Hydrometeorology is a branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the

transfer of water and energy between the land surface and the lower atmosphere.

Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather

processes and forecasting

HYDROLOGY a science d ea lin g with the prope rt ie s, d istribu tion, and

circu lat io n of wat er o n an d be lo w the ea rth 's su rf ace a nd in t he
a tmosp he re

What Hydrologists Do?

Hydrologists apply scientific knowledge and mathematical principles to solve water-related
problems in society: problems of quantity, quality and availability. They may be concerned
with finding water supplies for cities or irrigated farms, or controlling river flooding or soil
erosion. Or, they may work in environmental

4 Spheres of the Earth?

1. The Geosphere contains all of the cold, hard solid land of the planet's crust (surface),
the semi-solid land underneath the crust, and the liquid land near the center of the
planet.
2. The hydrosphere contains all the solid, liquid, and gaseous water of the planet. It
ranges from 10 to 20 kilometers in thickness. The hydrosphere extends from Earth's
surface downward several kilometers into the lithosphere and upward about 12
kilometers into the atmosphere.
97%-Earth's water is salty.
3. The biosphere contains all the planet's living things. This sphere includes all of the
microorganisms, plants, and animals of Earth
4. The atmosphere contains all the air in Earth's system. • It extends from less than 1 m
below the planet's surface to more than 10,000 km above the planet's surface. • The
upper portion of the atmosphere protects the organisms of the biosphere from the
sun's ultraviolet radiation. It also absorbs and emits heat. When air temperature in
the lower portion of this sphere changes, weather occurs. As air in the lower
atmosphere is heated or cooled, it moves around the planet. The result can be as
simple as a breeze or as complex as a tornado.

How do the 4 spheres interact?

Examples • Humans (biosphere) built a dam out of rock materials (geosphere). • Water in
the lake (hydrosphere) seeps into the cliff walls behind the dam, becoming groundwater
(geosphere), or evaporating into the air (atmosphere). • Humans (biosphere) harness
energy from the water (hydrosphere) by having it spin turbines (geosphere) to produce
electricity

With a partner, practice describing interactions in this scene, tracing the movement of
materials or energy through all four of Earth's spheres if possible. Add this to your portfolio.
Exx. Cultivating the soil in the farm