m

RIBLIOTHECA ORIENTALIA
.. . . . -. . -- ... . -. . ..

OPHC
CAHKT- IIETEPIjYPI'
1993
 Hepeeon OcyuecTeneH no s a ~ a s yTOO u A c ~ a -
npecc IT&
P ~ K O M ~ H A OBB ~neqaTb
HO CaH~~-ne~epbypr-
CKHM MeAUUHHCKWM HHCTHTyTOM WM.
aKaneMwKa M. n. naenoea
uBIBLIOTHECA ORIENTALIA w -
A. M. Ijpecnaseu

@ TOO uAc~a-npeccITA,, 1991 r.- nepeeon

@ X y n o x e c ~ ~ e o~ +~oope~ n e s u eT. T. C e ~ e ~ o r , 1 S B L 5-88436-019-3
 BBEAEHME

AAOCM3M M TPq4MLJMOHHbIE K U T A ~ C K M E
CMCTEMbI
I ~ C M X W M ~EMCYK OTPEHMPOBKM
~
AaOCU3M - OAHO M3 BeAyUJMX ~ ~ A M ~ M O ~ H O - $ M A O C O $ C K H X
)WeHMfi KMTM M~ Y A A H ~ M O M O
( H a p X ~ yC K O H ( $ ~ ~ J U ~ H C T B OM ) ,K a -
3 a B U l e e OI'pOMHOe BAUXHMe H a ( $ o p M M p o ~ a H M e U Pa3BMTMe BCeX
CTOPOH ' I ~ ~ M L J M O H HKO
M~T $ C K O ~ ~ KyAbTYPbI, B TOM 'IMCAe M M e -
TOAOB I I C U X O ~ U ~ M ~TPeHMPOBKM,
~CKO~~ H a I I p M M e p , , B "BOMHCKHX
U C K ~ C C T B ~ X "(y MY). O A H ~ KllpeXAe
O, ' E M rOBOPMTb 0 Hello-
C ~ ~ A C T B ~ HCBX3M
H O ~ ~AaOCCKMX u ~ e kM A ~ O C C K OP~~ A M ~ M O ~ H O ~
IIPaKTMKM C I I C M X O $ M ~ U ' I ~ C K O' I~p~e H M p o ~ K o f i I I p e & C T a B M e T C X
H ~ O ~ X O A M M ~CIKMa 3 a T b HeCKOAbKO CAOB 06 UCTOPMM C a M O r O JWe-
HCUI. BCX UCTOPCUI AaOCM3Ma M O X e T 6 b 1 ~ bp a 3 A e A e H a H a A B a 3 T a -
 na: nepuoA ~ a I1 B. H.
s a p o x ~ e ~Hm+OPMMPOB~HHII ~ a o c u 3 (AO
y x e c@op~uponaemerocx
3.) M n e p w o A p a 3 B H T n x HanpanaeHMrr.
~ ~ ~ A ~ O C ~B03HMKHOBeHMII
I A K U A W C M 3 M a KOPeHMAMCb B peAUI'M-
03HbIX IIpeACTaBAeHmX ~ p e n ~ e k r u u~xM ~ a i i l J e I~T ,p e X A e BCerO,
B BePOBaHMIIX IIIaMaHMCTCKOI'O T M n a C O ~ C T B ~ HAH a oOC C, K M Pe-
