Part III

Sample Questions in Animal Science

Section 1. Animal Breeding/Genetics

1. The functions of all genes are the following except

a Control the function of other (structural) genes

b. Copy or replicate itself

c. Store and transmit genetic information

d. Undergo mutation

2. Inbreeding depression in most reproductive traits in farm animals is caused by

a. Outcrossing

c. Species hybridization

b. Parent offspring mating

d. Upgrading

3. The American Brahman breed is an example of

a. Bos indicus (Zebu) cattle

b Bos indicus humpless cattle

c. Bos taurus humped cattle

d. Bos taurus humpless cattle

4. In the formula P (phenotype) = G (genetics) + E (environment), the following are

the types of gene action that may be exploited by crossbreeding except

a. Additive gene effects

c. Epistasis

b. Dominance

d. Overdominance
5. The following are examples of non-Mendelian inheritance except

a. Autosomal linkage

c. Cytoplasmic inheritance

b. Complete dominance

d. Pleiotropy

6. _____ leads to random genetic drift because of chance variation or

sampling effects/errors.

a. Migration

c. Selection

b. Non-random mating

d. Small population size

7. The magnitude of inbreeding depression in inbred populations depends on

a. Degree or coefficient of inbreeding

b. Dominance effect (d)

c. Frequency of heterozygotes before breeding (2pg)

d. All of the above

8. The average gestation period in the sow is

a. 114 days

c. 283 days

b. 148 days

d. 316 days

9. Duroc is a breed of

a. Beef cattle

b. Dairy cattle

c. Goat
d. Swine

10. When a gene suppresses the expression of its allele, the former is called the

dominant gene while the latter is referred to as the ______ gene,

a Homozygous

c. Regulator

b. Recessive

d Structural

11. _________ determines the sex of the individual

a Autosomes

C. Selection

b. Mating system

d. Sex chromosomes

12. ______ is the notation used to refer to the heterogametic sex chromosomes of a

hen

a. XX b. XY c.ZZ

d. ZW

12

13. _______ is the heterogametic sex in horses.

a. Male

c. Either male or female

b. Female

d. Both male and female

14. Milk production in cows and egg production in

quails are examples of economically important traits which are known as

a. Maternal effects c. Sex-limited

b. Sex-influenced

d Sex linked

15. ________ is when genes that are more closely linked tend to be inherited

together more often than those that are located further apart in the same

chromosome

a Autosomal linkage

c. Non-nuclear inheritance

b. Pleiotropy

d. Sex linkage

16. The following reproductive biotechnologies may be used to manipulate the

reproductive process in cattle, carabaos, horses and goats except

a. in vitro fertilization

c. Oocyte culture

b. Embryo transfer

d. Cloning

17. Value of heritability which suggests that all the phenotypic variation among the

individual in the population is due to additive and non-additive gene effects

a -1 b. 0

C +1

d. 2

18. Which of the following breed of livestock or poultry was not developed by Filipino

animal breeders at the U.P. College of Agriculture in the 1920s?

a Berkjala pigs

c. Pekin ducks

b. Los Baños Cantonese chickens d. Philamin cattle

19. The goal in inbreeding is to increase

a. Frequency of the homozygous dominant genotypes

b. Frequency of the homozygous recessive genotypes

c. Frequency of heterozygotes

d. A and B only

20. The Hardy Weinberg Law states that______ frequencies remain constant from

generation to generation provided that the population is large, mating is random

and that there is no migration, mutation, and selection

a. Gene and genotypic

b. Gene and phenotypic

C Genotypic and Phenotypic

d. Genetic

21. The following reproductive biotechnology increases the reproduction rate in the

bull, buck, boar, or ram

a: Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET).

b. Artificial insemination (AI)

c. in vitro fertilization (IVF)

d. Cryopreservation

22 In Mendel's Law of Segregation, the following are stated except

a. Genes determine characters

b. Genes accur in pairs

c. Only one of the gene pair is transmitted by a particular gamete

d. Segregation and recombination is random

23. In a segment of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). adenine is an example of

a Amino acid
c. Purine

b. Nucleotide

d. Pyrimidine

24. ______is the term for gametogenesis in the cow

a. Fertilization

c. Oogenesis

b. Heterosis

d. Spermatogenesis

25. _______is a segment of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which determines the

base sequence of nucleotide in the messenger ribonucleic acid (m-RNA) that

makes up the code for a certain biological function

a. Chromosome

c. Gene

b. Gamete

d. Genotype

26. _______is the process of the union of the sperm and the egg to form a zygote

which develops as a new individual.

