpwJ. ngah; : m. kUjfhrp
,uTgfy; gpwe;j Cu; : jpUr;rp khtl;lj;jpYs;s
Nkyf;FbfhL
4. NgUe;jpy; ,lk; gpbf;f -----------
ngw;Nwhu; : ma;ak;ngUkhs;> kpsfhap
VwpNdd;.
mk;khs;
mbj; J g; g pbj; J
rpwg;G : jpiuf;ftpj; jpyfk;
5. NeUtpd; mwpthw;wiyf; ----------
fhyk; : 13.02.1920 - 29.11.1989
Nghw;wpg; Gfo;e;jdh;. 401) ---- vd; D k; jiyg; g py; jpiuf;
fw;NwhUk;> kw;NwhUk; fijfSf;F vOjpa ghly;fs;
395) f;>q;>r;>Q; ------- Mfpa gjpndl;L njhFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
nka;naOj;JfSk; caph; vOj; jpiuf;ftpj; jpyfk; m.kUjfhrp
ijNah> capu;nka;naOj;ijNah ghly; f s;
njhlh;eJ ; ----------- thpirahf tUk;. 402) ---------- vd;Dk; jiyg;gpd; fPo; ,lk;
nka; n aOj; J ngw;Ws;s ghly;> ghlg;gFjpapy;
396) n[h;kdp ehl;bd; nfhLq;Nfhyuhff; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
fUjg;gl;lth; ahh;? r%fk;
`pl; y u; 403) Nfhbl;l ,lj;ij epug;Gf:-
397) `pl;yUf;F vjpuhfj; jpwikahf 1. epfuw;w njhopy; --------
thjhb> vOj;J %yk; `pl;yiu tpil: coTj; njhopy;
2. coth;fs; nry;tkhff; fUJtJ
kd;dpg;Gf; Nfl;fr; nra;jth; ahh;?
------
nrz; g fuhkd;
tpil: ney; k zpfis
,ay; MW 3. ney;iy ----------- Ftpg;gh;.
nra;As; - Vu;Kid tpil: Kl; L Kl; l ha;
4. coth;fs; tpah;itia -----------
398) Vu;Kid vd;w ghliy vOjpath;
rpe;jpdh;.
ahh;?
tpil: Kj;JKj;jha;
kUjfhrp
404) gphpj;J vOJf:-
399) nrhw;nghUs;:-
1. Neupq;Nf - Neh; + ,q;Nf
1. khup - kio
2. Nrkk; - eyk; 2. NrkKw - Nrkk; + cw
47

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3. Njrnky;yhk; - Njrk; + vy;yhk; ,yf; f paj; Jiwf; F k; Gjpa

4. gUtg;ngz; - gUtk; + ngz; rpwg;Gfisr; Nrh;e;jpUf;fpd;wd.
,Ugjhk;
nghq;fy; topghL
413) e.gpr;r%u;jj
; p ftpijfs; vd;Dk;
405) nrhw;nghUs;:- E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s -----------
1. jpU - nry;tk; ftpijfspy; xd;W ,g;nghq;fy;
2. fdfk; - nghd; topghL vd;Dk; ftpij.
3. Nfh - murd; vz;gj;J %d;W
4. epNtjdk; - gilayKJ 414) gphpj;J vOJf:-
5. Gutp - Fjpiu 1. new;fjpu; --- ney; + fjpH
6. fLfp - tpiue;J 2. epyTKz;Nlh - epyTk; + cz;Nlh
406) nghq;fy; topghL vd;w ghliy 3. kz;Zz;Nlh - kz; + cz;Nlh
vOjpath; ahh;? 4. epd;db - epd; + mb
e.gpr; r %u; j ; j p 5. xspAz;Nlh - xsp + cz;Nlh
407) e.gpr;r%u;jj ; papd; ,aw;ngah; vd;d? 415) gpd;tUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhupy;
e.Ntq;fl kfhypq;fk; mikj;J vOJf:
408) e.gpr;r%u;j;jpapd; gpwe;j Cu; vJ? 1. fdp -
jQ;rht+u; khtl;lj;jpYs;s
Fk; g Nfhzk; 2. fjpu; --
409) e.gpr;r%u;jj ; p nra;J te;j njhopy;
vd;d? 3. fjputd; ---
1924 - 1938 tiu tof;FiuQh;
1938 - 1954 tiu Nfhtpy; epUthf 4. fUk;G -
mYtyh;
410) e. gpr;r%u;j;jp vOjpa E}y;fspd; 5. capu; --
ngah; vd;d? jhq;fNs Kaw;rp nra;f.
fijfs;> kuGf;ftpijfs;> GJf; nerT (ciuahly;)
ftpijfs;> Xuq;f ehlfq;fs; ciueil
411) e.gpr;r%u;jj ; p tho;ej; fhyk; vJ?
416) Vl;Lr; Riuf;fha; ----------- cjthJ.
15.08.1900 - 04.12.1976
fwpf; F
412) e.gpr;r%u;jj ; papd; ftpij E}y;fs;
417) mr;Rkuk;> gilkuk;> tpOJfk;G>
--------- E}w; w hz; b d; jw; f hy
Fj;Jf;fk;gp> Xlk;> CilFoy;>
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ghT ,itnay;yhk; ---------- gad;gLk; 427) mz;zy; fhe;jpabfs; ngUe;jiytu;

fUtpfs;. fhkuhru;> je;ij nghpahu;> NguwpQu;
jwp nea;ag; mz;zh KjypNahu; ---------
418) jpU.tp.f tpw;Fg; gpbj;j g+ vJ? Milfis mzpe;jdu;.
gUj;jpg; g+ ifj; j wp
419) E}y; vz; 10> vz; 20> vz; 60> 428) Fsphpy; thba kapYf;Fg; Nghh;it
vz; 80> vz; 100> vz; 120 vd Nghh;j;jpaJ ahh;?
mjd; nkd;ikj; jd;ikf;F Vw;g ts;sy; Ngfd;
vjidg; ngahpl;L miof;fpd;Nwhk;. 429) Milapy; y h kdpjd; -----------
gQ;rpypUe;J E}w;fg;gLk; E}iy kdpjd;.
420) fhQ;rp> Muzp> kJiu> Nfhit> miu
gukf;Fb> rpd;dhsg;gl;b> <NuhL> 430) Ms; ghjp: ------- ghjp vd;Dk;
nrd;dpkiy> ciwa+u;> jpUg;Gtdk; gonkhopfs; Milapd; rpwg;igf;
Kjypa Cu;fspy; ------- ,d;Dk; Fwpf;fpd;wd.
eilngWfpwJ. Mil
ifj;jwp nerT 431) nra;Ak; njhopypy; rPu; J}f;fpd; --
421) efh; g ; G wq; f spy; ----------- nerT ---- njhopYf;F epfhpy;iy vd;Dk;
eilngWfpwJ. tof;fhWk; cz;L.
,ae; j pu nea; A k;
422) jpUg;g+u; ------- Milf;Fg; ngah; 432) cyfpNyNa ifj; j wp nertpd;
ngw;wJ. Kd;Ndhb ------ MFk;.
gpd; d yhil jkpofk;
423) Rq; F bg; G litfs; ve; j Cupy; 433) kq;if jd; gpwe;j ehs; ghprhfj;
jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd? je;ijaplk; Nfl;l Mil vJ?
kJiuapy; ifj;jwp Mil
424) ciwa+u; ngau; ngw;w Nriyfs; 434) nghUj;Jf:-
vJ? 1. fhQ;rp - m. Rq;Fbg; Glitfs;
fz; l hq; f pr; 2. jpUg;g+u; - M. fz;lhq;fpr; Nriyfs;
425) gl;lhilfs; vq;F jahhpff ; g;gLfpwJ? 3. kJiu - ,. Nghu;itfs;
fhQ; r pGuj; j py; 4. ciwa+u; - <. gpd;dhilfs;
426) gl;lhilfs; jahhpf;fg; gad;gLtJ 5. nrd;dpkiy - c. gl;lhilfs;
vJ? tpilfs;:-
gl; L g; G O 1 - c> 2 - <> 3 - m> 4- M> 5 - ,
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jkpo; ehlf Kd;Ndhbfs; 442) ghpjpkhw; fiyQu; ---------- eilapy;

(Jizg; g hlk; ) ehlfq;fis ,aw;wp muq;Nfw;wpdhu;.
nrk;khe;j rPhpa nre;jkpo;
435) fz;Zf;Fk; fhJf;Fk; kdj;Jf;Fk;
443) jkpofj; j py; ahiug; Nghd; W
,d;gk; gaf;Fk; fiy vJ?
ehlfhrpupah;fs; Njhd;w Ntz;Lk;
ehlf; f iy
vdg; nghpJk; tpioe;jth; ghpjpkhw;
436) Ma fiyfs; ----- cz;L.
fiyQu;?
mWgj;J ehd;F
Nkiy ehl;L ehlf Mrphpau;fshd
437) rq;f fhyj;jpy; fpilj;j ehlf ,yf;fz
Nrf;]g ; pau;> vg;rd;> Nkhypau;
E}y;fs; vj;jid? mit ahit?
444) ghpjpkhw; fiyQupd; ehlfq;fs; vit?
ehd;F E}y;fs; fpilj;jd.
&ghtjp> fyhtjp> khdtp[ak;
mit:
445) tlnkhop> Nkdhl;L kuGfisj;
rae; j k; > KWty; > kjpthzd; >
jkpo;ehlf kuNghL ,izj;J -----
ehlfj;jkpo;> nrapw;wpak;
--- vd; D k; E}iyg; ghpjpkhw;
438) kf;fspilNa eilngw;w ehlfq;fs;
fiyQu; gilj;jhu;.
vit?
ehlftpay;
gs;S> FwtQ;rp> nehz;b
446) --------- ehlfk;> fstop ehw;gJ
ehlfq;fs;> fPuj ; j
; id ehlfq;fs;
vd;Dk; ,yf;fpaj;ij mbg;gil
MFk; .
ahff; nfhz;L ,aw;wg;gl;lJ.
439) ,Ugjhk; E}w; w hz; b y; ehlfj;
khdtp[ak;
jkpOf; F g; Gj; J apu; Cl; l Xu;
447) ehlfj;jkpo; cyfpd; ,kakiy
vOr;rpiaj; Njhw;Wtpjj ; th;fs; ahu;?
vdg; ghuhl;lg;gLth; ahh;?
gupjpkhw; fiyQu; > rq; f ujhR
rq; f ujhR Rthkpfs;
Rthkpfs; > gk; k y; rk; g e; j dhu;
448) rq;fujhR Rthkpfs; ts;sp jpUkzk;>
MfpNahu; Mtu;.
Nfhtyd; rhpj;jpuk;> rjp RNyhrdh>
440) ----------- vd;Dk; jk; ngaiuj; J}a
,ytFrh> gf; j pg; gpufyhjh>
jkpopy; ghpjpkhw; fiyQd; vd
ey;yjq;fhs;> rjp mDRah> tPu
khw;wp mikj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;.
mgpkd;A> gtsf;nfhb Kjypa --
#hpa ehuhaz rh];jpup
----- ehlfq;fis ,aw;wpAs;shu;.
441) ---------- gzpahw;wpf; nfhz;Nl ehlfj;
ehw; g J
njhz;lhw;wpath; ghpjpkhw; fiyQd;.
449) Jbg;gpUf;Fk; rq;fujhR vOj;jpy;
jkpo; g ; Nguhrphpauha; g ;
vy;yhk; Ritnrhl;Lk; re;jeak;
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Njha;e;jpUf;Fk; vd;W ahu; 457) gk; k y; rk; g e; j dhu; vq; F g ;

rq;fujhR Rthkpfisg; Gfo;fpdw ; hu;? gzpahw;wpath;?
Gj; j Ndup Rg; u kzpak; eP j pkd; w j; j py;
450) rq;fujhR Rthkpfs; ,aw;wpa ----- 458) rk;ge;jdhu; ---------- ehlfq;fisj;
----- ehlfk; kJiuapy; muq;NfwpaJ. jkpod;idf;Fg; gilj;jspj;jhu;.
Nfhty rhpj;jpuk; njhz; Z }w; W ehd; F
451) khghtpNahu; $b thOk; khefUf;F 459) gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu; jkp;od;idf;Fg;
kd;dh NghfhjPu; gilj;jspj;j njhz;Z}w;W ehd;F
,e;jg; ghlypy; kh> gh> tp Mfpa ehlfq;fspy; rpytw;iwf; $Wf.
,t;ntOj;J vijf; Fwpf;fpwJ kNdhfuh> aahjp> rpWj;njhz;ld;>
vd;W Rthkpfs; $wpdhu;? fu;zd;> rghgjp> nghd;tpyq;F
kh vd;gJ miyfs; vd;gd MFk;.
gh vd;gJ fiykfs; 460) gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu; Nrf;];gpaupd;
tp vd;gJ kiykfisAk; ehlfq;fisj; jOtp ------> ----------->
Fwpf; f pwJ. ---------> Kjypa jkpo; ehlfq;fisg;
452) vkd; > ,uhtzd; > ,uzpad; gilj;jhu;.
Kjypa Ntlq;fs; Gide;jJ ahu;? thzpGuj;J tzpfd;> tpUk;gpa
Rq; f ujhR Rthkpfs; tpjNk> mkyhjpj; j pad; .
453) Rthkpfs; vOj;Jj; jpwikNahL - 461) rpwe; j ehlf ,af; F euhfTk;
------ jpwikAk; ngw;wpUe;jhu;. jpwikahd ebfuhfTk; mwpTkpf;f
ebg; G j; MrphpauhfTk; tpsq;fpath; ahu;?
454) rq; f ujhR Rthkpfs; tho; e ; j gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu;
fhyf;fl;lk; vJ? 462) ------- vd;w tifapidAk; ehlf
1867 - 1920 ieahz;bapidAk; jkpo; ehlf
455) 1891 Mk; Mz;L jdJ gjpndl;lhk; cyFf; F mwpKfg; g Lj; j path;
tajpy; RFztpyhr rigiaj; gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu;.
njhlq;fpj; jkpo; kf;fspd; Nfspf;if ehlfk;
rpe;jidia ehlff;fiy Nehf;fpj; 463) gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhupd; gilg;ghd -----
jpir jpUg;gpath; ahh;? ehlfg; ghj;jpuk; ,d;wsTk; kwf;f
gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu; Kbahj eifr;Ritg; ghj;jpukhFk;.
456) ebfu;fshy; -------- vd kjpff
; g;gl;lhu;. rghgjp
gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu;
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464) rghgjp jkpopy; ----- vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; (v.fh) 1. gok; vd;Dk; ngau;r;
fl;Liu vOjpdhu;. nrhy;iyf; nfhz;L KbT ngWfpwJ.
,dpa gazk; 472) “vLj;J” vd;Dk; nrhy; ------ tpidr;
465) ------> -----> -----> Mfpa %d; W nrhy; MFk;.
fiyQu; f Sk; jk; vOj; J j; KbTngwhj
jpwikahYk; ebg; g hw; w hYk; 473) tpidiaf; nfhz;L KbAk; vr;rk;
ehlfj;jkpo; tsh;rr ; pf;fhf cioj;j ------- vdg;gLk;.
rhd;Nwhu; Mtu;. tpidnar; r k;
ghpjpkhw; fiyQh; > rq; f ujhR 474) tpidnar;rk; ---------- fhyj;ijAk;
Rthkpfs;> gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhu; czh;jJ ; k;.
466) gupjpkhw; fiyQiuj; ------- vd;W %d; W
Nghw;Wth;? 475) “vLj;J te;jhd;” - ,/J ---------
jkpo; ehlfg; Nguhrphpah; tpidnar;rk; MFk;.
467) rq;fujhR Rthkpfisj; ------- vd;Wk; ,we; j fhy
Nghw;Wth;? 476) “vLj;J tUfpd;whd;” vd;gJ -------
jkpo ehlfj; jiyik Mrphpau; --- tpidnar;rk; vdg;gLk;.
468) gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhiuj; ----- vd;W epfo; f hy tpidnar; r k;
ehlf cyfk; Nghw;wp tzq;FfpwJ. 477) “vLj;J tUthd;” ve;j tpidnar;rk;
jkpo; ehlfj; je;ij MFk;.
vjph; f hy
tpidKw;W> nganur;rk;>
478) ml;ltizia epug;Gf:-
tpidnar; r k;
t.vz; tpidKw;W
469) tUfpd;whd;> tUthd; vd nray; nganur;rk; tpidnar;rk;
Kbe;jijf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy;Ny --- 1
-- MFk;. 2
tpidKw; W 3
470) gOj;j vd;Dk; nrhy; ------ vdg;gLk;. 4 gbj;jhd
Kw; W g; n gwhj tpidr; n rhy; ---------------
471) xU ngaiuf; nfhz;L KbAk; fz;lhd;;
Kw;Wg; ngwhj tpidr;nrhy;Ny -- -------------------- ----------
------- MFk;. te;j
nganur; r k; ----------------
Nfl;l gbj;J
te;J
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fz;L 12. khe;jh; --- kf;fs;

--------------------- 13. rhe;JizAk; -- rhFk; tiuapYk;
479) ek; Kd;Ndhh; vg;nghUis vr;nrhy; 14. Vkhg;G - ghJfhg;G
yhy; Fwpj; J toq; f pdhu; f Nsh 15. fhKWth; -- tpUk;Gth;
mg;nghUis mr;nrhy;yhy; 16. tpOr;nry;tk; - rpwe;j nry;tk;
Fwpg;gNj -------- vdg;gLk;. 17. khL - nry;tk;
kuG 485) Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf:
480) kuGr; nrhw;fisg; gad;glj;jhky; 1. ctg;gj; jiyf;$b -------- gphpjy;
NtW nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;JtJ midj;Nj Gyth; njhopy;.
----- vdg;gLk;. tpil: cs;sg;
kuGg;gpio 2. xUikf;fhz; jhd;fw;w ------
481) kuGr; nrhy;Yf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf xUtw;F vOikAk; Vkhg;G cilj;J.
ahidf; f d; W tpil: fy;tp
482) kuGg;gpiof;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf 3. Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk; fy;tp
ahidf; F l; b xUtw;F khly;y kw;iw -------
483) capu;fisg; gypapl Ntz;lhk; tpil: ahit
vd;W kd;du; gpk;gprhuu;fF
; mwpTiu 486) gphpj;J vOJf:
$wpath; ahu;? 1. frlw - frL + mb
nfsjk; Gj;ju; 2. vOj;njd;g - vOe;J + vd;g
3. kzw;Nfzp - kzy; + Nfzp
,ay; VO
4. fw;wwpe;jhu; - fw;W + mwpe;jhH
nra;As; - jpUf;Fws;
5. khly;y - khL + my;y
484) nrhw;nghUs; :- 487) gpd;tUk; nrhw;fisr; nrhw;nwhlhpy;
1. frL -- Fw;wk; mikf;f:
2. epw;f --- fw;wthW elf;f m) vOj;J -
3. vz; -- vz;fs;> fzpjk; M) Kfk; ---
4. vOj;J -- ,yf;fz ,yf;fpaq;fs; ,) Gyth; --
5. ctg;g - kfpo <) mwpT -
6. jiyf;$b - xd;W Nrh;e;J ,tw;wpw;F tpilfhz Kaw;rp nra;f
7. cilahu; -- nry;tk; cilahu;
8. ,y;yhu; -- nry;tk; ,y;yhjtu; Kf;$lw; gs;S
9. Vf;fw;W - ftiyg;gl;L 488) Ckj;jk; g+it tpUk;gpr; #Lk;
10. filau; -- jho;e;jtu; ,iwtd; ahu;?
11. njhl;lidj;J - Njhz;Lk; msT rptngUkhd;
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489) kUJ}hpy; tPw;wpUf;Fk; ,iwtd; 496) jpUney;Ntypf;Fr; rw;W tlfpof;fpy;

ahh;? ---------> ----------> ---------> vd %d;W
rptngUkhd; MWfs; $Lfpd;wd?
490) kUJ}hpy; cs;s kf;fs; nra;Ak; jz;nghUie> rpw;whW>
njhopy; vJ? Nfhjz;luhk MW
cNyhfj; njhopy; 497) %d;W MWfs; $Lk; ,lj;jpwF ; -------
491)nrhw; n ghUs; jUf: vd;W ngah;?
1.jj;Jk; Gdy; -- miynawpAk; ePUk; Kf; $ ly;
2. Kj;jk; milf;Fk; - Kj;Jfs; 498) K f ; $ l Y f ; F - - - - - - v d ; D k ;
kpf;Fg; ngUfp ,ilNa milj;Jf; ngaUKz;L.
nfhz;L fplf;Fk; M#h; tlfiu ehL
3. fypgG ; Ntiy - fUkhu;> nfhy;yu;> 499) Kf;$lYf;Fj; njd;ghy; cs;s
jl; l hu; KjypNahu; nra; A k; gFjp ------- vd toq;fg; ngWfpd;wJ.
njhopy;fs; rPtykq;ifj; njd;fiuehL
4. rpj;uk; -- rpwg;ghd fhl;rpfs; 500) ,U kidtpfs; kze;J jpz;lhLk;
5. kNjhd; kj;jh; -- ngUk;gpjj
; dhfpa gs; s dpd; tho; f ; i f tsj; i j
rptngUkhd; tbj;Jiug;gJ Nghyg; ghlg;gl;l
492) Kf; $ lw; g s; S vd; D k; E}iy E}y; vJ?
ehlfg; ghq;fpy; mikj;J ,aw;wpath; Kf; $ lw; g s; S
ahh;? 501) mf;fhy kf;fspd; coTj;njhopy;>
vd; d apdhg; Gyth; fhisfspd; gy;NtW ngah;fs;>
493) Kf;$lw;gs;S ---------- mike;j tpijfspd; ngah;fs;> kPd; tiffs;
ghf;fisf; nfhz;l E}y; MFk;. vd kUj epytsk; gw;wp mwpa
re; j eak; cjTk; E}y; vJ?
494) eP h ; epiwe; j gs; s khd Nrw; W Kf; $ lw; g s; S
epyj;jpy; coTj; njhopy; nra;J 502). xd;gJ kzpfs;
thOk; ghku kf;fshfpa gs;su; Kj;J> gtsk;> kufjk;> khzpf;fk;>
fspd; tho;fi ; fiar; rpj;jhpj;Jf; Gl; g uhfk; > ,uj; j pdk; > ituk; >
$Wtjhf mike;j E}y; vJ? it^hpak;> NfhNkjk;
gs; S ,aw; i f Ntshz; i k
495) tha;ff ; hy; ePiu milj;jJ vJ? (ciueil)
Kj; J fs;
54

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503) Ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;fofk; vq;F 510) cOjy;> tpijj;jy;> njhO cukpLjy;>

cs;sJ? ePh; gha;r;Rjy;> fis vLj;jy;>
Nfhit fhj;jy; Kjypait ---------- $Wfs;
504) Nfhitapy; eilngWk; Ntshz;ikg; MFk;.
gy; f iyf; f of fz; f hl; r pf; F r; ,aw;if Ntshz;ikf;
nry;y KFe;jDld; ahh; 511) ts;Sth; epyj;ij vg;gb co Ntz;Lk;
tUtjhff; $wpAs;shh;? vd;W jkJ Fwspy; $Wfpwhh;?
fay; t pop mfy cOtijtpl Mo cOjy;
505) Ntshz;ikg; gy;fiyf;foj;jpy; ed; W
ahUila khkh neLkhwd; Nguhrphpa 512) epyj;jpd; ,Utiffs; vd;d?
uhfg; gzpahw;wp tUfpwhh;? ed; n ra; > Gd; n ra;
Ntyd; 513) ed;nra; epyk; ------- tskpf;fJ.
506) KFe;jd;> Ntyd;> fay;tpop Mfpa eP u ;
%tUk; ---- nrd; W Ntshz; 514) ePut; sk; Fiwe;j gFjp vJ?
fz;fhl;rpiag; ghu;jJ ; kfpof; pdw
; dh;? Gd; n ra;
Nfhitf; F r; 515) Gd;nra; epyj;ij ------ vd ek;
507) Ntshz;ikj; Jiwapy; nraw;if Ntshz; kf;fs; $Wth;?
cuq;fs; g+rr; pfn
; fhy;yp kUe;Jfisg; thdk; ghh;j;j g+kp
gad;gLj;Jtjhy; ------> ---------> ----- 516) ney; > fUk; G > thio Kjyhd
---- Kjypa tho; t hjhuq; f s; gaph;fs; ----------- epyj;jpy; tpisAk;?
nghpJk; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ed; n ra;
epyk;> ePu;> fhw;W> Mfhak; 517) Gd;nra; epyj;jpy; tpisAk; gaph;fs;
508) ----- vd;Dk; KJnkhopia ek; vJ?
Ntshz; ngUkf; f s; gpd; g w; w fk;G> Nfo;tuF> jpid> tuF>
Ntz;Lk;. rhik> Jtiu> nfhs;S> fhuhkzp
tUKd; fhg;Nghk; 518) gUtj;Nj gaph; nra;> Mbg;gl;lk;
509) ,aw;if Ntshz;ik rhd;wspg;Gf; Njb ------ vd;gJ gonkhop.
Fwpj;J ahh; Ntyd;> KFe;jd;> tpij
fay; t pop ,k; % tUf; F k; Gjpa
fUj;Jfisf; $wpdhh;?
Ntshz; mYtyh; rpth
55

www.kalvisolai.com
519) ve; n je; j g; gapu; f ; F vt; t sT 525) gaphpYk; Ntz;lhj Gy; g+z;Lfs;
,ilntsp Ntz; L k; vd; g ijf; tsUk;. mij coth;fs; fise;J
$Wf: tpLth;. mjw;Ff; --------- vd;W ngah;.
gaph; f s; ,ilntsp fisnaLj; j y;
ney;Yf;F ez;Nlhl 526) fhg;G vd;why; vd;d?
fUk;Gf;F VNuhl fhj; j y;
thiof;F tz;bNahl 527) ek; Kd;Ndhh;fs; Nfl;fhj flDk;
njd;idf;Fj; NjNuhl ghh;f;fhj gapUk; ------ vd;gh;.
520) ek; Kd;Ndhh;fs; --------- cuq;fisNa gho;
gad;gLj;jpj; jukhd tpisr;riyf; 528) ----------- kUe;J: ----------- czT vd;gJ
fz;ldh;. KJnkhopahFk;.
njhO czNt> kUe;Nj
521) ,iy jiofs;> Ml;LvU> khl;L 529) Ntshz;njhopypy; cs;s $Wfs;
vU> fliyg; gpz;zhf;F> Ntg;gk; vj;jid?
gpz;zhf;F> ,Yg;gk; gpz;zhf;F ,uz; L
vdg; gy -------- cuq;fs; MFk;. 530) nghUj;Jf:-
,aw; i f 1. ney; -- m. tz;bNahl
522) nraw;if cuk;> g+r;rp - g+Q;rhzf; 2. fUk;G - M. ez;Nlhl
nfhy;yp kUe;Jfisg; gapu;fSf;Fg; 3. thio -- ,. NjNuhl
gad;gLj;jhky; czT cw;gj;jp 4. njd;id -- <. VNuhl
nra;tJ -------------- MFk;. tpil:
mq;ff Ntshz;ik 1.M> 2.<> 3.m> 4.,
523) gQ;r ft;tpak; vjdplk; ,Ue;J epiyj;j nry;tk;
fpilf;Fk; Ie;J nghUs;fs; MFk;? fy;tpr; nry;tk;
mit ahit? (Jizg; g hlk; )
gRtplkpUe; J
mit: 531) eif tzpfh; vijr; rpwe;j nry;tk;
Nfhkak;> rhzk;> ghy;> japu;> nea; vdf; $wpdhh;?
524) rzg;G> mThp> nfhSQ;rp> jf;ifg; jq;fk;> ituk;
g+z;L Kjypad ------ cuk; MFk;. 532) Gyth; vijr; rpwe;j nry;tk; vdf;
jio $wpdhh;
fy;tpr; nry;tk;
56

www.kalvisolai.com
533) fy;tpr; nry;tj;ij ahuhYk; ---- 541) ,ay;ghd ngah; (vOtha;) gadp
nra; a KbahJ vdg; Gyth; iyiaf; nfhz;L KbtJ ----------
$wpdhh;? vdTk;> ----------- vdTk; toq;fg;gLk;.
fsthl Kjy; Ntw;Wik> vOtha;
534) jpUlh;fs; eiffis ahUf;Fg; Ntw; W ik
ghprhfj; je;jdh;? 542) vOtha; Ntw;Wikf;F vdj; --------
Gyth; f ; F ,y;iy.
535) jpUlh;fis vt;thW rk;ghjpf;f jdp cUG
Ntz;Lk; vd Gyth; $wpdhh;? 543) ---------- cUG I vd;gjhFk;.
cioj; J ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik
536) tzpfh; ve;jr; nry;tk; epiyj;j 544) ngah; r ; n rhy; y pdJ nghUisr;
nry;tk; vdf; $wpdhh;? nrag;gL nghUshf NtWgLj;JtJ
fy;tpr; nry;tk; ---------- MFk;.
,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik
Ntw; W ik> milnkhop
(v.fh)
537) n g a h ; r ; n r h y ; y p d ; n g h U i s 1. tstd; nra;Aisg; gbj;jhd;.
NtWgLj;JtJ> -------- vdg;gLk;. 545) My;> Md;> xL> XL> cld; Mfpad
Ntw; W ik ---------- cUGfs; MFk;.
538) ngah;rn; rhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; mike;J %d;whk; Ntw;Wik
nghUs; NtWghl; i lr; nra; A k; (v.fh)
cUGfis ------- vd;gh;. 1. ehw;fhyp jr;rdhy; nra;ag;gl;lJ.
Ntw;Wik cUGfs; 2. J}q;Fifahd; Xq;Feil
539) ngaiu NtWgLj; j pf; fhl; L k; 546) ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wik cUG --------
cUGfs; ------ vdg;gLk;. MFk;.
Ntw; W ik F
(v.fh) 1. ,uhkd; fz;lhd; (v.fh) ee;jpdpf;Fg; ghpR toq;fpdhh;.
2. ,uhkidf; fz;lhd; 547) Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wik cUGfs; ------->
540) Fwpg;G: -------------> vd;gd MFk;.
Kjy; Ntw; W ik> ,uz; l hk; ,y;> ,d;
Ntw;Wik> %d;whk; Ntw;Wik> (v.fh) nfhilapy; rpwe;jth; ghup
ehd; f hk; Ntw; W ik> Ie; j hk; 548) nrhw;fSld; ,y;> ,d; vd;Dk;
Ntw;Wik> Mwhk; Ntw;Wik> Vohk; cUGfs; Nrh;e;J nghUis
Ntw;Wik> vl;lhk; Ntw;Wik vd NtWgLj;JtJ ---------- vdg;gLk;.
vz; tifg;gLk;. Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wik
57

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549) Mwhk; Ntw;Wik cUG ----------- 557) ntz;ik vd;Dk; nrhy; epyTf;f
MFk;. ------------- ahf te;Js;sJ.
mJ Milahf
(v.fh) ,uhkdJ tPL 558) nghUs; f is ,dk; g phpj; j wpa
550) ngah;r;nrhw;fSld; mJ vd;Dk; cjTk; milnkhopfs; ---------------
Ntw;Wik cUG Nrh;eJ ; nghUis vdg;gLk;.
NtWgLj;JtJ ----------- vdg;gLk;. ,dKs; s milnkhop
Mwhk; Ntw;Wik 559) ntz;zpyT> fUq;fhf;if> nrq;
551) Vohk; Ntw;Wikf;Fk; -----------> ------ fjpNuhd; ,tw;Wf;nfy;yhk; ,dkhff;
-------> ------------------> vd;gd cUGfshk;. $w Ntz; L khdhy; fUepyT>
fz;> cs;> Nky;> fPo; ntz;fhf;if> fUq;fjpNuhd; vdf;
(v.fh) $wNtz; L k; . mt; t hW xd; W
1. ngl;bf;Fs; gzk; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,y;yhjjhy; ,it Nghd;wtw;iw
2. $iuapd; Nky; Nrty; cs;sJ. ----------- vdf; $Wth;.
552) vl; l hk; Ntw; W ikf; F ----------- ,dkpy; y h milnkhopfs;
,y;iy. 560)
cUG gpw nkhopr; n rhy; jkpo;r; nrhy;
553) vl;lhk; Ntw;Wikia NtW vt;thW mDkjp ,irT
miog;gh;? Mjtd; flTs;
tpsp Ntw;Wik Muk;gk; njhlf;fk;
554) fe;jd; vd;Dk; nrhy;ypy; ,Wjp M];jp nrhj;J
(d;) vOj;jhdJ nfl;L> mjd; ,k;ir Jd;gk;
may; vOj;J (j - jh - vd) ,Ujak; neQ;rfk;
eP z ; L mioj; j w; nghUisj; <rd; ,iwtd;
jUfpwJ. ,t;thW ngah;r;nrhy; cgrhpj;jy; tpUe;Njhk;gy;
rpy khw; w q; f Sld; mioj; j w; cgak; jpUg;gzpahsu;
nghUspy; tUtij --------------- vd;gh;. nfhil
tpsp Ntw;Wik c\hh; vr;rupf;if
555) jpq;fs; vd;why; vd;d nghUs;? vjhh;jj ; k; ,ay;G
epyT> khjk; Ijpfk; cyf tof;F
556) epyit ------ vd;Wk; miog;ghh;fs;? fhfpjk; jhs;
ntz; z pyT fphPlk; kzpKb
FNgud; ngUQ;nry;tk;
58

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561) jkpnoz; $l;liyg; nghUj;J 567) fsgk;> khjq;fk;> Ntok;> gfL>

$l;ly; $Ljy; fk;gkh> ifk;kh Kjypad ----------
1. f + f = m) 10 NtW ngah;fs; MFk;.
2. + U = M) 8 ahidf; F upa
3. c + = ,) 2 568) jdpg; ghly; vd;Dk; E}ypd; Mrphpah;
4. $ + f = <) 5 ahh;?
5. U + = c) 9 me; j ff; f tp tP u uhfth;
tpil: 1-,> 2-c> 3-<> 4-M> 5-m 569) me;jff;ftp tPuuhfth; gpwe;j Cu;
562) Vio khztu;fF ; ez;gfy; ,yta vJ?
czT toq; F k; jpl; l j; i jr; fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s
nray;gLj;jpj; njhlq;fpath; ahh;? g+J}h;
Nt%u; eurpk;ku; 570) me;jff;ftp tPuuhfth; tho;ej; Cu;
563) Nt%u; eurpk;ku; nghUSjtp ngw vJ?
ahiuia mZfpdhh;. nghd; t pise; j fsj; J }h;
kUj;Jt khNkij FUrhkp 571) me;jff;ftp tPuuhfth; ngw;Nwhh;
564) FUrhkp vq;F tUkhW Mrphpah; ngah; vd;d?
Nt%u; eurpk; k iuf; Nfl; L f; je;ijapd; nagh; - tLfehju;
nfhz;lhu;. 572) rPlL
; f;ftp ghLtjpYk; eifr;Rit
rhh; g jpthsu; mYtyfj; j pw; F jJk; g g; ghly; ,aw; W tjpYk;
565) FUrhkp vOk;g+u;f; nfd;dj;Jr; ty;ytu; ahh;?
rhiyapy; jkf; F chpikahf me; j ff; f tp tP u uhfth;
,Ue;j ---------- xd;iwg; gs;spf;Fg; 573) me;jff;ftp tPuuhfth; ,aw;wpa
gj; j puk; vOjpg; gjpT nra; J E}y;fs; vit?
nfhLj;jhu;. re; j puthzd; Nfhit> Nra+u;
khspif KUfd; gps;isj; jkpo;> Nra+u;f;
,ay; vl;L fyk;gfk;> jpUf;fOf;Fd;wg; Guhzk;
nra;As; - jdpg;ghly; 574) jdpg; g hly; ve; j E}ypy; ,lk;
ngw;Ws;sJ.
566) nghUs; jUf: jdpg; g hly; jpul; L
1. fsgk; -- re;jdk; 575) jdpg;ghly; vj;jid Gyth;fshy;
2. khjq;fk; -- nghd; ghlg;ngw;wJ?
3. Ntok; -- fUk;G E}w; W g; g j; J g;
4. gfL - vUJ
5. fk;gkh - fk;g khT
59

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576) jdpg;ghlypy; vj;jid ghly;fs; 583)kf; f spd; gof; f tof; f q; f s; >

njhFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd? gz;ghL> FLk;gk;> njhopyf; s;> nja;t
Mapuj;J E}w;Wg; gjpd;%d;W topghL> jpUtpohf;fs; Kjypatw;iw
577) me; j ff; f tp tP u uhfth; tho; e ; j ve;j E}iyg; gbj;jyd; thapyhf
fhyk; vJ? mwpayhk;.
fp.gp gjpNdohk; E}w; w hz; b d; kiyaUtp
,ilg; g Fjp. 584) Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;gf:
578) gphpj;J vOJf: m) nfhl;b itj;j -------------
1. fsgnkd;Nwd; - fsgk; + vd;Nwd; Kj; N j
2. Ntonkd;Nwd; - NtOk; + vd;Nwd; M) fz;Nz eP fz;nlj;j -----------
3. c%nkd;whs; - cOk; + vd;whs; fhl;Lf; Fapy;
,) Gs;isf; ---------- jPu;f;f te;j
jhyhl;Lg; ghly;
fz;Nz.
579) ---------- vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,e;ehl;Lg; Fiw
ghly; njhFf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ.
kiyaUtp (ehNlhbg; ghly;fs;) jkpofj; j pd;
580) kiyaUtp vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,Ue;J md;dpngrz;l;
,g;ghliyj; njhFj;jspj;jth; ahu;? 585) ngz; z pw; ngUe; j f; f
fp.th. [fe;ehjd; ahTs vd;w ts;Sth; $w;Wf;F
581) kiyaUtp (ehNlhbg; ghly;fs;) xg;ghf gy rhjidfs; Ghpe;jth;
vd;Dk; E}ypy; njk;khq;F> jq;f ahh;?
uj;jpdNk> uhrhj;jp> Mz; ngz; %tY}u; ,uhkhkp;jk; mk;ikahh;.
jh;ff ; k;> njhopyhsh; ghl;L> fs;sd; 586) mwpQh; mz; z h mth; f shy;
ghl;L> FLk;gk;> jhyhl;L> rpWth; ,uhkhkph;jk; mk;ikahh; ----------
cyfk;> Gyk;gy;> Fk;kp> nja;tk;> vdg; Gfog;gl;lhu;?
gy fjk; g k; vdg; --------------- jkpofj;jpd; md;dpngrz;l;
jiyg;Gfspy; ghly;fs; njhFf;fg; 587) md;dpngrz;l; mk;ikahh; ----------
ngw;Ws;sd. Mz;L gpwe;jhu;.
gjpd; %d;W fp.gp 1883 Mk;
582) jhyhl;L ghly; ----------- vd;Dk; 588) md;dpngrz;l; mk;ikahu; ve;j
gFjpapypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kugpy; gpwe;jth;?
jhyhl; L Njtjhrp
60

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589) ,uhkhkphj ; k; mk;ikahhpd; je;ijapd; 597) fhe;jpabfs; ifJ nra;ag;gl;ljhy;

ngah; vd;d? rpdk; nfhz;l mk;ikahh; --------
fpU\; z rhkp Milahf mzpe;J nfhz;lhh;.
590) Njtjhrpf; Fbapy; gpwe;j ngz;fSf;F %tz;zf; nfhbia
-----------> ----------------> chpadthFk;. 598) md;dpngrz;l; mk;ikahh; ve;j
MlYk;> ghlYk; Milia Cu; Cuhff; nfhz;L
591) Ie;J taJ kfshd ,uhkhkph;jk; nrd;W tpw;whu;.
mk;ikahiu mtuJ jha; vj;jid fjh;
&gha;f;Fj; Njtjhrp xUj;jpaplk; 599) fhe;jpabfspd; fl;lisia Vw;W
tpw;whh;? md;dpngrz;l; mk;ikahh; jhk;
gj; J ,Ue;j Xl;LtPl;il tpLj;Jf; -------
592) tsh;g;Gj;jha; ----------- taJila mikj;J tho;ej ; hh;.
KjpatUf;F md;dpngrz;l Fby; (Fbir)
mk;ikahiuj; jpUkzk; Kbf;fj; 600) md;dpngrz;l; mk;ikahh; Fbypd;
jpl;lkpl;lhh;. ntspapy; tpag;g+l;Lk; tpsk;gug;
mWgJ gyifapy; ----------- vd vOjg;gl;L
593) md;dpngrz;l mk;ikahhpd; fzth; ,Ue;jJ.
ahh;? fjh; mzpej ; th;fs;> cs;Ns tuTk;
mk;ikahUf;F ,irAk;> ehl;baKk; 601) %tY}h; mk;ikahNuhL ,ize;J
fw;Wj; fe;j Rak;G vd;gtiu Njtjhrp Kiwia xopg;gjw;fhf
kze;jhh;. ghLgl;lth;fs; ahh;?
594) 1917 Mk; Mz;L vq;Fj; jkJ nghpahu; > jpU.tp.f> tujuhRY>
Kjy; Nghuhl;lj;ijj; md;dpngrz;l; jUkhk;ghs;> ePyhk;gpif> kyh;Kfj;
mk;ikahh; njhlq;fpdhh;? jk; i kahu; > jhkiuf; fz; z p
kapyhLJiwapy; ak;ikahh; KjyhNdhh;.
595) md;dpngrz;l; mk;ikahh; ve;j 602) %tY}h; mk;ikahh; -------- jpUkzq;
Kiwia xopgg ; jw;fhfg; ghLgl;lth;? fis Mjhpj;jhh;.
Njtjhrp Rakhpahijj;
596) fhe; j pabfs; ---------- khehl; b y; 603) 1938 Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w nkhopg;
fye;J nfhz;L ,e;jpah jpUk;gpdhh;. Nghh; Nguzpapy; ---------- Kjy; ----
,uz; l htJ tl; l Nkir --------- tiu eilg; gazk;
Nkw;nfhz;lhh;.
ciwa+h; (jpUr;rp) Kjy; nrd;id
61

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604) ciwa+h; Kjy; nrd;id tiu -- nrhy;ypd; vOj;J NtWgl;lhYk;

------------ ehs; > -------------- iky; nghUs; khWglhJ ,Ug;gijg; ---
eilg;gazk; Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. -------- vd;gh;.
ehw;gj;jpuz;L> Ie;E}w;W vOgj;NjO Nghyp
605) nkhopg;Nghu; Nguzpapy; ciwa+u; 612) xU nrhy;ypy>; KjypYs;s vOj;Njh
Kjy; nrd; i d tiu eilg; ,ilapy; cs;s vOj;Njh
gazj; j pd; NghJ vj; j idf; khWgl;lhYk; nghUs; khWglhJ
nghJf; $l;lq;fspy; ciuahw;wpdhu;. ,Ug;gpd; mJ ------- vdg;gLk;.
vz; g j; N jO Nghyp
606) md;dpngrz;l; mk;ikahh; ----------- 613) Nghyp vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit
ghLgl;l tpbnts;spahfj; jpfo;ej ; hh;? ahit?
ngz; chpikf;Fg; %d; W
607) nghJ tho; t py; md; d pngrz; l ; mit:
mk;ikahh; vj;jid Mz;Lfs; 1. Kjw;Nghyp 2. ,ilg; Nghyp
gzpahw;wpdhh;? 3. ,Wjpg; Nghyp
50 614) ,Wjpg; Nghypiaf; -------- vdTk;
608) md; d pngrz; l ; mk; i kahhpd; $Wth;.
kiwT vg;NghJ? filg; N ghyp
vz;gjhk; tajpy; 27.06.1962 615) xU nrhy; y pd; KjnyOj; J
609) %tY}h; mk;ikahhpd; epiditg; khwpdhYk; nghUs; khWglhJ
Nghw;Wk; tifapy; mtuJ ngauhy; tUtJ ----------- vdg;gLk;.
Viog; ngz;fSf;fhd jpUkz Kjw; Nghyp
cjtpj; jpll ; j;jpid --------------- Mz;L (v.fh)
Kjy; jkpof muR toq;fp tUfpwJ. 1. kQ;R - ikQ;R
1989 Mk; 2. kay; -- ikay;
610) mk;ikahh; Kjy; Nghuhl;lj;ijj; 616) xU nrhy; y pd; ,ilnaOj; J
njhlq;fpa Mz;l vJ? khwpdhYk; nghUs; khWglhJ
1917 ,Ug;gJ ----------- vdg;gLk;.
,ilg; Nghyp
%tifg; Nghypfs;
(v.fh)
611) “mfk;” Kfk; vd;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf 1. KuR - KiuR
mfd; Kfd; vd vOjpdhYk; 2. murpay; -- miurpay;
nghUs; khWghlJ. ,t;thW xU
62

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617) xU nrhy;ypy; <w;nwOj;J khwpdhYk; ,ay; xd;gJ

nghUs; khWglhJ ,Ug;gJ -------- nra;As; - mk;khid
----- vd;gh;. 621) tPud;neL nts;Nty; tpay;nre;jpy;
,Wjpg;Nghyp (filg; Nghyp) vk;ngUkhd; vd;w ghlypd; Mrphpah;
(v.fh) ahu;?
1. mwk; --- mwd; Rthkpehj Njrpfh;
2. ge;jy; -- ge;ju;
622) mk;khid vd;d tpisahl;L?
618) mQ;R &gha; ,jpy; mQ;R vd;Dk;
xUtiff; fha; tpisahl;L
nrhy;ypy; cs;s midj;J vOj;J
623) Mrphpah; Fwpg;G:-
fSk; khwpAs; s d. ,Ug; g pDk;
jpUr;nre;jpw; fyk;gfk; vd;Dk;
nghUs; khwtpy;iy. vdNt ,J
,e; E }iy ,aw; w path; <rhd
-------------- vdg;gLk;.
Njrpfh; vd;Dk; Rthkp ehj Njrpfh;
Kw;Wg; Nghyp
Mthh; . <rhd NjrpfH vd; g J
619) Fwpg; G :
mtuJ rpwg;Gg; ngauhFk;. jhz;lt
ek; khh;ff ; j;jpd; khR Jilj;jpl
%h; j ; j p vd; g hh; f ; F kfdhfg;
te;j kfdhh;.
gpwe;jhh;. ,th; kapNyWk; ngUkhs;
mth; tpLjiy tPuh;. ek; ehl;L
vd;ghhplk; fy;tp fw;whh;. ,th;
mbikj; jisfis cilj;njwpej ;
jpUthtLJiw QhdNjrpfuhfpa
mQ;rh neQ;rpdh;. mth; Ntjhe;jp:
mk; g ythz Njrpf%h; j ; j pf; F j;
gioa jj;Jtq;fs; gytw;wpw;Fg;
njhz;luha; ,Ue;jhh;. Vwj;jho
Gjpa tpsf; f k; je; j th; . mth;
E}w;iwk;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G
fhyj;jpd; rpd;dk; Xh; vOr;rpapd;
tho;e;jth;.
milahsk;. kfhj;kh kWkyh;rr ; papd; 624) E}y; Fwpg;G:-
cUtk;. jpUr;nre;jpw; fyk;gfk; vd;Dk;
nkhopj;jpwd; gapw;rp ,e;E}y; njhz;Z}w;whW rpww ; pyf;fp
620) Kf;fdp vd;Dk; njhifr; nrhy; aq;fSs; xd;W. fyk;gfk; = fyk;
+ gfk; vdg; g phpAk; . fyk; -
vij Fwpf;Fk;?
gd;dpuz;L: gfk; -- MW. Mfg;
kh> gyh> thio Mfpa %d;iwAk;.
gjpndl;L cWg;Gfisf; nfhz;lJ.
NkYk; gy;tifahd gh tiffSk;
fye;jpUj;jyhy; ,e;E}y; fyk;gfk;
vdTk; ngah; ngw;wJ. gjpndz;
cWg;Gfspy; xd;whfpa mk;khid
63

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vd;Dk; gFjp <z;Lg; ghlg;gFjpahf jiytd; rPtfd;. mtd; ngaiu

,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. ,izj;Jr; rPtfrpe;jhkzp vdg;
625) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;f: ngah; ngw;wJ vd;gh;. ,e;E}Yf;F
1. mk; k hid vd; g J ----------- kzE}y; vd;Dk; NtW ngaUk;
tpisahLk; tpisahl;L . cz;L.
ngz; f s; jkpof
2. mk;khidg; ghlypy; Nghw;wg;gLk;
tpisahl;Lfs;
nja;tk;.
(ciueil)
KUfd;
3. KUfdhy; rpiwapyplg;gl;lth; 631) Xb tpisahL ghg;gh vd;w ghliy
ehd; K fd; ghbath; ahh;?
rP t frpe; j hkzp ghujpahH
632) kfsph; tpisahl;Lfs; vd;gJ?
626) t P o ; e ; J n t z ; k i o j t O k ;
mf tpisahl; L fs;
tpz;ZW ---- rPtfrpe;jhkzp vd;w
633) Mlth; tpisahl;Lfs; vd;gJ?
ghliyg; ghbath; ahh;?
Gw tpisahl; L fs;
jpUj;jf;f Njth; 634) tpisahl;L ve;j mbg;gilapy;
627) jpUj;jf;f Njth; ,aw;wpa rPtf gy;NtW tifapdthf mikfpdw ; d?
rpe;jhkzp ghly; ve;jf; fhl;rpahf ghy; mbg; g ilapYk; > jd; i k
,Uf;fpwJ. mbg; g ilapYk;
xU ehlfk; elg;gJ Nghy; 635) rpWth; tpisahLk; tpisahl;L?
628) nrhw;nghUs;: gk;guk;> fpspjj; l;L> cg;G tpisahl;L>
1. tpz; -- thdk; fs;sd; fhtyd;> Nfhyp> fplb ; g;Gs;>
2. tiu - kiy fhw; w hb> ge; J tpisahl; L >
3. KoT - kj;jsk; xw;iwah ,ul;ilah> ePrr ; y;.
4. kJfuk; -- Njd; cz;Zk; tz;L 636) rpWkpah; tpisahLk; tpisahl;L?
629) Mrphpah; Fwpg;G: G+gg
; wpjj; y;> fufutz;b> jl;lhq;fy;>
jpUj;jf;f Njth; Nrhoh; Fyj;jpy; gy;yhq;Fop> CQ;ry;> jhak;
gpwe;jth;. ,th; rkz rkaj;ijr; 637) Nghl;b Ml;lq;fshf tpisahL
rhh;ej ; th;. ,th; ghba kw;nwhU git?
E}y; ehptpUj;jk; MFk;. rLFL (fgb)> kl; i lg; g e; J >
630) E}y; Fwpg;G: fhy; g e; J > ifg; g e; J > vwpge; J >
Ik;ngU fhg;gpaq;fSs; xd;W ,wFg;ge;J> Xl;lk;> jiljhz;b
rPtfrpe;jhkzp. ,e;E}y; fijf; Xl; l k; .
64

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638) tPutpisahl;Lfspy; ngUtpUg;g ez; g d;

Kilath; ahh;? (Jizg; g hlk; )
goe; j kpoh; 646) Fwpg; G :
639) g i o i k t h a ; e ; j M l t h ; Xtpah; uhk;fp> khpahij uhkd;
tpisahl;Lfs;: fijfs; fijj;njhFg;gpypUe;J
kw;Nghhply;> VWjOTjy;> vLj;jhsg;gl;lJ.
Ntl; i lahLjy; > %o; f p kzy;
vLj; j y; . ,yf; f zk;
640) gz;ila ehspy; ngz;fs; ve;j nrhy; --- gfhg;gjk;> gFgjk;
tpisahl;Lfspy; ,dpNj nghOJ 647) XNuOj; J j; jdpj; J epd; W k; >
Nghf;fpdhh;fs;. xd; W f; F Nkw; g l; l vOj; J fs;
tl;lhLjy;> foq;F> mk;khid> njhlh;e;J epd;Wk; nghUs; je;jhy;
ge;jhLjy;> CQ;ry;> XiuahLjy;. mJ ---------- vdg;gLk;.
641) kJiuapy; jpUkiy ehaf;fh; fl;ba nrhy;
kz;lgk; vd;gJ? 648) vz;fis tifg;gLj;Jjy;:-
jKf;fk; kz;lgk; gF vz;> gfh vz;
642) Nrho ehl;bd; gioa jiyefukhd 649) gjk; vd;whYk; --------- vd;whYk;
cwe; i ja+hpy; tP u f; N fhopfs; xd;Nw.
rpwe;jpUe;jikahy; ------------- vd;Dk; nrhy;
ngaUk; mjw;fike;jJ. 650) Fwpg;G:-
Nfhopa+h; nkhop> fpstp vd;gd mjd;
643) jkpohpd; jw;fhg;Gf; fiy tpisahl;L NtW ngah;fs;.
fspy; xd;whf tsh;e;J tUtJ 651) XnuOj; j hdJ jdpj; J epd; W
vJ? nghUs; je;jhy; m/J -------------
rpyk; g hl; l k; vdg;gLk;.
644) Ky;iy epyj;jpy; ---------- vd;Dk; XnuOj;J xU nkhop
tPu tpisahl;L eilngw;wJ. 652) vOj;Jfs; gy njhlh;e;J epd;W
VWjOTjy; nghUs; je;jhy;.
645) tpisahl;L tPuh;fSf;Fg; muR vOj;Jj; njhlh; nkhop
Kd;Dhpik vij mspf;fpd;wJ. 653) gFj;jy; vd;gjpd; nghUs;
ghpRfSk;> rhd;wpjo;fSk;> fy;tp> gphpj; j y;
Ntiytha; g ; G
65

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654) gfh vd;gjpd; nghUs; --- gphpf;f 2. nra;jpj; njhlh; -- ehs;NjhWk;

,ayhjJ. clw;gapw;rp nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
655) ngah;gg ; fhg;gjq;fspd; (v.fh) 3. tpdhj; njhlh; -- cd; ,Ug;gplk;
kz;> fy;> nghd;. vq;Fs;sJ?
656) tpidg; gfhg;gjq;fspd; (v.fh) 4. vd;Nd> ,e;j Xtpaj;jpd; moF
el> th> Ngh> nra;> epy;. czh;rr ; pj; njhlh;
657) gFf;f ,aYk; nrhw;fisg; --------
,ay; gj;J
vd;gh;.
nra;As; - vq;fs; jkpo;
gFgjk;
658) gFf;f ,aYk; cWg;Gfspd; ngah;fs;? 665) ,dpikj; jkpo;nkhop ----- vdj;
gFjp> tpFjp> ,ilepiy> re;jp> njhlq;Fk; vq;fs; jkpo; ghliyg;
rhhpia> tpfhuk; . ghbath; ahh;?
659) kdpjd; ehfhpfk; miltjw;F Kjw; ghujpjhrd;
fUtpahf tpsq;FtJ vJ? 666) nrhw;nghUs;:
nkhopNa 1. fjp - Jiz
660) nrhw;nwhlh; tiffs;: 2. NgW - nry;tk;
nra; j pj; n jhlh; > tpdhj; n jhlh; > 3. edp - kpFjp (kpf;f)
fl;lisj; njhlh;> czh;rr; pj; njhlh;. 4. juk; - jFjp
661) cyfj;jkpo;r; nrk;nkhop khehL 5. Gtp - cyfk;
vq;F eilngw;wJ? 667) ,dpik> ,d;gk;> mKJ> fdpr;
Nfhit rhnwdj; jpfl;Lk; Ritkpf;fJ vJ?
662) tyf;if jUtJ ,lf;iff;Fj; jkpo;
njhpaf; $lhJ vd; W (v.fh) 668) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G :
tho;e;jth; ahh;? ,aw;ngah; - fdf Rg;Guj;jpdk;
K.tujuhrdhh; . (ghujpahh; kPJ nfhz;l gw;wpdhy;
663) ,ay;tJ fuNty; ghujpjhrd; vd khw;wp mikj;Jf;
<tJ tpyf;Nfy; vd;W njhlq;Fk; nfhz;lhh;.)'
ghliyg; ghbath; ahh;? ngw;Nwhh; -- fdfrig - ,yf;Fkpak;khs;
xsitahh; . fy;tp - jkpo;> gpnuQ;rp> Mq;fpyk;
664) nrhw;nwhlh; njhlh;: Mfpatw;wpy; Gyik kpf;fth;.
1. fl;lisj; njhlh; --- ehs; ,aw;wpait - FLk;g tpsf;F>
NjhWk; clw;gapw;rp nra; ghz;bad; ghpR> Nru jhz;ltk;>
,Uz;l tPL> jkpor;rpapd; fj;jp>
66

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gprpuhe;ijahh;> FwpQ;rpj; jpl;L> je;ij ngah; -- Mjpj;jd;

mofpd; rphpg; G > jkpopaf; f k; Nghw;wpath; -- rilag;g ts;sy;
Kjypad. ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; -- fk;guhkhazk;>
fhyk; -- 29.04.1891 --- 21.04.1964 rlNfhgue;jhjp> VnuOgJ> ruRtjp
669) E}y; Fwpg;G: me;jhjp> jpUf;if tof;fk;
,g;ghly; ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs; rpwg;G -- fy;tpapy; nghpah; fk;gh;>
ftpijj; njhFjpapy; vq; f s; fk;gd; tPlL
; f; fl;Lj;jwpAk; ftpghLk;
jkpo; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; ,lk; fhyk; -- gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;L
ngw; W s; s J. Xtpaf; f iy (ciueil)
670) epug;Gf:
1. jkpo; vq;fs; ------------- 674) fhz;gtiuf; fth;ej ; pOj;J cs;sq;
capnud;gjhNy. fisj; jd;tag;gLj;Jk; cah;ej ;
2. ,d; g j; jkpOf; F ehSk; fiy vJ?
nra;Nthk; ey;y --------- Xtpaf; f iy
njhz; L nra; N thk; 675) jkpoh; tsh;j;j Ez;fiyfspd;
thpirapy; -------------- Kd;dzpapy;
cotpd; rpwg;G - fk;gu; epw;fpwJ.
671) Nkop gpbf; F k; if --- vdj; Xtpaf; f iy
njhlq;Fk; cotpd; rpwg;G vd;w 676) ve;j Mz;L Kw;gl;l fhyj;jpd;
ghlypd; Mrphpah; ahh;? ,df; FOf;fshf tho;e;jdh;.
fk; g h; fp.K 2000
672) nrhw;nghUs;: 677) jkpofj;jpy; vj;jid ,lq;fspy;
1. Nkop --- fyg;ig> Vu; Fif Xtpaq;fs; fz;Lg;gpbf;fg;
2. Nte;jh; -- kd;dh; gl;Ls;sd?
3. Mop - Nkhjpuk; ,Ugj; i je; j pw; F k; Nkw; g l; l
4. #o;tpid - cz;lhFk; tWikj; ,lq;fs; (khd;> Nghh; nra;jy;>
Jd;gk; tpyq; F Ntl; i l)
5. fhuhsh; -- Nkfj;ij MSfpd;wth; 678) jkpo; ehl;by; rq;f fhyj;jpw;F
fshfpa coth;. Kd;dNu ------------- tiuag;gl;ld.
673) Mrphpah; Fwpg;G: Xtpaq; f s;
,aw;ngah; -- fk;gh; 679) Xtpaq; f is Kjypy; vt; t hW
gpwe;j Cu; -- NjuOe;J}h;> kapyhL toq;fpAs;sdh;?
Jiwf;F mz;ikapy; cs;sJ. fz; n zOj; J
67

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680) jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ---------------- vOJNthuhjypd; ------- vdg;

vd;gjw;F Xtpak; vdg;gLk;. Gfo;g;ngw;whh;.
vOj; J fz;Zs; tpidQh;
681) v e ; j n k h o p a p y ; v O j ; J f s ; 689) Xtpa E}ypd; EZf;fj;ij ed;F
cUtq;fshf cs;sd? fw;Wg; Gyik ngw;w Mrphpah; -----
rP d nkhopapy; -------- vdg; Nghw;wg;gl;lhh;.
682) Xtpak; tiujw;F vJ mbg;gilahFk;? Xtpag; G ytd;
Neh;NfhL> Nfhzf;NfhL> 690) Xtpaf; fiyQh; FOit vt;thW
tisNfhL. mioj;jdh;.
683) Neh;NfhL> Nfhzf;NfhL> tisNfhL Xtpa khf;fs;
vd; W tiuag; g Lgit ----------- 691) Mz; Xtpah; ---------------- vdTk;>
vdg;gLk;. ngz; Xtpah; ----------- vdTk; ngah;
Nfhl; N lhtpaq; f s; ngw;wpUe;jdh;.
684) mt; t iuNfhLfs; Nky; vd; d rpj; j puhq; f jd; > rpj; j puNrdh.
tz;zq;fs; g+r> mofpa xtpaq;fs; 692) Xtpaf; fiyf;nfd ve;j E}y;fs;
cUntLf;Fk;? ,Ue;jd?
rptg;G> fWg;G> kQ;rs;> ePyk; jdp ,yf;fz E}y;fs;
685) njhy; f hg; g pak; ---------- gw; w pf; 693) gy; t iff; fUtpfis vjw; F
$WfpwJ. gad;gLj;jpdh;?
eLfy; tzf;fk; gy;tiff; fhl;rpfs;> cUtq;fs;
686) Xtpaf;fiy vd;d ngah;fshy; tiua
toq;fg; ngw;wJ? 694) tz;zq;fs; Fog;Gk; gyiff;F -
XT> Xtk;> Xtpak;> rpj;jpuk;> glk;> ------------ vdg; ngahpl;LUe;jdh;.
glhk;> tl;bifr; nra;jp. tl;bifg; gyif
687) Xtpaf;fiyQh; vt;thW miof;fg; 695) mf;fhyj;jpy; Xtpaq;fs; tiutjw;
gl;lhh;? nfd;W jdp ,lq;fs; ,Ue;jd.
Xtpah;> Xtpag;Gytd;> fz;Zs; mit ahit?
tpidQd;> rpj;jpufhuh;> tpj;jf rpj;jpuf;$lk;> rpj;jpukhlk;> vOJ
tpidQd; > tpj; j fh; > fpstp epiy kz;lgk;> vOnjopy; mk;gyk;.
ty; N yhd; . 696) ,iw eldk; Ghptjw;Nf vd;w rig
688) Xtpah; vz;zq;fspd; vOr;rpiag; xd;iw Vw;gLj;jpAs;sdh;. vJ?
gy tz;zq;fspd; Jiznfhz;L rpj;jpu rig
68

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697) GwehD}w;wpy; ftpQh; Xtpaj;ij 705) ve;j Xtpa E}Yf;F kNfe;jpth;kd;

vt;thW Nghw;Wfpwhh;? ciu vOjpAs;shh;.
Xtj;jida ,lDil tdg;G vd jl; r pzrpj; j puk;
tPlb ; d; moif Xtpaj;jpw;F xg;g 706) jpUee;jpf; fiuapy; ve;jf; fhy
itj;Jf; ftpQh; Nghw;Wfpwhh;. Xtpaq;fs; fpilj;Js;sd?
698) Fwpg;G: Nruh; fhy
Rth; ,Ue; j hy; jhd; rpj; j puk; 707) ve;j E}w;whz;by; mtdpg Nrfu
tiua KbAk;. =ty;ygd; vd;w ghz;ba kd;dd;
699) tz;zq;fythky; fhpj;Jz;Lfshy; fhyj;jpy;> kJiu Mrphpah; ,sk;
tbtk; kl;Lk; tiutijg; -------- nfsjkd; ,t; N thtpaq; f is
vd;wioj;jdh;. tiue;jhh; vd;W fy;ntl;Lr; nra;jp
Gidah Xtpak; mwptpf;fpd;wJ.
700) Xtpaj; j pw; F f; fUg; n ghUs; f s; fp.gp. xd;gjhk; E}w;whz;L
ahit? 708) Nrhoh;fhy tdg;Gkpf;f Xtpaq;
,aw;iff; fhl;rpfs;> fw;gidf; fisj; --------- nghpaNfhtpypy; fz;L
fhl; r pfs; > rKjha tho; f ; i f kfpoyhk;.
Kiwik> ,jpfhr Guhzf; jQ; i rg;
fijfs; 709) tpra efu> ehaf;f kd;dh;fspd;
701) rq;f fhyj;jpy; nropj;jpUe;j ------- Xtpaq;fs; ve;j ,lj;jpy; fhzg;
-------- ,ilf;fhyj;jpy; rpije;J gLfpd;wd.
kiwe;J Nghfj; njhlq;fpaJ? jpUtuq;fk;> jpUg;gjp> jpy;iy>
Xtpaf; f iy jpUth&h; > Fle; i j> kJiu>
702) ve; j E}w; w hz; b y; jkpofj; i j fhQ; r p
Mz;l Kjyhk; kNfe;jputh;kg; 710) fp.gp gjpndl; l hk; E}w; w hz; b d;
gy;ytd;> fiyahh;tk; kpf;fth;? njhlf;fj;jpy; ahUila fhyj;jpy;
fp.gp 7 Mk; E}w;whz;L Xtpaf; f iy ed; F tsh; r ; r p
703) kNfe;jputh;kg; gy;ytd; vt;thW ngw;wJ?
Gfo;ngw;wpUe;jhd;? jQ; i ria Mz; l kuhl; b a
Xtpadhf kd; d h; f s;
704) fy;ntl;Lfs; kNfe;jputh;kd;id 711) <uhapuk; Mz;Lfshfg; Nghw;wpg;
vt;thW Gfo;fpd;wd? ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tsh;e;J tUk;
rpj; j pufhug; G yp fiyahf ---------------- cs;sJ.
Xtpaf; f iy
69

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nfhilf; F zk; xU njhlh; Kw;Wg; ngw;wijf;

Jizg; g hlk; Fwpf;f Kw;Wg;Gs;sp ,l Ntz;Lk;.
(v.fh) Nfhitapy; nrk; n khop
712) fh; z kfhuhrhtpd; nfhilj;
khehL eilngw;wJ.
jpwidg;gw;wpg; gy -------------------
721) fhw;Gs;sp (>) vd;why; vd;d? (v.fh)
cs;sd.
jUf
tha;nkhopg; Guhz kuGf;fijfs;
gy nghUs; f isj; njhlh; e ; J
713) fh;z kfhuhrh ahh;?
nrhy; Y k; NghJ xt; n thd; w pd;
rpw; w urd;
gpd;Dk; fhw;Gs;sp ,lNtz;Lk;.
714) mq;fNjrk; vd;w rpwpa ehl;il
(v.fh) kh> gyh> thio Kf;fdpfs;
MSfpwth; ahh;? 723) miug;Gs;sp vd;why; vd;d? (v.fh)
fh; z d; jUf.
mzpapyf;fzk; (,yf;fzk;) Xh; vOtha;> gy gadpiyfisf;
nfhz;L KbAk; nghOJ> xt;nthU
715) mzp vd;why; vd;d?
gadpiyf;Fg; gpdd ; Uk; miug;Gs;sp
moF
,lNtz;Lk;.
716) Gyth;fs; nra;Ais moFgLj;
(v.fh) rpe;jidr; nry;td; ed;whfg;
Jtij --------------- vd;Nw toq;fpdh;.
gbj; j hd; @ Kjy; kjpg; n gz;
mzp
ngw;whd;@ ghpR ngw;whd;.
717) mzpfs; vd;gJ
724) tpdhf;Fwp (?) vd;why; vd;d? (v.fh)
,ay;G etpw;rp jUf
cah;T etpw;rp xU tpdhj; njhlhpd; ,Wjpapy;
718) ,ay;G etpw;rpazp vd;why; vd;d? tpdhf; F wp ,lNtz; L k; .
xU nghUspd; ,ay;ig cs;sJ (v.fh) nghw;nfhb ghlk; gbj;J
cs;sthW $WtJ ,ay;G tpl;lhah?
etpw; r pazp vdg; g Lk; . 725) czh;r;rpf;Fwp(!) vd;why; vd;d?
719) cah;T etpw;rpazp vd;why; vd;d? (v.fh) jUf
xU nghUspd; jd;ikia kpifg;gLj;jpf; xU nra;jpia czh;r;rpahff;
$WtJ cah;T etpw;rpazp. $Wk; NghJ czh;rr ; pf; Fwpapl
nkhopj;jpwd; gapw;rp Ntz; L k; .
720) Kw;Wg;Gs;sp vd;why; vd;d? (v.fh) (v.fh) vd;Nd> ,g;g+tpd; kzk;!
jUf:
Kw; W g; G s; s p(.)
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726) xw;iw Nkw;Nfhs; Fwp (‘ ’) vd;why; 4. jhAkhdtupd; gzp vd;d?

vd;d? (v.fh)jUf jpUr;rpia Mz;l tpra uFehj
Xh; vOj;J my;yJ nrhy; my;yJ nrhf;fypq;fuplk; fUt+y mYtyH
nrhw;nwhliuj; jdpNa Fwpf;Fk; 5. tho;j;jhf ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ghly;
,lj; j pYk; xU nrhw; n whlhpy; ______ vd;Dk; E}y; MFk;
E}ypd; ngah;> gonkhop Kjypad jhAkhdtH jpUg;ghly; jpul;L
tw;iw Fwpf;Fk; NghJk; xw;iw 6. “jhAkhdtH jpUg;ghly; jpul;L”
Nkw;Nfhs; Fwp ,lNtz;Lk;. vd;Dk; E}y; nja;tj; jkpopd;
‘vopy;’ vd;why; ‘moF’ vd;gJ ,dpikAk; vspikAk; nghUe;jpa
nghUs; nra;As; eilahy; Mfpatw;iw
(v.fh) 'ghQ;rhyp rgjk;' Cl;Lk; tifapy; cs;sJ
727) ,ul;il Nkw;Nfhs; Fwp (“---- ") kdj; J }a; i k> gf; j pr; R it
xUth; $wpaij Neh;f;$w;whff; 7. jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp kiykPJ vOe;
$Wk; NghJk; > xU njhliu jUspAs;s ,iwtdhd jhAkhdtH
Nkw; N fhshff; $Wk; NghJk; jpUtUshy; gpwe;jikahy; ,tUf;Fj;
,ul; i l Nkw; N fhs; Fwpapl vd;W ngaH #l;lg;gl;lJ.
Ntz;lk;. “mfj;jpd; moF Kfj;jpy; jhAkhdtH
njhpAk;" vd;whh; xsiahh;. 8. jhAkhdtupd; kidtp ngaH vd;d?
kl; L thH Foyp
vl;lhk;; tFg;G
9. jhAkhdtupd; fhyk; vJ?
,ay; xd;W
fp.gp.gjpndl; l hk; E}w; w hz; L
nra;As; - tho;j;J
10. jhAkhdtH epidT ,y; y k;
1. Kj; N j gtsNk nkha; j ; j gRk; ______ ,y; cs;sJ.
nghw; R lNu- vdj; njhlq; F k; ,uhkehjGuk; khtl; l j; j pYs; s
tho;j;Jg; ghliy vOjpatH ahH? ,yl; R kpGuk;
jhAkhdtH 11. nrhw;nghUs;
2. jhAkhdtupd; ngw;NwhH ngaH vd;d? 1.RlH - xsp 2. Mde;jk; - kfpor; r; p
Nfbypag;gH nfrty;yp mk;ikahH 3. guhguk; - Nkyhd nghUs; ,iwtd;
3. jhAkhdtH gpwe;j CH vJ?
jpUf; F ws;
ehfg; g l; b dk; khtl; l j; j pYs; s
jpUkiwf; f hL (Ntjhuz; a k; ) 12. jpUf;Fwis ,aw;wpatH ahH?
jpUts; S tH
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13. jpUts; S tupd; NtWngaHfs; 21. jpUf;Fwspd; ngUikia czHe;j

vd;d? tPukhKdptH ______ vDk; nkhopapy;
Kjw; g htyH> ngha; a py; G ytH> nkhop ngaHj;jhH.
ngUehtyH> nre; e hg; N ghjhH ,yj; j P d ;
14. jpUts;Stupd; fhyk; vJ ntd;W 22. ______ vd; g tH Mq; f pyj; j py;
$wg;gLfpd;wJ? Fws;fis nkhop ngaHj;jhH.
fp.K. 31 [p.A.Nghg;
15. jpUf;Fws; E}y;fSs; xd;W. 23. cUrpa ehl;by; _____ khspifapy;
gjpndz; f P o ; f ; f zf; F cs;s Ruq;fg; ghJfhg;Gg; ngl;lfj;
16. ehL> nkhop>,dk;>rkak; fle;J jpy; jpUf;FwSk; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
vf; f hyj; j pw; F k; nghUe; J tjhf mZ Jisf; f hj fpnuk; s pd;
mike; j ikahy; ______ vdg; khspif
Nghw;wg;gLfpwJ. 24. ,q;fpyhe;J ehl;Lf; fhl;rprr
; hiyapy;
cyfg; n ghJkiw ______ itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
17. kf;fs;> tho;tpy; milaj;jf;fjhf jpUf; F ws; tptpypaj; J ld;
,Ue;j cWjpg;nghUs;fs; ahit? 25. nrhw;nghUs;
mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk; 1. tpid - nray;
18. mwk;>nghUs;> ,d;gk; vd;Dk; %d;W 2. fhg;G - fhty;
gpupTfisf; nfhz;ljhy; ,e;E}y; 3. ePutH - mwpTilahH
______ vdg; ngaH ngw;wJ 4. Nfz;ik - el;G
Kg; g hy; 5. NgijahH - mwptpyhH
19. jpUf;Fws; _____mjpfhuq;fisAk;> 6. etpy;njhWk; - fw;ff; fw;f
Fwl;ghf;fisAk; ngw;Ws;sJ. 7. eak; - ,d;gk;
E}w;WKg;gj;J %d;W mjpfhuk;> 8. eFjy; - rpupj;jy;
Mapuj; J Ke; E }w; W Kg; g J 9. ,bj;jy; - fbe;Jiuj;jy;
Fwlghf; f s; 10. fpoik - cupik
20. jpUf;FwSf;F %d;W tifahd 11. Kfef - Kfk; kyu
rpwg;Gg; ngaHfs; cs;sJ mit 12. mfk; - cs;sk;
thAiw tho; j ; J > nghJkiw 13. MW - ey;top
ngha; a hnkhop. 14. ca;jJ ; - nrYj;jp
15. my;yy; - Jd;gk;
16. cLf;if - Mil
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17. ,Lf;fz; - Jd;gk; 29. tPukhKdptH “Fl;bj;njhy;fhg;gpak;”

18. fistJ - ePfF ; tJ vd;Dk; ve;j E}ypd; tpsf;fj;ijg;
19. nfhl;gpd;wp - NtWghL ,y;yhky; gilj;jhH?
20. Cd;Wk; - jhq;Fk; njhd;D}y; tpsf;fk;
21. Gidjy; - Gfo;jy; 30. tPukhKdptH ve;nje;j rpw;wpyf;
fpaq;fis ,aw;wpdhH?
,ay; - 1
fyk;gfk;> mk;khid
jkpo; tsHj;j rhd;NwhHfs;
31. Njk; g htzp ______ fjk; g
22. tPukhKdptH ve;j ehl;by; gpwe;jhH? khiyahff; fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wJ?
,j; j hyp fhtY}Hf; fyk;gfk;
23. tPukhKdptupd; ,aw;ngaH vd;d? 32. tPukhKdptH jkpo; KdptHfSs;
fhd;];lhz;bd; N[hrg; ng];fp xUtuhf tpsq;Ffpd;whH vdf; $wp
24. jkpo;nkhopapd; gw;wpdhy; ijupa ahH tPukhKdptUf;Fg; Gfohuk;
ehjd; vd;Dk; jk; ngaiuj; jdpj; #l;bdhH?
jkpohf;fp ______ vdr; #l;bf; nry; t H ,uh.gp> NrJg; g ps; i s
nfhz;lhH. 33. tPukhKdptupd; fhyk; vJ?
tP u khKdptH 1680-1747
25. tPukhKdptH jd;Dila vj;jid 34. Fzq;Fb k];jhd; rhfpG ve;j
ahtJ mfitapy; rkaj; jpUg; Mz;by; gpwe;jhH?
gzpahw;w jkpofj;jpw;F te;jhH? 1788 Mk; Mz;L
Kg;gjhk; mfit 35. “khjtQ;NrH NkNyhH tOj;Jk;”
26. tPukhKdptH jkpon
; khop gapdw
; NjhL Fzq; F bahd; vd; W GytH
ve; j nkhopfisAk; fw; W j; ngUkf;fshy; Gfog;gl;ltH ahH?
NjHe;jhH? Fzq;Fb k];jhd; rhfpG
njYq; F > tlnkhop 36. Fzq;Fb k];jhd; rhfpG ,tupd;
27. tPukhKdptH jkpopy; Kjd;Kjyhf ,aw;ngaH vd;d?
______ vd;Dk; mfu Kjypia Ry;jhd; mg;Jy; fhjpW
ntspapl;lhH? 37. ve;nje;j kiyg;gFjpfSf;Fr; nrd;W>
rJufuhjp jdpj;jpUe;J Qhdk; ngw;whH?
28. tPukhKdptH Njk;ghtzp vd;Dk; rJufpup> Gwhkiy> ehfkiy
______ fhg;gpaj;ij ,aw;wpdhH? 38. Fzq;Fb k];jhd; rhFG ahUila
fpwpj;jtf; fhg;gpak; ghly;fshy; <Hf;fg;gl;lhH?
jhAkhdtH ghly;
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39. Fzq;Fb k];jhd; rhfpG ghba 48. MWKf ehtyhupd; gy jpwik

fz;zpfs; ahit? fisf; fz; l jpUthtLJiw
guhguf;fz;zp> vf;fhyf;fz;zp> MjPdj;jhH kfpo;Tw;W ,tUf;F
kNdhd;kzpf; fz;zp> ee;jR P tuf; ______ vd;Dk; gl;lj;ijr; #l;br;
fz; z p rpwg;gpj;jdH?
40. Fzq;Fb k];jhd; rhfpG vt; tifapy; ehtyH
nghUs; jUk; ghly;fs; gy ,aw;wpj; 49. MWKfehtyupd; gzpfs; ahit?
jkpOf;Fj; njhz;lhw;wpdhH? gjpg;ghrpupaH> ciueilahrpupaH
FUepiy> jtepiy> JwTepiy 50. MWKf ehtyiu “trd eil
epak epiy> fhl;rpepiy> ifte; j ty; y hsH” vd ahH
jpahdepiy> rkhjpepiy ghuhl;bdhH?
41. jpUj;jzpr; rutzg; ngUkhs;> ,tH gupjpkhw; f iyQH
kPJ nfhz;l gw;wpdhy; ______ 51. MWKf ehtyH nrd; i dapy;
xd;iwg; ghbAs;shH? ______ mikj;jhH?
ehd; k zpkhiy mr; R f; $ lk;
42. F z q ; F b k ] ; j h d ; r h f p G 52. MWKf ehtyupd; mr;Rf;$lj;jpy;
,t;Tyif tpl;L vg;NghJ ePjj ; hH? ve;nje;jj; jkpo; ,yf;fpa E}y;fisg;
1835 Mk; Mz;L gjpg;gpj;jhH?
43. MWKf ehtyH gpwe;j Mz;L vJ? ghujk;> ngupaGuhzk;> fe;jGuhzk;>
1822 Mk; Mz;L jpUf;Fws;.
44. MWKf ehtyH vq;Fg; gpwe;jhH? 53. MWKf ehtyupd; mr;Rf; $lj;jpy;
aho; g ; g hzk; ey; Y }H ve;nje;jj; jkpo; ,yf;fz
45. MWKf ehtyupd; ,aw;ngaH vd;d? E}y;fisg; gjpg;gpj;jhH?
MWKfdhH ,yf;fz tpdh-tpil> ,yf;fzr;
46. MWKfehtyH ,sikapNyNa RUf;fk;> ed;D}y; tpUj;jpAiu>
ve;j E}y;fisj; njspthff; fw;whH? ed;D}y; fhz;bifAiu> ,yf;fzf;
irt rpj; j he; j E}y; f isAk; > nfhj;J> ,yf;fzr; #whtsp
jpUKiwfisAk; . 54. Fwpg;G
47. MWKfehtyH jk; nkhopj;jpwik jkpowpQH rp.it.jhNkhjudhH>
iaAk; thf;Ftd;ikiaAk; MWKf ehtyiug; gpd;tUkhW
nghUs; tpsf;Fk; jd;ikiaAk; Gfo;e;J ciuf;fpd;whH
fz;L ahH kfpo;e;jdH “ey; i yefH MWKf ehtyH
jpUthtLJiw MjP d j; j hH gpwe;jpyNuw;
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nrhy;Yjkp noq;Nf fUjpnaq;Nf- 65. [p.A.Nghg;gpd; jikadhH ngaH vd;d?