AWI'MX U H p e A C T a B M e T w6oii P 3 y A b T a T O P I ' ~ . H M ' I ~ C K O3BOAIO-
~
JJHM M T P ~ H C @ O P M ~ I J M M 3TMX P a H H M X @OPM PeAMI'MM. BOJMOX-
HO, YTO MCTOKM A m C U 3 M a CBX3aIibI C LIIaMaHCKMMM BeP0B;LHWi-
. MM y a p C T B a Yy (6acceii~p e K M I I ~ y s a r )H BII'luIAaM M W O B (@ax-
~2.4)CeBepO-BOCTO'IHbIX IJapCTB I I e p M O A a luvaHb 2 0 - y M M I I H ~
(V-111 B. A 0 H. 3.)'. B IV-111 B. A 0 H. 3. npeAIIpMHMMaIOTCX
C e p b e 3 H b I e nOIIbITKH T e O P T M ' I e C K O r O OCMbICAeHMII IIpeACTaBAe-
@ O P M M P O B ~ ~ H X C IBI n P e A b I A Y 4 Y I O 3 n O X y , B
H H ~ ,C T M X U ~ ~ H O
CBOIO O ' I e p e A b O ~ ~ C A O B A ~ H H ~ I ~ pa-
COlJMUbHO-3KOHOMM'IeCKMM
BHTMeMK M TT ~o r 0 BPeMeHM. OHMnPMBOAXT K B03HMKHOBeHMlO
+MAOCO@MM Aao-H~TMM npucyyeii e M y 6~aroii C M A ~ I83, B n o c -
AeACTBHM c ~ a s ~ u eMf iI p a T b p o A b AWCCKO
p e~h~u r ~ 0 3 ~ 0 @MAOCO-
fi
+MU. TO yZIeHue ( " U I K O A ~ 8ao-a3", 8ao-83 +R) npeAcTasAeHo
VI -
B TaKMX I I W T H M K a X , KOK I I ~ M I I M c ~ I B ~ I O I L J M @MAOCOC$Y
~CJI
V B. AO H. 3. h a o - y s b r A a o - ~ 3Y B M H H C o ' I u H e H u e +mow@a
IV-111 B. A 0 H. 3. YxyaH-IJ3b1, H Z B a H H O e no er0 UMeHM2 .
B~ec~ C e
T e M , aBTOPb1 Aa.HHbrX TeKCTOB e 4 e H e nOAb3OBa-
AMCb CaMMM H a 3 B a H H e M " A W C H ~ M " , ' I T 0 CBHAeTeAbCTBYeT 0 TOM,
'IT0 IIOlBAeHUe P e H U I I 0 8 ~ M0 83 e y e H e 0 3 H a ' I U O BOSHMKHO-
B e H H X A W C H 3 M a K a K I J ~ A O C T H OU
~A~ ~OAOI'U'I~CKO ~~
CMCTeMbI. M3
A ~ ~ ~ YnOMXHyTb h e - g 3 b 1 (he
A p y r M X ApeBHMX M ~ I C A U T ~CAeAyeT
'wfi~0y- CM. T a M me.) M CKAOHHOI'O K 3KAeKTM3My hI0 AHII
(Xy a f i a~ ~ b - I33b1) 3. AWCMBMK a K P a 3 B M T U PeAMI'MII @ O P M M P ~ -

