REVIEWER IN ARTS 10 – FIRST QUARTER
THE ELEMENTS OF ARTS:
- The building blocks or ingredient of art
• LINE – a mark with length and direction; a
continuous mark made on a surface by a moving
point
• COLOR – consists of hue (another word for color),
intensity (brightness), and value (lightness and
darkness)
• VALUE – the lightness or darkness of a color
• SHAPE – an enclosed area defined and determined
by other art elements; 2-dimensional (ex. Triangle)
• FORM – a 3-dimensionall object or something in a 2-
dimensional artwork that appears to be 3-
dimensional (ex. Pyramid)
• SPACE – the distance or area between, around,
above, below or within things.
• TEXTURE – the surface quality or feel of an object;
smoothness, roughness, softness and etc.; it may be
actual/implied
THE PRINCIPLES OF ARTS:
- what we use to organize the element of art, or the tools to
make art
• BALANCE – the way the elements are arranged to
create a feeling of stability in a work.
o SYMMETRICAL BALANCE – the parts of an
image are organized so that one side
mirrors the other.
o ASYMMETRICAL BALANCE – when one side
of a composition doesn’t reflect the design
of the other.
• EMPHASIS – the focal point of an image or when
one area or thing stand out the most
• CONTRAST – a large difference between 2 things to
create interest and tension
• RHYTHM AND MOVEMENT – a regular repetition of
elements to produce look and feel of movement
• PATTERN AND REPETITION – repetition of a design
• UNITY – when all the elements and principles work
together to create a pleasing image.
• VARIETY – the use of differences and change to
increase the visual interest of the work
• PROPORTION – the comparative relationship of one
part to another with respect to size, quantity or
degree; scale.
IMPRESSIONISM:
Origins of the Movement
Impressionism was an art movement that emerged in the
second half of the 19th century among a group of Paris-
based artists. The duration of the impressionist
movement itself was quite short, less than 20 years from
1872 to the mid-1880s. But it had a tremendous impact
and influence on the painting styles that followed, such
as neo-impressionism, post-impressionism, fauvism, and
cubism—and even the artistic styles and movements of
today.
The name impressionism was coined from the title of a
work by French painter Claude Monet, Impression, soleil
levant (in English, Impression, Sunrise).
The term precisely captured what this group of artists
sought to represent in their works: the viewer’s
momentary “impression” of an image. It was not
intended to be clear or precise, but more like a fleeting
fragment of reality caught on canvas, sometimes in mid-
motion, at other times awkwardly positioned—just as it
would be in real life.
The Influence of Delacroix
One major influence was the work of French painter
Eugène Delacroix. Delacroix was greatly admired and
emulated by the early impressionists—specifically
for his use of expressive brushstrokes, his emphasis on
movement rather than on clarity of form, and most of all
his study of the optical effects of color.
In particular, Delacroix’s painting, The Barque of Dante,
contained a then revolutionary technique that would
profoundly influence the coming impressionist
movement. And it involved something as simple as
droplets of water.
When studied closely, it is seen that four different,
unmixed pigments—yellow, green, red and white—create
the image of each drop and its shadow. Viewed from a
little distance, these colors blend to represent individual
drops glistening with light. The distinct colors merge in
the eye of the viewer to appear monochromatic (single-
colored) or, in this case of water droplets, colorless. In
short, an impression is formed.
 REVIEWER IN ARTS 10 – FIRST QUARTER
A Break from Past Painting Traditions
Color and Light
The painting conventions and techniques of earlier art
periods were very much concerned with line, form, and
composition. In contrast, the impressionists painted
with freely brushed colors that conveyed more of a visual
effect than a detailed rendering of the subject. They
used short “broken” strokes that were intentionally
made visible to the viewer. They also often placed pure
unmixed colors side by side, rather than blended
smoothly or shaded. The result was a feeling of energy
and intensity, as the colors appeared to shift and move—
again, just as they do in reality.
“Everyday” Subjects
Impressionists also began to break away from the
creation of formally posed portraits and grandiose
depictions of mythical, literary, historical, or religious
subjects. They ventured into capturing scenes of life
around them, household objects, landscapes and
