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com

4.Ntiy> Mw;wy; kw;Wk; jpwd;

3 kjpg;ngz; tpdh tpilfs;
1. ,aw;gpaypy; Ntiyapd; tiuaiwahdJ nghJf;fUj;jpypUe;J vt;thW
NtWgLfpwJ vd;gij tpsf;Ff.
 md;whl tho;tpy; Ntiy vd;w nrhy; gyjug;gl;l jUzq;fspy;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
 ,J cly; rhHe;j Ntiy kw;Wk; kdk; rhHe;j Ntiy Mfpa ,uz;ilAk;
Fwpf;Fk;.
 cz;ikapy; ve;jnthU nray;ghL nghJthf Ntiy vd;Nw miof;fg;gLk;.
 Mdhy; ,aw;gpaypy; Ntiy vd;w nrhy; Jy;ypakhd tiuaiwiaf;
nfhz;Ls;s xU ,ay; msthff; fUjg;gLfpwJ.
 xU nghUspd; kPJ nray;gLj;jg;gl;l tpir mjid ,lk;ngaur; nra;jhy;
tpirapdhy; Ntiy nra;ag;gLfpwJ.
 Ntiy nra;tjw;F Mw;wy; Njit.
 Ntiy nra;tjw;fhd jpwd; Mw;wy; vd tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ.
 vdNt> NtiyAk; Mw;wYk; xj;j ghpkhzj;ijg; ngw;Ws;sd.

2. fzpjtpaypd;gb Ntiyf;fhd rkd;ghl;il vOJf. NkYk; Ntiy RopahFk;

NeHTfis vOJf.
 𝑊 = 𝐹 𝑑𝑟 cos 𝜃

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 fPo;f;fz;l NeHTfspy; nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy RopahFk;.
o tpir RopahFk; NghJ
o ,lg;ngaHr;rp RopahFk; NghJ
o tpirAk; ,lg;ngaHr;rpAk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W nrq;Fj;jhf cs;sNghJ

3. khwh tpirapdhy; nra;ag;gl;l Ntiyf;fhd rkd;ghl;ilg; ngWf.

 𝑑𝑊 = 𝐹 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝑟

rf rf
 𝑊= ri
dW = 𝐹 cos 𝜃 ri
dr

 𝑊 = 𝐹 cos 𝜃 (rf − ri )

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4. khWk; tpirapdhy; nra;ag;gl;l Ntiyf;fhd Nfhitiag; ngWf.

 𝑑𝑊 = 𝐹 cos 𝜃 𝑑𝑟

rf
 𝑊= ri
dW

rf
 W= ri
𝐹 cos 𝜃 dr

5. ce;jk; kw;Wk; ,af;f Mw;wYf;fhd njhlHigg; ngWf.

1
 𝐾𝐸 = mv 2
2

1
 𝐾𝐸 = m( V. V )
2

1 m V .m V
 =
2 m

1
 = m( V. V )
2

1 p .p
 =
2 m

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 KE =
P2
2m

 p= 2m (KE)

6. epiy Mw;wy; vd;why; vd;d? gy;NtW tifahd epiy Mw;wy;fisf; $Wf.

 xU nghUspd; epiy Mw;wy; vd;gJ Rw;Wg;Gwj;ijg; nghWj;J mjd; epiy
kw;Wk; mikg;igr; rhHe;jJ.
 epiy Mw;wy; gy tifg;gLk;. mit
o <Hg;G mOj;j Mw;wy;
o kPl;rpaOj;j Mw;wy;
o kpd;dOj;j Mw;wy;
7. Gtpg;gug;gpw;F mUfpy; epiyahw;wYf;fhdf; Nfhitiag; ngWf.
 GtpapypUe;J h cauj;jpy; <Hg;G mOj;j Mw;wy; vd;gJ nghUis
jiuapypUe;J h cauj;jpw;F khwh jpirNtfj;jpy; nfhz;L nry;yj; Njitahd
Ntiyapd; msTf;Fr; rkkhFk;.
 𝐹𝑔 = −𝑚𝑔 𝑗
 𝐹𝑎 = −𝐹𝑔
 𝐹𝑎 = +𝑚𝑔 𝑗