vy;ytUk; n`d; w p
vj; J Guh zhfkq; f s; vq; N fgpu 66. [p.A.Nghg;gpd; jikadhH “n`d;wp”
rq;fnkq;Fk; vd;gtH jkpofj;jpy; ______ Ig;
mj;jdwp ntq;Nf miw” vdg; gug;Gk; rka FUthfg; gzpahw;wp
Gfo;e;jhH te;jhH.
55. GJf;ftpijf;F tpj;jpl;ltH ahH? fpwpj; J tkjj; i j
ghujpahH 67. [p.A.Nghg; mtUila vj;jidahtJ
56. rKjhag;Gul;rpf;F tpj;jpl;ltH ahH? tajpy; jkpofj; j py; rkag;
ghujpjhrdhH gzpahw;wj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;lhH?
57. nghJTlikf;F tpj;jpl;ltH ahH? 19-MtJ tajpy;
jpUtp.fypahzRe; j udhH 68. [p.A.Nghg; gha;kuf; fg;gypy; nrd;id
58. jdpj;jkpOf;F tpj;jpl;ltH ahH? te;JNru vj;jid jpq;fshapd?
kiwkiyabfs; vl; L j; j pq; f shapd
59. Ngr; R f; f iyf; F > rpWfijf; F 69. jkpon; khopahy; <Hf;fg;gl;Lj; jkpoha;
tpj;jpl;l ftpQH ahH? kyHe; J > kzk; gug; g p> vd; W k;
mwpQH mz;zhJiu jkpOyfpy; mopahg;Gfo; ngw;wtH
GJikg; g pj; j d; ahH?
[p.A.Nghg; rhd;NwhH jtj;jpU [p.A.Nghg;
70. [p.A.Nghg; ______ gFjpapy; rkag;
60. [p.A.Nghg; vd;wiof;fg;gl;ltH ahH?
gzp Mw;wpdhH.
[pahH[; Af;Nsh Nghg;
nrd;idr; rhe;Njhk; gFjpapy;
61. [p.A.Nghg; ve;j Mz;by; gpwe;jhH?
71. [p.A.Nghg; rkag;gzp Mw;wpag;
fp.gp. 1820 Mk; Mz;L
gFjpfspy; vq; F g; gs; s pfis
62. [p.A.Nghg; ve;j ehl;by; gpwe;jhH?
epWtpdhH?
gpuhd;R ehl;bd; vl;tHL jPtpy;
jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lk;
gpwe; j hH
(rhaHGuj; j py; )
63. [p. A.Nghg;gpd; ngw;NwhH ahH?
72. rkaf;fy;Y}upapy; jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fs;>
[hd; Nghg; G f; F k; > nfjupd;
Mq;fpy ,yf;fpaq;fs; Kjypa
AshGf;Fk; kfdhfg; gpwe;jhH.
tw;iwAk; ----------> ----------> Kjypa
64. [hd; Nghg;Gk;> nfjupd; Ashg;Gk;
nkhopfisAk; fw;Wj;ju [p.A.Nghg;
jd; kfDf;F ______I Cl;b
Vw;ghL nra;jhH.
tsHj;jdH.
fpNuf;fk;> ,yj;jPd;> vgpNuak;
fy;tp> rkak;> ey;nyhOf;fk;
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73. [p.A.Nghg; --------------> Mfpatw;iwf; njhy; n ghUs; Ma; T Nghd; w

fw;gpf;Fk; fy;Y}up Mrpupauhfg; jkpo;nkhop gw;wpa Mq;fpyj;jpy;
gzpahw;wpdhH. vOjpa fl;Liufspy; -------> ------->
fzpjk;> mwptha;T (jUf;fk;)> ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jd
nka; a wpT (jj; J tk; ) GwehD}w;Wg; ghly;fSk;>
74. jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lk; rhaHGuj;jpy; Gwg; n ghUs; ntz; g hkhiyj;
______ Kjy; ______ Mk; Mz;L jpiz tpsf; f q; f Sk; > jkpo; g ;
tiu fy; t pg; gzpAk; rkag; GytH tuyhWk; .
gzpAk; Mw;wpdhH. 81. [p.A.Nghg; caHe;j gz;ghl;Lf;Fupa
1842 Kjy; 1849 nghWik> rpdkpd;ik el;G
75. 1849 Mk; Mz;by; ______ ehl;bw;Fr; Kjyhdtw;iw tpsf;Fk; mWE}W
nrd;whH. nra;As;fis ePjpE}y;fspypUe;J
,q; f pyhe; J Ma;e;njLj;Jj; ______ vd;Dk;
76. [p.A.Nghg; vj;jidahtJ tajpy; E}yhfj; njhFj;jhH.
ve;j Mz;by; jpUkzk; nra;J jkpo;r;nra;Al; fyk;gfk;
nfhz;lhH? 82. Nkiyehl; l hH jkpio vspjpy;
taJ 30> 1850 Mk; Mz;by; fw; W f; nfhs; S k; tifapy;
77. [p.A.Nghg; jQ;irapy; gzpahw;wpa ______ x d ; i w A k ; > N g h g ;
vl;lhz;Lf; fhyj;jpy; ______ Kjyhd ntspapl;lhH.
rq;f E}y;fisAk; ______ Kjyhd jkpo;- Mq;fpy mfuhjp
,yf;fzq;fisAk; gapd;whH. Mq;fpyk;- jkpo; mfuhjp
GwehD}W> ed; D }y; 83. cjf kz; l yj; j pw; F r; nrd; w
78. [p.A.Nghg; ve;j VLfspy; jkpo;nkhop [p.A.Nghg; ve;j Mz;by; gs;sp
gw;wpa Muha;r;rpf; fl;Liufis xd;iwj; njhlq;fp MrpupauhfTk;
Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjpdhH. gzpahw;wpdhH?
,e;jpad; rQ;rpif> ,e;jpahtpd; 1858 Mk; Mz;by;
njhy; n ghUs; Ma; T 84. jhafj;jpw;Fr; nrd;w Nghg; vj;jid
79. [p.A.Nghg; fp.gp.1850- Mk; Mz;bw;Fg; tUlk; ,q;fpyhe;Jg; gy;fiyf;
gpwF vq;Fr; rkag; gzpahw;wj; fofj;jpy; Nguhrpupauhfg; gzpGupej
; hH.
njhlq;fpdhH? 23 tUlk; (1885 Kjy; 1908 tiu)
jQ; r ht+H 85. ,q;fpyhe;Jg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;>
80. [p.A.Nghg; mtHfs; Muha;rr ; p nra;j ______> ______ f w ; g p f ; F k ;
Nguhrpupauhfg; gzpGupe;jhH.
,e;jpad; rQ;rpif> ,e;jpahtpd;
jkpo;> njYq;F
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86. [p.A.Nghg; jpUf;Fwis vj;jid Fw; w paYfuk;

Mz;L gbj;Jr; Ritj;jhH?
93. Fw;wpaYfuk; gpupj;J vOJf?
ehw; g jhz; L fs;
FWik + ,ay; + cfuk;
87. jpUf;Fwis ehw;gjhz;Lfs; gbj;Jr;
94. “FWik” vd;why; ______vd;W
Ritj;j Nghg;> mjid Mq;fpyj;jpy;
nghUs;
nkhop ngaHj;J ve;j Mz;by;
FWfpa
ntspapl;lhH?
95. “,ay; ” vd; w hy; _____ vd; W
1886 Mk; Mz;L
nghUs;.
88. [p.A.Nghg; jkJ vz; g j; j hwhk;
Xir
mfitapy; 1900-Mk; Mz; L
96. “cfuk;” vd;why; ______ vd;Dk;
______ Mq;fpy nkhopngaHg;gpid
vOj;J MFk;
ntspapl;lhH?
c
jpUthrfj; j pd;
97. Fwpy; vOj;Jf;F vj;jid khj;jpiu
89. [p.A.Nghg; mtupd; ,Wjpf;fhyj;jpy;
fhy mstpy; xypf;f Ntz;Lk;?
______ Kjypa E}y; f isAk;
xU khj;jpiu
gjpg;gpj;jhH?
98. “neby; ” vOj; J f; F vj; j id
Gwg;nghUs; ntz;ghkhiy>
khj;jpiu fhy mstpy; xypf;f
GwehD}W> jpUtUl; g ad; .
Ntz;Lk;?
90. jkpopd; ngUikiaj; juzp
,uz;L khj;jpiu
KOtJk; gug;gpa Nghg; mtHfs;
99. “nka; ” vOj; J fs; vj; j id
______Mk; Mz;L______Mk; ehs;
khj;jpiu fhy mstpy; xypf;f
jk; ,d;Dapiu ePj;jhH.
Ntz;Lk;?
1908 Mk; Mz; L gpg; u tupj;
miu khj;jpiu
jpq;fs; 11
100. cfuk; Fwpyhdhy; vj; j id
91. Mq; f py nkhopapid md; i d
khj;jpiuf; fhy msNt xypf;f
nkhopahff; nfhz;l Nghg; mtHfs;
Ntz;Lk;?
______ vd;W jk;ik mwptpj;Jf;
nfhz;lhH? xU khj;jpiu
jkpo; khztd; 101. F>R>L>J>G>W Mfpa MW ty;ypd
92. [p.ANghg; mtH jk; fy;yiwapy; nka; vOj;Jfisr; NrHj;J tUk;
vd;d vOj Ntz;Lnkd;W jkJ NghJ cfuk; vj;jid khj;jpiu
,WjpKwpapy; vOjp itj;jhH? ahff; Fiwe;J xypf;Fk;?
“,q; N f xU jkpo; khztd; miu khj;jpiu
cwq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhd;”
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102. F>R>L>J>G>W vd; g d ty; y pd 109. capHneby;> capHnka; ______

nka;fspd; Nky; ______ CHe;J nel;nlOj;J fis mLj;J tUk;
tUk; vOj;Jfs; MFk;? cfuNkwpa ty;ypd vOj;Jfs;
cfuk; vt;tiff; Fw;wpaYfuk; vdg;gLk;?
103. Fw;wpaYfuk; vj;jid khj;jpiu neby; njhlHf; Fw;wpaYfuk;
mstpy; xypf;Fk;? 110. F>R>L>J>G>W Mfpa vOj;JfSf;F
miu khj;jpiu Kd; ,uz; L Kjyhfg; gy
104. F>R>L>J>G>W vd;Dk; MW ty;ypd vOj; J fisg; ngw; W > <w; w ay;
vOj;Jfs; jdpnebiyr; rhHe;J vOj;J (muR> ghyhW) capHnka;f;
tUk;NghJ> gy vOj;Jf;fisr; FwpyhfNth> nebyhfNth ,Ue;jhy;
rhHe;J nrhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; tUk; mit ______vdg;gLk;
NghJ mit vj;jid khj;jpiu capHj; n jhlHf; Fw; w paYfuk;
mstpypUe;J Fiwe;J xypf;Fk;?
111. Fw;wpaYfuk; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
xU khj;jpiu mstpy;
MW
105. v / F > f / R > m / J , e ; j r ;
112. neby; n jhlHf; Fw; w paYfuk;
nrhw;fspy; ,Ue;J F>R>J vd;Dk;
vj;jid vOj;Jf;fisg; ngw;W
ty;ypd nka;fs; Nky; CHe;j
tUk;?
cfukhdJ Ma; j vOj; i jj;
,uz; L
njhlHe; J te; J s; s jhy; ,it
113. neby; njhlHf; Fw;wpaYfuj;ijj;
______ MFk;.
jtpu Vida Itiff;
Ma;jj;njhlHf; Fw;wpaYfuk;
Fw;wpaYfur; nrhw;fs; vj;jid
106. Rf;F> fr;R> gl;L ,r;nrhw;fspy;
F>R.L Mfpa vOj;JfSf;F Kd;> vOj;Jf;fisg; ngw;W tUk;?
ty;ypd nka;naOj;Jfs; te;jhy; ,uz;Lf;F Nkw;gl;l
mit ______ MFk;. Fw; w paypfuk;
ty;ypdj; njhlHf; Fw;wpaYfuk;
114. Fw;wpaypfuk; gpupj;J vOJf?
107. r q ; F > k Q ; R > e z ; L > r e ; J
FWik + ,ay; + ,fuk;
,r;nrhw;fs; ______ Fw;wpaYfuk;
115. ,fuk; vd;why; ______ vd;Dk;
MFk;.
vOj;jhFk;. ,
nkd;nwhlHf; Fw;wpaYfuk;
116. Fw;wpaypfuj;jpy; tUk; ,fuk;> jd;
108. nfha;J> rhHG> %o;F ,r;nrhw;fs;
khj;jpiuapypUe;J ______ khj;jpiu
______ vt;tiff; Fw;wpaYfuk;
MFk;. msT Fiwe;J xypf;Fk;.
,ilj; n jhlHf; Fw; w paYfuk; xU khj; j piuapypUe; J miu
khj;jpiu msT
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117. epiynkhop Fw;wpaYfukhf ,Ue;J> vO> js; S > fjT ,tw; w pd;
tUnkhop afuk; tupd;> epiynkhop <w;wpYs;s ,ilapd cfuq;fs;
cfuk;> ,fukhfj; jpupe;J jd; (O>S>T) Kw;wpaYfuq;fs; MFk;.
khj;jpiu mstpy; Fiwe;J xypgg; J ,t;thW jdpf;Fwpiy mLj;Jr;
______ vdg;gLk;. nrhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; tUk; ty;ypd
Fw; w paypfuk; nka; a pd; Nky; CHe; J tUk;
118. “Nfz;kpah> nrd;kpah” Mfpatw;wpy; cfuKk;> nghJthfr; nrhw;fspd;
tUk; “kpah” vd; D k; mirr; ,Wjpapy; nky;ypd nka;apd; Nky;
nrhy; y py; cs; s ______ jd; CHe;J tUk; cfuKk;>,ilapd
khj;jpiuapy; Fiwe;J xypf;Fk;. nka;apd; Nky; CHe;J tUk; cfuKk;
,fuk; Mfpa %d; W k; Kw; w paYfuk;
119. ,fuk; jd; khj;jpiuapy; Fiwe;J vdg;gLk;.
xypf;Fk; ed;D}iy vOJf? 124. “FwpQ;rpf;fyp fgpyuhy; ,aw;wg;
afuk; tuf; Fws; cj; j pup gl;lJ” ,t; thf;fpak; vt;tpidiaf;
,fuKk; mirr;nrhy; kpahtpd; Fwpf;fpwJ?
,fuKk; Fwpa. - ed;D}y; 93 nrag; g hl; L tpid
125. “Kaw;rp jpUtpidahf;Fk; vd;gJ
Kw; w paYfuk;
Md;NwhH nkhop” ,t;thf;fpaj;jpy;
120. jdf;Fupa xU khj;jpiu mstpypUe;J vj;njhlH te;Js;sJ?
Fiwahj cfuk; ______ vdg;gLk;. nra; j pj; njhlH
Kw; w paYfuk; 126. “vd;Nd> mUtpapd; moF!” ,t;
121. jdpf;Fwpy; vOj;ij mLj;J tUk; thf;fpaj;jpy; vj;njhlH te;Js;sJ?
cfuk; ______ vdg;gLk;? czHr; r pj; njhlH
ty;ypd cfuk; 127. ghlk; gbj;jhah? ,t;thf;fpaj;jpy;
122. fhZ> cz;Z> cUK ,tw;wpd; vj;njhlH te;Js;sJ?
<w; w pYs; s nky; y pd (Z> K) tpdhj; n jhlH
cfuq;fs; ahit? 128. “fz;zd; ghlk; gbj;jhd;” ,t;
Kw; w paYfuq; f s; thf;fpak; vj;njhliuf; Fwpff ; pwJ?
123. vO> js; S > fjT ,tw; w pd; cld; g hl; L j; n jhlH (nra; j p)
<w;wpYs;s cfuq;fs; (O>S>T) 129. “, u h k d ; g h l k ; g b j ; j p y d ; ”
Kw;wpaYfuq;fs; MFk;. ,t;thf;fpak; vj;njhliuf;
,ilapd cfuq;fs; Fwpf;fpwJ?
Fwpg; G vjpHkiwj; n jhlH (nra; j p)
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130. “epidthw;wiy tsHj;Jf;nfhs;” 137. “g+jQ;Nre;jdhH” mtHfs; vt;t+upy;

,t;thf;fpaj;jpy; vj;njhlH gpwe;jhH?
te;Js;sJ? kJiu
fl; l isj; n jhlH 138. g+jQ;Nre;jdhH gpwe;j fhyk; vJ?
ehd; tpUk;Gk; fp.gp. ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;L
ftpQH 139. ,dpait ehw;gJ _____ E}y;fSs;
xd;W
gjpndz; f P o ; f ; f zf; F
131. Gul;rpf; ftpQH ghujpjhrd; ve;j 140. ,dpait ehw;gJ ghly;fs; vj;jid
Mz;L gpwe;jhH? ghly;fspy; njhFj;Jiuj;Js;sJ?
29.04.1891 Mk; Mz;L ehw; g J
132. ghujpjhrdpd; je;ij ngaH vd;d? 141. _____ f U j ; J f i s e h w ; g J
fdfrig ghly;fspy; njhFj;Jiug;gjhy;
133. ghujpjhrdpd; ,aw;ngaH vd;d? “,dpait ehw;gJ” vdg; ngaH
Rg; G uj; j pdk; ngw;wJ.
134. ahH Nky; nfhz;l gw;why; jk;ngaiug; ed;ik jUk; ,dpa
ghujpjhrd; vd;W khw;wpf; nfhz;lhH? 142. ,dpait ehw;gJ E}ypd; xt;nthU
ghujpahH ghlYk; vj;jid ew;fUj;Jfis
135. ghujpjhrd; vOjpa gpwE}y;fs; ,dpikahff; $wpAs;sJ?
%d;W my;yJ ehd;F
vit?
143. _____Mk; ghly;fs; ghlg;gFjpapy;
,iraKJ> FLk; g tpsf; F >
,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
kzpNkfiyntz; g h> fz; z fp
12> 20
Gul;rpf; fhg;gpak;> gbj;j
144. Foe; i j _____,d; w p tho; j y;
ngz;fs;> ,isQH ,yf;fpak;> ,dpaJ vd g+jQ; N re; j dhH
FwpQ;rpj; jpl;L Nghd;wit. $wpAs;shH.
,ay; 2 Neha;
nra;As; gFjp 145. nrhw;nghUs;
,dpait ehw;gJ 1. Fotp - Foe;ij
2. gpzp - Neha;
136. “Fotp gpzpapd;wp tho;jy; ,dpNj” 3. kaup - kaf;fk;
vdj; njhlq;Fk; ,dpait ehw;gJ 4. foWk; - NgRk;
ghliy vOjpatH ahH? 5. rytH - tQ;rfH
g+jQ; N re; j dhH 6. kd;DapH - epiy ngw;w capH
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mfuKjyp tuyhW
jkpo;g;grp
146. nghd;dpd; Fitnadf;F Ntz;ba 154. mfuhjp vd; D k; nrhy; ve; j
jpy;iy- vd;w ghliy vOjpatH ,Ur;nrhw;fspd; NrHf;if MFk;?
ahH? mfuk;> Mjp
f.rr; r pjhde; j d; 155. xU nkhopapYs;s vy;yhr; nrhw;
147. “jkpo;gg ; rp” vDk; ghlypd; MrpupaH fisAk; mfutupirapy; mikAk;
ahH? gb xU Nruj; njhFj;J tpsf;Fk;
f.rr; r pjhde; j d; E}iy _____ vd;gH.
148. f.rr;rpjhde;jupd; gzpfs; ahit? mfuhjp
MrpupaH gapw; r pf; fy; Y }upapy; 156. mfuhjpj; jw;Nghija tof;fpy;
vd;dntd;W miof;fpwhHfs;?
tpupTiuahsuhfg; gzpahw;wpdhH.
mfuKjyp
149. f. rr;rpjhde;jd; Gyik ahJ?
157. jkpo; mfuKjyp tuyhw;wpy>; nrk;ghjp
jkpo; > Mq; f pyk; > rk]; f pUjk;
,lj; i jg; ngWk; ve; E }y; f s;
Mfpa Kk;nkhopfspy; Mo;e;j
epfz;Lfs; MFk;?
Gyik ngw; w pUe; j hH.
nrhw;nghUs; Jiw E}y;fs;
150. f.rr;rpjhde;jd; gilg;Gfs; ahit?
158. “epfz;Lfspy;” gioikahdJ____
Mde;jj;Njd; (ftpijj;njhFjp)
Nre;jd; jpthfuk;
1954)@ md; d g+uzp (Gjpdk; ) @
159. “Nre;jd; jpthfuk;” - E}ypd; MrpupaH
aho; g ; g hzf; f htpak; .
ahH?
151. “vd;Wk; ,sik Fiwahj jkpOk;@ jpthfuH
jkpOf;F capuhf tpsq;Fk; fk;gd; 160. epfz;Lfisj; njhlHe;J vj;jid
ftpijfSk; Ntz; L k; vdf; epfz;Lfs; Njhd;wpAs;sd?
$wpatH ahH? ,Ugj;ije;J epfz;Lfs;
f.rr; r pjhde; j d; 161. “#lhkzp epfz;L” vd;w E}ypd;
152. nrhw;nghUs; MrpupaH ahH?
1. Fit - Ftpay; kz;ly GUlH
2. khud; - kd;kjd; 162. , U g j ; i j e ; J e p f z ; L f s p y ;
153. f.rr;rpjhde;jupd; rpwg;G: rpwg;Gkpf;f epfz;L vJ?
kfhtpj;Jthd; etePj fpUl;bd kz;ly GUlH ,aw;wpa #lhkzp
ghujpahupd; khztH> ,tHjk; epfz; L
ghly;fspy; fk;gdpd; kpLf;ifAk; 163. jpU%yupd; jpUke;jpuj;jpy; vr;nrhy;
ghujpapd; rpdg; N ghf; i fAk; Kjd; Kjyhf ,lk; ngw;wJ?
xUkpj;Jf; fhzyhk;. mfuhjp
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164. mfuhjp vd;Dk; nrhy; epfz;LfSs; 173. “jkpo;r; nrhy;yfuhjp” vd;w E}y;
xd;whd_____ ,y; milnkhopahf ahuhy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ?
mike;Js;sJ? aho; g ; g hzk; fjpiuNtydhH.
mfuhjp epfz;Lr; nrhy; 173. jkpo;r; nrhy;yfuhjpf;F kw;nwhU
165. mfu Kjypfs; Njhd;Wtjw;F xU ngaH vd;d?
jpUg;G Kidahf mike;j E}y; vJ? rq;f mfuhjp
mfuhjp epfz;L 174. jkpo;g; Ngufuhjp vd;Dk; xd;iw
166. mfuKjyp E}ypy;; nrhw;fspd; ve;j ntspapl;ltH ahH?
vOj;Jfs; kl;LNk mfutupirapy; Fg; G rhkp
tUk;? 175. rq;f mfuhjpapy; nrhy;ypd; %yk;
KjnyOj; J fs; ve;j kuigg; gpd;gw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ?
167. tPukhKdptH njhFj;j_____jkpopy; jUjy;> Nkw;Nfhs; mikj;jy;
Njhd;wpa_____MFk;. 176. glq; f Sld; $ba XH mfu
rJufuhjpa> Kjy; mfuKjyp Kjypia ntspapl;ltH ahH?
168. “rJH” vd;gjw;Fg; nghUs; vd;d? ,uhkehjd;
ehd; F 177. mfuKjyp ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;Lj;
169. “rJH” vd;Dk; E}ypd; vj;jid _____ vDk; ngaUld; ntspte;jJ?
tifapy; jdpj;jdpahfg; nghUs; jkpo; mfuhjp
tpsf;fk; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ? 178. jkpo; Mq; f pyg; Ngufuhjpiaj;
ngaH> nghUs;> njhif> njhil njhFj;jtH ahH?
vd;Dk; ehd;F tpd; R Nyh
170. NghHr;RfPrpa- ,yj;jPd; jkpo; 179. gthde;jj;jpd; jw;fhyj; jkpo;r;
mfuhjpia cUthf;fpatH ahH? nrhy; y fuhjp ve; j Mz; b y;
tP u khKdptH ntspte;jd?
171. jkpo;-,yj;jd P ; mfuhjp> ,yj;jd P -; 1925 Mk; Mz;L
jkpo; mfuhjp> jkpo; - gpnuQ; R 180. 1937- Mk; Mz;by; _____ vDk;
mfuhjp> gpnuQ;R-jkpo; mfuhjp> mfuhjp ntspte;jd?
NghHr;RfPrpa- ,yj;jdP ; jkpo; mfuhjp kJiuj; jkpo;g; Ngufuhjp
Mfpa mfu Kjypfis 181. j k p o ; - j k p o ; m f u K j y p i a
cUthf;fpatH ahH? njhFj;jtH ahH?
tP u khKdptH K.rz; K fk;
172. jkpo; - jkpo; mfuhjp xd; i w
ntspapl;ltH ahH?
nytp ];ghy;b];
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182. K.rz;Kfk; vd;gtuhy; njhFf;fg; 190. jkpo; f ; fiyf; f sQ; r paq; f spd;
gl;l jkpo;- jkpo; mfuKjyp ve;j Kd;Ndhb vJ?
Mz; b y; jkpo; e hl; L g; ghlE}y; mgpjhd Nfhrk;
epWtdj;jhy; ntspapl;lJ? 191. vr;nra;jpfisf; nfhz;L ,yf;fpaf;
1985 Mk; Mz;L fsQ;rpakhfj; jpfo;fpd;wJ?
183. ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;by; ntspte;j ,yf;fpag;Guhz ,jpfhrr; nra;jp
kpfg;ngupa mfuKjyp ahJ? 192. ,yf;fpag;Guhz ,jpfhrr; nra;jpfs;
nrd;idg;gy;fiyf;fof mfuhjp ve;j Mz;by; ntspahdJ?
184. nrd;idg;gy;fiyf;fof mfuhjp 1902 Mk; Mz;L
vd;Dk; ngaupy; _____ 193. “mgpjhd rpe; j hkzp” E}iyj;
ntspaplg;gl;Ls;sd. njhFj;J ntspapl;ltH ahH?
jkpo; nyf;rpfd; rpq; f hu NtydhH
185. “jkpo; nyf;rpfd;” vd;Dk; ,t;tfu 194. “mgpjhd rpe;jhkzp” E}y; ve;j
Mz;by; ntspaplg;gl;lJ?
Kjyp vj; j id njhFjpfshf
1934 Mk; Mz;L
ntspaplg;gl;ld?
195. jkpo; tsHr;rpf; fofk; Kiwahd
MW njhFjp
Ij; njhFj;J ntspapl;Ls;sJ?
186. ve;j Mz;L NjtNeag;ghthzupd;
Kjy; fiyf;fsQ;rpaj;ij
nre;jkpo;r; nrhw;gpwg;gpay; Ngufu
196. Kjy; fiyf;fsQ;rpaj;ij vj;jid
Kjypapd; Kjy; njhFjp ntsp
njhFjpfshf ntspapl;ldH?
te;jJ?
gj;Jj; njhFjp
1985 Mk; Mz;L
197. jkpo; tsHr;rpf; fofk; vj;jid
187. ve;j Mz;L NjtNeag;ghthzupd;
tifahd fiyf;fsQ;rpaq;fis
nre; j kpo; r ; nrhw; g ; g pay; Ngufu ntspapl;Ls;sJ?
Kjypapd; ,uz;lhk; njhFjp ntsp %d; W (1.Foe; i jfs; fiyf;
te;jJ? fsQ;rpak;> 2. ehlff; fiyf;
1993 Mk; Mz;L fsQ;rpak;> 3. ,Ryhkpa fiyf;
188. KOikahff; fzpdp cjtpAld; fsQ; r pak;
cUthf;fg;gl;L ntspte;j Kjy; 198. ve; j epWtdj; j pd; Kaw; r pahy;
jkpo; mfuKjyp vJ? nghJmwpT> cstpay;> Gtpapay;>
fpupahtpd; jw;fhyj; jkpo; mfuhjp Gs;spapay;> tuyhW> thdtpay;>
189. vr;rpe;jidapd; tpisthff; fiyf; JiwfSf;Fk; fiyr;nrhy; mfu
fsQ;rpak; Njhd;wpaJ? Kjypfs; njhFf;fg;gl;ld? ve;j
,yf;fpaq;fspy; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;s Mz;by; njhFf;fg;gl;ld?
ngaHfs;> fijfs; tuyhWfs;> fiyf;fjpH (1960 Mk; Mz;L)
gof;f tof;fq;fs;
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199. mwptpay; rhHe;j Jiwthupahd 207. ehd;F ,yf;fpa tifr; nrhw;fis

fiyr;nrhy; mfuKjypia ahH vOJf?
njhFj;J ntspapl;ldH? ,aw;nrhy;> jpupr;nrhy;> jpirr;
kzit K];jgh nrhy; > tlnrhy;
200. mwptpay; fiyr;nrhy; fsQ;rpak; 208. vy;yhUf;Fk; nghUs; tpsq;Fk;
ve;j Mz;by; ntspaplg;gl;lJ? tifapy; ,ay; g ha; mike; j
1991 Mk; Mz;L jkpo;r;nrhy; _____ vdg;gLk;?
201. mwptpay; fiyr;nrhy; fsQ;rpaj;ij ,aw; n rhy;
jkpo;f; fiyr; nrhy;Yld; tpsf;f 209. ,aw;nrhy; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
_____ jug;gl;Ls;sd.
,uz; L
nrhw; n ghUs; f s;
210. ,U tifahd ,aw; n rhw; f s;
202. ,d;iwa kf;fSk; gz;ila ,yf;fpa
vd;ndd;d?
,yf; f zq; f spd; nrhy; t sk;
1. ngaH ,aw;nrhw;fs;
nghUshok; Nghd;wtw;iwj; njs;sp
jpd; mwpeJ
; Ritj;J kfpoj; Jiz 2. tpid ,aw;nrhw;fs;
nra;tJ vJ? 211. fw;wtHfSf;F kl;LNk tpsq;ff;
mfuKjyp $badtha; ,Uf;Fk; nrhy; vJ?
203. fhye;NjhWk; Vw;gLk; nrhw;nghUs; jpupnrhy;
khw;wq;fis mfuKjypfs; gjpT 212. jpupnrhy; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
nra;tjd; %yk; cjTfpd;wd? ,uz; L
rP H ikahd nkhop tsHr; r p 213. , U t i f a h d j p u p n r h y ; f s ;
204. Fwpg;G vd;ndd;d?
mfu Kjyp xd;iw ngaHj; jpupnrhy;> tpidj;
ehSk; gbj;J tUtha; jpupnrhy;
epfup yhj nrhw;fs; 214. jkpo;ehl;ilr; #o;eJ ; s;s gpwgFjp
epidtpy; ed;F ngWtha; fspypUe; J jkpopy; toq; F k;
- ghujpjhrd;
nrhw;fs; _____ MFk;.
,yf;fpa tifr; nrhw;fs; jpirr; n rhw; f s;
205. ngaHr;nrhy;> tpidr;nrhy;> ,ilr; 215. jpirr;nrhw;fSf;Fupa jkpor; ; nrhw;fs;
nrhy;> cupr;nrhy; ,it ve;j jpirr;nrhy; jkpo;rn; rhy;
tiff;Fs; mlq;Fk;? 1. gz;bif - jpUtpoh
,yf;fz tif 2. nts;sk; - ePHg;ngUf;F
206. ,yf;fpa tifr; nrhw;fs; vj;jid 3. tpahghuk; - tzpfk;
tifg;gLk;? 4. [kf;fhsk; - tpupg;G
ehd; F 5. Ntbf;if - fhl;rp
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216. tlnkhopr; nrhw; f s; jpupe; J k; 222. NeH$w;W> maH$w;Wj; njhlHfs;

jpupahkYk; jkpo; nkhopapy; te;J Nty;tpop ed;whfg; gbj;Jj; NjHtpy;
toq; F khdhy; mit _____ Kjd;ik ngW vd;W MrpupaH
vdg;gLk;. mwpTiu $wpdhH. (NeH$w;W)
tlnrhy; ed;whfg; gbj;Jj; NjHtpy; Kjd;ik
217. tlnrhw;fSf;Fj; jkpo;r;nrhw;fs;: ngWkhW MrpupaH Nty; tpopf;Ff;
tlnrhy; jkpo;rn
; rhy; $wpdhH. (maw;$w;W)
1. fkyk; - jhkiu 223. NeH$w;iw maw;$w;whf khw;Wk;
2. tp\k;(tplk;) - eQ;R NghJ khWk; nrhw;fs;
3. G\;gk; (Gl;gk;) - kyH NeH$w;W maw;$w;W
218. nghUj;Jf ,d;W - md;W
1. epyk;> eha; - tpidj;jpupnrhy; New;W - Kd;dhs;
2. te; j J> gbj; j hd; - ngaH ,J - mJ
,aw;nrhy; ,jdhy; - mjdhy;
3. fspW> Gutp - tpid ,aw;nrhy; ehk;> ehq;fs; - jhk;> jhq;fs;
4. tpdtpdhd;> Nehf;fpdhd; - ePqf
; s; - mtHfs;
ngaHj;jpupnrhy; ehis - kWehs;
tpil: ,g;nghOJ - mg;nghOJ
1. ngaH ,aw;nrhy; ,it - mit
2. tpidj; jpupnrhy; ehd; - jhd;
3. ngaHj; j pupnrhy; eP - mtd;> mts;
4. tpid ,aw;nrhy;
,ay; %d;W
219. “mkH” vd;gjd; nghUs;
nra;As; gFjp
NghH
jpUts; S tkhiy
220. njhz;Z}w;whW gpupf;Fk; Kiw
njhz;Z}W MW 224. j p U t s ; S t k h i y ghliy
221. fhw; W > epyT> QhapW> gyif ,aw;wpatH ahH?
,it vspjpy; nghUs; tpsq;Fk; fgpyH
nrhw;fs; vd;gjhy; ,it _____ 225. fgpyH gpwe;j fhyk; vJ?
MFk;. fp.gp.,uz; l hk; E}w; w hz; i lr;
ngaHr; nrhw; f s; rhHe;jtnud;Wk;> rq;ff;fhyj;jpw;Fg;
gpd; tho;e;jtnud;Wk; Fwpg;gH.
85

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226. jpUf;Fwspd; rpwg;gpid czHj;j esntz; g h

ve;E}y; vOe;jJ? 233. esntz;ghtpd; MrpupaH ahH
jpUts;Stkhiy vd;Dk; jdpE}y; GfNoe; j pg; G ytH
227. jpUts;Stkhiy E}ypy; vj;jid 234. GfNoe;jpg;GytH gpwe;j CH vJ?
ghly;fs; cs;sd? njhz;ilehl;bd; nghd;tpise;j
Ik; g j; i je; J fsj;J}H (fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lj;jpy;
228. jpUts;Stkhiy ghliy vj;jid cs;s ngUq;fsj;J}H)
GytHfs; ghbAs;shHfs;? 235. GfNoe;jpg;Gytupd; rpwg;G ahJ?
Ik;gj;J %d;W tuFz ghz;badpd; mitg;GytH
229. jpUts;Stkhiy _____ mZF 236. GfNoe;jpg;Gytiu Mjupj;j ts;sy;
Kiwiar; rhHe;jJ? ahH?
mwptpay; re;jpud; RtHf;fp
230. Fwpg; G 237. GfNoe;jpg;Gytupd; fhyk; vd;d?
ctik fp.gp. 12 Mk; E}w;whz;L
rpWGy;ypd; jiyapy; jpidas 238. GfNoe;jpg;GytH fhyj;jpy; tho;ej ;
tpDk; rpWgdpePH nebJaHe;j gid ,U GytHfs; ahH?
kuj; j pd; cUtj; i jj; jd; D s; fk;gH> xl;lf;$j;jH
njspthff; fhl;Lk;. 239. ntz;gh ahg;gpy; fhg;gpag; nghUisj;
ctkpf;fg;gLk; nghUs; njhlHepiyr; nra; A s; f sha; g ;
ts; S tupd; Fws; n tz; g hf; f s; ghba rpwg;gpdhy; ,tH vdg;
mUk;ngUk; fUj;Jfisj; Nghw;wg;gLfpwhH?
jk;kfj;Nj mlf;fpf; fhl;Lk; ntz; g htpw; GfNoe; j p
231. xspiaj; Nfhl; l k; milar; 240. esntz;gh vd;gJ _____ $Wk;
nra; t jdhy; njhiytpYs; s E}nyd tpupe;J nghUs; jUk;.
nghUspd; cUtj;ij mz;ikapy; esdJ tuyhw;iw ntz;ghf;fshy;
Njhd;Wk; gb nra;ayhk; vd;W ahH 241. “esntz;gh” vj;jid fhz;lq;
$wpdhH? fisf; nfhz;lJ?
fyP y pNah fypyp %d; W
232. nrhw;nghUs; 242.esntz; g htpy; fhz; l q; f isf;
1. ts;is - ney;Fj;Jk; NghJ $Wf?
ngz;fshy; ghlg;gLk; xUtifg; Rak; t u fhz; l k; > fypnjhlH
ghl; L fhz;lk;> fypePq;F fhz;lk;.
2. msF - Nfhop
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243. e s n t z ; g h t p d ; vj;jid 24. jhH - khiy

ntz;ghf;fis nfhz;Ls;sJ? 25. fhrpdp - epyk;
ehD}w;W Kg;gj;njhU ntz;ghf;fs; 26. ed;Djy; - ey;y new;wp
244. epljehl;L kd;dd; esd;> tpjHg;g 27. nts;fp - ehzp
ehl;L kd;dd; kfs; jkae;jp Mfpa 28. fsp$u - kfpo;r;rp nghq;f
,UtUk; ve;jg; gwitfs; cjtpapd; 29. taNte;J - typikkpF murd;
xUtiug; gw;wp xUtH mwpe;J (esd;)
md;G nfhz;ldH? 30. xz;jhiu - xspkpf;f kyHkhiy
md; d g; g wit 31. ky;yy; - tsk;
245. nrhw;nghUs; 32. klehL - ,isagR
1. Mop - fly; 33. kotpil - ,sq;fhis
2. tb mk;G - tbf;fg;gl;l mk;G 34. nrk;khe;J - ngUkpjj;Jld;
3. tpRk;G - thdk; 35. kWF - murtPjp
4. nrhw;whd; - ntd;whd; cyfk; cs;sq;ifapy;
5. muT - ghk;G
246. f z p d p i a Kjd;Kjypy;
6. gps;isf;FUF - ehiuf;FQ;R
fz;lwpe;jtH ahH?
7. ts;is - xUtif ePHf;nfhb
rhHy]; ghg; N g[;
8. flh - vUik 247. rhHy[; ghg;Ng[; ve;j Mz;by;
9. ntstp - ft;tp ve;ehl;by; gpwe;jhH?
10. rq;fpd; gpsi
; s - rq;Ff;FQ;Rfs; fp.gp. 1833 Mk; Mz;L> ,q;fpyhe;J
11. nfhb - gtsf;nfhb ehl;by;
12. NfhL - nfhk;G 248. fzpdp cUthf vJ Kjy; gbtkhf
13. fop - cg;gq;fop mike;jJ?
14. jpiu - miy kzpr; r l; l k;
15. Nkjp - vUik 249. rpynehbfspy; kpy;ypad; fzf;F
16. fs; - Njd; fisr; nra;J fhl;Lk; fzpdpia
17. Gs; - md;dk; ve;j Mz;by; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ?
,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L
18. Nrb - Njhop
250. fzf;fpLk; fUtpiaf; fz;lwpe;jtH
19. <upUtH - ehy;tH
ahH?
20. CryhLw;whs; - kdk; jLkhwpdhs;
gpNs]; gh];fy;
21. nrk;ik NrH - Gfo;kpF 251. gpNs];gh];fy; vd;Dk; mwpQH
22. fbkhiy - kzkhiy ve;efiur; NrHe;jtH?
23. #o;tpjp - ey;tpid ghupR efiu
87

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252. Kjy; nray; j pl; l tiuthsH 259. ve;j Mz;by; xU fzpdpapypUe;J

vdg;Nghw;wg;gl;ltH ahH? kw;nwhU fzpdpfF ; r; nra;jpia khw;w
Mq;fpyf; ftpQH igudpd; kfs; kpd;fhe;j ehlhitg; gad;gLj;jpdH?
“Nyb yt;Ny];” 1960 Mk; Mz;L
253. `hHthHL gy;fiyf;foff; fzpjg; 260. xU fl;lj;jpw;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; fzpdp
NguhrpupaH “N`hthHL [f;fd;”
fis vy;yhk; fk;gpr; RUSld;
vd; g hiu _____ JizAld;
,izf;f ____ vd;Dk; rpWgyif
vz;zpyf;ff; fzpdpiaf;
iag; nghUj;jp gad;gLj;jpdhHfs;?
fz;lwpaj; J}z;baJ?
I. gp.vk;. nghwpahsH <jHnel; ml; i l
254. fzpjg; NguhrpupaH N`hthHL 261. <jHnel; ml;il vd;Dk; ,izg;G
[f;fd; fz;lwpe;j vz;zpyf;ff; _____ vdg;gl;lJ.
fzpdpapd; ngaH vd;d? FWk; g ug; G tiyg; g pd; d y;
`hHthHL khHf; -1 262. x U t l ; l h u j ; J f ; F s ; c s ; s
fzpdpfis ,izg;gjw;F ve;j
255. jw;NghJ mnkupf;fhTk; [g;ghDk;
tiyg;gpd;dy;fs; gad;gLfpwJ?
ve; j f; fzpdpia cUthf; f g;
mfd;w gug;G tiyg;gpd;dy;
Nghl;bapLfpwhHfs;?
263. Rtpl; r Hyhe; J ehl; i lr; rhHe; j
kPj;jpwd; fzpdp
_____ vd;Dk; ,aw;gpay; ty;YeH>
256. fzpdpapd; tiffs; ahit?
1989 Mk; Mz;L cyfshtpa
1. gy;Y}lf trjpnfhz;l fzpdp
tiyg;gpd;dy; vdg; ngaupl;lhH.
2. kbf;fzpdp
gpk; n gHdH yP
3. ifalf;ff; fzpdp
264. cyfshtpa tiyg; g pd; d iy
257. “,izak;” vd;Dk; tbtj;jpw;F
_____ vdTk; miof;fpwhHfs;.
tpj;jpl;ltH ahH? itaf tpupT tiy
[hd; lh];ly; vd;Dk; 265. ,izaj;jsr; Nritiag; gad;
mnkupf; f uhthH gLj;jj; Njitahd nghUs;fs;
258. vjd; thapyhf ,yf;fpak;> mwptpay;> ahit
thdpay; tuyhW> Gtpapay;> fzpjk;> 1. fzpdp 2. njhiyNgrp
jpiug;glk; vd vz;zw;w Jiw 3.,izar;Nrit 4.khw;wp
fspd; nra;jpfis mwpa KbAk;? 5.njhlHG nkd; n ghUs;
,izak; 266.njhiyNgrp topahff; fzpdp
iaAk; khw;wpiaAk; ,izj;Jg;
gad;gLj;Jk; KiwNa NritahFk;.
njhiyNgrp ,izg; G r;
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267. vjd; nray;gLtijf; nfhz;L ,yf; f zk;

,iza ,izg;G ehd;F tof;F : ,ay;G tof;F
tiffshff; fpilf;fpd;wJ jFjp tof;F
itaf gpupT tiy
274. ek; Kd;NdhH ve;jr; nrhy;yhy;
268. e h d ; F t i f a h d , i z a
toq; f p te; j hHfNsh mjid
,izg;Gfisf; $Wf
mg;gbNa ehKk; toq;fp tUtjw;F
1. cWg;gpdH vz;zpyf;f ,izg;G
ngaH vd;d
2. fk;gp tlkhw;wp
tof; F
3. nraw;iff;Nfhs; Nrit
275. tof;fpd; ,Utiffs; ahit
4. fz;ziwr; Nrit
1. ,ay;G tof;F
269. fzpdpiag; gad;gLj;jpf; fw;Fk;
2. jFjp tof;F
fy;tpNa _____ MFk;.
276. ve;jr; nrhy; jdJ ,ay;G nghUs;
fzpdp topf;fy;tp
khwhky; xNu nghUisr;
270. fzpdp topahf _____ Ig; ngw
Rl;LfpwNjh mjw;F _____ vd;W
KbAk;.
ngaH.
nkhopf; f y; t p
,ay;G tof;F
271. _____ vd;Dk; ,izaj;jsk; jkpo;
277. ,ay;G tof;fpd; tiffs; ahit
vOj;Jfis vOjTk; xypf;fTk; ,yf; f zKilaJ> ,yf; f zg;
fw;Wj; jUfpwJ. Nghyp k&c.
jkpok; 278. ,yf;fzg;gpio ,y;yhky; toq;fp
272. njhiyj; n jhlHGj; Jiwapy; tUtij _____ vd;gH.
<uhapuk; Mz; L fspy; Vw; g l; l ,yf; f zKilaJ
Kd;Ndw;wj;ij tpl ve;j Mz;L 279. efHg;Gwk;> fhy;tha;> nfhk;G Edp
fspy; Vw;gl;Ls;s Kd;Ndw;wk; gy Nghd;w ,yf;fzKila nrhw;fisg;
E}W klq;fhFk; GwefH> tha;f;fhy;> Edpf;nfhk;G
fle;j 20 Mz;L vd khw; w p ek; Kd; N dhHfs;
273. fle; j ,Ugjhz; L f; fzpdpg; ,yf;fz KilaJ Nghy toq;fp
gazj;jpy; ,izaj;jpd; gq;F tUtij _____ vd;fpNwhk;.
kpfr; rpwe;jJ vd;Nw nrhy;Ntd; ,yf; f zg; N ghyp
vdf; $wpatH ahH? 280. jQ;rhT+H> Nfhak;Gj;JhH> ,it
fzpdp ty;YeH gpy;Nfl;]; jQ;ir> Nfhit vdr; rpije;J
te;Js;sjhy; ,ij ___ vd;fpNwhk;.
k&c
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281. jFjpahd nrhw;fisg; NgRtJ 287. “ahopdp ghlk; gbj;jhs;” ,j;njhlH

_____ vd;gH. ahJ?
jFjp tof;F ,yf; f zKilaJ.
282. jFjp tof;fpd; tiffs; ahit
kuGr; n rhw; f s;
,lf;fulf;fy;> kq;fyk;> FOcf;Fwp
283. gyH Kd;Nd $w ,lHg;ghlhfj; 288. Kd; N dhH vr; n rhy; i y vg; g b
Njhd;Wk; nrhw;fis ePff ; pj; jFe;j toq;fpdNuh mr;nrhy;iy mg;gbNa
nrhw;fshy; mg;nghUisj; njuptpgg; J Vw;W toq;Fjy; _____
_____ vd;gH. kuG
,lf; f ulf; f y; tpyq;Ffspd; ,sikg;ngaHfs;
284. mkyq;fykhd nrhy;iy ePf;fp 1. mzpw;gps;is
kq;fykhd nrhy;yhy; mg;nghUis 2. Gypg;gwo;
toq;FtJ _____ vd;gH. 3. eha;f;Fl;b
kq; f yk; 4. fPupg;gps;is
285. xU FOtpdH jkf;F kl;Lk; GupAk;
5. vUikf;fd;W
tifapy; xU nghUSf;Ff; Fwpgg ; hf
6. khd;fd;W
toq;Fk; ngaiuf; _____ vd;gH
7. gd;wpf;Fl;b
FOcf; F wp
8. rpq;ff;FUis
286. nghUj;Jf:
9. fOijf;Fl;b
1. ,yf;fzKilaJ - Nfhit
10. Ml;Lf;Fl;b
2. ,yf;fzg;Nghyp - epyk;
11. ahidf;fd;W
3. k&c - GwefH
12. Fuq;Ff;Fl;b
4. ,lf;fulf;fy; - gwp
13. Fjpiuf;Fl;b
5. kq;fyk; - fhy; fOtp te;jhd;
14. vypf;FQ;R
6. F*cf;Fwp- ,iwtdb NrHe;jhH
tpil:
tpyq; F fspd; thoplq; f s;
1. epyk;
1. Ml;Lg;gl;b
2. GwefH
2. Fjpiuf;nfhl;by;
3. Nfhit
3. Nfhopg;gz;iz
4. fhy; fOtp te;jhd;
4. khl;Lj;njhOtk;
5. ,iwtdb NrHe;jhH
5. ahidf;$lk;
6. gwp
6. thj;Jg;gz;iz
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tpyq;F gwit ,dq;fspd; xypkuG nrb nfhb kuq;fspd; njhFg;gplk;

1. Me;ij myWk; 1. Myq;fhL
2. fOij fj;Jk; 2. fk;gq;nfhy;iy
3. fhf;if fiuAk; 3. gde;Njhg;G
4. fpsp nfhQ;Rk; 4. rTf;Fj;Njhg;G
5. eup CisapLk; 5. Nrhsf; nfhy;iy
6. Fjpiu fidf;Fk; 6. gyhj; Njhg;G
7. Fapy; $Tk; 7. njd;de;Njhg;G
8. Nfhop nfhf;fupf;Fk; 8. Njapiyj;Njhl;lk;
9. rpq;fk; Koq;Fk; 9. G+Q;Nrhiy
10. kapy; mfTk; nghUs; f spd; njhFg; G
11. ahid gpspWk; 1. Ml;L ke;ij
jhtu cWg; G g; n gaHfs; 2. jpuhl;irf;Fiy
1. <r;r Xiy 3. khl;Lke;ij
2. Nrhsj;jl;il 4. rhtpf;nfhj;J
3. khtpiy 5. itf;Nfhw;NghH
4. Ntg;ge;jio 6. fw;Ftpay;
5. gidNahiy 7. Ntsq;fhL
6. gyh ,iy 8. ahidf;$l;lk;
7. jhio kly; 9. gRepiu
8. njd;idNahiy
nghUSf; N fw; w tpidkuG
9. %q;fpy; ,iy 1. NrhW cz;
10. fKfq;$e;jy;
2. gok; jpd;
11. thio ,iy
3. Nfhyk; ,L
12. new;whs; 4. jP %l;L
fha; f spd; ,sepiy 5. ghy;gUF
1. mtiug;gpQ;R 6. ePH Fb
2. njd;dq ; F
; Uk;ig
7. ghl;Lg;ghL
3. KUq;ifg;gpQ;R 8. japH fil
4. khtL 9. glk; tiu
5. thiof;rr;ry;
10. ftpij ,aw;W
6. nts;supg;gpQ;R 11. tpsf;if Vw;W
12. $iu Nta;
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289. nghUj; J f 296. ngz;zpd; Kfj;jpwF

; xg;Gikahff;
1. kf;fs; - NghH fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ_____
2. tPuH - fw;iw epyT
3. tpwF - $l;lk; 297. nghUj;Jf
4. Rs;sp - fl;L 1. tz;L - jhkiu
5. itf;Nfhy; - gil 2. kq;ifapd; Kfk; - ehtw;gok;
tpil 3. kyHf;fuk; - thd;epyT
1. $l;lk; tpil:
2. gil 1. ehtw;gok;
3. fl;L 2. thd;epyT
4. fw;iw 3. jhkiu
5. NghH 298. “Gfd;whs;” vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ
,ay; ehd;F $wpdhs;
nra;As; gFjp ghujj; j ha;
tpNtfrpe; j hkzp 299. ghujj;jha; vd;w ghlypd; MrpupaH
290. “jpaq;F” vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ ahH
kaq;fp mryhk; g pif mk; i kahH
291. “rk;G” vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ 300. mryhk;gpif mk;ikahH gpwe;j CH
ehty; vJ
292. “kjpak;” vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ jpz;btdj;jpw;F mUfpy; cs;s
epyT ,ul; l iz
293. “rk;Gtpd; fdp” vdf; Fwpff
; g;gLtJ 301. mryhk;gpif mk;ikahH ,aw;wpa
vJ E}y;fs; vJ
ehtw; g ok; Mj;jp#b ntz;gh> jpyfH Guhzk;
294. “kJ” vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ Rthkpfs; rupjk;> fhe;jp Guhzk;>
Njd; 302. mryhk; g pif mk; i kahH xU
_____ MthH.
295. Fwpg;G
rpwe; j Ngr; r hsH
tpNtfrpe;jhkzp vd;Dk; ,e;E}y;
303. mryhk;gpif mk;ikahiu ,f;fhy
GytH gyuhy; ,aw; w g; g l; l xsitahH vd;W ahH ghuhl;LthH?
ghf;fspd; njhFg;G. ,e;E}iyj; jpU.tp.f
njhFj;jtH ahnudj; njupatpyi ; y. 304. mryhk;gpif mk;ikahH gy fhyk;
ve;j Cupy; tho;e;jhH
jpUg;ghjpupg; GypA+upy; (flY}H)
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305. mryhk;gpif mk;ikahH jdJ 313. NtYehr;rpahupd; ngw;NwhH ngaH

,Wjpf; fhyj;jpy; ve;j Cupy; vd;d?
tho;e;jhH nry;yKj;J NrJgjp> rf;fe;jp
tlY}H Kj; j hj; j hs;
306. mryhk;gpif mk;ikahH jdJ
314. NtYehr; r pahupd; je; i j ____
,Wjpf; fhyj;jpy; ehD}w;W xd;gJ
Mz;l kd;dH MtH.
ghly; f isf; nfhz; l _____
,uhkehjGuk;
vd;Dk; nra;As; E}iy ,aw;wpdhH
,uhkypq;f Rthkpfs; rupjk; 315. NtYehr;rpahH gpwe;j Mz;L vJ
307. fhe;jpGuhzk; vj;jidg; ghly; fp.gp. 1730 Mk; Mz;L
fisf; nfhz;lJ? 316. NtYehr;rpahH _____ thupirg;
<uhapuj;J Kg;gj;J ehd;F Nghd; N w MAjg; g apw; r p Kjy;
308. fhe;jpGuhzk; vd;Dk; E}y; ahiug; midj;ijAk; fw;Wj; NjHe;jhH
ghl;Lilj; jiytuhff; nfhz;L Mz;
ghlg;ngw;wJ? 317. NtYehr;rpahupd; fztH ahH
fhe; j pabfs; rptfq;if kd;dH Kj;JtLfehjH
309. nrhw;nghUs;
318. M q ; f p N y a H v e ; j M z ; b y ;
1. tha;ik - cz;ik
rptfq;ifr; rPikapd; kPJ
2. fisAk; - ePfF ; k;
3. tz;ik - ts;sy; jd;ik gilnaLj;jhH
4. Jyq;Fjy; - tpsq;Fjy; 1772 Mk; Mz;L
5. Nra;ik - njhiyT 319. Kj; J tLfehjH ahUld; NghH
310. “jtk;” vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ nra;J tPukuzkile;jhH
ngUk; N gW Mq; f pNyaH
311. “fUiz” vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ 320. NtYehr; r pahH Mq; f pNyaiu
,uf; f k; vjpHg; g ijf; Fwpj; J ahUld;
312. “jha;ikad; gpwid” ,jidg; fye;J NgrpdhH?
ik#H kd;dH IjH myp
gpupj;J vOJf.
321. NtYehr;rpahUf;F cjt tpUk;gpa
jha;ik + md;gpd; + jid
IjH myp vj;jid giltPuHfis
,e;jpa tpLjiyg; mtUld; mDg;gpdhH?
Nghupy; jkpofg; Iahapuk;
ngz;fspd; gq;F 322. NtYehr; r pahH jd; fztiuf;
nfhd;w Mq;fpNyaiu ntd;W ve;j
Mz;by; rptfq;ifia kPl;lhH
1780 Mk; Mz;L
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323. NtYehr; r pahH ____ rNfhjuH 330. flY}H mQ;riyak;khs; kpfr;rpwe;j

fSld; tPuHgilf;Fj; jiyik _____ Mf tpsq;fpdhH
Naw;Wr; nrd;whH Ngr; r hsH
kUJ 331. FLk;gr; nrhj;JfisAk; FbapUe;j
324. flY}H mQ; r iyak; k hs; ve; j tPli; lAk; tpw;W vjw;fhf nryT
Mz;by; gpwe;jhH nra;jhH?
1890 Mk; Mz;L tpLjiyg; N ghuhl; l k;
325. flY}H mQ;riyak;khs; gpwe;j 332. ePyd; rpiyia mfw;Wk; Nghuhl;lj;
CH vJ jpy; jk;Kila vj;jid taJ
flY}upy; cs;s KJefupy; kfisAk; <LgLj;jpdhH?
326. ve;j Mz;by; fhe;jpabfs; xj;Jio xd;gJ taJ
ahik ,af;fj;ijj; njhlq;fpa 333. fhe;jpabfs; rpiwapy; ,Ug;gtHfisg;
NghNj mQ; r iyak; k hs; jkJ ghHf; f te; j NghJ xd; g Nj
nghJ tho;fi ; fiaj; njhlq;fpdhH tajhd mk;khfz;Z mQ;riy
1921 Mk; Mz;L
ak;khspd; kfs; vd;gijawpe;J>
327. flY}H mQ;riyak;khs; ve;nje;j
mr; r pWkpiaj; jd; D l D f ; F
Nghuhl;lq;fspy; fye;J nfhz;L
Mrpukj;J mioj;Jr; nrd;W _____
gy Mz;L rpiwapy; thbdhH
vd;W ngaupl;Lg; gbf;fTk;
ePyd; rpiyia mfw;Wk; Nghuhl;lk;>
itj;jhHfs;
cg;Gf;fha;rR ; k; Nghuhl;lk;> kwpay;
thHjhtpy; cs;s yPyhtjp
Nghuhl;lk;> jdpahs; mwg;
334. mQ;riyak;khs; gHjh Ntlkzpe;J
Nghuhl;lk;> nts;isaNd ntspNaW
ve; j tz; b apy; fhe; j pabfis
,af;fk; Mfpa Ie;J Nghuhl;lk;
Vw;wpr; nrd;whH
328. flY}H mQ;riyak;khs; ve;nje;j
Fjpiutz; b
rpiwapy; milg;gl;L ,Ue;jhH
335. mQ;riyak;khspd; kfs; ngaH
flY}H> jpUr;rp> NtY}H>
vd;d
ngy; y hup
mk; k hf; f z; Z
329. NtY}Hr; rpiwapy; ,Ue;j NghJ
336. fhe;jpabfs; ahiuj; njd;dhl;bd;
fUTw;w epiyapy; ,Ue;j mtiu
[hd;rpuhzp vd;wioj;jhH?
(flY}H mQ;riyak;khs;) ve;j
flY}H mQ; r iyak; k hs;
muR ntspapy; mDg; g p tpl; L
337. mk;G[j;jk;khs; ve;j Mz;L gpwe;jhH
kfg;Ngw;wpwF; g; gpd; kPzL
; k; rpiwapy;
1899 Mk; Mz;L rdtup8
milj;jJ?
Mq;fpNya muR
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338. mk; G [j; j k; k hs; tP l ; b ypUe; N j 345. fhe;jpabfshy; jj;njLf;fg;gl;l

ve;nje;j nkhopfisj; jpwk;gl kfs; vd; W ahH nry; y khf
gapd;whH? miof;fg;gl;lhH?
jkpo;> Mq;fpyk;> ,e;jp> rkw;fpUjk;. mk; G [j; j k; k hs;
339. mk;G[j;jk;khs; ahUila vspik 346. mk;G[j;jk;khs; epWtpa njhz;L
ahd Njhw;wj;jpdhy; ftug;gl;L epWtdj;jpd; ngaH vd;d
vspikahf tho;ej ; hH rPdpthr fhe;jp epiyak;
md; i d f]; J }upgha; 347. 1964 Mk; Mz;L mk;G[j;jk;khs;
340. mk;G[j;jk;khs; vf;Fzq;fisj; ngw;w tpUJ ahJ
Jwe;jhH? jhkiuj;jpU (gj;k=)
gl;L> gfl;L> Mq;fpyNkhfk;. 348. mk;G[j;jk;khs; jk; vOgjhz;L
341. mk;G[j;jk;khs; gy;NtW fl;Lg; epidthf ve; j mupa E}iy
ghLfs; kpFe;j FLk;gj;jpypUe;J
vOjpAs;shH
jk; i k tpLtpj; J f; nfhz; L
ehd; fz;l ghujk;
vjw;fhfg; ghLgl;lhH?
ehl;L tpLjiy Jizg; g hlk;
342. _____ KjypatHfNshL el;Gf; kuj;jpd; Ntz;LNfhs;
nfhz;L ngz;zbikf;F vjpuhf 349. XH Vf;fH gug;gstpy; tsHe;Js;s
mk;G[j;jk;khs; Fuy; nfhLj;jhH kuq;fs; gjpndl;Lg; NgHfSf;F XH
it. K. Nfhijehafp mk;khs;> Mz; b w; F j; Njitahd capH
Uf;Fkzp yl;Rkpgjp fhw;iwf; fpilf;fr; nra;fpd;wd.
343. mk;G[j;jk;khs; ahUila ghliyg; njhifepiyj; njhlHfs;
ghb tpLjiy czHit Cl;b 350. nrhw; f s; ,uz; L Kjyhfj;
Mq; f pNya muRf; F vjpuhfr; njhlHe;J te;J nghUs; jUtJ
nray;gl;lhH? _____ vdg;gLk;.
kfhftp ghujpahupd; ghly; njhlH
344. me;epaj;Jzpfs; tpw;Fk; filf;Fk; 351. nrhw;fs; njhluhFk; NghJ ,U
Kd;ghf kwpay; Nghuhl;lk; epfo;jj ; p nrhw;fSf;F ,ilNa Ntw;Wik
ajhy; mk;G[j;jk;khs; vr;rpiwapy; tpid> ctik Kjypatw;Ws;
milf;fg;gl;lhH? VNjDk; xd;W kiwe;J tUk;.
NtY}Hr; rpiwapy; ,q;qdk; cUGfs; kiwe;J tUk;
njhlHfisj; _____ vd;gH.
njhifepiyj; n jhlHfs;
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352. fay;> tpop ,t;tpU nrhw;fSf;F cs;stw;Ws; VNjDk; xd;W _____

,ilNa Nghd;w vd;Dk; ctk Mf tUk;.
cUG kiwe; J te; J s; s jhy; Ntw;Wik cUG
,jid _____ vdf;$WtH. 361. ,U nrhw;fSf;fpilNa Ntw;Wik
ctikj; njhif cUG vd;fpNwhk;. kiwe;J tUtij
353. njhifepiyj; n jhlH vj; j id Ntw; W ikj; n jhif
tifg;gLk;? 362. “ghy; gUfpdhd;” ,jpy; “I” vd;Dk;
MW cUG kiwe; J s; s jhy; ,ij
354. njhifepiyj; njhlupd; tiffisf; _____ vdf; $WtH
$Wf ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif
1. Ntw;Wikj;njhif 363. “jiy tzq;fpdhd;.” ,jpy; My;
2. tpidj;njhif vd;Dk; cUG kiwe;Js;s jhy;
3. gz;Gj;njhif ,ij _____ vd;gH.
4. ctikj;njhif %d;whk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif
5. ck;ikj;njhif 364. “NtYf;F kfd;” ,jpy; “F” vd;Dk;
6. md; n khopj; n jhif cUG kiwe; J s; s jhy; ,ij
355. “fz;zid ,uhkd; ghHj;jhd;” _____ vd;gH.
vd;Dk; njhlupy; “I” vd;Dk; ehd; f hk; Ntw; W ikj; n jhif
cUG ahH> ahiug; ghHj;jhd; vdg; 365. “Cu; ePq;fpdhd;” ,jpy; “,d;”
ngaiu NtWgLj; j pf; fhl; L k; vd;Dk; cUG kiwe;Js;sjhy;
cWg;Gf;F vd;Wg; ngaH.
,ij _____ vd;gH.
Ntw; W ik
Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif
356. ngaHg; nghUis NtWgLj;jpf;
366. “nrq;Fl;Ltd; rl;il” ,jpy; “mJ”
fhl;Lk; cUig ____ vd;fpNwhk;.
vd;Dk; cUG kiwe;Js;s jhy;
Ntw;Wik cUG
,ij _____ vd;gH.
357. Ntw;Wikfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
Mwhk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif
vl; L
367. Fifg;Gyp ,jpy; fz; vd;Dk;
358. Kjy; Ntw; W ikf; F k; vl; l hk;
cUG kiwe; J s; s jhy; ,ij
Ntw;Wikf;Fk; _____ ,y;iy
_____ vd;gH.
cUG
Vohk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif
359. vj;jid cUGfs; cs;sd
6> I> My;> F> ,d;> mJ> fz;>
360. ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik cUG Kjy;
Vohk; Ntw; W ik cUG tiu
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368. fhyq; f hl; L k; ,ilepiyAk; nkhopj;jpwd; gapw;rp

nganur;r tpFjpAk; kiwe;J tUk;
nganur;rk; _____ vdg;gLk;. 376. gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fSf;Nfw;w jkpo;r;
tpidj; n jhif nrhw;fis mwpNthk;
369. nrk;nkhop vd;Dk; njhlH _____ rk];fpUjk; - jkpo;
gz; G j; n jhif mfq;fhuk; - nrUf;F
370. fay;tpop vd;gJ _____ mjpH\;lk; - ew;NgW
ctikj; n jhif mgpg;gpuhak; - fUj;J
371. ky;ypif vd;gJ rpwg;Gg; ngaH> mG+Htk; - GJik
G+ vd;gJ nghJg;ngaH ,uz;Lf;Fk; Muhjid - topghL
,ilapy; Mfpa vd;Dk; gz;G Mde;jk; - kfpo;r;rp
cUG kiwe;J te;Js;sjhy; ,J rgjk; - #Siu
_____ vdg;gLk;. jpdrup - ehs;NjhWk;
,Unganuhl;Lg; gz;Gj;njhif ijupak; - JzpT
372. xU ngaUf;F my;yJ xU nrhy;Yf;F G+i[ - topghL
,ilapYk; ck; vd;Dk; ,ilr; cUJ - jkpo;
nrhy; kiwe; J te; J nghUs; gQ;rhaj;J - Ik;Nguhak;
jUtjhy; mJ ____ vdg;gl;lJ. gjpy; - tpil
ck; i kj; n jhif gNy - ed;W
373. Ntw;Wik> tpid> gz;G> ctik Ngl;b - NeHfhzy;
ck; i k Mfpa njhifepiyj; igrh - fhR
njhlHfSf;Fg; Gwj;Nj my;yhj mry; - Kjy;
rpy nkhopfs; njhf; F epd; W fr;Nrup - muq;fk;
nghUs; jUtJ _____ MFk; Fkh];jh - vOj;jH
md; n khopj; n jhif ifJ - jis
374. “gtstha; Ngrpdhs;” - ,j;njhlupd; F\p - kfpo;rr ; p
njhif vd;d NghHj;Jf;fprpak; - jkpo;
tpidj; n jhif mykhup - neLk;Ngio
375. MLnfhb> gha;Gyp> miyfly; fpuhk;G - ,ytq;fk;
Mfpa njhlHfs; MFk;. rhtp - jpwTNfhy;
tpidj; n jhif gapd; W te; j rd;dy; - gyfzp
njhlHfs; Nk];jpup - jiyikj; njhopy;fs;
mugp - jkpo;
jfty; - nra;jp
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tf;fpy; - tof;FiuQH ,ay; Ie;J

ghf;fp - epYit nra;As; - fhtbr;rpe;J
kf;fH - ,ilQ;ry; 377. fhtbr;rpe;J ghliy ,aw;wpatH
kh%y; - gioagb ahH
kpl;lha; - jPq;fl;b mz; z hkiyahH
kuhj;jp - jkpo; 378. mz;zhkiyahH gpwe;j CH vJ
fhfpjk; - jhs;
jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lj;Jr;
fpy;yhb - nfhbNahd;
nrd; d pFsk;
mghz;lk; - tPzg ; opf;$w;W
379. mz;zhkiyahupd; ngw;NwhH ahH
ml;ltiz- nghUl;Fwpg;Gg;gl;bay;
nrd;dtH - XTmk;khs;
Ngl;il - GwefH
380. mz;zhkiyahH ,aw;wpa E}y;fs;
ghurPfk; - jkpo;
ahit
[khf;fhsk; - tpupg;G
fhtbr;rpe;J> tPiu me;jhjp> Nfhkjp
[kPd; - epyGyk;
me;jhjp> tPiug;gps;isj;jkpo;
khYkp - ehthNahl;b
381. mz;zhkiyahupd; fhyk; vJ
g[hH - filj;njU
1861-1890
ikjhdk; - jpwe;jntspj;jply;
382. Fwpg;G
Mq;fpyk; jkpo;
J}j; J f; F b khtl; l k; Nfhtpy;
iynrd;]; - cupkk;
gl;bf;F mUfpYs;s tskhd CH
,z;lHtpA+ - NeHfhzy;
fOFkiy. ,q; F f; Nfht p y;
nf];l; `T]; - tpUe;jfk;
nfhz;Ls;s KUfdpd; rpwg;ig
vyh];bf; - nefpop
vspa ,dpa ,irg;ghly;fshy;
Gdy; - tbFoyp Nghw;wpg;ghlg; ngw;wJ ,e;E}y;.
gPNuh - ,Og;giw 383. nrhw;nghUs;
ml;y]; - epyg;glj; njhFg;G
1. fyhgk; - Njhif
capy; - ,WjpKwp
2. tpNtfd; - Qhdp
fTd;rpy; - kd;wk; 3. Nfhy - mofpa
uapy; - njhlH tz;b 4. ,ire;j - nghUj;jkhd
Ngdh - J}ty; 5. thtp - ngha;if
ug;gH - Nja;g;gk; 6. khNj - ngz;Nz
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tpf;fpuk Nrhod; cyh 394. Fwpg; G

384. tpf; f puk Nrhod; cyh- vd; w tpf;fpuk Nrhodpd; gpwg;G:
ghliy ,aw;wpatH ahH tpf;fpuk Nrhod; ,uz;lhk; FNyhj;
xl; l f; $ j; j H Jq;fd; ,uz;lhk; ,uhruhrd; Mfpa
385. xl;lf;$j;jupd; rpwg;Gg;ngaH ahJ? %d;W kd;dHfspd; mitapYk;
ftpr; r f; f utHj; j p nry;thf;NfhL tpsq;fpatH MtH.
386. xl; l f; $ j; j H ,aw; w pa E}y; f s; 395. tpf;fpuk Nrhodpd; jha; ngaH
vit? vd;d?
%tUyh> jf;fahfg;guzp> kJuhe; j fp
FNyhj;Jq;fd; gps;isj;jkpo;. 396. kJuhe;jfp ______ nfhz;l Nrho
387. xl;lf;$j;jupd; fhyk; vJ Guj;ijj; jiyefuhff; nfhz;L
gd; d puz; l hk; E}w; w hz; L Ml;rp nra;jhH.
388. cyh vd;gJ _____ tiffSs; fq; i f
xd;W 397. k y u p d ; g U t q ; f s ; v j ; j i d
njhz;Z}w;whW rpw;wpyf;fpa tifg;gLk;?
389. ahUila rpwg;Gfis vLj;Jf;$Wk; VO
Nehf;fpy; ,t;tifr; rpw;wpyf;fpaq; 398. kyupd; VOtifg; gUtq;fs; ahit?
fs; vOjg;gl;Ls;sd? 1. mUk;G
,iwtd; > kd; d d; > kf; f Ss; 2. nkhl;L
rpwe; N jhH. 3. Kif
390. “cyh” vd;gjw;Fg; nghUs; ahJ 4. kyH
CHtyk; tUjy; 5. myH
391. kfspupd; gUtq; f s; vj; j id 6. tP
tifg;gLk;? 7. nrk;ky;
VO 399. FlFkiyia ClWj;J miy
392. kfspupd; VOtifg; gUtq;fs; ahit? NkhJk; fhtpupiaj; je;jtH ahH?
Ngij> ngJk;ig> kq;if> fNtud;
kle; i j> mupit> njupit> 400. NkU kiyapd; cr;rpapy; Gypf;
Ngupsk; ngz;. nfhb ehl;b nghd;dpahfpa
393. tpf;fpuk Nrhod; Kjw;FNyhj;Jq;f fhtpupapd; ,UfiufisAk;
NrhoDf;F vj;jidahtJ kfd; caHj;jpf; fl;batH ahH?
MthH? Nrhod; fupfhyd;
ehd; f htJ kfd;
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401. ngha;ifahupd; fstop ehw;gJ nra;jp cUthFk; tuyhW

ghlYf; F g; guprhfr; Nrukhd;
409. cyfpy; vq;Nfh xU %iyapy;
fizf; f hy; ,Uk; n ghiwiar;
eilngWk; rpwpa epfo;Tk; ______
rpiwtPL nra;j Nrhod; ahH?
MfpwJ.
nrq; f zhd;
nra; j p
402. Nghupy; ngUikahf vz;zj;jf;f
410. vjd; tsHr;rpapy; Vw;gl;Ls;s kpfg;
tpOg; G z; f s; njhz; Z }w; w hWk;
ngupa Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd; tpisthf
ngw;wtd; ahH?
clDf;Fld; nra;jpfs; ntspaplg;
Nrhod; tprahyad;
gLfpd;wd?
403. rptngUkhd; Mlyuruha;f; fhl;rp
mwptpay; njhopy;El;g tsHr;rp
jUk; jpy;iyf;Fg; nghd;Nta;e;j
411. “Vd;! vd;d? vg;NghJ? vg;gb?
Nrhod; ahH?
vq;Nf? ahH? vDk; md;Gj; njhz;lH
Kjy; guhe;jfd;
404. gjpndl;Lr; rpwW; }HfisAk; ifg;gw;wp MWNgHfs; mwpar; nra; t hH
kiyehL ntd;w Nrhod; ahH? nra;jpapid” vd;W ahH
Kjy; ,uhruhrd; $wpAs;shH?
405. tlf;Nf gilnaLj;Jf; fq;ifAk; mwpQH fpg;spq;
fpof;fpy; flhuKk; ntd;W 412. M W t p d h f ; f S f ; F k ; c u p a
iff;nfhz;L> NruH fg;gw;gil tpilfSk; ve;jg; gf;fj;jpy; ,lk;
KOtijAk; mopj;j Nrhod; ahH? ngw Ntz;Lk;?
,uhNre; j pud; nra;jpapd; Kfg;Gg; gf;fk;
406. rhSf; f paHfspd; jiyefuhd 413. nra; j pia ,dq; f z; l gpd; d H
fy;ahzGuj;jpd; kPJ gilnaLj;J nra;jpahsH vjd; gzpapy;
Kk;Kiw Nghupl;L ntd;w Nrhod; <LgLfpwhHfs;?
ahH? nra;jpiaj; jpul;Lk; gzp
,uhrhjpuhrd; 414. nra;jpiag; ngWjy; vd;gJ vijg;
407. nfhg; g j; J g; Nghupy; Mapuk; Nghd;wJ?
ahidfis ntd;w Nrhod; ahH? Jg; g wpjy;
,uhNre; j pud; 415. M W t p d h f ; f S f ; F k ; c u p a
408. nrhw;nghUs; tpiliaf; fhz;gnjd;gJ vijg;
1. FtL - kiy Nghd;w mupa gzp?
2. nghd;dp - fhtpup flypy; %o;fp Kj;njLg;gJ
3. NfhJ - Fw;wk;
4. mutk; - ghk;G
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416. xt;nthU nra;jpahsUk; jkf;nfd 421. nra;jpahsHfs; vjidg; gbj;Jj;

xJf; f g; g l; l ,lq; f Sf; N fh> jhd; nra; j pahsH nra; j piaj;
mYtyfq;fSf;Nfh ehs;NjhWk; jpul;Lfpd;whHfs;?
nrd;W nra;jpfisj; jpul;Ltjw;Fg; murpd; mwpf; i f> thzpff;
ngaH vd;d? FOf;fspd; ntspaPLfs;>
nra; j pf; f sk; epjpaikr; r upd; tuT nryTj;
417. ve;nje;j nra;jpf;fsq;fSf;Fr; jpl; l q; f s;
nra;jpahsHfs; ehs;NjhWk; nrd;W> 422. nra;jpahsHfs; mwptpay; Ma;T
cupatuplk; njhlHG nfhz; L KiwfisAk; mtw;iw vg;gbg;
nra;jpfisg; ngw;W tUtH? gad;gLj;JtJ vd;gijAk; mwpa
nra;jpfspd; %yq;fshf ,Uf;Fk; cjTtJ vJ?
mikr;rfq;fs;> fhty; epiyaq;fs;> Gs; s papay;
kUj;Jtkidfs;> ePjpkd;wq;fs;. 423. nghJkf;fspd; fUj;Jfis vjd;
418. , y z ; l d ; i l k ; ] ; , j o p d ; thapyhf elj;JthHfs;?
nra;jpahsH ______ Nghupd; NghJ $nwLg;G Ma;T
Neubahfg; NghH eilngWk; 424. nra;jpfis vjd; %yk; ngwyhk;?
,lj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W nra;jpfisj; cs; @ Hr; nra; j pahsH
jpul;bdhHfs;. ntspA+Hr; nra; j pahsH
,e; j pa rP d g; N ghH rpwg; G r; nra; j pahsH
419. “,z;bad; vf;]g ; pu];” nra;jpahsH MHtyHfs; muR mwpf;iffs;
______ rpiwr;rhiyapd; epiy nra;jp epWtd;q;fs;
gw;wp mwpa jhNd rpiwg;gl;Lr; 425. cynfq;Fk; elf;Fk; nra;jpfis
nra;jpfisj; jpul;bj;je;J Gfo; clDf; F ld; vjd; thapyhfg;
ngw;whH. ngwyhk;?
jpy; y papYs; s fk;gpapy;yhj; je;jp> njhiyNgrp>
420. vjidf; fhz nra;jpahsUf;Fj; nry;Ngrp> njhiy mr;R njhiy
jdp ,lk; xJf;fpapUg;gH? efy;> thndhyp> njhiyf;fhl;rp
tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;bfs;> Gfo; fzpdp.
ngw;w tprhuizfs;> rl;lkd;w 426. nra; j papd; gFjpfs; vj; j id
eltbf;iffs;> khehLfs;> tifg;gLk;?
nghJf; $ l; l q; f s; jiyg;Gr; nra;jp Kfg;Gr;nra;jp
cly;gFjpr; nra;jp (%d;W)
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427. ______> ______ vdg; gjpg;Gfs; 434. tpOe;j kuk; - tpOe;j vd;Dk;
gpupf; f g; g l; L tpbaw; f hiyapy; vr;rtpid kuk; vd;Dk; ngaHr;
midtUf;Fk; fpilf;Fk; tifapy; nrhy;NyhL Kbtjhy; ,J _____
nra;jpjj ; hs;fs; mr;rbf;fg;gLfpdw; d. nganur; r j; n jhlH
Kjy; gjpg;G> ,uz;lhk; gjpg;G 435. te;JNghdhd; - ,jpy; “te;J”
428. Fwpg; G vd; D k; vr; r tpid “Nghdhd; ”
,jopay; fiyr;nrhw;fs; vd;Dk; tpidKw;iwf; nfhz;L
1. Bulletin - rpwg;Gr; nra;jp ,jo; Kbe;Js;sjhy;> ,J _____ vd;gH.
2. Deadline - Fwpj;jfhyk; tpidnar; r j; njhlH
3. Editorial - jiyaq;fk; 436. tPl;ilf;fl;bdhd; - ,j;njhlupy;
4. Fake News - ngha;r;nra;jp ‘I’ vd; D k; Ntw; W ik cUG
5. Flash News - rpwg;Gr;nra;jp ntspg; g ilahf te; J s; s jhy; >
6. Falio No - ,jo; vz; ,ij ______ vd;gH.
7. Green Proof - jpUj;jg;glhj mr;Rg;gb Ntw;Wikj; njhfhepiyj;njhlH
8. Layout - nra;jpj;jhs; tbtikg;G 437. kw;nwhd;W - kw;W + xd;W ‘kw;W’
vd;Dk; ,ilr;nrhy;iy mLj;J
njhfh epiyj; njhlH
‘xd;W’ vd;Dk; nrhy; njhlHe;J
429. xU njhlupy; ,Unrhw;fs; mike;J te;Js;sjhy;> ,J ____ .
,uz;bw;Fk; ,ilapy; nrhy;Nyh ,ilr; n rhw; n whlH.
cUNgh kiwahJ nghUis 438. khKdptH - ,j;njhlupy; ‘kh’
czHj; J khdhy; > mJ ______ vd;gJ cuprn ; rhy;> ,ijj; njhlHe;J
vdg;gLk;.
‘KdptH’ vd;Dk; nrhy; te;Js;s
njhfhepiyj; n jhlH
jhy;> ,J ______ .
430. “fgpyd; te;jhd;” - ,jpy; “fgpyd;”
cupr; n rhw; n whlH.
vd; D k; vOthiaj; njhlHe; J
439. tho;f tho;f tho;f - ,jpy; xNu
“te; j hd; ” vd; D k; gadpiy
te;Js;sjhy;> ,J ______ vd;gH. nrhy; gyKiw mLf;fp te;Js;s
vOtha; j ; njhlH. jhy;> ,J ______ .
431. “fjputh! th”. ,J _____ njhluhFk;. mLf; F j; n jhlH.
tpspj; n jhlH 440. njhfhepiy njhlupd; tiffs;
432. fz;Nld; rPijia - tpidKw;W vj;jid?
Kjypy; te;J ngaiuj; njhlHt xd; g J
jhy; ,ij> ______ vd;gH.
tpidKw; W j; n jhlH
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,ul; i lf; f pstp 444. ‘clk;ghH mopapd; capuhH moptH’

mLf; F j; n jhlH vd;w ghliy vOjpatH ahH?
jpU%yH
441. ‘ghk;G ghk;G’ - ,jidg; gpupj;jhy;
445. j p U k e ; j p u k ; - v d ; w E } i y
nghUs; jUk;. vdNt ,J ______
,aw;wpatH ahH?
MFk;.
jpU%yH
mLf; F j; n jhlH
446. jpU%yupd; gpwe;j fhyk; vJ?
442. ‘fyfy’ - ,jidg; gpupj; j hy;
Ie;jhk; E}w;whz;bd; Kw;gFjp
nghUs; juhJ. vdNt ,J ______
447. irtj; jpUKiwfspy; vj;jidah
MFk;.
tJ jpUKiw ,J?
,ul; i lf; f pstp
gj;jhtJ jpUKiw
443. cupa vOj;J tof;Fr; nrhw;fis
448. jpUke;jpuj;jpw;F ____ vd;Dk; NtW
mwpNthk;
ngaUk; cz;L.
1. Ngr;R tof;F vOj;J tof;F
jkpo; %thapuk;
1. NfhHj;J - Nfhj;J
449. jpUke;jpuk; vj;jid ghly;fisf;
2. Rtw;wpy; - Rtupy;
nfhz;lJ?
3. ehl;fs; - ehs;fs;
%thapuk;
4. kdjpy; - kdj;jpy;
450. jpUke;jpug; ghly; %d;whk; je;jpuj;jpy;
5. gjl;lk; - gjw;wk;
vj;jid ghly;fisf; nfhz;lJ?
6. rpyT - nryT
vOE}w;W ,Ugj;J ehd;F
7. mUfhikapy; - mUfpy;
451. ____vd;gJ ,e;E}ypd; Gfo; ngw;w
2. gpio rup
njhluhFk;.
1. XH khtl;lk; - xU khtl;lk;
xd;Nw Fyk; xUtNd Njtd;
2. xU mikr;rH - XH mikr;rH
452. nrhw; n ghUs;
3. mtuJ kfNdhL - mtUila
1. jplk; - cWjp
kfNdhL
2. nka;Q;Qhdk; - nka;awpT
4. Nkw;fn
; fhz;lhH - Nkw;nfhz;lhH
3. cghak; - toptif
5. me;j Rw;Wyh - me;jr; Rw;Wyh
453. Fwpg; G
6. fz;lij $wNt - fz;lijf;;
%yd; vd;Dk; ngaH> “jpU” vd;Dk;
$wNt
ngauil ngw;W> mj;Jld; “mH”
7. mtHjhd; - mtHjhk;
vd;Dk; kupahijg; gd;ikAk; ngw;W
,ay; MW “jpU%yH” vd Mapw;W.
nra;As; gFjp - jpUke;jpuk;
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Njk; g htzp 463. tPukhKdptupd; fhyk; vJ?

