ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

SUBMITTED FOR ENGLISH COURSE ASSIGNMENTS

TEACHING LECTURER : YANI LUBIS, S.AG, M.HUM

COMPILER : GROUP 4

ALHAFIDZH NIM 0105191097

FERDIAL FAHRUL ROZI SP NIM 0105191078

PUTRI ASHIKIN NIM 0105191089

IKA HARDIANTI NIM 0105191082

NIA HAFIZA SITOMPUL NIM 0105191077

MEGA AYU MULIANA SARAGIH NIM 0105191073

SOFHIA RAHMADHANI GINTING NIM 0105191092

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU KOMUNIKASI

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL

UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUMATERA UTARA

T.A 2019/2020
 Foreword

All praise and gratitude to Allah SWT for giving ability, and blessing

both time, energy, and mind to the author so that we can complete a paper

entitled "active and passive voice".

In the preparation of this paper, the authors thank the books and

websites about computers that have provided convenience to the authors

in working on this paper.

It is my hope that this paper will help add knowledge and

experience for readers, so that I can improve the contents of this paper so

that it can be better in the future.

The author realizes that there are still many shortcomings in writing

this paper. Therefore, suggestions and constructive criticism so the authors

expect from all readers. The author hopes that this paper can be useful for

anyone who reads it.

Medan, 11 November 2019

Group 4

I
 TABLE OF CONTENT

FOREWORD............................................................................................ i

TABLE OF CONTENT ............................................................................. ii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the paper ..................................................................... 1

B. Problem Identification .......................................................................... 1

C. Purpose ............................................................................................... 1

CHAPTER 2 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

A. What is active voice ............................................................................. 2

B. What is passive voice .......................................................................... 2

CHAPTER 3 CLOSING

A. Conclusion ......................................................................................... 7

B. Suggestion ........................................................................................ 7

References.............................................................................................. 8

II
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the paper

In linguistics, grammatical construction, a number of Tata models that

all subscribe to the notion that knowledge of the language is based on a

collection of "form and function mates". The "function" side includes what

is commonly understood as meaning, content, or intent; It usually extends

more than both conventional semantic and pragmatic fields of language.

There are two types of voice sentences, active voice, and passive voice.

By mastering English Well, we will be able to communicate with other

nations of the world. In addition, we will also be able to increase our insight

and knowledge for the advancement of our nation and country, because

we will be able to read the English literature, listen to the radio broadcasts

abroad, and disable the films of Science Other knowledge. Thus, in the end

we can master the knowledge in all fields.

B. Problem identification

1. what is active voice ?

2. what is passive voice ?

C. Purpose

1. Students understand what is meant by active voice

2. Students understand what is meant by passive voice

3. Students can find out examples of active and passive voice

1
 CHAPTER II
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

2.1 What Is Active Voice

Active voice is a grammatical voice common in many of the world's

languages. It is the unmarked voice for clauses featuring a transitive verb in
nominative–accusative languages, including English and most other Indo-
European languages. A verb in such languages is usually in the active voice
when the subject of the verb performs the action named. 1

Active voice is used in a clause whose subject expresses the main

verb's agent. That is, the subject does the verb's designated action.2 A
transitive verb has two different grammatically (voice) forms of active form
and passive form. While the concept active voice is a subject of work.
Wecaksono gives the defendant active voice is a sentence whose subjects
do something work described by predicate and object.3

2.2 What Is Passive Voice

The passive voice is a grammatical "voice". The noun or noun phrase

that would be the object of a corresponding active sentence (such as "Our
troops defeated the enemy") appears as the subject of a sentence or clause
in the passive voice ("The enemy was defeated by our troops"). 4

The subject of a sentence or clause featuring the passive voice

typically denotes the recipient of the action (the patient) rather than the
performer (the agent). Verbs in the passive voice in English are formed
using several parts (periphrastically): the usual construction uses the

1 O'Grady, William, John Archibald, Mark Aronoff, and Janie Rees-Miller (eds.)
(2001). Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction Fourth edition. Boston: Bedford/St.
Martin's
2 Saeed, John (1997). Semantics. Oxford: Blackwell
3 Fika. Mun, Dkk, Complete English Grammar, Surabaya: Apollo, 1991
4
Peters, Pam (2004). The Cambridge Guide to English Usage. Cambridge
University Press.

2
auxiliary verbs to be or to get together with the past participle of the main
verb.

For example, Caesar was stabbed by Brutus is in the passive voice.

The subject, Caesar, indicates the person acted upon. The agent is
expressed here with the phrase by Brutus, but this can be omitted. The
equivalent sentence in the active voice is Brutus stabbed Caesar, in which
the subject denotes the doer, or agent, Brutus. A sentence featuring the
passive voice is sometimes called a passive sentence, and a verb phrase
in passive voice is sometimes called a passive verb. 5

The passive voice is a specific grammatical construction. The essential

components, in English, are a form of the auxiliary verb be (or sometimes
get6) and the past participle of the main verb denoting the action. The agent
(the doer of the action) may be specified using a prepositional phrase with
the preposition by, but this is optional.7 It can be used in a number of
different grammatical contexts; for instance, in declarative, interrogative,
and imperative clauses, and in gerundial constructions:

 "Kennedy was assassinated in 1963."

