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TIME SAVING DESIGN AIDS Walls PDF
TIME SAVING DESIGN AIDS Walls PDF
design methods
TIME SAVING DESIGNpresented
AIDS in the article Concrete: normal weight Page (1501 ofpcf),
6 ¾-in.
“Timesaving Design Aids for Reinforced maximum aggregate, f?c = 4,000 psi
Walls
Concrete, Part 3: Columns and Walls,” by Mild reinforcing steel: Grade 60 (fy =
David A. Fanella, which appeared in the 60,000 psi)
November 2001 edition of Structural
The following example illustrate the design methods presented in the PCA book “Simplified Design -
Reinforced Concrete
Engineer Buildings
magazine. of Moderate
Unless Size and Height” third edition. Unless otherwise noted, all
otherwise Loads
referenced table, figure, and equation numbers are from that book. The example presented here is for
noted,
Walls. all referenced table, figure, and Total roof dead load = 122 psf
equation numbers are from that article. Total floor dead load = 142 psf
Examples for columns are available on our Web page: www.cement.org/buildings.
The example presented here is for walls. Live load = 100 psf (floor), 20 psf (roof)
Design Data
Wind loads: per ASCE 7-98
In this example,
Examples the 8-in. thick
for columns are wall below, which
available on ouris part of a 5-story building, is designed and detailed for
gravity loads and the wind forces shown.
Web page: www.portcement.org/buildings. Building Data
Materials
Tributary floor area to wall = 300 ft2
• Concrete: normal weight (150 pcf), 3/4-in. maximum aggregate, f’c = 4,000 psi
Design Data
• Mild reinforcing steel: Grade 60 (fy = 60,000 psi)
InLoads
this example, the 8-in. thick wall below,
• Total roof
which dead load
is part of =a122 psf
5-story building, is
• Total floor dead load = 142 psf
designed and detailed for gravity loads
• Live load = 100 psf (floor), 20 psf (roof)
and the wind forces shown.
• Wind loads: per ASCE 7-02
Building Data
• Tributary floor area to wall = 300 ft2
11.3 k
15?-0I 4 @ 12?-0I = 48?-0I
22.0 k
21.1 k
19.9 k
20.5 k
20?-8I
TIME SAVING DESIGN AIDS Page 2 of 6
Walls
From Table 6-5, for an 8-in. thick wall, φVc = 7.3 x 20.67 = 150.9 kips
Since Vu > φVc , provide horizontal shear reinforcement from Table 6-4.
For No. 4 bars @ 18”, φVs = 4.8 kips/ft > 0.04 kips/ft
However, minimum wall reinforcement per Table 6-3 for an 8 in. wall is No. 4 @ 10”
ρl = 0.0025 + 0.5 (2.5 - hw/lw) (ρt - 0.0025) where hw/lw = 63/20.67 = 3.1
Since φVc /2 = 150.9/2 = 75.4 kips < Vu = 118.9 kips < φVc = 150.9 kips,
use No. 4 @ 10” for the horizontal and vertical reinforcement in the 2nd story.
Since φVc /2 = 75.4 kips < Vu = 87.0 < Vc = 150.9 kips use No. 4 @ 10” for the horizontal and vertical rein-
forcement in the 3rd story.
TIME SAVING DESIGN AIDS Page 3 of 6
Walls
Vu at 4th story= 1.6(11.3 + 22.0) = 53.3 kips < φVc / 2 = 75.4 kips
For 8” wall, use No. 3 @ 11” vertical reinforcement and No. 4 @ 12” horizontial reinforcement.
Summary of reinforcement
• Vertical bars
• Horizontal bars
* Spacing of vertical bars reduced from 11 in. to 10 in. so that the bars in the 3rd story can be spliced
U = 0.9D + 1.6W
Mu = 1.6[(11.3 x 63) + (22.0 x 51) + (21.1 x 39) + (19.9 x 27) + (20.5 x 15)] = 5,603 ft-kips
Walls
⎛ A ⎞ fy ⎛ 4.96 ⎞ 60
ω = ⎜ st ⎟ = ⎜ ⎟ = 0.0375
⎝ l wh ⎠ fc′ ⎝ 248 × 8 ⎠ 4
⎛ P ⎞ 305
α =⎜ u ⎟= = 0.0384
⎝ l whfc ⎠ 248 × 8 × 4
′
c ω +α 0.0375 + 0.0384
= = = 0.0952
l w 2ω + 0.85β1 (2 × 0.0375) + (0.85 × 0.85)
⎡ ⎛ Pu ⎞⎛ c ⎞⎤
φMn = φ ⎢0.5Astfy l w ⎜⎜1 + ⎟⎟⎜1 − ⎟⎥ =
⎢⎣ ⎝ Astfy ⎠⎝ l w ⎠⎥⎦
⎡
= 0.9⎢(0.5 × 4.96 × 60 × 248)
⎣
⎛ 305 ⎞ ⎤
× ⎜1 + ⎟(1 − 0.0952)⎥
⎝ 4.96 × 60 ⎠ ⎦
Therefore, increase amount of vertical reinforcement for moment strength. It can be shown that No. 5 @
10” (φMn = 6,307 ft-kips) is adequate.
ω = 0.0375
239
α = = 0.0301
248 × 8 × 4
c 0.0375 + 0.0301
= = 0.0848
l w (2 × 0.0375) + (0.85 × 0.85)
⎡ ⎛ 239 ⎞ ⎤
φMn = 0.9 ⎢(0.5 × 4.96 × 60 × 248)⎜1 + ⎟(1 − 0.0848)⎥
⎣ ⎝ 4.96 × 60 ⎠ ⎦
TIME SAVING DESIGN AIDS Page 5 of 6
Walls
⎛ 2.69 ⎞ 60
ω =⎜ ⎟ = 0.0203
⎝ 248 × 8 ⎠ 4
117
α= = 0.0147
248 × 8 × 4
c 0.0203 + 0.0147
= = 0.0459
l w (2 × 0.0203) + (0.85 × 0.85)
⎡ ⎤
φMn = 0.9 ⎢(0.5 × 2.69 × 60 × 248) × ⎛⎜1 + 117 ⎞
⎟(1 − 0.0459)⎥
⎣ ⎝ 2.69 × 60 ⎠ ⎦
= 29,643 in. - kips
The required shear reinforcement is adequate for moment strength, except in the 1st story.
For comparison purposes, the PCA computer program pcaColumn was utilized to determine the adequacy of
the wall in the 1st story. As can be seen from the figure, the wall is adequate with No. 4 @ 10”.
TIME SAVING DESIGN AIDS Page 6 of 6
Walls