454. N j k ; g h t z p v d ; w g h l i y 1680-1747
,aw;wpatH ahH? 464. Fwpg;G
tP u khKdptH Njk;ghtzp = Njk;gh+mzp =
455. tPukhKdptupd; ,aw;ngaH vd;d? thlhjkhiy@ Njd;+gh+mzp =
fhd;];lhz;bd; N[hrg; ng];fp Njd; Nghd;w
456. tPukhKdptupd; ngw;NwhH ngaH ,dpa ghly;fshyhd khiy. ,e;E}y;
vd;d? ,NaR ngUkhdpd; tsHg; G j;
nfhz;ly; Nghng];fp vyprngj; je;ijahfpa #irag;giuj;
457. eifnra; jd; i kapdk; ngoP jiytuhff; nfhz;L ghlg;gl;lJ.
,j; j ha; ... vd; W njhlq; F k; ,e;E}y; fpwpj;jtr; rkaj;jhupd;
ghliy vOjpatH ahH? fiyf;fsQ;rpak; vd miof;fg;
tP u khKdptH gLfpwJ. ,e;E}ypy; %d;W fhz;lq;
458. tPukhKdptH gpwe;j CH vJ fSk; Kg; g j; j hW glyq; f Sk;
,j; j hyp ehl; b y; fh]; j pf; f psp cs;sd@ ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if
Nahd; %thapuj;J mWE}w;Wg; gjpide;J.
459. tPukhKdptH mwpe;j nkhopfs; ghlg; g Fjpapy; ,lk; n gw; W s; s
vit? ,g;ghly; kftUs; glyj;jpy; cs;sJ.
,j;jhypak;> ,yj;jd P >; fpNuf;fk; 465. nrhw;nghUs;
vgpNuak;> jkpo;> njYq;F> 1. eif - Gd;dif
rkw; f pUjk; 2. Kif - nkhl;L
460. tPukhKdptUf;Fj; jkpo;nkhopia 3. Nkdp - cly;
fw;Wf; nfhLj;jtH ahH? ehlff; f iy
kJiur; Rg;gpujPgf; ftpuhaH
466. cyfpy; NtW vk; n khopf; F k;
461. tPukhKdptupd; rpwg;G ahJ?
,y;yhj jdpr;rpwg;G ve;j nkhopf;F
Kg;gjhk; tajpy; jkpofk; te;J
cs;sJ?
jkpo; gapd;W fhg;gpak;
jkpo; n khop
gilj; j ik
467. jkpon
; khop ___ vdr; rpwg;gpff
; g;gLk;
462. tPukhKdptH ,aw;wpa E}y;fs;
ngUikAilaJ.
vit?
Kj; j kpo;
QhNdhgNjrk;> gukhHj;j FUfij
468. jkpo; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
rJufuhjp> jpUf;fhtY}Hf; fyk;gfk;>
%d;W
njhd;D}y; tpsf;fk;.
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469. %d;W tifahd jkpiof; $Wf? 478. <uhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kw;gl;l

,aw;wkpo;> ,irj;jkpo;> ehlfj; njdf; fUjg;gLk; jkpo; E}y;fspy;
jkpo; VO ehlf E}y;fs; ehl;baj;jpw;Fk;>
470. njhd; W njhl; L g; gbg; g bNa ehlfj;jpw;Fk; ,yf;fzk;
tsHr;rp mile;Js;s fiy vJ? tFj;Js;sd?
KWty;> rae;jk;> nrapw;wpak;>
ehlfk;
kjpthzH ehlfj; j kpo; E}y; >
471. e h l f k ; v d ; D k ; n r h y ; i y g ;
tpsf; f j; j hH $j; J > FzE}y; >
gpupj;njOJf.
$j; J E}y; .
ehL + mfk;
472. ehl;bd; fle;j fhyj;ijAk;> epfo; 479. ahH nra;As; tbtpy; ,aw;wpa jk;
fhyj;ijAk;> tUq;fhyj;ijAk;> jd; ehlftpay; vDk; E}ypy; ehlfk;
mfj;Nj fhl;Ltjhy; _______ vdg; mjd; tpsf;fk;> tiffs;> vOjg;gl
ngaH ngw;wJ vd;gH. Ntz;ba Kiwfs;> ebg;Gf;Fupa
ehlfk; ,yf; f zk; > ebg; g tHfSf; F upa
473. fijia> epfo;rr ; pia czHit ,yf;fzk;> Nghd;wtw;iwf;
ebj; J f; fhl; L tJk; > $j; j hf Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shH?
Mbf;fhl;LtJk; _______ vd;W gupjpkhw; f iyQH
ngaH. 480. R t h k p t p G y h d e ; j H v O j p a
$j; J f; f iy ehlfj;ijg; gw;wpa Muha;rr ; p E}y;
474. jkpopd; njhd; i kahd fiy vJ?
tbtk; vJ? kjq;f #shkzp
ehlfk; 481. kiwkiyabfs; vOjpa ehlfj;ijg;
475. ehlf muq;fk; ,Ue;j nra;jp ve;j gw;wpa Muha;r;rp E}y; vJ?
Fws; topahf mwpa Kbe;jJ? rhFe; j yk;
‘$j;jhl; litf;Fohj; jw;Nw’ 482. ehlfj; j kpo; vd; w jk; E}ypy;
476. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; ,sq;Nfhtbfs;> njhopy; Kiw ehlf muq;Ffisg;
_____> _____ vd;W ehl;bakhLk; gw;wpa nra;jpfis vOjpatH ahH?
khjtpia Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. ehlfg; NguhrpupaH gk;ky;
ehlfNkj; J k; > ehlff; f zpif rk; g e; j dhH.
477. ‘ehl;bak;’> ‘ehlfk;’ ,z;bw;Fk; 483. Vohk; E}w;whz;by; “kNfe;jputHk
nghJthf ve;j nrhy;Ny tof;fpy; gy; y td; ” _____ vd; w ehlf
,Ue;jJ? E}iy vOjpAs;shH?
$j; J kj;j tpyhrk;
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484. gjpndhd;whk; E}w;whz;by; ahUila 492. NguhrpupaH Re; j udhH “kNdhd;

Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; ,uhruhNrr;Rtu kzpak;” vd;Dk; ftpij ehlff;
ehlfk; eilngw;wjhff; fy;ntl;L fhg;gpaj;ij ve;j Mz;by;
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ? ntspapl;lhH?
,uhruhr Nrhod; fp.gp. 1891 Mk; Mz;L
485. ehaf; f kd; d Hfspd; Ml; r pf; 493. “yhHl; ypl;ld;” vOjpa Mq;fpyf;
fhyj;jpy; _______ Njhd;wpd. fijapd; ngaH vd;d?
FwtQ; r p ehlfq; f s;
kiwtop
486. c o t H f s p d ; t h o ; f ; i f i a r ;
494. _______ vd;w ehlfk; jkpo;ehl;by;
rpj;jupj;Js;sit vit?
Kjd; Kjyhf elj;jg;gl;l Njrpa
gs;S ehlftif
rKjha ehlfkhFk;?
487. n e h z ; b e h l f q ; f s ; v e ; j
fjupd; ntw;wp
E}w;whz;bd; gpwg ; Fjpapy; Njhd;wpaJ
495. fjupd; ntw; w p ehlfj; i jj;
gjpNdohk; E}w; w hz; L
njhlHe;J ve;j ehlfq;fs;
488. CHfspy; ____ vd;Dk; ehlftif
elj;jg;gl;ld?
Guhzf; fijfisNa ikakhff;
Njrpaf; n fhb> Njrgf; j p
nfhz;L elj;jg;gl;ld.
496. ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; njhlf;fj;jpy;
njUf; $ j; J
ehlfj;Jiwf;Fg; ngUe;njhz;L
489. ve; j E}w; w hz; b y; mUzhryf;
Gupe;jtH ahH?
ftpuhaupd; ,uhk ehlfk;> Nfhghy
rq; f ujhR Rthkpfs;
fpUl; b d ghujpahupd; ee; j dhH
497. “rq;fujhR Rthkpfs;” vj;jid
rupj;jpuk; Mfpad fl;baq;fhud;
ehlfq;fis vOjpAs;shH?
ciuahly; f NshL KOtJk;
ehw;gJf;Fk; Nky;
ghly;fshf mike;jd
498. ehlf cyfpy; “jkpo; ehlfj;
gjpndl; l hk; E}w; w hz; L
je;ij” vd;W ahiu mioj;jdH?
490. gj;njhd;gjhk; E}w;whz;by; vjd;
gk;ky; rk;ge;jdhH
njhlHghd ehlfq;fs; rpwg;gplk;
499. “jkpo; ehlf kWkyHr;rpj; je;ij”
ngw;wd?
vd; W ehlf cyfpy; ahiu
rKjhar; rPHjpUj;jk;
mioj;jdH?
491. “lk; g hr; r hup tpyhrk; ” - vd; w
fe; j rhkp
ehlfj;jpd; MrpupaH ahH?
500. gk; k y; rk; g e; j dhH vj; j id
fhrp tpRtehjH
ehlfq;fis vOjpAs;shH?
njhz;Z}Wf;Fk; Nky;
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501. kJiuapy; ve;j Mz;by; Gyikf; 508. G+z;bapy; cs;s gs;spapy; gapd;w
flyhd jkpo; %jhl;b xsitahH khztp Ngrpdhs; - ,j;njhlupy;
ehlfk; muq;NfwpaJ? “gs;sp” vd;Dk; ,lg;ngaH mg;
1942 Mk; Mz;L gs;spapy; gapYk; khztpf;F Mfp
502. ehlfk; KOtJk; xsitahuhf te;Js;sjhy;> ,J _______ MFk;.
ebf;Fk; tha;gi
; gg; ngw;Wr; rpwe;j ,lthF ngaH
Kiwapy; ebj;jtH ahH? 509. ‘jprk;gH G+’ - ,j;njhlupy; jprk;gH
jp.f. rz;KfdhH vd;Dk; khjg;ngaH mk;khjj;jpy;
503. jp.f.rz;Kfdhiu _______ vd;W G+f;Fk; G+tpw;F Mfp te;Js;sjhy;
mioj;jdH. ,J _______ MFk;.
xsit rz; K fdhH fhythF ngaH
504. jd; k hd ,af; f k; tYtile; j 510. rpid vd;why; cWg;G> ntw;wpiy
fhyj;jpy; ahUila ehlfq;fs; el; l hd; ,j; n jhlupy; cs; s
gFj;jwpTg; gug;Giu nra;jd? ntw; w piy vd; g J rpidahfpa
mwpQH mz;zh> fiyQH ,iyiaf; Fwpf; f hky; mjd;
fUzhepjp Kjy; nghUshfpa nfhbf;F Mfp
te;Js;sjhy;> ,J _______ MFk;.
MFngaH
rpidahFngaH
505. xd; w d; ,aw; n gaH jd; i df; 511. ‘nghq;fYf;F tPl;by; nts;is
Fwpf;fhky;> jd;NdhL njhlHGila mbg;Nghk;’ ,j;njhlupy; nts;is
NtnwhU nghUSf;F Mfp te;jhy; vd;gJ epwg;gz;G. Mdhy; mJ
mJ _______ vd;W ngaH. epwj;ijf; Fwpff; hky; Rz;zhk;igf;
MFngaH Fwpj;J te;Js;sjhy;> ,J _______
506. “k y ; y p i f # b d h s ; ” v d r ; MFk;.
nrhd;dhy; mq;F ky;ypif vd;gJ gz; g hFngaH
nfhbahfpa Kjw; n ghUisf; 512. gz;ghF ngaUf;F kw;nwhU ngaH
Fwpf;fhky; G+ vd;Dk; rpidiaf; vd;d?
Fwpj;J
; > rpidf;F (cWg;Gf;F) Mfp FzthFngaH
tUtjhy; ,J _______ vdg;gLk; 513. nghq;fy; vd;gJ nghq;Fjyhfpa
KjyhF ngaH. njhopw;ngaH. ,it njhopiyf;
507. “KjyhF ngaUf;F” kw;nwhU Fwpf;fhky; mj;njhopyhy; MFk;.
ngaH vd;d? czitf; Fwpg; g jhy; ,it
nghUshF ngaH _______MFk;.
njhopyhFngaH
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514. MFngaH vj;jid tifg;gLk;? 4. ahidfs; te;jJ - ahidfs;

MW te;jd
515. MFngaupd; MW tiffis 5. ngUkio nga;jikahy; kuq;fs;
vOJf. tPoe; j
; J - ngUkio nga;jikahy;
1. KjyhF ngaH kuq;fs; tPoe ; j
; d
2. ,lthF ngaH 6. taypy; Ml;Lf;fd;W Nka;fpwJ
3. fhythFngaH - taypy; Ml;Lf;Fl;b Nka;fpwJ
4. rpidahF ngaH 7. gR Fl;b Nghl;lJ - gR fd;W
5. FzthF ngaH Nghl;lJ
6. njhopyhF ngaH 8. khl;il ,yhaj;jpy; fl;L -
khl;ilf; nfhl;lifapy; fl;L
nkhopj;jpwd; gapw;r;rp 9. ntw;wpiyj; Njhg;Gf;Fr; nrd;W
516. nrhw;nwhilfspy; mike;Js;s ntw;wpiy gwpjJ ; th - ntw;wpiyj;
tOf;fis mwpNthk; Njhl;lj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W ntw;wpiy
murd; te;jJ (jpiztO) - murd; gwpj;J th
te;jhd; 10. ahid Koq;Fk; - ahid
fgpyd; Ngrpdhs; ( ghy; tO) - gpspWk;
fgpyd; Ngrpdhd; 518. nghUj; J f
Fapy;fs; $tpaJ (vz; tO) - 1. rpq;fk; fidj;jJ - vz;tO
Fapy;fs; $tpd 2. fz;zd; gbj;jhs; - fhytO
fkyh rpupj;jha; (,ltO) fkyh 3. ,d;W tUthd; - jpiz tO
rpupj;jhs; 4. fgpyd; NgrpaJ - kuG tO
tstd; New; W te; j pUf; f pwhs; 5. gwitfs; gwe;jJ - ghy; tO
(fhytO) tstd; New;W te;jhd;. tpilfs;:
Me;ij fj;jpaJ (kuGtO) Me;ij 1. kuG tO 2. ghy; tO 3.
mywpaJ fhytO 4. jpiz tO 5. vz;tO
517. fPo;f;fhZk; njhlHfspy; mike;
Js;s tOf;fis ePf;fp vOJf. ,ay; VO
1. GytH te;jhHfs; - GytH te;jhH nra;As; gFjp
2. kapy; $t Fapy; mftpaJ - jpUf; F ws; gz; G ilik
kapy; mft Fapy; $tpaJ 519. nrhw; n ghUs;
3. jhkiu glk; tiue;jhd; - jhkiu 1. tof;F - ed;ndwp
glk; tiue;jhs; 2. Md;w - caHe;j
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3. ead; - NeHik 525. ,uhkypq; f mbfshH ,aw; w pa

4. ed;wp - cjtp E}y;fs; ahit?
5. eifAs;Sk; - tpisahl;lhfTk; jpUtUl;gh> rPtfhUz;a xOf;fk;>
6. ghlwpthH - newpAilahH kDKiw fz;l thrfk; Kjypad
7. kha;tJ - moptJ 526. tlY}upy; rkur Rj;j rd;khHf;f
8. muk; - thisf; $Hikahf;Fk; rq;fk;> rj;jpa Qhdrig> rj;jpa
fUtp jUkr;rhiy Mfpatw;iw epWtpatH
9. ez;G - el;G ahH?
10. eak; ,y - jPqF ; > ,dpikaw;w ,uhkypq; f H
11. fil - gOJ 527. ,uhkypq;f mbfshupd; fhyk; vJ?
12. efy;ty;yH - rpupj;J kfpo;gtH 1823 -1874
13. khapU Qhyk; - kpfg;ngupa 528. jpUtUl;gh gpupj;J vOJf.
cyfk; jpU+mUs; +gh
14. jpupe;jw;W - jpuptJ Nghd;wJ 529. ‘,iwtd; jpUtUisg; ngWt
jw;fhfg; ghba ghly;’ vd;Wk;
jpUtUl; g h
,iwtdpd; jpUtUshy; ghba
520. ‘jpUtUl;gh’ - vd;w E}iy ,aw;wp ghly; vd;Wk; vg;ghliyf;
atH ahH? Fwpf;fpNwhk;?
,uhkypq; f mbfshH jpUtUl; g h
521. ,uhkypq;f mbfshupd; ngw;NwhH 530. jpUtUl;ghtpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s
ahH? ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if vj;jid?
,uhikah - rpd;dk;ik Iahapuj;J vz;Z}w;Wg;
522. ,uhkypq;f mbfshH gpwe;j CH gjpndl; L g; ghly;
vJ? 531. nrhw;nghUs;
rpjk;guj;Jf;F mUfpYs;s ‘kUJ}H’ 1. grpawhJ - grpj;JaH ePq;fhJ
523. ,uhkypq;f mbfshupd; rpwg;Gg; 2. maHe;j - fisg;Gw;w
ngaHfs; vd;d? 3. ePba - jPuhj
jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhH>
ts; s yhH jkpoH thdpay;
524. thba gapiuf; fz;l Nghnjy;yhk; 532. goe;jkpoHfs; ifahz;l mwptpay;
thbNdd; grpapdhy; ... vdj; EZf;fq;fis vjd; %yk;
njhlq;Fk; jpUtUl;gh ghliy mwpayhk;?
vOjpatH. njhy;fhg;gpak;> rq;f ,yf;fpaq;
,uhkypq; f mbfshH fs;> jpUf;Fws;> rpyg;gjpfhuk;>
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kzpNkfiy> rP t frpe; j hkzp> 540. cyfk; cUz;ilahdJ vd;gij

fk; g uhkhazk; > jpUke; j puk; > ahH njhiyNehf;fpahy; fz;L
jpUthrfk; gpbj;Jr; nrhd;d gpwFjhd; kf;fs;
534. jkpoupd; mwptpay; rpe;jidapy; Vw;Wf; nfhz;ldH?
gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;by; tho;e;j
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ vijg; gw;wpa
fypypNah
mwpthFk;?
541. Nkiy ehl;bdH cyfk; cUz;il
thdpay; ahdJ vd;W fz;lwptjw;F Kd;Ng
535. cyfpy; Njhd;wpa gy;NtW mwptpay; jpUts;StH fz;lwpe;J mjw;F
fy;tpfspy; kpfj; njhd;ikahdJ> FwSk; vOjpAs;shH me;jf; Fws;
gioikahdJ vJ? ahit?
thdpay; fy;tp ‘Rod; W k; VHg; g pd; d J cyfk;
536. cyfk; Ik;G+jq;fshfpa epyk;> ePH> mjdhy; coe;Jk; coNt jiy’
ntg;gk;> fhw;W> thdk; Mfpa - Fws;> 103
Ie;Jk; cs;slf;fpaJ _______ 542. thdntspapy; kpfg;ngupa tPzk ; dP ;
vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ? _______ MFk;.
njhy; f hg; g pak; QhapW
537. Fwpg;G 543. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; ,sq;Nfhtbfs;
epyk; ePH jP tsp tpRk;NghL Ie;Jk; _______ v d ; W Q h a p w ; i w g ;
fye;j kaf;fk; Mjypd;....
Nghw;wpAs;sJ.
(njhy;fhg;gpak; nghUs;. 635)
QhapW Nghw;Wjy; QhapW
kz;jpzpe;j epyDk;
Nghw; W jy;
epyd; Ve;jpa tpRk;Gk;
tpRk;G ijtU tspAk; 544. Qhapwi ; wr; Rw;wpa ghijia _____
tspj;jiy ,a jPAk; vd;W goe;jkpoH $wpAs;shH.
jP Kuzpa ePUk; vd;whq;F QhapW tl;lk;
Ik;ngUk; G+jj;J ,aw;if Nghy;.... 545. nrQ;QhapwW ; r; nryTk; mQ;QhapwW; g;
(Gwk;> 2) gupg;Gk; gupg;Gr; #o;ej; kz;byKk;
538. cyfk; jl;il ,y;iy cUz;il ,it ve;j E}ypd; tupfs;?
ahdJ vd;W ahH fz;lwpe;jhH? Gwk;> 30
Nghye;J ehl;ilr; rhHe;j 546. jhNd xsptplf;$ba Qhapw;iw
‘epf; N fhy]; f puhg; ] ;’
_______ vd;W gz;ilj; jkpoH
539. epfN; fhy];fpuhg;]; - vd;gtH cyfk;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdH.
jl;il ,y;iy cUz;ilahdJ
vd;W ve;j Mz;by; fz;lwpe;jhH? ehs; k P d ;
gjpide;jhk; E}w;whz;L
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547. Qhapw;wplkpUe;J xspngw;W xsp 550. Gjd;Nfhisg; Gjpjhff; fz;lwpe;j

tplf;$batw;iw _______ vd;W jhy; ,jw;F kw;nwhU ngaH cz;L.
gz;ilj; jkpoH Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdH. mJ vd;d?
Nfhs; k P d ; mwptd;
548. k h j H K f k ; N g h y ; x s p t p l 551. ‘tpah’ vd;gjd; nghUs; vd;d?
ty;iyNay; fhjiy thop kjp. ngupa> epiwe; j
- Fws; 118 552. thdpy; ngupa Nfhshf tyk;
,f; F ws; vf; f Uj; i j ntspg; t U t i j N a _______ v d ; W
gLj;JfpwJ? miof;fpd;wdH.
jpq;fs; jhNd xsptpRtjpy;iy tpahod;
vd; W thdpay; cz; i kiaj; 553. rdpf;Nfhisf; ___ vd;wiof;fg;gL
jpUf; F ws; ntspg; g Lj; J fpwJ. fpwhHfs;.
fhupf; N fhs;
545. jpq;fisg; ghk;G nfhz;lw;W (Fws;
554. fhupf; N fhspy; vJ ,Ug; g jhf
1146)
,d;iwa mwptpay; Ma;T $WfpwJ
vd; D k; Fws; njhlH vijg;
fe; j fk;
gw;wpajhFk;
555. J}kNfJit _______ vd; W k;
jpq;fs; kiwg;G (re;jpufpufzk;)
$WtH.
546. nrt;tha;f; Nfhs; ve;epwj;ijf;
thy; e l; r j; j puk;
nfhz;lJ
556. ‘tytd; Vth thdT+Hjp’ - ,J
nre; e pwk;
ve;j E}ypy; cs;s tupfs;?
547. nts; s pf; N fhspy; nts; s pj; j hJ
Gwk;> 27:8
,Ug;gij mwptpay; Ma;T
557. thD}Hjp Xl;Lfpwtidj; jkpopy;
Gyg; g Lj; j p> nts; s papd; epwk;
_______ vd miof;fpwhHfs;.
_______ vd;W mwptpj;Js;sd.
tytd;
ntz;ik epwk;
548. QhapW cjaj;jpwF ; Kd;Ng nts;sp fyPypNah fypyp
vOe;J tpbaiy czHj;Jtjhy; 558. ‘fyPypNah’ ve;j Mz;by; gpwe;jhH?
,jid _______ vd;wdH. 1564 Mk; Mz; L gpg; u tup15
tpbnts; s p jpq;fs; fpoik
549. Gjpjhff; fz;lwpe;j Nfhs; _______ 559. fypypNahtpd; je;ij ngaH vd;d
vd toq;fg;gl;lJ? tpd; n rd; N rhfyP t p
Gjd;
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560. fypypNah jk; ,sikf; fhyj;jpy; m/J mirahjJ epiyahdJ

,Ue;J vjd; kPJ kpFe;j MHtk; vd;Wk; $wpdhH.
cilatuha; tpsq;fpdhH? jhykp vd;w thdpayhsH
,aw;if mwptpay; 569. #upaidf; Rw;wpa Gtp efHfpwJ
561. fbfhuj;jpd; ngz;Lyj;ij. Criy vd;gJ ve;j thdpay; mwpQupd;
(Cry;tpjp) mikj;J Neuj;ijf; nfhs;ifahFk;?
thdpay; mwpQH NfhgHepfrpd;
fzf;fpLk; Kiwiaf; fz;lwpej; tH
570. ve;j Mz;by; njhiy Nehf;fpia
ahH?
mikj;J tpz;ntspia Ma;T
fypypNah fypyp
nra;jhH?
562. igrh efug; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy;
1610 Mk; Mz;L
kUj;Jtj;Jiwapy; fypypNahtpd; 571. _______ vd;gJ gyNfhb tpz;kd P ;
Kjw; fz;Lgpbg;G ahJ? fspd; njhFjp vd;W nka;gg ; pj;jhH
Cry; tpjp ghy; tPjp
563. fypypNah jk;Kila ,Ugj;ije;jhk; 572. epyhtpd; Nkw;gug;G vJ epiwe;Js;s
mfitapNyNa igrhefug; jhf fypypNah njhiyNehf;fp
gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; _______ Mfg; %yk; fz;lwpe;J $wpdhH?
gzpakHj;jg;gl;lhH fuLKulhdJ> kiyfSk;
fzpjg; NguhrpupaH gs;sj;jhf;FfSk; epiwe;Js;sJ
564. ve;j Mz;by; fypypNah fzpj 573. ve;j mwpQH mz;lj;jpd; ikak;
tpupTiuahsuhfg; gzpahw;wpdhH? G+kpad;W> #upaNd vd;Wk; #upaidg;
1592 Mk; Mz;L G+kpAk; gpw Nfhs; f Sk; Rw; w p
565. ve;jg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; fzpj tUfpwJ vd;Wk; $wpatH?
tpupTiuahsuhff; fypypNah mwpQH NfhgHepfR
gzpahw;wpdhH? 574. tpahod; Nfhis vj;jid rpW
gJth gy;fiyf;fofk; Nfhs;fs; Rw;wp tUfpd;wd?
566. fypypNah vjw;F mstpia Kjd;
ehd; F
Kjyhf cUthf;fpdhH?
575. fypypNahit ve;j Mz;by; tPlL ; r;
fhw;W> ntg;gk;
rpiw itj;jdH?
567. fypypNahtpw;F Kd;G thdpay;
1616 Mk; Mz;L
gw;wpa nfhs;iffis ntspapl;ltH
ahH? 576. fp.gp. 1632 ,y; cyfj; j pd;
mup]; l hby; Kjd;ikahd ,U Kiwikfisg;
568. _______vd;w thdpayhsUk; epyk; gw;wpa ciuahly; vd;w E}iy
mz;lj;jpd; ikag;gFjp vd;Wk; vOjpatH ahH?
fypypNah
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577. Gjpa mwptpaiyr; rhHe;j ,U 594. “KUNfrd; nrbia el;lhd;” ,j;

ciuahly; vd;w E}iyf; fypypNah njhlupy; KUNfrd; vd;gJ vOtha;
ve;j Mz;L vOjp ntspapl;lhH? nrb vd;gJ ngaHr;nrhy;. m/J
fp.gp.1638 Mk; Mz;L ‘I’ vd; D k; cUig Vw; W r;
587. fypypNah E}y;fisf; nfhz;L nrag;gLnghUis czHj;Jtjhy;
ahH jk;Kila nfhs;iffis ,J _______ vdg;gLk;
cUthf;fpdhH? ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik
Irf; epA+l;ld; 595. %d;whk; Ntw;Wik cUGfs; ahit
588. fypypNah ve;j Mz;L ,t;Tyf My;> Md;> XL> xL
tho;it ePj;jhH? 596. My;> Md;> cUGfs; _______
fp.gp.1642 Mk; Mz;L> rdtup Mfpa ,UnghUs;fspYk; tUk;.
jpq;fs; fpoik fUtp> fUj;jh
597. fUtp vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
Ntw; W ik
,uz; L
589. “KUfd; te;jhd;” - ,j;njhlupy; 598. fUtpapd; tiffis $Wf?
KUfd; vd;gJ vd;d? Kjw;fUtp> Jizf;fUtp
vOtha; 599. “fUj;jh” vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
590. “KUfidg; ghHj;jhd;” - ,j;njhlupy; ,uz; L
KUfd; vd;gJ vd;d? 600. fUj;jhtpd; tiffisf; $Wf?
nrag; g LnghUs; ,aw;Wjy; fUj;jh> VTjy; fUj;jh.
591. “KUfdhy; tiuag;gl;lJ” - ,j; 601. XH vOthapd; nraYld; gpwpnjhd;wdJ
njhlupy; KUfd; vd;gJ vd;d? nraYk; cldpfo;tij _______
vOthiar; nrag;gLnghUshfTk; vd;gH.
fUj;jhthfTk; NtWgl;Ls;sJ cldpfo; r ; r pg; nghUs;
592. ngaHfs; NtWgl; L te; j hy; 602. ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wik cUG ahJ?
_______ vdg;gLk;. ‘F’
Ntw; W ik 603. ‘F’- Tf;Fg; gjpyhf vit nrhy;YUG
593. vOtha; tpidKw;W> ngaHr;nrhy;> fshf tUk;?
tpidr;nrhy; Mfpatw;Ws; xd;iwg; nghUl;L> epkpj;jk;
gadpiyahff; nfhz;L Kbe;jhy; 604. Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wik cUGfs; ahit?
mJ _______ my;yJ _______ ,y;> ,d;
vdg;gLk;. 605. Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wikf;Fupa nrhy;YU
vOtha;Ntw;Wik> Kjy; Gfs; ahit?
Ntw; W ik ,Ue;J> epd;W> tpl> fhl;bYk;
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606. Mwhk; Ntw;Wik cUGfs; ahit? 3. Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wik - kuj;jhy;

mJ> MJ> m nra;jJ
607. Mwhk; Ntw;Wikf;Fupa nrhy;YUGfs; tpil
ahit? 1. fy;tpapy; ngupatH fk;gH
cila 2. kuj;jhy; nra;jJ
608. Vohk; Ntw;Wikf;Fupa cUGfs; 3. jpisapd; fz; fhf;if
ahit? ,ay; vl;L
fz;> fhy;> Nky;> fPNo> ,lk;> nra;As;gFjp - tpy;ypghujk;
,y;
613. thd; ngw;w ejpfko;jhs; tzq;fg;
609. vl;lhk; Ntw;Wik cUG vJ
ngw;Nwd; vd;w ghliy vOjpatH
tpspNtw; W ik
ahH?
610. glHf;ifg; ngaiu Kd;dpiyg;
tpy; y pGj; J }uhH
ngauhf;fp miof;f ve;j Ntw;Wik
614. tpy;ypghujk; ghliy vOjpatH
gad;gLfpwJ?
ahH?
tpspNtw; W ik
tpy; y pGj; J }uhH
611. nghUj; J f
615. tpy;ypGj;J}uhupd; je;ij ngaH
1. fhl;il mopj;jhd; - Mwhk;
vd;d?
Ntw;Wikr; nrhy;YUG
tP u uhftH
2. Gtpiag; Nghd;wtd; - nghUl;L
616. tpy;ypGj;J}uhiu Mjupj;jtH ahH?
3. $ypapd; nghUl;L Ntiy - tf; f ghifia Mz; l tugjp
mopj;jy; Ml; n fhz; l hd;
4. vd;Dila tPL - xj;jy; 617. tpy;ypghujk; vj;jid gUtj;ijf;
tpil nfhz;lJ?
1. mopj;jy; gj; J g; g Utk;
2. xj;jy; 618. tpy;ypghujk; vj;jid tpUj;jg;
3. nghUl;L ghlyhy; MdJ
4. Mwhk; Ntw;Wikr; nrhy;YUG ehyhapuj; J Ke; E }w; i wk; g J
612. nghUj;Jf 619. tpy;ypghuj;jpy; vl;lhk; gUtk; ve;jg;
1. Kjy; Ntw;Wik - fpisapd; gUtj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ?
fz; fhf;if fd; d gUtk;
2. %d;whk; Ntw;Wik - fy;tpapy; 620. ‘thd;ngw;w ejp’ - vd;gjd; nghUs;
ahJ?
ngupatH fk;gH
fq; i fahW
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621. ‘,Uepyk;’ - vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? 632. G+q;nfhb vd;Dk; fhtpaj;Jf;fhf

ngupa cyfk; ve; j Mz; b y; jkpof muR
622. ‘Cd;’ - vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? KbaurUf;Fg; gupR toq;fpaJ?
jir 1966 Mk; Mz;L
623. nrhw;nghUs; $Wf 633. Kbaurupd; fhyk; vJ
1. fsgk; - re;jdk; 1920-1998
2. Joha; myq;fy; - Jsrpkhiy 634. rpwg;G
3. Gak; - Njhs; Kbaurd;> ghujpjhrd; guk;giuj;
4. ijte;J - njhl;Lj;jltp jiyKiwf; ftpQUs; %j;jtH.
5. gfop - mk;G je;ij ngupahH NguwpQH mz;zh
6. ehkk; - ngaH MfpNahuplk; neUq;fpg; gofpatH
624. tpy;ypGj;J}uhupd; fhyk; vJ? MtH.
gjpdhd; f hk; E}w; w hz; L 635. nrhw;nghUs;
1. ifk;khW - gad;
ahH ftpQd;
2. khrw;w - Fw;wkw;w
625. ahH ftpQd; ghlypd; MrpupaH 3. Njl;il - jpul;ba nry;tk;
ahH? 4. kPlr; p - Nkd;ik
Kbaurd; 5. khs ePqf
;
626. ftpQH Kbaurupd; ,aw; n gaH
ahJ? NjtNeag; ghthzH
JiuuhR
627. Kbaurupd; ngw;NwhH ngaH vd;d?
Rg;guhaY - rPjhnyl;Rkp 636. kd;dpg;G vd;gJ cUJr; nrhy;@
628. Kbaurupd; gpwe;j CH vJ? nghWj;Jf; nfhs;f vd;gJ jkpo;r;
Njdp khtl;lj;jpYs;s ngupaFsk; nrhy; vd;W tpsf;fpatH ahH?
629. KbaurH ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; ahit? NjtNeag; g hthzH
G+q;nfhb> fhtpag;ghit> tPufhtpak; 637. jkpopd; njhd;ikia cyfwpar;
Kbaurd; ftpijfs; Kjypad. nra;jtH ahH?
630. Kbaurupd; gzp vd;d fhy; L nty;
jkpohrpupaH> kP.R. caHepiyg; 638. jdpj;jkpOf;F tpj;jpl;ltH ahH?
gs; s p> fhiuf; F b. gupjpkhw; f iyQH
631. gwk;Gkiyapy; ele;j tpohtpy; 639. NjtNeag; g hthzupd; ngw; N whH
‘ftpauR’ vd;Dk; gl;lk; ve;j
ngaH vd;d?
mbfshuhy; toq;fg;ngw;wJ?
QhdKj;J - gupG+uzk;
Fd;wf;Fb mbfs;
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640. NjtNeag;ghthzH gpwe;j CH vJ? 649. NjtNeag;ghthzupd; ngaupy; ve;j

rq; f ud; N fhtpy; Cupy; mz;zhrhiyapy; E}yfk;
641. N j t N e a g ; g h t h z H t h q ; f p a nray;gl;L tUfpwJ?
gl;lq;fs; vd;d? nrd; i d
gz;bjH GytH> tpj;Jthd;> KJ 650. vt;T+upy; ghthzH Nfhl;lk; mtHjk;
fiyj;jkpo;> gp.X.vy;.> KO cUtr;rpiy> mtH ngaupy;
642. NjtNeag;ghthzupd; fhyk; vd;d? E}yfk; Mfpait mikf; f g;
7.02.1902 - 15.01.1981 gl;Ls;sJ?
643. NjtNeag; g hthzupd; rpwg; G fs; ,uhrghisaj;jpw;F mUfpYs;s
vd;d? Kwk; g py;
nre; j kpo; r ; nry; t H> nre; j kpo; 651. kJiuapy; 05.01.1981 - md; W
QhapW> jkpo; g ; ngUq; f htyH eilngw;w cyfj;jkpo; khehl;by;
vd 174 rpwg;Gg; ngaHfs; ve;jj; jiyg;gpy; nrhw;nghopthw;wpdhH?
644. Nfhtpy; f spy; jkpopy; topghL khe;jd; Njhw;wKk; jkpoH kuGk;
eilngWNtz;Lk; vd;Wk; gpwg;G GzHr;rp - ,ay;G> tpfhuk;
,wg; G j; njhlHghd rlq; F fs;
ahTk; jkpopy; eilngwNtz;Lk; 652. epiynkhopAk; tUnkhopAk; NrUk;
vd;Wk; ahH typAWj;jpdhH? NghJ vt;tpj khw;wKk; Vw;gl
NjtNeag; g hthzH tpy;iynad;why; mJ _______
645. N j t N e a g ; g h t h z H v j ; j i d GzHr;rp MFk;.
E}y;fisg; gilj;Js;shH? ,ay; G g; G zHr; r p
ehw;gj;J %d;W 653. nghd;+tisay;=nghd; tisay;
646. NjtNeag;ghthziu ve;j Mz;L - ,izAk; ,Unrhw;fspy; Kjy;
nrhw;gpwg;gpay; mfuKjypj;jpl;l nrhy; _______ vdg;gLk;.
,af;Feuhfg; gzpakHj;jpdhHfs;? epiynkhop
08.05.1974 654. epiynkhopapd; ,Wjp vOj;Jg;
647. ‘kd;dpg;G’ ve;j nkhopr;nrhy;? Gs;spahf (nka;ahf) ,Ue;jhy;
cUJr; n rhy; mij _______ vdf; $WtH
648. murpd; cjtpNahL vj; j id nka; a P W
Ma;Tf; fl;Liufs; vOjpAs;shH? 655. epiynkhopapd; ,Wjp vOj;J capH
,UE}w;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l nka;ahf ,Ue;jhy; mit _____
vdr; nrhy;yg;gLk;.
capuP W
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656. tUnkhopapd; Kjy; vOj;J capH 667. ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fs;:-

nka;ahf ,Ug;gpd; mij _______ 1. m , vd;Dk; Rl;nlOj;Jfspd;
vd miog;gH. gpd; ty;nyhw;W kpFk;
nka; K jy; (v.L) m + fdp = mf;fdp
657. tUnkhopapd; Kjy; vOj; J , + Gj;jfk; = ,g;Gj;jfk;
capuhf ,Ug;gpd; mij _______ 2. v vd;Dk; tpid vOj;jpd; gpd;
vd miog;gH. ty;nyhw;W kpFk;.
capHKjy; (v.L) v+nghUs; = vg;nghUs;
658. epiynkhopAk; tUnkhopAk; NrUk; 3. me; j > ,e; j vd; D k; Rl; L j;
NghJ khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLkhdhy; jpupGfspd; gpd; ty;nyhw;W kpFk;.
mjid _______ vd;gH. (v.L) me;j+igad;=me;jg;igad;
tpfhug; G zHr; r p ,e;j+gs;sp = ,e;jg;gs;sp
659. tpfhug;GzHr;rp vj;jid tifg;gLk;? 4. mg; g b> ,g; g b> vg; g b vd; D k;
%d; W nrhw;fspd; gpd; ty;nyhw;W kpFk;.
660. tpfhug;GzHr;rpapd; %d;W tiffis (v.L) mg;gb+Nfs;=mg;gbf;Nfhs;
vOJf. ,g;gb+nra; = ,g;gbr;nra;
1. Njhd;wy; 2. nfLjy; 3. jpupjy; vg;gb+ gbj;jhd; = vg;gbg;gbj;jhd;
661. ,ay;Gg;GzHr;rpf;F (v.fh) $Wf? 5. mt;tif> ,t;tif> vt;tif vDk;
thio+kuk; = thiokuk; nrhw;fspd; gpd; ty;nyhw;W kpFk;.
662. tpfhug;GzHr;rp (v.fh) jUf? (v.L) mt;tifg;Ngr;R
thio + gok; = thiog;gok; 6. ,dp> jdp> kw;W> kw;w> kw;iw vDk;
663. Njhd;wy; GzHr;rpf;F v.fh jUf? nrhw;fspd; gpd; ty;nyhw;W kpFk;
jpU + Fws; = jpUf;Fws; (f;) (v.L) ,dpg;Ngrpdhd;
664. nfLjy; GzHr;rpf;F v.fh jUf? 7. ,uz; l hk; Ntw; W ik> ehd; f hk;
kuk; + NtH = kuNtH (k;) Ntw;Wik tpupapd; gpd; ty;nyhw;W
665. jpupjy; GzHr;rpf;F v.fh jUf? kpFk;.
gy; + nghb = gw;nghb (w;) (v.L) glj;ijg; ghHj;jhd;
666. GzHr;rp vj;jid tifg;gLk; mit mtDf;Ff; nfhL
ahit? 8. ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk;
,uz;L- 1.,ay;G 2.tpfhuk; cle;njhf;fj; njhifapd; gpd;Dk;
ty;nyhw;W kpFk;.
nkhopj;jpwd; gapw;rp
(v.L) japHf;Flk;
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9. %d;whk; Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk; 672. fk;gupd; fhyk; vd;d?

cle;njhf;fj; njhifapd; gpd;Dk; fp.gp.xd;gjhk; E}w;whz;L vd;Wk;
ty;nyhw;W kpFk;. gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;L vd;Wk;
(v.L) gl;Lr;Nriy $WtH
10. ehd;fhk; Ntw;Wikapy; m/wpizg; 673. fk; g H tlnkhopapy; thy; k P f p
ngaHfspd; gpd;Dk; ty;nyhw;W vOjpa ,uhkhazj;ijj; jOtpa
kpFk;.
ve;E}iy ,aw;wpdhH?
(v.L) $ypj;njhopy;
jkpopy; fhg;gpak;
11. Ie;jhk; Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk;
674. fk;gH ,aw;wpa fhg;gpa E}Yf;F
cld; njhf;fj; njhifapd; gpd;Dk;
_____vdg; ngaupl;lhH.
ty;nyhw;W kpFk;.
(v.L) tpopg;Gdy; ,uhkhtjhuk;
12. Vohk; Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk; 675. fij khe;jupd; tlnrhw; ngaHfisj;
cld; njhf;fj; njhifapd; gpd;Dk; _____ jkpo;gg ; Lj;jpa ngUikf;Fup
ty;nyhw;W kpFk;. atH fk;gH.
(v.L) ePHg;ghk;G njhy; f hg; g pa newpg; g b
13. Vohk; Ntw; W ikj; njhifapd; 676. fk;guhkhazk; vj;jid fhz;lq;
gpd;Dk; ty;nyhw;W kpFk;. fisAilaJ?
(v.L) Fbg;gpwe;jhH MW
,ay; xd;gJ 677. MW fhz;lq;fisf; $Wf?
nra;As; gFjp - fk;guhkhazk; 1.ghyfhz;lk;> 2. mNahj;j pah
fhz;lk;> 3. Muzpa fhz;lk;> 4.
668. fk;guhkhazk; ghliy vOjpatH
fpl;fpe;jhfhz;lk;> 5.Re;jufhz;lk;>
ahH?
6. Aj;jfhz;lk;
fk; g H
678. fk;guhkhazg; ghly; ve;j fhz;lj;J
669. fk;gH ve;j Cupy; gpwe;jhH?
Mw;Wg;glyj;jpy; cs;sJ?
ehif khtl;lk; kapyhLJiwf;F
mUfpYs; s NjuOe; J }H ghyfhz; l k;
670. fk;giu Mjupj;jtH ahH? 679. ve;j khepyj;jpy; ghAk; ruA ejpapd;
rilag;g ts;sy; tsk; fk;guhkhazj;jpy;
671. rlNfhgue;jhjp> VnuOgJ rpiy $wg;gl;Ls;sJ?
naOgJ> ruRtjp me;jhjp> jpUf;if cj; j pugpuNjr khepyk;
tof;fk; ,e;E}y;fis ,aw;wpatH 680. jhJ- vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?
ahH? kfue; j k;
fk; g H
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681. nrhw;nghUs; 691. ghujpjhrd; ,aw; w pa E}y; f s;

1. NghJ - kyH ahit?
2. ngha;if - Fsk; ghz;bad; gupR> FLk;g tpsf;F
3. G+fk; - fKfk; (ghf;F kuk;) ,Uz; l tP L > mofpd; rpupg; G
fz; z fp Gul; r pf; fhg; g pak; >
tpOJk; NtUk;
FwpQ;rpj;jpl;Lj; jkpopaf;fk;
682. tpOJk; NtUk; - ,g; g hliy 692. ,q;F ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ghly; _____
,aw;wpatH ahH? vd;Dk; E}ypy; ‘tpOJk; NtUk;’
ghujpjhrd; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpd; fPo;
683. ghujpjhrupd; ,aw;ngaH vd;d? ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ?
fdf Rg;Guj;jpdk; mofpd; rpupg;G
684. ghujpjhrupd; ngw;NwhH ngaH vd;d? 693. jpwy; - vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ
fdfrig - ,yf;Fkp typik
685. ghujpjhrd; gpwe;j CH vJ? 694. kwtH - vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ
GJr; N rup tP u H
686. ghujpjhrd; tho;ej ; fhyk; vJ
29.04.1891-21.04.1964
fhl; L apupfs;
687. ghujpjhrupd; rpwg; G g; ngaHfs; 695. Ik;G+jq;fisf; $Wf?
vd;d? epyk;> ePH> jP> fhw;W> thdk;
ghNte; j H> Gul; r pf; f tpQH 696. I k ; G + j q ; f s p y ; _____, _____
688. ahUld; nfhz; l neUq; f pa ,Utifahd nghUs;fs; cs;sd.
njhlHgpdhy; ghujpjhrd; vdj; jd; capUs;s> capuw;w
ngaiu mikj;Jf; nfhz;lhH? 697. nka;apdhy; mwpAk; capH vj;jid
ghujpahH mwpTfisf; nfhz;lJ?
689. J}yk; Nghy; tsH fpisf; F XuwpT
tpOJfs; J}d;fs; vd;w ghliy 698. XuwpT nfhz;l capupdq;fSf;F
vOjpatH ahH? v.fh jUf?
ghujpjhrd; Gy; kuk; Nghd;w jhtuq;fs;
690. je; i j ngupahupd; gFj; j wpTr; 699. n k a ; - f z ; - < u w p T n f h z ; l
rpe;jidfisg; ghujpjhrd; capupdq;fSf;F v.fh jUf?
mtHfs; vt;tbtpy; je;jhH? ej;ij> rq;F
ftpij
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700. nka;> tha;> %f;F> %twpT nfhz;l 710. ekJ ehl;by; vj;jid tdtpyq;F
capupdq;fisf; $Wf? ghJfhg;G ,lq;fs; cs;sd?
vWk;G> fiuahd;> ml;il gjpNdO
701. IawpT vd;gJ ve;nje;j mwpTfisf; 711. ekJ ehl; b y; vj; j id Njrpa
nfhz;ljhFk;? tdtpyq;Fg; G+q;fhf;fs; cs;sd?
nka;> tha;> %f;F> fz;> nrtp mWgj; j hW
702. IawpT nfhz;l capupdq;fSf;F 712. ekJ ehl;by; vj;jid Gfyplq;fs;
v.fh jUf? mike;Js;sd?
tpyq;F> gwit Ke;E}w;W mWgj;njl;L
703. MwwpT nfhz;l capupdq;fSf;F 713. cyf tdtpyq;F ehs; vg;NghJ
v.fh jUf? nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wd?
kdpjH mf;NlhgH> 4-Mk; ehs;
704. MwwpT vd;gJ ve;nje;j mwpT nrd; i d mUq; f hl; r pafk;
fisf; nfhz;ljhFk;? 714. mUq;fhl;rpafk; vq;F mike;Js;sJ?
nka;> tha;> %f;F> fz;> nrtp> nrd; i d> vOk; G +upy;
kdk; 715. nrd;id> vOk;G+H mUq;fhl;rpafk;
705. capupfspd; Mw;wYf;F mbg;gil ve;j Mz;by; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ?
ahf tpsq;Fgit vit? fp.gp. 1851 Mk; Mz;L
jhtuq; f s; 716. mUq; f hl; r pafj; j py; vj; j id
706. cyfpNyNa mjpf msT kio fhl;rpafq;fs; cs;sd
ngWk; ,lk; vJ? gjpd; % d; W
mrhkpy; kuq; f s; mlHe; J s; s GzHr;rp: capuPW
“rpuGQ; r p” clk;gLnka;> nka;aPW
707. mf;NlhgH Kjy; thuj;ij muR
717. capH <w;Wr; nrhy;Kd; ty;ypd
vt;thW nfhz;lhb tUfpwJ?
vOj;Jfs; te;jhy; mjd; nka;
tdtpyq; F thuk;
naOj;Jfs; _____.
708 tdtpyq;F ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lk; ve;j
kpFk;
Mz;L ,aw;wg;gl;lJ?
718. ‘gy’ - ,r;nrhy;ypy; (y;+m=y)
1972 Mk; Mz;L
vdg; gpupj;jhy;> ,jpy; m _____
709. tdtpyq; F g; ghJfhg; G r; r l; l k;
MFk;.
vijj; jLf;fpwJ?
tdtpyq;Ffis Ntl;ilahLjy; capH <W
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719. ,ay; g pDk; tpjpapDk; epd; w mJ + jhd; = mJjhd;

capHKd; frjg kpFk;. ve;j E}ypy; md;W> ,d;W> vd;W vDk;
cs;s tupfs;? nrhw;fSf;Fg; gpd; kpfhJ (v.L)
ed;D}y;> 165 md;W nfhLj;Njd;.
11. mj; j id> ,j; j id> vj; j id
clk; g Lnka;
vd;Dk; nrhw;fspd; gpd; ty;ypdk;
720. epiynkhop <w;W capUk; tUnkhop kpfhJ.
Kjy; capUk; ,izAk; NghJ t; (v.L) vj; j id + nghUs; =
my;yJ a; ,ilapy; Njhd;wpdhy; vj;jidnghUs;
,jw;F _____ vd;W ngaH 12. gb vd;W KbAk; tpidnar;rk;
clk; g Lnka; cfutPwW; tpidnar;rk; vjpHkiwg;
721. ghLk; ghly; - ,j;njhlupy; ghly; nganur; r j; j pd; gpd; ty; y pdk;
vd;gJ vd;d? kpfhJ.
tUnkhop (v.L) tUk;gb $wpdhs;
nkhopj;jpwd; gapw;rp 723. gythz;L ,r;nrhy; gpupAk; Kiw
722. ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lk;

_____
gy + Mz;L
1. fij + nrhd;dhd; = fij
724. gid + Xiy - ,uz; b w; F k;
nrhd;dhd;
,ilapy;_____ Njhd;Wk;?
2. mofNdhL + nrd; w hd; =
a;
mofNdhL nrd;whd;
725. , < I top at; T k; Vid
3. tPl;bapypUe;J + ghHj;jhd; =
capHtop tt;Tk; VKd;
tPl;bapypUe;J ghHj;jhd;
,t;tpUikAk; capHtupd; clk;gL
4. vdJ + Gj;jfk; = vdJ Gj;jfk;
nka;nad; whFk; ,g;ghly; ve;j
5. RL + NrhW = RL NrhW
E}ypy; te;Js;sJ
6. fy;tp + Nfs;tp = fy;tpNfs;tp
ed; D }y;
7. gbj;j + ghlk; = gbj;j ghlk;
8. Nfhop + nfhf;fupj;jJ = Nfhop nka; a P w ; W g; G zHr; r p
nfhf;fupj;jJ 726. E}y;+Mil - ,jpy; E}y; vd;gJ
9. tho;f + nre;jkpo; = tho;f epiynkhop Mil vd;gJ tUnkhop
nre;jkpo; vdNt epiynkhopapd; <W
10. mJ> ,J> vJ> vd; D k; nka;ahf ,Ue;jhy; mij _____
nrhw;fspd; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ vd miog;gH.
nka; a P W
121

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727. cly;Nky; capHte;J xd;WtJ 736. gpsi; sj;jkpopy; vj;jid gUtq;fs;

,ay;Ng. ,t;tup ve;E}ypy; cs;sd?
te;Js;sJ? gj; J g; g Utk;
ed;D}y; 204 737. g j ; J g ; g U t q ; f s p y ; v j ; j i d
728. jdpf;Fwpy; Kd; xw;W capHtupd; gUtq; f s; ,Ughw; gps; i sj;
,ul;Lk; ,e;j tup ve;E}ypy; jkpOf;Fk; nghJthdit MFk;?
VO gUtq;fs;
te;Js;sJ.
738. VOtifahd gUtq;fisf; $Wf?
ed;D}y; 205
fhg;G> nrq;fPiu> jhy; rg;ghzp
,ay;gj;J - nra;As;gFjp Kj;jk; tUif> mk;Gyp
Kj; J f; F khuRthkp 739. gj;Jg;gUtq;fspy; Mz;ghYf;Fupa
gps;isj; jkpo; ,Wjp %d;W gUtq;fis vOJf?
tUifg; g Utk; rpw;wpy;> rpWgiw> rpWNjH
729. Kj;Jf;FkhuRthkp gps;isj;jkpio 740. gj;Jg;gUtq;fspy; ngz;ghYf;Fupa
,aw;wpatH ahH? ,Wjp %d;W gUtq;fis vOJf?
FkuFUguH mk;khid> foq;F (ePuhly;)> Cry;
730. FkuFUguupd; ngw; N whH ngaH 741. Gs;spUf;F NtSupy; (itj;jR P tud;
Nfhtpy;) vOe;jUspapUf;Fk; KUfg;
vd;d?
ngUkhdpd; ngaH vd;d?
rz; K f rpfhkzpf; ftpuhaH
Kj; J f; F khuRthkp
rptfhk Re; j upak; i k
742. FkuFUguH ,aw; w pa E}y; f s;
731. FkuFUguH gpwe;j CH vJ?
vit?
jpUitFz; l k; fe;jH fypntz;gh> kJiu kPdhl;rp
732. FkuFUguH ve;nje;j nkhopfspy; mk;ik gps;isj;jkpo;> kJiuf;
Gyik kpf;ftuha;j; jpfo;ej ; hH? fyk;gfk;> rfyfyhty;yp khiy>
jkpo;> tlnkhop> ,e;J];jhdp ePjpnewp tpsf;fk;.
733. jpUg; g ze; j hspYk; > fhrpapYk 743. FkuFUguH vt;T+upy; ,iwtdb
FkuFUguH jk; ngauhy; vd;d NrHe;jhH?
epWtp cs;shH? fhrp
klk; 744. FkuFUguupd; fhyk; vd;d?
734. gps;isj;jkpo; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? gjpNdohk; E}w; w hz; L
,uz; L 745. Fwpg;G
735. ,Utifahd gps; i sj; j kpio
ekf;Fg; ghlg;gFjpahf cs;s ghly;
vOJf
tUifg; gUtj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sJ.
1. Mz;ghw;gps;isj;jkpo;
,J E}ypd; MwhtJ gUtkhFk;.
2. ngz;ghw;gps;isj;jkpo;
122

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Foe;ijapd; gjpd;%d;whk; jpq;fspy; 749. efy; t y; y H my; y hHf; F khapU

epfo; t J@ jsHeilapl; L tUk; Qhyk; gfYk;ghw; gl;ld; wpUs;
Foe;ijapd; jpwg;Gfis vLj;Jf; ,J ve;E}ypd; tupfs;?
$wp mUfpy; tUf tUf vd Fws; 999
tha;Fspu kdq;Fspu miof;Fk; 750. ek; clypy; _____, _____ Vw;gL
ghly;fisf; nfhz;ljha; ,g;gUtk; tjw;Fk; ey;y eifr;Rit Jiz
mike;Js;sJ. Gupfpd;wJ.
746. ,iwtidNah ey; y hiuNah FUjpXl;lk; $Ltjw;Fk;> %isapy;
ghl;Lilj; jiytuhff; nfhz;L Gj; J zHr; r p
mtiuf; Foe;ijahff; fUjpg; 751. ,t;Tyfpy; eiff;fj; njupahj
ghlg;gLk; rpw;wpyf;fpa tif _____ tHfis vd; d ntd; W fUjg;
gps; i sj; j kpo; gLthHfs;?
747. nrhw;nghUs;
miukdpjHfs;
1. kjp - mwpT
752. mQ;riy muf;f! ghHtpl; le;ju
2. mKj fpuzk; - FspHr;rpahd xsp
kile;jh dd;Nw ntQ;rpd thyp>
3. cjak; - fjputd;
kPshd;> thYk; Ngha; tPoe ; j
; jd;Nw....
4. kJuk; - ,dpik
,t;tupfs; ve;E}ypy; ,lk;
5. ewtk; - Njd;
ngw;Ws;sd?
6. fOtpa JfsH - Fw;wkw;wtH
fk; g uhkhazk;
7. ryjp - fly;
753. nraq;nfhz;lhH _____ ,UnghUs;
8. myF ,y; - mstpy;yhj
jUkhW nrhw; f isg; ghl; b y;
9. Gtdk; - cyfk;
10. kjiy - Foe;ij mikj;Jg; ghLtjpy; ty;ytH MtH
11. gUjpGup - fjputd; topgl;l ftpfhsNkfk;
,lk; (itj;jPRtud; Nfhtpy;) 754. ftp vd; g jw; F _____ vd; D k;
nghUs;.
,yf; f paj; j py; eifr; R it Fuq; F
748. eifr; R it Njhd; W tjw; f hd ehq;fs; ftpuhrHfs; vd;W
fhuzk; vd;dntd;W njhy;fhg;gpak; nrUf; F ld; $wpa GytHfspd;
$WfpwJ? nrUf; i f mlf; F k; gb> ftp
vs; s y; > ,dpik> mwpahik> vd;gjw;Ff; Fuq;F vd;Dk; nghUs;
klik Njhd;WkhW.
thnyq;Nf? ePz;L vOe;j
ty;Yfpnuq;Nf ehY fhnyq;Nf
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Cd;tbj;j fz;nzq;Nf? rhyg; ehQ;rpy; ehl;Lf; ftpQH Njrpf

GtpuhaH Nghw; W k; GytHfhs; ! tpehafdhH ghbAs;shH.
ePq;fs; ftpuhaH vd;wpUe;jf; fhy;. Mik tilf; f ha; miuQhz;
vDk; ghliy nraq;nfhz;lhH gzak;
ghbdhH. Nghspf; fhfg; Gj;jfk; gzak;
755. ,f; f hyf; ftpQHfs; jhq; f s; rPilf; fhfr; rpNyl;L gzak;
ifahSfpd; w vjidf; n fhz; L KWf;Ff; fhf Nkhjpuk; gzak;
eifr;Ritia mOFw mikj;Jf; fhg;gpf; fhff; fLf;fd; gzak;
fhl;LfpwhHfs;? $j;Jf; fhff; FilAk; gzak;
fw;gidfspYk;> ctikfspYk; 758. ‘Ks;S KidapNy %Z Fsk;
756. ftpQH ghujpjhrd; vjDila ntl;bNdd;’ - vdj; njhlq;Fk;
Njhif ePz;L ,Ug;gij eifr; eifr;Rit czHT kpf;f ghly;
Ritahf $wpdhH? vjpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ?
kapy; ehl; L g; G wg; g hly;
ftpQH ghujpjhrd; kapypd; fOj;J 759. eifr;RitAzHT ,y;yhjtUf;Fg;
ePz;L ,Ug;gij eifr;Ritahf gfYk; _____ Njhd;Wk;
tpsf;FfpwhH. ,Usha;
mayhd; tPlb ; y; miwapy; elg;gij ahg;G mzp
vl;bg; ghHf;fh jpUg;g jw;Nf
,aw;if ad;id ,g;ngz; 760. j k p o ; , y f ; f z k ; v j ; j i d
fl;nfy;yhk; tifg;gLk;
Fl;ilf; fOj;ijf; nfhLj;jhd;: Itifg; g Lk;
fiwnahd; wpy;yhf; fyhg kapNy! 761. Ie;J tifahd jkpo; ,yf;fzj;ij
cdf;Nfh epkHe;J epw;f ePs; fOj;J vOJf?
mspj;jhd;. vOj;jpyf;fzk;> nrhy;ypyf;fzk;>
757. ehQ;rpy; ehl;Lf; ftpQH Njrpf nghUs; ,yf;fzk;> ahg;gpyf;fzk;>
tpehafdhupd; _____ xU eifr; mzpapyf;fzk;
Ritf; fsQ;rpak; vd;gH. 762. ‘ahg;G’ vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ?
kUkf;fs; top khd;kpak; fl; L jy;
gbf;fr; nrd;wtd; vijnay;yhk; 763. vYk;G jir euk;G Kjypatw;why;
gzak; itf; f pwhd; vd; g ij cly; fl;lg;gl;L ,Ug;gJ Nghyr;
nra;ASf;F cupa cWg;Gfisr;
nfhz;L ghliy cUthf;Ftij
_____ vd;fpNwhk;.
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ahg; G 774. g h - t p d ; t i f f s ; v j ; j i d
764. nra; A s; cWg; G fs; vj; j id tifg;gLk;?
tifg;gLk;? ehd; F
MW 775. ehd;F tifahd gh tiffisf;
765. MW tifahd nra;As; cWg;Gfis $Wf?
vOJf? ntz;gh> Mrpupag;gh> tQ;rpg;gh>
fypg; g h
vOj;J> mir> rPH> jis> mb>
776. vjid NtWgLj;jp mwptjw;fhf
njhil
ehy; t ifg; ghf; f s; mikf; f g;
766. vOj; J mir rP H jis mb
gl;Ls;sd?
njhil ,e;j MWk; vjd;
Xireak;
cWg;Gfs; MFk;? 777. M a p u j ; J K e ; E } w ; W K g ; g J
ahg; G jpUf; F wSk; ntz; g h MFk; .
767. XnuOj;J jdpj;Njh ,ize;Njh Mdhy; ,uz;lbfs; kl;Lk;
xypj;jhy; mJ _____ vdg;gLk;. tUtjhy; ,ijf; _____ vd
mir miog;gH.
768. mir vj;jid tifg;gLk;? Fws; ntz;gh
,uz; L 778. Fws;ntz;ghtpw;F v.fh jUf?
769. ,U tifahd mirapd; tiffis Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk; fy;tp xUtw;F
tpsf;Ff. khly;y kw;iw ait
Neuir> epiuair 779. Fwpg;G
770. mirfs; gy NrHe;J mike;jhy; fz; ,ikj;j yhybfs; fhrpdpapy;
mJ _____ vdg;gLk;. Njha;jyhy;
tz; z kyHkhiy thLjyhy;
rP H
vz;zp eWe;jh kiu tpUk;Gk;
771. rPHfs; xd;Wld; xd;W nghUe;j
ed;DjNy md;dhs; mwpe;jhs;
miktJ _____ vdg;gLk;.
esd; jd;id Mq;F.
jis
-,g;ghly; Neupir ntz;gh MFk;
772. ,uz;L my;yJ gy rPHfs; NrHe;J
ehlh nfhd;Nwh fhlh nfhd;Nwh
miktJ _____ vdg;gLk;.
mtyh nfhd;Nwh kpirah nfhd;Nwh
mb
vt;top ey;ytH MltH
773. mbfs; ,uz;L Kjypadthfj;
njhlHe;J mLf;fpg; ghLtJ _____ mt;top ey;iy thopa epyNd
vdg;gLk;. - ,g;ghly; fypg;gh MFk;.
gh tisahL kyHr;Rid ePupdpil
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tisahbif kq;ifa ud;d nkd 9 Mk; tFg;G

tpisahLt NuhLtH $LtHgpd; ,ay; - xd;W
tpisahLtH igq;fpsp NkTwNt! nra;As; - tho;j;J
- ,g;ghly; tQ;rpg;gh MFk;. 1) cyfk; ahitAk; jhKs thf;fYk;
mzpapyf; f zk; - vd;w tho;jJ ; g; ghliyg; ghbath;
780. mzp vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? ahh;?
moF fk; g h;
781. GytHfs>; nghUsoFk; nrhy;yoFk; 2) nrhw;nghUs;:-
Njhd;wf; ftpijfis ,aw;wpf; 1. csthf;fy; - cz;lhf;Fjy;>
fw;Nghiu kdq;Fspur; nra;Ak; (gilj;jy;)
,yf;fzj;ij _____ vd;gH. 2. epiyngWj;jy; - fhj;jy;
mzpapyf; f zk; 3. ePff; y; - mopj;jy;
782. mzpapyf; f zk; Fwpj; j jkpo; 4. ePq;fyh - ,iltplhJ
E}y;fs; ahJ? 5. myfpyh - mstw;w
jz;bayq;fhuk; khwdyq;fhuk; 6. md;dth; - mj;jifa ,iwth;
783. ctik ctNkak; ,uz; L k; 7. jiyth; - ,iwth;
jdpj; j dpahf vLj; J f; f hl; b 8. ruz; - milf;fyk;
,ilapy; ctk cUG kiwAkhW 3) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:-
mikf;fg;gl;bUe;jhy; mJ _____ 1 ahitAk; - ck; - Kw;Wk;ik:
mzp MFk;. Mf;fy;> ePff ; y;>
vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzp 2. tpisahl;L - njhopw; ngah;fs;
784. ctkhdk; NtW ctNkak; NtW 3. myfpyh tpisahl;L - <Wnfl;l
vdj; Njhd;whj tifapy; ctkhdj; vjph;kiwg; nganur;rk;
jpd; ,ay;Gfis ctNkaj;jpd; 4) gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;:-
Nky; Vw; w pf; $WtJ _____ cilah - cil + a; + Mh;
mzpahFk;. cil - gFjp
cUtf mzp a; - re;jp
785. kjpKfk; - cUtfkhf khWk;NghJ Mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
_____ vdtUk;. 5) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G :-
Kfkjp ehfg;gl;bdk; khtl;lk; kapyhL
Jiwf;F mUfpYs;s NjuOe;J}hpy;
fk;gh; gpwe;jhh;. ,th; fk;guhkhazk;>
Vu; vOgJ> rpiy vOgJ> ruRtjp
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me; j hjp> rlNfhgh; me; j hjp> 2. fk;guhkhazk; ______ fhz;lq;fis

jpUf;if tof;fk; Mfpa E}y;fis cilaJ.
,aw;wpAs;shh;. ,th; FNyhj;Jq;fr; MW
Nrhodpd; mitg;Gytuhf tpsq;fpdhh;. 3. fk; g h; gpwe; j Cu; ______
jpUntz;nza; ey;Y}h;r; rilag;g NjuOe; J }h;
ts;syhy; Mjhpf;fg; ngw;whh;. ,th; jpUf; F ws;
ftpr;rf;futh;jj ; p vdTk; fy;tpapy; nghiwAilik
nghpah; fk;gh; vdTk; Nghw;wg;
9) gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;
gLfpwhh; . ,thpd; fhyk; fp.gp
1. mfo;thh; = mfo; + t; + Mh;
gd; d puz; l hk; E}w; w hz; L vdf;
mfo; - gFjp
$Wth;. t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy
6) E}w;Fwpg;G:- Mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
tlnkhopapy; thd; k P f p Kdpth; 2. kwj;jy; = kw + j;+ jy;
vOjpa ,uhkhazj;ijr; jOtpj; kw - gFjp
jkpopy; fk;gh; vOjpaNj j; - re;jp
fk;guhkhazk;. fk;gh;> ,e;E}Yf;F jy; - njhopw;ngah; tpFjp
,uhkhtjhuk; vd;Nw ngahpl;lhh;. 3. itg;gh; = it + g; + g; + mh;
,J ghyfhz;lk;> mNahj;jpah it - gFjp
fhz;lk;> Muzpafhz;lk;> fplfpe;jh g; - re;jp
fhz;lk;> Re;ju fhz;lk;> Aj;jfhz;lk; g; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy
vd MW fhz;lq;fis cilaJ. mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
fk;guhkhazg; ghyfhz;lj;jpYs;s
4. xWj;jhh; = xW + j; + j; + Mh;
Kjw;ghly; tho;jJ ; g; ghlyhf ,lk;
xW - gFjp
ngw;Ws;sJ.
j; - re;jp
7) nghUj;Jf:-
j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
1. csthf;fy; - gilj;jy;
Mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
2. epiyngWj;jy; - fhj;jy;
5. ,we;jhh; = ,w + j;(e;) + j; + Mh;
3. ePff; y; - mopj;jy;
4. jiyth; - ,iwth; ,w - gFjp
8) epug;Gf:- j; - re;jp
1. fy;tpapw; nghpah; _____ vd j; - e; MdJ tpfhuk;
miof;fg; ngWgth;. j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
fk; g h;
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10) nrhw;nghUs; :- 3. mfo;thh;> ,fo;thh; - tpidah