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 = 𝐹𝑎 . 𝑑𝑟

𝑕
 = 𝑜 𝑎
𝐹 𝑑𝑟 cos 𝜃

 𝐹𝑎 = 𝑚𝑔, cos 0° = 1

𝑕
 = 𝑚𝑔 𝑜
𝑑𝑟

 = 𝑚𝑔𝑕

8. kPl;rp epiyahw;wYf;fhdf; Nfhitiag; ngWf.

 xU RUs;tpy; ePl;rpailar; nra;ag;gl;lhy; mjDs; xU kPs;tpir cUthfpwJ.
 RUs;tpy;iy ePl;rpf;ff;$ba my;yJ mKf;ff;$ba tpirapdhy; RUs;tpy;
ngw;Ws;s epiy Mw;wy; kPl;rp epiy Mw;wy; vdg;gLk;.
 kPs;tpirf;F vjpuhfr; nray;gLj;jg;gl;l tpirapdhy; nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy
RUs;tpy;ypy; kPl;rp epiy Mw;wyhfr; Nrkpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

 𝐹𝑠 = −𝑘 𝑥
 𝐹𝑎 = −𝐹𝑠

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 𝐹𝑎 = +𝑘 𝑥
= 𝐹𝑎 . 𝑑𝑥

𝑥
 = 𝑜 𝑎
𝐹 𝑑𝑥 cos 𝜃

 𝐹𝑎 = 𝑘𝑥, cos 0° = 1

𝑥
 =𝑘 𝑜
𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1
 = 𝑘𝑥 2
2
1
 njhlf;fepiy Ropapy;iy vdpy; = 𝑘(𝑥𝑓 2 − 𝑥𝑖 2 )
2
9. RUs;tpy;ypd; tpir - ,lg;ngaHr;rp tiuglk; tiuf.
1
 gug;G = 𝑘𝑥 2
2

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10. RUs;tpy;ypd; epiy Mw;wy; - ,lg;ngaHr;rp tiuglk; tiue;J tpsf;F.

 xU mKf;fg;gl;l my;yJ ePl;lg;gl;l RUs;tpy; jd;Ds; Nrkpf;fg;gl;l epiy
Mw;wiy mjDld; ,izf;fg;gl;l epiwapd; ,af;f Mw;wyhf khw;WfpwJ.
 cuha;tw;w #oypy;> Mw;wyhdJ mikg;gpd; nkhj;j Mw;wy; khwhjthW ,af;f
Mw;wypy; ,Ue;J epiy Mw;wyhfTk; kw;Wk; epiy Mw;wyp; ,Ue;J ,af;f
Mw;wyhfTk; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; khw;wkilfpwJ.
 rkepiyapy; ∆𝐾𝐸 = ∆𝑈

11. Mw;wy; khw;wh kw;Wk; Mw;wy; khw;Wk; tpirfSf;fpilNa cs;s NtWghLfisf;

$Wf.

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Mw;wy; khw;wh tpir
nra;ag;gl;l
rhHe;jjy;y
xU Rw;wpy;
Ntiy

nra;ag;gl;l
ghijiar;

Ntiy
Mw;wy; khw;Wk; tpir
nra;ag;gl;l
rhHe;jJ
xU Rw;wpy;
Ntiy

nra;ag;gl;;l
ghijiar;

Ntiy
RopahFk; Ropay;y
nkhj;j Mw;wy; khwhJ ntg;g Mw;wy;> xsp Mw;wyhf
ntspg;gLk;
nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy KOtJk; nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy KOtJk;
kPl;fg;glf; $baJ kPl;fg;glf; $baJ my;y
𝑑𝑈 ,J Nghd;w njhlHG ,y;iy
𝐹=−
𝑑𝑥
v.fh: kPl;rp RUs;tpy; tpir> v.fh: cuha;T tpirfs;>
epiykpd;dpay; tpir> fhe;j tpir> fhw;Wj;jilahy; Vw;gLk; tpirfs;>
GtpaPHg;G tpir ghfpay; tpir