a. Fertilization

c. Meiosis

b. Gametogenesis

d. Mitosis

27. _______is a process by which the germinal cells divide to produce haploid cells

each carrying only one-half of the genetic complement of the individual.

a. Fertilization

c. Meiosis
b. Gametogenesis

d. Mitosis

28. _____is the process of producing the reproductive cells

a. Fertilization

c. Meiosis

b. Gametogenesis

d. Mitosis

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is a spontaneous change in the biochemical structure of the gene

resulting in an entirely different phenotypic effect

a Migration

© Random genetic drift

b. Mutation

d Selection

30

is the process in which individuals from one population transfer to

another population

a Migration

C Random genetic drift

b. Mutation

d. Selection

31.

measures the proportion of the total phenotypic variance that are

attributable to the additive effects of genes that influence the trait

a Heritability

C Dominance

b. Repealability

d. Epistasis

32

is a result of crossbreeding characterized by a large

improvement in the average performance of the F1 progeny over that of the

parents

a Heterosis

c. Parmixia

b. Random genetic drift d Linkage

33

different

is when individuals of the same phenotype (positive) or

phenotype (negative) are mated

a Assortative

C. Non-random mating

b Outbreeding

d Panmixia

34.

is the capability of a phenotype and a corresponding genotype to

survive and reproduce in a given environment

a Epistasis C. Genotype x environment interaction

b. Fitness d. Panmixia

causes differential fitness among phenotypes

a. Migration

Random genetic drift

b. Mutation

d. Selection

is the change in population mean due to selection

Selection differential c Selection intensity

Response to selection de Genetic standard deviation

is the mating between animals less closely related than the

average of the group to which they belong

a Inbreeding

C: Outcrossing

Outbreeding

d. Crisscrossing

is the difference of the mean phenotypic value between the

Offspring of the selected parents and the whole of the parental generation

before selection

a Selection differential C. Selection intensity

b Response to selection d. Genetic standard deviation

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is when certain genotypes perform well under certain environments

than other genotypes

a Epistasis

C Genotype x environment interaction

b Fitness

d. Panmixia

40

a.

is a form on non-randam mating except

Assortative mating

Inbreeding

Disassortative

d Panmixia

41. The following are examples of outbreeding except

a Crossing of inbred lines

C Interspecific hybridization

b. Full sib mating

d. Upgrading

42. According to the Hardy-Weinberg Law, the following are factors that affect gene

and genotypic frequency in a breeding population except

a Migration

C Selection

b. Mutation

d. Vetrification

43. The following is a consequence of inbreeding except

a Exposure of undesirable recessive gene combinations

b. Hybrid vigor

c Inbreeding depression

d A and C only

44 The scientific name of chickens is

a Anas platyrynchus

c. Gallus gallus domesticus

b Columix columix japonica d. Meleagris gallopavo

45

is a technique wherein a young embryo is collected from a donor

female parent and then implanted into the uterus of a recipient

a Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET)

b. Artificial insemination (AI)

c in vitro fertilization (IVF)

Cryopreservation

46. In general, traits that are associated with reproduction (eg fertility and litter

size) have

heritabilities compared to those that are associated

with production and product quality traits (eg, growth rate and back fat

thickness)

a Higher

b. Lower C. The same d Unknown

47. The scientific name of goats is

a Bubalus bubalis
c. Equus caballus

b. Capra hircus

d. Ovis aries

48. The chromosome number of the carabao is

a 2n=38

c. 2n=54

b. 2n=48

d. 2n=78

49. The total number of carabaos owned mostly by smallholder farmers in the

Philippines is approximately

a. 30,000 b. 300,000 c. 3 million d. 30 million

is

50. The reproductive rate (i.e. expected number of young produced per year) in pigs

a. 0.5 b. 1 to 3 C. 10 to 25 d. 50 to 300

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