1. mfo;thiu - Njhz;Lgtiu yizAk; ngah;
2. ,fo;thh; - ,opTgLj;JNthh; 4. kwj;jy;> nghWj;jy; - njhopw;
3. jiy - rpwe;j gz;G ngah;fs;
4. nghWj;jy; - nghWj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy; 5. ed;W - Fwpg;G tpidKw;W
5. ,wg; g pid - gpwh; nra; j 6. tpUe;J - gz;ghF ngah;
Jd;gj;ij 7. xuhy;> nghiw - njhopw;ngah;fs;
6. ,d;ik - tWik 8. ePqf
; hik - vjph;kiwj; njhopw;
7. tpUe;J - tPl;Lf;Fg; Gjpatuha; ngah;
te;jth; 9. Nghw;wp - tpidnar;rk;
8. xuhy; - jtph;j;jy; 10. nghjpe;J – tpidnar;rk;
9. klthh; - mwptpypfs; 11. xWj;jhh;> nghWj;jhh; tpidah
10 epiw - rhy;G yizAk; ngah;fs;
11. xWj;jhiu - jz;bj;jtiu 12. jw;gpwh; - Vohk; Ntw;Wikj;
12. xd;whf - xU nghUl;lhf
njhif
13. nghjpe;J itg;gh; - (kdj;Js;)
13. nra;apDk; - ,opTr; rpwg;Gk;ik
itj;Jf; nfhs;th;
14. nehe;J - tpidnar;rk;
14. nghd;Wk; JizAk; - cyfk;
15. mwd;> jpwd; - <w;Wg; Nghypfs;
cs;stiu
16. nra;jhiu - tpidahyizAk;
15. jpwdy;y - nra;aj;jfhj
ngah;
16. Nehnehe; J - Jd; g j; j pw; F
17. tply; - my; <w;W tpaq;Nfhs;
tUe;jp
tpidKw;W
17. kpFjpahd; - kdr;nrUf;fhy;
18. ,we;jhh;> Jwe;jhh;> Nehw;fpw;gth;
18. kpf;fit - jPik
- tpidahyizAk; ngah;fs;
19. jFjpahd; - nghWikahy;
19. ,d; d hr; n rhy; - <Wnfl; l
20 Jwe;jhh; - gw;wpid tpl;lth;
vjph;kiwg; nganur;rk;
21. ,we;jhh; - tuk;G fle;jth;
12) Mrphpah; Fwpg;G:
22. ,d;dh - jPa
jpUts;Sth;> jpUf;Fwspy; midj;J
23. Nehw;fpw;gth; - nghWg;gth;
ehl;bdUk; ,dj;jpdUk; jkf;Nf
24. Nehw;ghh; - Nehd;G Nkw;nfhs;gth;
chpanjdf; nfhz;lhLk; tifapy;
25. ,d;dhr; nrhy; - jPa nrhy;
nghJikf; fUj;Jfisg;
11) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:-
gilj;jth;.
1. cz;zhJ - tpidnar;rk;
2. nghWj;jy; - njhopw; ngah;
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ehadhh;> Njth;> Kjw;ghtyh;> 15) jpUf;FwSf;F ciunra;j gjpd;kh;:

nja;tg; Gyth;> ehd; Kfdhh;> 1. jUkh;> 2. jhkj;jh;> 3. ghpjp>
khjhD gq;fp> nre;ehg; Nghjhh;> 4. jpUkiyah;> 5. ghpg;ngUkhs;>
ngUehtyh; vd; D k; rpwg; G g; 6. kzf; F lth; > 7. er; r h; > 8.
ghpNkyofh; > 9. ky; y h; > 10.
ngah; f Sk; ,tUf; F cz; L .
fhspq; f h; .
,thpd; fhyk; fp.K. 31 Mk; Mz;L
16) nghUe;Jf:-
vd mwpQh; $Wth;. 1. mwk; - Kg;gj;njl;L
13) E}w; Fwpg;G:- 2. nghUs; - vOgJ
jpU + Fws; = jpUf;Fws;. jpU – 3. ,d;gk; - ,Ugj;ije;J
nry;tk;> rpwg;G> moF> Nkd;ik> 17) vJifr; nrhw;fis vLj;njOjp
nja;tj;jd;ik vdg; gy nghUs; mbf; NfhbLf:-
nfhz;l xU nrhy;. 1. kpFjpahd; kpf;fit nra;jhiuj;
Fws; - FWfpa mb cilaJ. jhk;jk;
VO rP h ; f isf; nfhz; l <ub jFjpahd; ntd;W tply;.
vJif: kpFjp> jFjp
ntz;ghf;fshy; MdJ jpUf;Fws;.
2. mfo;thiuj; jhq;Fk; epyk;Nghyj;
,e;E}y; mwj;Jg;ghy;> nghUl;ghy;>
jk;ik
,d; g j; J g; g hy; vd Kg; n gUk;
,fo;thh;g; nghWj;jy; jiy.
gphpTfshf tFf; f g; g l; L s; s J.
vJif: mfo;> ,fo;
mwk; 38 mjpfhuq; f shfTk; >
18) nghUs; NtWghL mwpf:
nghUs; 70 mjpfhuq;fshfTk;>
,d; g k; 25 mjpfhuq; f shfTk; 1. nghWj;jy; / nghUj;jy;
gFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J> gjpndz; nghWikaha; ,Uj;jy;> nghUe;jr;
fP o ; f ; f zf; F E}y; f Ss; xd; W . nra;jy;
,e; E }iyg; Nghw; w pg; ghuhl; b a 2. ,wj;jy; / ,uj;jy;
ghly;fspd; njhFg;G jpUts;St caph; tpLjy;> ahrpj;jy;
khiy. 3. epiw / epiu
jpUf; F wSf; F me; e hspNyNa rhy;G> thpir
gjpd; k h; ciu vOjpAs; s dh; . 4. tz;ik / td;ik
mt;TiuAs;> ghpNkyofh; ciuNa
ts;sy; jd;ik> typik
rpwe;jJ vd;gh;.
19) ,UnghUs; jUf:-
14) tpf; N lhhpah kfhuhzpahh; fz;
1. epiw _____> _____>
tpopj;jJk; Kjypy; gbj;j E}y;
jpUf; F ws; rhy;G> vil
2. jiy _____> _____>
rpuk>; Kjd;ik
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jpuhtpl nkhopfs; ,d;W ,Ugj;J %d;Wf;Fk;

Nkw; g l; l
(ciueil)
27) nkhopfs; vj; j id tifahfg;
20) jk; vz;zq;fisAk; fUj;Jfis gphpg;gh;?
Ak; gpwUf;F mwptpf;Fk; fUtpahf njd; jpuhtpl nkhopfs;> eLj;
tpsq;FtJ vJ? jpuhtpl nkhopfs;> tl jpuhtpl
nkhop nkhopfs; %tifahfg; gphpg;gh;.
21) jdf;nfd jdpr;rpwg;Gk; gynkhop ,e;jpahtpy; nkhj;jk; gd;dpuz;L
fs; Njhd;wp tsu mbg;gilahfTk; nkhopf; FLk; g q; f s; cs; s d.
cs;s nkhop ve;j nkhop? mtw;Ws;> Ke;E}w;W ,Ugj;ije;J
%ynkhop nkhopfs; Ngrg;gLtjhf ,e;jpa
22) ,e;jpa nkhopf; FLk;gq;fs;:- khdpltpay; fzf;nfLg;Gj;
,e;jpahtpy; Ngrg;gLk; nkhopfs;> njhptpf;fpd;wJ.
28) njd; jpuhtpl nkhopfs;
nkhopapay; mwpQh; vj; j id
jkpo;> kiyahsk;> fd;dlk;> FlF>
nkhopf; FLk;gq;fSs; mlf;Fth;?
JS> Njhlh> Nfhj;jh> nfhufh>
mit ahit?
,Ush.
ehd;F nkhopf; FLk;gq;fs;
eLj; j puhtpl nkhopfs;
1. ,e;Njh - Mrpa nkhopfs; njYq;F> Nfhz;b> Nfhah> $ap>
2. jpuhtpl nkhopfs; $tp> Nfhyhkp> gh; [ p>fjgh>
3. M];jpNuh - Mrpa nkhopfs; Nfhz;lh>ehaf;fp> ngq;Nfh> [jG.
4. rPd - jpngj;jpa nkhopfs;
tljpuhtpl nkhopfs;
23) ek; ehl;by; vj;jid nkhopfs;
F&f;> khy;Njh>gpuhFa;.
Ngrg;gLfpd;wd?
29) jkpo; > njYq; F > kiyahsk; >
Mapuj;J Ke;E}w;fF ; k; Nkw;gl;l
fd;dlk; Mfpa ehd;Fk; _____
nkhopfSk; mjd; fpis
nkhopfSk; . nkhopfs;.
24) ,e; j pa ehl; i l> _____ vdf; jpuhtplg; ngUnkhopfs;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;? 30) cyfehLfspd; gioikahd
“nkhopfspd; fhl;rpr; rhiy” ehfhpfq;fs; vJ?
(Museum of Languages) ,e;jpa ehfhpfk;
25) nkhopapay; Nguhrphpah; ahh;? 31) ,e;jpa ehfhpfk; vd;gJ _____
r.mfj; j paypq; f k; gpwF epWtg;gl;Ls;sJ?
26) jpuhtpl nkhopfs; vj; j id nkhfQ;rjhNuh – mug;gh
cs;sd? mfo; t ha; f ; F g;
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32) _____ Mz; L fSf; F Kd; d Nu 40) jpuhtpl vd;Dk; nrhy;Ny _____
gue;J tphpe;jpUe;j ,e;jpa ehfhpfk; vd;Dk; nrhy;ypUe;J cUthdjhFk;.
cyf ehfhpfq;fs; midj;jpw;Fk; jkpo;
jhahfTk; topfhl;bahfTk; 41) jkpo; > jpukps > jputpl > jpuhtpl
– cUthapwW ; vd ve;j nkhopapay;
tpsq;fpapUf;fpwJ.
mwpQh; $wpfpwhh;?
fp.K. 3000 Mz;Lfs;
<uh]; ghjphpahh; .
33) ,e;jpah KOtJk; gue;J tphpej ; pUe;j 42) njhd; i kr; rpwg; G k; jiyikr;
gok; ngUk; ehfhpfj;ij mwpQh; rpwg;Gk; jkpio ,d;W vt;thW
vt;thW fUJfpd;wdh;? cah;e;J epw;fr; nra;Js;sJ?
jpuhtpl ehfhpfk; cah; jdpr; nrk;nkhop
34) jpuhtplh; Ngrpa nkhop vd; d 43) jkpo; nkhopapYs;s kpfg; gioik
nkhopahFk;? ahd E}y; vJ?
jpuhtpl nkhopahFk; njhy; f hg; g pak; .
35) jpuhtplk; vd;Dk; nrhy; _____ 44) njhy; f hg; g pak; ve; j E}yhfj;
jpfo;fpd;wJ?
vd;Dk; nghUisj; jUtJ.
,yf;fz E}yhf
jpuhtpl ehL
45) _____ tpOf; f hL mstpw; F j;
36) jpuhtplk; vd; D k; nrhy; i yf;
jpuhtpl nkhopf;$Wfisf;
fhy;Lnty; _____ vd;Dk; E}ypy; nfhz;Ls;s xNu jpuhtpl nkhop>
Fwpg;gpl;L cs;shh;. jkpo;.
jpuhtpl nkhopfspd; xg;gpyf;fzk; vz;gJ tpOf;fhL
37) jpuhtplk; vd; D k; nrhy; i y 46) nrt;tpay; nkhopahf xsph;tJ
cUthf;fpath; ahh;? vJ?
Fkhhpygl; l h;
ekJ jha;nkhopahk; jkpNo
38) jpuhtpl nkhopia gad;ghl;bw;Ff;
47) epug;Gf:
nfhz;L te;jth; ahh;?
1. nkhopfs; gy Njhd;wp tsu
fhy; L nty;
mbg;gilahd nkhopia _____
39) nkhopapay; mwpQh;> njhlf;ff;
vd;gh;.
fhyj; j py; jkpioAk; mjd;
%ynkhop
fpisnkhopfshd kiyahsk; >
njYq;F> fd;dlk; Mfpa 2. ,e;jpahit nkhopfspd; fhl;rpr;
njd;dpe;jpa nkhopfisAk; _____ rhiy vdf; Fwpg;gpl;lth; _____
my;yJ _____ vd;W toq;fpdh;. mfj; j paypq; f k;
jkpspad; my;yJ jKypf; 3. xU %y nkhopapypUe;J Njhd;wp
tsUk; nkhopia _____ vd;gh;.
fpisnkhop
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vOj;J (,yf;fzk;) msngil

48) nkhopiag; gpioapd;wpg; NgrTk; 54) msngil vd;why; vd;d?
Nfl;fTk;> fw;fTk; vOjTk; Jiz nra;Aspy; Xir FiwAk; NghJ
nra;tJ vJ? xU nrhy;ypd; KjypYk;
,yf; f zk; ,ilapYk; ,WjpapYk; epw;Fk;
49) ,yf;fzk; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? nel;nlOj;Jfs; jkf;Fhpa ,uz;L
mit ahit? khj;jpiuapypUe;J ePzL
; xypf;Fk;.
jkpopyf;fzk;> vOj;jpyf;fzk;>
55) msngil vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
nrhy;ypyf;fzk;> nghUspyf;fzk;>
mit ahit?
ahg;gpyf;fzk;> mzpapyf;fzk;
,uz;L tifg;gLk;.
vd Itifg;gLk;.
mit:-
50) vOj;Jfspd; tif:-
vOj;J KjnyOj;J> rhh;ngOj;J 1. capusngil> 2. xw;wsngil
vd ,Utifg;gLk;. 56) capusngil vd;why; vd;d?
51) KjnyOj;Jfs; vd;why; vd;d? nra;Aspy; Xir FiwAk; NghJ
m Kjy; xs tiu capu; me;j Xiria epiwT nra;a
vOj;Jfs; gd;dpuz;Lk; . f; Kjy; caph; n eby; vOj; J fs; VOk;
d; tiu cs;s nka;naOj;Jfs; msngLf;Fk;. ,/J capusngil
gjpndl; L k; Mfpa Kg; g J vdg;gLk;.
vOj;JfSk; Kjy; vOj;JfshFk;. 57) capusngil vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
52) rhh;ngOj;Jfs; vd;why; vd;d? mit ahit?
Kjy; vOj; J fisr; rhh; e ; J %d;W tifg;gLk;
,aq;Fk; vOj;Jfs; rhh;ngOj;Jfs; mit – 1. nra;Aspir msngil>
vdg;gLk;. 2. ,d;dpir msngil>
53) rhh;ngOj;Jfs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? 3. nrhy;ypir msngil.
mit ahit? 58) nra;Aspir msngil vd;why;
caphn ; ka;> Ma;jk;> capusngil> vd;d?
xw;wsngil> Fw;wpaypfuk;> Fw;wp nra;Aspy; ,iria epiwf;ftUk;
aYfuk;> Ifhuf;FWf;fk;> msngiliar; nra;Aspir
xsfhuf;FWf;fk;> kfuf;FWf;fk;> msngil vd;gh;.
Ma; j f; F Wf; f k; vdg; gj; J
tifg; g Lk; .
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59) ,d;dpir msngil vd;why; vd;d? nka;naOj;Jfs; jtpug;gpw

Xir Fiwahtpl;lhYk; ,dpa nka;naOj;Jfs; msngLf;Fk;.
Xirf;fhf msngLj;jiy 63) vOj;Jtif _____ khj;jpiu
,d;dpir msngil vd;gh;. 1. caph;fF; wpy;> caph;nka;f; Fwpy;
60) nrhy;ypir msngil vd;why; - xd;W
vd;d? 2. capu;neby;>caph; nka; neby;
xU nrhy; kw;nwhU nrhy;yhfg; - ,uz;L
nghUs; gltUk; msngil 3. nka;> Ma;jk; - miu
nrhy;ypir msngil vd;gh;. 4. capusngil - %d;W
61) xw;wsngil vd;why; vd;d? 5. xw;wsngil - xd;W
nra; A spy; Xir Fiwe; j hy; 64) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf:
nka;naOj;JfSk; msngLf;Fk; 1. cwh mh;f; FWNeha; ciug;gha;
. ,/J xw;wsngil vdg;gLk;. - ,j;njhlhpy; _____ te;Js;sJ.
62) Fwpg; G nra; A spir
1. nra;Aspir msngil ( ,irepiw 2. cLg; g J}ck; Ja; g ; g J}ck;
msngil) nra;Aspd; Xiria ,y;yhh;fF; - ,f;Fwl;ghj; njhlhpy;
epiwT nra; a <uir nfhz; l _____ msngil te;Js;sJ.
rPhf; shf kl;Lk; tUk;. (v.fh) coh ,d; d pir
mh;> glh mh;> 3. nrhy; y pir msngiliaj;
2. ,d; d pir msngil - ,dpa njhpT nra;f:
tudir, ,d;Dk; cs;Nsd;.
,irf;fhf %tir nfhz;l rPuf ; shf
65) nghUj;Jf:
kl;Lk; tUk;. (v.fh) nfLg;gJ}ck;>
m. xw;wsngil – muq;qf ; k;
vLg;gJ}ck;.
M. nra; A spir msngil –
3. nrhy;ypir msngil – ngah;r;
cohmh;
nrhy; msngLj;J> tpidnar;rg;
,. ,d;dpir msngil –
nghUspy; tUk;. , vd;Dk; vOj;jpy;
cLg;gJ}ck;
KbT ngw;wpUf;Fk;. (v.fh)
<. nrhy; y pir msngil –
eir ,> epwP ,. FbjoP,
4. xw;wsngil – ty;ypdj;J f;> r;> 66) epug;Gf –
l; > j; > g; > w; > vd; D k; MWk; > 1. msngil vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;F
,ilapdj; j py; h; > o; vd; D k; _____ vd;gJ nghUs;
,uz;Lk; Mf ,e;j vl;L msG - khj;jpiu
vil - vLj;jy;
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vOj;Jfspd; gpwg;G 73) ,uz;L cjLfs; nghUe;Jtjdhy;

67) vOj; J fspd; gpwg; G vj; j id gpwf;Fk; vOj;Jfs;.
tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? g;> k;
vOj;Jfspd; gpwg;G ,Utifg;gLk;. nkhopj;jpwd; gapw;rp
1. ,lg;gpwg;G
74) jkpo; vz;ZUf;fis mwpNthk;
2. Kaw;rpg; gpwg;G
68) ,lg;gpwg;G vd;why; vd;d? 1. f
vOj; J fs; Njhd; W fpd; w khh; G 2. c
Kjyhdtw;iw ,lg;gpwg;G 75) jkpo; r ; nrhy; y wpNthk; : -
vd; g H. 1. Rtpl;r; - nghj;jhd;
69) Kaw;rpg;gpwg;G vd;why; vd;d? 2. I];thl;lh; - Fsph; ePh;
cjL Kjyhd cWg; G fspd; 3. $y;l;hpq;]; - Fsph;ghdk;
njhopy; NtWghl; b dhy; xypg; 4. fpiuz;lh; - kpd; miuit
gjid Kaw;rpg;gpwg;G vd;gH. 5. gphp[; - Fsph;rhjdg; ngl;b
70) nka;naOj;Jfis xypf;Fk; NghJ 6. B - NjePh;
NtWgl;l %d;W xypfs; ahit? 7. th\pq; n k\pd; - ryit
1. ty;ypd xyp ,ae;jpuk;
2. nky;ypd xyp 8. nlypNghd; - njhiyNgrp
3. ,ilapd xyp
76) jkpo;g; gonkhopia mwpf –
71) KjnyOj;Jfspd; ,lg;gpwg;G
1. Bend the tree while it is young
m) ,ilapd vOj;Jfs; MWk;
Ie; j py; tisahjJ> Ik; g jpy;
fOj;jpypUe;J gpwf;fpd;wd.
tisAkh?
M) nky;ypd vOj;Jfs; MWk;
%f;fpypUe;J gpwf;fpd;wd. 2. As is the mother, so is her daughter
,) ty;ypd vOj;Jfs; MWk; jhiag;Nghyg; gps;is> E}iyg;
khh; g pypUe; J gpwf; f pd; w d. Nghy Nriy
72) Mtp ,ilik ,lkplW MFk; 3. A friend in need is a friend indeed
NkTk; nkd;ik %f;F caph;fhg;ghd; Njhod;
cuk;ngWk; td;ik 4. A man of courage never wants weapons
- ed;D}y;> 75 ty;ytDf;Fg; Gy;Yk; MAjk;.
Mtp - capnuOj;J 5. Blood is thicker than water
,ilik - ,ilapdk; jhd; Mlhtpl;lhYk; jd;jir MLk;.
kplW - fOj;J
nkd;ik - nky;ypdk;
cuk; - khh;G
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,ay; , uz; L khdhf;fuhth;.ngUk;ghd;ik nghJ

nra;As; - rpWgQ;r%yk; mwf;fUj;JfSk; rpWghd;ik rkz
mwf;fUj;JfSk; ,e;E}ypy; ,lk;
77) f z ; t d g ; G f ; f z ; N z h l ; l k ; >
ngw;Ws;sd.
fhy;tdg;Gr; nry;yhik – vd;w
82) E}w; Fwpg;G :-
rpWgQ; r %yk; vd; w ghliyg;
rpWgQ;r%yk; gjpndz;fo P f
; f
; zf;F
ghbath; ahh;?
E}y;fSs; xd;W. ,jd; Mrphpah;
fhhpahrhd;
fhhpahrhd; . ,e; E }ypy; > flTs;
78) nrhw; n ghUs; - tho;jJ; ld; njhz;Z}w;NwO ntz;
1. fz;Nzhl;lk; - ,uf;fk; nfhs;Sjy; ghf;fs; cs;sd. fz;lq; fj;jphp>
2. vz;tdg;G - Muha;rr ; pf;F moF rpWtOJiz> rpWky;yp> ngUky;yp>
3. tdg;G - moF neUQ;rp Mfpa Ie;J %ypifapd;
4. fpsh;Nte;jd; - GfOf;F chpa Nth;fSk; cly; Nehiaj; jPhg ; g
; d.
murd; mJNghy> ,e;E}ypd; xt;nthU
5. thl;lhd; - tUj;jkhl;lhd; ghlypYk; $wg; g l; L s; s Ie; J
79) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:- fUj;JfSk; kf;fs; kdNehiag;
1. fz; N zhl; l k; > nry; y hik> Nghf;Ftd. Mifahy; ,e;E}y;
ciuj;jy;> vd;wy; - njhopwn ; gah;fs; rpWgQ;r%yk; vdg;ngah; ngw;wJ.
2. Nfl;lhh;> thl;lhd; - tpidah epug;Gf:
yizAk; ngah;fs; 1 . g z ; Z f ; F m o F _____
80) gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; - ed;nwd;wy; Nfl;Nlhh;.
1. Nfl;lhh; - Nfs; (l;) + l; + Mh; 2. gpwhplk; ,ue;J nry;yhik _____
moF.
Nfs; - gFjp
fhYf; F
s; - l; MdJ tpfhuk;
l; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy ghQ;rhyprgjk; - ghujpahh;
Mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp 83) ,e;jpu khefiu Mz;L te;jth;
mzp - nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiy ahh;?
mzp ghz; l th;
81) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G :- 84) nrhw;nghUs; -
fhhpahrhd;> kJiuj; jkpohrphpah; 1. vk;gp – vd;jk;gp
khf; f hadhhpd; khzth; vdr; 2. klg;gpb – ghQ;rhyp
rpwg;Gg;ghapuk; $WfpwJ. ,th;>
3. fspf;f – kfpo
rkz rkaj;ijr; rhh;ej ; th;. ,tUk;
4. Nfhkhd; – murd; ( jpUjuhl;bud;)
fzpNkjhtpahUk; xU rhiy
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5. Ee;ij – Ek; je;ij 9. gha;e;J> nrwpe;J – tpidnar;

6. mltp – fhL rq;fs;
7. jle;Njhs; – typaNjhs; 10. Qhynkyhk;> kf;fnsyhk; –
8. kzpefh; – mofpa efuk; vy; y hk; vd; g jd; njhFj; j y;
9. kUq;F – gf;fk; tpfhuk;.
10. NfhyKW – moF kpf;f 11. fhj;jy; – njhopw;ngah;
11. nrwpe;J – mlh;e;J 12. njhy;YyF – gz;Gj; njhif
12. fh – fhL 13. jhsKk; NksKk; – vz;Zk;ik
13. FyT – tpsq;Fk; 14. gjkyh; – cUtfk;
14. Qhyk; – cyfk; 86) gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;
15. gz;zth; – Njth; 1. fle;J – fl+ j;(e;)+ j; + c
16. muk;igah; – Njt kfsph; fl – gFjp
17. Qhdk; – mwpT j; – re;jp
18. Gd;ik – ,ope;j jd;ik j; – e; MdJ tpfhuk;
19. tPW – typik j; – ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
20. rJuq;fr; Nrid – ehy;tifg; c – tpidnar;r tpFjp
gilfs; 2. nry;thd; – nry; + t; + Md;
21. kJunkhop – ,dpa nkhop nry; – gFjp
22. Fryq;fs; Ngrp – eyd; Nfl;ly; t; – vjph;fhy ,ilepiy
85) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:– Md; – Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
1. khefh; – chpr;nrhw;nwhlh; 87) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G :-
2. rhh;e;jth; – tpidahyizAk; Rg;gpukzpa ghujpahh; jw;Nghija
ngah; J}j;Jf;Fb khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s
3. Ee;ij – Ek; je;ij vd;gjd; vl;laGuj;jpy; 11-12-1882 md;W
k& c gpwe; j hh; . ,th; j k; ngw; N whh;
4. mltp kiyahW – ck;ikj; rpd;drhkp – ,yf;Fkp mk;ikahh;
njhif Mth;. ,thpd; Jiztpahh;
5. fle;J – tpidnar;rk; nry;yk;khs;. rpwe;j gilg;ghsuhd
6. jle;Njhs; – chpr;nrhw;nwhlh; ghujpahh; Fapy; ghl;L> fz;zd;
7. ghyilAk; eWnea;Ak; NjDk; ghl;L> ghQ;rhyp rgjk; Kjypa
– vz;Zk;ik E}y;fisg; gilj;jspj;jhh;. ehL>
8. ePyKb> ed;nra;> Gd;nra; – nkhop> ,iw> ngz;ik Kjypa
gz;Gj; njhiffs;
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ghLnghUs;fspy; vz;zw;w ghly; RNjrkpj;jpud;> ,e;jpah Kjypa

,aw;wpdhh;. Qhdujk;> re;jphpifapd; ,jo;fspd; Mrphpauhf ,Ue;jhh;.
fij> juhR Kjypa ciueil ,e;jpa tpLjiyf;Fg; ghLg;gl;lhh;.
,yf;fpaq;fisAk; vOjpdhh;. ,th; 90) epug;Gf-
11-09-1921 md;W es;spuT 1. ePL Japy; ePf;fg; ghbte;j epyh
kiwe;jhh;. vdg; ghuhl;lg; ngw;wth; ______
88) E}w;Fwpg;G:- Mthh;.
,g;ghlg;gFjp> ghujpahhpd; Kg;ngUk; ghujpahh;
gilg;GfSs; xd;whfpa ghQ;rhyp 2. JhpNahjdpd; je;ij ______
rgjk; vd;Dk; fhg;gpaj;jpd; #o;rr; pr; Mthh;.
rUf;fj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. jpUjuhl; b ud;
midtUk; mwpe; j ,jpfhrf; 91) nghUj;Jf
fijia vspa nrhw;fs;> vspa 1. tdg;G – moF
eil> vspa re;jk; Mfpatw;Wld; 2. gpb – ngz; ahid
$ba ngz;Zhpikf; fhg;gpakhfj; 3. mltp – fhL
jkpopy; ghujp tbj;Jj; je;jNj 4. kUq;F – gf;fk;
ghQ;rhyprgjk;. tpahrhpd; ghujj;ijj; 5. tPW – typik
jOtp vOjg; ngw;wJ. ghQ;rhyp 6. kJunkhop – ,dpa nkhop
rgjk; ,U ghfq;fisf; nfhz;lJ. ,f;fhyf; ftpijfs;
,J #o;r;rpr; rUf;fk;> #jhl;lr; (ciueil)
rUf; f k; > mbikr; rUf; f k; >
JfpYhpjy; rUf;fk;> rgjr; rUf;fk; 92) ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;by; ______>
vd Ie;J rUf;fq;fisAk; ______ Kk; tpiuthf tsh;e;jd.
ehD}w; W g; gd; d puz; L ghly; mwptpaYk;> ,yf;fpaKk;
fisAk; nfhz;l FWq;fhg;gpak;. 93) nra;As;> ciueil vd;Dk; ,U
89) rpwg;G: tbtpYk; ______ kyh;e;Js;sd.
ghujpahh; ghl;lf;nfhU Gytd;> GJtif ,yf;fpaq;fs;
ePLJapy; ePf;fg; ghbte;j epyh> 94) ciueilf;fhyk; vd;why; vd;d?
jw;fhy ,yf;fpaj;jpd; tpbnts;sp> ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; ciueil
Njrpaf;ftp> kfhftp vd;nwy;yhk; tsj;ijf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L
Gfog;ngw;whh;. Nehf; F k; NghJ ,f; f hyj; i j
ciueilf; fhyk; vdyhk;.
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95) ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;L njhlf;fj;jpy; 102) G y t h ; F o e ; i j > K b a u r d ;

ehL> nkhop> ,dk;> rKjhak;> fiy KjypNahh; ftpijfspy; gFj;jwpT
vd ve;j ve;jf; ftpQh; gytw;iwg; Nehf;Fk; ______ ,yq;ff; fhzyhk;.
ghbdh;? Kw;Nghf;Fr; rpe;jidAk;
ghujpahh;> ghujpjhrd;> ftpkzp jkpOzh; T k;
Njrpfk; tpehafdhh;> ehkf;fy;> 103) ctikf; f tpQh; vd rpwg; G g;
,uhkypq; f dhh; . ngw;wth; ahh;?
96) ghujpapd; ftpijfs; ,Ugjhk; Rujh
E}w; w hz; b y; vjw; F tpj; j hf 104) Rujh ghly;fspy; ,ilapy; fye;J
mike;jdh;? tUtJ vJ?
mUk; g pa kWkyh; r ; r pf; F tuyhw;Wr; nra;jpfSk;>
97) kd;dh;fis kl;LNk kfpo;tpj;J ,yf;fz tpsf;fq;fSk;.
te;j ftpij kuig khw;wp> vspa 105) R u j h a h i u c t i k f s h y ;
kf; f is Nehf; f pf; ftpijf; ghuhl;bAs;shh;?
fUtpiaj; jpUg; g p mikj; j kiwkiyabfshiu
ngUik ahiur; rhUk;? 106) g h u j p j h r i d j ; njhlh;e;J
ghujpahiur; rhUk; ,aw;ifapd; moif vopYwg; glk;
98) ghujpjhrdpd; ftpijfs; ahit? gpbj;Jf; fhl;Ltjpy; ahUila
jkpo;> jkpoh;> jkpOzh;T> rOjha ftpijfs; rpwe;J tpsq;Ffpd;wd?
kWkyh; r ; r p> ngz; tpLjiy> thzpjhrd;
jpuhtpl ,af; f r; rpe; j id> 107) k u G f ; f t p i j f s ; G i d e ; J
nghJTilik jkpod; i df; F NkYk; tsKk;
99) tpLjiy ,af;ff; ftpQh; ahh;? ngUikAk; ahh; Nrh;j;Js;sdh;?
ehkf;fy; ftpQh; Rj; j hde; j ghujpahh; > gl; L f;
100) Fwpg;G – Nfhl;ilf; fy;ahzRe;juk;>
ftpijfspy; fhe;jpar; rpe;jidfs; ftpQh; fz;zjhrd;> jkpo;xsp
kpsph; f pd; w d. ,th; jkpohpd; 108) kdpjFy tsh;r;rpf;F Vw;wthW
rpwg;igAk; jkpo;nkhopapd; ,dpik rpe; j id khw; w q; f Sk; r%f
iaAk; Nrh;j;Jg; ghbdhh;? khw;wjpd; tpisNt______
ehkf;fy; ftpQh; GJf;ftpijapd; Njhw;wk;
101) tho;fi; f rpwf;f xt;nthUtUk; xU 109) mnkhpf;ff; ftpQh; ‘thy;lt ; pl;kdpd;’
njhopiyahtJ fw;Wf; nfhs;tJ rhaypy; trd ftpij vOjpath;
ey;yJ vd typAWj;jpath; ahh;? ahh;?
ehkf; f y; y hh; ghujpahh;
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110) ghujpjhrdpd; ciueilfs; midj;Jk; nrag;gpufhrk;> gpugQ;rd;> ghyh>

______ nfhz;lit? Nfh.uh[huhk; vd tsUk; ngUk;
ftpijeil gl;baiyf; nfhz;lJ thdk;ghb
111) jkpopy; GjpanjhU tbtk; Njhd;wf; ,af;fk;. ,th;fsJ tUiff;Fg;
fhuzkhf ,Ue;jit? gpdd; h; GJf;ftpij> rKjhak; Vw;Wf;
Nkiy ehl;L ,yf;fpaj; nfhs;Sk; Xh; ,yf;fpa tifahfr;
njhlh;Gk;> rKjhar; #o;epiyAk;
rpwg;Gw;wJ.
112) Gjpa Mq; f pyf; ftpijfisg;
118) epug; G f:-
gbj;j jkpouJ rpe;jidapy; ve;jf;
1. fhe;jpaf; ftpQh; vdg; Nghw;wg;
ftpijfs; kyh;eJ ; kzk; gug;gpd?
gLgth; ______
GJf; f tpijfs;
113) kzpf; n fhb vd; D k; ,jopy; ehkf;fy; ftpQh;
GJf;ftpij vOjpath; ahh;? 2. GJf;ftpij tsh;rr ; papy; ______
e.gprr
; %h;jj
; p> GJikg;gpjj ; d;> F.g. gq;F Nghw;wj;jf;fJ.
,uhrNfhgh yhd; > f.eh.Rg; g pu ty; y pf; f z; z d;
kzpad;. fz; z jhrd;
114) vOj;J vd;Dk; GJf;ftpijfisg; ftpapd; g k;
gilj;jth; ahh;?
(Jizg; g hlk; )
v];.itj;j] P t; ud;> jUK rptuhK>
kzp> rp.R nry;yg;gh KjypNahh; 119) ,Ugjhk; E}w; w hz; L j; jkpo; f ;
Mth; . ftpQh;fspd; thpirapy;
115) Nfhitapy; thdk; ghbf; FOtpdh; jdf;nfd;W jdp Kj;jpiuiag;
ve;jf; ftpijiag; gutyhf;fg; gjpj;jth; ahh;?
ghLgl;ldh;? ftpauR fz; z jhrd;
GJf; f tpij 120) vspa nrhw; f isf; nfhz; L
116) GJf;ftpij ghLtjpy; <Lgl;Lg; cs;sj;ij kfpot ; pfF
; k; ghly;fis
ngU ntw;wp ngw;w ftpQh;fs; ahh;? ,aw;wpa ngUik ahUf;F cz;L?
eh.fhkuhrd;> kPuh(kP. ,uhNre;jpud;)> fz; z jhrd;
rpw; g pghyRg; g pukzpad; > thyp>
121) tho;fi ; fAk; tho;fi
; fiag; gw;wpa
,d;Fyhg;> K.Nkj;jh> ituKj;J>
rpe; j idfSNk ______ Fhpa
mg;Jy;uFkhd;> <NuhL jkpod;gd;
nghUs;fshk;.
117) Fwpg;G:-
ftpijf;Fhpa
GtpauR> fq;if nfhz;lhd;> rpw;gp>
jkpo; e hld; > mf; f pdpg; G j; j pud; >
rf;jpf;fdy;> ,utPej ; pud;> Qhdp> gh.
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122) coth; ngUkf;fspd; ,y;yj;Nj jkpok; yh; Kjypa ,jo;fs; njhlq;fp>

vOfpd;w gy;NtW xirfs; ______> mtw; W f; F Mrphpauhf ,Ue; J
xj;J xypf;fpd;wd? rpwe;j ,jo;g;gzp Mw;wpAs;shh;.
,iaGj; njhilAk;> ,ireaKk; ftpijapYk; ciueilapYk; nrhw;
123) fz; z jhrd; - gilg; G fSk; > nghoptpYk; jpiug;glj; JiwapYk;
rpwg; G fSk; . jkf;nfd xU Gjpa topapid
Kj; i jah vd; w ,aw; n gah; tFj;Jf; nfhz;L jiy epkph;eJ ;
nfhz;l fz;zjhrd;> rptfq;if epd;wth; fz;zjhrd;. mth; jk;
khtl;lj;jpYs;s rpW $ly;gl;b ftpijfshy; vd;nwd;Wk; tho;eJ ;
vd;Dk; rpw;W}hpy; 24.06.1927 vd;W nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;.
gpwe;jhh;. ngw;Nwhh; rhj;jg;gd; - ehd; epue;jpukhdtd; moptjpy;iy.
tprhyhl; r p Mth; . fz; z jhrd; ve;j epiyapYk; vdf;F kuzkpyi ; y.
ftpijfs; gy njhFjpfshf ntsp - fz;zjhrd;
te;Js;sd. mth;jk; jpiug;glg; MFg; n gah;
ghly;fs; E}y; tbtk; ngw;Ws;sd. (,yf; f zk; )
124) Ml;ldj;jp Mjpke;jp> khq;fdp>
fy; y f; F b khfhtpak; > ,NaR 125) MF ngah; vd;why; vd;d?
xU nghUspd; ngah;> jdf;Fhpa
fhtpak; Kjypad mth; gilj;j
nghUisf; Fwpf;fhky; jd;NdhL
neLq; ftpij E}y;fs;.
njhlh;Gila NtnwhU nghUSf;Fg;
,uhrjz;lid vd;gJ> fk;gh; -
ngauhfp tUtJ MF ngah;
mk;gpfhgjp tuyhw;iw mbg;gil
vdg; g Lk; .
ahff; nfhz; L > mth; g ilj; j 126) MFngah; vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
,dpaehlfk;. Mapuk; jPT mq;faw; MFngah; gjpdhW tifg;gLk;
fz; z p> Ntyq; F bj; jpUtpoh 127) msitf; Fwpf; F k; ngah; f s;
Kjypa gy Gjpdq; fisAk; ______ vd;gh;.
fz; z jhrd; gilj; j pUf; f pwhh; . msitg; n gah; f s;
mth; vOjpa ,UgJf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l 128) msitg; ngah; f s; vj; j id
Gjpdq;fspy; Nrukhd; fhjyp rpwe;j tifg;gLk;? mit ahit?
tuyhw;Wg; GjpdkhFk;. mjw;Fr; ehd;F tifg;gLk;
rhfpj; j pa mfhjkpapd; ghpR mit
fpilj; J s; s J. fz; z jhrd; 1. vz;zy; msit> 2. vLj;jy;
njd;wy;> Ky;iy> fz;zjhrd; msit> 3. Kfj;jy; msit>
4. ePl;ly; msit.
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129) vz;zy; msit MFngah;fF ; 137) fUj;jhthF ngah; vd;why; vd;d?

(v.fh) jUf jpUts; S tiug; gbj; J g; g hh;
xd;W ngw;why; xspkak; ,j;njhlhpy; jpUts;Sth; vd;gJ
130) vLj;jy; msit MFngah;f;F mtuhy; ,aw;wg; ngw;w E}Yf;F
(v.fh) jUf? Mfpte;jjhy; fUj;jhthF
Ie;J fpNyh vd;d tpiy? ngauhapw; W .
131) Kfj;jy; msit MFngah;f;F 138) ctikahF ngah; vd;why; vd;d?
(v.fh) jUf? xUtiug; ghh;jJ; > ehjh; tUfpwhh;
ehd;F ypl;lh; Njit vdy; .
132) eP l ; l y; msit MFngah; f ; F 139) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf:-
(v.fh) jUf? 1. ‘ehYkpuz;Lk; nrhy;Yf;FWjp’ -
%d;W kPl;lh; nfhL ,j;njhlh; ______ MFk;.
133) nrhy;yhF ngah; vd;why; vd;d? vz; z ysit MFngah;
ts; S th; nrhy; tho; f ; i ff; F 2. japiu ,wf;F. - ,j;njhlh;
,dpJ. ,j; n jhlhpy; ts; S th; ______ MFngah; MFk;.
nrhy; vd;gJ> nrhy;iyf; Fwpff ; hJ jhdpahF ngah;
nghUSf;Fg; ngauhfp te;jjhy;. 3. jhdk; jhdpf;F (nghUSf;F)
134) jhdpahFngah; vd;why; vd;d? Mfp tUtJ ______ MFngah;.
ghiy ,wf;F – ghypd; ngah; ,lthF ngah;
ghiyf; Fwpf;fhky; ghj;jpuj;ijf; 140) nghUj;Jf:-
Fwpf;fpwJ. Xh; ,lj;jpy; cs;s 1. Kfj;jy; msit MFngah; -
xU nghUspd; ngah; (jhdp) ,uz;L ypl;lh; jh.
mJ rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;Fg; 2. ctikahF ngah; - fhis
tUfpwhd;
ngauhfp tUtJ.
3. nrhy;yhF ngah; - nghpNahh;
135) fUtpahF ngah; vd;why; vd;d?
nrhy; Nfs;
aho; Nfl; L kfpo; e ; j hs; . ,j;
4. vLj;jy; msit MFngah; -
njhlhpy; aho; vd; D k; fUtp
gj;Jf; fpuhk; nfhL
,irf;F Mfp te;jjhy;.
136) fhhpathF ngah; vd;why; vd;d? nkhopj;jpwd; gapw;rp
ehd; rikay; fw;Nwd;. ,q;Fr; 141) Nth;rn
; rhw;fis tpidKw;whf;Ff.
rikay; vd;Dk; fhhpaj;jpd; ngah; 1. ehd; ehis re;ijf;Fg; ______
mjd; fhuzj;jpw;Fg; (fUtpf;F) (Ngh) tpil: NghNtd;
ngauhfp tUtJ fhhpathF 2. khzth;fs; gs;spapy; fy;tp
ngah; . ______ (fy;) tpil : fw;fpd;wdH
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3. ahid Nfhgk; nfhz;L ______ 4. ePjp jtwhj kd;dd; ______

(gpspW) tpil: gpspwpw;W 5. New;Wg; nga;j kio ______
4. NjrpqF; uhrh ghuhrhhpf; Fjpiuia 144) tpidKw; i wg; nganur; r khf
______ (mlf;F) khw;Wf
tpil : mlf;fpdhH
(v.fh) New;W kjpaofd; te;jhd;.
5. ,e;jpa mzp New;iwa fhy;
New;W te;j kjpaofd;.
ge;Jg; Nghl;bapy; ntw;wp ______
1. vopyd; tiue;jhd; ______
(ngW) tpil: ngw;wJ
2. mg;gh rpdk; nfhz;lhh; ______
142) milg;Gf;FwpfF ; s; cs;s nrhw;fisr;
3. vopy; ghk;igf; fz;lhs; ______
nrhw;nwhlUf;Nfw;g khw;Wf:-
4. Fjpiu tpiuthf XbaJ ______
1. mth; ______ (tpiuT) te;Jk;
5. Fuq;Ffs; jhtpf; Fjpj;jd ____
NgUe;ijg; gpbf;f ,aytpy;iy.
tpilfs;: (ePqf; s; Kaw;rp nra;aTk;)
2. khzth;fSf;Fg; ghprspf;FkhW
______ ( j i y t h ; ) N f l ; L f ; ,ay; %d;W
nfhs;fpNwd;. nra;As; - GwehD}W
3. Foe;ijfs; ______ (ngw;Nwhh;) 148) njz;fly; tshfk; nghJik ,d;wp
khpahij jUjy; Ntz;Lk;. – vd; w GwehD}W ghliyg;
4. mLg;G ed;whf______ (vhp) tpwF ghbath; ahh;?
fha;ej; pUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. kJiuf; fzf;fhadhh; kfdhh;
5. vjpYk; ______ (vspik) ef; f P u dhh; .
filg;gpbj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 149) nrhw;nghUs; :-
tpilfs; : 1. epow;wpa - epoy; nra;j
1. tpiue;J 2. eLehs;ahkk; - es;spuT
2. jiytiuf; 3. JQ;rhd; - Japyhd;
3. ngw;NwhUf;F 4. kh - tpyq;F
4. vupa 5. fy;yh - fy;tpawptpy;yhj
5. vspikiaf; 6. ehop - msTg;ngah;
143) nganur;rj;ij tpidKw;whf khw;wp 7. <jy; - nfhLj;jy;
vOJf: 8. Ja;g;Ngk; - Efh;Nthk;
(v.fh) tdg; G kpf; f Nrhiy. 9. jg;Ge - ,of;f
Nrhiy tdg;G kpf;fJ. 150) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G :-
1. Js;sp Xba Gs;spkhd; ______ 1. ntz;Fil - gz;Gj;njhif
2. kpfTk; ,dpj;j gok; ______ 2. fy;yh xUtw;Fk; - <Wnfl;l
3. kuq;fs; epiwe;j fhL ______ vjph;kiwg; nganur;rk;
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3. ehop - MFngah; xUthpd; tPuk;> nfhil> fy;tp

4. <jy; - njhopw; ngah; Kjypa rpwg;Gfisf; Fwpf;Fk;.
5. Ja;gN ; gk; - jd;ikg; gd;ik ,/J vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fSs;
tpidKw;W xd;W. ,e;E}ypYs;s ghly;fs;
151) gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; gy; N tW Gyth; f shy; ghlg;
1. JQ;rhd; - JQ;R+ (M)+ Md; ngw;wit. ,g;ghly;fs; thapyhfg;
JQ;R – gFjp gz;ilj; jkpo; kd;dh;fspd; Ml;rpr;
M – vjph;kiw ,ilepiy M – rpwg; G > tP u k; > nfhil> fy; t p
kiwe;jJ Kjypatw;iw mwpayhk;. ,e;E}ypd;
Md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp rpy ghly;fis [p.A.Nghg;
2. <jy; - < + jy; Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhop ngah;jJ; s;shh;.
< - gFjp FWe; n jhif (NjtFyj; j hh; )
jy; - njhopw;ngah; tpFjp
3. Ja;g;Ngk; - Ja; + g; + g; + 154) epyj; j pDk; nghpNj thdpDk;
Vk;> Ja; - gFjp cah;e;jd;W – vd;w FWe;njhif
g; - re;jp ghliyg; ghbath; ahh;?
g; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy NjtFyj; j hh; .
Vk; - jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W 155) nrhw;nghUs;:-
tpFjp 1. ePH - fly;
152) Mrphpah; Fwpg;G:- 2. fUq;Nfhy; - fUik epwKila
kJiuf; fzf;fhadhh; kfdhh; nfhk;G
ef;fuP dhh;. ,th; ,iwadhh; vOjpa 3. cah;e;jd;W - cah;e;jJ
fstpaYf; F ciu fz; l th; @ 4. mstpd;W - mstpidAilaJ
gj; J g; g hl; L s; jpUKUfhw; W g; 156) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:-
giliaAk; neLey; thiliaAk; 1. epyj;jpDk;> thdpDk;> ePhpDk; -
cah;Tr; rpwg;Gk;ikfs;
,aw; w path; . ,g; g hlypy; ,th; >
2. fUq;Nfhy;> ngUe;Njd; - gz;Gj;
cyfpay; cz;ikiaf; $wpAs;shh;.
njhiffs;
153) E}w; F wpg; G :-
157) gphpj;jwpjy; :-
GwehD}W – Gwk; + ehd;F + E}W
1. MusT = mUik + msT
Gwg;nghUs; gw;wpa ehD}W ghly;
2. fUq;Nfhy; = fUik + Nfhy;
fisf; nfhz;ljdhy; GwehD}W
3. ngUe;Njd; = ngUik + Njd;
vdg; ngah; ngw;wJ. Gwk; vd;gJ
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158) E}w;Fwpg;G :- jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk;

FWik + njhif = FWe;njhif. guQ;Nrhjp Kdpth;
Fiwe;j mbasthy; ghlg; ngw;w
161) jkpo; g ; G yth; f s; ,iwtDf; F k;
ghly;fspd; njhFg;Ng FWe;njhif.
jkpOf; F k; cs; s gpizg; i g
,e;E}y;> vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fSs;
cWjpg;gLj;jNt ______ Guhzk;
xd;W. ,jpy;> flTs; tho;j;Jld;
Kjypa Guhzq;fis ,aw;wpajhff;
ehD}w;nwhU ghly;fs; cs;sd.
nfhs;syhk;.
mfg;nghUs; gw;wpa ghly;fisg;
jpUtpisahly; Guhzk;
gy;NtW fhyq;fspy; tho;ej ; Gyth;
162) Gyth; jk; Gyikj; jpwj;ij mwpa
fs; ghbAs;shh;fs;. ,g;ghly;fs;
Fiwe;j msthf ehd;fbfisAk; ,iwtid Ntz; b r; ______
mjpf msthf vl;L mbfisAk; ngw;wdh;.
nfhz; b Uf; f pd; w d. ,e; E }iyj; rq;fg; gyifiag;
njhFj;jth; g+hpf;Nfh. ghujk; ghba 163) tq;fpa Nrfu ghz;badpd; kfd;
ngUe;Njtdhh; ,e;E}Yf;Ff; flTs; ______ kJiuapy; murhl; r pg;
tho;j;Jg; ghbAs;shh;. ,g;ghlyh nghWg;ig Vw;wdh; ahh;?
rphpah; Fwpj;j nra;jpfs; fpilf;f tq; f pa #lhkzpghz; b ad;
tpy;iy. 164) #lhkzpghz;baDf;Fr; ______
,e;E}y; thapyhfg; gz;ilj; jkpohpd; vd;Dk; ngah; toq;fyhapw;W.
,y;tho;f;if> xOf;fk;> kfsph; rz; g fg; ghz; b ad;
khz;G> mwTzh;T Kjypatw;iw 165) nrhw;nghUs;:-
mwpayhk; 1. itia ehltd; - ghz;bad;
159) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;f:- 2. ca;a - gpiof;f
1. vl;Lj;njhif E}y; ______ 3. ,ue;J nrg;gpdhd; - gzpe;J
FWe; n jhif Ntz;bdhd;
2. FWe; n jhifg; ghly; f spd; 4. njd; d td; Fynja; t k; -
vz;zpf;if ______ nrhf;fehjd;(m) Re;jughz;bad;
401 5. ,d;dy; - Jd;gk;
3. FWe; n jhifg; ghly; f spd; 6. ey;fpdhh; - mspj;jhh;
mbtiu ______ 7. ,iwQ;rp - gzpe;J
4-8 8. msf;fpy; Nfs;tpahh; - mstw;w
160) Ie;jpiz Nfs;tpawptpdh;.
1. FwpQ;rp> 2. Ky;iy> 3. kUjk;> 9. rpuk; Jsf;fp - jiyarj;J
4. nea;jy; 5. ghiy.
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10. kPdtd; - kPdn; fhbia cila 166) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:-

ghz;bad; 1. ciuj;J> ,ue;J - tpidnar;rq;fs;
11. tpGjh; - Gyth; 2. nrhy;yp> ,iwQ;rp - tpidnar;rq;fs;
12. J}q;fpa - njhq;fpa 3. tpsf;fp> rpwe;J - tpidnar;rq;fs;
13. nghw;fpop - nghd; Kbg;G 4. kfpo;ej ; - njhopw;ngah;
14) ek;gp - jUkp 5. J}q;fpa> Ma;ej ; - nganur;rq;fs;
15. Gwk;G - ntspapy; 6. Neh;e;J - tpidnar;rk;
16. igAs; - tUj;jk; 7. nfhz;L> itj;J - tpidnar;rq;fs;
17. gdtd; - me;jzd; 8. Nehf;fp - tpidnar;rk;
18. fz;lk; - fOj;J 9. fpsj;jpNdd; - jd;ik xUik
19. tOT ghly; - Fw;wKs;s ghly; tpidKw;W
20. Mh;mit - (Gyth;fs;) epiwe;j 10. Njuhf;fuP d; - <Wnfl;l vjphk
; iwg;
mit nganur;rk;
21. fpsj;jpNdd; - nrhd;Ndd; 11. Gidkyh; - tpidj;njhif
22. rPuzp - Gfo;tha;e;j 12. gw;Wthd;> mQ;rhd; - tpid
23. Ntzp - nrQ;ril ahyizAk; ngah;fs;
24. Xuhd; - czuhd; 13. Fw;wk; - njhopw;ngah;
25. mw;Fw;w - (my;F + cw;w ) - 14. Nja; e ; j > gha; e ; j > Ma; e ; j >
,Uisnahj;j fha;e;j - nganur;rq;fs;
26. ehw;wk; - eWkzk; 15. tpOe;J - tpidnar;rk;
27.Foy; - $e;jy; 16. nre;jP> ntk;ik - gz;Gj;
28. my;F - ,uT njhiffs;
29. Vj;Jk; - tzq;Fk; 167) gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;
1. ,ue;J = ,u + j;(e;)+ j; + c
30. Qhdg;g+qN; fhij - cikak;ik
31. fw;iwthh; rilahd; -
,u - gFjp
rptngUkhd;
j; - re;jp
32. ck;guhh; gjp - Njth; jiytd;
j; - e; MdJ tpfhuk;
(,e;jpud;)
j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
33. Ejy; tpop - new;wpf;fz;
c - tpidnar;r tpFjp
34. nghw;gq;faj;jlk; -
2. ey;fpdhh; - ey;F + ,d; + Mh;
nghw;whgpkiuf; Fsk;
ey;F - gFjp
35. ehtyd; - Gyth;
,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
36. fue;jhd; - kiwe;jhd;.
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Mh; - jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W ,iwtid topgl;L te;jhh;. mt;thW

tpFjp kJiu efhpid mile;J kPdhl;rp
3. tpsf;fp - tpsf;F + , mk;kidAk; NrhkRe;juf; flTisAk;
tpsf;F - gFjp tzq;fpath;. me;efupNyNa rpyfhyk;
, - tpidnar;r tpFjp jq;fpapUe;jhh;. me;efuj;jhh; mtiuf;
4. J}q;fpdhd; - J}q;F + ,d; + Md; Nfl; L f; nfhz; l jw; F ,zq; f
jpUtpisahlw; Guhzj;ij ,aw;
J}q;F - gFjp
wpdhh;. me;E}iyr; rptngUkhd;
jpUf; N fhtpypd; vjpNu cs; s
Md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
mWfhy; gPlj;jpy; ,Ue;J tlnkhop>
5. gw;Wthd; - gw;W + t; + Md;
njd; nkhopg;Gyth; ahtUk; Nghw;w
gw;W - gFjp muq;Nfw;wpdhh;.
t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy ,th; jpUtpisahlw; Nghw;wpf;fyp
Md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp ntz;gh> kJiug;gjpw;Wg;gj;je;jhjp
6. Njuhd; - Njh; + M + Md; Kjypa E}y;fisAk; ,aw;wpAs;shh;.
Njh; - gFjp 169) E}w;Fwpg;G:-
M - vjphk ; iw ,ilepiy (kiwe;jJ) jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk;> kJiuf;
Md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp fhz; l k; (gjpndl; L g; glyk; ) >
7. Nja;ej; - Nja; + j;(e;) + j; + $lw; f hz; l k; (Kg; g J glyk; ) >
m jpUthytha;f; fhz;lk; ( gjpdhW
Nja; - gFjp glyk;) vd;Dk; Kg;ngUk; gFjp
j; - re;jp fisAk; glyk; vd;Dk; mWgj;J
j; - e; MdJ tpfhuk; ehd;F cl;gphpTfisAk; cilaJ.
,jpy; %thapuj; J Ke; E }w; W
mWgj;J %d;W tpUj;jg; ghf;fs;
m - nganur;r tpFjp
cs; s d. kJiuapy; ,iwtd;
168) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G :
epfo;j;jpa mWgj;J ehd;F
guQ;Nrhjp Kdpth; ehif khtl;lj;
jpUtpisahly;fis ,g;glyq;fs;
jpYs;s jpUkiwf;fhL (Ntjhuz; tpsf;Ffpd;wd.
ak; ) vd; D k; Chpy; gpwe; j hh; .
,e;E}y;> ,iwtdpd; jpUtpisah
jkpopYk; tlnkhopapYk; Gyik
ly;fis tpsf;fp vOe;j E}y;fSs;
ngw; w th; . ,thpd; je; i jahh;
tphpthdJk; rpwg;ghdJk; MFk;.
kPdhl;rp Re;ju Njrpfh; Mthh;.
njhileak; gj; j pr; R it kpf; f
guQ; N rhjp Kdpth; Jwtpahfpr;
rpthyaq; f s; NjhWk; nrd; W ,e; E }Yf; F e.K. Ntq; f lrhkp
ciunaOjpAs;shh;.
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170) epug;Gf:- 174) cs;ehl;L thzpfj;ij tpl ve;j

1.jpUtpisahlw; Guhzj; i j ehl;L thzpfk; tUtha; kpFjpahf
,aw;wpath; ——— cs;sJ?
guQ; N rhjp Kdpth; may; e hl; L thzpfj; j pNyNa
2. jpUtpisahlw; Guhzj; j py; 175) —— vd;Dk; xsit nkhopAk;>
—— vd;Dk; fzpad; g+q;Fd;wd;
______ fhz;lq;fs; cs;sd.
nkhopAk;> jkpoh;fspd; cyfshtpa
1. kJiuf; fhz;lk;> 2. $ly; rpe;jidf;Fk; gd;dhl;Lj; njhlh;
fhz;lk;> 3. jpUthytha;f; fhz;lk; Gf;Fk; rhd;Wfshk;. jpiufly;
3. ,iwtdplk; ghliyg; ngw;Wr; XbAk; jputpak; NjL>
nrd;wth; ______ ahJk; CNu ahtUk; Nfsph;
jUkp 176) goq; f hyj; j py; jkpoh; gpwehL
4. nghw;fpop ngwr;nrd;w jUkpiaj; fSf;Ff; flw;gazk; Nkw; nfhz;l
nra;jp —— tof;fk; vdj; njhy;
jLj;jth; ______
fhg;gpaj;jpy; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ef; f P u dh;
Ke;ePh; tof;fk;
5. cly; KOtJk; fz; f is 177) goe;jkpoh; vijj; jk; flikahff;
Ailath; ______ fUjpdh;?
rptngUkhd; nghUsP l ; L jiy
171) nghUj;Jf :- 178) njhy;fhg;gpag; nghUsjpfhuj;jpy;
1. kJiuf;fhz;lk; - gjpndl;Lg; ,lk; ngw; W s; s ve; j gphpT
glyk; tpsf;FfpwJ.
nghUs; t apw; gphpT
2. $ly;fhz;lk; - Kg;gJ glyk;
179) gphpT vj;jid tifg;gLk; ? mit
3. jpUthytha;f; fhz;lk; - gjpdhW ahit?
glyk; fhypy; (jiutopg;gphpjy;) gphpT>
flw; g azk; (ciueil) fyj;jpy; ( ePht ; opg;gphpjy;) gphpT
180) gy;yhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dNu
172) jkpo; ehl;L thzpf tuyhW kpfTk; jkpoh; —— fly;top thzpfj;
______ tha;e;jJ. njhlh;G nfhz;bUe;jdh;.
njhd; i k Nkw;Nf fphPR> cNuhk;> vfpg;J
173) goq;fhye; njhl;Nl jkpoh; ve;j Kjy; fpof;Nf tiuapYk;.
thzpfj;jpy; rpwg;Gw;wpUe;jdh;. 181) ve;j ehLfs; jkpohpd; nghUs;fis
cs; e hl; L > may; e hl; L tpUk;gpg; ngw;wd?
vfpgJ; > ghy];jd P k;> nkrgNlhkpah>
ghgpNyhdpah> rPdk;.
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182) VyKk; ,ytq; f Kk; ,Q; r pAk; 190) flypy; nry;Yk; ngupa fg;gy; —
kpsFk; ve; j ehLfspy; ey; y vdg;gLk;.
tpiyf;F tpw;fg;gl;ld. ehtha;
Nkw; f hrpa ehLfs; 191) Fwpg; G :-
183) jkpoe; hl;by;> gpwehl;lhs; cs;sj;ijf; Gfhh; efuj; j py; epWj; j g; g l; l
ftUk; gy kpFjpahff; fpilj;jd? ehtha;fs;> miyfshy; miyg;
mit ahit? Gz;L fl;Lj;jwpapy; fl;lg;gl;l
Kj;Jk; gtsKk; MuKk; mfpYk; ahid mirtJ Nghy; mire;jd.
ntz;JfpYk; rq;Fk; Fwpg;gplj; mtw; w pd; cr; r papy; nfhbfs;
jf; f d. mire;J Mbd vdg; gl;bdg;ghiy
184) goe;jkpoh;> fpNuf;fiuAk; cNuhkhdp $Wfpd;wJ.
aiuAk; ______ vd mioj;jdh;? 192) jkpofj; j py; eilngw; W te; j
atdh; thzpfj;jpd; gadhfg; gy Jiw
185) xt;nthU nghpa fg;gYk; vg;gb Kfq; f s; flw; f iug; gl; b dq;
Njhd;Wk;. fshfr; rpwe;J tpsq;fpd. mtw;Ws;
kjpy; #o;e;j Nfhl;il Nghy ——> ——— Mfpait Fwpg;gplj;
186) goq; f hyj; j pNyNa jkpofj; j py; jf;fd.
gytifahd ______ fl;lg;gl;ld. fhtphpgg; +kg
; l;bdk;> Krpwp> nfhw;if
fg; g y; f s; 193) Krpwp ahUila JiwKfk;?
187) Nfhilapd; Njhw;wkhdJ> eLf; Nrukd; d h; f ; F hpaJ.
flypy; nry;Yk; fg;gYf;F 194) ——— vd;Dk; nghpa Mw;wpy;
ctikahfg; ——— $wg;gl;L atdh;fspd; kuf;fyq;fs;> Mw;Wj;
cs;sJ. Jiwfs; fyq;fpg; NghFk;gb te;J
GWehD}w; w py; epd;wd.
188) fliyf; Fwpf;Fk; jkpo;r; nrhw;fs; Rs; s p
ahit? 195) mf;fyq;fSf;F chpa atdh;fs;
Mop> Mh;fyp> Ke;ePh;> thuzk;> nghd;idr; Rke;J te;J> mjw;F
ngstk;> guit> Gzhp. <lhf kpsif Vw;wpr; nrd;whh;fs;.
189) kuf;fyj;Jf;Fk; jkpo;nkhopapy; gy v d ; w , r ; n r a ; j p i a ______
ngah;fs; cs;sd mit? njhptpf;fpwJ.
fg;gy;> fyk;> fl;Lkuk;> ehtha;> mfehD}W
196) ghz;ba ehl;bd; tsk; ngUf;fpaJ
glF> ghprpy; > Giz> Njhzp>
ve;jj; JiwKfk;.
njg;gk;> jpkpy;> mk;gp> tq;fk;>
nfhw; i f
kpjit> g/wp> Xlk; vd;gd.
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197) ntdpR ehl;lwpQh; ahh;? 204) ______vd;Dk; ghujpapd; fdT

khh; f ; N fhNghNyh ,d;W edthfp cs;sJ?
198) ‘tpise;J Kjph;e;j tpOKj;J ’ Nkiyf; f ly; KOJk; fg; g y;
vd;W Kj;jpid rpwg;ghff; $wpaJ tpLNthk; .
ahh;? 205) nghUj;Jf:-
kJiuf; fhQ;rp ehL – JiwKfk;
199) fly; fle;j jkpo; 1. NruehL – Krpwp
1. jkpo; - fpNuf;fk; 2. NrhoehL – fhtphpg;g+k; gl;bdk;
2. mhprp - xiu]h 3. ghz;baehL – nfhw;if
3. fUt+h; - fNuhuh 206) kuGj;njhlh;fisr; nrhw;nwhlhpfspy;
4. fhtphp - fgphpy; mikf;f:-
5. Fkhp - nfhkhhp 1. ifte;jfiy : ______
6. Nrhgl;bdk; - Nrhgl;dh
2. mj;jp g+j;jhw;Nghy : ______
7. njhz;b - jpz;b];
3. cs;sq;if ney;ypf;fdp : ____
8. kJiu - kNjhuh
207) ,UnghUs; vOJf:
9. Krpwp - Krphpy;
1. jpiu ______> ______>
200) flw; f iuia mLj; J ,Uf; F k;
2. fypq;fk; ______> ______>
csh;fs; ______> _____> ,Ue;jd.
3. fiy ______> ______>
fyq;fiu tpsf;fk;
4. ftp ______> ______>
201) g o e ; j k p o f j ; j p d ; t h z p f g ;
nghUs;fisg; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs; 208) jpizAk; - epyKk;
vq;Ff; fhzg;Lfpd;wd. gl;bdg; 1. FwpQ;rp - kiyAk; kiyrhh;ej ;
ghiyapYk; kJiuf;fhQ;rpapYk; ,lKk;
Vw;wkjpahd nghUs;fSs; fPo; 2. kUjk; - taYk; tay;rhh;e;j
fhz;git? ,lKk;
,uj;jpdk;> Kj;J> ituk;> kpsF> 3. nea;jy; - flYk; fly;rhh;e;j
fUq; f hyp> fUkUJ> Njf; F > ,lKk;
re; j dk; > ntz; Jfpy; > mhprp> 4. ghiy - kzYk; kzy;rhh;ej ;
Vyf;fha;> ,ytq;fg;gl;il> ,Q;rp. ,lKk;
202) jkpofj; j py; vd; d ,wf; F kjp nfyd; nfy;yh;
Mapd. (Jizg; g hlk; )
rPdj;Jg; gl;Lk; rUf;fiuAk;.
209) m n k h p f ; f h t p d ; G f o ; n g w ; w
203) v e ; j g ; g y ; f i y f ; f o f j ; j p d ;
thapyhfg; gl;lk;> gl;laf;fy;tp vOj;jhsuhfTk; murpay; <LghL
fw;gpf;fg;ngw;W tUfpd;wd? nfhz;ltuhfTk; tpsq;fpath; ahh;?
fly;rhh; gy;fiyf;fofk; nfyd; nfy;yh;
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210) “,e;j cyfj;jpy; mikjp kyu 218) ______ epjp vd xd; w idj;
Ntz;Lk; vdf; Nfl;Ngd;” - vd;wth; njhlq;fp> mjpy; Nrh;ej
; njhifahd
ahh;? &gha; xd;wiuf; Nfhbia
nfyd; mg;gs;spfSf;F toq;fpdhh;.
211) gj;njhd;gJ khjf; Foe;ijahf nfyd; nfy;yh; epjp
,Ue;j NghJ nfyd; nfy;yUf;F 219) ghh;itaw;NwhUf;nfd ve;j E}yfk;
Vw;gl;l nfhba Neha; vJ? xd; w id cUthf; f p> cyfk;
fz;fs; ghuh> fhJfs; Nfsh> KOtjpYk; ,Ue;J E}y;fs; te;J
tha; N grhJ. Ftpa Vw;ghL nra;jhh;.
212) nfyd; nfy;yUf;F MW tajhd Njrpa E}yfk;.
220) “tho; f ; i fapy; ,og; G vd; g Nj
NghJ ahUila cjtpahy;
,y;iy@ xd;W Nghdhy; ,d;ndhd;W
‘ngh;fpd;]; gs;spapy;’ Nrh;e;jhh;?
tUk;. me;j ek;gpf;ifapUe;jhy;
mnyf; r hz; l h; fpufhk; n gy;
tho;fi ; f ntWik MfhJ” vdf;
213) nfydpd; Mrphpah; ahh;?
$wpath; ahh;?
md; d pry; y pthd; nfyd;
214) gh];ldpy; cs;s ______ fhJ 221) ePqf
; s; fz;ghh;it mw;wtuhfTk;
NfshNjhUf; f hd gs; s papYk; > fhJ NfshjtuhfTk; ,Ue;Jk; $l
epa+ahh;ff ; py; cs;s ______ gs;sp vg;gb cq;fshy; rhjpf;f Kbe;jJ
apYk; Kiwg;gb gapd;whh;. vd nfydplk; Nfl;lJ ahh;?
N`hu]; k hd; iul; ` {khrd; tpf; N lhhpah kfhuhzp
215) nfyd;> ve;j Kiwapy; vOjTk; 222) Mrphpah; md; d p ve; j Mz; L
gbf;fTk; fw;whh;? ,we;jhh;?
gpnua; y p 1930 Mk; Mz;L
216) Mrphpia md;dp mspj;j gaw;rpapd; 223) md;dp ,we;j gpwF nfyd; ahH
gadhf> ve;jf; fy;Y}hp EioTj; cjtpAld; tho;e;jhh;?
Njh;tpy; ntw;wp ngw;W> ghyp jhk;rd;
,sq;fiyg;gl;l tFg;gpy; Nrh;ej ; J 224) nfyd; ve;j efhpd; Gfo; ngw;w
ngz;kzpahfj; jpfo;e;jhh;?
gl;lKk; ngw;whh;?
th\pq; l d;
Nfk; g phpl; [ ; nul; f psp/g;
225) nfyd; nfy;yh; xU ehs; flTspd;
217) fz;zpoe;NjhUf;Fk;> fhJNfsh
mUshy; vj;jid ehs; kl;L ; Nk
Njhh;fF; k; my;Yk; gfYk; mauhJ
jkf;Fg; ghh;it fpl;bajhff; fdT
cioj;jth; ahh;?
fz;lhh;?
nfyd;
%d;W ehs; kl;Lk;
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226) Kjy; ehs; nfyd; nfy; y h; 232) cyfpd; vl;lhtJ mjprak; vdg;
ghh;j;jJ ahh;? ghuhl;lg; ngw;wth; ahh;?
Mrphpah; nfyd; nfy;yh;
227) ,uz;lhtJ ehs; nfyd; nfy;yh; 233) ghh; i taw; N whUf; f hd vOj; J
______ Njhd;Wtjidf; fz;lhh;. Kiwia cUthf;fpath; ahh;?
fjputd; gpnua; y p
228) nfyd; ahUila Gfo; ngw; w
ngah;r;nrhy; (,yf;fzk;)
fiyQh; f spd; Xtpaq; f isAk;
fiyg; nghUs; f isAk; fz; L
njhopw; n gah;
kfpo;e;jth; ahH? 234) ngah;r; nrhw;fs;> tpidr; nrhw;fs;>
ypadhh; Nlh lhtpd; r p njhopw; ngah;fisf; $Wf?
229) nfyd; ahUila ehlfj; i jg; khjtp> Nfhtyd; - ngah;rn ; rhw;fs;
ghh;j;jhh;. fz;L> kfpoe ; j
; hd; - tpidr;nrhw;fs;
nrfg; g phpaUila Mly; - vd;gJ njhopw;ngah;
230) %d;whtJ ehs; ghh;j;jhit? 235) Mly; gphpj;njOJf:
efhpd; fpof;Fg; gf;fj;jpYs;s ML + my;
Mw;Wg;ghyj;ij cw;W Nehf;fpdhh;. 236) njhopw; n gaiuf; Fwpf; f tUk;
epa+ahh;f;fpy; cs;s fk;gPukhd tpFjpfs;:-
,ul;ilf; NfhGuf; fl;l lj;ijf; jy;>my;> mk;> I> if> it> F>
fz;L fspj;jhh;. G> c> jp> rp> tp> cs;> fhL> ghL>
kf;fspd; Kfj;jpy; ntspg;gLk; muT> Mid> ik> J vd;gd.
kfpo; r ; r p> Jd; g j; i jg; ghh; j ; J 237) ngWjy; = ngW + jy;
Ghpe;Jf; nfhz;lhh;.
Ml;lk; = ML + mk;
231) Fwpg;G:-
gwit = gw + it
1880 #d; 27 ,y; mnkhpff ; htpYs;s
Nghf;F = Ngh + F
myghkh khfhzj;jpy; J];Fk;gp
Njhw;wuT = Njhw;W + muT
ahtpy; gpwe;J> rhjidahsuhfj;
gha;jJ; = gha; + J
jpfo;ej ; nfyd;> 1968 Mk; Mz;L
Nfhly; = NfhL + my;
#d; Kjy; ehs; ,t;Tyf tho;it
tho;fi ; f = tho; + if
ePjj
; hh;. mtuJ cly; th\pql ; dpy;
Gspg;G = Gsp + G
md; d p> ghyp MfpNahuJ
tuT = tu + c
cly;fSf;F mUNf ey;ylf;fk;
Nfhl;ghL = Nfhs; + ghL
nra;ag;gl;lJ.
Nfshid = Nfs; + Mid
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238) njhopw;ngah; tiffs; ahit? xd;whd gz;Gg; ngah; epwk;> Rit>

njhopw; n gah; ,Utifg; g Lk; msT> tbtk; Mfpatw; w pd;
1). Kjdpiyj; njhopw;ngah; mbg;gilapy; Njhd;Wk;.
2). Kjdpiy jphpe;j njhopw;ngah; 1. nrk;ik> ntz;ik> fUik - epwg;
239) Kjdpiyj; njhopw;ngah; vd;why; gz;G
vd;d? 2. tl;lk;> rJuk;> $k;G> nrt;tfk;
njhopwn; gah; tpFjpfNs ,y;yhky;> - tbtg;gz;G
gFjp kl;Lk; te;J> njhopiy 3. xd;W> miu> fpNyhkPll; h; - msTg;
czh;j;JtJ Kjdpiyj; gz;G
njhopw; ngah; . 4. fhuk;> Gspg;G> ,dpg;G - Ritg;
240) Kjdpiy jphpe;j njhopw;ngah; gz;G
vd;why; vd;d? 244) gz;Gg; ngah; tpFjpfs;
njhopw;ngahpd; Kjdpiyahfpa ik> I> rp> G> c> F> wp> W>
gFjp jphpe;J tUtJ Kjdpiy mk;> eh;> gk;> J> kd;> ,y; vd;gd
jphpe;j njhopw; ngauhFk;. gz;Gg; ngah; tpFjpfs;.
245) Ntw;Wik cUNgw;Fk; NghJ jphpAk;
241) tpidahyizAk; ngah; vd;why;
ngah;fs;?
vd;d?
Ntw;Wik cUGfs; I> My;> F>
tpidKw;W> tpidiaf;
,d;> mJ> fz; vd;gd. ,tw;iwf;
Fwpf;fhky; tpid nra;jtiuf;
FwpjJ; Kd; tFg;gpy; njspthfg;
Fwpg;gJ tpidahyizAk;
gbj;jpUg;gPh;fs;. mit jd;ik>
ngah; .
Kd;dpiy> glh;fi ; f Mfpa %tplg;
242) njhopw;ngah;fF ; k;> tpidahyiz
ngah;fis Vw;W tUk;NghJ vt;thW
Ak; ngah;fF; k; cs;s NtWghLfs;
jphpAk; vd;gJ FwpjJ ; f; fhzyhk;.
njhopw; n gah; tpidahyizAk; ngah ;
246) jd;ikg; ngah;fs; Ntw;Wik cUG
njhopYf;Fg; njhopy; nra; g tUf; F g;
Vw;Fk;NghJ?
ngauha; tUk;. ngauha; tUk;.
ahd; + I = vd;id
glHf;if ,lj;jpy; %tplq;fspYk; tUk;.
ahd; + My; = vd;dhy;
tUk;.
ahd; + F = vdf;F> ahd;
fhyq;fhl;lhJ. Kf;fhyj;ijAk; fhl;Lk;.
ahd; +,d; = vd;dpd;
243) gz;Gg; ngah; vjd; mbg;gilapy;
ahd; + mJ = vdJ
Njhd;Wk;?
ahd; + fz; = vd;fz; vdj;
gz;ig czh;jJ ; k; ngah; gz;Gg;
jpupAk;
ngah; . mWtifg; ngah; f Ss;
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247) Kd;dpiyg; ngah;fs; Ntw;Wik 3. gz;Gg;ngah; - ed;wp

cUG Vw;Fk;NghJ 4. tpidahyizAk; ngah; -
eP + I = epd;id> cd;id mfo;thh;
eP + My; = epd;dhy;> cd;dhy; 251) epug;Gf:-
eP + F = epdf;F> cdf;F> eP 1. gFjp kl;Lk; njhopiyf; Fwpg;gJ
eP + ,d; = epd;dpd;> cd;dpd; _____
eP + mJ = epdJ> cdJ Kjdpiyj; njhopw; n gah;
eP + fz; = epd;fz;> cd;fz; 2. tuT vd;Dk; njhopw;ngahpd;
vdj; jpupAk; tpFjp _____ vJTkpy;iy.
248) glh;f;ifg; ngah;fs; Ntw;Wik 3. tl;lk; vd;gJ _____ ngah;
cUG Vw;Fk;NghJ MFk;.
jhd; + I = jd;id tbtg; g z; G
jhd; + My; = jd;dhy; 4. eP vDk; Kd;dpiyg; ngah;
jhd; + F = jdf;F> jhd; cUNgw;Fk; NghJ _____ vdj;
jhd; + ,d; = jd;dpd; jphpAk;.
jhd; + mJ = jdJ cd;
jhd; + fz; = jd;fz; vdj; jpupAk; nkhopj;jpwd; gapw;rp
249) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf:-
1. njhopw; ngahpd; gFjp jphpe;J 252) Ie;jpizfs; ahit?
tUk; ngah; _____ FwpQ;rpj;jpiz> Ky;iyj;jpiz>
Kjdpiy jphpe;j njhopw;ngah; kUjj;jpiz> nea;jy; jpiz>
2. fhl;rp vd;Dk; njhopw;ngah; ghiyj; j piz.
_____ vdg; gphpAk;. 1. Kf;fdp – khq;fdp> gyhf;fdp>
fhz; + rp thiof;fdp
3. khl;rp vd;gJ _____ MFk;. 2. ehw;gil - Njh;gg; il> ahidg;gil>
gz; G g; n gah; Fjpiug;gil> fhyhl;gil.
4. ‘te;jhd;’ vd;Dk; tpidKw;W 3. Ie;jpyf;fzk; - vOj;jpyf;fzk;>
_____ vd tpidahyizAk; nrhy;ypf;fzk;> nghUspyf;fzk;>
ngauha; tUk;. ahg;gpyf;fzk;> mzpapyf;fzk;.
te;jtd; 4. mWRit - ,dpg;Gr;Rit> frg;Gr;
250) nghUj;Jf:- Rit> fhh;gG ; r;Rit> Jth;gG ; r;Rit>
1. njhopw;ngah; - #L ctHg;Gr; Rit> Gspg;Gr; Rit
2. Kjdpiy jphpe;j njhopw;ngah;
- tUjy;
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253) ,izahd jkpo;g; gonkhopia 13. midj;jhDk; - Nfl;l mstpwF ;

mwpf: 14. Md;w - epiwe;j
1. In a fiddler’s house all are dancers 15. gpioj;Jzh;e;Jk; - jtwhf
fk;gd; tPlL ; f; fl;Lj;jwpAk; ftp czh;ej ; pUe;jhYk;
ghLk; 16. Ngijik - mwpahikapd;
2. No man can flay a stone ghw;gl;l jPa nrhw;fs;.
fy;ypNy ehh; chpf;f KbAkh? 17. ,ioj;Jzh;e;J - El;gkhf
3. Difficulties give way to diligence Muha;e;J
fiug; g hh; fiuj; j hy; fy; Y k; 18. <z;ba - Ma;e;jwpe;j
fiuAk;. 19. jifaNt - jd;ikaNj
4. Command your man and do it your self 20. Njhl;fg;glhj - Jisf;fg;glhJ.
ntz; n zia itj; J f; n fhz; L 21. Ezq;fpa - El;gkhfpa
22. tzq;fpa - gzpthd
nea;f;F miythNdd;
23. thapduhjy; - nkhopapid
5. Charity is a double blessing
cilath;
jUkk; jiy fhf;Fk;
24. thAzh;tpd; khf;fs;- czTr;
,ay; ehd;F Rit kl;Lk; mwpe;Njhh;.
nra;As; - jpUf;Fws; 25. mtpapDk; - ,we;jhYk;
254) nrhw;nghUs; - 255) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:-
1. nrtpr;nry;tk; - Nfs;tpr; nry;tk; 1. tapw;Wf;Fk; - ,opTr; rpwg;Gk;ik
2. jiy - Kjd;ik 2. mtpAzT - ,U nganuhl;Lg;
3. Ngho;J - nghOJ gz;Gj;njhif
3. Nfl;f - tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W
4. <ag;gLk; - mspf;fg;gLk;
4. ,Of;fy;> xOf;fk; - njhopw;
5. mtp czT - Njth;fSf;F
ngah;fs;
Nts;tpapd;nghOJ nfhLf;fg;gLk;
5. Cw;Wf;Nfhy; - Cd;W Nfhy;
czT.
vd;gjd; typj;jy; tpfhuk;
6. Md;Nwhh; - fy;tp> Nfs;tp> gz;G>
6. Md;w ngUik - nganur;rk;
Mfpatw;wpy; rpwe;Njhh;.
7. Nfshj; jifaNt - <Wnfl;l
7. xg;gh; - xg;ghth;
vjph;kiwg; nganur;rk;
8. xw;fk; - jsh;rr ; p
8. mtpapDk; thopDk; - vz;Zk;ik
9. Cw;W - Cd;W Nfhy;
256) gphpj;jwpjy; -
10. Cw;Wf;Nfhy; - Cd;WNfhy;
11. mw;Nw - Nghd;wNj 1. nrtpf;FzT = nrtpf;F +
12. vidj;jhDk; - vt;tsT rpwpNj czT
MapDk; 154

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2. RitAzuh = Rit + czuh 260) FwSk; VO vd; D k; vz; Z g;

3. thAzh;T = tha; + czh;T ngaUk;
257)gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jpUf; F wSf; F k; VO vd; D k;
1. Nfl;f - Nfs; (l;) + f vz;zpw;Fk; nghpJk; njhlh;Gs;sJ.
Nfs; - gFjp jpUf;Fws; VO rPh;fshy; mike;j
s; - l; MdJ tpfhuk; ntz;ghf;fisf; nfhz;lJ. VO
f - tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp vd; D k; vz; Z g; n gah; vl; L f;
2. czh;e;J - czh; + j;(e;) + Fwl;ghf;fspy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
j; + c mjpfhuq;fs;> 133. ,jd; $l;Lj;
czh; - gFjp njhif VO. nkhj;j Fwl;ghf;fs;
j; - re;jp 1330. ,jd; $l;Lj; njhifAk; VO.
j; - e; MdJ tpfhuk; rP l ; L f; f tp
j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy 261) Vlhapuq; Nfhb vOjhJ - vd;
c - tpidnar;r tpFjp rPl;Lf;ftpg; ghliy ghbath; ahh;?
258) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf:- me; j ff; f tp tP u uhfth; .
1. nrtpf;FzthtJ _____ 262) ghl;birf;fhj fe;jUtk; (,ir)>
Nfs; t p vwpaKbahj fe; J fk; (ge; J )>
2. xOf;fKilahh; tha;rn; rhy; ___ $h;ik kOq;fhj Nfhzk; (thl;
Cw; W f; N fhy; gil)> gwf;fhj nfhf;F> mdy;
259) cilikfs; gj;J tPrhj Nfhil (Ntdpwf ; hyk;)> nfhba
jpUf;Fwspy; gj;J mjpfhug; ngah; gilf;fyk; Nghd;W gpbahj Fe;jk;
fs; cilik vd;Dk; nrhy;ypy; (#yk;)> mzpahj ghlyk; (ghjphpg;
mike;Js;sd. g+)> g+thj kh (khkuk;)> kyh;khiy
1. md;Gilik mzpahj rbyk; (ril)> nrhy;ypaijj;
2. mlf;fKilik jpUg;gpr; nrhy;yhj fps;is (fpsp)
3. xOf;fKilik xd;widf; fhz;Nghh; vy;yhk; GfOkhW
4. nghiwAilik mDg;gp itf;f Ntz;LfpNwd;.
5. mUSilik 263) fe; j Utk; > fe; J fk; > Nfhzk; >
6. mwpTilik nfhf;F> Nfhil> Fe;jk;> ghlyk;>
7. Cf;fKilik rbyk; > fps; i s vd; g d vij
8. Ms;tpidAilik Fwpf;Fk; gy ngah;fs;.
9. gz;Gilik Fjpiu
10. ehZilik
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264) nrhw;nghUs;:- ghprpyhfg; ngw;W Ch; jpUk;gpdhh;.