12. Nkhjy;fspd; NghJ NeHf;Nfhl;L ce;jk; khwhJ vd ep&gpf;f.

 ∆𝑝1 = 𝐹12 ∆𝑡
 ∆𝑝2 = 𝐹21 ∆𝑡

 ∆ 𝑝1 + 𝑝2 = (𝐹12 + 𝐹21 )∆𝑡

 𝐹12 = −𝐹21

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 ∆ 𝑝1 + 𝑝2 = 0
𝑑 𝑝 1 +𝑝 2
 ∆𝑡 → 0vdpy; =0
𝑑𝑡
 Nkw;fz;l rkd;ghL nkhj;j NeHf;Nfhl;L ce;jk; xU khwh msT vd;gijf;
Fwpf;fpwJ.
13. KO kPl;rpaw;w Nkhjypy; jpirNtfj;jpw;fhdf; Nfhitiag; ngWf.
 KO kPl;rpaw;w Nkhjypy; nghUs;fs; NkhjYf;Fg;gpwF xU nghJthd
NkhjYf;Fg;gpwF xU nghJthd jpirNtfj;jpy; ,aq;Fk;.
 NkhjYf;F Kd; ce;jk; = 𝑚1 𝑢1 + 𝑚2 𝑢2
 NkhjYf;Fg; gpd; ce;jk;= (𝑚1 + 𝑚2 )𝑣
 NkhjYf;F Kd; ce;jk; = NkhjYf;F gpd; ce;jk;
 𝑚1 𝑢1 + 𝑚2 𝑢2 = (𝑚1 + 𝑚2 )𝑣

𝑚 1 𝑢 1 +𝑚 2 𝑢 2
 𝑣=
(𝑚 1 +𝑚 2 )

14. KO kPl;rpaw;w Nkhjypy; Vw;gLk; ,af;f Mw;wy; ,og;gpw;fhdf; Nfhitiag;

ngWf.
 KO kPl;rpaw;w Nkhjypd;NghJ ,af;f Mw;wypd; ,og;ghdJ xyp> ntg;gk;> xsp
Nghd;w NtW tifahd Mw;wyhf khw;wg;gLfpwJ.
1 1
 𝐾𝐸𝑖 = 𝑚1 𝑢12 + 𝑚2 𝑢22

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 𝐾𝐸𝑓 =
2

1
2
2

𝑚1 + 𝑚2 𝑣 2

 ∆𝑄 = 𝐾𝐸𝑖 − 𝐾𝐸𝑓

1 1 1
 ∆𝑄 = 𝑚1 𝑢12 + 𝑚2 𝑢22 − 𝑚1 + 𝑚2 𝑣 2
2 2 2

1 𝑚 1𝑚 2
 ∆𝑄 = (𝑢1 − 𝑢2 )2
2 𝑚 1 +𝑚 2

15. kPl;rpaspg;Gf; Fzfk; tiuaW. mjw;fhdf; Nfhitiag; ngWf.

 NkhjYf;Fg; gpd; cs;s tpyFk; jpirNtfj;jpw;Fk; NkhjYf;F Kd; cs;s
neUq;Fk; jpirNtfj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s tpfpjk; kPl;rpaspg;Gf; Fzfk; vd
tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ.
(𝑣2 −𝑣1 )
 𝑒=
𝑢1 −𝑢2
 KO kPl;rp NkhjYf;F 𝑒 = 1
 0<𝑒<1

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16. kPl;rp Nkhjy; kw;Wk; kPl;rpaw;w Nkhjy;fis xg;gpLf.

kPl;rp Nkhjy; kPl;rpaw;w Nkhjy;
nkhj;j ce;jk; khwhJ nkhj;jk; ce;jk; khwhJ
nkhj;j ,af;f Mw;wy; khwhJ nkhj;j ,af;f Mw;wy; khWk;
njhlHGila tpirfs; Mw;wy; khw;wh njhlHGila tpirfs; Mw;wy; khw;Wk;
tpirfs; tpirfs;
,ae;jpu Mw;wy; rpijtilahJ ,ae;jpu Mw;wyhdJ ntg;gk;> xsp>
xyp Nghd;witahf ntspg;gLfpwJ

5 kjpg;ngz; tpdh tpilfs;