Ymaxo-u, (Boproqweca yapma) - uc~opusec~uii n UOA V-111 a. no H. 3,

KorAa Ku~a; 6ua p a 3 ~ e ~ aHai sp-ylolywe ~ e m my ?ok rocynapcTBl %a -
q a p c m Ha c e s e p o - m o ~ eKUT~B;
ero cToauya HaxoAuaacb B paiio~ec o ~ p e ~ e m i o -
ro n e ~ w ~yua - qapcmo B aocmwoir sacru KUTU, rrpu6~u3u~e~b~o B paiio~e
w s p w m o i i npoewquu LU~HSA~H.
eTcx H a py6exe H. 3. B p e 3 y a b ~ a ~Ce M H T T
~ u~n o~A o r u r e c K w
~ A M ~ K MPeAMrM03HbIX
X M P ~ A H ~ M O ~ H O - ~ H A O C O @ C KH
MaX
npaBAe-
~ ~ Pi eiH :M x o aao M a3 ~ m - g s bM ~Y X Y = - ~ ~ ~ +MAOCO+MM
I, Ha-
T ~ ~ @ M A O C O @ O (Bu ~ b - R N ys), KOHTJellLJMM A y X a ( E U ~ N ~ )K, a K
I l p e A e A b H O r O BbIpiDKeHMIl " ~ p 0 T J e C C a M ~ M ~ H ~ H M IM
TJ 3M H a
I"
( " K ~ u r an e p e ~ e ~ "mpo~mufi
), L U ~ ~ - O y,
B M a r o B - @an-
utu ti AOK'I'pMHbI ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ TCBxTbIX
H ~ I X(CIIH~; W 3 H b C R I C ~ ) . 8 0 3 -
HUKHOBeHMe Pa3BMTOrO AaOCM3Ma O T M e q e H O H a q a h O M IlpOTJeCCa
ero o p r a ~ u 3 a y ~ o ~o
~+ r op u e ~ mT
oo . ~ Kno, 11 B. H. 3. noxnm-
eTcx nepnoe o @ o p u e ~ ~Aoa eo c c K o e H a n p a n A e H u e - ruKoAa
" I l y ~ uH e G e c ~ b ~H x~ C T ~ B H M K O B "( m a n b w u aao; A p y r o e ee H a -
- y 8oy ,w aao) 4 , n o 3 ~ ~ nepe-
3 n a n ~ 'e' l l y ~ b n5ITI.I M e p p c l c a ee
U M e H O B W H Z R B B K O A y " ~ Y T U UCTMHHOI'O ~ ~ U H C T B (~W
" ~H U
8 ~ 0 ) l. l e p n a r ~ee na'I'puapxoM (" T ~ B H M K O M)"
H ~ ~ ~ C H H~~ IC M
C'iUTaeTCS %aH A~OAMH,
X K O ~ ~
n oI ~ y . r w ~ L U u fHOBO€?
i OTKpOBe-
H u e OT O ~ O X ~ C T B A ~ H H O
A a~0O- 1 ~ 3 b 1 ( A m - T J 3 I O H a ) M npano 6b1~b
ero HmecTHuKoM H a 3eue. TOT TMT~A nepeAaeTcx B po~y
YXW no HaCAeACTBy BnAOTb A 0 HaCTOXuJerO B P M e H M
5
. B IV B.
BOBHUKaIOT ABe HOBbIe AaOCCKMe LUKOAbI - LUKOAa M m m m b
(~a3~m a no rope,
TaK ~ o ~ o p oo Hk a 6 b 1 ~ aO c H o B m a , ee ~ p y -
Ha
roe H a 3 B W M e - Ualt ZjUM, T. e. " B b ~ c r u m'IMCTOT~") M UIKOAa
Aunbao ("Ayxon~ax~ ~ ~ ~ o T J ~ H H o c T06e
~ " )3TM
. IIIKOAbI Clpe-
M U M C b COBMeCTMTb C H M B O A H ~ ~ ~ C K
PMTYaAM3M
H~~ " H e 6 e c ~ b 1 xH a -
CT;LBHMKOB" C O K K ~ A ~ T H O - ; L I \ X M M M ~ ~ C~pwwgnek
KO~~ IOXHOKM-
T ~ ~ ~ C K AaOCM3Ma
O ~ O U YAeMIAM 3Ha'lMTeAbHOe B H M M W M e n p M -
e M a M MeAMTaTMBHOrO COBePLJmMII. B 3T0 Xe B P M I I HaqMHaeT
@ O P M M P O B ~ T ~ C InOAHOe
I co6pmue A ~ O C C K O~ ~~ A U ~ M OAMTe-
~ H O ~

3
Y a c ~ u q ~ bnepesoA
~ii XyakHaHb-g361 CM.: no~epaluqe6aA. E, n o 3 w u e Aaocsl o
rrpupone, 06lyecree u ucKyccTee. M., 1979.
4
Ha3eana TaK no p u q a b ~ o ~~anory
y - mm MepaM ( a q ) puca, ~3u~asmerocfl
?pU ITPWIIITUH )'YeHURIlIKOAbl "He6ec~b1x
H~CT~BHUKOB'.