1. fe;Jfk; - ge;J ,jdhy; > ,th; j k; Gfo; fly;
2. Nfhzk; - thl;gil fle;Jk; gutpw;W. ,tuJ ghly;fs;
3. Fe;jk; - #yk; jdpgg ; hly; jpul;by; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd.
4. Nfhil - Ntdpw;fhyk; jpUf;fOf;Fd;wg; Guhzk;> jpUf;
5. ghlyk; - ghjphpg; g+ fOf;Fd;w khiy> Nra+h; KUfd;
6. kh - khkuk; gps;isj; jkpo;> jpUth&h; cyh>
7. rbyk; - ril re; j pu thzd; Nfhit Mfpa
8. fps;is - fpsp E}y;fis ,th; ,aw;wpAs;shh;.
265) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:- 267) E}w; Fwpg;G:-
1. gbj;j tpufd;> jPHj;j nropad; ,g; g hly; > jdpg; ghly; jpul; L
- nganur;rq;fs; vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.
2. ghlhj> gwthj> #lhj - vjph;
jkpofj;jpd; gy;NtW gFjpfspy;
kiwg; nganur;rq;fs;
tho;e;j Gyth; gyh; ghba
3. vjphpyhf; ftp - <Wnfl;l vjph;
ghly;fspd; njhFg;Ng ,e;E}y;.
kiwg; nganur;rk;
,jpy; E}w; W g; g j; J g; Gyth; f s;
4. tply; - njhopw;ngah;
ghba Mapuj;J E}w;Wg; gjpd;
266) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G :-
%d; W ghly; f s; njhFf; f g;
tPuuhfth; fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lj;Jg;
gl; L s; s d. tP u uhfth; ,aw; w pa
g+J}hpy; gpwe;J> nghd; tpise;j
Kg;gj;njhd;gJ ghly;fs; ,jpy;
fsj; J }hpy; tho; e ; j th; . ,thpd;
je;ijahh; tLfehjh;. tPuuhfth; ,lk; ngw; W s; s d. tP u uhfth; >
gpwtpapNyNa fz;nzhsp ,oe;jth;. Nryj;J Nte;jd; nropa jiuaDf;F
vdpDk; Nfs;tpawptpd; thapyhff; Fjpiu Ntz;b vOjp mDg;gpa
fy; t p gapd; w hh; . ,th; > VLfs; ghly; ,J.
vOjhky; jk; kdj;jpNyNa vOjpg; 268) epug;Gf:-
gbj;Njd; vdj; jhNk $Wtjp 1. tPuuhfth; vOjpa E}y;fSs;
ypUe;J> mth; fw;gjw;F vLj;Jf; xd;W _____ Guhzk;.
nfhz; l Kaw; r pia vz; z p jpUf; f Of; F d; w g;
tpaf;fj; Njhd;WfpwJ. ts;sy;fs; 2. Xiyr;rPl;by; nra;As; tbtpy;
kP J k; rpw; w urh; f s; kP J k; gy vOjg;gLk; fbjtif _____ MFk;.
jdpg;ghly;fisg; ghbg; ghpRfs; rP l ; L f; f tp
ngw;whh;. ,yq;if nrd;W guuhr 3. rP l ; L f; f tpf; F _____>_____>
Nrfu kd;didg; ghb xU ahid> vd;Dk; NtW ngah;fSk; cz;L.
nghw;ge;jk;> Xh;Ch; Mfpatw;iwg; Xiyj; J }f; F > Xiyg; g hRuk;
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269) nghUj;Jf:- 276) Mde;juq;fh; je;ij> ikj;Jdhpd;

1. fe;Jfk; - ge;J ngah;?
2. Fe;jk; - #yk; jpUNtq; f lk; > iedpag; g hpd;
3. ghlyk; - ghjphpg;g+ 277) Mde;juq;fh; muRg; gzpapy; cjtp
4. rbyk; - ril ahsuhfr; Nrh;e;J> ehsiltpy;
Mde;juq;fh; ehl;Fwpg;G _____ gjtp cah;T ngw;whh;.
(ciueil) jpthdhfg;
278) Mde;juq;fh; fy;tp fw;w gpd;dh;
270) xU ehl; F wpg; g hdJ> mf; f hy vd;d elj;jp te;jhh;?
epfo;Tfis ekf;Fj; njspthf ghf;Ff; fplq;;F
vLj;Jiuf;Fk; tuyhw;W Mtzkhfj; 279) ‘Ja;g;nsf;R’ vd;Dk; MSehpd;
jpfo;tJ vJ? nkhop ngah;g;ghsh; (Jghrp) ,we;j
Mde; j uq; f hpd; ehl; F wpg; G jdhy; gd;nkhopawpT ngw;w ahiu
271) ehl;FwpgG; vjw;F gjpT nra;tjw;fhfg; mg;gzpf;F epakpf;fg;gl;lhh;?
gad;gly; Ntz;Lk;? Mde; j uq; f h;
Fwpj; j ehspy; epfo; e ; j r%f 280) Mde;juq;fh; Jghrpahfg; gzpahw;wpa
khw;wq;fs;> murpay; epfo;Tfs;> fhyj;jpy; ve;j Mz;L ehl;Fwpg;G
,aw;ifapy; Vw;gl;l Nghplh;fs;>
vOjpAs;shh;?
cyfpd; rPhpa epfo;Tfs;.
1736 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1761
272) Mde;juq;fhpd; ehl;Fwpg;G Xh; ____>
Mk; Mz; L tiu Vwj; j ho
_____> MtzkhfTk; kjpf; f g;
,Ugj;ije;J Mz;Lfs;.
ngWfpwJ.
281) ehl;Fwpg;Gf;F Mde;juq;fh; vd;d
,yf;fpakhfTk;> tuyhw;W
ngahpl;lhh;?
MtzkhfTk;
jpdg;gb nra;jpf; Fwpg;G>
273) Mde;juq;fh; ve;j Ch;> Mz;L>
nrh]; j ypfpjk;
ehs; gpwe;jhh;?
282) Mde;juq;fh; ehl;Fwpg;gpd; ngUk;
Mde;juq;fh;> nrd;idg; gpuk;g+hpy;
gFjp ve;j nra;jpfisNa
(nguk; g +h; ) 1709 Mk; Mz; L
tpthpf;fpd;wd.
khh;r;Rj; jpq;fs; 30 Mk; ehs;
thzpfr; nra;jp
gpwe;jhh;.
283) JiwKf efuq; f spy; thOk;
274) Mde;juq;fh; ve;j tajpy; jhia
kf;fspd; tUtha;f;F mbg;gil
,oe;jhh;.
aha; miktJ mq;F tUk; _____
jk; %d;W tajpy;
275) ahhplk; Mde;juq;fh; fy;tp gapdw ; hh;? Nghf;Ftuj;Nj.
vk;ghh; vd;ghhplk; fy;tp gapd;whh;. fg; g y; f spd; Nghf; F tuj; J
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284) 1. nrh];j - njspe;j my;yJ 291) Mde;juq;fiu ,e;jpahtpd; _____

chpikAila vd;gJ nghUs; vdTk;> _____ vdTk;> mwpQh;
2. ypfpjk; - fbjk; my;yJ Mtzk; Nghw;Wfpd;wdh;?
3. tsT - tPL ngg;gpR> ehl;Fwpg;G Nte;jh;
4. Jghrp - ,Unkhopg; GyikAila 292) il]; vd;Dk; ,yj;jd P ; nrhy;Yf;F
th; (nkhop ngah;g;ghsh;) ehs; vd;gJ nghUs;. ,jpypUe;Nj
285) Mde; j uq; f hpd; ehl; F wpg; g hdJ> ilhpak; vd;Dk; ,yj;jPd; nrhy;
mf;fhyj;jpy; _____ vLj;Jiuf; cUthdJ. ,r;nrhy;Yf;F ehl;
fpd;wJ. Fwpg;G vd;gJ nghUs;. ,jpypUe;Nj
Ngr; R j; j kpo; > nrhw; f s; > nrhw; ilhp vd;Dk; Mq;fpyr; nrhy;
nwhlh; f s; kw; W k; ,yf; f zf; cUthdJ.
293) Mde;juq;fh; FwpjJ; ntspte;Js;s
$Wfis vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wJ.
,yf;fpaq;fs;:-
286) gpnuQ;Rf; fhuh;fSf;Fk; ,e;jpa
Mde;juq;ff; Nfhit - jpahfuhr
kd;dh;fSf;Fk; ,ilNa ghykhf
Njrpfh;
,Ue;jth; ahh;?
Mde;juq;fd; jdpgg ; hly;fs; fs;td;
Mde; j uq; f h;
nehz;br; rpe;J
287) Krgh; rq;> Mde;juq;fUf;F 1749
Mde; j uq; f d; gps; i sj; j kpo; -
Mk; Mz;L %thapuk; Fjpiufis
mhpkjp njd;dfd;
toq;fp mtUf;F _____ vd;Dk; Mde;juq;fh; Gjpdq;fs;
gl;lj;ijAk; toq;fpdhh;? Mde;juq;f tp[ark;G - rPdpthrf;
kd; R Ngjhh; ftp (tlnkhop)
288) nrq;fw;gl;Lf; Nfhl;ilf;Fj; jsgjp Mde;juq; uhl;re;jK - f];J}hpuq;
ahfTk; mk;khtl;lk; OOikf;Fk; ff;ftp (njYq;F)
_____ fTk; epakdk; ngw;whh;?
,yf; f zk;
[hfP h ; j huuhfTk;
nrhy; (gfhg;gjk;> gFgjk;)
289) _____ gzpahw; W Nthh; jko;
kf;fspd; jiytuhf mwptpf;fg; 294) nrhy; vd;why; vd;d?
gLth;? Xh; vOj;J> jdpj;NjDk; xd;Wf;F
Jghrp Nkw;gl;l vOj;Jfs; njhlh;eN; jDk;
290) Mde; j uq; f Uf; F j; jdpg; g l; l xU nghUis czh;jJ ; khdhy;>
chpikfs; ahh; Ml;rpapy; ,Uf;Fk; mJ> nrhy; vdg;gLk;.
NghJ toq;fg;gl;bUe;jd? 295) nrhy; vd;gjd; NtW ngah;fs;
Ja; g ; N s ahit?
gjk;> nkhop> fpstp
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296) gjk; gfhg;gjk;> gFgjk; vd ,U 305) tpFjp -

tifg;gLk;. gFgjj; j py; ,Wjpapy; epd; W
297) gfhg;gjk; vd;why; vd;d? tpFjp vdg; g Lk; ,J jpiz>
gphpj;jhy; nghUs; juhj nrhy; ghy;> vz;> ,lk; Mfpatw;iwf;
gfhg;gjk; vdg;gLk;. fhl; L k; .
298) gfhg;gjk; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? 306) ,ilepiy -
mit ahit? gFjpf;Fk; tpFjpf;Fk; ,ilapy;
gfhg;gjk; ehd;F tifg;gLk; tUtJ ,liepiy vdg;gLk;.
mit- 1. epfo;fhy ,ilepiyfs;
ngah;> tpid> ,il> chp. 2. ,we;jfhy ,ilepiyfs;
299) gFg;gjj;jpd; gphpTfs; - 3. vjph;fhy ,ilepiyfs;
gFjp> tpFjp> ,ilepiy. 4. vjph;kiw ,ilepiyfs;
300) gFgjk; vj; j id tifg; g Lk; ? 307) re;jp -
mit ahit? gFjpf;Fk; ,ilepiyf;Fk;
ngah; g ; g Fgjk; > tpidg; g Fgjk; ,ilapy; te;J re;jpf;f itg;gJ
vd ,U tifg;gLk;. re; j p.
301) ngah;gg; Fgjk; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? 308) rhhpia -
mit ahit? ngah; r ; n rhy; i yAk; > tpidr;
nghUs; > ,lk; > fhyk; > rpid> nrhy; i yAk; rhh; e ; J tUtJ
Fzk; > njhopy; vDk; Mwd; rhhpia vdg; g Lk; .
mbahfj; Njhd; W tJ. 309) tpfhuk; --
302) tpidg;gFgjk; vd;gJ vd;d? gFjp> ,ilepiy> tpFjp Nghd;wit
gFjp> tpFjp> ,ilepiy Kjyp NrUk; NghJ ,ilapy; Vw;gLk;
adthfg; gFf;fg;gLk; tpidKw;W> khWghL tpfhuk; vdg;gLk;.
tpidg; g Fgjk; vdg; g Lk; .
1. _____ vd;gJ ngah;g;gFgjk;
303) gFgj cWg;Gfs; vj;jid cs;sd?
MFk;.
gFgj cWg;Gfs; MW cWg;Gfs;
tpil
mit-
2. ,ilr;nrhw;fs; _____ gjk;
gFjp> tpFjp> ,ilepiy> re;jp>
MFk;.
rhhpia> tpfhuk; .
tpil:
304) gFjp -
3. kJiuahd; _____ngah;gg ; Fgjk;
gFgjj;jpy; Kjypy; epd;W
MFk;.
nghUs; jUk; Kjdpiyiag;
tpil:
gFjp
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4. gFgjj;jpy; Fiwe;jsT ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. khh;fop> ele;jhd;> ck;>

Ntz;ba cWg;Gfs; _____ rhy> ghbdhd; > kapyk; > cW>
tpil: vd;W> fb> nfhy;> mk;k.
5. Vty; tpidahf miktJ _____ ngah;r;nrhw;fs; - khh;fop> kapyk;
MFk;. tpidr;nrhw;fs; - ele;jhd;> ghbdhd;
tpil: ,ilr;nrhw;fs; - ck;> vd;W> nfhy;>
6. ‘,y;’ vd;dk; vjph;kiw ,il mk;k
epiy mike;Js;s tpidr;nrhy; chpr;nrhw;fs; - rhy> cW> fb
tpil: 313) tifg;gLj;Jf:-
7. nra; j hd; - ,r; n rhy; y py; jhkiu> fhy;> jt> vOjpdhd;>
mike;Js;s ,ilepiy _____ Mdhy;> ntd;whd;> kw;Wk; rhy
tpil: ngah;rn ; rhy; tpidr;nrhy; ,ilr;
311) nghUj;Jf:- nrhy; chpr;nrhy;
m) 1) nghUl;ngah;g; gFgjk; -- ngaHnrhy;:- jhkiu> fhy;
- nrd;idahd; tpidr; nrhy;:- vOjpdhd;> ntd;whd;
2) ,lg;ngah;g; gFgjk; -- %f;fd; ,ilr;nrhy;:- Mdhy;> kw;Wk;
3) fhyg;ngah;g; gFgjk; -- nghd;dd; cupr; nrhy;:- jt> rhy
314) xUnghUs; Fwpj;j gy nrhw;fSf;F
4. rpidg; n gah; g ; gFgjk; --
(v.fh)
rpj;jpiuahd;
moF - nghypT> vopy;> tdg;G
tpil:
,uf;fk; - mUs;> ghpT> fUiz
M) nrhy; -- ,ilepiy
fpsp - jj;ij> Rfk;> fps;is
1. tUthd; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
kiy - ntw;G> rpyk;G> nghUg;G
(j;)
fjputd; - #hpad; > gfytd; >
2. fhzhd; - epfo;fhy ,ilepiy
QhapW.
(fpW)
315) fPo;f;fhZk; xU nghUs; Fwpj;j
3. ghh;jj
; hd; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy gy nrhw;fis vOJf:-
(t;) tay; -- ----------->----------->-----------
4. elf;fpwhd; - vjphk; iw ,ilepiy fly; -- Mop> MHfsp> Ke;ePH
(M) neUg;G -- jP> fdy;
tpil: 316) jkpo;r;nrhy;
nkhopj;jpwd; gapw;rp 1. rk];jhdk; - muR
2. Kf;fpa];jh; - Kjd;ikahdth;
312) nrhw;fis tifg;gLj;Jjy;
3. rpdpkhjpNal;lh; - jpiuauq;fk;
ngah;> tpid> ,il> chpr;nrhw;
fisf; fz;lwpe;J tifg;gLj;jy;
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4. fhh; - kfpOe;J 319) nrhw;nghUs; -

5. VNuhg;gpNsd; - thD}h;jp 1. ca;kk; pd; - gpioj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;
6. ,yhfh - Jiw 2. ky;yy; - tsik
7. mg;ghapz;l; - gzp mkh;j;jy; 3. ts; - neUf;fk;
8. gpujhdk; - Kjd;ik 4. tpRk;G - thdk;
9. tpQ;Qhdk; - mwptpay; 5. GwT - Gwh
10. g]; - NgUe;J 6. epiw - vil
11. ,uapy; - njhlh;tz;b 7. <h;j;J - mWj;J
12. f[hdh - fUt+yk; 8. Jiy - Jyhf;Nfhy; (juhR)
13. cj;jpNahf];jh; - mYtyh; 9. epiw - xOf;fk;
14. bghh; l ; n kz; l y; ]; N lhh; - 10. td;fz; - tPuj;jd;ik
gynghUs; mq;fhb 11. Nkdp - cly;
317) ,u\;a ehl;bd; Gfo;ngw;w vOj;jhsh; 12. kUg;G - je;jk;
ahh;? 13. Crp - vOj;jhzp
ypNah lhy; ] ; l ha; 14. kwk; - tPuk;
318) ,izahd jkpo; g ; g onkhopia 15. fdy; - neUg;G
mwpf: 16. jpUj;jf;f - nry;tk; epiyj;j
1. one flower makes no garland 17. itafk; - cyfk;
jdpkuk; Njhg;ghfhJ 18. nkha;apiy - neUq;fpaike;j
2. little wealth little care ,iy
kbapy; fdkpy;iynad;why; 19. khwd; - ghz;ba kd;dd;
topapy; gakpy;iy 20. fspW - Mz; ahid
3. Look before you leap 320) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:
Mok; mwpahky; fhiy tplhNj 1. ky;yy; neLkjpy; - chpr;nrhw;
4. Some thing is better than nothing nwhlh;
Miyapy;yh CUf;F ,Yg;igg; 2. neLkjpy; - gz;Gj; njhif
g+ rh;f;fiu 3. thq;Ftpy; - tpidj; njhif
5. Though he endeavours all he can 4. cah;Jiy - tpidj; njhif
Gypiag; ghh;jJ ; g; g+id #LNghl;Lf; 5. Fiwahtd; fz; - <Wnfl;l
nfhz;lhw; Nghy; vjph;kiwg; nganur;rk;
,ay; Ie;J - nra;As; 6. ,iyNty; - ctikj; njhif
Kj; n jhs; s hapuk; 7. kUg;g+rp> khh;Nghiy - cUtfq;fs;
8. khwd; fspW - Mwhk; Ntw;Wikj;
njhif
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321) gphpj;jwpjy;:- 3. khh;Nghiyapy; vOJk; vOj;

1. je;Ja;kk; pd; - je;J + ca;kk; pd; jhzp _____
2. tpy;nyOjp - tpy; + vOjp je; j k;
3. g+l;Lkpd; - g+l;L + kpd; 325) nghUj;Jf:-
4. kUg;g+rp - kUg;G + Crp 1. tpRk;G - thdk;
5. khh;Nghiy - khh;G + xir
2. Jiy - Jyhf;Nfhy;
6. vknjd;W - vkJ + vd;W
3. kUg;G - je;jk;
7. nkha;apiy - nkha; + ,iy
4. fdy; - neUg;G
322) mzp:-
5. fspW - ahid
jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp
cUtf mzp fypq; f j; J g; g uzp
323) E}w; Fwpg;G: raq; n fhz; l hh;
%Nte; j h; f isg; gw; w pa %d; W
326) nrhw;nghUs; -
njhs;shapuk; ghly;fisf; nfhz;l
E}y; Kj;njhs;shapuk;. MapDk; 1. jPapd;tha; - neUg;gpy;
,e;E}y; KOikahff; fpilf;f 2. rpe;ij - vz;zk;
tpy;iy. Gwj;jpul;L vd;Dk; E}y; 3. $u - kpf
thapyhf E}w;nwl;L ntz;ghf; 4. et;tp - khd;
fSk;> gioa ciu E}y;fspy; 5. Kfpy; - Nkfk;
Nkw; N fhs; f shf ,Ugj; j puz; L 6. kjp - epyT
ntz; g hf; f Sk; fpilj; J s; s d. 7. cF - nrhhpe;j(nghope;j)
%Nte;jh;fspd; Ml;rpr;rpwg;G> gilr; 8. Gdy; - ePh;
rpwg;G> Nghh;jj; pwd; nfhil Kjypa 327) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:-
nra;jpfis ,g;ghly;fs; 1) nte;J> cyh;e;J> vdh> $u> -
tpsf;Ffpd;wd. rpwe;j ,yf;fpa tpidnar;rq;fs;
eaKk; fw;gid tsKk; epiwe;j 2. $u - tpidnar;rq;fs;
E}yhf Kj;njhs;shapuk; jpfo;fpwJ.
3. nre;eha; - gz;Gj; njhif
,e;E}ypd; Mrphpah; ngah; njhpa
4. fUKfpYk; > ntz; k jpAk; -
tpy;iy.
vz;Zk;ik
5. fUKfpy;> ntz;kjp - gz;Gj;
1. Nru kd;dhpd; milahsr; rpd;dk;
njhiffs;
_____
6. flf;f Xb> ,isj;J - tpid
tpy;
nar;rq;fs;
2. Nrho kd;dd; _____ tpidf;
7. tpah;jj
; tpah;td;Nwh - nganur;rk;
fhf;f> jd; jiria mspj;jhd;.
Gwh
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328) gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; :- Njhd;wpa Kjy; E}y; fypq;fj;Jg;

1. cyh;e;J - cyh; + j;(e;) + j; + guzp. fypq;f kd;dd; mde;j
c gd;kd; kPJ Kjy; FNyhj;Jq;fr;
cyh; - gFjp Nrhod; Nghh; n jhLj; J ntw; w p
j; - re;jp ngw;whd;.
j; - e; MdJ tpfhuk; mt;ntw;wpiag; ghuhl;b vOe;j
j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy ,e; E }y; Njhy; t pAw; w fypq; f
c - tpidnar;rtpFjp ehl;bd; ngauhy; mike;Js;sJ.
329) gphpj;jwpjy; :- ,e;E}y; Ie;E}w;Wj; njhz;Z}w;nwhd;gJ
1. thapdPh; - thapd; + ePh; jhopirfs; cs;sd. raq;
2. nte;Jyh;eJ ; - nte;J + cyh;eJ
; nfhz;lhhpd; rkfhyg; Gytuhd
3. fhbjid - fhL + ,jid xl;lf; $j;jh; ,e;E}iyj; njd;jkpoj ; ;
4. fUKfpy; - fUik + Kfpy; nja;tg;guzp vdg; Gfo;e;Js;shh;.
5. ntz;kjp - ntz;ik + kjp 332) guzp ,yf;fpaq;fs;
330) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G :- 1. jf; f ahfg; g uzp>
fypq;fj;Jg; guzpia ,aw;wpath; 2. Nkhftijg; g uzp>
raq;nfhz;lhh;. ,th;> jpUth&h; 3. rPdj;Jg;guzp>
khtl;lj;jpYs;s jPgq;Fb vd;Dk; 4. tq;fj;Jg;guzp>
Chpdh; . Kjy; FNyhj; J q; f r; 5. ghrtijg; g uzp>
Nrhodpd; muritg; Gytuhfj; 6. jpuhtplj; J g; g uzp.
jpfo; e ; j th; . guzpf; N fhh; raq; 333) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf:-
nfhz;lhh; vdg; gygl;lilr; nrhf;f 1. jkpopy; Njhd;wpa Kjy; guzp
ehjg; Gyth; ghuhl; b As; s hh; . ,yf;fpak; _____
,irahapuk;> cyhkly; Mfpa fypq; f j; J g; g uzp
E}y;fisAk; ,aw;wpAs;shh;. ,tuJ 2. fypq;fj;Jg; guzpia ,aw;wpath;
fhyk; fp.gp gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;L. _____
331) E}w; Fwpg;G:- raq; n fhz; l hh;
Mapuf; f zf; f hd ahidfisg; 3. et;tp - ,r;nrhy;ypd; nghUs;
Nghhpy; nfhd;w tPuidg; Gfo;e;J _____
ghLk; ,yf; f paj; j pw; F g; guzp khd;
vd;gJ ngah;. ,J njhz;Z}w;whW 4. rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fs; ___ tifg;gLk;.
tif rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fSs; xd;W. 96
guzp ,yf;fpaq;fSs; jkpopy;
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334) nghUj;Jf:- 341) gpnuQ;Rf; fhuh;fshy; GJr;Nrhp>

1. rpe;ij - vz;zk; fhiuf; f hy; > gFjpfspypUe; J
2. et;tp - khd; xg;ge;jf; $ypfshf ahiu Fbakh;j;
3. Kfpy; - Nkfk; jg;gl;lhh;fs;?
4. Gdy; - ePH jkpoh;
5. cUFjy; - nrhhpjy; 342) gpuhd;R ehl;bd; xU gFjpahff;
fUjg; g Lk; mj; j P t py; thOk;
cyfshtpa jkpoh;
jkpoh;fs; ve;j nkhopapy;
(ciueil)
NgRfpwhh;fs;?
335) c y f p y ; I f ; f p a r i g a p d ; gpnuQ; R nkhopapy;
cWg;Ghpik ngw;w vj;jid ehLfs; 343) ,yq; i fapy; thOk; jkpoUs;
kw;Wk; Ml;rpg;Gyq;fSk; cs;sd? vj;jid tpOf;fhl;bdh; njhlf;fg;
E}w; W j; njhz; Z }w; W ,uz; L gs;sp Kjy; gy;fiyf; fofk; tiu
ehLfSk; ehw;gj;J %d;W Ml;rpg; jkpopNyNa fy;tp gapy;fpd;wdH?
Gyq; f Sk; Mf ,U E}w; W njhz; Z }w; i we; J tpOf; f hL
Kg;gj;ije;J ehLfs;. 344) ve;j ehLfspy; jkpo; xU ghlkhff;
336) Vwj; j ho E}w; i wk; g j; J ehd; F fw;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ?
ehLfspy; _____ ,dk; gutpAs;sJ. rpq;fg;g+h;> nkhhprpaR> kNyrpah>
jkpopdk; gp[pj; jPTfs;> njd; mnkhpf;fh>
337) j k p o h ; f s ; m a y ; e h L f S f ; F fdlh> gphpl; l d; .
nry;tjw;fhd fhuzk;? 345) ,yq; i f> rpq; f g; g +h; > kNyrpah
thzpfk; > Ntiytha; g ; G Mfpa ehLfspy; _____ nkhopahfj;
jkpo; jpfo;fpwJ?
338) jpiuflNyhbAk; jputpak; NjL
Ml; r p nkhopahfj;
vd;wth; ahh;?
346) _____> _____> _____> Clfq;fis
xsitahh;
cynfq;Fk; jkpoh; elj;jp
339) rhJtd; thzpfk; nra;Ak; nghUl;Lf;
tUfpd;wd.
fly; fle;J nrd;w Fwpg;G vjpy;
mr;R> xyp> xsp
cs;sJ.
347) jkpoh; > ehl; i l tpl; L r; nrd; w
kzpNkfiy
NghJk; -------------- vd;Dk; cah;
340) gug;gstpy; rpwpajhd ve;j jPtpy;
Nehf;NfhL tho;e;J tUfpd;wdh;?
tho; g th; f Ss; ngUk; ghd; i k ahJk; CNu ahtUk; Nfsph;
kf;fs; jkpoh;? 348) jkpoh; ve;j ehLfs; gytw;wpy;
Hpa+dpad; jP t py; cs;shl;rpj; Njh;jy;fspy; ntw;wp
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ngw;W Ml;rpg; nghWg;GfisAk; 354) jpU.fypahzRe;judhh; cly; eyf;

tfpj;J tUfpd;wdh;. Fiwtpdhy; ,ilepd;W _____
,yq;if> kNyrpah> rpq;fg;g+h;. Mz; L ,ilntspf; F g; gpwF
349) ,e;jpahtpy; kl;Lky;yhky;> rpqf; g;g+h>; kPz;Lk; mNj gs;spapy; Nrh;e;jhh;.
nkhhprpaR Mfpa ehLfspy; _____ ehd;F Mz;L
ahf jkpoh; Njh;en
; jLf;fg;gl;Ls;sdh;. 355) ahhplk; jkpo; gapd; W jkpo; g ;
FbauRj; jiyth; u hf Nguhrphpauhf cah;e;jhh;?
350) cynfq; F k; thOk; jkpoh; f s; fjpiu Ntyh;
jq;fsJ gz;ghl;L milahsq; 356) jpU. fypahzRe;judhh; vij fw;gjpy;
fis kwthky; ,Ug;gJ vJ? Nguhh;tq; nfhz;lhh;?
jkpod; vd;Nwh ,dKz;L> ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; irt rpj;jhe;j
jdpNa mtw;nfhU FzKz;L. rhj; j puq; f is
351) jpU tpohf;fspy; _____ vLg;gJk; 357) vq; F k; jkpo; > vjpYk; jkpo;
_____ , O g ; g J k ; , d ; W k ; vd;gjid KO %r;rhff; nfhz;L
eilngWfpwJ. tlnkhopr; nrhw; f s; fythky;
fhtb> Njh; J}a jkpopNyNa NgrTk; vOjTk;
Ntz;Lk; vd typAWj;jpath; ahh;?
jpU.tp.fypahzRe; j dhhpd;
jpU.tp.fypahz Re; j udhh;
jkpo;g;gzp
358) jpU.tp. fypahz Re;judhh; jkpio
(Jizg; g hlk; )
tsh;ff ; vij ntWf;f Ntz;Lk;
352) jpU.tp.fypahzRe; j udhh; jkJ vd;fpwhh;?
jq;F jilaw;w Nkilg; Ngr;rhYk; gpwnkhopia
,ay;ghd nkhopeilahYk; jkpiog; 359) fhe; j pabfs; jkpofk; te; j
gl;bnjhl;bfs; vy;yhk; gug;gpj; Nghnjy; y hk; mtuJ Nkilg;
_____ vdg; Nghw;wg;gl;l ngUe;jifah;. Ngr;rpid nkhop ngah;j;jth; ahh;?
jkpo; j ; n jd; w y; jpU.tp.fypahz Re; j udhh;
353) gpwg;Gk;> fy;tpAk; 360) _____ eil vd; N w xU jdp
jpU.tp.fypahz Re;judhh; eilia eilKiwg;gLj;Jk; ,tH
Ch; - nrd;idf;F mUNfAs;s Js;sk; NgRtJ NghyNt vOJtJ>
ngw;Nwhh; - tpUj;jhrydhh; - rpdd
; k;ik vOJtJ NghyNt NgRtJ vd;Dk;
gpwe;j ehs; - 26.08.1883 Kaw;rpapy; ,th; ntw;wp fz;lth;
gs;sp -- nrd;id ,uhag;Ngl;il ahh;?
apYs;s nt];yp gs;spapy; gbj;jhh;. jpU.tp.f.eil
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361) jpU.tp.f.> nty;YQ;nrhy; ,d;ik 366) jpU.tp.f. vOgJ tajhfp fly;

awpe;J czh;r;rpr; nrhw;fisf; jsh;eJ
; gLf;ifapy; ,Ue;j NghJk;
Nfhj;Jf; _____ NgRtjpy; ty;yth;. tsh; r ; r pAk; tho; T k; my; y J
Nfl;lhh;g; gpzpf;Fk; jifatha;f; gLf;ifg; gpjw;wy; vd;Dk; E}iy
NfshUk; tpUk;Gk; tz;zk; ahUila cjtpAld; ntspapl;lhh;?
362) jpU.tp.f tha;jj; nkhopeil kiy K.tujuhrdhhpd;
vdj; jkpOyfpy; Xq;fp cah;e; 367) jpU.tp.ftpd; kidtpapd; ngah;
Js;sJ vdf; $wpath; ahh;? vd;d?
nj.ngh. kP d hl; r p Re; j udhh; fkyhk; g pif mk; i kahiu
363) ciueil E}y;fs; (Fwpg;G) 368) jpU.tp.f ve;j Mz;L jkpo; %r;Rf;F
KUfd; my;yJ moF> irtj; tpilj;je;jhh;?
jpwT> irtj;jpd; rkurk;> flTl; 1953 Mk; Mz; L nrg; l k; g h;
fhl;rpAk; jhAkhdtUk;> ,uhkypq;f jpq;fs; gjpNdohk; ehs; jkJ
Rthkpfs; jpUTs;sk;> jkpo; ehLk; vOgj;Njhuk; tajpy; ,we;jhh;.
ek;kho;thUk;> ehad;khh; tuyhW tohepiy> tO> tOtikjp
jkpo; E}y;fspy; ngsj;jk;> fhjyh? (,yf; f zk; )
Kbah? rPHjpUj;jkh? vd; fld;
369) tohepiy vd;why; vd;d?
gzpnra;J fplg;gNj> ,e;jpahTk;
,yf;fz Kiwg;gb Fw;wkpy;yhJ
tpLjiyAk; > jkpo; r ; Nrhiy>
NgRtJk; vOJtJk; tohepiy
cs;nshsp vd;gd ,th; ,aw;wpa
vdg;gLk;.
,d;d gpw ciueil E}y;fs;.
370) tohepiy vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
364) nra;As; E}y;fs;:-
mit ahit?
KUfd; mUs;Ntl;ly;> jpUkhy;
tohepiy MW tifg;gLk;
mUs;Ntl;ly;> fpwpj;Jtpd; mUs;
mit:
Ntl;ly;> mUfd; mUNf> chpik
1. jpiz tohepiy> 2. ghy;
Ntl; l y; > nghJik Ntl; l y; >
tohepiy> 3. ,l tohepiy> 4.
nghUSk; mUSk; my;yJ
fhy tohepiy> 5. tpdh tohepiy>
khh;fr
; paKk; fhe;jpaKk; Mfpad
6. tpil tohepiy.
,tuJ nra;As; E}y;fs;.
371) tOepiy vd;why; vd;d?
365) ve; j ,jo; f spd; thapyhfj;
,yf;fz Kiwapd;wpg; NgRtJk;
njhopyhsh; Kd;Ndw;wk; ngwg;
vOJtJk; tO vdg;gLk;.
ghLgl;lth;?
372) tO vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit
Njr gf;jd;> etrf;jp
ahit?
tO VO tifg;gLk;
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mit: nfhs; s g; g LtJ tOtikjp

1. jpiz tO> 2. ghy; tO> 3. MFk;.
,l tO> 4. fhy tO> 5. tpdh 376) tOtikjpapd; rhd;W:-
tO> 6. tpil tO> 7. kuG tO. jpiz tOtikjp
373) tohepiy MW tiffspd; (v.fh) fhy tOtikjp
1. jpiz tohepiy -nry;tpghbdhs;> 377) tO - gpio> jtW> Fw;wk;
khLte;jJ toh epiy - gpioapdi ; k> jtwpapdi; k
2. ghy; tohepiy - fz;zd;te;jhd;> tOtikjp - gpio - Mdhy;
eha;XbaJ gpioahff; nfhs;shik.
3. ,l tohepiy - ehd; te;Njd;> 378) gpioiaj; jpUj;jp vOJf:-
eP tUtha; 1. jk;gp New;W te;jhs; -- jk;gp
4. fhy tohepiy - ehis tUNtd;> New;W te;jhd;
New;Wg; gbj;Njd; 2. vUJ tz;bia ,Oj;jd - vUJ
5. tpdh tohepiy - jkpo; ,yf;fzk; tz;bia ,Oj;jJ.
vj;jid tifg;gLk;? 3. khzth; Njh;T vOjpdhd; --
6. tpil tohepiy - jkpo; ehl;bd; khzth; Njh;T vOjpdh;.
jiyefuk; vJ? vd;w tpdhTf;Fr; 4. mtd; khztd; my;y - mtd;
nrd;id vd tpilaspj;jy; khztd; my;yd;.
374) tOepiy VO tiffspd; (v.fh) 5. cilfs; fpope;J tpl;lJ -
jUf? cilfs; fpope;J tpl;ld.
1. jpiz tO - vd; khkh te;jJ 6. vq;f@hpy; xU Gyth; tho;ej ; dh;
2. ghy; tO -- fz;zfp te;jhd; - vq;f@hpy; Gyth; xUth; tho;ej ; hh;.
3. ,l tO -- ehq;fs; te;jhh;fs; 379) ctik vd;why; vd;d?
4. fhy tO - fhpfhyd; ehis ctik vd;gJ> xU nghUis
te;jhd; my;yJ epfo;it kw;nwhU
5. tpdh tO - Kl;ilapl;lJ nghUNshL my;yJ epfo;NthL
Nrtyh ngl;ilah? xg; G ikg; g Lj; J tJ.
6. tpil tO - ehis gs;sp 380) cUtfk; vd;why; vd;d?
jpwf;fg;gLkh? ftpQh;> jhk; fUjpa nghUisAk;
7. kuG tO - eha; fj;Jk; xg;Gikg; nghUisAk; (ctik
375) tOtikjp vd;why; vd;d? iaAk;) ntt;NtW vdf; $whky;>
,yf;fz Kiwg;gb Fw;wKilaJ ,uz; L k; xd; n wdf; $WtJ
vdpDk;> ,yf;fz Mrphpah;fshy; cUtfk;.
Fw; w kd; W vd; W Vw; W f;
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381) ctik cUtf khw;wk;:- 385) tOcr; nrhw;fisj; jpUj;Jf:-

ctik - cUtfk; gpio jpUj;jk;
jhkiu Kfk; - Kfj;jhkiu 1. mlkio _____
Njd;nkhop - nkhopj;Njd; 2. mhpthkiz _____
gtstha; - tha;g;gtsk; 3. mtuf;fha; _____
Kj;Jg;gy; - gy;Kj;J 4. jtf;fis _____
5. rpyT
382) mbr; n rhy; y pypUe; J nrhw; f is
_____
6. jhthuk;
cUthf;Fjy;
_____
7. RLjz;zp
1. th - mbr;nrhy;
_____
8. vz;iz _____
2. te;jhd; - tpidKw;W 9. xl;liw _____
3. te;j - nganur;rk; 10. fTW _____
4. te;J - tpidnar;rk; 11. gr;rjz;zp _____
5. tUjy; - njhopw;ngah; 12. eQ;ir _____
6. gb - mbr;nrhy; 386) jkpo;r; nrhy; mwpNthk;:-
7. gbj;jhd; - tpidKw;W gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fs; - jkpo;r; nrhw;fs;
8. gbj;j - nganur;rk; 1. mq;fj;jpdh; _____
9. gbj;J - tpidnar;rk; 2. mh;jj ; k; _____
10. gbj;jy; - njhopw;ngah; 3. myq;fhuk; _____
4. Muk;gk;
_____
5. tpQ;Qhdk; _____
383) gpio ePff; p vOJjy;:- 6. jPgk; _____
xUth; NgRk; NghJ vOJk; 7. Fk;ghgpN\fk; _____
NghJk; gpioapd; w pg; NgrTk; 8. rhtp _____
vOjTk; Ntz;Lk;. Ngr;rpy; my;yJ 9. rhpj;jpuk; _____
vOj;jpy; gpioapUg;gpd; nghUs; 10. rgjk; _____
kaf;fk; Vw;gLk;. vdNt> nrhw; 11. rhjk; _____
12. ngsj;jphp
fspYk; njhlh;fspYk; gpiotuhky;
_____
387) ,izahd jkpo;g; gonkhopia
fhj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
mwpf:
384) tOcr; nrhw;fs; vd;why; vd;d?
1. One doth the act, another hath the blow
Ngr;R tof;Fr; nrhw;fis mg;gbNa 1. gop Xhplk; ghtk; Xhplk;.
vOj;jpy; nfhz;L tUtJ jtW. 2. Every fox must at last pay his skin to the
mt;thW vOJtjid tOcr; flayer
nrhw;fs; vdf; $Wth;. mtw;Wf; 2. gy ehs; jpUld; > xUehs;
Fhpa vOj;J tof;Fr; nrhw;fis mfg;gLthd;.
vOJtNj Kiw.
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3. Money makes many things thdtpay; Mfpatw;wpy; Gyik

3. gzk; gj;Jk; nra;Ak;. kpff
; th;. ,thpd; ftpijfs; kf;fs;
4. The day has eyes, the night has ears milAk; ,d;g Jd;gq;fisAk;>
4. gfypy; gf;fk; ghh;j;Jg; NgR> ,iwtdJ gilg; i gAk; ghL
,utpy; mJTk; NgrhNj nghUshff; nfhz;lit.
5. What comes from the cradle goes to the ,th; ,aw;wpa gpw E}y;fs;:-
grave kyUk; khiyAk;> kUkf;fs; top
5. njhl;by; gof;fk; RLfhL kl;Lk;. khd; k pak; > Foe; i jr; nry; t k; >
Mrpa N[hjp Kjypad ,tuJ
,ay; MW - nra;As;
fhyk; 1876 Kjy; 1954 Mk; Mz;L
ckh;fa;ahk; ghly;fs;
tiu.
388) nrhw;nghUs; :- 391) E}w; Fwpg;G:-
1. gfh;tJ - nrhy;tJ ,e;E}y; ,k;ik kWik gw;wp &ghaj;
2. njsptPNu - njspAq;fs; vd; D k; ngahpy; ckh; f a; a hk;
3. Jt;th - Efuhj vOjpa nra; A s; f spd; nkhop
4. mfd;W - tpyfp ngah; g ; G . ,jidNa ftpkzp
5. Mop - fly; nkhopngah;jJ ; s;shh;. ,jpy; E}w;Wg;
389) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:- gjpide; J ghly; f s; cs; s d.
1. Nehf;fp - tpidnar;rk; tho;fi; fj; jj;Jtj;ij ,g;ghly;fs;
2. Jt; t h tplk; - <Wnfl; l tpsf;Ffpd;wd.
vjph;kiwg; nganur;rk; 392) epug;Gf:-
390) Mrphpah; Fwpg;G:- 1. md;G nra;apd; mayhUk; mz;b
f tpkzp Njrpf tpehafdhh; neUq;Fk; _____
fd; d pahFkhp khtl; l j; j pYs; s cwtpduhk;
Nj&hpy; gpwe;jth;. ,thpd; ngw;Nwhh; 2. Jd;g Nehia ePff ; pL Nky; ____
rptjhZ - Mjpyl;Rkp mk;ikahh;. mKjhFk;.
,th; ckh;fa;ahk; ghly;fisj; Jt; t htplKk;
jkpopy; nkhopahf;fk; nra;Js;shh;. 3. Vioahfp vspathpd; _____
mg; g hly; f spd; njhFg; G Ntz;Lklh.
‘ckh;fa;ahk; ghly;fs;’ vd;gJ Vspadhf
ckh;fa;ahk; gjpNdhuhk; E}w;whz;by;
tho;ej; ghurPff; ftpQh;. ,tuJ kzpNkfiy
KOg;ngah; fpahJjPd; mGy;ghj; rP j ; j iyr; r hj; j dhh;
ckh;fa;ahk; vd;gJ. ,th; fzpjk;>
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393) k z p N k f i y v d ; w g h l i y 22. fhkj;jP - fhknkDk; nfhba

,aw;wpath; ahh;? tpUg;gk;
rPj;jiyr; rhj;jdhh;. 23. ciyah clk;G - jsuhj cly;
394) NfhtyDf;Fk; khjtpf;Fk; gpwe;j 24. Fwis - Gwk; NgRjy;
kfs; ahh;? 25. nt/fy; - tpUk;Gjy;
kzpNkfiy 26. ntFsy; - rpdj;jy;
395) ahUila cjtpahy; > mKj 27. nghy;yhf; fhl;rp - khaj;Njhw;wk;
Rugpiag; ngw;Wg; Gfhh; efiu 28. jhdk; - nfhil
kzpNkfiy milfpwhs;. 29. GiujPh; - Fw;wk; jPhe ; j
;
jP t jpyifapd; 30. Nfz;kpd; - NfSq;fs;
396) nrhw;nghUs;:- 31. Kj;Njh; eif - Kj;Jr; rphpg;G
1. Mak; - Njhopah; $l;lk; 32. ca; k ; k pd; - Nghw; W q; f s;
2. Mrdk; - ,Uf;if ew;fjpailAq;fs;
3. ehj;njhiy tpy;iy - nrhy; 33. ciwjy; - jq;Fjy;
Nrhh;tpd;ik 34. $w;W - vkd;
4. ahf;if - clk;G 35. khrpy; - Fw;wkw;w
5. gpzpNeha; - ePq;fh Neha; 36. njhOJ - tzq;fp
6. Ngijik - mwpahik 37. Gf;F - GFe;J
7. nra;if - ,Utpid 38. ,lh; - ,d;dy;
8. czh;T - mwptpay; rpe;jid 39. rPyk; - xOf;fk;
9. mU - cUtkw;wJ 397) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:-
10. cU - tbtk; 1. NjtpAk; MaKk; - vz;Zk;ik
11. thapy; - Ik;nghwpfs; 2. mUe;jth;> et;tpid - gz;Gj;
12. CW - Gyd;fspd; ,ay;G njhiffs;
13. Efh;T - ,d;g Jd;g Efh;r;rp 3. tho;f - tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W
14. Ntl;if - tpUg;gk; 4. nra;jtk;> tPof ; jph; - tpidj;
15. gtk; - gad; Nehf;fpa nray; njhifs;
16. Njhw;wk; - gpwg;G 5. ngUk;NgW - gz;Gj; njhif
17. ngUk;NgW - tPLNgW 6. Mo;euF - tpidj; njhif
18. NfhL - nfhk;G 7. njspjy; - njhopw;ngah;fs;
19. myfpy - mstw;w 8. gy;Yaph;> ey;tpid> jPtpid>
20. njhf;f tpyq;F - tpyq;Fj; njhFjp Nghpd;gk; - gz;Gj; njhiffs;
21. fsT - jpUl;L 9. Ma;njhb ey;yha; - ,uz;lhk;
Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk;
cld;njhf;f njhif.
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10. fhkj;jP - cUtfk; 3. Njhd;Wth; - Njhd;W + t; + mh;

11. fLQ;nrhy; - gz;Gj; njhif Njhd;W - gFjp
12. nghy;yhf; fhl;rp - <Wnfl;l t; - vjph; fhy ,ilepiy
vjph;kiwg; nganur;rk; mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
13. gad;njhpGyth; -- tpidj; njhif 4. glh;Fth; - glh; + F + t; + mh;
14. miurd; - ,ilg;Nghyp glh; - gFjp
15. ey;ywk; - gz;Gj; njhif F - rhhpia
398) gphpj;jwpjy;:- t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy
1. vOe;njjph; - vOe;J + vjph; mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W
2. mwpTz;lhf - mwpT + cz;lhf 5. cz;Fth; - cz; + F + t; + mh;
3. ehf;njhiytpy;iy - eh + cz; - gFjp
njhiyT + ,y;iy F - rhhpia
4. gpzp NehAw;Nwhh; - gpzp + Neha; t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy
+ cw;Nwhh; mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W
5. ,ay;gPuhW - ,ay;G + ,uz;L 400) Ik;ngUq;fhg;gpaq;fs;
+ MW rpyg; g jpfhuk;
6. ed;nkhop - ed;ik + nkhop kzpNkfiy
7. vdf;fplh; - vdf;F + ,lh; rPtf rpe;jhkzp
8.njhONjj;jp - njhOJ + Vj;jp tisahgjp
9. cz;nld;W - cz;L + vd;W Fz; l yNfrp
10. ey;ywk; -- ed;ik + mwk; 401) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G :-
399) gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;:- $ythzpfd; rPj;jiyr; rhj;jdhh;
1. gpwe;jhh; -- gpw + j;(e;) + j; + Mh; ,aw;wpaJ kzpNkfiy. rhj;jd;
gpw - gFjp vd;gJ ,tuJ ,aw;ngah;. ,th;>
j; - re;jp jpUr;rpuhg;gs;spiar; rhh;ej
; rPjj
; iy
j; - e; MdJ tpfuhk; vd;Dk; Chpy; gpwe;J kJiuapy;
j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy tho;e;jth;. $ythzpfk; ($yk; -
Mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp jhdpak;) nra;jth;. ,f;fhuzq;fsp
2. mwpFth; - mwp + F + t; + mh; dhy;> ,th; kJiuf; $ythzpfd;
mwp - gFjp rPjj
; iyr; rhj;jdhh; vd;W toq;fg;
F - rhhpia ngw;whh;. ,sq;NfhtbfSk; ,tUk;
t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy rkfhyj;jtuhth;. ,th; filr;rq;fg;
mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp Gyth; f Ss; xUth; . jz; l kpo;
Mrhd;> rhj;jd; ed;D}w; Gytd;
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vd;W ,sq;Nfhtbfs; rhj;jdiug; 404) nghUj;Jf:

ghuhl;bAs;shh;. ,tuJ fhyk; fp.gp m) Mak; - tpUg;gk;
,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;L vd;gh;. M) ntFsy; - Fw;wk; ePqf; pa
402) E}w; Fwpg;G:- ,) GiujPh; - Gwq; $wy;
kzpNkfiy> Ik;ngUq; fhg;gpaq; <) Fwis - rpdj;jy;
fSs; xd;W. rpyg;gjpfhuKk; kzp c) Ntl;if - Njhopah; $l;lk;
NkfiyAk; ntt;NtW E}y;fshap tpil:
Dk; xNu fijj; njhlh;Gilad. czNt kUe; J (ciueil)
vdNt ,it ,ul;ilf;fhg;gpaq;fs;
vd toq;fg;ngWk;. kzpNkfiyapd; 405) kdpjdpd; mbg;gilj; NjitfSs;
JwT tho;fi ; fiaf; $Wtjhy;> Kjd;ikahdJ vJ?
,e;E}Yf;F kzpNkfiyj; JwT czT
vd;Dk; NtW ngaUk; cz;L. 406) jkpoh; kUj;Jtj;jpy; czT vd;gJ
,e;E}y; nrhw; RitAk; nghUl; midj;J Neha;fisAk; jPhf ; f
; f; $ba
RitAk;> ,aw;if tUzidfSk; vt;tif kUe;jhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ?
epiwe;jJ. ngsj;j kjr; rhh;Gil rQ; r P t p
aJ@ Kg;gJ fijfisf; nfhz;lJ. 407) grpapd; nfhLikiag; grpg;gpzp
Kg;gJ fhijfSs;> ghlg;gFjpahd vd;Dk; ghtp vd;wJ _____ fhg;gpak;.
MGj;jpud; ehL mile;j fhij kzpNkfiyf; fhg;gpak;
,Ugj;J ehd;fhtJ fhij. 408) c z ; b n f h L j ; N j h h ; c a p h ;
403) epug; G f:- nfhLj;NjhNu vdf; $wpaJ ahh;?
1. “mUe;jth;f; fike;j Mrdk;." GwehD}Wk; > kzpNkfiyAk;
- ,t;tbapy; ‘mUe;jth;’ vdf; 409) jpUf; F wspy; kUe; J vd; D k;
Fwpg;gplg;gLgth; _____ mjpfhuj;jpy; czNt kUe;jhFk;
mwtzbfs; jd;ikiaj; njspthf vLj;Jiuj;
2. nrhy;ypy; Vw;gLk; Fw;wq;fs; jth; ahh;?
_____ jpUts; S th;
nrhy; 410) Kd; cz;lJ nrhpj;jJ fz;L
3. kdj;jpy; Njhd;Wk; Fw;wq;fs; cz;ghh;f;F kUe;Jz;Zk; Njit
_____ Vw;glhJ vd;gJ ahUila thf;F.
Nguth> fLQ;rpdk;> njsptpyh mwpT ts; S th;
4. kWgpwg; G czh; e ; j tshff; 411) ePhpdw
; ikahJ cyF vdf; $wpath;.
Fwpg;gplg;gLgts; _____ ts; S th;
kzpNkfiy
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412) kPJ}z; tpUk;Ngy; vd;wth; 421) fPoh ney;ypr; nrb ve;j Nehia
xsitahh; Fzkhf;Fk;?
413) cliyf; fhj;jypd; Njitia kQ;rl; fhkhiy
typAWj;jpath; ahh;? 422) J}Jtis ve;j Nehia Fzkhf;Fk;?
jpU%yUk; Rthrfhrk; mfYk;
414) mWRitapd; gad;fs; 423) Fg;igNkdp ve;j Nehia Fzkhf;Fk;?
1. ,dpg;G - tsk;> gLf;ifg; Gz;> rpuq;F ePq;Fk;
2. Jth;gG ; - Mw;wy; 424) KUq; i f fP i u ve; j Nehia
3. ifg;G - nkd;ik Fzkhf;Fk;?
4. fhh;g;G - czh;T Khpe;j vYk;G tpiutpy; $Lk;>
5. cth;gG ; - njspT fz; g hh; i t xOq; F gLj; J k; >
6. Gspg;G - ,dpik cliy tYthf;Fk;> $e;jiy
415) epug;Gf:- tsur; nra;Ak;
1. grpg;gpzpf;F czNt _____ 425) fhpryhq; f z; z p ve; j Nehia
kUe; J Fzkhf;Fk;?
2. Neha;f;F Kjy; fhuzk; _____ eiuiag; Nghf; F k; > kQ; r s;
cg; G fhkhiy
426) kzpj;jf;fhspf;fiP u ve;j Nehia
Neha; ePf;Fk; %ypiffs;
Fzkhf;Fk;?
(Jizg; g hlk; )
tha;g;Gz;> Flw;Gz;izf;
416) fP o ; f ; f ha; ney; y p vd; W vg; g b Fzkhf; F k; .
Fwpg;gpLth; 427) ty;yhiuf; fPiu ve;j Nehia
fP o hney; y p> fP o ; t ha; n ey; y p Fzkhf;Fk;?
417) J}Jtisapd; NtW ngah;fs;? epidthw; w y; ngUFk;
rpq; f ty; y p> J}Jis
418) Qhdg; g r; r piy vd ts; s yhh; nghUs; N fhs; (,yf; f zk; )
Nghw;Wk; ,t;tpiy vij Nkk;gLj;Jk; 428) nghUs;Nfhs; vd;why; vd;d?
Fuy; tsj;ij xU nra;Aspy; cs;s rPhf
; isNah
419) fhpryhq;fz;zpf;F NtW ngah;fs;? mbfisNah nghUs; czh;Tf;F
fhprhiy> ifahe;jfiu> Vw;w tifapy; mikj;Jf;
gpUq; f uhrk; > Njfuhrk; nfhs; S k; Kiwiag; nghUs;
420) J s r p n r b v e ; j N e h i a Nfhs; vdg;gLk;.
Fzkhf;Fk;?
khh;Gr;rsp> ePhf ; N
; fhit> jiytyp
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429) nghUs;Nfhs; vj;jid tifg;gLk;? nra;Aspd; Kjypy; mike;Js;s

mit ahit? nrhy;Yk; ,Wjpapy; mike;Js;s
vl;L tifg;gLk; nrhy;Yk; nghUs;glg; nghUj;JtJ
1. Mw;W ePh;g; nghUs;Nfhs; tpw;g+l;Lg; nghUs;Nfhs;.
2. nkhop khw;Wg; nghUs;Nfhs; 434) tpwg
; +lL
; g; nghUs;Nfhspd; NtWngah;?
3. epuy; epiwg; nghUs;Nfhs; G+l; L tpw; nghUs; N fhs;
4. tpw;g+l;Lg; nghUs;Nfhs; 435) jhg;gpirg; nghUs;Nfhs; vd;why;
5. jhg;gpirg; nghUs;Nfhs; vd;d?
6. miskwpghg;Gg; nghUs;Nfhs; CQ;rypd; eLepd;w fapW Kd;Dk;
7. nfhz;L $l;Lg; nghUs;Nfhs; gpd;Dk; nrd;W tUtJ Nghyr;
8. mbkwp khw;Wg; nghUs;nfhs; nra;Aspd; eLtpy; mike;jpUf;Fk;
430) Mw;W ePh;g; nghUs;Nfhs; vd;why; nrhy; > nra; A spd; KjypYk;
vd;d? ,WjpapYk; mike; j pUf; F k; .
,ilawhJ nry;Yk; Mw;W nrhw;fSld; nghUe;jpg; nghUisj;
ePiug; Nghyg; ghlypd; nrhw;fs; jUtJ.
Kd; g pd; khwhJ NeNu nrd; W 436) miskwp ghg;Gg; nghUs; Nfhs;
nghUs; nfhs;tJ Mw;W ePh;g; vd;why; vd;d?
nghUs; N fhshFk; . nra; A spd; ,WjpapypUe; J
431) nkhopkhw;Wg; nghUs;Nfhs; vd;why; nrhw; f is vLj; J Kjypy;
vd;d? itj;Jf; $l;bg; nghUs; nfhs;tJ.
XubAs; cs;s nrhw;fis> mit 437) nfhz; L $l; L g; nghUs; N fhs;
jUk; nghUSf;F Vw;g khw;wpf; vd;why; vd;d?
$Wjy; nkhop khw;Wg; nra;Aspd; gy mbfspYk; $wg;
nghUs;Nfhs; vd toq;fg;gLk;. gl;Ls;s nrhw;fisg; nghUSf;F
432) epuy; epiwg; nghUs;Nfhs; vd;why; Vw;gf; $l;bg; nghUs; nfhs;tJ
vd;d? nfhz;L $l;Lg; nghUs;Nfhs;.
nra;Aspy; ,Uf;fpd;w nrhw;fis 438) mbkwpkhw; W g; nghUs; N fhs;
Kiw khwhky; thpirahf vd;why; vd;d?
mikj; J g; nghUs; nfhs; t J nra;Aspd; vy;yh mbfisAk;
epuy; epiwg; nghUs;Nfhs; MFk;. Kd; g pd; d hf khw; w pg; nghUs;
433) tpw;g+l;Lg; nghUs;Nfhs; vd;why; nfhz;lhYk; nghUSk; XirAk;
vd;d? rpijahky; tUtJ.
tpy; y pd; ,UKidfisAk;
,izj; J f; fl; L jy; Nghyr;
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439) fPof; f
; hZk; ghliy epiwT nra;f:- 4. xg;GuT - cjTjy;
1. ghl;Lf;F moF _____ 5. fz;Nzhl;lk; - caph;fsplj;J
nghUs; ,uf;fk;
2.gfYf;F moF _____ 6. tha;ik - cz;ik
ntspr; r k; 7. rhy;G - rhd;whz;ik
3. tPjpf;F moF _____ 8. Mw;Wthh; - nray; nra;gth;
J}a; i k 9. Mw;wy; - typik
4. ePjpf;F moF _____ 10. khw;whh; - gifth;
Neh; i k 11. Jiyay; y hh; - Mw; w ypd;
5. tPlL ; f;F moF _____ Fiwe;jth;
tpUe; J 12. fl;lis - ciufy;
6. fhl;Lf;F moF _____ 13. ,d;dh - jPq;F
kuq; f s; 14. ,dpa - ed;ik
440) jkpo; gonkhopia mwpf:- 15. nra;ahf;fhy; - nra;ahtplj;J
1. The wise and the fool have their follows 16. ,d;ik - tWik
,dk; ,dj;NjhL NrUk; 17. ,sptd;W - ,opthdjd;W
2. He who has an art has every where a part 18. jpz;ik - typik
fw;Nwhh;f;Fr; nrd;w ,lnky;yhk; 19. Cop - cyfk;
rpwg;G 20. Mop - fly;
3. Being on the sea. Sail being on the land. 21. ,Uepyk; - nghpa epyk;
settled 22. nghiw - Rik
fhyj;jpw;Nfw;w Nfhyk; nfhs; 442) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:-
4. No rains no grains 1. vd;g - gyh;ghy; tpidkw;W
khhpay;yJ fhhpak; ,y;iy 2. Nkw;nfhs;gth; - tpidahyiz
5. Bad words find bad acceptance Ak; ngah;
EzYk; jd; thahw; nfLk; 3. cs;sJ}ck; - ,d;dpiras
ngil
,ay; VO - nra;As;
4. md;W - Fwpg;G tpidKw;W
jpUf; F ws;
5. fz;Nzhl;lk; - njhopw;ngah;
441) nrhw;nghUs;:- 6. nfhy;yh eyj;jJ> nrhy;yh
1. fld; - flik eyj;jJ - <Wnfl;l vjph;kiwg;
2. rhd;Nwhh; - ey;y Fzq;fs; nganur;rk;.
epiwe;jth; 7. gzpjy; - njhopw;ngah;
3. ehz; - ehzk;
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8. Mw;Wthh;> khw;whh; - tpidahy 4. khw;whh; vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs;

izAk; ngah; _____
9. ,d;ik> jpzi; k - gz;Gg; ngah;fs; gifth;
10. rhd;wth; - tpidahyizAk; 5. jPqf
; pioj;jth;fF; k; _____ nra;a
ngah; Ntz;Lk;.
11. ,Uepyk; - chpr;nrhw;nwhlh; ed; i kNa
12. kd;> X - mirr;nrhw;fs; 446) nghUj;Jf
443) gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; m) ,d;ik - tWik
1. mwpe;J - mwp + j;(e;) + j; + c M) jpz;ik - typik
mwp - gFjp ,) Mop - fly;
j; - re;jp <) Nehd;ik - jtk;
j; - e; MdJ tpfhuk; ,d;gk; - Rujh
c - tpidnar;r tpFjp 447) goe; j kpo; fw; w y; ,d; g k; ---
2. Mw;Wthh; - Mw;W + t; + Mh; ,g;ghlypd; Mrphpah; ahh;?
Mw;W - gFjp Rujh
t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy 448) nrhw;nghUs; jUf:-
Mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp 1. ,ir gl - GfOld;
3. gzpjy; - gzp + jy; 2. fath; - fPo;f;FzKilNahh;
gzp - gFjp 449) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:-
jy; - njhopw;ngah; tpFjp 1. fsph;fi ; f - ctikj;njhif
444) gphpj;jwpjy; 2. goe;jkpo;> rpw;wpdk;> ngUq;Fzk;
m) xUtw;F - xUtd; + F - gz;Gj; njhiffs;
M) ,sptd;W - ,spT + md;W 3. toq;fp - tpidnar;rk;
,) rhy;ngd;Dk; - rhy;G + vd;Dk; 4. fw;wy;> ngWjy;> tho;jy; -
445) epug;Gf:- njhopw;ngah;fs;
1) ew;Fzq;fshy; rpwe;jpUj;jy; 450) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G
_____ ngUikahFk;. ctikf;ftpQh; Rujhtpd;
rhd; N whhpd; ,aw;ngah; ,uhrNfhghyd;. ,th;
2) jtk; vd;gJ _____ jpUth&h; khtl;lj;jpYs;s
gpw caph;fisf; nfhy;yhikNa gioaD}hpy; 23.11.1921 md; W
3) Njhy;tpia xg;Gf; nfhs;tNj gpwe;jhh;. ngw;Nwhh; jpUNtq;flk; -
rhd; w hz; i kia mse; j wpAk; - nrz;gfk; Mth;.
_____
ciufy;
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ghNte;jh; ghujpjhrd; kPJ nfhz;l

ngUe; j iyth; fhkuhrh;
gw;Wf; fhuzkhfj; jk; ngaiur;
(ciueil)
Rg; G uj; j pdjhrd; vd khw; w pf;
nfhz;lhh;. mjd; RUf;fNk Rujh 453) jd;dykw;w jiyth;@ fh;k tPuh;@
Mapw;W. fy;tpf; fz; jpwe;j Kjy;th; ahh;?
Njd; k io> JiwKfk; > RtUk; fhkuhrh;
Rz;zhk;Gk; Rujhtpd; ftpijfs; 454) fhkuhrh; ngw;Nwhh; ahh;?
Kjyhd ftpij E}y;fis tpUJ efhpy; cs;s Fkhurhkp>
,aw;wpAs;shh;. Njd;kio vd;Dk; rptfhkp
ftpij E}y;> jkpof murpd; jkpo; 455) fhkuhrh; ve;j Mz;L> ve;j ehs;
tsh;rr ; pj; Jiw toq;Fk; rpwe;j gpwe;jhh;?
E}Yf;fhd ghpirg; ngw;Ws;sJ. 1903 Mk; Mz;L #iyj; jpq;fs;
jkpof ,aypir ehlf kd;wj;jpd; gjpide; j hk; ehsd; W
fiy khkzpg; gl;lj;ijAk;> jkpof 456) j p z ; i z g ; g s ; s p a p y ; j k p o ;
murpd; ghNte;jh; tpUijAk; ,th; vOj;Jfisf; fw;W> Xh; Mz;L
ngw;Ws;shh;. jkpo; ghlk; fw;wth; ahh;?
451) E}w; Fwpg;G:- fhkuhrh;
Njd;kio E}ypy; ,aw;ifnaopy; 457) fhkuhrh; jdJ VOtajpy; Rtnuhl;b
Kjyhf Muha;rr ; p <whfg; gjpdhW apy; _____ vd;W vOjg;gl;bUg;
gFjpfshff; ftpijfs; ,lk; gijidf; fz;lhh;.
ngw;Ws;sd. mtw;Ws;> Njd;Jspfs; te;Nj khjuk;
vd;Dk; gFjpapy; ,g;ghly; ,lk;
458) fhkuhrh;> gs;sp nry;y ,ayhj
ngw;Ws;sJ.
NghJk; ehs;NjhWk; ------------- gbj;Jk;
452) epug; G f:
murpay; $l;lq;fspy; jiyth;fspd;
1. Foe; i japd; jsph; f ; i fgl; l
nrhw; nghopTfisf; Nfl; L k; >
_____ cz;gJ ,d;gk;.
jk; K ila murpay; mwpit
$opid
tsh;j;Jf; nfhz;lhh;.
2. fw;wth; Kd; jhk; fw;w _____
nra;jpj; jhs;fs;
,d;gk;.
459) nka;fz;lhd; Gj;jfr;rhiy vd;w
fy;tpiaf; $wy;
3. ntw;wpia tho;tpy; Nrh;f;Fk; E}y; epiyaj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W _____>
_____ ,d;gk;. _____> _____> M f p N a h h p d ;
tpidgy Ghpjy; tho;fi ; f tuyhWfisg; gbj;Jj;
4. _____ NruhJ tho;jy; ,d;gk;. jpwikahfg; NgrTk; thjk; nra;aTk;
rpw; w pdf; fatNuhL njhlq;fpdhh;.
,nydpd;> fhpghy;b> neg;Nghypah;
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460) fhkuhrh; ,sikapy; ve;j fhq;fpurpy; 468) fhkuhrh; vt;thW miof;fg;gl;lhh;?