1. Ntiy – Mw;wy; Njw;wj;ijf; $wp tpsf;Ff. NkYk; mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf;
$Wf.
Ntiy - ,af;f Mw;wy; jj;Jtk;:
nghUspd; kPJ tpirapdhy; nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy nghUspd; ,af;f Mw;wy;
khWghl;bw;Fr; rkkhFk;.
 𝑊 = 𝐹𝑠
 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
 𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑠
𝑣 2 −𝑢 2
 𝑎=
2𝑠

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 𝐹=𝑚
1
 𝑊 = 𝑚𝑣 − 𝑚𝑢2
2
𝑣 2 −𝑢 2
2𝑠
2 1
2
1
 𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 2
2
 nghUspd; ,af;f Mw;wy; vg;NghJk; NeHf;Fwp kjpg;GilajhFk;.
1 1
 ∆𝐾𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 2 − 𝑚𝑢2
2 2
 𝑊 = ∆𝐾𝐸

Ntiy - ,af;f Mw;wy; Njw;wkhdJ fPo;f;fhz;gtw;iw czHj;JfpwJ.

 tpirapdhy; nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy NeHf;Fwp vdpy; mjd; ,af;f Mw;wy;

mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
 tpirapdhy; nra;ag;gl;l Ntiy vjpHf;Fwp vdpy; mjd; ,af;f Mw;wy;
FiwfpwJ.
 tpirapdhy; Ntiy VJk; nra;ag;gltpy;iy vdpy; mjd; ,af;f Mw;wy;
khwhJ.

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2. jpwd; kw;Wk; jpirNtfj;jpw;F ,ilNa cs;s njhlHigg; ngWf.

 𝑊= 𝐹 . 𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝑊
 𝑊= 𝑑𝑊 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑟
 𝐹 . 𝑑𝑟 = 𝐹 . 𝑣 𝑑𝑡 (𝑣 = )
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑊
 𝑑𝑡 = 𝐹 . 𝑣 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑊
 − 𝐹 . 𝑣 𝑑𝑡 = 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑊
 = 𝐹. 𝑣
𝑑𝑡

3. xU ghpkhz kPl;rp Nkhjypy; nghUl;fspd; jpirNtfj;jpw;fhd rkd;ghl;ilj;

jUtpj;J> mjd; gy;NtW NeHTfis tpthp.

 NkhjYf;F Kd; ce;jk; = 𝑚1 𝑢1 + 𝑚2 𝑢2




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NkhjYf;Fg; gpd; ce;jk; = (𝑚1 + 𝑚2 )𝑣
NkhjYf;F Kd; ce;jk; = NkhjYf;F gpd; ce;jk;
𝑚1 𝑢1 + 𝑚2 𝑢2 = 𝑚1 𝑣1 + 𝑚2 𝑣2
 𝑚1 𝑢1 − 𝑣1 = 𝑚2 (𝑣2 − 𝑢2 )
1 1
 NkhjYf;F Kd; ,af;f Mw;wy; = 𝑚1 𝑢12 + 𝑚2 𝑢22
2 2
1 1
 NkhjYf;F gpd; ,af;f Mw;wy; = 𝑚 𝑣2 + 𝑚2 𝑣22
2 1 1 2
 kPl;rp Nkhjypy;>
 NkhjYf;F Kd; ,af;f Mww;y; = NkhjYf;Fg; gpd; ,af;f Mw;wy;
1 1 1 1
 𝑚1 𝑢12 + 𝑚2 𝑢22 = 𝑚1 𝑣12 + 𝑚2 𝑣22
2 2 2 2
 𝑚1 𝑢1 + 𝑣1 𝑢1 − 𝑣1 = 𝑚2 (𝑣2 + 𝑢2 )(𝑣2 − 𝑢2 )

 𝑢1 − 𝑢2 = −(𝑣1 − 𝑣2 )