' I.&cT~A~cXT qmpTblfi " H e 6 e m i i HXT~BHUK"

U3 pOAa HaXOAUTCX B Ha-
cToxlyee ~pehwB 3 ~ u l p a ~ ) u
Hau Taiisane.
p a w b l (A a0 ,
LJ 3 a H ) YTO T a m e CBUACreAbCTByeT 0 KOHWAM-
6
AaLJMM BCeX AaOCCKMX ~ a n p a n ~ e ~B u
P ak
M K a X e ~ u ~ PAMrMM.
ok
B VII -VIII B. nOA BAUAHMeM 6 y u u 3 ~ B a A m C M 3 M e IIOXBM-
eTCX MOHaIIleCTBO M MOHaCTbIPH, ' I T 0 6 b 1 ~ 0Y y X A O YCTaUOBKaM
IIepBOHaYaAbHOrO A m C M 3 M a B 3T0 Xe B p e M YCMAMBZleTCII T e H -
AeHLJMX K AOMldHMPOBaHMIO B A ~ D C C K OP~~ A H ~ U O ~ HPaKTMKe
H O ~ ~
nCMXOTeXHMYeCKMX MeTOAOB ~ 0 3 ~ p L J a ~ e A bMeAMTaLJMM.
~ o k OC-
HOBHOe B H U M m M e Ha'IMHZleT YAeAXTbCX ITpMeMaM B H y T e H H e r O
C2MOCOBepIIleHCTBOBaHUX. . A W H ~ HTTHAeHLJMII nPMBOAMT K no-
XBAeHMlO B XI1 B. B C e B e P H O M KMTX HOBbIX AaOCCKMX IIIKOA,
~ a x ~ e k r uHm
3 KOTOPbIX - II1KOAa " ~ Y T MC O B ~ P U I ~ H H MCTM-
O~
H ~ I " ( q K U % b U 3 H b ZJ3X.O) CTWOBMTWI B e A Y y M M AaDCCKMM H a -
I l p a B A e H M e M BnAOTb A0 HaCTOXIIJerO BpeMeHM. OCHOBHO~
BHUMP-
HMe 3 T a UlKOAa YAensleT Hpa5CTBeHHOMy WBepIlIeHCTBOBaHMKl M
A ~ O C C K On ~
p a K T M K e peAMrM03HOrO CO3ePLJaHMII; &AH H e e T a K m e
XapaKTepHO ~ p e 6 o ~ m wO e~ R ~ ~ T ~ AIIPHHIITMII
~ H O ~ OMOHaIlleCTBa
&U AyXOBeHCTBa (8a0 w ) .
A ~ D C C K OPeAMrMM
~ X a p a K T e p H a B e p a B B03MOXHOCTb 06-
PeTeHUX ( P U ~ M Y ~ C K O~ ~~ OC C M ~ ~' ITe pMe 3XAOCTMmeHMe eAMHCTBa
C Aao - OC~H O B O ~ ~ ~ I T U I Ia, T a m e CO BCeM
O H T O A O ~ H Y ~ C KO
KOCMOCOM B LJeAOM IIOCpeACTBOM UXMMMM, 6 0 r o c ~ y x e ~M~ k
p a 3 p a 6 0 ~ m ~ b lnxp u e M o B n c ~ x o + ~ 3 ~ ~ eTcp ~
e HoMrHor a
A a O c b 1 C Y M T W T , YTO MX yYeHMe BOCXOAMT KO B p e M e H a M MM-
(Pusec~okA F B H O C T M , KOrAa ero T a k H b l ~ ~ I AOTKpbITbI
M XeAl.0-
M y UMnepaTOpy ( X ~ ~ H A M ~) .O ~ T O MMHOrAa
Y AaOCM3M Ha3bIBa-
e T u z y u e ~ u Xym-AM
e~ M A m - g 3 b 1 (Xyan-Aao uw w e ) . B I I B.
0 6 0 x e c ~ ~ n s l eM
~ cC ~
a M Am-LJ3b1 KaK A ~ o - L J ~ K ) H (~ r o c y ~ a p b
Am), 1 k B o n A o u j e H u e UM
p a c c ~ a T p u ~ a e ~ bKaK T e A o Aao (aao-
ltmu ~ 3 aao
~ 6 ,iulcu mu, aaollmu cun), a ero nepeoe " H B A ~ H M ~ "
~ p e ~ ~ o Co
c p e ~ uh I O ~ e i in e p e H o c M T c X B r ~ y 6 0 ~ a i i r u y m c ~~bp .e -
M e H e M ( K XI1 B.) +OPMMPOBWU~ AaOCCKOrO n a s i T e o l I a sanepma-