Nrh;e;jhh;? jiyth; f is cUthf; F gth;
Njrpa ,af;fkhd fhq;fpurpy; 469) 1954 ,y; ,uh[h[p Kjyikr;rh;
461) fhkuhrh; ve;j Nghuhl;lq;fspy; gjtpapypUe;J tpyfpaJk; ahh;
gq;F nfhz;L rpiw nrd;whh;? mg;gjtpf;F Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;lhh;?
irkd; FO vjph; g ; G > cg; G r; fhkuhrh;
rj; j pahfpufk; > nts; i saNd 470) fhkuhrh; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; Kd;dhs;
ntspNaW. FbauRj; jiyth;ahf ahh; ,Ue;J
462) fhkuhriuf; fl;rpapd; nrayhsuhf cWJizahfg; gzpahw;wpdhh;?
epakpj;jth; ahh;? Mh;. ntq;fl;uhkd; njhopyikr;
jiyth; rj;jpa%h;j;jp ruhfTk;> rp.Rg;gpukzpak;
463) fhkuhrh; ve;j Mz;L rl;lkd;w fy; t paikr; r uhfTk;
cWg;gpduhfj; Nje;njLf;fg;gl;lhh;? 471) fhkuhrh; Kjyikr;ruhf ,Ue;j
1937 fhyj; j py; ve; j Ie; j hz; L j;
464) ve;j Mz;L jkpo;ehl;Lf; fhq;fpuRf; jpl;lq;fs; epiw Ntw;wg;gl;ld?
fl;rpapd; jiytuhff; fhkuhrh; ,uz;lhtJ> %d;whtJ Ie;jhz;Lj;
Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;lhh;? jpl; l q; f s;
1939 Mk; Mz;L 472) nghpa njhopw; Ngl;ilfs; vq;F
465) fhq; f puRf; fl; r papd; jiyth; mikf;fg;gl;ld.
gjtpapy; vj; j id Mz; L fs; fpz; b > mk; g j; J }h; > ,uhzpg;
fhkuhrh; ,Ue;jhh;? Ngl; i l.
gd;dpuz;L Mz;Lfs; 473) fhkuhrh; fhyj;jpy; ------------- ,af;fk;
466) ve;j Mz;L ahUf;F Kjyikr;ruhfg; Nt&d;wpaJ?
gjtpNaw;gjw;Ff; fhkuhrh; fhuzkhf $l;LwT ,af;fk;
,Ue;jhh;? 474) fhkuhrh; Ml;rpapy; ve;j njhopw;
1945 Mk; Mz;L gpufhrk;> 1947 rhiyfs; njhlq;fg; ngw;wd?
Mk; Mz;L Xke;J}h; ,uhkrhkp nea; N typ> epyf; f hpr; Ruq; f j;
kw;Wk; 1949 Mk; Mz;L njhopw;rhiy> ,e;J];jhd;
Fkhurhkp Nghl;Nlh gpypk; njhopw;rhiy>
467) N e U t p d ; k i w T f ; F g ; g p d ; fpz;b mWit rpfpr;irf; fUtpj;
njhopw;rhiy> rUf;fiu Miy>
yhy;gfJ}h; rh];jpapd; kiwTf;Fg;
Nrhlh cg; G j; njhopw; r hiy>
gpd; ahiu Kjd;ikaikr;ruhf
rpnkz;l; njhopw;rhiy> nguk;g+h;j;
Mf; F tjw; F fhkuhrh; ngUk;
njhlh; tz;bg; ngl;bj; njhopw;
gq;fhw;wpdhh;.
rhiy> Nkl;^h;f; fhfpjj; njhopw;
,e;jpuh fhe;jp
rhiy.
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475) fhkuhrh; fhyj;jpy; ve;j fy;tp 484) GtNdRth; efhpy; ve;j Mz;L
eilKiwg; gLj;jg;gl;lJ. fhq;fpuR khehl;by; fhkuhrh; mfpy
fl;lhaf; fy;tp ,e;jpaf; fhq;fpuRj; jiytuhfg;
476) gs;sp Ntiy ehs;fis vt;tsthf gjtpNaw;whh;?
fhkuhrh; cah;j;jpdhh;? 1963 Mk; Mz;L
E}w; n wz; g jpypUe; J ,UE}whf 485) ,e;jpag; gpujkh; NeU ve;j Mz;L
477) njhlf;fg; gs;spfspy; kjpa czTj; fhykhdhh;?
jpl;lk; ahuhy; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ? 1964
fhkuhrh; 486) rh];jphp vjph;ghuhj Kiwapy; 1966
478) fhkuhrh; vj;jid khehLfs; $l;lj;ij Mk; Mz;L vq;F caphpoe;jhh;?
$l;b te;jhh;? jh]; f z; b y;
<uhz; L fspy; E}w; W Kg; g j; J 487) fhkuhrh;> NeUtpd; kfs; ,e;jpuh
%d;W khehLfs; fhe;jpfF
; ve;j gjtp nghUj;jkhdJ?
479) ahuhy; cah;epiyg; gs;sp ,ytrf; gpujkh; gjtp
fy;tp nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ? 488) fhkuhrUf; F eLtzuR _____
fhkuhrh; tpUJ mspj;Jr; rpwg;gpj;jJ.
480) kUj;Jtk; fy;Y}hp Kjyhd njhopw; ghuj uj;dh (,e;jpakhkzp) tpUJ
489) ehlhSkd;wj;jpy; fhkuhrh;fF; ____
fy; Y }hpfspy; gapYk; Vio
rpiyia epWtpaJ?
khzth;fSf;F _____ fldspf;f
MSau ntz; f yr; r piyia
Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;lJ.
490) jkpof muR> fhkuhrhpd; fy;tpg;
tl; b apy; y hf; fldspf; f
gzpiar; rpwg;gpf;Fk; tifapy;
481) jQ;rht+hg ; ; gz;izahs; ghJfhg;Gr;
kJiug; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpw;F
rl; l j; i jj; jpUj; j pr; rhFgb
vd;d ngah; #l;baJ?
nra;Ak; njhopyhspf;F vt;tsT
kJiu fhkuhrh; gy;fiyf;fofk;
tpOf;fhL gq;F fpilf;f toptif
491) fhkuhrh; tho;e;j nrd;id ,y;yk;
nra;jhh;. _____ ,y;ykhf Mf;fg;gl;lJ?
mWgJ tpOf;fhL epidT ,y;ykhf
482) epy cr;rtuk;G _____ Vf;fh; vdf; 492) fhkuhrh; muq;fk; vq;F epWtg;gl;lJ?
Fiwf;fg;gl;lJ? Njdhk; Ngl; i lapy;
Kg;gJ Vf;fh; 493) fhkuhrh; gpwe;j ehshd #iy
483) ve;j Mz;L rPdg;gilnaLg;Gf;Fg; gjpide;jhk; ehis Mz;LNjhWk;
gpd>; fhq;fpuRf; fl;rpapd; nry;thf;Fr; _____ mwptpj;Js;sJ
rhpaj; njhlq;fpaJ. fy; t p tsh; r ; r pehs;
1962 Mk; Mz;L
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494) fhe;jpabfs; kPJ mstw;w md;G apd; Kjy; vOj;J> a fukhf

nfhz;l fhkuhrh; ve;j Mz;L ,Ue;J GzUk; NghJ> cfuk;
fhe; j pabfspd; gpwe; j ehshd ,fukhfj; jphpAk; ,jidf;
mf;Nlhgh; ,uz;lhk;ehs; ,t;Tyf Fw;wpaypfug; Gzh;r;rp vd;gh;.
tho;it ePj;jhh;? 502) Nrh;j;J vOJf:
1975 Mk; Mz;L 1. fhL + Nfhop = fhl;Lf;Nfhop
,yf;fzk; - Gzh;r;rp 2. MW + ghyk; = Mw;Wg;ghyk;
3. fpzW + jtis = fpzw;Wj;jtis
495) Gzh;r;rp vd;why; vd;d? 4. ehF + fbJ = ehFfbJ
epiy nkhopapd; <Wk; tUnkhop 5. v/J + rpwpJ = v/FrpwpJ
apd; KjYk; NrUtJ Gzh;r;rp 6. tuF + jPJ = tuFjPJ
MFk; . 7. Fuq;F + nghpJ = Fuq;FnghpJ
496) tpfhug; Gzh;rr
; p vj;jid tifg;gLk;? 8. njs;F + rpwpJ = njs;FrpwpJ
mit ahit? 9. njs;F + fhy; = njs;Ffhy;
%d;W tifg;gLk;. 10. v/F + rpWik = v/FrpWik
mit: Njhd;wy;> jphpjy;> nfLjy; 11. ehF + jiy = ehFjiy
497) Njhd;wy; Gzh;r;rpf;F v.fh jUf 12. kUe;J + ig = kUj;Jg;ig
jkpo; + ghlk; = jkpo;gg ; hlk; 13. ,Uk;G + Mzp = ,Ug;ghzp
498) jphpjy; Gzh;r;rpf;F v.fh jUf? 14. fUk;G + tpy; = fUg;Gtpy;
fy; + rpiy = fw;rpiy 15. nrk;G + Flk; = nrg;Gf;Flk;.
499) nfLjy; Gzh;rr ; pf;F v.fh jUf? 503) epug;Gf:
kuk; + Nth; = kuNth; 1) thio + kuk; = thiokuk;
500) Fw; w paYfug; Gzh; r ; r p vd; w hy; vd;gJ ______
vd;d? ,ay;Gg; Gzh;r;rp
F> R> L> J> G> W Mfpa MWk; 2) kuk; +Nth; = kuNth;. ,J
nebyLj;Jk; ,uz;L Kjypa gy ______
vOj; J fisr; rhh; e ; J k; tUk; nfLjy; tpfhuk;
NghJ> jd; khj; j piuastpy; 3) fd;W + M vd;gJ ______
Fiwe; J xypf; F k; . ,jidf; vdg;GzUk;.
Fw;wpaYfuk; vd;gh;. tpil:
501) Fw; w paypfug; Gzh; r ; r p vd; w hy; 504) nghUj;Jf:-
vd;d? 1. ,ay;Gg; Gzh;r;rp - fw;Nfhl;il
epiy nkhopapd; <W (filrp) 2. Njhd;wy; tpfhuk; - kuNty;
Fw;wpaYfukhf ,Ue;J> tUnkhop 3. nfLjy; tpfhuk; - thiog;gok;
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4. jphpjy; tpfhuk; - nghd; tisay; 512) ctikj; njhifapy; ty;ypdk;

tpil: kpFk;
(v.fh) kyh; + fz; = kyh;f;fz;
513) XnuOj; J xU nkhopapd; gpd;
505) ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fs; ty;ypdk; kpFk;
m> ,> c vd;Dk; Rl;nlOj;Jfis (v.fh) g+ + $il = g+f;$il.
mLj;Jk; ‘v’ vd;Dk; tpdhit 514) <Wnfl;l vjph;kiwg; nganur;rj;jpd;
mLj;Jk; tUk;. gpd; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.
ty;ypdq;fshfpa f> r> j> g> kpFk;. (v.fh) Xlh+ Fjpiu = Xlhf;Fjpiu
(v.fh) , + nrb = ,r;nrb. 515) td;njhlh; Fw;wpaYfuj;jpd; gpd;
506) me;j> ,e;j> ve;j> mq;F> ,q;F> ty;ypdk; kpFk;.
vq;F> mg;gb> ,g;gb> vg;gb vd;w (v.fh) gj;J + ghl;L = gj;Jg;ghl;L
Rl;L> tpdhr; nrhw;fis mLj;J 516) l> w xw;W ,ul;bf;Fk; caph;> neby;
ty;ypdk; kpFk;. njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuq;fspd; gpd;
v.fh me;j + Nfhtpy; = ty;ypdk; kpFk;
me;jf;Nfhtpy; (v.fh) ehL + gw;W = ehl;Lg;gw;W
507) ,uz; l hk; Ntw; W ik tphpapy; 517) Kw;wpaYfuj;jpd; gpd; ty;ypdk;
ty;ypdk; kpFk;. kpFk;
(v.fh) E}iy + gb = E}iyg;gb (v.fh) jpU + Fws; = jpUf;Fws;
508) ehd; f hk; Ntw; W ik tphpapy; 518) rhy> jt Kjypa chpr;nrhw;fspd;
ty;ypdk; kpFk;. gpd; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.
(v.fh) gzpf;F + nrd;whd; = (v.fh) rhy + Ngrpdhd; =
gzpf;Fr;nrd;whd; rhyg;Ngrpdhd;
509) ,uz;L> %d;W > ehd;F> Ie;jhk; 519) Ma;> vd> ,dp> Mf Kjypa
Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk; cld; ,ilr; nrhw;fspd; gpd; ty;ypdk;
njhf; f njhifapy; ty; y pdk; kpFk;.
kpFk;. (v.fh) ,dp + fhz; N ghk; =
(v.fh) kuk; + ngl;b = kug;ngl;b ,dpf;fhz;Nghk;.
510) gz;Gj; njhifapy; ty;ypdk; kpFk;. 520) ty;ypdk; kpfh ,lq;fs;:
(v.fh) gr;ir + fpsp = mJ> ,J> mit> ,it vDk;
gr;irf;fpsp Rl;Lr; nrhw;fspd; gpd;Dk; vJ>
511) ,Unganuhl;Lg; gz;Gj;njhifapy vit vDk; tpdhr; n rhw; f spd;
ty;ypdk; kpFk;. gpd;Dk; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
(v.fh) ky;ypif +g+ = ky;ypifg;g+ (v.fh) mJ + gwe;jJ = mJ
gwe;jJ.
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521) M> V> X vDk; tpdh vOj;Jfspd; 530) ,ul;ilf;fpstp> mLf;Fj; njhlh;fspy;
gpd; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
(v.fh) mtdh+ nrd; w hd; = (v.fh) ry + ry = ryry
mtdh nrd;whd; 531) <Wnfl;l vjph;kiwg; nganur;rk;
522) vOtha; j ; njhlhpy; ty; y pdk; jtpug; gpwnganur;rq;fsod; gpd;
kpfhJ. ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
(v.fh) kyh; + g+j;jJ = kyh;g+j;jJ (v.fh) rpwpa + ngz; = rpwpangz;
523) mj; j id> ,j; j id> vj; j id 532) nghUj;Jf:
vd; D k; nrhw; f Sf; F g; gpd; f + R = fR
ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. m + c = f$
(v.fh) mj;jid + glq;fs; = U + $ = cc
mj;jid glq;fs; c0 + c = fq
524) tpidj; njhifapy; ty; y pdk; fm + f0 = f0
kpfhJ. 533) jkpo;g; gonkhopia mwpf:-
(v.fh) CW + fha; = CWfha; 1. Take away the full. The boiling will cease
525) ck;ikj; njhifapy; ty;ypdk; vhptijg; gpLq;fpdhy; nfhjpg;gJ
kpfhJ. mlq;Fk;
(v.fh) fgpyguzh;> ,uTgfy; 2. Practice makes perfect
526) ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhifapy; rpj;jpuKk; ifg;gof;fk;> nre;jkpOk;
ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. ehg;gof;fk;
(v.fh) fly; + fle; j hh; = 3. The law - maker should not be a law -
fly;fle;jhh;. breaker
527) %d;whk; Ntw;Wik cUGfspd; gpd; Ntypia gapiu Nka;e;jhw; Nghy
(xL> XL) ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. 4. Misfortune never comes single
(v.fh) g+nthL + Nrh; e ; j = gl;l fhypNy gLk;> nfl;l FbNa
g+nthLNrh;e;j nfLk;
528) vl;L> gj;J jtpug;gpw vz;fSf;Fg; 5. Look no gift horse in the mouth
gpd; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. jhdk; nfhLj;j khl;ilg; gy;iyg;
(v.fh) xd;W nfhL xd;WnfhL gpbj;Jg; ghh;f;fyhkh?
,uz;L + Ngh; = ,uz;LNgh; ,ay;vl;L - nra;As;
529) tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;Wf;Fg; gpd; ehl; L g; G wg; g hly;
ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
(v.fh) tho;f + jkpo; = tho;fjkpo; 534) nrhw;nghUs;:
1) tphpfly; - gue;jfly;
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2) fhAk; utpr;Rlh; - Rl;nlhpf;Fk; 2. kPd;tiy kPdthpd; _____

#hpaf;fjph; gbf;Fk; E}y;
3. Nahfk; - topghL 3. kPdth; fz;zhbahfg;
535) ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly; tpsf;fk;. gad;gLj;JtJ _____
goq;fhyg; gz;ghl;bd; vr;rk; vdf; KOepyNt
fUjg;gLk; ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs; 4. kPdthpd; thOk; tPL
Vl;by; vOjhf; ftpijfs; MFk;. fl;L kuk;
,it toptopahfg; ghlg;gl;LtUk; ngz;ik -
tha;nkhop ,yf;fpaq;fNs. nt. ,uhkypq;fdhh;
gonkhopfs;> tpLfijfs;> fijg;
ghly;fs;> njhopwg
; hly;fs; Kjypad 537) md;Gk; Mh;tKk; mlf;fKk; -- vd;w
ehl;Lg;Gw ,yf;fpaj;Js; mlq;Fk;. ‘ngz;ik’ ghliy ghbath; ahh;?
njk; khq;Fg;ghly;> fisnaLg;Gg; nt.,uhkypq; f dhh;
ghly;> fjpuWg;Gg; ghly;> kPdth; 538) nrhw;nghUs;
ghly;> Kjypad njhopw; ghly;fs;. 1. cWjp - CcWjp
vspa nrhw; f Sk; eilKiw 2. rfpg;Gj;jd;ik - nghWj;Jf;
tho; f ; i fia xl; b a Mo; e ; j nfhs;Sjy;
fUj;JfSk; mlq;fpait ,g;ghly; 3. nrh&gk; - tbtk;
fs;. ,g;ghly;fs; Ntiy nra;Ak; 4. juzp - cyfk;
NghJ fisg;G Vw;glhky; ,Uf;fg; 5. jhuk; - kidahs;
ghlg; g Ltd. ehl; L g; G wtp ay; 6. Nrit - njhz;L
Jiwapy; gy; N tW Ma; T fs; 7. mayhh; - cwty;yhNjhh;
eilngw; w tz; z k; cs; s d. 539) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:
ehl;Lg;Gwg; ghly;fs;> gbf;fhjth; 1. md;Gk; Mh;tKk; mlf;fKk;
fSk; XusT fy;tpawpT ngw;wth; -- vz;Zk;ik
fSk; ghLtdthf cs; s d. 2. ,d;gnrh&gk; -- cUtfk;
,g; g hly; f s; nrtp topahfg; 540) Mrphpah; Fwpg;G
guTtd. ,tw; i w ,aw; w path; ftpQh; nt.,uhkypq;fdhh;> ehkf;fy;
,d;dhnudf; $wtpayhJ. khtl; l j; j pYs; s NkhfD}hpy;
536) epug;Gf gpwe; j th; . ,th; j k; ngw; N whh;
1. kPdth;fSf;F ,utpy; tpsf;fhf ntq;fl;uhkd; -- mk;kzp mk;khs;
tpsq;FtJ _____ Mth;. ftpijg; Nghl;bfs;
tpbnts; s p gytw; w py; gq; N fw; W g; ghpRfs;
ngw;whh;. jkpof murpd; Kjy;
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muritf; ftpQuhfj; jpfo;e;jth;. jpy; i yahb ts; s pak; i k

,tUf;F eLtzuR gj;kg+\z; 544) jpyi; yahb ts;spak;ik ngw;Nwhhpd;
tpUJ toq;fpr; rpwg;gpj;jJ. ,th;> ngah;> Ch;?
jkpof kf;fshy; fhe;jpaf; ftpQh; GJr;Nrhpapy; tho;e;j KDrhkp
vdg; ngUikAld; toq; f g; vd; w nerthsp
ngw;whh;. ,thpd; fhyk; fp.gp 1888 jpy; i yahb vd; D k; Chpy;
Kjy; 1972 tiuahFk;. gpwe;j kq;fsk;.
541) E}w; F wpg; G 545) KDrhkp nerTj; njhopy; ghjpg;
ehkf;fy; ftpQh; ghly;fs; vd;Dk; ghy; tWikapy; thb NtiyNjb
ftpijj; njhFg; g py; nja; t j; vq;F FbNawpdh;?
jpUkyh; > jkpo; j ; Njd; k yh; > njd; Mg;gphpf;fhtpy;
fhe;jpkyh;> Njrpa kyh;> rOjha 546) tPu kq;if ts;spak;ik ve;j
kyh;> nghpNahh; Gfo; kyh;> jpUehs; Mz;L gpwe;jhh;?
kyh;> rpWfhg;gpa kyh;> ,irkyh;> 1898 Mk; Mz;L
mwpTiu kyh;> gy;Rit kyh; Mfpa 547) ts;spak;ik ve;j ehl;by; gpwe;jhh;?
jiyg;Gfspy; ftpijfs; njd; d hg; gphpf; f htpy;
mike;Js;sd. ,g;ghly;> rOjha 548) jhahh; jp;y;iyahbapy; gpwe;jhy;
kyh; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; ,lk; ts; s pak; i k ngah; vt; t hW
ngw;Ws;sJ. miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
542) ehkf;fy;yhhpd; gilg;Gfs; jpy; i yahb ts; s pak; i k
,ir ehty;fs; - 3 549) ve; j Mz; L njd; d hg; gphpf; f
fl;Liufs; - 12 ehl;bd; jpUkzg; gjpTr; rl;lg;
jd;tuyhW - 3 gbAk;> fpwpj;J kjr; rl;lg;gbAk;
Gjpdq;fs; - 5 jpUkzq;fs; nry;yhJ vd
,yf;fpaj;jpwdha;Tfs; - 7 cr;rePjpkd;wk; jPhg
; i
; g ntspapll ; J?
ftpijj; njhFg;Gfs; - 10 1913 Mk; Mz;L
rpWfhg;gpaq;fs; - 5 550) fhe;jpabfs; ve;j Nghuhl;lj;jpidf;
nkhopngah;g;Gfs; - 4 jiyik Vw;W top elj;jpdhh;?
mwg; Nghuhl;lk;
jpy; i yahb ts; s pak; i k
551) mwg;Nghh; Nghuhl;lk; ve;j Mz;L>
(ciueil)
ve;j ,lj;jpy; eilngw;wJ?
543) Mq; f pNyahpd; mlf; F Kiwf; 1913 Mk; Mz;L jprk;gh;j; jpq;fs;
nfhLikf;F vjpuhf chpikf; Fuy; 23 Mk; ehs; thy;f] ; u; ];l; vd;Dk;
vOg;gpg; Nghuhbathpd; ngz;zpd; ,lj;jpy; eilngw;wJ.
ngah;?
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552) rpiwr; #oyhy; cly; eyk; ,uhzp kq;fk;khs;

Fd;wpa ts;spak;ik ve;j Mz;L (Jizg; g hlk; )
kuzk; mile;jhh;? 558) fhg;ghl;rpahsuhf Ml;rp Ghpe;jth;
1914 gpg; u thp ,Ugj; j puz; l hk; ahh;?
ehsd;W jkJ gjpdhwhk; ,uhzp kq;fk;khs;
mfitapy; . 559) kJiu Mz;L te;j nrhf;fehj
553) “ek;gpf;ifjhd; mtuJ MAjk;” ehaf;fhpd; kidtp ahh;?
vd;W jpy;iyahb ts;spak;ik ,uhzp kq;fk;khs;
Fwpj;J ve;j ,jopy; fhe;jpabfs; 560) nrhf; f ehj ehaf; f h; > ,uhzp
vOjpas;shh;? kq;fk;khs; ,th;fSf;F gpwe;j
,e;jpad; xg;gPdpad; kfd; ahh;?
554) njd;dhg;gphpf;f tuyhw;wpy; ts;sp fpUl;bd Kj;J tPug;gd;
ak;ikapd; ngah; vd;Wk; epiyj;J 561) Kj;J tPug;gd; vj;jid Mz;Lfs;
epw;Fk; vd;W fhe;jpabfs; _____ Ml;rp nra;J ve;j Nehahy; cyf
vd;Dk; E}ypy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. tho;it ePj;jhh;?
njd;dhg;gphpf;fr; rj;jpahf;fpufk; Vohz; L f; f hyk; > mk; i kNeha;
555) fhe;jpabfs;> jkpoh; kPJk; jkpo; 562) ,uhzp kq;fk;khspd; kUkfspd;
nkhopapd; kPJk; kpFe;j <LghL ngah;?
nfhz;ljw;F ahh; fhuzk; vd;W rpd;d Kj;jk;khs;
$wyhk;? 563) ve;j nghWg;G ,uhzp kq;fk;khspd;
ts; s pak; i k kdj;ijf; fy;yhf;fpapUe;jd?
556) ts; s pak; i kapd; epiditg; murpay; gl; l wpTk; > Ml; r pg;
Nghw;Wk; tifapy; ------------------- jkpo; nghWg; G k;
ehL muR mtuJ rpiyia 564) , u h z p k q ; f k ; k h s ; n g a u d ;
epWtpAs;sJ. tprauq;fr; nrhf;f ehjd; ngaus
jpy; i yahbapy; tpy; ve;j Mz;L mhpaizapy;
557) Nfh - Mg; - nlf;]; vd;wiof;fg; Vw;wg;gl;lhd;.
gLk; jkpo;ehL nerthsh; $l;LwTr; 1688 Mk; Mz;L
rq; f k; nrd; i dapYs; s jdJ 565) jpUtpjhq;$hpd; kd;dh; ahh;?
mWE}whtJ tpw;gid ikaj;jpw; ,utpth; k h
Fj; _____ vdg; n gah; #l; b g; 566) ,uhzp kq; f k; k hs; fhyj; j py;
ngUikg;gLj;jp cs;sJ? ik#h; kd;dd; ahh;?
jpy;iyahb ts;spak;ik khspif rpf; f Njtuhad;
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567) xt;nthU tUk; jhk; rpwe;jjhff; 574) mir vd;why; vd;d?

fUJk; rkaj;ijf; iff; nfhz;L vOj;J jdpahfNth> gy Nrh;eN; jh
thotpLtNj jUkk; vd;w Xirg; g l mire; J (gphpe; J )
nfhs;ifNa gpd;gw;wpath; ahh;? epw;gJ mir vdg;gLk;.
kq; f k; k hs; 575) mir vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit
568) kq;fk;khs; kJiuapy; ------------- ahit?
mir ,uz;L tifg;gLk;
fl;bdhh;?
mit 1 Neuir> 2. epiuair
nghpanjhU md;dr;rj;jpuj;ijf;
576) Neuir vd;why; vd;d?
569) fd; d pahFkhpf; F k; kJiuf; F k;
Fwpy; jdpj;Jk; Fwpy; xw;wLj;Jk;>
,ilNa mike;j neLQ;rhiy> neby; jdpj;Jk; neby; xw;wLj;Jk;
_____ vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ? tUtJ Neuir vdg;gLk;.
kq;fk;khs; rhiy 577) epiwair vd;why; vd;d?
570) kq;fk;khs; fl;bait vit? Fwpy; ,ize;Jk; Fwpy; ,ize;J
kj;jpar; re;ij> kJiuf; fy;Y}hp> xw;Wk;> Fwpy; neby; ,ize;Jk;
cah; epiyg; g s; s pf; fl; l lk; > Fwpy; neby; ,ize;J xw;Wk;
,uhkehjGu khtl; l Ml; r pj; tUtJ epiuair.
jiythpd; gioa mYtyfk;. 578) rPh; vd;why; vd;d?
571) kq;fk;khspd; ngah; mirfs; jdpj;Jk; ,ize;Jk;
kq;fhj GfNohL tpsq;Fk; $b mbf;F cWg;ghf miktJ
rPh; vdg;gLk;. m/J Xuirr;rPh;>
ahg;G - nra;As; cWg;Gfs; <uirr;rhP >; %tirr;rhP >; ehyirr;rhP ;
(,yf; f zk; ) vd ehy; tifg;gLk;.
(vOj;J> mir> rPh;> jis) 579) Xuirr;rPh; vd;why; vd;d?
572) nra;Aspd; cWg;Gfs; vj;jid ntz; g htpd; <w; w py; Neuir>
tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? epiuairAs; VNjDk; xd; W
nra;Aspd; cWg;Gfs; MW jdpj;J epd;W rPuha; mikAk;.
tifg; g Lk; . mtw;iw Xuirr;rPh; vd;gh;.
mit: 580) Xiur;rPh; ehy;tifg; tha;g;ghL?
ehs; (Neh;)> kyh; (epiu)> fhR
vOj;J> mir> rPh>; jis> mb>
(Neh; G )> gpwg; G (epiuG).
njhil.
581) <uirr;rPh; vd;why; vd;d?
573) vOj;J vd;why; vd;d?
,uz;L mirfs; Nrh;eJ ; xU rPh;
nra;Aspy; Fwpy;> neby;> nka;>
MtJ <uirr;rhP .; Nehpy; KbtJ
Ma; j k; vd; D k; vOj; J fs; ,uz; L k; > epiuapy; KbtJ
Kjd;ikahff; fUjg;gLk;. ,uz;Lkhf <uirr;rhP ; ehd;F Mfk;.
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582) rPh; tha;g;ghL Nrh;j;jhy; ehyirr;rPh; gjpdhW

1. Neh; Neh; -- Njkh fpilf;Fk; ,jidg; nghJr;rPh;
2. epiu Neh; -- Gspkh vdf; $Wth;.
3. epiuepiu -- fUtpsk; 587) jis vd;why; vd;d?
4. Neh; epiu -- $tpsk; epd;w rPhpd; <w;wirAk; tUk; rPhpd;
khr;rPh; -- 2 KjyirAk; xd;wpAk; xd;whkYk;
(Njkh> Gspkh> vd khtpy; tUtJ jis vdg;gLk;.
Kbtjdhy; khr;rPh;) 588) jis vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit
tpsr;rPh; -- 2 ahit?
(fUtpsk;> $tpsk; vd tpsj;jpy; VO tifg;gLk;.
Kbtjdhy; tpsr;rPh;) mit:
583) %tirr;rhP ; vd;why; vd;d? 1. Nenuhd; w hrphpaj; j is
%d;W mirfs; Nrh;e;J xUrPh; 2. epiunahd; w hrphpaj; j is
MtJ %tirr;rPh;. Neuirapy; 3. ,aw;rPh; ntz;lis
KbtJ ehd;Fk; epiu mirapy; 4. ntz;rPh; ntz;lis
KbtJ ehd; F khf %tir; r P h ; 5. fypj;jis
vl;L MFk;. 6. xd;wpa tQ;rpj;jis
584) fha;r;rPh; ehd;F: 7. xd;whj tQ;rpj;jis
1. Neh; Neh; Neh; -- Njkhq;fha; 589) Nenuhd; w hrphpaj; j is vd; w hy;
2. epiu Neh; Neh; -- Gspkhq;fha; vd;d? v.fh jUf?
3. epiu epiu Neh; -- fUtpsq;fha; khKd; Neh; tUtJ Nenuhd;wh
4. Neh; epiu Neh; -- $tp rphpaj; j is.
ntz;ghtpw;F chpad Mjypd; v.fh Neh; -- Neh; Nrh;eJ; tUtjhy;
ntz;gh chpr;rhP ; vdTk; $Wth;. Nenuhd;whrphpaj;jis
585) fdpr;rPh; ehd;F: 590) epiunahd;whrphpaj;jis vd;why;
1. Neh; Neh; epiu --- Njkhq;fdp vd;d? v.fh jUf?
2. epiu Neh; epiu -- Gspkhq;fdp tpsk;Kd; epiu tUtJ epiu
3. epiu epiu epiu - fUtpsq;fdp nahd; w hrphpaj; j is.
4. Neh; epiu epiu -- $tpsq;fdp v.fh epiu - epiu Nrh;eJ; tUtjhy;
(,it tQ;rpg;ghtpw;F cupajhy; epiunahd;whrphpaj;jis.
tQ;rpAspr;rPH vdTk; $WtH) 591) ,aw;rhP ; ntz;lis vd;why; vd;d?
586) ehyirr;rPh; vd;why; vd;d? khKd; epiuAk;> tpsKd;
%tirr; r P h ; vl; L ld; Neuir> NeUk;tUtJ ,aw;rhP ; ntz;lis.
epiuairfisj; jdpj;jdpahfr;
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592) ntz;rhP ; ntz;lis vd;why; vd;d? 599) ,izahd jkpo;g; gonkhopia

fha;Kd; Neh; tUtJ ntz;rPh; mwpf
ntz; l is. 1.The servant of the king is also a king
v.fh. Neh; Neh; Neh; -- Njkhq;fha; vy;yhUk; ,e;ehl;L kd;ddh;
593) ntz;ghtpw;F chpa jisfs; 2. Frest and fraud have foul ends
1. ,aw;rPh; ntz;lisAk; #Jk; thJk; Ntjid nra;Ak;
2. ntz;rPh; ntz;lisAk; 3. The place where you find your food is
594) fypj;jis vd;why; vd;d? your paradise
fha;Kd; epiu tUtJ fypj;jis NrhW fz;l ,lk; nrhh;f;fk;.
595) xd;wpa tQ;rpj;jis vd;why; vd;d? 4. No advice like fathers
fdpKd; epiu tUtJ xd;wpa je;ij nrhy; kpf;f ke;jpuk; ,y;iy.
tQ; r pj; j is. 5. When the head is there, the tail should
596) xd; w hj tQ; r pj; j is vd; w hy; not wag
vd;d? jiyapUf;f thy; Mlyhkh?
fdpKd; Neh; tUtJ xd; w hj ,ay; xd;gJ -- nra;As;
tQ;rpj;jis vdg;gLk;. tQ; r fkha neQ; r NkhL
567) chpatpilj; Njh;e;njOJf nkhopjy;
1. nka;Ak;> Ma;jKk; ahg;gpy;
_____ vdf; Fwpf;fg;gLk;. 600) khakhd tho;it ek;gpj; _____
tpil tQ;rkha neQ;rNkhL nkhopjy;
2. fha;r;rPh; _____ tifg;gLk;. vd;w ghliy vOjpath; ahh;?
ehd; F kJuftp gh];fujh];
3. Mrphpag;ghtpw;F chpa rPh;fs; - 601) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G:
_____ MFk;. 1. kdf;Fuq;F -- cUtfk;
tpil 2. ehL efh; -- ck;ikj; njhif
4. fha;Kd; Neh;thpd; _____ MFk;. 3. nrk;nghd; -- gz;Gj; njhif
tpil 4. khLk; MLk; -- vz;Zk;ik
5. ntz;ghtpy; cah;T vd;Dk; 602) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G :
<w; W r; r P h py; tUk; Xuirapd; gh];fujh]; kJiu efhpy;
tha;g;ghL _____ gpwe;jth;. ,th; ,dpa ,iraikg;
tpil ghy; Gjpa gy ,irAUf;fis
597) flndd; g ey; y it vy; y hk; mikj; j th; . ,irg; G yikAld;
fldwpe;J rhd;whz;ik Nkw;nfhs; ehlfg;GyikAk; ngw;wth;. ehlf
gth;f;F Nkilfspy; tpL jiyg;ghly;fis
188

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,irj;jth;. ,thpd; ,irg;ghly; 606) ,NaRtpd; Njhs;fspd; rpYitap

fisf; Nfl; l fhe; j pabfs; > idr; Rkj;jpj; Jd;GWj;jpf; ve;j
,tiug; nghpJk; ghuhl; b dhh; . kiyf;Ff; nfhz;L Nrh;jj ; dh;?
,tiur; rpwg; g pf; F k; tifapy; fy;thhp kiyf;Ff;
kJiuapy; ,th; tho;e;j gFjpf;F 607) nrhw;nghUs;:
kJuftp gh];fujh]; efh; vdg; 1. <z;L -- ,t;tplk;
ngahpg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,thpd; fhyk; 2. Gfy;tJ -- nrhy;tJ
fp.gp 1892 Kjy; 1952 tiuahFk;. 3. fhz;lF -- fhzj;jf;f
ghlg;gFjpapYs;s ghly; kJiftp 4. ,Ug;ghzp -- ,Uk;G Mzp
gh]; f ujh]; fP h ; j ; j idfspd; 5. flhtpdhh; -- mbj;jhh;
,uz;lhk; ghfj;jpy; ,lk; 6. fPz;L -- Njhz;b
ngw;Ws;sJ. 7. nrw;wk; -- rpdk;
xg;gilg;G: 8. FUR -- rpYit
jpUtpisahlw; Guhzj;jpy; jUkpfF ; 9. nrhw;w -- nrhd;d
nghw;fpop mspj;j glyf; fijiag; 10. Jsf;fk; -- tpsf;fk;
nghk; k yhl; l khf tbtikj; J 11. RUjpKjy; -- kiw Kjy;tuhfpa
tFg;gpy; elj;jpf; fhl;Lf. ,NaR ehjh;
12. rijg;Gz;L -- rpijf;fg;gl;L
,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk;
13. gd;dhpa -- nrhy;Yjw;fhpa
vr;.V fpUl;bddhh;
14. gyghL -- gyJd;gk;
603) ,iw kfdhfpa ,NaR ngUkhd; 15. ,Uk;nghiw -- ngUk; nghWik
ngj;jyNfkpy; ahUf;F kfdhfg; 16. tpj;jfd; -- Mz;ltd;
gpwe;jhh;? 17. njhOk;gh; -- mbahh;
khpad; i df; F 18. ,ir ngWjy; -- Gfo; ngWjy;
604) ,NaR ngUkhd; je;ijapd; ngah;? 19. JQ;rpdth; -- cwq;fpath;
Nrhrg; G k; 20. fPz;L -- gpse;J
605) F o e ; i j , N a R i t > V N u h J 21. ,Ug;G Kis -- Mzpapd; Edp
kd; d dpd; nfhLikapypUe; J 22. tijg;Gz;L -- Jd;gkile;J
fhg;ghw;w je;ij Nrhrg;Gk; jha; 23. khz;LgLk; NghJ -- ,wf;Fk;
khpad; i dAk; ve; j ehl; b w; F epiyapy;
nrd;wdh;? 24. ,ul;rfh; -- fhg;gth;
vfpg; J 25. kd;whLk; -- kpf Ntz;Ljy;
26. Mfbak; -- Vsdk;
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608) ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;G: Gytuhf tpsq;fpdhh;. md;idahh;

1. nrq;if> Nrtb> ntt;tpUg;G - ngah; nja;t ehafp mk;khs;.
gz;Gj; njhiffs; ,th;fs; nul;bahgl;bapy; tho;e;j
2. ,Ug;G -- typj;jy; tpfhuk; th;fs;. gpwF> fiuapUg;G nrd;W
3. fdptha; -- ctikj; njhif tho;e;j fpUl;bddhh;> Kg;gjhtJ
4. td;kwNthh; -- gz;Gj; njhif mfitapy; jk; ngaiu vr; . V
609) gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; fpUl;bddhh; vd itj;Jf;
1) jPzb ; dhh; -- jPzL
; + ,d; + nfhz;lhh;.
Mh; fpUl;bddhh; je;ijaplk; jkpopyf;fp
jPzL ; - gFjp aq;fisAk; khzpf;f thrfj;Njthp
,d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy lk; ,yf;fzq; fisAk;> gpytzr;
Mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp Nrhjplhplk; tlnkhopiaAk; fw;whh;.
2) flhtpdhh; -- flhT + ,d; + Mh;
rhah;Guk; gs;spapy; jkpohrphpauhfg;
flhT - gFjp
gzpahw;wpdhh;. ,ul;rzpa rka
eph;zak;> ,ul;rzpa kNdhfuk;>
Mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
,ul;rzpaf; Fws; vd;Dk;
610) gphpj;jwpjy;:
E}y;fisAk; ,aw;wpdhh;. fpwpj;Jtf;
m) kw;wpuz;L -- kw;W + ,uz;L
fk;gh; vdg; Gfo;g; ngw;w ngUq;
M) FUNrw;wp -- FUR + Vw;wp
ftpQh; 1900 gpg;uthp %d;whk; ehs;
,) jd;dhpa -- jd; + mhpa
,aw;if va;jpdhh;.
<) jtpg;nga;jp -- jtpg;G + va;jp
612) E}w; F wpg; G :
c) ,j;jifa -- , + jifa
,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk; vd;gjd;
C) kdeyk; -- kdk; + eyk;
nghUs; (caph;> jd;idf; fhf;f
v) gq;fpl;lhh; -- gq;F + ,l;lhh;
Ntz; b ) ,iwtid Nehf; f pr;
V) vOj;jpl;lhh; -- vOj;J + ,l;lhh;
nry;Yk; gazk; vd;gJ. Md;k
I) vd; w hfbakhd - vd; W +
<Nlw;wj;ij tpUk;Ggth; vd;gJk;
Mfbak; + Md
nghUe;Jk;.
611) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G :
[hd; gd;ad; vd;Dk; Gfo; ngw;w
,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpf E}yhrphpah;
Mq; f py E}yhrphpah; ,aw; w pa
vr;.V fpUl;bddhh;. jpUney;Ntyp
gpy; f phpk; ] ; GNuhfpu]; vd; D k;
khtl; l j; j pYs; s fiuapUg; G
E}iyj; jOtp> n`d;wp My;gh;lL ;
vd;Dk; Chpy;> 1827 Vg;uy; ,Ugj;J
fpUl;bddhh; top E}yhfj; jkpopy;
%d;whk; ehs; gpwe;jhh;. ,tUila
,ul; r zpa ahj; j phpfk; vd; D k;
je;ij rq;fu ehuhazh; ngUk;
ngahpy; ,aw;wpdhh;.
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613) epug;Gf: jkpofk; kl; L kd; w p ,yq; i f>

1. fpwpj;jtf; fk;gh; vdg; Gfog; kNyrpah> nkhhPrpaJ> rpq;fg;g+h;>
ngWgth; ______ ,q;fpyhe;J> mnkhpf;fh Nghd;w
Vr; . v fpUl; b ddhh; fly; fle;j ehLfspYk;
2. ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk; ______ nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ.
E}iyj;jOtp ,aw;wg;gl;lJ. (,yf; f zk; )
gpy; f phpk; ] ; GNuhfpu]; ahg;G - nra;As; cWg;Gfs;
nghq;fy; jpUtpoh (mb> njhif)
(ciueil) 620) mb vd;why; vd;d?
614) jkpoh; jpUehs; vJ? rPhf
; s; gy mLj;J elg;gJ mb
nghq; f y; tpoh> ijj; j pq; f s; vdg; g Lk; .
ehs; tpoh> jkpopdj; j pd; jdp 621) mb vj;jid tifg;gLk;? mit
tpoh> gz;ghl;Lg; ngUtpoh. ahit?
615) tsikapd; milahsNk ______! mb Ie;J tifg;glk;.
mWtilf; fhyk; mit - 1. Fwsb> 2. rpe; j
616) tPLk;> ehLk; J}a;ikg;gLfpw> mb> 3. mstb> 4. nebyb> 5.
Rw;Wg;gwr; #oiyg; Nghw;Wfpd;w fopnebyb.
,dpa jpUehs; vJ? 622) Fwsb vd;why; vd;d?
Nghfpj; jpUehs; mbNjhWk; ,Ur;rhP f; isg; ngw;W
617) coTf;F cWJizahd khLfis tUtJ Fwsb vdg;gLk;.
ed;wpAzh;NthL kjpj;Jg; Nghw;wpLk; v.fh.. Kf;jp Ntz;LNky;
jpUehs; vJ? 623) rpe;jb vd;why; vd;d?
khl;Lg; nghq;fy; mbNjhWk; %r;rPh;fisg; ngw;W
618) Mapukhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;Ng tUtJ rpe;jb vdg;gLk;.
Xhplj;jpy; epiyj;J coTj; njhopy; v.fh gOjp yhJ gapw;wpdh;.
nra;J> gz;gl;l ehfhpf tho;it 624) mstb vd;why; vd;d?
Nkw; nfhz;lth;fs; ahh;? mbNjhWk; ehd; F rP h ; f isg;
jkpoh; f s; ngw;W tUtJ mstb my;yJ
619) Me;jpuh> fUehlfh Mfpa khepyq;f Neub vdg;gLk;.
v.fh tha;nkhop jg;gplh tifapy;
spy; kfu rq;fuhe;jp vdTk; [g;ghd;>
Mw; W td; .
[hth Kjypa ehLfspy; mWtilj;
625) nebyb vd;why; vd;d?
jpUtpoh vdTk; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ.
mbNjhWk; Ie;J rPhf ; isg; ngw;W
tUtJ nebyb vdg;gLk;.
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v.fh eP L k; Filiaj; jhpj; j 632) ,iaGj; njhil vd;why; vd;d?

gpuhdpe;j ePs; epyj;jpy; mbNjhWk; ,Wjpr;rPh; xd;wptuj;
626) fopnebyb vd;why; vd;d? njhLg;gJ mb,iaGj; njhil
mbNjhWk; MW my;yJ mjw;F vdg; g Lk; .
Nkw;gl;l gy rPh;fisg; ngw;W 633) msngilj; njhil vd;why; vd;d?
tUtijf; fopnebyb vdf; mbNjhWk; Kjy; rPh; msngLj;J
$Wth; . tUtJ mbasngilj; njhil
627) njhil vd;why; vd;d? vdg; g Lk; .
kyh;fisj; njhLg;gJ NghyNt
rPh;fspYk; mbfspYk; Nkhid Nkhid:
Kjypad mikaj; njhLg;gJ 634) ,izNkhid vd;why; vd;d?
njhil vdg;gLk;. ,izNkhid (1>2)
628) njhil vj; j id tifg; g Lk; ? ehyb nfhz;l rPUs; KjypU
mit ahit? rP h ; f spy; KjnyOj; J xd; w p
njhif vl;L tifg;gLk;. tuj; n jhLg; g J ,izNkhid
mit - 1. Nkhidj; njhil> vdg; g Lk; .
2. vJifj; njhil> 3. Kuz; 635) nghopg;G Nkhid (1>3) vd;why;
njhil> 4. ,iaGj; njhil> vd;d?
5 . m s n g i l j ; njhil> 6. Xh; mbAs; Kjw;rhP pYk;> %d;whk;
,ul;ilj; njhil> 7. me;jhjpj; rPhpYk; KjnyOj;J xj;J tUtJ
njhil> 8. nre; njhil. nghopg;G Nkhid vdg;gLk;.
629) Nkhidj; njhil vd;why; vd;d? 636) x&cNkhid (1>4) vd;why; vd;d?
nra; A spy; mbNjhWk; Kjy; Xh; mbAs; Kjw; rPhpYk;> ehd;fhk;
vOj; J xd; w ptuj; njhLg; g J rPhpYk; KjnyOj;J xd;wptuj;
mbNkhidj; njhil vdg;gLk;. njhLg;gJ> xUcNkhid vdg;gLk;.
630) vJifj; njhil vd;why; vd;d? 637) $ioNkhid (1>2>3) vd;why; vd;d?
mbNjhWk; KjnyOj;J Xh; mbAs; Kjy;> ,uz;L> %d;whk;
msnthj; J (Xirapy; ) epw; f > rP h ; f spy; KjnyOj; J xd; w p
,uz; l hk; vOj; J xd; w ptuj; tUtJ $ioNkhid vdg;gLk;.
njhLg;gJ mbnaJifj; njhil 638) Nkw;fJtha;Nkhid (1>3>4) vd;why;
vdg; g Lk; . vd;d?
631) Kuz; njhil vd;why; vd;d? Xh; mbAs; Kjy;> %d;W> ehd;fhk;
mbNjhWk; Kjw;rPh; Kuz;glj; rPhf; spy; KjnyOj;J xd;wptuj;
njhLg; g J mbKuz; njhil njhLg;gJ Nkw;fJ tha;Nkhid.
vdg; g Lk; .
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639) fP o ; f ; f Jtha; Nkhid vd; w hy; 645) Nkw;fJtha; vJif (1>3>4) vd;why;
vd;d? (1>2>4) vd;d?
XubAs; Kjy;> ,uz;L> ehd;fhk; Xh; mbAs; Kjy;> %d;W> ehd;fhk;
rPhf
; spy; Kjy; vOj;J xd;wptuj; rPhf; spy; KjnyOj;J msnthj;J
njhLg;gJ fPof ; f
; Jtha; Nkhid epw;f> ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wptuj;
vdg; g Lk; . njhLg;gJ Nkw;fJtha; vJif
640) Kw; W Nkhid (1>2>3>4) vd; w hy; vdg; g Lk; .
vd;d? 646) fPof ; f
; Jtha; vJif (1>2>4) vd;why;
Xh; mbapd; ehd;F rPh;fspYk; vd;d?
KjnyOj;J xd;wptuj; njhLg;gJ Xh; mbAs; Kjy;> ,uz;L> ehd;fhk;
Kw;WNkhid vdg;gLk;. rPhf
; spy; KjnyOj;J msnthj;J
vJifj; njhil: epwf ; > ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wptuj;
njhLg;gJ fPo;f;fJtha; vJif
641) ,iz vJif vd;why; vd;d? (1>2)
vdg;gLk;.
KjypU rPh;fspd; KjnyOj;J
647) Kw;nwJif (1>2>3>4) vd;why; vd;d?
msnthj;J epw;f (Xirastpy;)
Xh; mbAs; cs;s ehw;rhP f ; spYk;
,uz; l hk; vOj; J xd; w ptuj;
KjnyOj;J msnthj;J epw;f>
njhLg;gJ ,iz vJif vdg;gLk;.
,uz; l hk; vOj; J xd; w ptuj;
642) nghopg;G (1>3) vd;why; vd;d?
njhLg;gJ Kw;nwJif vdg;glk;.
Xh; mbAs; Kjw; rPhpYk;> %d;whk;
648) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf:
rPhpYk; KjnyOj;J msnthj;J
1. njhil ______ tifg;gLk;.
epw;f> ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wptuj;
vl; L
njhLg; g J nghopg; G vJif
2. Kjy;> %d;W> ehd;fhk; rPhf ; spy;
vdg;gLk;.
Nkhid xj;J tUtJ.
643) x&c vJif (1>4) vd;why; vd;d?
Nkw; f Jtha;
Xh; mbAs; Kjy; rPhpYk; ehyhk;
3. mstbf;F ______ vd;Dk; NtW
rPhpYk; KjnyOj;J msnthj;J
ngaUz;L.
epw;f> ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wp
Neub
tUtJ x&c vJif vdg;gLk;.
4. ,iznaJif vd;gJ ______
644) $io vJif (1>2>3) vd;why; vd;d?
______> rPhf ; spy; ,uz;lhk; vOj;J
Xh; mbAs; Kjy;> ,uz;L> %d;whk;
xd;wptuj; njhLg;gJ.
rPhf
; spy; KjnyOj;J msnthj;J
1>2
epw;f> ,uz;lhk; vOj;J xd;wptuj;
njhLg;gJ $io vJif
vdg;gLk;.
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649) nghUj;Jf: fdpr;rhW> Iia> nfha;ahf;fdp>

m) $io --- 1>2>3 rPhf ; spy; tUk; ghtpaf; nfhj;J> gs;spg;
M) Nkw;fJtha; -- 1>3>4 rPh;fspy; gwitfs;> E}whrphpak; Kjypa gy
tUk; E}y;fis ,aw;wpAs;shh;. njd;
,) fPo;f;fJtha; -- 1>2>4 rPh;fspy; nkhop> jkpo;r; rpl;L> jkpo; epyk;
tUk; Mfpa ,jo;fs; %yk; cyfj;
<) Kw;W -- 1>2>3>4 rPh;fspy; tUk; jkpohpilNa jkpOzh;it ,e;E}y;
650) jkpo;g; gonkhop:- FQ; R fSf; F > gwitfSf; F >
1) Anger is sworn enemy kzpnkhop khiy vd;Dk; %d;W
Nfhgk; Fyj;ijf; nfLf;Fk;. gphpTfshf mike;Js;sJ.
2) Break my head and bring a plaster 653) epug;Gf:
gps; i siaf; fps; s p tpl; L j; 1. ,irahy; ______ kiwe;J NghFk;.
njhl;biyAk; Ml;LtJ. Jd; g k;
3) There is danger in mens smiles 2. cyf epfo;Tfis mwpe;jhy;
njhOj ifAs;Sk; gil xLq;Fk;. ______ Nkk;gLk;.
4) Like hand and glove mwpTj; j pwd;
efKk; rijAk; Nghy 3. Vl;Lf;fy;tpawpTld; ______
5) Wealth is best known by want fy;tpawpT?
epoypd; mUik ntapypy; njhpAk;. fiyaTk;> njhopw;fy;tp>
,ay; gj;J - nra;As; mwptpaw; rpe;jid
Xa;Tk; gaDk; 4. gs;spg;gwitfs; E}y;
______gphpTfshf mike;Js;sJ.
651) Xa;thf ,Uf;ifapy; jk;gp - eP
%d; W
Xtpak; tiue;J goF! --
,g;ghliy ,aw;wpath; ahh;? vjph;fhyk; ahUf;F -- kPuh
ngUQ; r pj; j pudhh; 654) cjph; f hyk; ,dpNkNy - vd; w
652) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G : vjph;fhyk; ahUf;F vd;w ghliy
ghtyNuW ngUQ; r pj; j pudhhpd; ghbath; ahh;?
,aw; n gah; Jiu> khzpf; f k; . kP u h
,tuJ Ch; Nryk; khtl;lj;jpYs;s 655) nrhw;nghUs;:
rKj;jpuk;. ,thpd; ngw;Nwhh; Jiu Njl;il -- nry;tk;
rhkp> FQ;rk;khs; Mth;. 10.03.1933 656) Mrphpah; Fwpg;G:
md;W gpwe;j ,th;> 11.06.1995 Mk; kPuh vd;Dk; ngah; kP.
ehs; kiwe;jhh;. ,uhNre;jpud; vd;gjd; RUf;fk;.
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,th; 1938 Mk; Mz;L rptfq;ifapy; ey;y vjph;fhyk;

gpwe;jhh;. jhk; gbj;j rptfq;iff; 2. mwr;rhiy ------------ tpijg;ghUf;Nf
fy; Y }hpapy; NguhrphpauhfTk; > fpl;Lk;.
Kjy; t uhfTk; gzpahw; w pdhh; . caph; f spd; ,d; d y; eP f ; F k;
,uhNre;jpud; ftpijfs;> %d;Wk; mUshsh; f ; F f;
MWk; > NfhilAk; tre; j Kk; > caph; f ; N fhsk; (ciueil)
Crpfs;> fdTfs; fw;gidfs;
659) caphpdq; f s; tho; t jw; F Vw; w
fhfpjq;fs;> Ff;$ Mfpa ftpij
caph;fN; fhskhf mJ khWtjw;Fr;
E}y;fisAk; th ,e;jg;gf;fk; kPuh
------------------- Mz;Lfs; NkyhdJ.
fl;Liufs; Mfpa fl;Liu
Rkhh; E}w;iwk;gJ Nfhb
E}y;fisAk; gilj;Js;shh;.
660) caph; f s; Kjd; K jypy; vjpy;
jkpo; tsh;r;rpf; fofg; ghpR>
Njhd;wpd?
ghNte;jh; tpUJ> rpw;gp ,yf;fpa
eP h py;
tpUJ> jkpo;r; rhd;Nwhh; Nguit
661) ve;j mz;lj;jpy; epyTk; Nfhs;fspy;
tpUJ Kjypatw; i w toq; f pj;
caphpdq;fs; tho ,ayh?
jkpOyfk; ,tiur; rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.
re; j pud; > nrt; t ha;
657) E}w; F wpg; G :
662) epyj;jpy; kl;LNk caph;fs; tho
,g;ghly; ,uhNre;jpud; ftpijfs;
,aYkhjyhy;> mjid ______
vd;Dk; njhFg;gpy; ,lk;
vd toq;FfpNwhk;.
ngw; W s; s J. ,g; g hly; f isj;
caph; f ; N fhsk; .
njhFj;jth; Nre;jp cilaehjGuk;
663) caphpdq; f spd; ,ay; i g ahh;
rP d pthrd; . ,e; E }y; > rpWJsp
Muha;e;jd?
ngUnts;sk; vd;Dk; ngUe;jiyg;gp
mwpQh;
Ds; mOjj;Jspfs;> Njd;
664) kdpjNd ______ ikak;.
Jspfs; > fz; z P h ; j ; Jspfs; >
caph;f; Nfhsj;jpd;
gd;dPh;j;Jspfs;> kioj;Jspfs;>
665) caph;f;Nfhsk; jd;dfj;Nj gy
FUjpj;Jspfs; vd;Dk; rpWjiyg;G
,aw;iff; fhl;rpfis
fspd; fPo; ehw;gj;ije;J ftpijfs;
fPof ; f
; hz;Nghk;?
cs;sd. ,f;ftpij> kioj;Jspfs;
gue; j thd; n tspAk; > cah; e ; j
vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; ,lk;
kiyKfLk;> kiytPo; mUtpAk;>
ngw;Ws;sJ.
tw;whky; tsk; gug;Gk; MWk;>
658) epug; G f:
ftpd;kpF NrhiyAk;> fdpjUk;
1. Vh; gpbj;J ciog;gtUf;Ff;
kuq;fs;> caphpdq;fSk; mjd;
fpilg;gJ --------
epiyfsd;fs; MFk;.
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666) caph;fspd; tho;f;if ,aw;ifr; 674) mbtsp kz;lyk; vd;why; vd;d?

#o;epiyfshfpa ______> ______> epyj; j pd; ntg; g epiyia xNu
nfhz;L eilngw;W tUfpd;wJ. rP u hd epiyapy; itj; j pUf; f g;
fhw;W> ePh; nghpJk; cjTfpwJ.
667) ______ kw;Wk; ______ epyg;gFjp 675) Nky;tsp kz;lyk; vd;why; vd;d?
fs; flypy; %o;fptpLtJk;> Gjpa caph; t spg; glyk; (XNrhd; )
epyj; Njhw;wq;fs; cUthtJk; caph; f s; nropf; f ,aw; i f
cz;L. mspj;jpUf;Fk; ghJfhg;G
vhpkiyfs; > epyeLf; f q; f s; muzhFk; .
668) kdpj tho;iff;Fj; Njitahd 676) fjputdplkpUe;J ntsptUk; Gw
______> ______> Kjypatw;iw Cjhff; fjph;fs; epyg;gug;igj;
toq;Ffpd;wJ. jhf;fhj tifapy; ve;j glyk;
cg; G > jhJg; n ghUs; jLf;fpwJ?
669) f l y ; v d ; d n g h U s ; f i s caph;tspg; glyk; (XNrhd;)
mspf;fpd;wJ? 677) Fsph;gjdg; ngl;bapy; gad;gLj;jg;
Kj;J> gtsk;> fpspQ;ry;> gLk; -------- ,t;Taph; tspg;glyj;ijr;
flw;gQ;R> rq;F rpijg;gjpy; ngUk;gq;F tfpf;fpwJ.
670) ePhg; g; hfj;ij ______ vd;Wk;> fhw;W FNshNuh/ GSNuh fhh; g d;
kz; l yj; i j ______ vd; W k; 678) jpz;k> ePh;k> thAg;nghUs; fopTf
$Wth;. shy; vJ rPh;NfL milfpd;wJ?
eP h ; f ; N fhsk; > tspf; N fhsk; epyk;> ePh;> fhw;W
671) fhw;W kz;lyj;jpd; fyit ahJ? 679) epyk; khRiltjw;fhd fhuzk;?
caph;tsp ( Mf;rprd;) 21% Fg;igfs;> tptrhaf; fopTfs;>
cg;Gtsp (iel;burd;) 78% njhopw; r hiyf; fopTfs; .
kw;w tspfs; 1% 680) fhw;W khRiltjw;fhd fhuzk;?
672) Rw;W #oy; vd;gJ vd;d? Nghf;Ftuj;J Ch;jpfs;> njhopwr; hiy
caphpdq;fs; thOk; gFjpapy; fspypUe;J ntsptUk; er;Rg;Gif>
cs;s epyk;> ePh;> fhw;W mZkpd; epiyaq;fs; ntspNaw;
Nghd;wit mlq;fpa epiyfs;. Wk; fjphpaf; f khR Kjypa
673) cyf tspf;Nfhsk;> cauj;ijAk; tw;wpdhy; fhw;W ngUksT khR
ntg;gepiyiaAk; mbg;gilahff; milfpd;wJ.
nfhz;L gy gphpTfspy; ,uz;L vJ?
mbtsp kz; l yk; > Nky; t sp
kz; l yk;
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681) kuq; f isj; njhlh; e ; J mopj; J 687) Ntw;Wikazp vd;why; vd;d?

tUtjdhy; ______ epfo;fpd;wd. nra; A spy; ,UnghUs; f Sf; F
epyr;rhpT> kz; mhpgG; > kioapdi
; k ,ilNa cs; s xg; G ikiaf;
682) kiotsk; ngUf ______ tsh;jj ; y; $wpa gpdd; h; mtw;iw NtWgLj;jpf;
Ntz;Lk;. fhl;LtJ Ntw;Wik mzpahFk;.
kuk; 688) epuy;epiw mzp vd;why; vd;d?
,yf;fzk; mzp nrhy;iyAk;> nghUisAk;
683) mzp vd;why; vd;d? thpirahf (epuyhf) epWj; j p>
jk; fw;gid Mw;wyhYk; nkhopg; NeNu nghUs; nfhs;tJ epuy;
GyikahYk; nrhy;yp Yk; epiw mzpahFk;.
nghUspYk; moF Nrh; j ; J g; nkhopj;jpwd; gapw;rp
ghly;fs; ,aw;Wth; ,j;jifa
nra;Al;fspy; fhzg;gLk; moNf. 689) 1) xUikr; nrhw;fisg; gd;ikahf
684) VfNjr cUtf mzp vd;why; khw;Wf
vd;d? (v.fh) ahidapd; fz; rpwpaJ
ftpQh; jhk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l ahidapd; fz;fs; rpwad
gynghUs;fis cUtfg;gLj;jpf; 2) gz;ikia xUikahf khw;Wf:
$Wk; N ghJ xd; i w kl; L k; (v.fh) gRTk; fd;Wk; Nka;ej ; d
cUtfg;gLj;jp> mjNdhL njhlh;G gRTld; fd;W Nka;e;jJ.
ila kw;nwhd;iw cUtfg;gLj; 690) ,izahd jkpo;g; gonkhopia
jhky; tpLtJ. mwpf
685) ,y;nghUS ctikazp vd;why; 1. a wolf in sheeps clothing
vd;d? gRj;Njhy; Nghh;j;jpa Gyp
cyfpy; ,y; y hj nghUis 2. union is strength
xd;wpw;F ctikahf;fpf; $WtJ xw;WikNa typik
,y;nghUs; ctik mzp vdg;gLk;. 3. no smoke with out fire
686) gpwpJnkhopjy; mzp vd;why; vd;d? neUg;gpy;yhky; GifahJ.
Gytd;> jhd; fUjpa nghUis 4. might is right
Neubahfr; nrhy;yhky;> mjNdhL ty;yhd; tFj;jNj tha;f;fhy;
njhlh;G ciladtw;iwr; 5. many things fall betaeen the cup and
nrhy;yp tpsq;fitg;gJ gpwpJ the lip
nkhopjy; mzp MFk;. iff;F vl;baJ tha;f;F

vl;ltpy;iy.
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gj;jhk; tFg;G 6. "rjfk;;" - vd;gjd; nghUs; vd;d?

,ay; - 1 E}W ghly;fs;
nra;As; - tho;j;J 7. nghUj;Jf
nrhy; - nghUs;
1. “nka;jhd; mUk;gp tpjpHtpjpHj;”
1. tpiu - cly;
vd;Dk; ghliy ,aw;wpatH ahH?
2. foy; - ngUfp
khzpf; f thrfH
2. khzpf;fthrfH Fwpg;G? 3. jJk;gp - kzk;
irt rkaf;FutH ehy;tUs; xUtH 4. nka; - mzpfyd;
khzpf;fthrfH. ,tH kJiuf;F tpil:(1 2 3 4)
mUfpy; jpUthjt+upy; gpwe;jtH. jpUf; F ws;
mupkHj;jd ghz;badplk; jiyik xOf; f Kilik
aikr; r uhfg; gzpahw; w patH. rpwg; G $Wfs; :
“mKJ mbaile;j md;gH” vd;gH. Kjw;ghtyH> nja;tg;GytH>
,tH mUspa E}y;fs; “jpUthr nre;ehg;NghjhH> ngha;apy; GytH>
fKk; jpUf;NfhitahUk; MFk;. ngUehtyH Kjypa ngaHfshy;
,tH vOg;gpa Nfhtpy; jw;NghJ Nghw;Wfpd;wJ. ,tuJ fhyk; fp.K
MTilahh; Nfhtpy; vd toq;fg;gLk; 31,y; gpwe;jtH. jkpof muR ijj;
jpUg;ngUe;Jiwapy; (GJf;Nfhl;il jpq;fs; ,uz;lhk; ehisj;
khtl; l k; ) cs; s J. ,tH jk; jpUts;StH ehshf mwptpj;Jf;
fhyk; fp.gp.xd;gjhk; E}w;whz;L nfhz;lhb tUfpd;wJ. jpUf;Fws;
MFk;. gjpndz;fPo;f;fzf;F E}y;fSs;
3. "jpUthrfKk; jpUf;NfhitahUk;" xd;W. Mq;fpyk;> fpNuf;fk;> ,yj;jd
P ;
irtj; j pU Kiwfspd; ve; j Kjypa cyfnkhopfs; gytw;wpYk;
jpUKiwapy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ? ,e;E}iy nkhopngaHf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
vl;lhk; jpUKiwapy; jpUts;Stkhiy vd;Dk; E}y;
4. jpUthrfj;jpy; vj;jidg; ghly;fs; ,tuJ ngUikfisg; Gfo;fpwJ.
,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ? 8. jpUf;Fwis ve;j Mz;L ahH
658 gjpg;gpj;jhH?
5. jpUthrfj;jpd; rpwg;ig czHe;j kiyaj; J trd; kfd; Qhdg;
[p.A.Nghg; vk; n khopapy; nkhop gpufhrk; 1812,y; jQ; i rapy;
ngaHj;jhH? ntspapl; l tH.
Mq; f pyj; j py;
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9. ",izapy;iy Kg;ghYf;F fiyQH nrk;nkhopf;F ,yf;fzk;

,e;epyj;Nj" vdg; ghbatH ahH? tFj;Js;shH.
ghujpjhrd; 14. gjpdhW nrt;tpay; jd;ikfisf;
10. cupa nrhy;iyj; NjHe;njOJf:- nfhz;lJ nrk;nkhop vd;gH mit
m) ,Wtiu fhzpd; _____ ahit?
(fpof;fhk;/fpsf;fhk;jiy) 1. njhd;ik 2.Kd;ik 3.Ez;ik
tpil: fpof;fhk; 4. jpzi ; k 5.vz;ik 6.xz;ik
M) kdtypikAilNahH vd;Dk; 7. ,dpik 8.jdpik 9.,sik
nghUs; jUk; nrhy; _____ 10.tsik 11.jha;ik 12.J}a;ik
(cuNthH/cwNthH) 13.Kk;ik 14.nrk;ik 15.,ad;ik
tpil: cwNthH 16.tpad;ik
Vyhjp 15. 2000 Mz; L fSf; F Nkw; g l; l
fzpNkjhtpahH tuyhw;Wj; njhd;ikAila nkhopfs;
rpyNt ,tw;Ws; tof;fpoe;J Nghd
11. MrpupaH Fwpg;G:
nkhop ahit?
rkz rkaj;jtH fhyk; fp.gp.Ie;jhk;
jkpo;> rPdk;> rk];fpUjk;> ,yj;jd P .;
E}w; w hz; L .,tH "jpizkhiy
<g;U> fpNuf;fk;> ,yj;jDP k;> <g;UTk;
E}w;iwk;gJ" vd;Dk; E}iyAk;
tof;fpoe;J Nghapd.
,aw;wpAs;shH. gjpndz; fPo;f;
16. "vd;WKs njd;jkpo;" vd;wtH ahH?
fzf;F E}y;fSs; Vyhjp xd;W.
fk; g H
81 ntz;ghf;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
17. ve; j nkhopfSf; F jkpo; n khop
,ytq;fk;> rpWehtw;g+> Rf;F> kpsF>
jha;nkhopahfj; jpfo;fpwJ?
jpg; g pyp Mfpatw; w pdhy; Md
fd;dlk;> njYq;F> kiyahsk;>
kUe;Jg; nghUSf;F Vyhjp vd;gJ
JStk;
ngaH.
18. rq; f ,yf; f paq; f spd; nkhj; j
ciueil mbfs; vj;jid?
caHjdpr; nrk;nkhop 26>350
12. “tPWil nrk;nkhop jkpo;nkhop 19. “fkpy; R tygpy; " ve; j ehl; L
cyfk; Nt&d; w pa ehs; K jy; nkhopapay; NguwpQuhthH?
capHnkhop" vd;w tup vOjpatH nrf; ehl;L
“ghtyNuW ngUQ; r pj; j pudhH" 20. “khf; R Ky; y h; " vd; D k; nkhop
13. jpUe;jpa gz;Gk;> rPHj;j ehfupfKk; E}ywpQNuh jkpNo kpfTk; gz;gl;l
nghUe; j pa J}a; n khop jkpo; r ; nkhop nad;Wk;> mJ jdf;Nf
nrk;nkhopahk;" vd;W gupjpkhw; cupa ,yf;fpar; nry;tq;fisg;
199

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ngw; w pUf; F k; nkhopnad; W k; Jizg;ghlk; ,ay;-1

ghuhl;bapUf;fpd;whH. gupjpkhw; f iyQH
21. rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fis ,g;gbAk;
miog;gH? 28) Fwpg; G :-
kf;fs; ,yf;fpak; #upaehuhaz rh];jpupahH vd;Dk;
22. jkpo; ,yf;fzk; gbf;fg; gbf;f jk; ngaiug; "gupjpkhw;fiyQH"
tpUg;gj;ij cz;lhf;FtJ vd;ghH vdj; jdpj; jkpohf;fpf; nfhz;ltH.
ahH? je;ij ngaH: Nfhtpe;jrptdhH
nfy; y l; jhahH ngaH : ,yl;Rkp mk;khs;
23. njhy; f hg; g paupd; Mrpupauhfpa %d;whtJ kfdhf 1870Mk; Mz;L
mfj;jpaH ve;j Ie;J ,yf;fzq; #iyj; jpqf ; s; Mwhk; ehs; gpwe;jhH.
fis vOjpAs;shH? kJiuia mLj; j tpshr; N rup
vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs;> ahg;G> vd;Dk; rpw;W}upy; gpwe;jhH.
mzp> ,d; E }Yf; F mfj; j pak; nrd;idf; fpwpj;jtf; fy;Y}upapy;
vd; g J ngaH. gp.V. gapd;whH.
24. "ahJk; CNu> ahtUk; NfspH" - 29. jd;dplk; jkpo; fw;w khztHfis
GwehD}W gupjpkhw;fiyQH vt;thW mioj;jhH?
"gpwg;nghf;Fk; vy;yh capHf;Fk;" ,aw;wkpo; khztH
- jpUf;Fws; 30. ghRfuNrJgjp jiyikapy; ghz;bj;
25. kf; f l; gz; g py; y hjhiu vjw; F Jiu Nkw;ghHitapy; gupjpkhw;
xg;gpLfpwhH ts;StH? fiyQH c.Nt.rhkpehjH ,uhftdhH
kuk; Mfpa NguhrpupaHfs; JizAld;
26. "murpay; gpioj;NjhHf;F mwk; kJiuj; jkpo;rr ; q;fk; epWtg;gl;lJ.
$w;whFk;" vd;w mwnewp fUj;ij 31. jpuhtpl rh];jpup vd;Dk; rpwg;Gg;
$Wk; E}y; vJ? gl; l j; i j gupjpkhw; f iyQUf; F
rpyg; g jpfhuk; #l;ba aho;g;ghzj;J jkpowpQH
27. ,d;iwa nkhopapay; ty;YeHfs; ahH?
Ngzpg; gpd;gw;wj;jf;f topKiw rp.it.jhNkhjudhH
fisj; njhy;fhg;gpak; $Wfpd;wJ 32. "jdpg; g hRuj; njhif" vd; D k;
vd;wtH ahH? E}ypid ,aw;wpatH ahH?
KidtH vkpNdh gupjpkhw; f iyQH
33. "tpLedp fbJ" - vd;w nrhy; ,lk;
ngw;w E}y; vJ?
fk; g uhkhazk; - Ffg; g lyk;
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34. gupjpkhw;fiyQH ,aw;wpa ew;wkpo; 39. nghUj; J f:-

ehlfq;fs; ahit? 1. Ifhuf;FWf;fk; -m) K/BJ
&ghtjp> fyhtjp 2. xsfhuf;FWf;fk; -M) jiytd;
35. "rpj; j puf; f tp" vd; D k; E}iy 3. Ma;jf;FWf;fk; -,) Nghd;k;
vOjpatH ahH? 4. kfuf;FWf;fk; -<) ntsthy;
gupjpkhw; f iyQH tpil:- 1-M> 2-<> 3-m> 4-,
36. FkuFUguupd; ePjpnewp tpsf;fj;jpd; ,ay;-2 nra;As;
vj;jid ghly;fSf;F ciunaOjp rpyg; g jpfhuk;
ciuahrpupauhfTk; tpsq;fpdhH? (kJiuf; f hz; l k; )
51 ghly;fs; (tof;Fiu fhij)
37. K.rp.g+Hzypq;fk; njhlq;fp itj;j
______ vd;Dk; ,jiog; gupjpkhw; 40. ,sq;Nfhtbfs; NrukugpdH je;ij
fiyQH elj;jpdhH. ,katuk;gd; neLQ;Nruyhjd; jha;
QhdNghjpdp ew; N rhiz. ,tHjk; jikad;
38. 33mfitapy; ,aw;if va;jpdhH? Nrud; nrq;Fl;Ltd;;.
gupjpkhw; f iyQH(2.11.1903) 41. E}w; F wpg; G :
rpyk;G + mjpfhuk; = rpyg;gjpfhuk;
,yf;fzk;: vOj;J
1. GfhHf; f hz; l k; 2. kJiuf;
capH gd;dpuz;Lk;> nka; gjpndl;Lk; fhz;lk; 3. tQ;rpf;fhz;lk; vd;Dk;
Mf Kg;gJ vOj;Jfis Kg;ngUq; fhz;lq;fis cilaJ.
KjnyOj;Jfs; vd;gH . Kg;gJ fhijfisAk; cilaJ.
I-,uz;L khj;jpiu GfhHf;fhz;lk; 10 fhijfisAk;>
m. tisak; - ,r; n rhy; y pd; Ifhuk; kJiuf;fhz;lk; 13 fhijfisAk;>
______ k h j ; j p i u F i w e ; J
tQ;rpf;fhz;lk; 7 fhijfisAk;
xypf;fpwJ.
nfhz;lJ. "ciuapilapl;l
,ilapy; te;J xU
ghl;Lilr;nra;As;" vdTk; toq;fg;
M) <w;wpy; Ifhuk; Fiwe;J te;J nrhy;
ngWk;. Kjw;fhg;gpak;> Kj;jkpo;f;
_____ MFk;.
fhg; g pak; > xw; W ikf; f hg; g pak; >
1.jpz;iz 2.tisak; 3.Ie;J
ehlff; f hg; g pak; vdr; rpyg; g jp
,) gy; + jPJ vd;gJ _____ vdg;
GzUk; fhuj;ijg; Nghw;wpg;Gfo;tH.
1. gy;jJ P 2.g/wPJ 3. gyjPJ "neQ; i ras; S k; rpyg; g jpfhuk;
<) FWf; f q; f s; Ifhuf; F Wf; f k; > vd; N whH kzpahuk; gilj; j
xsfhuf;FWf;fk;> _____ Ma;jf; jkpo;ehL" vdg; ghujpahH Gfo;ej ; hH.
FWf;fk; vd ehy;tifg;gLk;.
kfuf; F Wf; f k;
201

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42. Ik; n gUq; f hg; g paq; f s; vd; g it ,ay; - 2

vit?vit? ciueil
1. rpyg;gjpfhuk; nghpahupd; ngz;tpLjiyr;
2. kzpNkfiy rpe; j idfs;
3. rPtfrpe;jhkzp 47. Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf:-
4. tisahgjp 1. jkpoHfsplk; ,d; W gutpAs; s
5. Fz;lyNfrp _______ xd;W cz;L.
43. rpyg; g jpfhuj; i j vt; t ifapy; ngUNeha;
mike;Js;sJ? 2. ngupahH r%f _______ vjpHj;jtH@
,irehlfkhf %lf;fUj;Jfis _______
44. rpyg;gjpfhuk; czHj;Jk; %d;W Kuz;fis> Kl;lWj;jth;
cz;ikfs; ahit? ,ay; - 2
1. murpay; gpioj; N jhHf; F ,yf;fzk; nrhy;
mwq;$w;whFk;>
2.ciurhy; gj;jpdpia caHe;NjhH 1. xU nrhy; jdpj;J epd;W nghUs;
Vj;JtH jUtJ _______
3. Co;tpid cUj;J te;J Cl;Lk; jdpnkhop
45. ghz;ba kd;ddpd; JiwKfk; - 2. njhopiyf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy; ______
nfhw; i f tpidr; n rhy;
3. tpidKw;W _______> _______ vd
jkpo; t sHr; r p ,Utifg;gLk;.
ghNte;jH ghujpjhrd; njhpepiy tpidKw;W> Fwpg;G
46. ghNte;jH ghujpjhrdpd; ,aw;ngaH- tpidKw; W
Rg;Guj;jpdk; 4. XH vr;r tpid _______ nfhz;L
gpwg;G : 1891 Vg;uy; 29 GJitapy; Kbe;jhy;> mJ nganur;rk; vdg;gLk;.
gpwe;jhH. ngaiuf;
jha;: ,yf;Fkp njhifr; n rhw; f is
je;ij : fdfrig tpupj; n jOJf
gilg;Gfs; :FLk;gtpsf;F> ,Uz;l
tPL> jkpopaf;fk;> ghz;bad; gupR> 48. ,Utpid - 1. ey;tpid
mofpd; rpupg;G 2. jPtpid
49. Kj;jkpo;
1.,ay; 2.,ir
3.ehlfk;
202

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50. %Nte;jH 57. tlnkhopapy; fk;guhkhazj;ij

1. Nrud; 2.Nrhod; thy;kPfp KdptH vOjpdhH. fk;gH
3.ghz; b ad; jhk; ,aw;wpa E}Yf;F ,uhkht
51. ehdpyk; jhuk; vdg; ngaupl;lhH.
58. fk;guhkhazj;jpy; cs;s 6 fhz;lq;fs;
1.FwpQ; r p 2.Ky; i y
1. ghyfhz;lk;
3.kUjk; 4.nea; j y;
2. mNahj;jpah fhz;lk;
52. Ie;jpiz 3. Muz;a fhz;lk;
1. FwpQ;rp 2. Ky;iy 4. fpl;fpe;jh fhz;lk;
3. kUjk; 4. nea;jy; 5. Re;ju fhz;lk;
5. ghiy 6. Aj;j fhz;lk;
,ay;-3 - nra;As; 59. "jkpOf;Ff; fjp" vd;w rpwg;Gk;
fk;guhkhazj;jpw;F cz;L.
fk; g uhkhazk;
60. Ffg;glyj;ij fq;ifg;glyk; vdTk;
mNahj; j pah fhz; l k; $Wth;.
Ffg; g lyk; nghUj;Jf:-
53. MrpupaH Fwpg; G 1. ,lH - epyT
fk;gH gpwg;G - NjuOe;J}H (ehif 2. ehtha; - Jd;gk;
khtl;lk;) 3. ,iw - glF
4. ,e;J - jiytd;
je;ij - Mjpj;jd;
tpil: 1.Jd;gk; 2.glF 3.jiytd;
fhyk; - ,uz;lhk; FNyhj;Jq;fd;
4.epyT
fhyj;jpy; tho;ej; tH.
Mjupj; j tH - jpUntz; n za; ciueil
ey;Y}Hr; rilag;g ts;sy; mz; z y;
fk;guJ fhyk; - fp.gp.12 E}w;whz;L mk; N gj; f H
54. fk;gH ,aw;wpa E}y;fs;? 61. mk; N gj; f H kuhl; b a nfhq; f z;
fk;guhkhazk;> rlNfhgue;jhjp> khtl; l j; j py; jNghyp vd; D k;
VnuOgJ> rpiynaOgJ> ruRtjp> mk;gthNl gpwe;jhH.
me;jhjp> jpUf;if tof;fk;. gpwe;j ehs; -14.4.1891
55. rkfhyj;Jg; GytHfs;:- je;ij - ,uhk;[p rf;ghy;
raq; n fhz; l hH> xl; l f; $ j; j H> jha; - gPkhgha;
GfNoe; j p. ,tHfSf;F 14MtJ gps;isahfg;
56. "ahkwpej
; GytupNy fk;gidg;Nghy;" gpwe;jhH.
vd;W ghujpahH Gfo;eJ; ghbAs;shH ,aw;ngaH- gPkhuht; uhk;[p
203

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62. fy; t pg; g azk; : - 67. k f ; f s ; f y ; t p f ; f o f j ; i j j ;

gs;sp- 1908 ,y; vy;gpd] ; l
; d; gs;spapy; Njhw;Wtpj;jtH ahH? ve;j Mz;L?
caHepiyg;gbg;G 1912 ,y; gk;gha; mk;Ngj;fH 1946
vy;gpd;];ld; fy;Y}upapy; ,sq; 68. Fwpg; G :-
fiyg;gl;lk; ngw;whH. rpj;jhHj;jh caHfy;tp epiyaj;jpy;
1915 ,y; mnkupff ; htpy; nfhyk;gpah ,d; i wa mwpT tsHr; r pf; F
gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; KJfiyg; Ntz;ba midj;J ghlq;fSk;
gl;lk;. fw;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
1916 ,y; ,yz;ld; nghUshjhuj;jpy; 69. ",e;jpahtpd; Njrpag; gq;FtPjk;"
KidtH gl;lk; ngw;whH. kPzL ; k; - vd;w E}ypd; MrpupaH ahH?
,yz; l d; nrd; W mwptpay; mk; N gj; f H
KJfiyg; gl; l Kk; ghup]; l H 70. mk;Ngj;fH GfOlk;G va;jpa ehs;?
gl;lKk; ngw;whH. 1956 Mk; Mz;L jprk;gH jpq;fs;
63. mk; N gj; f H Kjypy; elj; j g;
Mwhk; ehs;
ngw; w Nghuhl; l q; f s; !
71. ,e;jpa muR ghuj uj;dh (,e;jpa
1924Mk; Mz;L Nfushtpy;
khkzp) vd;Dk; caupa tpUij
itf;fj;jpy; elj;jpa xLf;fg;gl;NlhH
mz; z y; mk; N gj; f Uf; F ve; j
MyaEioT Kaw;rpAk;>1927 Mk;
Mz;L toq;fp ngUikg;gLj;jpaJ?
Mz;L khHr;R jpq;fs; ,Ugjhk;
1990
ehs; mk; N gj; f H kuhl; b aj; j py;
kfhj; J f; Fsj; j py; elj; j pa Jizg; g hlk;
jz;zHP vLf;Fk; Nghuhl;lKk; kdpj md;whl tho;tpy; rl;lk;
cupikf;fhf Kjypy; elj;jg; ngw;w 72. murpay; rhrdj;jpd; 19(1) MtJ
Nghuhl;lq;fs; vdyhk;. gpuptpdg; b Fbkf;fs; xt;nthUtUf;Fk;
64. tl;lNkir khehL ve;j Mz;L KOikahd Ngr;Rupik> vOj;Jupik
eilngw;wJ? cz;L.
1930 73. jfty; mwpTk; cupikr;rl;lk; ruj;
65. ,e;jpa murpay; mikg;Gr;rl;lk;
vd;d?
tFf;f vj;jid NgH nfhz;l FO
2005 gpupT 6
mikf;fg;gl;lJ?
vOtH ,yf;fzk; - nghJ
66. ,e; j pah KOikahd FbauR 74. vOj;jpyf;fzk;>nrhy;ypyf;fzk;
ehlhfj; jd; i d mwptpj; J f; Mfpa ,uz; b Yk; $wg; g lhj
nfhz;l ehs;? nghJthd nra;jpfs; nrhy;yg;gLt
1950 - 1 - 26 ehs; jhy; ,J nghJ vd miof;fg;
204
gLfpwJ