seascapes, houses, cafes, and buildings. They
presented ordinary people seemingly caught off-guard
doing everyday tasks, at work or at leisure, or doing
nothing at all. And they were not made to look beautiful
or lifelike, as body parts could be distorted and facial
features merely suggested by a few strokes of the brush.
Painting Outdoors
The location in which the impressionists painted was
also different. Previously, still lifes, portraits, and
landscapes were usually painted inside a studio.
However, the impressionists found that they could best
capture the ever-changing effects of light on
color by painting outdoors in natural light. This gave
their works a freshness and immediacy that was quite a
change from the stiffer, heavier, more planned paintings
of earlier masters.
Open Composition
Impressionist painting also moved away from the formal,
structured approach to placing and positioning their
subjects. They “experimented“ with unusual visual
angles, sizes of objects that appeared out of proportion,
off-center placement, and empty spaces on the canvas.
The Influence of Photography
Photography was in its early stages at this time as well.
As it gained popularity, photography inspired
impressionists to capture fleeting moments of action,
whether in landscapes or in the day-to-day lives of
people. But whereas camera snapshots provided
objective, true-to-life images, the artists were able to
offer a subjective view of their subjects, expressing their
personal perceptions rather than creating exact
representations. They also had the advantage of
manipulating color, which photography at that time still
lacked.
Works of Manet, Monet, and Renoir
1.) Edouard Manet (1832-1883) - was one of the first
19th century artists to depict modern-life subjects.
He was a key figure in the transition from realism to
impressionism, with a number of his works
considered as marking the birth of modern art.
HIS WORKS: Argenteuil, Rue Mosnier Decked With
Flags, Café Concert and The Bar at the Folies-
Bergere
2.) Claude Monet (1840-1926) - was one of the
founders of the impressionist movement along with
his friends Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and
Frédéric Bazille. He was the most prominent of the
group; and is considered the most influential figure
in the movement. Monet is best known for his
landscape paintings, particularly those depicting
his beloved flower gardens and water lily ponds at
his home in Giverny.
HIS WORKS: La Promenade, The Red Boats,
Argenteuil, Bridge Over a Pond of Water Lilies and
Irises in Monet’s Garden
3.) Auguste Renoir (1841-1919) - along with Claude
Monet, was one of the central figures of the
impressionist movement. His early works were
snapshots of real life, full of sparkling color and
light. By the mid-1880s, however, Renoir broke
away from the impressionist movement to apply a
more disciplined, formal technique to portraits of
actual people and figure paintings.
HIS WORKS: Dancer, A Girl with a Watering Can,
Mlle Irene Cahen d’Anvers and Luncheon of the
Boating Party
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
After the brief yet highly influential period of impressionism,
an outgrowth movement known as post-impressionism
emerged. The European artists who were at the forefront of
this movement continued using the basic qualities of the
impressionists before them—the vivid colors, heavy brush
strokes, and true-to-life subjects. However, they expanded
 REVIEWER IN ARTS 10 – FIRST QUARTER
and experimented with these in bold new ways, like using a
geometric approach, fragmenting objects and distorting
people’s faces and body parts, and applying colors that were
not necessarily realistic or natural.
1.) Paul Cézanne (1839–1906) was a French artist and
post-impressionist painter. His work exemplified
the transition from late 19th-century impressionism
to a new and radically different world of art in the
20th century—paving the way for the next
revolutionary art movement known as
expressionism.
HIS WORKS: Hortense Fiquet in a Striped Skirt, Still
Life with Compotier, Harlequin and Boy in a Red
Vest
2.) Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) was a post-
impressionist painter from The Netherlands. His
works were remarkable for their strong, heavy brush
strokes, intense emotions, and colors that
appeared to almost pulsate with energy. Van Gogh’s
striking style was to have a far-reaching influence
on 20th century art, with his works becoming among
the most recognized in the world.
HIS WORKS: Sheaves of Wheat in a Field, The
Sower, Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers,