0 A a o y 3 alre CM.: OAF K, R OYOPKUCTOPUU A a o w o m K I U ~ O H ~ ya-

w ) .M 3 ~ e mAK~~~M Haylc
H UCCCP. OTA~A~HUCIYMWHTapHblX HayK. M.,1930,
c. 239-249; Kob-JdeflA. N., Mopo3ofla H.B., To uxofl E. A. MOCKOXK~R
"Co~po-
BulyHclrJa Aao". - H a p o w A3uu u A$PUKU.166.M6.
eTCR. B IjeHTpe er0 HaXOAMTCR " T p ~ u aYCICT~IX" ( C U H ~ YUH)
HAM " H e 6 e c ~ b l eA O C T O ~ O Y T ~ H H ~ (I ~n "u ~ ~ 3b y H b ) - n e p c O H M -
+ M K ~ J J M MaCneKTOB duo. CIOAa Xe BXObpT ~ O X ~ C T B ~ - ~ M ~ H ~ ~
Aao, COOTBeTCTByIOyMe IIOCAeAOBaTeAbHblM 3 T a n a M IIpOJJeCCa
CO3AaHMII M M P a , PaCCMaTi3MBaBILlerOCR A;LOCaMM K a K C a M O p a 3 -
BepTblBaHMe duo.
A~IOCM~M
O K Z K U O n p e A e A e H H O e BAMXHMe H a Pa3BMTMe Ta-
AMJJMOHHbIX +OPM HaY'IHOrO 3HaHMX B CpeAHeBeKOBOM K w ~ a e .B
~ ~ C T H O C T M3, W I I T M A~OCCKOa
~ n x w ~ e i icnoco6c~oooan~ Ha-
KOnAeHHK) 6ora~oro3MnMpHYeCKOrO M a T e p u a n a B O ~ A X T M XM-
MMYeCKMX 3 ~ ; L H w k . O ~ a 3 a r \ B A M H M e A;LDCM3M M H a MeAMJJMHY,
K ~ K
B c+epe T e o p u M ( A a o c c ~ o ey r e H n e o n o ~ o u6e n o~n e~u e c K o -
r0 T e n & MMKPOKOCMP, M K ~ A ~ H H OAaoCCKMe
~ , TeOPMM ~ Y H K L J H -
O H M p B a H M X M CTPOCHMX O P ~ ~ H M ~ M PT)a,K M nPaKTMKM (MTAOTC-
BX~) . e
P'iUIMR, ( # ~ ~ ~ M ~ K o A o ~ M c C~ Tee M 3AeMeHTbI Ha'j'iHOrO 3Ha-
HMX ~ ~ I ATeCHO
M CBX3allbl B AaOCM3Me C er0 peAMrM03HO-MMCTH-
~ec~o
A OkK T P M H O ~ M B H e ee H e npMBAeKaM MHTepeCa q e n T O B
AaOCM3Ma.
B CpeAHMe B e K a AaoCM3M CTaA ~ e o l - b e ~ ~ YeX~Tob lko K H T ~ ~ -
CKOrO peAMn.lO3HOrO CMHKPeTM3Ma, C b l v a B B e C b M a aKTMBHYk0
POAb B e T 0 +OPMMPOBWMM. A ~ ~ c uaKTMBH0
~ M Y e p n U M3 H a p o A -
HbIX~ e p o ~ m wMaTepMa.4
k &M C B o e r o K'jAbTa M n m T e O H a , nepe-
OCMblCAHB;LII, OAHaKO, er0 B COOTBeTCTBMM CO C B O W B e p y l i e H M -
em. K p o ~ TOrO,
e A ~ O C M ~ M6, y ~ p u
~ P H ~ H ~ XMH 3a~acly10
O ~ no-
K ~ O B M T ~ A ~ C T B ~HMnePCKWMM
~ M O ~ BAXTIIMM OPKI~~M~OB~HHO