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75. "xUnkhop xopjd; ,dq;nfhsw; 80. gpwnkhopr;nrhw;fSf;Fupa jkpo;r;

Fupj;Nj" vd;w E}l;gh ,lk; ngw;w nrhw;fis vOJf:-
E}y;? 1. N\j;jpuq;fs; NjhWk; nrd;W
ed; D }y; (359) tpf;fpuq;fis topgLf.
76. ,stofd; te;jhd; ,J ________ Gz; z paj; j ye; N jhWk; nrd; W
njhlH flTs; rpiyfis topgLf.
m) Fwpg;G M) ntspg;gil 2. ,k;khu;ff
; j;jpy; ahj;jpiu nry;Yq;fs;
,) vJTkpy;iy ,t; t opNa Gz; z pag; gazk;
tpil: M nry; Y q; f s; .
77. "khL" vd;Dk; nrhy; _____ MFk;. 3. ,e;j \Hl; kpfTk; fh];ly ; pahdJ.
m) caHjpizg; nghJg;ngaH ,e;j Nkyhil kpFe;j tpiy
M) m/wpizg; nghJg;ngaH kjpg; G s; s J.
,) tpuTg;ngaH 4. ehis elf;f tpUf;Fk; Nkl;rpy;
tpil: M ,e;jpah fz;bg;ghf tpd; nra;Ak;
78. khL fd;iw <d;wJ ,j;njhlupy; ehis elf;ftpUf;Fk; Nghl;bapy;
khL vd;gJ _______ Fwpf;Fk; ,e; j pah cWjpaha; ntw; w p
m) gR M) fhis ngWk; .
,) fd;W 5. ehd; ,e;jf; fhNy[pd; Xy;l;
tpil: m ];Llz;l;
78. nghUj; J f:- ehd; ,e;jf; fy;Y}hpapd; Nkdhs;
1. ntspg;gilr; nrhw;fs; - NrhW khztd; .
cz;lhd;
2. Fwpg;Gr; nrhy; -fy;>kz;
,ay; - 4
3.,dq;Fwpj;jy; - khL ghy; fwe;jJ nra;As; - ew;wpiz
tpil. 1. fy;>kz; 81. kpisfpohd; ey;Ntl;ldhH vOjpa
2. khL ghy; fwe;jJ ghly; ek; ghlg;gFjpapy; cs;sJ.
3. NrhW cz;lhd; kpis vd;Dk; Cupy; gpwe;jt
79. ,sikg; ngaHfisg; ngUj;Jf uhjyhy;> kpisfpohd; ey;Ntl;ldhH
1. ML - fd;W vd;Dk; ngaH ngw;whH.
2. khd; - gps;is 82. "ey;" vd;W milnkhop nfhLj;Jg;
3. fPup - Fl;b Nghw;wg;gLtJk; ew;wpizNa!
4. rpq;fk; - FQ;R 83. ew; w pizapd; njhFg; g pj; j tH
5. Nfhop - Fuis gd;dhL je;j khwd; tOjp
tpil: 1. Fl;b 2. fd;W 3. gpsi; s
4. FUis> 5. FQ;R
205

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784. ew; w pizg; ghly; f s; ehD}W 91. nghUj; J f:-

ghbNdhH 1. mwptpdh - tUthah? vdpy;
275 "thNud;" vd;gJ
85. ew;wpiz xd;gjbr; rpw;nwy;iyAk; 2. Vty;tpil - cz;lhah? vdpy;>
_____ Ngnuy;iyAk; nfhz;l E}y;. "tapW typf;Fk;" vd;gJ
gd;dpuz;L mbg; 3. kiwtpil - ,jidr; nra;thah?
86. "mup" vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs; vdpy; "ePNa nra;" vd;gJ
_____ 4.cWtJ $wy; - ",jd; nghUs;
new; f jph; ahJ?" vd MrpupaH khztuplk;
Nfl;gJ
GwehD}Wf; fz; z fdhH
tpilfs;:
87. Nfhg;ngUQ;Nrhodpd; mitf;fsg; 1. ,jd; nghUs; ahJ? vd
GytHfSs; xUtuhf jpfo;e;jtH? MrpupaH khztuplk; Nfl;gJ
fz; z fdhH 2. ,jidr; nra;thah? vdpy;>
88. vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fSs; xd;W “ePNa nra;” vd;gJ
GwehD}W 3. tUthah? vdpy; > “thNud;”
ciueil Ngr; R f; f iy vd;gJ
4. cz; l hah? vdpy; > “tapW
89. Ez;zpa E}y; gy fw;wtHf;Nf
typf;Fk;” vd;gJ
mike;j mupa fiy _____
92. Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf:-
m) Xtpaf;fiy
m) xU nghUs; Fwpj; J tUk;
M) ,irf;fiy
nrhw;fisNa _____ vd;gH.
,) Ngr;Rf;fiy
xUnghUl; gd; n khop
tpil: ,
M) xU nghUl; gd;nkhopf;Fr;
90. Nkilg;Ngr;rpy; kf;fis <Hj;jtH
rhd;W _____
Xq;fp cah;ej;
_____
m) NguwpQH mz;zh
,) ',J nra;th' vd;Dk; tpdhtpwF ;
M) K.tujuhrdhH
"tapW typf;Fk;" vdf; $WtJ
,) jpU.tp.f
_____ tpil
tpil: m
cWtJ $wy;
,yf; f zk; <) Mlj;njupAkh vd;Dk; tpdhtpwF
; g;
tpdh-tpil tiffs; ghlj; njupAk; vdf; $WtJ _____
xUnghUl; gd;nkhop tpil ,dnkhop
206

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c) ed;D}y; fpilf;Fkh vdf; 96. E}w; F wpg; G

filf;fhuhplk; Nfl;gJ _____ tpdh jdpabahH - 63
nfhsy; njhifabahH - 9
93. tpdh vj;jid tifg;gLk;?mit nkhj;jk;
rptdbahH = 72
ahit?
97. ngupaGuhzj;jpw;F Nrf;fpohH ,l;l
MWtifg; g Lk; .
ngaH
mwptpdh> mwpahtpdh> Iatpdh> "jpUj; n jhz; l H Guhzk; "
nfhsy; tpdh> nfhil tpdh> 98. "cynfyhk;" vd;W mbnaLj;Jf;
Vty; tpdh nfhLf;fg; ghlg;ngw;w njdTk;
94. tpil vj;jid tifg;gLk;?mit $WgtH?
ahit? jpy;iy eluhrg; ngUkhd;
vl;L tifg;gLk; 99. "gj;jpr; Ritedp nrhl;lr; nrhl;lg;
Rl;L tpil> kiwtpil> NeH tpil> ghba ftp tyt" vd;W Gfo;e;J
Vty; tpil> tpdh vjpHtpdhjy; iuj;jtH ahH?
kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rpRe;judhH
tpil> cw;wJiuj;jy; tpil> cWtJ
100. "cyfk;> capH> flTs;" Mfpa
$wy; tpil> ,dnkhop tpil
%d;iwAk; xUq;Nf fhl;Lk; fhtpae;
,ay; -5 jhd; ngupaGuhzk; vd;wtH ahH?
nra;As; - ngupaGuhzk; jpU.tp.fypahzRe; j udhH
mg;g+jpabfs; Guhzk; 101. jk; tPlb; Ys;s midj;Jg; nghUs;
fSf; F k; jpUehTf; f urH vdg;
95. MrpupaH Fwpg; G ngaH #l;batH _____
ngupaGuhzj; i j mUspatH - mg; g +jpabfshH
Nrf;fpohH 102. nghUj;Jf:-
gpwg;G - Fd;wj;J}upy; gpwe;jtH 1. Nkjp - m) rptd;
(fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk;) 2. re;jk; - M) vUik
,aw;ngaH - mUz;nkhopj;NjtH 3. Nfhjpy; - ,) moF
gzp - meghar; Nrhodplk; 4. mq;fzH - <) Fw;wkpy;yhj gR
jiyik mikr;ruhfj; jpfo;ej ; tH tpil: 1-M> 2-,> 3-<> 4-m
ngw;w gl;lk; - cj;jk Nrhog;
ciueil
gy;ytH vd;Dk; gl;lk; ngw;wtH
jpiug;glf;fiy cUthd fij
rpwg;G ngaH - nja;tr; Nrf;fpohH
103. xspg;glk; vLf;Fk; Kiwia ve;j
vd;Wk; njhz;lHrPH guTthH
Mz;L vl;tHL ikgpupl;R
fhyk; - fp.gp.12 E}w;whz;L
fz;Lgpbj;jhH?
1830
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104. glr;RUs; cUthf;Fk; Kiwia 110. je;ij - NfhghyNkdd;

fz;Lgpbj;jtH? jha; - rj;aghkh ,UtUf;Fk; 5
<]; l ; k d; kfdhf gpwe;jhH.
105. gpuhd;rp]; nrd;fpdR
; vd;w mnkupff; H 111. Gul;rp ebfH>kf;fs; jpyfk; vd;W
1894 ,y; upr;kz;l; vd;Dkplj;jpy;
Nghw;wg;gl;lhH.
,af;fg;glj;ijg; gyUk; ghHf;Fk;
112. m w p Q H m z ; z h m t H f s ;
tifapy; tbtikj;jhH.
106. jpiug; g lk; vLf; f g; gad; g Lk; vk;.[p.,uhkr;re;jpuid ,jaf;fdp
glr;RUs; _____ vd;Dk; nghUshy; vd;W Nghw;wpdhH.
MdJ. 113. 1963 Mk; Mz;L nrd;id khepyr;
nry; Y yha; L rl;l kd;w Nkyit cWg;gpduhdhH.
107. Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf:- 114. 1967 Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w nghJj;
1. ebg; g hw; w y; kpf; f tiuAk; NjHjypd; NghJ guq; f pkiyj;
ebg;igf; fw;Wj; jUgtiuAk; ____ njhFjpapy; Nghl;baplL
; ntw;wp ngw;whH.
vd miog;gH. 115. 1972 Mk; Mz; L jhkpUe; j
,af; F eh;
,af;fj;jpypUe;J tpyfpg; Gjpa
2. glg;gpbg;Gf; fUtpia _____
fl;rpiaj; njhlq;fpdhH.
nghUj;JtJk; cz;L.
efh;j;Jk; tz;bapy; 116. 1977 Mk; Mz;L eilngw;w jkpofr;
3. ,aq;FUg; glq;fs; ghHg;gjw;F rl;lkd;wj; NjHjypy; ngU ntw;wp
_____ ,Uf;Fk;. ngw;W Kjy;tuhfg; gjtp Vw;whH.
Ntbf; i faha; 117. nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofk; mtuJ
108. nghUj;Jf:- gzpfisg; ghuhl;b> lhf;lH gl;lk;
1. <];lk ; d; -m) xUtH kl;Lk; ghHf;Fk; toq;fpaJ.
glf;fUtp 118. kj;jpa muR mtHjk; gzpiag;
2. vbrd; -M) glr;RUs; ghuhl;b caupa tpUjhd ghujuj;dh
3. vl;tHL ikgpupl;R -,)fUj;Jg;glk;
(,e;jpakhkzp)tpUJ toq;fpaJ.
4. thy;l; b];dp -<),af;fg;glk;
,t;tpUJ mtUila kiwTf;Fg;
tpil: 1-M> 2-m> 3-<> 4-,
gpd; 1988 Mk; Mz;L toq;fg;gl;lJ.
Jizg;ghlk;
,yf; f zk;
ghujuj; d h
ctk cUGfs;
vk;.[p.,uhkr;re;jpud;
109. ghujuj;dh vk;.[p.,uhkr;re;jpud; ctk cUG - njhlH
,yf;ifapYs;s fz;bapy; 1917 1. Nghy - fpspNghyg; Ngrpdhs;
Mk; Mz; L rdtupj; jpq; f s; 2. Giua - Nta;Giu Njhs;
gjpNdohk; ehs; gpwe;jhH. 3. xg;g - jhnahg;gg; NgRk; kfs;
4. cwo - KoT cwo; jlf;if
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5. md;d - kyud;d Nrtb ,ay; - 6

"Nghy Giua xg;g cwo ciueil -
khd fLg;g ,iag Va;gg ; njhd;ikj; jkpofk;
Neu epfu md;d ,d;d 119) "kdpj ehfhpfj; njhl;by;" vd;W
vd;gTk; gpwTk; ctkj; JUNg." miof;fg;gLtJ?
ed;D}y; 367 ,nyKhpah
ctik cUtfk; 120) ve;j gaph; tiffis jkpoh;fs;
mKjnkhop - nkhopaKJ tpw;whh;fs;?
faw;fz; - fz;fay; ney;> fk;G> Nrhsk;> Nfo;tuF>
Njd;jkpo; - jkpo;jN; jd; jpid> rhik> tuF Kjypa
g+tpuy; - tpuy;g+ jhdpa tiffisAk;> cSe;J>
kjpKfk; - Kfkjp fliy> mtiu> Jtiu> jl;il>
kyub - mbkyH gr;ir> nfhs;S> vs;S Kjypa
Kj;Jg;gy; - gy;Kj;J gaW tiffisAk; jkpoh;fs;
tpw;GUtk; - GUttpy; tpw; w hh; f s; .
kyHg;ghjk; - ghjkyH 121) fpwpj;J gpwg;gjw;F Kd;Ng fpNuf;fk;>
,ay; MW cNuhkGhp> vfpgJ ; Mfpa ehLfSf;F
nra;As;: jkpo; tpL J}J vg;nghUs;fis mDg;gg;gl;ld?
mhprpAk;> kapy;NjhifAk;>
E}w; F wpg; G :-
re; j dKk; .
1. Nghypg; G ytHfisj; jiyapy;
122) fp.K.gj;jhk; E}w;whz;by; murd;
Fl;Lgth; _____
rhykDf; F ahidj; je; j Kk; >
mjptP u uhk ghz; b ad; .
kapy;NjhifAk;> thridg;
2. ehy;tifg; ghf;fSk; taYf;F
nghUs; f Sk; jkpofj; j pypUe; J
_____ mike;Js;sd.
mDg;gg;gl;ld.
tug; G fsha;
123) kJiuj; jkpo; r ; r q; f j; i jNa
"nrtpia mWg; g jw; F tpy; y p
Fwpf;Fk; GwehD}W> gupghlypy;
Gj;J}uZk; jiyia ntl;Ltjw;F
,lk; ngw;w nrhw;fs; ahit?
xl; l f; $ j; j Dk; ,Ue; j ikahy;
jkpo;nfO $ly;> jkpo; Ntyp
jkpNo eP fpisj; J r; nropj; J
124) "$lypy; Ma;e;j xz;jPe; jkpopd;"
tsh;e;jha;
- vd;w tup ,lk; ngw;w E}y; vJ?
kzpthrfk;
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125) ghzd;> ghbdp> $j;jd;> tpwyp ,yf;fzk; Gzh;r;rp

vd;W ,aypir ehlff; fiyQh;fs; 133) ,Unrhw;fs; NrUk;NghJ Njhd;wy;>
,Ue;jikiaAk; mwpa KbfpwJ. nfLjy;> jphpjy; Mfpa khw;wq;fs;
126) "gz;nzhL jkpnohg;gha;" - vd;w Vw; g Lkhapd; mtw; i w tpfhug;
tup ,lk; ngw;w E}y;? Gzh;r;rp vd;gh;.
Njthuk; (v.L) 1. thio + gok; - thiog;gok;
127) "cOJz;L tho;thNu tho;thh;" - - Njhd;wy;
vd;w tup ,lk; ngw;w E}y;? 2. kuk; + Nth; - kuNth; - nfLjy;
jpUf; F ws; 3. nghd; + Flk; - nghw;Flk; -
128) "fspW vwpe;J ngah;jy; fhisf;Ff; jphpjy;
flNd" vd;Dk; gupghly; 134) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf:-
129) jdf;Ftikapy;yh xU --------------- 1. tlf;F vd;Dk; jpirg;ngaNuhL
jkpo; ,dk;. gpw jpirfs; te;J NrUk; NghJ
jdp,dk; _____
m) epiynkhop <W ePqF ; k;
Jizg;ghlk;:- jw;fhyj;
M) epiynkhop <Wk; nka;Ak;
njhy;ypay; Ma;Tfs;
ePq;Fk;
130) n j h y ; y p a i y M q ; f p y j ; j p y ; ,) tUnkhop Kjy; nfLk;
"Mh;ff ; pahy[p" vdf; Fwpg;gpLth;. tpil: M
131) ,e;jpaj; njhy;ypay; Jiwapdh; 2. Nkw;F + ehL vd;gJ _____vdr;
1963 Mk; Mz;L g+k;Gfhh; mUfpy; NrUk;.
cs;s fPohh;ntsp vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; m) Nkw;F ehL M) NkehL ,)
Nkw;nfhz;l fly; mfoha;tpd; NkdhL
NghJ fp.K. %d;whk; E}w;whz;ilr; tpil: ,
rhh;ej
; fl;ll ,bghLfs; fz;lwpag; 3. fUik + Fop vd;gJ _____vDk;
gl;ld. tpjpfspd; gb GzUk;.
132) KJkf;fs; jhopfs; vd;why; vd;d? m) MjpePly;> ,dkpfy;.
gz;ila fhyj;jpy; ,we;Njhiu M) jd;ndhw;wpul;ly;> ,ilAfuk
mth;fs; gad;gLj;jpa nghUs; ,) Mjy;
fSld; xU jhopapyplL ; g; Gijf;Fk; ,) <WNghjy;> ,dkpfy;
tof; f k; ,Ue; j J. ,t; t ifj; tpil: ,
jhopfisNa KJkf;fs; jhopfs; 135) nghUj; J f:-
vd; f pNwhk; . 1. mb mfuk; I mjk; - m) ntw;wpiy
2. MjpePly; -- M) fUk;gyif
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3. ,dkpfy; -- ,) igq;$o; irt mbahu;fis ehad;khu;fs;

4. jd;ndhw;wpul;ly; - <) %J}h; vd;W toq;Fth;. ,th;fs; mWgj;J
tpil: 1-,> 2-<> 3-M> 4- m %th;. irt rkaf; Futh;
ehy;tUs; xUth; jpUehTf;furh;.
,ay; VO nra;As; jpUf;Fws;
,th;jk; ghly;fs; Njthuk; vdg;
nghpahiuj; Jizf;Nfhly;
Nghw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,th; jhz;lfk;
136) ,y;yhiu ----------- vs;Sth;. ghLtjpy; ty;yth; Mjyhy;> ,th;
vy; y hUk; jhz;lf Nte;jh; vdTk;
137) mwdPDk; ,d;gKk; <Dk; _____ toq;fg;gLfpwhh;. ,tuJ fhyk;
jPjpd;wp te;j nghUs;. fp.gp.Vohk; E}w;whz;L jpUth%u;
jpwdwpe; J flY}h; khtl;lk; gz;ZUl;bia
138) jpwdwpe; J Njh; e ; J nfhs; s mLj;Js;sJ.
Ntz;bath; _____ 142) E}w; F wpg; G :-
1. md;Gs;s ngw;Nwhh;. Njthuk; vd;Dk; nrhy;iyj; Nj +
2. Mh;tKs;s ez;gh;. thuk; vdg; gphpj; J j; nja; t j;
3. %j;j mwpTilahh; jd;ikia cila ,irg;
tpil: 3 ghly;fs; vd;Wk; Nj + Muk; vdg;
139) mhpatw;Ws; vy;yhk; mhpJ _____ gpupj;Jj; nja;tj;jpw;Fr; #l;bg;
Ngzpj; jkuhf; nfhsy; ngw;w ghkhiy vd;Wk; $Wth;.
1. rpwpath; 2. nghpahh; 3. cwtpdh; irtj; jpUKiwfs; gd;dpuz;lDs;
tpil: 2 Kjy; VOk; %tu; Njthuk; >
140) Kjypyhh;fF ; -------------- ,y;iy. jpUehTf;furh; ghb mUspa ghly;fs;
1. Cjpak; 2. el;G 3. Gif ehd;F> Ie;J> Mwhk; jpUKiwfs;
tpil: 1 ekf; F g; ghlkhf mike; J s; s
Njthuk; - jpUehTf;furh; ghly; jpUehTf; f urh; mUspa
Mwhe;jpU Kiwapy; cs;sJ.
143) "ehkhh;f;Fk; Fbay;Nyhk;" vd;Dk;
jpUehTf;furh; jpUth%upy; gpwe;jth;.
g h l y ; _____ " m r ; r k p y ; i y
ngw; N whh; Gfodhh; . khjpdpahh;
mr;rkpyi ; y" vdg; ghlj; J}z;baJ.
,tuJ jkf;ifahh; jpyftjpahh;>
1. ghujpjhrid 2. Rujhit
jpUehTf;furUf;Fg; ngw;Nwhh; ,l;l
3. ghujpahiu
ngah; kUzPf;fpahh;. ,tUf;Fj;
tpil: 3
jUkNrdh;> mg;gh;> thrPrh; vd;Dk;
NtW ngah;fSk; cz;L. ,tuJ
newp njhz;L newp.
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ciueil 157) kUe;jhfpj; jg;gh kuj;jw;why; -

jkpo;nkhopapy; mwptpay; jpUf; F ws;
rpe; j idfs; 158) "Gy;yhfpg; g+lha;" - jpUthrfk; thp
144) "mwpT mw;wk; fhf;Fk; fUtp" - ,yf;fzk;: nghUs;
jpUts; S th; ,yf;fzk; mfg;nghUs;
145) cyfk; cUz; i l vd; g ijg;
159) md;gpd; Ie;jpiz vit?
gjpdhwhk; E}w;whz;bw;Fg; gpwNf
FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> nea;jy;>
Nkiy ehl;bdh; cWjp nra;jdh;.
ghiy
146) cyfk; vd;Dk; jkpo;rn ; rhy; _____
160) Kjw;nghUs; vd;git mfnthOf;fk;
vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; mbahfg; gpwe;jJ.
epfo;jw;Ff; fhuzkhFk; epyKk;
cyT
nghOJk; MFk;.
147) cyT vd; g J Rw; W jy; vd; w
161) Itif epyq;fs;
nghUisj; jUk;.
1. FwpQr; p - kiyAk;> kiyrhh;ej ; ,lKk;
148) Qhyk; vd;Dk; jkpo;r; nrhy; "Qhy;"
2. Ky;iy - fhLk; fhLrhh;ej ; ,lKk;
vd;Dk; nrhy;ybahfj; Njhd;wpaJ
3. kUjk; - taYk; tay;rhh;ej ; ,lKk;
vd;gh;. "Qhy;" vd;gjw;Fj; njhq;Fjy;
4. nea;jy; - flYk; fly;rhh;ej ; ,lKk;
vd;gJ nghUs;.
5. ghiy - kzYk; kzy;rhh;ej ; ,lKk;
149) "twpJ epiy,a fhaKk;" ,t;tup
162) nghOJfs; 2 tifg;gLk;:-
,lk; ngw;w E}y; vJ? Gwk;(30)
1. ngUk; n ghOJ
150) "tytd; Vth thD}h;jp" - Gwk;(27)
2. rpWnghOJ
151) "jPkg; pop ve;jpuk; ge;jy; tUe;j" vd;w
1) ngUk; n ghOJ:-
thp ,lk; ngw;w E}y; vJ?
m) fhh;fhyk; - Mtzp> Gul;lhrp
gjpw; W g; g j; J
M) Fsph;fhyk; - Ig;grp> fhh;jj ; pif
152) "me;jf; NfzpAk; ve;jpuf; fpzWk;"
,) Kd;gdpf;fhyk; - khu;fop> ij
- ngUq;fij
<) gpd;gdpf;fhyk; - khrp> gq;Fdp
153) "cWkplj; Jjth cth;epyk;" -
c) ,sNtdpwf ; hyk; - rpjj
; piu> itfhrp
GwehD}w; W thpfs;
C) KJNtdpw;fhyk; - Mdp> Mb
154) "gathf; fsuidau; fy;yhjth;"
2) rpWnghOJ:-
- jpUf;Fws;
m) fhiy - fhiy 6 kzpKjy;
155) "Xh; mZtpidr; rj$wpll ; NfhzpDk;
10 kzptiu
- csd;" - ahu; $wpaJ?
M) ez;gfy; - fhiy 10 kzpKjy;
fk; g h;
2 kzptiu
156) "clk;ghh; mopapd; capuhh; mopth;"
- jpU%yh;
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,) vw;ghL - gpw;gfy; 2 kzpKjy; 169) jpUkhy; _____ epyj; j pw; F hpa

6 kzptiu nja;tk;.
<) khiy - khiy 6 kzpKjy; Ky; i y
,uT 10 kzptiu 170) kzKoh> ney;yupfpiz Mfpa
c) ahkk; - ,uT 10 kzpKjy; ,uz; L k; _____ jpizf; F hpa
,uT 2 kzptiu giwfs;.
C) itfiw - ,uT 2 kzpKjy; kUjj;
fhiy 6 kzptiu 171) nea;jy; jpizf;Fhpa njhopy;fs;
(vw;ghL - vy; + ghL> vy; - QhapW _____ MFk;.
- ghL - kiwAk; Neuk;) kPd;gpbj;jy;> cg;Gtpistpj;jy;
163) jpizAk; nghOJk;:- 172) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf:-
kqj{!! ohVl<!
< ohiPK!! sqXohiPK! m ) n g h U s p y f ; f z k ; _____
GxqR<sq!!Gtqi<gizl<?!!!! bill<! tifg;gLk;.
Le<heqg<gizl<!!!! 1.,uz;L 2.%d;W 3.Ie;J
Lz<jz! giv<gizl<!! lijz!! tpil:1
lVkl<! NXohVl<ohiPKgt<!!!
jugjx! M) mfj;jpizfs; _____ tifg;gLk;.
ofb<kz<! NXohVl<ohiPKgt<!!!
wx<hiM 1.%d;W 2.Ie;J 3.VO
hijz! -tOueqz<?! f{<hgz<! tpil:3
LKOueqz<?!hqe<heq!! ,) khh;fop> ij Mfpa ,uz;Lk;
164) mfk;> Gwk; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; _____ _____ fhyj;jpw;Fhpad.
,yf;fzk; MFk;. 1.Kd;gdp 2.gpd;gdp 3.,sNtdpy;
nghUs; tpil:1
165) FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> Kjypa Ie;Jk; <) ghiy epyj;jpw;Fhpa gwitfs;
_____ vdg;gLk;. _____
mfd; Ie;jpiz 1.fpsp> kapy; 2.ehiu> md;dk;
166) nea;jy; jpizf;Fhpa epyg;gFjp 3.Gwh> gUe;J
_____ gFjpahFk;. tpil:3
flYk; fly;rhh;e;j 173) nghUj; J f:-
167) ahkk; vd;gJ ,uT 10 kzpKjy; 1.FwpQ;rp - m) Kay;> khd;
_____ tiu MFk;. 2.Ky;iy - M) Gyp> fub
2 kzp 3.kUjk; - ,) Kjiy> Rwh
168) kUjk;> nea;jy; Mfpa ,uz;lDf;Fk; 4.nea;jy; - <) vUik> ePh;eha;
_____ ngUk;nghOJfSk; tUk;. tpilfs;:- 1-M 2-m 3-< 4-,
MW
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,ay; vl;L 179) rPwhg;Guhzj;jpd; Kg;ngUk; gphpT

nra;As; rPwhg;Guhzk; fis vKJf?
tpyhjj;Jf; fhz;lk; tpyhjj;Jf;fhz;lk;> EGt;tj;Jf;
Gyp trdpj;j glyk; fhz;lk;> `p[;uj;Jf; fhz;lk;
174) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G :- 180) Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf:-
ngah; - ckWg;Gyth; m) rPwhg;Guhzj;ij ,aw;wpath;
,th; vl;laGuk; fbif Kj;Jg; ______
Gythpd; khzth;. mg;Jy;fhjph; ckWg; G yth;
kiuf;fhah; vd;w ts;sy; rPjf; M) ckWg; G ytiu Mjhpj; j
fhjpapd; Ntz;LNfhspd; tz;zNk ts;sy; ______
ckWg;Gyth; rPwhg;Guhzk; vOjj; rP j f; f hjp
njhlq; f pdhh; . E}y; Kw; W k; 181) chpa nrhy;iyj; Njh;en ; jOJf:-
Kd; d Nk rP j f; f hjp kiwe; j hh; . m) rPwhg;Guhzk; ______ fhz;lq;
mtUf;Fg;gpd;> mGy;fhrpk; vd;w fis cilaJ.
ts;sy; cjtpahy; rPwhg;Guhzk; 1. %d;W 2. Ie;J 3. VO
epiwTw;wJ. ckWg;Gyth; ts;sy; tpil:1
ngUkf;fis E}ypd; gytplq;fspy; M) 'Nfoy; ” vd;gjd; nghUs;
epidT$h;e;J Nghw;Wfpwhh;.,th; ______
vz;gJ ghf;fshy; Mfpa 1.vUik 2.Gyp 3.gd;wp
KJnkhop khiy vd;Dk; E}iyAk; tpil:3
gilj;jspj;Js;shh;. ,th; fhyk; 182) ahh;> ahhplk; $wpa njhlh; ,J:-
gjpNdohk; E}w;whz;L. m) ntd;wp thsuNr
175) ,iwtdpd; jpUj; J }jh; egpfs; ,J> Gypiag;gw;wpf; $wpatd;
ehafj; j pd; rP h pa tuyhw; w pid Kfk;kJ egpaplk; $wpajhFk;.
vLj;jpak;Gk; ,dpa E}y; vJ? M) NtnwhU fhl;bdpw; GFf
rP w hg; G uhzk; ,J> Kfk; k J egp> Gypaplk;
176) rPwh - vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? $wpajhFk; .
tho;fi ; f 183) rP h ; N khidia vOJf:-
177) Guhzk; - vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? kd;w Yd;wpa Kfk;kjpd; kyub
tuyhW tzq;fp
178) rPwhg;Guhzk; vj;jid tpUj;jg; rPh;Nkhid. kd;wy; - kyub
ghf;fshy; MdJ?
Iahapuj;J ,Ugj;NjO
214

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184) mb vJifia vOJf:- kpff; FiwthfNt ,Uf;Fk; vd;Wk;>

eP z ; l thy; e pyk; Gilj; j plf; kw; w cyf ehLfs; ,jid
fple;Jly; epkph;eJ
; $z;l fhy;kbj; Vw;fhtpbDk; ,e;jpah mjid Vw;W
jpUtpop fdy;fs; nfhg;gspg;g elj;jp> Vida ehLfSf;F xU
mb vJif ePzl ; - $z;l topfhl;bahfj; jpfo Ntz;Lk;
185) nghUj;Jf:- vd;W tpUk;gpdhh;. fhe;jpabfspd;
1. fhd; - m) fub mwtopg; Nghuhl;lq;fSf;F kf;fs;
2. cOit - M) rpq;fk; MjuT ngUfpaJ: fjh; ,af;fk;>
3. klq;fy; - ,) Gyp kJtpyf;F> jPzl ; hik xopgG ; Mfpa
4. vz;F - <) fhL ,af;fq;fs; gutpd. fhe;jpabfs;
tpil:- 1-< 2-, 3-M 4-m jkpo;ehl;Lf;F te;j NghJ Vio
ciueil fhe; j pak; coth;fs; tWikahy; miuahil
cLj;jpaijf; fz;lhh;. jhKk;
186) fhe; j pabfs; rpWtdhf ,Ue; j md;W Kjy; Nkyhil mzptjid
NghJ> F[uhj;jpg; ghly; xd;widf; epWj;jpf; nfhz;lhh;. miuahil
Nfl;lhh;. "jhfj;jpw;F ePh; jUtjpy; Ald; ,q;fpyhe;jpy; ele;j tl;l
xd;Wkpy;iy: jPik nra;jth;fF ; k; Nkir khehl;by; fye;J nfhs;sr;
ed;ikNa nra;> cz;ikg; nrd;w NghJ> mg;Nghija ,q;fpyhe;J
nghUz;ik cz;L" vd;w mg;ghly; Kjd;ikaikr;rh; rh;rr ; py;> 'miu
,d; d h nra; a hik (mfpk; i r) epUthzg;gf;fphp' vd;W Vsdk;
vd;Dk; fUj;jpid mtUs; nra; j NghJk; > fhe; j p abfspd;
tpijj;jJ. Kfj;jpy; Gd;dif jto;ej ; J.
187) cz;ikia kl;LNk NgRk; murd; 190) njd; Mg;gphpf;fhtpy; ,e;jpah;f;F
mhpr;re;jpuid xU ngha; Ngr vjpuhd ve;j epwr; rl;lq;fisf;
itf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfNt gy fhe; j pabfs; nfhSj; j pajhy; >
,d; d y; f Sf; F cs; s hf; f path; rpiwapy; milf;fg;gl;lhh;?
ahh;? fWg; G
Kdpth; tpRthkpj; j puh; 191) ve;j Mz;by; fhe;jpabfis Rl;Lf;
188) mwtop - vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? nfhy;yg;gl;lhh;?
md;G> mUs; 1948 Mk; Mz;L> rdthp 30>
189) mwtop tpLjiyg; N ghh; : - jpq;fs;
typa Nghhpy; rhfpd; w th; f spd; 192) ,isQh; f spd; flik:-
vz; z pf; i fia tpl> mwtopg; ehl;by; ,isQh;fspd; cs;sj;jpy;
Nghhpy; ,wg;Nghhpd; vz;zpf;if ehl;Lg;gw;W> nja;tg;gw;W> nkhopg;
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gw; W tsUk; tifapy; fy; t p tsUk; tifapy; fy;tp mikjy;

mikjy; Ntz;Lk;. Ntz;Lk;.
193) Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf: ,isQh;fspd; cs;sj;jpy; vit
m) fhe;jpabfs; ______ vd;Dk; tsUk; tifapy; fy;tp mikjy;
ehlf E}iyg; gbj;jhh;. Ntz; L k; .
rputz gpJh; g j; j p 196) xUik gd; i kg; gpiofis
M) jpUf;Fwis nkhop ngah;jj ; ePf;fp vKJf:-
cUrpa mwpQh; ______ m) Xh; ,sk;ngz; E}nyhd;iw
jhy; R jha; tpUk;gpg; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;.
194) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf:- ,sk;ngz; xUj;jp E}nyhd;iw
m) fhe;jpabfs; ______ ehlfj;ijg; tpUk;gpg; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhs;.
ghh;j;J cz;ikNa Ngr Ntz;Lk; M) kdpjdpd; Nehf;fk; cah;ej
; jhfTk;
vd;W cWjp g+z;lhh;. J}a; i kahdjhfTk; ,Ue; j hy;
1.rputzgpJ}h;gj;jp 2.mhpr;re;jpud; kl;Lk; Nghjh.
3.gf;jg;gpufyhjd; kdpjdpd; Nehf;fk; cah;thdjhfTk;
tpil:2 J}a; i kahdjhfTk; > ,Ue; j hy;
M) giftdplKk; md;Gfhl;L vdf; kl;Lk; NghjhJ.
$wpa E}y; ______ 197) nghUj; J f:-
1.gftj;fi P j 2.ed;D}y; 3.iggps; 1. rj;jpa Nrhjid - m) jpUts;Sth;
tpil:3 2. gftj; fPij - M) fpwpj;Jt rkaE}y;
,) mwnewpahfg; Nghw; w g; g l 3. jpUf;Fws; - ,) fhe;jpabfs;
Ntz;bait ______ 4. iggps; -<) ,e;J rkaE}y;
1.Mlk;guk;> tPzn ; ryT 2.vspik> tpilfs;: 1-, 2-< 3-m 4-M
rpf;fdk; 3.md;G> mUs; ,yf;fzk; Gwg;nghUs;
tpil:2
195) tpdhj; n jhlh; f s; mikf; f :- 198) Gwg;nghUs; vdg;gLtJ> tho;fi
; ff;Fj;
m) fhe;jpabfs;> 'gyNfhb kf;fspd; JizGhpAk; fy;tp> nry;tk;> Gfo;>
gl;bdpiag; Nghf;Fk; tho;thjhuk;” tPuk;> murpay; Kjypa nghUs;
fjh; vd;W fUjpdhh;. fisg; gw;wp $WtJ.
'gyNfhb kf;fspd; gl;bdpiag; 199) mfg; n ghUs; tho; t pay; vdpy; >
Nghf; F k; tho; t hjhuk; ” vd Gwg;nghUs; cyfpay; MFk;. Gwk;
vijf; fhe;jpabfs; fUjpdhh;. gw;wpa newpfisf; $WtJ
M) ,isQh;fspd; cs;sj;jpy; ehl;Lg; Gwj;jpiz MFk;.
gw;Wk;> nkhopg;gw;Wk;> nja;tg;gw;Wk;
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200) Gwj;jpizfs; ntl;rpapd; tiffs; 205) fhQ; r pj; j piz:-

vj;jid? jd; ehl; i lf; ifg; g w; w te; j
gd; d puz; L khw;wurNdhL fhQ;rpg; g+itr; #b
201) gd;dpuz;L tifahd Gwj;jpizfs; vjph;j;Jg; Nghhply; fhQ;rpj;jpiz.
ntl;rp vOJf:- 206) nehr; r pj; j piz:-
1. ntl;rpj;jpiz gifaurdhy; Kw;Wifaplg;gl;l
2. fue;ijj; jpiz jk; kjpiyf; fhj;jy; Ntz;b>
3. tQ;rpj; jpiz cs;spUe;Nj> ntspNa ,Uf;Fk;
4. fhQ;rpj; jpiz gifaurNdhL nehr;rpg; g+itr;
5. nehr;rpj; jpiz #bg; Nghhpl;L> mk;kjpiyf; fhg;gJ
6. copiQj; jpiz nehr;rpj;jpiz.
7. Jk;igj; jpiz 207) copiQj; j piz:-
8. thifj; jpiz copiQg; g+itr; #ba jd; tPuh;
9. ghlhz; jpiz fSld; khw;wurd; Nfhl;ilf;Fs;
10. nghJtpay; jpiz GFe;J kjpiyr; Rw;wp tisj;jy;
11. iff;fpisj; jpiz copiQj;jpiz.
12. ngUe;jpiz 208) Jk; i gj; j piz:-
202) ntl; r pj; j piz:- gifNte; j h; ,UtUk; ntw; w p
gifehl;bd; kPJ Nghh; njhlq;F xd;iwNa Fwpf;Nfhshff; nfhz;L>
Kd;> me;ehl;bYs;s MepiufSf;Fj; jk; tPuh;fSld; NghhpLtJ
jPq;F Neuf; $lhJ vdf; fUJk; Jk;igj;jpiz. ,t;tuP h;fs; Jk;igg;
kd;dd;> jd; tPuh;fis mDg;gp g+itr; #bg; NghhpLth;.
mtw;iwf; fth;e;J tur; nra;tJ 209) thifj; j piz:-
ntl; r pj; jpiz. mt; t P u h; f s; ntw;wpngw;w kd;dd; thifg;g+r;
ntl;rpg;g+itr; #br; nry;thh;fs;. #b kfpo;tJ> thifj;jpiz.
203) fue;ijj; jpiz:- 210) ghlhz; j piz:-
ntl;rp tPuh;fshy; fth;e;J ghLjw;Fj; jFjpAila Xh; Mz;
nry;yg;gl;l jk; Mepiufisf; kfdpd; fy;tp> tPuk;> nry;tk;> Gfo;>
fue; i jg; g+itr; #br; n rd; W fUiz Kjypatw;iwg; Nghw;wpg;
kPlg
; J> fue;ijj; jpiz MFk;. ghLtJ> ghlhz;jpiz.
204) tQ;rpj; jpiz:- 211) nghJtpay; jpiz:-
kz;zhir fhuzkhfg; gifth; ntl;rp Kjy; ghlhz;tiu cs;s
ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;wf; fUjp tQ;rpg; Gwj;jpizfspd; nghJthdtw;iwAk;>
g+itr; #bg; NghUf;Fr; nry;tJ>
tQ;rpj;jpiz.
217

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mtw;Ws; $wg;glhjdtw;iwAk; ,ay; xd;gJ

$WtJ> nghJtpay; jpiz. nra;As; gFjp
212) iff;fpisj; jpiz:- fypj; n jhif
iff;fpis vd;gJ xUjiyf; fhkk;.
,/J Mz;ghy; $w;W> ngz;ghy;
ey;ye;Jtdhh; rq;f fhyj;jth;.
$w;W vd ,Utifg;gLk;.
213) ngUe; j piz:- ,tiug; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs; VJk;
ngUe;jpiz vd;gJ nghUe;jhf; fpilf; f g; ngwtpy; i y. ,th; >
fhkk; ,JTk; Mz;ghw; $w;W> nea;jy; fypapy; Kg;gj;J %d;W
ngz;ghw; $w;W vd ,Utifg;gLk;. ghly;fisg; ghbAs;shh;. fypj;
214) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;en ; jLOJf:- njhifiaj; njhFj;jtUk; ,tNu
1. Gwj;jpizfs; ------------- tiffs; vd;gh;.
vj;jid? 216) E}w; F wpg; G :-
m) Ie;J M) VO ,) gd;dpuz;L vl;Lj; njhifAk; gj;Jg;ghl;Lk; rq;f
tpil:, ,yf;fpaq;fs;. vl;Lj; njhifAs;
2. epiufth;jy; vd;gJ ------------- xd;whd fypjn ; jhif fypgg
; hf;fshy;
m) fue;ij M) ntl;rp ,) copiQ mike;jJ. ,J ehlfg; ghq;fpy;
tpil:M mike;Js;sJ. ,irNahL
3. kz;zhir fUjpg; NghUf;Fr;
ghLtjw;Nfw;wJ. fypj;njhifapy;
nry;tJ -------------
flTs; tho; j ; i jAk; Nrh; e ; J
m) tQ;rpjj ; piz M) fhQ;rpjj ; piz
E}w;iwk;gJ ghly;fs; cs;sd.
,)thifj;jpiz
tpil:m fypj;njhif FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy>
4. ghlhz;jpiz vd;gJ ----------- $WtJ. kUjk;> nea;jy;> ghiy vd;Dk;
m) Mz;kfdpd; xOfyhWfs; Ik;ngUk; gphpTfis cilaJ.
M) Nghhpd; jd;ikfs; fypg;gh Js;sy; Xiriaf;
,) ngz; kfspd; xOfyhWfs; nfhz; l J. ekf; F g; ghlkhf
tpil:m mike; J s; s gFjp> new; j w;
5. xUjiyf; fhkk; vd;gJ -------------- fypahFk;. ,jid ,aw;wpath;
m) md;gpd; Ie;jpiz ey; y e; J tdhh; . ,g; g hly; f isg;
M) iff;fpis ,)ngUe;jpiz gbf; F k; n ghOJ> fUj; j hoKk;
tpil:M Xirapd;gKk; ek; cs;sj;jpidf;
6. jd; ehl; i lf; ifg; g w; w te; j nfhs; i s nfhs; S k; . vdNt
khw;wurNdhL vjph;jJ ; g; NghhpLtJ ,jidj; jkpo;r; rhd;Nwhh; 'fw;wwpe;
----------- MFk;.
jhh; Vj;Jk; fyp” vdr; rpwg;gpj;Jf;
m) nehr;rp M) Jk;ig ,) fhQ;rp
$Wth;.
tpil:m
218

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217) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf:- ghlg;ngw;w fyk;gfk; Mjypd;>

m) fypj;njhif ------------- E}y;fspy; ee; j pf; fyk; g fk; vdg; ngah;
xd;W. ngw;wJ. ,e;E}ypd; fhyk; fp.gp.
1.gj; J g; g hl; L 2.vl; L j; n jhif xd; g jhk; E}w; w hz; L fyk; g f
3.gjpndz; fPo;f;fzf;F E}y; f spy; ,JNt Kjy; E}y;
tpil:2 vd;gh;.
M) nea;jy; fypiag; ghbath; - fyk;gfk; vd;gJ> njhz;Z}w;whW
-------- tifr; rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fSs; xd;W.
1.Xuk;Nghfpahh; 2.fgpyh; gytifg; nghUs;fisg; gw;wpg;
3.ey;ye;Jtdhh; gytifg; ghly;fisf; fye;J
tpil:3 ,aw; w g; n gWk; E}y; fyk; g fk;
,) 'Nghw;whiug; nghWj;jy;” vd;gJ vdg; g Lk; . fyk; + gfk; =
----------- vdg;gLk;. fyk;gfk;. fyk; - gd;dpuz;L: gfk;
1.nghiw 2.Kiw 3.epiw - MW. gjpndl;L cWg;Gfisf;
tpil:1 nfhz;ljhy; (GatFg;G> mk;khid>
218) nghUj; J f:- fhh;> Cry;> ,uq;fy;> kwk;> jio>
1. gz;G - m) $wpaJ kwh mik jtk;> rpj;J> ghz;> iff;fpis>
2. md;G - M) Ngijahh; nrhy; J}J> tz;L> Fwk;> fhyk;> khjq;fp>
Nehd;wy; fpsp> rk;gpujk;) fyk;gfk; vd;Dk;
3. mwpT - ,) jd;fpis nrwh ngah; te;jJ vdTk; $Wth;.
mik 221) Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf:-
4. nrwpT - <) ghlwpe;J xOfy; 1) f y k ; g f k ; - - - - - - - - - - - t i f r ;
tpilfs;: 1-< 2-, 3-M 4-m rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fSs; xd;W.
m) njhz;Z}w;whW M) gjpndl;L
ee;jpf; fyk;gfk;
,) gj;J
ee;jpkd;dd; tPuk;
tpil:m
219) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G :- 2) giz vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs;
jkpo$; Wk; ey;Yyfj;Jf;F ,e;E}iy ---------------
toq; f pathpd; ngaUk; CUk; m) muR M) My; ,) %q;fpy;
mwpag; ngwtpy;iy. tpil:,
220) E}w; Fwpg;G:-
ee;jpth;kdpd; ngUikiag; Nghw;Wk;
E}yhfh ,J jpfo;fpwJ. gy;yt
kd;dd; %d;whk; ee;jpth;kidg;
ghl;Lilj; jiytdhff; nfhz;L
219

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ehyhapuj; jpt;tpag; 224) Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf:-

gpuge; j k; m) jhh; Nte;jd; Nfhy; Nehf;fp thOk;
------------- Nghd;wpUe;NjNd
Fb
Nfus khepyj;jpYs;s jpUtQ;irf;
M) ehyhapuj; jpt;tpag; gpuge;jj;jpy;
fsj; j py; gpwe; j th; FyNrfu
------------- FyNrfuh; ghbajhFk;.
Mo; t hh; . ,uhkgpuhdplk; gj; j p
kpFjpahf tha;f;fg; ngw;w jpUtha; n khop
fhuzj; j hy; > ,th; FyNrfug; 225) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;e;njOJf:-
ngUkhs; vdTk; miof;fg;gl;lhh;. m) ngUkhs; jpUnkhopfspy; -------------
,th; gd;dpU Mo;thh;fSs; xUth;. ghRuq;fs; cs;sd.
,th; mUspa ngUkhs; jpUnkhop> 1.,UE}w;iwe;J 2.E}w;iwe;J 3.E}W
ehyhapuj; jpt;tpag; gpuge;jj;jpy; tpil:2
xd;W. ,jpy; E}w;iwe;J ghRuq;fs; M) FyNrfuho;thh; ghly; -------------
cs;sd. ,th; tlnkhop> njhFg;gpy; cs;sJ.
njd;nkhop ,uz;bYk; ty;yth;. 1.jpUtpaw;gh 2.Kjyhapuk; 3. nghpa
FyNrfuh; jkpopy; ngUkhs; jpUnkhop
jpUnkhopiaAk; > tlnkhopapy; tpil:3
KFe;jkhiy vd;Dk; E}iyAk; ciueil
,aw;wpAs;shh;. FyNrfuh;> jpUtUl; gpufhr ts;syhh;
jpUtuq;fj;jpd; %d;whtJ kjpiyf; 226) rkur Rj;j rd;khh;ff ; g;ghij mikj;j
fl;bajhy; mjw;Ff; FyNrfud; ts;syhh; ahh;?
tPjp vd;Dk; ngah; ,d;Wk; toq;fp ,uhkypq;f mbfs;
tUfpwJ. ,tuJ fhyk; fp.gp.9Mk; 227) ve; j E}w; w hz; i lj; jkpopd;
E}w;whz;L. kWkyh;r;rpf; fhyk; vd mwpQh;
223) E}w; F wpg; G :- Nghw;Wth;?
jkpofj;jpd; gok;ngUk; rkaq;f gj; n jhd; g jhk; E}w; w hz; i lj;
Ss; xd;W itztk;.itztk; 228) mf;fhyj;Nj Gyth; ngUkf;fshYk;
jpUkhiy KO Kjw; flTsha;f; r%fr; rPhj ; pUj;jr; nrk;ky;fshYk;
nfhz;L Nghw;Wk; gd;dpU Mo;thh;fs; Nghw;wg;gLk; ngUQ; rpwg;gpidg;
ghbaUspa NjdpDk; ,dpa jPej ; kpog
; ; ngw;wth; ahh;?
ts; s yhh;
gDty; ehyhapuj; jpt; t pag;
229) ,uhkypq;fh; ve;j khtl;lk;> ve;j
gpuge;jk;. ek; ghlg;gFjp FyNrfu
tl;lj;jpy; gpwe;jhh;?
Mo;thh; ghba ngUkhs; jpUnkhopapd;
flY}h; khtl; l k; rpjk; g uk;
Kjyhapuj;jpy; cs;sJ. tl;lj;jpy; cs;s kUJ}hpy;
220

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230) ,uhkypq;fh; ve;j Mz;L gpwe;jhh;? 241) ,uhkypq;fh; ghly;fs; vt;tif

05.10.1823 ahJ?
231) ,uhkypq;fh; ngw;Nwhh; ahh;? ,dpaghly; f s; > fy; y hh; f ; F k;
,uhikah> rpd; d k; i k vspjpy; nghUs; tpsq;Fk;
232) ,uhkypqf ; h; ngw;NwhUf;F vj;jdhtJ fUj;Jepiw ghly;fs;
kfd;? 242) vij tpUk;gpa ts;sw; ngUkhd;.
Ie;jhtJ kfd; xUik tho;T> xUikauR>
233) Mya me; j zh; ,uhkypq; f iu xUikAyfk;
vt;thW ghuhl;bdhh;? 243) MZk; ngz; Z k; rknkd; W
,iwaUs; ngw;w jpUf;Foe;ij ciuj;jth; ahh;?
234) ,uhkypq; f h; je; i j vg; N ghJ ,uhkypq; f h;
kiwe;jhh;? 244) rq; f fhyj; j py; xU Ky; i yf;
,uhkypq; f h; gpwe; j MwhtJ nfhbapd; Jah; ePff; > ve;j ts;sy;
jpq; f spy; jd; NjiuNa <e;jhh;.
235) ,uhkypq; f Uf; F Ie; J tajpy; ghhp ts;sy;
fy;tp fw;g;gpj;j Mrphpah; ahh;? 245) ghhp ts;siyg;Nghy ts;syhh;
rghgjpaplk; $wpaJ vd;d?
236) xd;gJ tajpNyNa ,uhkypq;fh; 'thba gapiuf; fz;lNghnjy;yhk;
vjpy; jpwd; ngw;wpUe;jhh;? thbNdd; '
ghly; GidAk; jpwd; 246) ts;sw;ngUkhd; tlY}hpy; -----------
237) jpfk; g u rhkpahh; ,uhkypq; f h; epWtpr; r hjp> kj NtWghbd; w pg;
nrd;wNghJ vt;thW $wpdhh;?
grpj;Njhh;f;nfy;yhk; cztpl;lhh;.
',Njh Xh; cj;jk kdpjh; Nghfpwhh;'
rj;jpa jUkr;rhiy
238) jUkkpF nrd;idapYs;s fe;j
247) ts;syhh; vt;thW tho Ntz;L
Nfhl;lj;J ,iwtid tzq;fp kd
nkd;Wk; kd;gijf;F czh;jj ; pdhh;.
KUfg;ghb kfpo;e;jth; ahh;?
kdpjNeaj; J ld;
,uhkypq; f h;
248) 'caphpuf; f Nk Nghpd; g tP l ; b d;
239) ,uhkypq;fh; ghlypd; njhFg;Ng?
jpwTNfhy;' vd;W $wpath; ahh;?
nja;t kzpkhiy
ts; s yhh;
240) ,uhkypq; f h; -------------- vd; D k;
E}iyAk; jpUnthw;wpa+hr; ; rptngUkhd; 249) rkur Rj;j rd;khh;ff ; rq;fj;jpid
kPJ> -------------- vd;Dk; E}iyAk; ve;j Chpy; epWtpdh;?
ghbdhh;. tlY}hpy;
tbTil khzpff ; khiy> vOj;jwpAk; 250) ,uhkypq;fh; mUspa ghly;fs;
ngUkhd; khiy vt;thW epiwe;jit?
mUl; f Uiz
221

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251) ,uhkypqf ; h; MWnjhFjpfs; nfhz;l 258) ts;syhh; gjpg;gpj;j E}y;fs;:

ghly; f is vt; t hW kf; f s; 1. rpd;ka jPgpif
Nghw;Wfpd;wd? 2. xoptpnyhLf;fk;
jpUtUl; g h 3. njhz;l kz;ly rjfk;
252) ghujpahh; ,uhkypq;fiu vt;thW 259) ,aw;wpa ciueil E}y;fs;:
Nghw;wpdhh;. 1. kDKiw fz;l thrfk;
'GJnewpfz; l Gyth;”
2. [PtfhUz;a xOf;fk; jpUtUl;gh
253) ts;syhh; ----------- kpf;fth;.
(MW jpUKiwfs;)
nkhopg; g w; W
254) mUl;gpufhr ts;syhh; ve;j Mz;L mNahj;jpjhrg; gz;bjh;;
ijg;g+rj; jpUehsd;W ,wthepiy (Jizg; g hlk; )
va;jpdhh;? 260) E}w;iwk;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Kd;
1874 jkpofj;jpy; gpwe;J> khngUk; khw;
255) epug; G f:-
wq;fs; epfo;tjw;F tpj;jpl;lth; ahh;?
m) ,uhkypq;fh; jkpo;nkhopNa ----
fhj;jtuhad; vd;Dk; mNahj;jp
------------ jUk; vd;W fUjpdhh;?
jhrg; gz;bjh;
,wthjepiy
256) chpa tpiliaj; Njh;eJ ; vOJf:- 261) fhj;jtuhad; vd;Dk; mNahj;jp
m) “cynfyhk; czh;e;J Xjw; jhrg; gz;bjh; kf;fs; vy;yhUk;
fhpatd;" vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly; vt;thW Nghw;wpg; Gfo;eJ ; s;sdh;?
,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y; ---------------- njhd;dpe;jpar; r%fr; rPh;j;jpUj;
nghpaGuhzk; jj;jpd; je;ij
M) ts;syhhpd; ,aw;ngah; -------- 262) ,tuJ ew;fUj;Jfs; ve;j ehLfspy;
,uhkypq; f h; gRkuj; jhzpaha;g; gjpe;Js;sd.
257) ts;syhhpd; gd;Kf Mw;wy;fs;:- jkpofk; > ik#h; > Me; j puk; >
1. rpwe;j nrhw;nghopthsh; jpUtpjhq;$h;> gh;kh> kNyrpah>
2. Nghjfhrphpah; M];jpNuypah> njd;dhg;gphpf;fh>
3. ciuahrphpah; ,yq; i f.
4. rpj;jkUj;Jth; 263) mNahj;jpjhrg; gz;bjh; ve;j efhpy;
5. grpg;gpzp Nghf;fpa mUshsh;
gpwe;jhh;?
6. gjpg;ghrphpah;
nrd;id Mapuk; tpsf;fpy; cs;s>
7. E}yhrphpah;
kf;fpkh efhpy;
8. ,johrphpah;
264) mNahj; j pjhrg; gz; b jh; ve; j
9. ,iwad;gh;
10. Qhdhrphpah; Mz;L> ehs; gpwe;jhh;?
11. mUshrphpah; 1845 Mk; Mz;L Nk jpq;fs;
,Ugjhk; ehs;.
222

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265) mNahj;jpjhrg; gz;bjh; je;ij 275) Gj;jkjf; fUj;Jfis vLj;Jiuj;jth;

ngah;. ahh;?
fe; j rhkp mNahj; j pjhrh;
266) mNahj;jpjhrg; gz;bjh; ngw;Nwhh; 276) mNahj;jpjhrh; gpwe;j kfd; ---------
,l;l ngah; vd;d? ngah; #l;b kfpo;e;jhh;?
fhj; j tuhad; gl;lhgpuhkd;> khjtuhk;> rhdfpuhkd;>
267) gs;spf;Fr; nrd;W fy;tp fw;Fk; ,uhrhuhk;
NghJ mth; gpQ;R neQ;rpy; eQ;rha; 277) mNahj;jpjhrhpAla kfSf;F vd;d
ve;j nfhLik ,wq;fpaJ? ngah; #l;b kfpo;e;jhh;.
jPz;lhikf; nfhLik mk;gpfhNjtp vd;Wk;> khahNjtp
268) tP.mNahj;jpjhrg; gz;bjh; vd;gthplk; 278) rpj;j kUj;Jtj;jpy; ifNjh;ej ; jhy;>
ahh; fy;tp fw;wdh;? mNahj;jp jhriu vt;thW miof;fg;
fhj; j tuhad; ngw;whh;?
269) fhj;jtuhad; vij gapd;whh;? kUj;Jth; vd;Dk; gz;bjh; vd;Wk;
rpj;j kUj;Jtk; 279) jho;jj ; g;gl;l kf;fSf;Ff; fy;tp
270) fhj;jtuhad; gilj;j ftpijiag; fw;f mDkjp kWf;fg;gl;l #oypy;
gpw;fhyj;jpy;> jhk; njhlq;fpa ve;j ve;j rig Vw;gLj;jpdhh;?
,jopy; ntspapl;lhh;. gpuk; k Qhdrig
xU igrhj; jkpod; 280) nrd;idapy; Kf;fpakhd Ie;J
271) fhj;jtuhad; ,aw;ngaiu tpLj;J ,lq;fspy; My;fhl; (1832 - 1907)
ahUila ngaiu #l;bf; nfhz;lhh;? ------------- vdj; jypj; J fSf; F
Mrphpah; mNahj;jpjhrg; gz;bjh; ,ytrg; gs;spfis epWtpdhh;?
272) fhj; j tuhad; eP y fphp kiyg; gQ;rkh; gs;spfs;
gFjpapy; thOk; Njhlh; ,dg; 281) xU igrhj;jkpod; vd;w ,jo; ve;j
gphptpy; ve;j jpUkzk; nra;J Mz;L Kjy; nrd;id
nfhz;lhh;? ,uhag;Ngl;ilapy; ,Ue;J Gjd;
fyg;G jpUkzk; NjhWk; ehd; F gf; f q; f Sld;
273) vj;jid Mz;Lfs; mNahj;jpjhrg; ntspte;jJ.
gz;bjh; ,uq;$d; nrd;W tho;ej ; hh;. 19.06.1907
gj;J Mz;Lfs; 282) kUj; J t Muha; r ; r papd; g b> vs;
274) mNahj;jpjhrh; ve;j kjf; fUj;Jfis nrbapd; tpijapypUe;J nea; fz;L
Mo;eJ ; fw;wth;? gpbj;j jpUehNs jPghtsp vd;W
,e; J kjk; GjpaNjhh; tpsf;fk; je;jth; ahh;?
mNahj; j pjhrh; gz; b jh;
223

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283) ve;j ehl;by; ,d;Wk; Efh;nghUs; 290) ntz;ghtpd; nghJ ,yf;fzk;?

fz; L gpbg; G j; jpUehshfj; j hd; 1. <w; w b Kr; r P u ha; Vida
jPghtspiaf; nfhz;lhLfpwhh;fs;? mbfs; ehw;rPuha; tUk;.
rg; g hd; ehl; b y; 2. ,uz;lb Kjy; gd;dpuz;L
284) mNahj;jpjhrg; gz;bjh; ve;j E}iy mbtiu tUk;.
,Ugj;njl;Lf; fhijfs; nfhz;l 291) ntz; g h vj; j id tifg; g Lk; ?
ngU E}yhf vOjpdhh;? mit ahit?
Gj;juJ MjpNtjk; ntz;gh MW tifg;gLk;.
285) Gj;juJ MjpNtjjk; rhd;whf Kjypa Fws; ntz;gh> Nehpir ntz;gh>
E}y;fisj; Jiz E}y;fshff; ,d; d pir ntz; g h> g/nwhil
nfhz;lhh;? ntz; g h> Nehpirr; rpe; j pay;
ngUq; F wtQ; r p> tP u Nrhopak; > ntz; g h> ,d; d pirr; rpe; j pay;
ed; D }y; tpsf; f k; > ehadhh; ntz;gh vd;gd
jphpFws; > rpj; j h; ghly; f s; > 292) xU tpfw;gj;jhDk; ,U tpfw;gj;
ituhf;fpa rjfk;> kr;r Kdpth; jhDk; tUtJ (Fws; - ,uz;lb)
Qhdk; . Fws; ntz;gh
286) mNahj; j pjhrg; gz; b jh; ve; j 293) Kjy; ,uz;lb> xU tpfw;gkhAk;>
nkhopfis JizAld; vOjpAs;shh;. filrp ,uz;lb xU tpfw;gkhAk;>
MjpNtjj;ijg; ghyp> Mq;fpyk; ehd; f bfSk; xU tpfw; g khAk;
287) tPukhKdptiug; Nghy; vOj;Jr; tUtJ vJ?
Nehpir ntz; g h
rPh;j;jpUj;jKk; nra;Js;sth; ahh;?
294) ntz; g htpd; nghJ ,yf; f zk;
mNahj; j pjhrg; gz; b jh;
ngw;W Ie;jb Kjy; gd;dpuz;L
288) ew;rhd;Nwhh; ve;j Mz;L> ve;j ehs;
mbtiu ngw;W tUtJ?
nghd; D ly; eP j ; J g; GfOlk; G
g/nwhil ntz; g h
va;jpdhh;?
295) xU tpfw;gj;jhDk; ,U tpfw;gj;
1914 Nk khjk; Ie;jhk; ehs;
jhDk; %d;wbfsha; tUtJ?
,yf;fzk; gh tiffs; Nehpirr; rpe;jpay; ntz;gh
289) gh vj;jid tifg;gLk; mit 296) ntz;ghtpd; %d;wb nfhz;ljha;j;
ahit? jdpr; nrhy;ypd;wp xU tpfw;gj;
gh ehd;F tifg;gLk;. jhDk; gy tpfw;gj;jhDk; tUtJ?
,d;dpirr; rpe;jpay; ntz;gh
mit: ntz;gh> Mrphpag;gh> fypgg
; h>
297) Mrphpag;ghtpd; tiffs;? mit
tQ;rpg;gh
ahit?
Mrphpag;gh ehd;F tifg;gLk;.
224

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Nehpir Mrphpag;gh> ,izf;Fws; 3 vs;/Sth; Neh;epiu $tpsk;

Mrphpag;gh> epiy kz;by Mrphp 4 nry;/tiu Neh;epiu $tpsk;
ag;gh> mbkwp kz;by Mrphpag;gh 5 vy;/yh/UQ; Neh;Neh;Neh;
298) <w;wayb %r;rPuhAk; gpw mbfs; Njkhq;fha;
ehw;rPuhAk; tUtJ? 6 nra;/th; Neh;Neh; Njkh
Nehpir Mrphpag; g h 7 rpwg;/G epiuNeh; epiuG
299) KjybAk; filrpabAk; ehw;rPh; gpwg;G
mbfshfTk;> ,ilapy; cs;s nkhopj;jpwd; gapw;rp:
mbfs; ,UrPh; (Fwsb) mbfshAk;
Kr;rhP ; (rPej
; b) mbfshAk; tUtJ? 304) kuGr;nrhw;fs;:-
,izf; F ws; Mrphpag; g h xypkuG
300) vy;yh mbfSk; ehw;rPh; mbfsha; MLfj;Jk;
tUtJ. Me;ij myWk;
epiykz; b y Mrphpag; g h vUJ vf;fhskpLk;
301) vy;yh mbfisAk; Kd;gpd;dhf fhfk; fiuAk;
khw;wp khw;wpg; gbj;jhYk; XirAk; eha; Fiuj;jJ
nghUSk; khwhJ tUtJ? fpsp NgRk;
mbkwp kz;by Mrphpag;gh Fjpiu fidf;Fk;
302) Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf:- Fapy; $Tk;
1) ntz;ghtpd; xir ------------- MFk;. Fuq;F myg;Gk;
nrg; g Nyhir $if FoWk;
2) Mrphpag;ghtpd; NtW ngah; --- rpq;fk; Koq;Fk;
---------- MFk;. Nfhop nfhf;fhpf;Fk;
mftw; g h ehp CisapLk;
3) Mrphpag;ghtpd; Xir ------------- Nrty; $Tk;
MFk;. Gyp cWKk;
mftNyhir Gwh FDFk;
303) G+id rPWk;
t.vz; rPh; mir tha;gg ; hL kapy; mfTk;
1 ,y;/yh/iu Neh;Neh;Neh; ahid gpspWk;
Njkhq;fha; tz;L FuYk;
2 vy;/yh/Uk; Neh;Neh;Neh; vyp fPrr; pLk;
Njkhq;fha;
225

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305) tpid kuG:- 18. Fkhud; - kfd;

mk;G va;jhh; 19. rhtp - jpwTNfhy;
jz;zPh; Fbj;jhd; 20. e\;lk; - ,og;G
Mil nea;jhh; 21. eh\;lh - rpw;Wz;b
ghy; gUfpdhs; 22. ghf;fp - epYit
ckp fUf;fpdhs; 23. f[hdh - fUt+yk;
g+g; gwpj;jhs; 24. tpQ;Qhdk; - mwptpay;
Xtpak; Gide;jhd; 25. [dq;fs; - kf;fs;
kuk; ntl;bdhd; 26. epGzh; - ty;Yeh;
$il Kile;jhh; 27. M];gply; - kUj;Jtkid
khj;jpiu tpOq;fpdhd; 28. B ];lhy; - NjePhf; f
; il
Rth; vOg;gpdhd; 29. g]; ];lhz;l-; NgUe;J epiyak;
KWf;Fj; jpd;whd; 30. Ngh];l; MgP];- mQ;ryfk;
nra;As; ,aw;wpdhd; 307) Fwpg; G :-
NrhW cz;lhd; rpyp ehl;by; xU Ruq;fk;. mJ
306) g+kpf;fbapy; <uhapuk; mb Mok;
vz; gpwnkhopr;nrhy; jkpo;r;nrhy; cilaJ. jhkpuKk; jq; f Kk;
1. mq;fj;jpdh; - cWg;gpdh; vLg;gjw;fhf ntl;lg;gl;l Ruq;fk;.
2. mjpfhhp - mYtyh; 308) ,izahd jkpo;g; gonkhopfis
3. mjpgh; - jiyth; mwpf:-
4. me;epah; - mayhh; 1. Manners Make the Man
5. mgpN\fk; - ePuhl;L xOf;fk; cah;T jUk;
6. mg+h;tk; - GJik 2. All is well that ends well
7. myq;fhuk; - xg;gid ey;y njhlf;fk; ey;y Kbitj; jUk;.
8. mDkjp - ,irT 3. Misfortunes never come single.
9. Mgj;J - ,lh; gl;lfhypNy gLk;> nfl;l FbNa nfLk;.
10. Muhjid - topghL 4. Do well what you have to do
11. MrPh;thjk; - tho;j;J nra;td jpUe;jr;nra;.
12. ,yQ;rk; - ifa+l;L 5. Every tide has its ebb
13. ,yhgk; - tUtha; Vw;wk; cz;lhdhy; ,wf;fk; cz;L.
14. cj;juT - Miz
15. cj;jpNahfk;- gzp
16. cgNahfk; - gad;
17. fpuhkk; - rpw;W}h;
226

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,ay; gj;J - nra;As; gilg;Gfshd 'Gul;rp Kof;fk;”

epw;f Neukpy;iy 'ciutPrR; ” Mfpa E}y;fs; jkpof
murpd; rpwe;j E}Yf;fhd ghpRfs;
309) rPf;fpuk; nry;Yf Neh;topapy; -
ngw;Ws;sd.
vd;Dk; ghliy ,aw;wpath; ahh;?
ciueil
rhiy. ,se; j piuad;
gy;Jiw Ntiytha;g;Gfs;
310) nrhw;nghUs;:-
m) nrj;ij - Fg;ig $sk; 314) 'tpidNa Mlth;f;Faph;” vd;gJ?
M) ,isg;ghWjy; - Xa;ntLj;jy; FWe; n jhif
311) gphpj; j wpjy; : - 315) 'Ke;ehP ; tof;fk; kf^c Nthby;iy”
m) fz;zpuz;L - fz; + ,uz;L vd;gJ?
M) XhpuT - Xh; + ,uT njhy; f hg; g pak;
312) Mrphpah; Fwpg; G :- 316) ngz;fs; ----------- nry;yf; $lhnjdTk;
rhiy. ,se;jpiuadpd; ngw;Nwhh; $wp te;jdh;.
,uhikah> md; d yl; R kp. ,th; fly; fle;J
gpwe;j Ch; jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lj; 317) ehs;NjhWk; ----------- cUthfpd;wd.
jpYs;s rhiyeapdhh; gs;spthry;. GJg;GJj; Jiwfs;
jpy;ypg; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; jkpo;j; 318) gzptha; g ; G f; F chpa fy; t pj;
Jiw jiytuhdhh;. cyfj;jkpo; jFjpfis gythfg; gFf;fyhk;
Muha; r ; r pf; fofk; > ,e; j pag; fPof
; hz;Nghk;.
gy; f iyf; fofj; jkpohrphpah; njhopw;fy;tp> njhopy; El;gf;fy;tp>
kd;wk;> jpy;ypj; jkpo; vOj;jhsh; fiy mwptpay; fy;tp> rpWnjhopy;
rq;fk;> cyfj; jkpo;g; gz;ghl;L fy;tp
,af;fk; Njhd;wf; fhuzkhdth; 319) njhopw;fy;tpj; Jiwfs; ahit?
rhiy.,se;jpiuad;. 1991 ,y; kUj;Jtk;> nghwpapay;> Ntshz;ik>
jkpof murpd; ghNte;jh; tpUJ rl; l k;
ngw;whh;. jk; tho;ehs; KOtJk; 320) Nkdpiyf; f y; t papy; Njh; r ; r p
jkpopd Kd; N dw; w j; j pw; fhd ngw;wth;fspd; gapw;rp?
gilg;Gfis toq;fp vOr;rpa+lb ; dhh;. ,ilepiyahrphpah; gapw; r p>
,th; tho;e;j fhyk; 06.09.1930 - nrtpypah; gapwr ; p> $l;LwTg; gapwr
; p
04.10.1998 %yk; Ntiy tha; g ; G fisg;
313) E}w; F wpg; G :- ngwyhk;.
ghlg;gFjpapy; te;Js;s ftpij>
'g+j;jJ khDlk;” vd;Dk; ftpijj;
njhFg;gpy; cs;sJ. rhiyahpd;
227

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321) jkpo; topapy; gapYk; khzth; 327) ve;j gzpfSf;Fk; clw;$W jFjp
fSf;F muRg; gzpfspy; vt;tsT Ailath;fs; kl;LNk Nru ,aYk;?
tpOf;fhL xJf;fpj; jkpof muR Xl;Leh;> elj;Jeh;
Miz ntspapl;Ls;sJ? 328) 'tpuy;fs; gj;Jk; %yjdk;' vd;Dk;
,UgJ tpOf;fhL ghlypd; Mrphpah; --------------
322) gl;lk; ngw;wth;fs; ve;j Jiwfs; jhuhghujp
elj; J k; Nghl; b j; Njh; T fspy; 329) ngUk;ghyhd gzpfSf;F mbg;gilj;
fye;J nfhz;L ntw;wp ngw;Wg; jFjp vJ?
gy;NtW Ntiy tha;g;Gfisg; gd; d puz; l hk; tFg; G
ngwyhk;?
Jizg;ghlk; - E}yfk;
jkpo;ehL muRj; Njh;thizak;>
eLtzuRj; Njh;thizak;> 330) goq;fhyj;jpy; kf;fs; jkJ vz;zq;
tq;fpj;Jiw> MAs; fhg;gPl;Lj; fisAk; nra;jpfisAk; ntspg;
Jiw> njhlh; tz;bj;Jiw. gLj;Jtjw;Ff; ve;j gytifg;
323) muRg; g zpf; f hff; fhj; j puhky; nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jpdh;?
mtuth; ------------- njhopy; njhlq;fpg; fw;ghiwfs;> fspkz; gyiffs;>
gyUk; Ntiy tha;g;igg; kug;gl;ilfs;> Njhy;fs;> Jzpfs;>
ngUf;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;. gid Xiyfs;
Ra njhopy; 331) gid Xiyfisg; gjg;gLj;jp -----
324) Ranjhopy; njhlq;Ftjw;F vd;d --------- Xiyr; Rtbfshf;fpdh;.
cjtpfs; muR mspf;fpwJ? vOjj; j f; f
topfhl;Ljy;> gapw;rpfs;> 332) cyf ,yf;fpaj; Jiwapy; epfo;ej ;
flDjtpfs; xU khngUk; Gul; r p --------------
325) ,uhZtk;> fhty;Jiwapy; Nru fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ.
Kjypy; ----------- Njh;T eilngWk;? fhfpjk;
clw; $ W 333) cyfehLfs; midj;jpYk; fle;j
326) ---------------> -------------- vd;Dk; jpU%yh; rpy E}w;whz;Lfshf --------------> ---
thf;Fgb Kiwahf ,uhZtk;> ---------- fhfpjq;fisNa gad;gLj;jj;
fhty; J iwapy; clw; g apw; r p njhlq;fpdh;?
nra;jth;fs; ,j;Njh;tpy; ntw;wp vOjTk;> mr;rplTk;
ngw ,aYk;? 334) gz;ilaf;fhyj;jpy; fy;tpawpT
clk; i g tsh; j ; N jd; : caph; ngw;Nwhhpd; vz;zpf;if vt;tsthf
tsh; j ; N jd; ,Ue;jJ?
FiwthfNt
228

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335) muz;kidfspYk; khspiffspYk; fUjg;gLthd; vd 'And]; Nfh”

klq; F fspYk; Nfhtpy; f spYk; $wpAs;sJ.
gbf; F k; Nehf; f pd; w pg; ngUik M) fphP]; efu muRfNs Kjd;
Nrh;f;Fk; Nehf;NfhL vij mLf;fp Kjyhf kf; f Sf; f hd E}y;
itf;fg;gl;bUe;jd? epiyaq;fis mikj;jd.
E}y; f s; ,) ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s E}yfq;
336) fy;tp vjid gfph;eJ ; nfhs;sj; fspy; fy;fj;jh Njrpa E}yfk;
J}z;baJ? Kjd;ik ahdJ. ,jpy;> gj;J
kf;fisj; jj;jk; vz;zq;fisAk;> ,yl;rj;jpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l E}y;fs;
tpise;j mwpitAk;. cs;sd.
337) E}y; nghJ E}yfj;jpy; itf;fg; 343) E}yfkpy; y h CUf; F -------------
gl;lhy; ----------- mJ gyh;f;Fk; vd;Dk; GJ nkhopAk; cz;ikia
gad;gLk;. tpsk;GfpwJ vd;gjid mwpQh;
gad;kuk; cs;Sh;g; gOj;jijg; Vw;Wf; nfhs;th;?
Nghd; W mwpT gho;
338) ,e; j pah cs; g l cyfehLfs; 344) ,e;jpahtpNyNa Kjd; Kiwahfj;
midj;jpYk; kf;fSf;fhd vd;d jkpof muR jhd; ve;j Mz;L
jpwf;fg;gl;ld? nrd;idg; nghJ E}yfr; rl;lj;ij
nghJ E}yfq; f s; ,aw;wpaJ?
339) E}yfj;jpd; gy;NtW ngah;fs;? 1948
Gj;jfr;rhiy> Vlfk;> Rtbafk;> 345) gs; s p vd; g J vij nfhz; L
Rtbr; r hiy> thrfrhiy> mwpit tpijf;Fk; fsk;.
gbg;gfk;> E}y; epiyak;> gz;lhuk;. ghlE}y; f isf;
340) E}yfk; vd;w nrhy;Yf;F ,izahf 346) ----------- mwpit tsh;jJ ; r; nrOikg;
Mq;fpy nrhy; jUf? gLj;Jk; kw;nwhU fskhFk;?
'iyg; u hp' E}yfNk
341) ,yj;jd P ; nkhopapy; 'ypg;uh' vd;Dk; 347) gs; s papy; khzth; f s; Xhplk; >
nrhy;ypw;Fg; vd;d ngah;? E}yfk; Ntwplk; vd;w epiyia
Gj; j fk; khw;w> ek; gs;spf; fy;tpj;Jiw ve;j
342) tFg;giw E}yfj; jpl;lj;ijj;
m) xU kdpjd; Mz;Lf;F 2000 njhlq;fpAs;sJ?
gf;fq;fshtJ gbj;jhy; jhd; 'Gj;jfg; g+q;nfhj;J”
md;whl cyf elg;Gfis mwpe;j
k d p j d h f f ; (Informative Man)
229