Bedroom at Arles, Starry Night and Wheat Field with
Cypresses
EXPRESSIONISM:
(A Bold New Movement)
In the early 1900s, there arose in the Western art world a
movement that came to be known as expressionism.
Expressionist artists created works with more emotional
force, rather than with realistic or natural images. To achieve
this, they distorted outlines, applied strong colors, and
exaggerated forms. They worked more with their imagination
and feelings, rather than with what their eyes saw in the
physical world.
Among the various styles that arose within the expressionist
art movements were:
• NEOPRIMITIVISM - was an art style that incorporated
elements from the native arts of the South Sea
Islanders and the wood carvings of African tribes
which suddenly became popular at that time. Among
the Western artists who adapted these elements
was Amedeo Modigliani, who used the oval faces and
elongated shapes of African art in both his
sculptures and paintings.
(Modigliani’s Works: Head and Yellow Sweater)
• Fauvism - was a style that used bold, vibrant colors
and visual distortions. Its name was derived from les
fauves (“wild beasts”), referring to the group of
French expressionist painters who painted in this
style. Perhaps the most known among them was
Henri Matisse.
(Matisse’s Works: Woman with Hat, Blue Window)
• Dadaism - was a style characterized by dream
fantasies, memory images, and visual tricks and
surprises—as in the paintings of Marc Chagall and
Giorgio de Chirico. Although the works appeared
playful, the movement arose from the pain that a
group of European artists felt after the suffering
brought by World War I. Wishing to protest against
the civilization that had brought on such horrors,
these artists rebelled against established norms and
authorities, and against the traditional styles in art.
They chose the child’s term for hobbyhorse, dada, to
refer to their new “non-style.”
(de Chirico’s Work: Melancholy and Mystery of a
Street)
(Chagall’s Work: I and the Village)
• Surrealism - was a style that depicted an illogical,
subconscious dream world beyond the logical,
conscious, physical one. Its name came from the
term “super realism,” with its artworks clearly
expressing a departure from reality—as though the
artists were dreaming, seeing illusions, or
experiencing an altered mental state.
Many surrealist works depicted morbid or gloomy
subjects, as in those by Salvador Dali.
Others were quite playful and even humorous, such
as those by Paul Klee and Joan Miro.
(Dali’s Work: Persistence of Memory)
(Klee’s Work: Diana)
(Miro’s Work: Personages with Star)
• Social Realism - The movement expressed the
artist’s role in social reform. Here, artists used their
works to protest against the injustices, inequalities,
immorality, and ugliness of the human condition. In
different periods of history, social realists have
addressed different issues: war, poverty, corruption,
industrial and environmental hazards, and more—in
the hope of raising people’s awareness and pushing
society to seek reforms. Ben Shahn’s Miners’ Wives,
for example, spoke out against the hazardous
conditions faced by coal miners, after a tragic
 REVIEWER IN ARTS 10 – FIRST QUARTER
accident killed 111 workers in Illinois in 1947,
leaving their wives and children in mourning.
Pablo Picasso’s Guernica has been recognized as
the most monumental and comprehensive
statement of social realism against the brutality of
war. Filling one wall of the Spanish Pavilion at the
1937 World’s Fair in Paris, it was Picasso’s outcry
against the German air raid of the town of Guernica
in his native Spain.

Created in the mid-1900s, Guernica combined artistic

elements developed in the earlier decades with those still to
come. It made use of the exaggeration, distortion, and shock
technique of expressionism. At the same time, it had
elements of the emerging style that would later be known as
CUBISM.

Quotes that might help :>

“If you fail an examination, it means you have not

yet master the subject. With diligent study and
understanding, you will succeed in passing the
exams.”
- Lailah Gifty Akita

“There are no secrets to success. It is the result

of preparation, hard work learning from failure.”
- General Colin Powell

“My advice is, never do tomorrow what you can do

today. Procrastination is the thief of time.”
– Charles Dickens ‘David Copperfield’

Note:
Pansin niyo, medyo mahaba yung description haha!
Pero hinighlight ko na naman yung mga important
details. Di ko na rinemove yung iba since kung
maguluhan kayo, reading supporting details
might help 😊

Yun lang. Enjoy studying and good luck in your

exams! Kaya natin ito, laban lang.

(10E,G13)