CIVIL ENGG.

DEPARTMENT
BIRLA VISHVAKARAMA MAHAVIDYALAYA ENGG. COLLEGE
VALLABH VIDYANAGAR-388120
B.TECH-CIVIL ENGINEERING

TOPIC -Reservoir capacity, Reservoir sedimentation

and control
Subject – Hydrology and water resources Engineering
Subject code : 2150602

FACULTY GUIDE-
Pro. H.V. Patel Dhaval Parmar Sir
Assistant professor Adhok trainee assistant professor
Department of Civil Engineering

PREPARED BY : SAGAR SHAH

Id. No. : 17CE335
 Contents:-

 Introduction
 Reservoir capacity
 Reservoir Sedimentation
 Types of sediment
 Causes of sedimentation
 Reservoir sedimentation control
 Introduction:-

what is a Reservoir ?
It is an area developed by water
body due to construction of dam.
 Reservoir capacity:-
 Depends upon the inflow available
and demand.
 Inflow in the river is always greater
than the demand, there is no storage
required.
 If the inflow n the river is small but
the demand is high, a large reservoir
capacity is required.
 The required capacity for a reservoir
can be determined by the following
methods:-

1) Graphical method, using mass

curves.
2) Analytical method
 Reservoir sedimentation:-

 All rivers carry certain amount of water of

sedimentation which is produced due to
erosion in their catchment areas.
 These sediments are deposited in the
reservoir on the upstream of the dam
because of reduction of velocity.
 Sedimentation reduce the available
capacity of the reservoir.
 Continuous sedimentation, the useful life
of the reservoir goes on decreasing.
 If the soil in the catchment is loose and erodible,
the sediment load is large.
 In case of catchments having steep slopes, the
sediment load is large because of high velocity of
water.
 If the catchment area has no vegetal cover, the
soil is easily eroded and the sediment load is
large.
 If the intensity of rainfall is high, the discharge in
the river is increased and the sediment load is
large.
 Type of sediment
The sediment load carried by a river
may be divided into the following two
parts:-

1. Suspended load
2. Bed load
 Suspended load
The suspended load is that part of
the sediment load which does not
move in contact with the bed of
the river.
It consists of relatively finer
materials.
 Bed load
The bed load is that part of the
sediment load which moves in
contact with the bed of the river.
It consists of relatively coarser
materials.
 Causes of sedimentation

 Nature of soil in the catchment area

 Vegetation cover in the catchment area
 Topography of the catchment area
 Intensity of rainfall
 Cultivation of land
 Density currents:-
 Density current may be defined as a flow
of one fluid under another fluid of a
slightly different density under the effect
of gravity.
 In may reservoir density current are
usually developed, especially during flood
when rivers carry heavily sediment- laden
or muddy water.
 Measurement of sediment load:-

 The suspended sediment load of a stream

is measured by taking the samples of
water at various depths.
 The samples are weighted and filtered to
remove the sediment.
 The sediment is then dried and weighted.
 The sediment load is expressed in ppm
(parts per million)
Sediment load
 Trap efficiency:-
 Trapefficiency is defined as the percentage
of the sediment deposited in the reservoir
even inspite of taking precautions and
measures to control its deposition.
 Reservoir sedimentation control :-

In order to increase the useful life

of a reservoir, the rate of
deposition of sediments in the
reservoir should be decreased.
 Precautions of sedimentation control

 Selection of suitable site

 Proper design
 Control of sediment inflow
a) check dam b) vegetation screens
 Control of sediment deposition
 Removal of sediment deposits
 Soil conservation