 "Mistakes were made."
 "The window got broken."
 "Have you ever been kicked by an elephant?"
 "Don't get killed."
 "Being attacked by Geoffrey Howe was like being savaged by a dead
sheep."8

5 Fowler, H.W. (2015). Butterfield, Jeremy (ed.). Fowler's Dictionary of Modern

English Usage. Oxford University Press.

6 Gee, James Paul (1974). "Get Passive": On Some Constructions with "get".

Indiana University Linguistics Club.

7Huddleston,Rodney; Pullum, Geoffrey (2002). The Cambridge Grammar of the
English Language. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.

8 Miller, melissa. 2015. Dark path. Arizona:brown street books

3
There are some general steps in changing active sentence to be passive
voice. The steps are:
1. Change the subject in active sentence to be the object of passive
voice.
2. Take by after the main verb.
3. The verb in passive voice is consists of tobe+ verb3.
4. The pattern of passive voice is appropriated to tenses.
5. The time signal in passive voice also depends on the tenses.9

Remember again :
a. To be and the subject.
I am - He is. - She is – They are – the police are – the lady is – etc.

b. The changing of Subject to Object

I -> me, you -> you, he -> him, she ->her, we-> us, they -> them, it ->
it.10

c. The changing of irregular verbs and regular verbs.

Murder –murdered – murdered, spend –spent – spent – spent, etc
Verb I and Verb II -> Verb III (past particle)
Verb I → Verb III -> To hate > hated, to eat -> eaten
Verb II →Verb II -> Knew > known , wrote →written

d. The changing of singular and plural of personal pronouns.

Otherwise you will have difficulties in the placement of to be
(am,is,are,etc)

9
Mukti. Hilman Fariz, Complete English Grammar, Yogyakarta: Absolut, 2006.
10
Wicaksono. Imam Al-Hakam, English Grammar, Solo, Sendang Ilmu, 2010

4
 e.g. :
He is typing a letter. → A letter is typed by him11
The police arrested the thief. → The thief was arrested by the police.12

Example between active and passive voice.

1. Active : He meets them everyday.
Passive : They are met by him everyday.
2. Active : She waters this plant every two days.
Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.
3. Active : He met them yesterday
Passive : They were met by him yesterday
4. Active : She watered this plant this morning
Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
5. Active : He has met them
Passive : They have been met by him
6. Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
7. Active : He had met them before I came.
Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
8. Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here.
Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I
got here.
9. Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
10. Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.
Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.

11
Pirog, nick. 2008. Unforseen. Amazon:library thing

12
Sujatna, E. T. S. 2012. Object Complements in English. Saarbrucken: Lambert
Academic Publishing.

5
11. Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week.
Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next
week.
12. Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there
tomorrow.13
13. Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this
afternoon.
Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here
this afternoon.
14. Active : He would have met them.
Passive : They would have been met by him.
15. Active : She would have watered this plant.
Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
16. Active : He is meeting them now.
Passive : They are being met by him now.14
17. Active : She is watering this plant now.
Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.
18. Active : He was meeting them.
Passive : They were being met by him.
19. Active : She was watering this plant.
Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
20. Active : He has been meeting them.
Passive : They have been being met by him.15

13
Paler, F. R.2001, Mood and Modality, Cambridge University Presents,p. 33
14
Swan, Michael. 2005. Practical English Usage. New York: Oxford

15
Hurwitz, gregg. 2017. Buy a bullet. Britain:penguin random house

6
 CHAPTER 3

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

3.1 Conclusion

Active voice is a grammatical voice common in many of the world's

languages. It is the unmarked voice for clauses featuring a transitive verb in
nominative–accusative languages and The passive voice is a grammatical
"voice". The noun or noun phrase that would be the object of a
corresponding active sentence.

Example between active and passive voice.

1. Active : He meets them everyday.
Passive : They are met by him everyday.
2. Active : She waters this plant every two days.
Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.

3.1 Suggestion

with the completion of this paper about active and passive voice, the
authors hope that readers can improve their grammar skills in the use of
English and can use appropriate verbals to avoid mistakes in understanding

7
 References

Fika. Mun, Dkk, Complete English Grammar, Surabaya: Apollo, 1991

Fowler, H.W. (2015). Butterfield, Jeremy (ed.). Fowler's Dictionary of

Modern English Usage. Oxford University Press.

Gee, James Paul (1974). "Get Passive": On Some Constructions with

"get". Indiana University Linguistics Club.

Huddleston, Rodney; Pullum, Geoffrey (2002). The Cambridge Grammar

of the English Language. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University
Press.

Hurwitz, gregg. 2017. Buy a bullet. Britain:penguin random house

Miller, melissa. 2015. Dark path. Arizona:brown street books

Mukti. Hilman Fariz, Complete English Grammar, Yogyakarta: Absolut,

2006.

O'Grady, William, John Archibald, Mark Aronoff, and Janie Rees-Miller

(eds.) (2001). Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction Fourth edition.
Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's

Peters, Pam (2004). The Cambridge Guide to English Usage. Cambridge

University Press.

Pirog, nick. 2008. Unforseen. Amazon:library thing

Paler, F. R.2001, Mood and Modality, Cambridge University Presents,p.

33
Swan, Michael. 2005. Practical English Usage. New York: Oxford

Saeed, John (1997). Semantics. Oxford: Blackwell

Sujatna, E. T. S. 2012. Object Complements in English. Saarbrucken:

Lambert Academic Publishing.

Wicaksono. Imam Al-Hakam, English Grammar, Solo, Sendang Ilmu, 2010