 𝑣1 = 𝑣2 + 𝑢2 − 𝑢1

 𝑣2 = 𝑢1 + 𝑣1 − 𝑢2

𝑚 1 −𝑚 2 2𝑚 2
 𝑣1 = 𝑢1 + 𝑢2
𝑚 1 +𝑚 2 𝑚 1 +𝑚 2

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2𝑚 1 𝑚 2 −𝑚 1
 𝑣2 = 𝑢1 𝑢2
𝑚 1 +𝑚 2 𝑚 1 +𝑚 2
 NeHT 1: 𝑚1 = 𝑚2 vdpy;> 𝑣1 = 𝑢2 > 𝑣2 = 𝑢1
 NeHT 2: 𝑚1 = 𝑚2 kw;Wk; 𝑢2 = 0 vdpy;> 𝑣1 = 0> 𝑣2 = 𝑢1
 NeHT 3: 𝑚1 ≪ 𝑚2 kw;Wk; 𝑢2 = 0 vdpy;> 𝑣1 = −𝑢1 > 𝑣2 = 0
 NeHT 4: 𝑚2 ≪ 𝑚1 kw;Wk; 𝑢2 = 0 vdpy; 𝑣1 = 𝑢1 > 𝑣2 = 2𝑢1

4. nrq;Fj;J tl;l ,af;fj;ijg; gw;wp tpthp.

 m epiwAs;s xU nghUs; epiwaw;w> ePl;rpj; jd;ikaw;w E}ypd; xU Kidapy;
,izf;fg;gLfpwJ.
 NkYk;> E}ypd; kWKidahdJ epiyahf ,Uf;FkhW nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
 me;jg; nghUs; nrq;Fj;Jj; jsj;jpy;
mike;j tl;l ,af;fj;ij
Nkw;nfhs;tjhff; fUJNthk;.
 nghUspd; kPJ ,U tpirfs;
nray;gLfpd;wd.
o fPo;Nehf;fp nray;gLk; GtpaPHg;G
tpir
o E}ypd; topNa nray;gLk;
,Otpir

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 𝑚𝑔 sin 𝜃 = −𝑚

 𝑇 − 𝑚𝑔 cos 𝜃 =
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣

𝑚 𝑣2
𝑟
 Nkw;fz;l ,U rkd;ghLfspy; ,Ue;J ehd;F Kf;fpa fUj;Jfisg; Ghpe;J
nfhs;syhk;.
1. nghUshdJ midj;J θ kjpg;GfSf;Fk; njhLNfhl;Lj; jpirapy;
KLf;fj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ,e;j nrq;Fj;J tl;l ,af;fk; xU rPuhd
tl;l ,af;fky;y vd;gJ njspthfpwJ.
2. ,af;fj;jpd; NghJ jpirNtfj;jpd; vz;kjpg;G khWtjhy;> E}ypd;
,OtpirAk; khWfpd;wJ.
3. tl;lj;jpd; A kw;Wk; D gFjpfspy; jpirNtfk; RopahdhYk; ,Otpir
RopahfhJ.
4. tl;lj;jpd; B kw;Wk; C gFjpfspy; ,Otpir RopahdhYk; jpirNtfk;
RopahfhJ.

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mbg;gf;f kw;Wk; Nkw;gf;f Gs;spfSf;fhd nrq;Fj;J tl;l ,af;fk;:

𝑚 𝑣12
 mbg;gf;f Gs;spapy; 𝑇1 = + 𝑚𝑔
𝑟
𝑚 𝑣22
 Nkw;gf;f Gs;sapy; 𝑇2 = − 𝑚𝑔
𝑟
𝑚
 𝑇1 − 𝑇2 = 𝑣12 − 𝑣22 + 2𝑚𝑔
𝑟
 Gs;sp 1 kw;Wk; 2y; > 𝐸1 = 𝐸2
1
 𝐸1 = 𝑚𝑣12
2
1
 𝐸2 = 2𝑚𝑔𝑟 + 𝑚𝑣22
2
 𝑣12
− 𝑣22
= 4𝑔𝑟
 𝑇1 − 𝑇2 = 6 𝑚𝑔
 Nkw;gf;f Gs;sp (2)y; rpWk Ntfk; 𝑣2 = 𝑔𝑟
 mbg;gf;f Gs;sp (1)y; rpWk Ntfk; 𝑣1 = 5𝑔𝑟
 nghUshdJ tl;lg;ghijia tpl;L tpyfhky; epiwT nra;a mbg;Gs;spapy;
rpWk NtfkhdJ Nkw;gf;f Gs;sapy; cs;s rpWk Ntfj;ijtpl 5 klq;F
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

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