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348) NtW rpy tbtq;fspYk; E}y;fs; 7. kiwkiy mbfshh; E}yfk; >

cUkhw;wk; ngw;W E}yfg; nrd;id (1958)
gad;ghl;by; cs;sd? 8. kJiu fhkuhrh; gy;fiyf;fof
,izaj;js E}yfk;> FWtl;Lfs;> E}yfk; (1966)
kpd;dZ xsptl;L> Ez; RUs; 9. cyfj; jkpo; Muha;r;rp epWtd
349) E}yfj;jpy; cs;s E}y;fisf; --- E}yfk;> nrd;id
------------> ------------- ghJfhj;jy; ekJ (1970)
flikahFk;. 10. jQ;irj; jkpo;g; gy;fiyf;fof
fpopahkYk; > rpijTwhkYk; E}yfk; (1981)
350) ,yf;fzk; mzp
m) ghgpNyhdpahtpy; cs;s epg;g+h;
352) mzp vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;F vd;d
vd;w Chpy; fp.K.2000 Mz;bw;F
nghUs;?
Ke;ija Rkhh; 2500 fspkz;
moF
gyiffspy; vOjg; g l; b Ue; j
353) xU ghliyr; nrhy;yhYk; nghUshYk;
E}y;fspd; njhFg;G fz;nlLf;fg;
moF ngwr; nra;tJ vJ?
gl;lJ.
mzp
M) E}yfg; gad;ghl;bw;fhd
354) ,ay;ghf epfOk; epfo;rr ; papd; kPJ>
tpjpfis cUthf; f pj; je; j
ftpQh; jk; Fwpg;gpid Vw;wpf;
rPhf; hop rP.,uh.muq;fehjd; ,e;jpa
$WtJ.
E}yfj; je;ij vdg; Nghw;wg;
jw;Fwpg;Ngw;w mzp
gLfpwhh;.
355) jw;FwpgN; gw;w mzpia gphpjn; jOJf:
351) jkpofj;jpYs;s kpfg; goikahd
jd; + Fwpg;G + Vw;wk; + mzp
E}yfq;fs;.
356) Gfo;tJNghyg; gopg;gJk;> gopg;gJ
1. ruRtjp kfhy; E}yfk;> jQ;ir.
Nghyg; Gfo;tJk; ----------- mzp
(1820)
vdg;gLk;.
2. murpdh; fPo;j;jpirr; Rtb E}yfk;
tQ;rg;Gfo;r;rp mzp
nrd;id.
357) xU nrhy; ,U nghUs;gl mike;J
3. fd;dpkhuh E}yfk;> nrd;id (1869)
tUtJ
4. nrd;idg; gy;fiyf; fof E}yfk;
,ul;Lw nkhopjy;
(1907)
358) ,ul;Lwnkhopjy; mzpia vt;thW
5. mz; z hkiy gy; f iyf; f of
toq;Fth;?
E}yfk;. rpjk;guk;(1929)
rpNyil
6. lhf;lh; c.Nt.rh. E}yfk;> nrd;id
(1947)
230

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359) rpNyil vj; j id tifg; g Lk; ? 366) Kd;dh; te;j nrhy;> kPzL ; k; kPzL
; k;
mit ahit? te;J xNu nghUisj; jUtJ.
rpNyil ,Utifg;gLk; nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiy mzp
nrk; n khopr; rpNyil 367) ctikiaf; $wpg; nghUisg;
gphpnkhopr; r pNyil ngw itg;gJ ----------- MFk;.
360) xU nra;Aspy; xU nrhy; gphpT gpwpJ nkhopjy; mzp
glhky; epd;W> xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l 368) B.A.,- Bachelor of Arts - ,sq;fiy
nghUis jUtJ. M.A.,- Master of Arts - KJfiy
nrk; n khopr; rpNyil B.SC., - Bachelor of science -,sk; mwptpay;
361) xU nrhy; jdpj;J epd;W xU M.SC., - Master of science - KJ mwptpay;
nghUisAk;> mJNt gphpe;J epd;W B.COM., - Bachelor of commerce- ,sk;
NtnwhU nghUisAk; jUkhW tzpftpay;
mikj;Jg;ghLtJ. M.COM., - Master of commerce -KJ tzpftpay;
gphpnkhopr; r pNyil B.Lit., - Bachelor of literature - ,sq;fiy
362) nghUs; : - ,yf;fpak;
m) nra; - tay;> tPL B.Ed., - Bachelor of Education- , s k ;
M) gyif - gy tiffs; fy;tpapay;
,) jhs; - Kaw;rp M.Ed., - Master of Education -KJ fy;tpapay;
<) Ja;a - jq;f> mofhd Ph.D., - Doctor of philosophy - Kidth;
363) gpd; t U epiyazp vj; j id I.A.S.,- Indian Administrative service - ,e;jpa
tifg;gLk;? mit ahit? Ml;rpg;gzp
gpd;tUepiyazp %tifg;gLk;. I.P.S. - Indian police service - ,e; j paf;
mit:- fhty;gzp
1) nrhy; gpd;tUepiyazp I.F.S., - Indian forest service -,e;jpa tdg;gzp
2) nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp I.R.S., - Indian Revenue service - ,e; j pa
3) nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp tUtha;g;gzp

364) nra; A spy; Kd; d h; te; j nrhy; > B.E.,- Bachelor of Enginering -,sk; nghwpapay;
M.E.,- Master of Enginering -KJ nghwpapay;
kPzL; k; kPzL ; k; te;J ntt;NtW
B.Tech - Bachelor of Techology - ,sk; njhopy;
nghUisj; jUtJ.
El;gtpay;
nrhy; g pd; t Uepiy mzp
M.Tech - Master of Technology - KJ njhopy;
365) nra;Aspy; xNu nghUs; jUk; gy
El;gtpay;
nrhw;fs; tUtJ.
M.Phil., - Master of Philosophy - Ma;tpay;
nghUs; gpd; t Uepiymzp
epiwQh;
C.A.,- Chartered Accountant - fzf;fhah;
231

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nkhopahf; f k; 2. nja;tr; rpjk;guj; Njth cd;

rpj;je; jpUk;gp tpl;lhw;
369) ,izahd jkpo;g; gonkhopfis
ngha; itj;j nrhg;gdkhk; kd;dH
vOJf:-
tho;Tk; GtpA nkq;Nf
1. small rudders guide great ships
nka; itj;j nry;tnkq;Nf
rpW JUk;Gk; gy;Fj;j cjTk;.
kz;l yPfHjk; Nkil naq;Nf
2. you must walk before run
rpe;jpj;Jr; nray;gL if itj;j ehlf rhiy naq;Nf
3. Distance lends enchantment to the view apJ fz; kaf;Nf -
,f;fiuf;F mf;fiu gr;ir ,e;jg; ghliy mUspr; nra;jtH
4. Measure is a treasure gl;bdj;Jg; gps;isahh;
msTf;F kPwpdhy; mKjKk; eQ;R 3) f y ; t p a p d ; r p w g ; i g v L j ; J
5. Make hay while the sun shines ciuj;jtHfs;?
fhw;Ws;s NghNj J}w;wpf;nfhs; xsitg; gpuhl;bahh;> jpUts;StH
4) 'Nfby; tpOr; nry; t q; fy; t p
nahUtw;F khly;y kw;iw ait'
11 Mk; tFg;G (jkpo;;)
vd;W $wpatH ahh;?
ciueilg; gFjp
jpUts; S tH
1. fy; t pNa mopahr; nry; t k; -
5) “kd;dDk; khrwf; fw;ndhDQ; rPH
kiwkiyabfs;
Jhf; f pd; kd; d dpw; fw; N whd;
tpsf; f k; : -
rpwg; G ilad; - kd; d Df; F j;
nts;sj;jhy; mopahjjha; nte;jo
jd; N wr ky; y hw; rpwg; g py; i y
yhy; Ntfhjjha; murHfshYq;
fw;NwhHf;Fr; nrd;wtpl nky;yhQ;
ifg; g w; w g; g lhjjha; f ; nfhLf; f
rpwg;G" vd;W ghbatH ahh;?
nfhLf;f Fiwahjjha;f; fs;tH
xsitg; gpuhl; b ahh;
fSf;F mQ;r Ntz;LtJ ,y;yhj
6) 'tpyf; n fhL kf; f s; midaH
jha; ekJ mwptpDs;Ns ,Uj;jyhw;
,yq;F Ehy;
fy;tpg; nghUisg; ngWtjw;F
fw;whNuh Nlid atH”
kpfTk; Kaw; r pAilatHfsha;
fz; Z ila nud; g H fw; N whh;
,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd;W fy;tpNa
Kfj;jpuz;L
mopah nry;tk; vd;gjid
Gz;ZilaH fy;yh jtH
kiwkiy mbfshh; vLj;Jiuf;fpwhh;.
vd;W jpUtha; kyh;e;jUspath;
nts;sj;jhy; mopahJ nte; joyhy;
ahh;?
NtfhJ Nte;j uhYq;
jpUts; S t ehadhh;
nfhs;sj;jhd; KbahJ nfhLj;jhYk;
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7) Kw;fhyj;jpy; fy;tpapy; rpwe;J 14) nrtpahy; Efug;gLgit vit?

tpsq;fpa ngz;kzpfs; ahtH? Fz> myq;fhuq;fshfpa nrhw;
xsitahh; > g+jg; ghz; b ad; Ritfs;
kidtp> ngUe; Njtpahh;> fhiuf; 15) nghUl; Rit vj;jid tifg;gLk;?
fhyk;ikaH> kq;ifah;f; furpahh; xd;gJ tifg;gLk;
8) n g z ; f s ; f y ; t p a p y ; r p w e ; J 16) vJ mg;nghONj mfd;W tpLk;?
tpsq;fpAs;shh;fs; vd;gJ ahh; ehthw; Ritj;J cz;lit
$w;W %yk; njhpa te;Js;sJ? 17) vg;nghOJ epiyngw;W ,d;gk;
fk; g H gag;gJ vJ?
9) ngUj;j lq;fl; gpiwWjyhh;f; nfyhk; nrtpahw; Ritj; j J
nghUe; J nry; t Kq; fy; t pAk; 18) xd;gJ tifahd nghUl;Ritia
g+j;jyhy; tUe;jp te;jtHf; fPjYk; $W:
itfYk; tpUe;J kd;wp tpistd eif> mtyk;> ,opg;G> tpag;G>
ahitNa vd;W $wpath;? mr;rk;> tPuk;> ntFsp> ctif>
fk; g H rkdpiy vd;gd
10) mopah nry;tk; vJ ------------- 19) tpopahYk; > RitahYk; Efug;
fy; t p gLitfs; vit?
11) mopahr; nry;tkhfpa fy;tpia nghUl; Ritfs;
ehk; vt; t hW gad; g Lj; J tJ 20) xd;gJ RitAs; rkdpiyahtJ
KiwahFk; vd;gij vjd; %yk; vJ?
mwpayhk;. rhe; j k;
“fw; w wpthh; fz; l J mlf; f k; 21) rhe;jk; vd;gJ ahJ?
mlq;fhjhh; nghr;rhe;Je; jk;ik Ik;nghwpAk; mlq;fg; ngw;Wg; gpwH
Gfo;e;Jiug; ghh;" itapDk;> tho;j;jpDk; thshw;
NghopYk;> jhspy; tzq;fpDk;>
2. tPur;Rit:-
kde;jhpahJ mtw;iwr; rkkhff;
e.K.Ntq; f lrhkp ehl; l hh;
nfhz;L epw;Fk; epiyikNa
12) Rit vd;Dk; jkpo;r; nrhy;Yk;> - rhe;jk; vdg;gLk;.
----------- vd;Dk; tlnrhy;Yk; xNu 22) Rit vd;gJ --------- vd;W $wg;gLk;.
nghUs; cilad. nka; g hL
u]k; 23) njhy;fhg;gpaH --------- vd;gjid
13) ehtpdhy; czug; g Lk; Rit ngUkpjk; vd; D Q; nrhy; y hw;
vj;jid tifg;gLk;? Fwpf;fpd;wdh;?
MW tifg;gLk; tP u k;
233

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24) ve;j nrhy;yhy; tPuk; Fwpf;fg; 33) tPuUf;F vJ Njhy;tpahf mikAk;

gLfpwJ? vd;W jpUts;StH $Wfpwhh;?
ahtnuhLk; xg;g epyy ; hJ Nkk;gl;L giftiu ntFz;L Nehf;fpa fz;
epw; w ypd; ngUkpjk; vd; D k; mth; Nty; nfhz;L vwpAkplj;J
nrhy;yhy; tPuk; Fwpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,ikj;J tpLkhapDk; tPuh;f;F
25) ngUkpjk; gpwf;Fk; ehd;F nray;fs; mJ Nt Njhy;tpahFk;.
ahit? $w; W ld; W Nky; t hpDk; $b
fy;tp> jWfz;> ,ir> nfhil najpH epw;Fk;
26) nfhil tPuj;ijAk;> gil tPuj;ij Mw; w yJNt gil vd; f pwhh;
Ak; vLj;J fhl;Lk; ghl;L ts; S tH
nky;y te;njd; ey;yb nghUe;jp 34) thNshL tlf;fpUe;J capH ePjj ; td;
<nad ,uf;Ft uhapd;> rPUil ahh;?
KuRnfO jhaj;J muNrh jQ;rk; fhpfhyNdhL Nghh; Ghpe;j ngUQ;
,d;Dap uhapDk; nfhLf;Fntd;. Nruyhjd; vd;Dk; Nru kd;dd;
vd; W eyq; f ps; s p vd; w Nrho 35) j k p o ; k f ; f s p d ; , i z a w ; w
kd;dd; giftUld; Nghh; tPuTzh;rr ; pf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ve;j
njhlq;F Kd; $Wjy;. Ehypy; cs;sd?
27) ghhpapd; MUapH ez;gH ahh;? GwehDhW
fgpyH 36) gifth; Nkw; nra;Ak; tz;fz;ik
28) gwk;ehL vj;jid CHfis cilaJ? iag; ------------ vd;W nrhy;tH.
Ke;EhW CHfis cilaJ
Nguhz; i k
29) Ke;EhW CHfisAk; ahh; ngw;wdh;?
37) N g u h z ; i k n a d ; g j W f z ;
ghprpyH ngw; W tpl; l dH
xd;Ww;wf; fhy;
30) cyfj; J NtW vk; n khopapYk;
Cuhz;ik kw;wjd; v/F
fhzg;glhjJ vJ?
vd;w Fws; ,uhtzd; Nghhpy;
nghUspyf; f zk;
Njhy;tpAw;W ,Uf;Fk; NghJ ,uhkd;
31) nghUspyf;fzk; vj;jid gphpTfis
,d;W Ngha; ehis tUtha; vd
cilaJ?
mUs; Ghpe;jdd; vd;Dk; nra;jpia
,U gphpTfis cilaJ.
fk;gehlhh; njhptpf;Fk;
1. mfg; nghUs;> 2. Gwg; nghUs;
32) mt;tpU tif ,yf;fpa ,yf;fzq; 3. fhsj;jpNtlDk; fq;if
fshYk; czHj;jg;gLtd ahit? NtlDk; - uh.gp.NrJg; g ps; i s
mwk;> nghUs;> ,d;gk;> tPL vd;Dk;
38) ahuhy; NtlH Fyk; ngUikAw;wJ?
cWjpg; nghUs;fSf;F VJthfpa fhsj; j p Ntld; fz; z g; g d;
fhjnyhOf;fk;> tPunthOf;fk; kw;Wk; fq;if Ntld; Ffd;
234

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39) fhsj;jp Ntld; ahh;? 50) f q ; i f f i u a p N y , u h k i d

fz; z g; g d; NrHe;jtd; ahh;?
40) fq;if Ntld; ahh;? Ffd;
Ffd; 51) fp\;fpe;ijapy; ,uhkid NrHe;jtd;
41) Njthuj;jpYk;> jpUthrfj;jpYk; ahh;?
ahUila ngUik Ngrg;gLfpwJ? Rf; h P t d;
fz; z g; g d; 52) ,yq;ifapy; ,uhkid NrHe;jtd;
42) irt rkaj;ij epiy epWj;jpa ahh;?
ehy;tUf;Fk; Ke;jpatd; ahh;? tpgP \ zd;
fz; z g; g d; 53) ifk;khW fUjhj md;gpd; ePHikia
43) fhsj;jp ehjid tzq;fpatH? ed;F tpsf;fpf; fhl;batd; ahh;?
jpUQhd rk;ge;jH Ffd;
44) ve;j Ntlid fUthff; nfhz;L 54) tpgP \ zd; ,uhkid mile; J
fq;if Ntldhfpa Ffid fk;gH vijg; ngw;whh;?
tbj;Js;shh;? ,yq; i fauirg; ngw; w hh;
fhsj;jp Ntlid 55) Rf;ht P d; ,uhkid mile;J vijg;
45) Nfhriy ehl;L ,sturd; ahh;? ngw;whh;?
,uhkd; fp\; f pe; i j
46) tlnkhop fhtpaj;jpy; ,uhkid 56) rPijf;fhf fhl;by; ,uhtzDld;
fhz Ffd; tUtJ vt;thW Nghh; Ghpe;j fOfpd; Nte;jd; ahh;?
$wg;gl;Ls;sJ? rlhA
XH murd; kw; N whh; murid 57) “jd;DapH Gfo;f;F tpw;w rlhA"
fhz tUfpd;w jd;ikapy; vd;W nrhy;ypa nrhy;ypd; nry;td;
47) fk;gH Ffid vt;thW mikj;jpUf; ahh;?
fpwhh;? mDkhd;
Mz;ltidf; fhzr; nry;Yk; 58) gujid vjpHj;J Nghhpl;ltd; ahh;?
mbatdhf Ffd; Nfhyj;ijj; Ffd;
jpUj;jp mikj;Js;shh;. 59) Ffidg; NghyTk;> rlhA NghyTk;
Njth epd;foy; Nrtpf;f te;jndd; ,uhkDf;fhf caph; Jwf;fTk;
ehtha; Ntl;Ltd; ehabNad; ,aytpy;iy vd tUe;jpatd;?
48) Ffd; vLj;J nrd;w nghUs;? Rf; h P t d;
NjDk;> kPDk;
49) ,iwtdplk; gad; fUjh gf;jp
g+z;ltHfs;?
Ffd; kw;Wk; fz;zg;gd;
235

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60) md;gHfSf;F fyq;fiu tpsf;fkhf 63) tlnkhopapd; 'Mjp fhtpak;' vd;W

mike;jtHfs; ahh;? Gfog; ngWtJ?
fhsj;jp NtlDk; thd; k P f papd; ,uhkhazNk
fq;if NtlDk; 64) fpNuf; f Hfs; goq; f hg; g pak; vd
61) y - s- o xyp NtWghL ghuhl;LtJ?
myF - gwitapd; %f;F N`hkH ghba ,ypal;
msF - ngz; kapy; vd; g ijahFk;
moF - ftpd;> tdg;G> vopy; 65) nkdy]; vd;w murh; ngUkhdpd;
miy - fly; miy mofpa kidtpapd; ngah?
mis - Gw;W n`yd;
mio - $g;gpL 66) n`yid rpiw vLj;jtd; ahh;?
,iy - kuk;> nrb> nfhbfspd; ghhp]; vd;w ,ypa ehl;L ,sturd;
,iy 67) ,yj;jPd; nkhopapy; goq;fhg;gpak;
,is - (cly;) ,isj;jy; vJ?
,io - Ehy; tH[py; vd;w ghthzh; ghba <dpl;
fiy - ftpd; fiyfs; 68) <dpl; ahUila tuyhw; w pid
fis - ePf;F> gapHfis $WfpwJ?
fio - %q;fpy; <dpa]; vd;w murH ngUkhdpd;
jiy - xh; cWg;G tuyhw; w pid
jis - tpyq;F 69) jkpopyf; f pa tuyhw; w py; Kjy;
jio - jioj;jy; Kjyhf fhg;gpak; vdr; rpwg;Gwj;
typ - typik> typj;jy; Njhd;wpaJ vJ?
tsp - fhw;W rpyg; g jpfhuk;
top - ghij 70) Fbkf;fs; fijahf tpsq;FtJ vJ?
rpyg; g jpfhuk;
4. Fbkf;fs; fhg;gpak; -
Nfhtyd; Fbkf;fSs; xUtd;
nj.ngh.kP d hl; r p Re; j udhh;
khjtp - guj;ijahpy; xUj;jp
62) Kb kf;fs; fijfs; ahit? ,tHfSila rpff ; y; tho;fi; fNa
tpf;fpukhjpj;jd; fij rpyg;gjpfhur; rpj;jpuk;
kjdfhkuhrd; fij 71) Fbkf;fs; tuyhNw Mjp fhg;gpakhf
jpUtpisahly; f s; ve;j ehl;by; mike;J tpsq;FfpwJ?
esd; fij jkpo; ehl;by;
mhpre;jpud; fij 72) rq;f fhyNk ------------ fhyk; MFk;.
JhpNahjdd; fij Gul; r p
,uhkH fij
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73) Nfhtyd; fz; z fpapd; fhjy; 77) fz;zfpf;fhf gj;jpdp Nfhl;ltd;

tho;it fhl;LtJ? vLj;jtd; ahh;?
Gfhh; fhz;lk; fathF kd; d d;
74) fztid ,oe;j fz;zfpNa mtyr; 78) Kbkf; f s; tho; t py; fhZk;
Ritapd; Moj;ij vLj;Jf; fhl;LtJ? rpwg; G f; f s; vy; y hk; Fbkf; f s;
kJiuf; fhz;lk; tho;tpy; fz;lhy; ----------- ,dpf;Fk;.
75) fz;zfpf;fhf vLj;j fy;ypid fhg; g pak;
tlmurH jiy kPJ Vw;wp te;j 79) rpyg;gjpfhuk; ------------ fhg;gpak;
nrq;Fl;LtdJ tPuj;ij ghLtJ? MFk;.
tQ;rp fhz;lk; Kj; j kpo;
76) u - w- xyp NtWghL
5. Xa;T - NguwpQH mz;zh
mhp - jpUkhy;> rpqf
; k;> fha;fis mhp
mwp - mwpe;J nfhs; 80) ahUf;F Xa;T Neuk; Ntz;Lk;?
myhp - myhpg;g+ ghLgLgtDf; F Xa; T Neuk;
mywp - mOJ Ntz; L k;
,uj;jy; - gpr;irnaLj;jy; 81) NtiyNa ,y;iy> ehnsy;yhk;
,wj;jy; - rhjy; thshtpUf;fpwhd;?
cuT - typik Xa;T my;y mJ nfhLik
cwT - Rw;wk; 82) Ntiy ,Uf; f pwJ - Ntiy
ciu - nrhy; nra; a hky; thshtpUf; f pwhd;
ciw - jiyaiz ciw mjw;F ----------- vd;W ngah;.
vhp - jP Nrhk; g y;
vwp - tPR 83) Ntiy ,Uf;fpwJ - Ntiy nra;j
fhp - ahid mYg;gpdhy; Ntiy Neuk;
fwp - fha;fwp> kpsF Kbe; j Jk; fl; i l Nghy fP N o
Fuq;F - thduk; tpOfpwhd; Jhq; f p tpLfpwhd;
Fwq;F - njhil mjw;Fg; ngaH -
$iu - tPlL ; f; $iu Nrhh; T
$iw - Jzp 84) xU NtiyAk; nra;a Ntz;ba
rPhpa - rpwe;j epiyapy; ,y;iy vg;NghJk; Rk;kh
rPwpa - rpde;j ,Uf;fpwhd;. mjw;Fg; ngaH?
guit - fly; xa; a huk;
gwit - gwg;githfpa caphpdk;
kiu - khd;> jhkiu
kiw - Ntjk;
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85) Nuhk; ehl;ltH Xa;T Neuj;ij 93) kdpj tho; f ; i fia gf; F tg;
vt;thW nrytpl;ldH? gLj;JtJ vjdpd; Nehf;fk;?
kw;Nghh;> thl;Nghh;> kpUfq;fSld; rkaj;jpd; Nehf;fk;
Nghhpl; L mitfis nty; t J 94) rka epajp kw;Wk; ePjp vJ?
Mfpatw;iw Xa;thf fUjpdh; xd;Nw Fyk; xUtNd Njtd;
86) fpNuf;fHfs; Xa;T Neuj;ij vt;thW 95) ghrg; gopKjy; gwpg;ghh; Nghy vd;W
nrytpl;ldH? $wpatH?
fhg;gpak; vd;w juk; ngw;w Gjpa Nrf; f pohh;
ehlfq; f is fhz; g J 96) Jd;g Neha;fF ; kUe;jhf miktJ?
87) ];ngapd; ehl;lthpd; Xa;T Neuk;? md; G
Kul;Lf; fhisAld; NghhpLtJ 97) md;G tpijia tpijg; Ngdhf
88) goe;jkpoH jkJ Xa;T Neuj;ij vd;Wk; kf;fs; vd;dplk; md;G
vt;thW nrytpl;ldH? nrYj;Jtjw;F Kd; ehd;
VWjOTjy;> kw;Nghh; mth;fsplk; md;G fhl;LNtd; vd;W
89) ,q;fpyhe;J ehl;lthpd; Xa;T Neuk; nrhd;dtH ahh;?
vt;thW nrytplg;gl;lJ? mh;r; /gpuhd;]p]; vd;w nghpahh;
Nfhopr; rz;il> fubr; rz;il 98) KfkJ rhNfgpd; mUs; thf;F vJ?
90) vOr;rp juj;jf;f nghOJ Nghf;fhff; “gpwH md;G ghuhl;lhkYk; gpwH
vij nfhz;Ls;sJ mnkhpf;fh? md;Gf;F ghj;jpukhfhkYk;
Fj; J r; rz; i lf; f hf ngUk; ,Ug;gtdplk; ew;Fzq;fs; ,uh"
gzk; nrytplg;gl;L tUfpwJ 99) Gdpj FH - Mdpd; cgNjrk; ahJ?
91) mz;zh xU rPhpa rpe;jidahsH khe; j H Fyk; xd; N w vd; g Jk;
vd;gjid ve;j fl;Liu mtHfs; midtUk; xU Fykhf
njspTg;gLj;JfpwJ? thof; flikgl; b Uf; f pd; w dH
Xa; T vd; g Nj Gdpj FH - Mdpd;
6. rkaq;fspd; nghJ ePjp - cgNjrk;
Fd; w f; F b mbfshh; 100) rPd Njrj;jpy; Njhd;wpa Qhdp ahh;?
92) rkak; vd;gJ ahJ? fd; g +\P a ];
kdpj cs;sq;fis ,d;g md;gpd; 101) cdf; F g; gpbf; f hj xd; i w eP
tpis epykhfj; jFjpg;gLj;jpg; gpwUf;Fg; gpbf;Fnkd;W epide;J
gf; F tg; g Lj; J k; jj; J tj; j pw; F nra;ahNj vd;W $wpatH ahh;?
tho;fi; f Kiwf;F rkak; vd;W fd; g +\P a ];
ngah;
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102) ,tH tw; G Wj; j pa ew; F zq; f s; kzk; - eWkzk;

vj;jid? kdk; - cs;sk;
Ie; J kiz - cl;fhUk; gyif
103) Rd; [ P vd; g J vj; j idahtJ kid - tPL
ew;Fzk;? khd; - Gs;spkhd;
Ie; j htJ Ke;ehs; - %d;W ehs;
104) rpj;jhh;jj
; iug; Gj;juhf;fpaJ vJ? Kd;dhs; - Ke;ija ehs;
md; G jhd; NjePH - Njapiy ePh;
105) ,e;J Ntjq;fSs; kpfTk; goikahd NjdPH - Njd; Nghy ,dpa ePH
Ntjk;? jpiz - xOf;fk;> epyk;
Hpf; Ntjk; jpid - jhdpatif
106) jkpo; kiw je;jth; ---------- fid - Fjpiu fidf;fpwJ
jpU%yH fiz - mk;G
107) jpUke; j puk; tFj; J ciuf; F k; 111) kuk; - kwk;
nra;jpfs; kdpjHf;F chpaJ kwk; (tPuk;)
rka tho;f;if epajpfs; md;Nwy; mtH kuk;!
xOf; f q; f s; 112) Cd; - Cz;
108) jpU%yH vLj;Jf; fhl;Lk; rka Cz; - caphpfspd; czT
topg;gl;l flikfs; vj;jid? Cd; - caphpfspd; cly; gFjp
ehd; F 113) fy; - kiyapy; ,Ug;gJ fy;
109) irt cyfj;jpd; nrQ;QhapW? fs; - gidapy; ,Ug;gJ fs;
mg; g ubfs; 114) guit - gue;J ,Ug;gjhy; fliyg;
110) e> z> -d xyp NtWghL guit vd;wdH.
mzy; - jhb gwit - gwe;J tUtjhy; Gs;
mdy; - neUg;G ,dj;ijg; gwit vd;wdH
Mzp - ,Uk;ghy; Md Mzp 115) ,uj;jy; - ,wj;jy;
Mdp - jkpo; khjk; gz;ila GyNthh; ,uj;jypDk;
Cz; - czT ,wj;jy; (capH tpLjy;) ed;nwd
Cd; - ,iwr;rp tho; e ; j dH.
fzk; - $l;lk; 116) ghp - gwp
fdk; - ghuk; mf;fhyf; fs;tHfs; ghp (Fjpiu
Ngz; - fhg;ghw;W apy;) te;J (topg;gwp) gwpj;jy;
Ngd; - jiyapy; thOk; Ngd; nra; j dh; .
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117) fhp - fwp uhgHl; rpnty;> lhf;lH fPy`hh;d>;

fhp mLg;gpy; fwp rikg;NghUk; lhf; l H gHdy; > lhf; l H g+yH>
cz; L lhf;lH \Pyl ; \
; ;
118) mhp - jpUkhy; 128) eLfy; tpoh gw;wp $Wk; Ehy;?
mwp - epid GwehD}W
119) gdp - gdpf;fhyk; 129) eLfy;ypd; Nky; Nghh;f;fsj;jpy;
gzp - Ntiy ,we;j tPudpd; ngaUk; ngUikAk;
120) fsp - fyp tiuag; g Lk; tof; f k; ,Ue; j J
esidg; gpbj;jpUe;j fyp vd;gij Fwpf;Fk; Ehy;fs; ahit?
eP q ; f paJ (rdp) mfehD}W> GwehD}W> kiyg;
esDk; fspg;gile;jhd; (kfpo;T) gLflhk;
121) tpiy - tpiy Fiwe;jJ 130) ,we;j tPuHfspd; eLfw;fspd; Nky;
tpis - tpisr;ry; kpFe;jJ nghwpf; f g; g l; l mtHfSila
122) xyp - nrtpahy; Nfl;gJ ngaUk; gPLNk ek; ehl;by; Kjypy;
xsp - fz;zhy; ghh;g;gJ Njhd;wpa ----------- MFk;.
123) tpsp - miog;G jkpo;f; fy;ntl;Lfs;
tpop - fz;tpop 131) filr; rq;fj;jpYk; eLfy; tof;fk;
124) xU - xU &gha; ,Ue;jij tpsf;Fk; Ehy;?
xWg;G - jz;lid jpUth&H Kk;kzpf; Nfhit
125) kdk; - kzk; 132) N r u k h d ; n g U k h s ; e h a d h h ;
kyhpd; kzj; j py; kdj; i jg; ,aw;wpaJ?
gwpnfhLj; N jd; jpUth&H Kk;kzpf; Nfhit
'gl;Nlhh; ngaUk; Mw;wYk; vOjp
7.fy;ntl;Lfs; -
el;l
; fy;Yk; %JhH ej;jKk;'
jp.ig.rjhrptg; gz; l huj; j hh;
133) mf;fhyf; fy;ntl;Lfs; ,f;fhyj;jpy;
126) rpw;Wsp nfhz;L fy;jr;rHfshy; vq;F fhzg;gLfpwJ?
nghwpf;fg;gl;lJ vt;thW nrQ;rpf;fLj;j jpUehjH Fd;wpYk;>
miof;fg;gLfpwJ? jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s
fy; n tl; L fs; vdTk; rpyhrh Miz kiyapYk;> jpUr;rpuhg;gs;sp
rdq; f s; vdTk; miof; f g; Fd;wpYk;
gLfpwJ. 134) fp.gp.Vohk; Ehw; w hz; L Kjy;
127) fy;ntl;Lfs; ek; jha; nkhopahfpa xd;gjhk; Ehw;whz;L tiu jkpo;
jkpopy; vOjg; ngw; w itfNs ehl;bd; Ml;rp Ghpe;jtHfs; ahh;;?
vd;gij mwpTWj;jpatHfs; ahh;? gy; y tH
Nky; ehl;L NguwpQHfs;
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135) ahh; Kjypy; fUq;fw; Nfhapy;fs; 142) JwTf;Fk; njhz;Lf;Fk; rpwe;j

mikj;jdH? vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsq;FtJ ahh;?
gy;yt murHfs; kzpNkfiy
136) nka;ff ; HP j;jp mikj;J Ml;rpahz;L 143) cz;b nfhLj;Njhh; caph; nfhLj;
tUk; Kiw ahuhy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg; NjhNu vd;W czTf; nfhil
gl;lJ? Ghpe;jtH?
Kjy; ,uhruhr Nrhodhy; kzpNkfiy
fp.gp.893 Mk; Mz;L 144) je;ij nfhLj;jDg;gpa nfhOQ;
137) nka; f ; f P H j; j pfNshL mike; j Nrhw;iwAk; nfhs;s tpUk;ghJ>
fy; n tl; L fs; vy; y hk; ve; j jw; n fhz; l hd; tsj; j pw; N fw; g >
Muha;r;rpf;F rpwe;j Mjuq;fshf ehSf; F xU Ntis czNt
,Uf;fpd;wd? cz;Zk; epiyia ve;jg; ghly;
tuyhw; W Muha; r ; r pf; F fhl;LfpwJ?
138) fy;ntl;Lfspy; Fwpf;fg;gLk; kq;fy ew;wpiz 10
thh;j;ij? 145) ehLtpl;L ehL nrd;W eak;glj;
];t];jp = JhJiuj;jtH
8. jkpof kfspH - xsitahh;
m.fhkhl; r p Fkhurhkp 146) tP l ; b Yk; khiyapy; ky; y pif
139) kidf;F tpsf;fhf tpsq;Fgts; kyh;ej ; Jk; tpsf;fpidNa ney;Yk;
------------ kyUe;Jhtp topg;gl;ldH ngz;fs;
ngz; vd;gjid ve;j Ehy; $WfpwJ?
140) tPlL ; tho;fi; fapYk; ehl;L tho;f; neLey; t hil
ifapYk; rpwe;J tpsq;fpatHfs;? 147) rq;f fhyj;jpy; Fbirf; ifj;
xsitahh; > Nfhg; n gUe; N jtp> njhopy;fs; vdg; nghpJk; Ngrg;gLk;
g+jg;ghz;bad; kidtp> fz;zfp> Ehy; Ehw;G> Xiy Ntiy
kzpNkfiy Kjypad eilngw;wd vd;gij
141) jkpof kfspH jk; fztd;khUf;Fg; tpsf;Fk; nrhw;nwhlHfs; ahJ?
ngUik Njbje;jijAk;> tPlb ; Yk; gUj;jpg; ngz;bh;> ,Uk; gdq;Fil
ehl;bYk; GfOld; nghypAk; kfspH vd;Dk; nrhw;nwhlHfs;
jkf;F kidtpauha; tha;g;gjNa 148) k h j t p a p d ; Mly; ghly;
ngUk; Ngwhf fUjpdH MltH jpwikfis $Wk; ghl;L?
vd;W $Wk; Ehy; vJ? mfehDhw; W ghly;
FWe;njhif ghly; (14)
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149) tpUe;Njhk;gypd; ngUe;jd;ikia 6) ehlfj; jkpOf;F rpwg;G tpsf;fk;

tpsf;FgtH ahh;? je;jJ vJ?
xy;fhg; Gfo; njhy;fhg;gpah; ,irj; j kpo;
150) mf;fhyj;jpy; tpUe;J vd;w nrhy; 7) ehlfj; jkpOf;F ,d;wpaikahJ
------- vdg; nghUs; gl;lJ. vJ?
GJik ,irj; jkpo;
12 Mk; tFg;G 8) ehlfj; jkpo; ahUf;fhf tFf;fg;
ciueilg; g Fjp:- gl;lJ?
ifapy; EhnyLj; J g; gbj; j w;
1. caHjdpr; nrk;nkhop Fhpa mtfhrkpy;yhj Ntiyf;
ghpjpkhw; fiyQH fhuHfSf;Fk; gbf;fj; njhpahj
tp.Nfh.#hpaehuhaz rhj; j phpahh; th; f Sf; F k; ey; y wpT Gfl; L k;
1) jkpo; nkhop vj; j id gphpT Nehf; N fhL GFj; j g; g l; l J.
fSilaJ? 9) cyfj;jpd; ,ay;gpid cs;sij
,ay;> ,ir> ehlfk; vd %d;W As;sthNw Gide;J fhl;LtJ vJ?
gphpTfisAilaJ ehlfj; jkpo;
2) ,aw;wkpnod;gJ ahJ? 10) rh];jpuf; fy;tpAilahh;f;Fg; ------
nghJikapd; ,Utif tof;fpDk; ,d;wpaikahNj
,aq;Ffpd;w trdKQ; nra;AS ghi\awpTk;
khFk; 11) jkpopd; topnkhopfs; vJ?
3) ,irj; jkpnod;gJ ahJ? njYq;F> fd;dlk;> kiyahsk;>
gz;nzhL fye;Je; jhsj;njhL JS
$baJ> ,jd; f z; > fP H j; j dq; 12) cz;zhl;L nkhopfs; ahit?
fSk; thpg; g hl; L fSk; > rpe; J > njYq;F> fd;dlk;> kiyahsk;>
Mde;jf;fspg;G> Fk;kp> njk;ghq;F JS
Kjypait mlq;Fk; 13) jdpnkhop vd;gJ ahJ?
4) vitnay;yhk; ,ir jkpohFk;? jhd; toq;Fk; ehl;bw; gapYk;
,ir EZf;fk;> jhs tifNahj;J kw;iwa nkhopfspd; cjtpapd;wp
,ilf;fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wpa Njthuk; jdpjJ ; ,aq;Fty;yNj jdpnkhop
,f;fhyj;J ntspg;gl;LyTfpd;w vdg;gLk;
fe;j Guhzf; fPHj;jid> nghpa 14) njd;dhl;LaH jdpr; nrk;nkhop
Guhz fPHj;jid> rq;fj P re;jphpif vJ?
5) ehlfj; jkpOf;F Kd;NdhLahf jkpo;
mike;jJ?
,irj; jkpo;
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15) jpirr; nrhw;fs; rhh;e;j nkhopfs; 20) rkurf; Nfhapiy tlYhhpy;

1. Fy;yh - ghh;]p mikj;jtH?
2. hpf;\h - [g;ghdp ,uhkypq; f Rthkpfs;
3. g[hh; - ghh;]p 21) mUl; ngUQ; Nrhjpia mUspr;
4. mykhhp - Nghh;r;RfPrpak; nra;jtH?
5. vf;fr;rf;fk; - njYq;F ,uhkypq; f Rthkpfs;
6. egh; - mugp 22) vJ cs;stiu rkurk; Qhdk; ngw
7. Ngdh - Nghh;RfPrpak; KbahJ?
8. ,dhk; - cUJ Ntw;Wik czHT cs;stiu
9. &gha; - ,e;J];jhdp 23) epWj;jw; Fwpfs;:-
10. [h];jp - cUJ 1. fhy; Gs;sp (>)
11. Jl;L - lr;R 2. miug; Gs;sp (;)
12. gPNuh - gpnuQ;R 3. Kf;fhy; Gs;sp (:)
13. fLjhrp - Nghh;r;RfPrpak; 4. Kw;Wg; Gs;sp (.)
16) kuGr; nrhw;fis mwpf: 5. Kg;Gs;sp (…)
gyhg;gpQ;R - gyh%R 6. Nfs;tpf; Fwp (?)
thiog;gpQ;R - thiof;fr;ry; 7. czr;rp Fwp (!)
KUq;ifgpQ;R - KUq;ifr;ruL 8. ,ul;il Nkw;Nfhs;Fwp (“ ”)
mtiug;gpQ;R - mtiug; nghl;L 9. xw;iw Nkw;Nfhs; Fwp (‘ ’)
khk;gpQ;R - khtL 10. jdp Nkw;Nfhs; Fwp (‘)
,se;Njq;fha; - tOf;if 11. Nkw;gb Fwp (“)
Kw;wpa Njq;fha; - new;W 12. gpiw milg;G ( )
2. rkurk; - jpU.tp.fypahz 13. rJu milg;G [ ]
Re; j udhh; 14. ,izg;Gf; NfhL (-)
15. rha; NfhL (/)
17) kdpjid vJ rkur Qhdpahf;F 16. mbf;NfhL (-)
tjpy;iy? 17. cLf;Fwp (*)
mOf;fhW> mth> ntFsp Kjypad 3.ftpij NguhrphpaH
18) mOf;fhW vd ftpQH Fwpg;gpLtJ v];.itahGhpg; gps;is
vJ? 24) t r d j ; j p w ; F k ; > f t p i j f ; F k ;
ehL> nkhop> rkanewp> rhjp ,yf;fzk; tFj;jtH?
19) e h L v d ; D k ; g w ; w h y ; v i j Nfhyhpl; [ ;
,of;fpd;wdH? 25) “nrhw; f is rpwe; j Kiwapy;
rkurk; (kw;w ehLfis jhf;F itg;gJ” vJ?
tjd; %yk;) trdk;
243

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26) rpwe;j nrhw;fis rpwe;j Kiwapy; 4. kf;fs; tho;f;if

itg;gJ vJ? 34) mf; f hy kf; f spd; ey; y pay; G
ftpij fshfTk; rpwe;j nfhs;iffshTk;
27) ftpijiag; gw; w p Nthh; l ; ] ; tpsq;fpatd ahit?
nthh;j;jpd; fUj;J? ,dpikahf NgRjy;> eLT
Mw;wy; epuk;gpa nrhw;fs; epiyikahf ,Uj;jy;> ,ad;w
jhkhfg; nghq;fp toptJ ftpij tiug; gpwHf;F cjTjy;> gpwH
28) fPl] ; ; vd;w ftpQH ftpijia gw;wp nra; j cjtpia vf; f huzq;
$WtJ? nfhz;Lk; vd;Wk; kwthjpUj;jy;
fhy;tha; ,y;yhj ,lj;jpy; nga;j 35) mf;fhy kf;fspd; njhopy; tiffs;?
xspkioNa ftpij vd;wdH coT> thzpfk;> nerT
29) [hd; u];fpd; ftpijia gw;wp 36) mf;fhy kf;fspd; xw;Wikapy;
$WtJ? jPhk
; hd nfhs;if vJ?
rP h pa czh; r ; r pf; F hpa fhuzq; “ahJk; CNu ahtUq; NfspH"
fisg; ghtdh rf;jpahy; 37) jk;NkhL gofpatHfs; jkf;F eQ;R
Fwpg; g LtJ ftpijahFk; Cl;bDk; mjid kwhty;
30) Ehjd Mq;fpy Ngufuhjp ftpijia cz; g hh; ? mij ve; j Ehy;
gw;wp vd;d $WfpwJ? tpsf;FfpwJ?
nra;As; newpapy; ,aw;wg;gLtNj ew; w piz
ftpij vd;W $WfpwJ “K e ; i j , U e ; J e l ; N l h h ;
31) ftpijapd; KjyhtJ ,ay;G vJ? nfhLg;gpd; eQ;Rk; cz;gH edpeh
KjyhtJ ,ay;G nra;As; fhpRH"
tbtpy; mike;jpUj;jy; 38) capH Neak; vd;gJ ,y;yhj tiu
32) ftpijapd; ,uz;lhtJ ,ay;G vd;W nrhy;tjw;F topapy;iy?
vJ? ehfhpfH
cyf cz; i kia fhl; b Yk; 39) fw; w tHfs; ve; j Ntw; W ikAq;
ghtdh rf;jpapd; ,ay;GfisNa fUjhky; kjpf;fg;gl;L te;jdH
Nkw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gij $Wk; Ehy;?
33) ,uhgHl; gl;ld; vd;gtH $WtJ GwehDhW
ahJ? 40) mf;fhy kf;fs; ----------- ia ,opthf
vy;yhf; ftpQHfSk; igj;jpaf; fUjpdH.
fhuh; f Ns ,uj; j y;
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41) ve;j Ehypd; %yk; mf;fhy kf;fs; xUikAld; epdJ jpUkyub

gpwH nghUis tpUk;GtJ ,y;iy epidf;fpd;w cj;jkH jk; cwT
vd;gij czuyhk;? Ntz;Lk;
FWe; n jhif NgR vd;gJ Vty; tpidKw;W
42) cyfk; ehlhfthtJ ,Uf;fl;Lk;: NgRf vd;gJ tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W.
fhlhfthtJ ,Uf;fl;Lk; vq;Nf Mq;fpyj;jpy; mUs; $He;J> jaT
ey;ytHfspUf;fpd;whh;fNsh mq;Nf nra;J NgRf vd;Dk; nghUspy;
mJTk; ey;yjhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;w tUk; Please speak vd;W nrhy;tijg;
fUj;J ,Uf;Fk; ghly; vJ? NgRf vd;W $wpdhw; NghJk; mNj
GwehDhW nghUisj; jUk;
ehlh nfhd;Nwh fhlh nfhd;Nwh Please speak - NgRf
mtyh nfhd;Nwh kpirah Please bring - nfhzh;f
nfhd; N wh Please type - jl;lr;R nra;f
vt;top ey;yt uhlyH 45) jkpopirapy; ,Ue;j ehd;F ,ir
mt;top ey;iy thopa epyNd Kiwfs; ahit?
43) xw;iwg; gpiwf;NfhL tUk; ,lq;fs;:- Maghiy> tl;lghiy> jphpNfhz
1. nkhop ngaHg;G: ghiy> rJu ghiy
njhiyf;fhl;rp (Television) vd;gJ 46) Vl;L Rtbfspy; --------- nra;jpfs;
,e;ehspy; Clfq;fspy; (Media) nghjpe;J itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ?
Kjd;ik ngw;W tpsq;FfpwJ rpj;j kUj;Jtk;
2. nghUs; $wy;: epiynkhop 5.MTe; jkpoUk;
(mjhtJ Kjypy; epw;fpd;w nkhop)
47) nkhop QhapW vd;W miof;fg;
3. nrhy;tU tpUj;jy;:-
gl;ltH ahh;?
kyub (jhkiu) kyH Nghd;w ghjk;
NjtNeag; ghthzH
44) ,ul; i lg; gpiwf; NfhL tUk;
48) jkpo; ehl; b y; jiy rpwg; g hf
,lq;fs;:-
Nghw;wg;gl;lJ vJ?
1. gythpfSf;Fg; nghJthd nra;jp
'M”
fz;zdJ fU epwk;
49) kf;fs; ehfhpfj;Jf;F chpa ehd;F
fz;zdJ moF - Mwhk;
epiyfs; ahit?
Ntw;Wikj; jw;fpoik
FwpQ;rp> Ky;iy> kUjk;> efuk;
2. fhy,lf; Fwpg;G:
50) ve;j epiyAilatUf;Nf 'M”
,lk;: jQ;rht+H
njhlHG ,Ue;jpUf;f $Lk;?
ehs; : 10.02.2004 gfu milg; G
FwpQ;rp epiy
tUkplk; thpf;F kpQ;rpa gFjp
245

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51) 'M” thdJ Kjd; Kjypy; ahh; 62) tP l ; i lj; Jg; G uT nra; a Tk;
epyj;jpw;Nf chpa tpyq;F? mLg;nghpf;fTk; gapUf;FukplTk; -
FwpQ; r p -------- cjTfpwJ.
52) Ml;ilAk; khl;ilAk; ngUthhp rhzk;
aha; tsHj;J mtw;wpd; CidAk; 63) rpwe;j czTk; kUe;Jk; vJ?
ghiyAk; cz;L tho;ej ; tHfs; japUk; NkhUk; ntz; n zAk;
Ky;iy epyj;jpy; ,Ue;j MaHfs; nea;Ak; ghypUe;J vLf;fg;gLtd
53) MaHfs; vij rpwg;ghf tsHe;jdH? 64) Kd;idj; jkpoH vij nry;tkhf
khl;il rpwg;ghf tsHe;jdH fUjp te;jdH?
54) jw;fhyj;jpy; 'M” vd;Dk; ngaH khl;bdj;ijr; nry;tkhf fUjp
ve;j ghiy Fwpj;jJ? te; j dH
ngz; ghiy Fwpj;jJ 65) ghy; Kjy; nea;aw P hfTs;s Ie;Jk;
55) ---- vd;gJ tpyq;Fg; nghJ ngah;> ----------- vdg;gLk;.
Fjpiug; ngaH IaKjk; (gQ;rhkpUjk;)
kh 66) jpiz tOTf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L
56) --- vd; D k; ngaNu M vd; W jUf:-
jphpe;jpUf;fyhk; 'vd; mk;ik te;jhs;
kh mtSf;Fg; Gy;ypL”
57) khL vt;thW Kf;fhukpLk; ----------- vd; mg;gd; te;jhd;
khmm mtDf;Fj; jz;zPH fhl;L
58) Ky;iy epyj;jpy; Njhd;wpaJ? 67) MTf;Fk; M Ntw;Wf;Fk; kf;fs;
coT ,l;l ngaHfs; ahit?
59) coT ve;j epyj;jpy; rpwg;gile;jJ? rhj;jd; rhj;jp> nfhw;wd; nfhw;wp>
kUj epyj;jpy; Kltd; Klj; j p> nfhLk; G w
60) “gfL ele;j $o;" vd;W $WtJ kUjd;> nfhLk;Gw kUjp
vJ? 68) khLNghYioj;jy; vd;Dk; nrhy;
ehybahh; tof;F vjdhy; vOe;jJ?
61) khl;bypUe;J ngwg;gLk; nghUs;fs; fhis kf;fl;fhf kpf
ahit? cioj; j ypdhy;
CDk; ghYk;> Njhy;> nfhk;G> 69) fhis tpliy vd;Dk; ngaHfs;
curid (Nuhrid)> thy;kapH> ahUf; F ctikahF ngauhf
rhzk; toq;fp te;jd?
kwtHf;Fk;> FWk;gurHf;Fk; toq;fp
te;jd
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70) ,isQhpd; typikia mwptjw;F 82) "epd; N fh thpD kpq; N f" vd; D
--------msitahff; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. kplj; j py; 'Nfh' vd; g J ahiu
VW jOty; Fwpf;Fk;?
71) Mokhd Mw; i w vijg; gw; w p je;ijiaf; Fwpf;Fk;
fle;jdH? 83) kpsF ePiur; (rhw;w KJ) rhj;jKJ
Mtpd; thiyAk;> M NtWtpd; vd;gJ ahUila kuG?
thiyAk; itztH kuG
72) MNtW vd;gJ ------- Fwpf;Fk;. 84) jPkpjpay; jpUtpohtpy; jPfF ; opiag;
fhisia ------- jP k pjpaiy ----- vd; W k;
73) tho;f me;jzH thdth; Mdpdk; nrhy;Yjy; kuG
vd;wth; ------------- G+f; F opnad; W k; > g+kpjpay;
jpUQhdrk; g e; j H 85) j p U k z k ; K j y p a k q ; f y
74) M tpw;F --------- vd;Wk; ngah;.
epfo;r;rpfSf;F fPw;W Ntatjid
Nfh
nfhl;lif vd;gJ ------------- kuG
75) vd; jh vd;Dk; tpid ,e;jpapy; -
nrl;b ehl;L
---------- vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
86) Mrphpaiu IaH vd;Nw miog;gJ
Njt;
-------- kuG
76) jh - vd;Dk; tpid ,yj;jd P py; -
NtYhh; Mk;g+H tl;lj;jhh;
--------- vd;W toq;fg;gLfpwJ.
87) mkpo; j j; i j cg; G r; r hW vd; W
Njh
$WtJ -------------- kuG
77) Nfhtd; vd;gJ ahiu Fwpf;Fk;?
murid Fwpf;Fk; rPuq;fk; Nfhtpy;
78) fpwpj;jthpd; rka MrphpaH Mq;fp 88) “Nfby; tpOr; nry; t q; fy; t p
yj;jpy; vt;thW miof;fg;gl;lhh;? nahUtw;F
Nka;g;gH vd;W miof;fg;gl;lhh; khly;y kw;iw ait" vd;Dk;
79) Nfhtd; -- rptd; Fws; $Wk; fUj;J
(Mad; Mepiuia fhg;gJ gz;ilAyfk; KOikAk; khNl>
Nghy; flTs; kf;fis fhj;J kf;fs; nry;tkhape;jJ mjdhy;
tUjy; ) nry;tk; khnldg;gl;lJ
80) Mkh vd;Dk; jkpo; nrhy; ----------- 89) czit tpistpg;gJk; jhDk;
Fwpf;Fk;. cztspg;gJk; vJ?
fhl;Lg; gRit khL
81) Nfh vd;Dk; Fiwr; nrhy; ahiu
Fwpf;Fk;?
muridAk;> je;ijiaAk;
Fwpf; F k;
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6. ePjp Ehy;fspy; 98) fPok ; f;fis -------- Mfpa giwf;F

,yf;fpa eak; xg;ghfr; nrhd;dhh;
jk; g l; l k;
90) ePjpfisf; $w vOe;jit?
99) fathplk; ,ufrpak; $wf; $lhJ
eP j pEhy; f s;
vd;w ePjpia tpsf;Fk; Fws;?
91) ,t;thW elf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W
miwgiw ad;dH fath;jhq; Nfl;l
tpjpj;Jk;> ,t;thW elf;ff; $lhJ
kiwgpwh;fF ; caj;Jiuf;f yhd;
vd;W tpyf;fpAk; nry;tJ ------vd;w
100) ,uz;lbapy; ePjpia $Wk; Ehy;?
Ehy;fspd; ,ay;G.
jpUf; F ws;
ePjp Ehy;fspd; ,ay;G
101) ehd;F mbapy; ePjpia $Wk; Ehy;
92) tho;fi ; fiar; rPHgLj;j mike;j
--------
Ehy; --------
ehybahh;
ePjp Ehy;fs;
102) nry;tk; epiyNgWilajd;W mopeJ ;
93) jkpopy; mwEhy;fspy; Kjd;ik
NghFe; jd;ikaJ vd;w fUj;ij
ahdJ?
tpsf;Fk; ghl;L --------
jpUf; F ws;
ehybg; ghl; L
94) ,ilf; f hldhh; Fwisg; gw; w p
103) tapw;iw tsHg;gjw;fhf ------- Ngrp
$wpa fUj;J ahJ?
jphpa Ntz;lhk;
“fLifj; Jisj;J Vo;fliyg;
,r; r fk;
Gfl;bf; FWfj;jwpj;j Fws;"
104) tapw;iw tsHg;gjw;fhf ,r;rfk;
95) rpwe;j eaq;fisj; jd;ghy; mlf;fpf;
Ngrp jphpa Ntz;lhk; vd;gij
nfhz;bUg;gJ vJ?
tpsf;Fk; ghly; vJ?
jpUf; F ws;
“Nghw; w pNa Nghw; w pNa nad; W
96) jpUts;StH jhd; fz;l nghpa
GJr;nry;tk;
fdtpd; topahf kf;fSf;F FWfpa
Njhw;wpahh; fz;nzyhk; njhz;Nl
mbfspy; ve;j Fwis mUsr;
Nghy; - Mw;wy;
nra;jhh;.
gapw; w pg; gapw; w pg; gyTiug; g
',ue;Jk; caph;tho;jy; Ntz;bw;
njy;yhk;
gue; J
tapw;Wg; ngUkhd; nghUl;L
nfLf cyfpaw;wp ahd; ”
105) yso NtWghL
97) ,uj;jy; nfhbaJ vd;w ePjpia
miy - fly; miy miye;J
fhl;l tpUk;Gk; Ehy;?
jphpjy;
jpUf; F ws;
mio - $g;gpL
mis - japH> gpir
248

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106) ,iy - kuk;> nrb nfhbfspd; 115) thiy - ,sk; ngz;

,iy thio - kutif
,io - nra;> Ehy; ,io this - kPdt
; if
,is - nkype;J Nghjy; 7. kdpjH tho;f - lhf;lH
107) ciy - rikf;f ciy itj;jy;> K.tujuhrdd;
ciyf;fsk;
cio - ghLgLjy;> ciog;G 116) rpWtd; vijg; Nghw;Wfpd;whd;
cis - gplhpkaph;> NrW gyifAk;> gy;g;gj;ijAk;
108) xyp - xir 117) goq;fhyj;jpy; ele;j NjHjy; Kiw
xop - mopj;JtpL> njhiyj;J tpL ahJ?
xsp - ntspr;rk;> gJq;fpnfhs; ifia caHj;Jtjd; %yk;> Fl
109) fiy - tpj;ij> fiye;JNghjy; Xiy %yk; NjHjy; eilngw;wJ
fio - %q;fpy; 118) ahh; tho; t jw; f hfNt kf; f s;
fis - taypy; fisnaLj;jy; fUtpahf gad;gl Ntz;bAs;sJ?
Kfj;jpd; xsp fl; r pfs;
110) fpyp - mr;rk;> gyk; 119) fl;rpfis fhg;ghw;w gad;gLtJ
fpop - Jz;lhf; fpopj;jy;> NfhL NkilfSk;> gj;jphpf;iffSk;
fpopj;jy; 120) kf;fs; goq;fhyj;jpy; ------- > -------
fpsp - xU gwit fz;L kaq;fpdhh;fs;
111) jiy - Kjd;ik> rpuR gilfisAk;> gilfUtpfisAk;
jio - Gy;> ,iy 121) ,d;iwa kf;fs; ----- > ------- Nfl;L
jis - fl;Ljy; kaq;fpwhh;fs;
112) jhyp - fztd; kidtpf;Ff; fl;Lk; gj; j phpf; i ffisAk; > Nkilg;
rpd;dk; Ngr; R fisAk;
jhop - Flk; thafd;w ghz;lk; 122) vj;njspT Vw;gLk; fhyk; te;J
jhsp - xU tifg; ghid> Fok;G nfhz;bUf;fpwJ?
jhspj;jy; vg;nghUs; ahh; ahh; tha;Nfl;gpDk;
113) tiy - kPd; gpbtiy mg;nghUs; nka;gn ; ghUs;
tio - xUtif kuk;> RuGd;id fhz;gJ mwpT vd;w fhyk; te;J
kuk;
123) fpuhk kf;fs; vij ek;gp thoj;
tis - nghe;J> tisay;> tisT
njhlq;Fthh;fs;?
114) thy; - tpyq; f pd; thy; g Fjp
$l; L witAk; > ciog; i gAk;
ntz;ik
ek;gp thoj; njhlq;Fthh;fs;
tho; - capH tho;> gpioj;jpU
ths; - ntl;Lk; fUtp> xsp nghUe;jpa
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124) kdpj tho; t py; cz; i kahd 18. GNuhl;Nlhfhy; - kuGj;jfT

mbg;gilahf cs;sit? 19.nrf; - fhNrhiy
ciog;G kw;nwhd;W $l;LwT 20. urPJ - gw;Wr;rPl;L
125) $l;LwTf;F ,ilAWfhf ,Ug;git 21. rhk;gpad; - thif #b
nty;y ----- Ntz;Lk;? 8. jkpo;ehl;Lf; fiyr;
mwg;gil Ntz;Lk; nry;tq;fs;
126) ciog; G f; F g; gQ; r k; te; j hy;
129) “Mafiyfs; mWgj;J ehd;F"
mjnty;y ----- Ntz;Lk;
vd;w KJ nkhopf; Nfw;g gy
cOepyk;
tifahd fiyfis ghq; F w
127) Vw;wj;jho;T ,y;yhj rKjhak;
mikj;jtH?
miktjw;F vJ top
jkpoh; f s;
Ruz;LNthUk;> Ruz;lg;gLNthUk;
130) kpfkpfg; goq; f hyk; KjNy
,y;yhj rhjp rkak; fl;rp ,tNa
jkpofj;jpy; rpwg;Gg; ngw;W tpsq;Fk;
Vw;wj;jho;T ,y;yhj rKjhak;
fiyfs; ahit?
cUthtjw;F topahFk;
fl; l lf; f iy> rpw; g f; fiy>
128) mytYff; fiyr; nrhy; - mtw;wpd;
Xtpaf; fiy
jkpohf;fk;:
131) g+kG; fhhpy; eilngw;w mfo;tha;tpy;
1. nuf;fhh;l; - Mtzk;
fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;l nghUs;fs;?
2. nrful;lhp - nrayH
Gj;j tpfhuk; kw;Wk; Vw;Wkjp
3. NkNd[H - NkyhsH
,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;gLk; Kfj;J
4. igy; - Nfhg;G
thuf; fl;llKk; fz;L gpbf;fg;
5. GNuhNehl; - xg;Gr;rPl;L
gl; l d
6. ghy;fdp - Kfg;G khlk;
132) fp.gp.11-12 Mk; Ehw;whz;ilr; NrHe;j
7. gh];Nghh;l; - flTr;rPl;L
fl; l lg; gFjpfs; ve; j mfo;
8. bird; - tbtikg;G
tha;tpy; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;ld?
9. tprh - EioT ,irT
nfhw;ifapy; ele;j mfo;tha;tpy;
10. nlypNfl; - NguhsH
133) jkpo; ehL muR njhy; nghUs;
11. ];ng\y; g]; - jdpg; NgUe;J
Ma;Tj; Jiwapy; fz;L gpbf;fg;
12. GuNghry; - fUj;JU
gl;lJ vJ.
13. Ml;Nlhfpuhg; - tho; njhg;gk;
Kjyhk; ,uhNre; j pu Nrhod;
14. tprpl;bq; fhh;L - fhz;Gr;rPl;L
vLgpj;J tho;ej ; muz;id gFjp
15. gphPg; Nf]; - FWk; ngl;b
fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
16. yk;rk; - jpul;rpj; njhif
17.nkapd; NuhL - Kjd;ikr; rhiy
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134) j k p o ; e h l ; b y ; f h z g ; n g W k ; 141) gy;ytH fhyj;J rpwe;jitfshf

Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fSs; kpfTk; fUjg;gl;lJ vJ?
goikahdJ? khky;yGuj;J flw;fiuf; Nfhapy;>
,uhkehjGuk; khtl;lj;ij fhQ;rpGuj;J ifyhaehjH
NrHe;j gps;isahh; gl;b vd;Dk; Nfhapy;
Chpd; Filtiuf; Nfhapy; (,J 142) ghz;baH fhyj;jpy; rpwe;jJ?
ghz; b aHfsJ gilg; g hFk; ) jpUg;gj;Jhh; jpUj; jspehjH
135) ve;j Ehw;whz;NlhL Filtiuf; 143) NrhoH fhyj;J rpwe;jitfs;?
Nfhapy;fs; mikf;Fk; gzp epd;W ehh;jj; hkiy tprahya NrhoPr;
tpl;lJ? Ruk; > jQ; i r ,uhruhNrr; R uk; >
fp.gp;.9 Mk; Ehw;whz;L vd;Dk; jQ;irg; ngUTilahh;
136) Filtiuf; Nfhapy;fis mikj;j Nfhapy; fq;if nfhz;l Nrho
tHfs; ahh;? Guj;Jf; fq;if nfhz;l NrhoPr;
gy;ytHfs;> ghz;baHfs;> Ruk; > jhuhRuk; > IuhtNjRtuH
mjpaH> Kj; j iuah; Nfhapy; > jphpGtdk; jphpGtd
137) jdpj;jdp Fd;Wfisr; nrJf;fp tpNur; R uk;
Nfhapyhf;Fk; Kiw ahUila 144) Nfhapy;fspy; NfhGuk; mikj;jy;
fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ? ahUila fhyj;jpy; njhlq;fpaJ?
gy; y tH> ghz; b aH gy;ytH fhyj;jpy;
138) jdpj; j dp Fd; W fis nrJf; f p 145) Nfhapy;fspy; NfhGuk; mikj;jy;
nfhapyhf;Fk; Kiw ve;j cd;djepiy mile;j fhyk;?
Ehw;whz;NlhL epd;W tpl;lJ? tpraefu kd;dHfs; fhyj;jpy;
fp.gp.8 Mk; Ehw;whz;L 146) gy;ytH fhyj;Jr; rpw;gpfs; vij
139) jdpj;jdp Fd;Wfisr; nrJf;fp nrJf;Ftjpy; rpwe;J tpsq;fpdh;?
Nfhapyhf;Fk; Kiwf;F vLj;Jf; ahidapd; cUtj;ij
fhl;lhf mike;j Nfhapy;? 147) rpw;g ,ay; ty;YeHfs; ahiu
khky; y Guj; j py; cs; s Ie; J ghuhl;bg; NgRtH?
ujq;fSk;> fOFkiyapy; gy; y tH fhyj; J rpw; g pfis
cs;s ntl;Lthd; NfhapYk; ghuhl; b g; NgRtH
140) fw;fis xd;NwhL xd;whf mLf;fp 148) gy;ytH fhyj;J rpw;gpfs; vjw;fhf
mikf;Fk; Nfhapw; gzp ahUila ghuhl;lg; ngw;wdH?
fhyj;jpYk; ,e;ehspYk; njhlHe;J NfhapiyNa xU rpw;gkhf
epytp tUfpwJ? tbj; n jLj; j jhy;
gy; y tH> ghz; b aH
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149) ahUila fhyj; j py; kdpjj; 157) nrg;Gg; gbkf; fiy ahUila
jd;ikf;Fk; clw; $WfSf;Fk; fhyj; j py; rpwg; g poe; J fhzg;
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; jug;gl;ld? gLfpwJ?
tpraefu ehaf;fH fhyq;fspy; tpraefu ehaf;fH fhyj;jpy;
150) tpraefu ehaf;fH fhyq;fspy; 158) Xtpaj;ij ntWe; njhopyhff;
ahUila fyhr; r huj; jhf; f k; fUjhJ xU ------ rhjdkhfNt
Vw;gl;lJ? fUjpdH.
Kfk; k jpaH Nahf
151) -------- Mz;LfSf;F Kd;gpUe;Nj 159) ve;j Ehw;whz;bd; njhlf;fj;jp
jkpo; ehl;by; nrg;Gg;gbkf; fiy ypUe;J Xtpaq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;w?
kpf cd;dj epiyapy; tsHr;rp Vwf;Fiwa fp.gp 7 Mk;
mile;Js;sJ Ehw;whz;bd; njhlf;fj;jpypUe;J
Rkhh; 2800 160) Xtpaf; fiyf;F mUk; gzpaw;wpa
152) nrg; G g; g bkf; fiyf; F rhd; W kd;dHfs;?
ahJ? gy;yt kd;dHfs; kw;Wk; Nrho
Mjpr;r ey;Yhhpy; (jpUney;Ntyp kd; d Hfs;
khtl;lk;) fpilj;Js;s nja;tr; 161) gy;yt kd;dHfspy; ahh; rpwe;j
nrg;Gj; jpUNkdp Xtpadhf tpsq;fpdh;?
153) gy;ytH fhy nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfSf;F kNfe; j putHkd;
vLj;Jf;fhl;L? 162) Xtpa fiyf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lha;
$uk;> eluhrH> nfhLKb> tpsq;Fk; Nfhapy;fs;?
jphpGuhe; j fH> jphpGuRe; j hp khkz; ^ Hf; Fiffspd; ntsp
154) nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfspd; nghw; fhyk; kz;lgj;jpYk;> fhQ;rpGuk;
vd;gJ ahUila fhyk;? ifyhrehjH Nfhapy;> gdkiy
NrhoH fhyk; Nfhapy;> jQ;irg; ngUTilahh;
155) nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs; nra;jspg; Nfhapy;
gijj; jhk; ,k;kz;Zyfpy; gpwe;j 163) ve;j Nfhapypy; fhzg;gLk; Xtpak;
jd; flik vd;W vz;zpatHfs;? kpfTk; rpwg;G tha;ej ; J?
nrk; g pad; khNjtp gdkiyapy; cs;s kz;lgj;jpy;
156) NrhoH fhyj;J nrg;Gj; jpUNkdpfs; fhzg; g Lk; vopyhh; e ; j Mly;
vt;thW nra;ag;gl;ld? kfspd; Xtpak;
Mfk Ehy;fspy; Fwpff ; g;gl;Ls;sJ 164) kur;rpw;gf;fiy ve;j Ehw;whz;b
Nghd; W mjw; N fw; g r; nra; a ypUe;J fhzg;gLfpwJ?
ngw;wit fp.gp.16 Mk; Ehw;whz;L
252

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165) je;jr; rpw;gf; fiy ahUila (v.fh) vOjpg;ghh;

fhyj;jpy; jhd; rpwg;Gg; ngw;wpUf;fpwJ? 170) z> e> d NtWghL mwpf:-
ehaf; f kd; d Hfs; muz; - kjpy;> ghJfhg;G Nfhl;il
166) ,tHfSila fhyj;jpy; je;jj;jhy; mud;> rptd;
nra;ag;gl;l nghUs;fs; ahit? 171) mz;zk; - Nky;tha;
flTsH cUtq; f Sk; > mur md;dk; - xU gwit
murpaH cUtq;fSk; 172) Mzp - $hpa ,Uk;Gj; Jz;L
ngl; b > gy; y tHf; F j; jz; L Mdp - xU khjk;
Nghd;w nghUs;fSk; je;jj;jhy; 173) Miz - fl;lis
nra; a g; g l; b Ufpd; w d Mid - ahid
167) ve;j Chpy; ehaf;f kd;dH mtuJ 174) cz;Z - rhg;gpL
gl;lj;jurp MfpNahuJ cUtq;fs;> cd;D - epidj;Jg;ghh;
ehd; f b cauj; j py; je; j j; j py; 175) Cz; - czT
fk;gPukhf fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wd? Cd; - ,iwr;rp
jpUtuq; f j; j py; 176) vz;z - epidf;f> vz;zpg;ghh;ff;
168) rpwpa mstpy; cs; s je; j vd;d - Nfs;tp
rpw;gq;fs; vq;F fhzg;gLfpd;wd? 177) fiz - mk;G
mofH Nfhapypy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd fid - fidj;jy;
169) ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,lq;fSf;Fhpa 178) fzk; - Neuk;
tpjp fdk; - gS> Rik
1. <Wnfl;l vjpH kiwg; 179) fhz; - ghh;
nganur;rj;jpd; gpd; xw;W kpFk;. fhd; - fhL
2. me;j> ,e;j vd;Dk; Rl;Lj;jphpG 180) jzp - mlq;F
mLj;Jk; ve;j vd;Dk; tpdhj;jphpG jdp - jdpj;jpUj;jy;
mLj;Jk; xw;W kpFk;. 181) Jzp - rPiy
(v.fh) me;jr;rpiy> ve;jf;fhyk; Jdp - Jd;gk;> Nfhgk;> mr;rk;
3.nra;ntd; vr;rj;jpd; gpd; xw;W 182) jpiz - epyk;> xOf;fk;
kpFk; jpiz - jhdpa tif
(v.fh) Xlf; fz;lhh; 183) ehz; - fapW> ehzk;
4.td; njhlHf; Fw;wpaYfu <w;Wr; ehd; - jd;idf; Fwpg;gJ> jd;ik
nra;njd; vr;rj;jpd; gpd; xw;W kpFk; ,lg;ngaH
(v.fh) Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lhd; 184) jpz;ik - typik
,fu <w;Wr; nra;njd; vr;rj;jpd; jpd;ik - jPik
gpd;Dk; kpFk; 185) tz;ik - tsk;> toq;Fjy;
td;ik - typik
253

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186) flTs; ngaHfs; - tlnkhopapy; 200) ,uhtz fhtpak;:- 5 fhz;lk;> 57

1.mq;faw; fz;zp - kPdhl;rp glyq;fs;> 3100 tpUj;jq;fs;
2.mwk; tsHj;jhs; - jHkrk;tHj;jpdp 201) VR fhtpak;:- Ie;J ghfk;> 149
3. vhprpdf;nfhw;wit - nusj;jpuJHf;if mjpfhuk;> 810 tpUj;jq;fSk;> 2346
4. Iahwg;gH - gQ;rejpRtuH mftybfSk; nfhz;lJ
5. nrk;nghd; gs;spahh; - nrhh;zGhPrR ; uH 202) ve;j nkhopapYk; fhzf;fpilf;fhj
6. ePs; neLq;fz;zp - tprhyhl;rp msT gf;jp ghRuq;fs; epuk;gpa
7. ahopYk; ed; nkhopahs; - tPzhkJu nkhop?
gh\pzp jkpo;
8. Njd;nkhopg;ghit - kJu trdp 203) irtKk; itztKk; topgLk;
9. gokiyehjH - tpUj;jfphPr;RuH ke;jpuk;
nkhoptsq; fhl;Lk; ,yf;fpaq;fs;:- 1. gd;dpUjpU Kiw
187) njhy;fhg;gpak;:- 3 mjpfhuk;> 27 2. ehyhapu jpt;tpag;gpuge;jk;
,ay;fs;> 1610 Ehw;ghf;fs; 204) Fwpg;ghf vOjg;gLk; nrhw;fSf;F
188) ts; S tk; : - 3 ghy; f s; > 133 tphpthd nrhy;
mjpfhuq;fs;> 1330 Fwl;ghf;fs; j.eh.kp.th - jkpo;ehL kpd;rhu thhpak;
189) rpyg; g jpfhuk; : - 3 fhz; l k; > 30 j.eh.F.t.th -jkpo; ehL FbePH tbfhy;
fhijfs;> 5001 thpfs; thhpak;
190) kzpNkfiy:- 30 fhijfs;> 4755 m/kp nrse; j uty; y pj; jhahh; -
thpfs; mUs;kpF nrse;juty;yp jhahh;
191) rPtfrpe;jhkzp:- 13 ,yk;gfq;fs;> m.ep.F.vz; - mQ; r y; (gpd; N fhL)
3145 ghly;fs; epiyaf; FwpaPlL ; vz;
192) nghpaGuhzk; : - 2 fhz; l k; > 13 njh.Ng.vz; - njhiy Ngrp vz;
rUf;fq;fs;> 4286 ghly;fs; M.fh.f - Mas; fhg;gPl;L fofk;
193) fk;guhkhazk;:- 6 fhz;lq;fs;> 118 ,.M.g - ,e;jpa Ml;rpg; gzp
glyq;fs;> 10589 ghly;fs; v];.v];.V - (rHtrpf;\h mgpahd;)
194) ey;yhgps;is ghujk;:- 18 gUtq;fs;> midtUf;Fk; fy;tp ,af;fk;
11000 ghly;fs; ,.v];.V - njhopyhsH <l;LWjp fofk;
195) fe;j Guhzk;:- MW fhz;lq;fs;> lal; - khtl;l MrphpaH gapw;rp epWtdk;
135 glyk;> 10345 ghly;fs; bgp.,.gp - khtl;lj; njhlf;ff; fy;tpj;
196) jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk;:- %d;W jpl;lk;
fhz;lk;> 3363 ghly;fs; ng.M.f - ngw;Nwhh; MrphpaH fofk;
197) Njk; g htzp:- 3 fhz; l k; > 36 bl; b < MHl; b - MrphpaH fy; t p
glyq;fs; 3615 ghly;fs; Muha;r;rp kw;Wk; gapw;rp ,af;fk;
198) rPwhg;Guhzk;:- 3 fhz;lq;fs;> 92 (DTERT)
glyq;fs;> 5027 ghly;fs;
199) ,ul;rzpa ahj;jphpfk;:- 5 gUtq;fs;>
47 glyq;fs;> 3776 ghly;fs;
254

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B\ôm Yálé .......................................................... 1

HZôm Yálé ...........................................................19

GhPôm Yálé .........................................................71

JuTRôm Yálé ................................................... 126

TjRôm Yálé ....................................................... 198

T¾ù]ôWôm Yálé ...............................................232

TuÉùWiPôm Yálé ........................................242

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

Mwhk; tFg;G 9. jpUts;Stupd; NtW rpy ngaHfs;

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

16. nrhw;nghUs; 18. c.Nt.rhkpehjH Xiyr; Rtbia

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

27. c.Nt.rhkpehja;aH ve;j Cupy; 6. Guhzq;fs; 12

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

41. rlNfh ve;j ehl;Lr; rpWkp? Fwpy;

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

59. ehybahupd; kw;nwhU rpwg;Gg;ngaH 5. eil - rhiyapy; nry;Yk;

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

5. Nky;nry;tD}H (,uhkehjGuk; ghk;gpdk;> cyfpy;

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

,lk; Nehf; f p tutiof; f pwJ. 94. Fwpy; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid mit

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

101. ey;y jkpo;rn ; rhw;fis mwpNthk; 105. “kidf; F tpsf; f k; klths; ”

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

114. Foe;ijiaj; jha; njhl;bypypl;Lg; 122. jpUkzk; kw;Wk; gpw epfo;Tfspy;

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

130. msf;Fw ehopfF ; mftpiy njupAkh? 2. tpidr;nrhy;

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

tpil: 1.fiye;jJ 2. mywpaJ 146. ghujpapd; ftpij kPJ nfhz;l

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

,lk; Nehf; f p tutiof; f pwJ. 94. Fwpy; vOj;Jfs; vj;jid mit

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

101. ey;y jkpo;rn ; rhw;fis mwpNthk; 105. “kidf; F tpsf; f k; klths; ”

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

114. Foe;ijiaj; jha; njhl;bypypl;Lg; 122. jpUkzk; kw;Wk; gpw epfo;Tfspy;

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

130. msf;Fw ehopfF ; mftpiy njupAkh? 2. tpidr;nrhy;

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

tpil: 1.fiye;jJ 2. mywpaJ 146. ghujpapd; ftpij kPJ nfhz;l

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

,ay; - 5 200. ,uhkrhkpapd; ngw; N whu; ngaH

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

211. fs;Sf;fil kwpaypy; <Lgl;ltH ahH? 220. jha;khHfs; ,uhkrhkpf;F vd;d

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

240. MrpupaH Fwpg; G :- Fkud; > KjypNahH gRk; n ghd;

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

gpNsf; Neha; 3) jpU.tp.f vd;gjd; tphpthf;fk; vd;d?

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

31) ,e;E}y; jpUf;Fws; vd;W vjdhy; 4. md;d - mit Nghy; td

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

nrk;nkhopj; jkpo; mfg;nghUs; Mfpa nrt;tpay;

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140

fhd;g+h;> Nfhyhyk;g+h;> rpq;fg;g+h;> 85) FwpQ;rp epykf;fs; kiyapypUe;J

Arivukkadal Pathippagam 9842649140