p e a ~ r ~ eH ka BCeM I l p T X X e H M M C B O MCTOPWM
~ ~ BMeCTe C KOH-
~OPOACII KPK C " e p e c X ~ M " ypaBHMTeAbH0-YTOnW-
+YI~M~HCTBOM
s e c ~ o kHAM " M ~ C C M ~ C K O OKPXKM,
~~" a T a m e He noAneprrun-
rrepepa60~~e
MMCX A ~ Q c C K O ~ AOKUbHbIMM HapOAHbIMH KyAbTa-
MM. CA~AY ~T
BMeCTe C T e M OTMeTMTb OI'pOMHOe BAMRHMe A m C -
C K O ~ MAeOAOrMM Ha O ~ ~ ~ K M T ~ ~~ Ca Kp M
~ ~~ bn Al a CkT
peAMrMO3HbIX ~ e p o ~ a € M Bk K
, O T O p~e ~
HM~e 0 6 e c c ~ e p ~BbI-
~w
CTJ'naeT KaK KyAbT AOArOAeTMX, a A O K T ~ U Hdao
~ K a K MCTOY HMKa
XM3HM - B BHAe KyAbTa MHOrOAeTHOCTH, ~ O ~ ~ T C T
CYaCTbR
B ~ , M
T. n.
Aaocc~ueXe e p e C U KaK CaMOCTORTeAbHO, T a K M B KOMnAeK-
ce c MAenMM A p y r M x p e ~ n r u k~ ~ I A3auac~y10
M w~eo~oruuec~oii
O C H O B O ~ ~aIiTMnpZ3BMTeAbCTBeHHbIX T a i i ~ b l x CeKT M 06yec~~
(Taiinuni3ao - "nyTb BeAMKOrO pZ3BeHcTBaV, 6 a h ~ b -
~ 0
"yYeHMe 6eA0r0 AOTOC~" M ~ p . )M KPeCTbRHCKMX B O C C T ~ H M ~ ~
(H a I I p V l M e p , BOCCTaIiMe "X~ATMX I I O B X ~ O K " , COKpyllrMBlIIee AM-
HXTMIO X a ~ b- 184 r. H. 3.).
A ~ O C M ~OKa3bIBa.A
M CMAbHOe M IIOCTOIIHHOe BAMXHMe H a AM-
TepaTJIpy, MCKyCCTBO M A p y r M e X n e K T b I T p ~ ~ y n o ~KMTafi-
~ofi
CKOG KYAbTYPbI.
B HaCTORrrJee BpeMII B KHP C y Y e C T B y e T A c c o g c l a g ~ xn o a e -
~ 0 B a T e A e f iAaOCM3Ma, KOTOPYIO C 1980 r. BO3rAaBAReT C B R g e H -
H O C A y X M T e A b IIIKOAbI Y W H b W 3 H b 253x0 hM K ~ H ~ XA~~HC. H ~
BeCbMa IIOnyAXpeH H a Taiinme M C R H r a H e ,
( ~ O H K O H ~ C )a T a m e
O X~ Y M HB 3 M M v a Y M M .
CpeAM K M T ~ ~ ~ C K M
Bax~ekrnefi~ ~ e ~ea ok c c ~ o+MAOCO+MM
fi x B M e T c x yueHHe o
Aao- n y T M IIepBOOCHOBe M 3aKOHOMePHOCTM 6 6 1 ~ ~ 5.BCerO
- 1
CyrrJerO. Aao - O A H a M3 OCHOBHbIX K a T e r o p M k B C ~ GK M T ~ ~ ~ C K
p c
~ y n b ~ yM bn~ e y ~ + ~ . r e c ~xmxe-rcx
oii A M I L I ~ ee ~ a o c c u~H Ta e p
~-
npeTayux.
(AOCAOBHO - ''ny~b") B A m C M 3 M e B b I C T y n a e T OAHO-
B p e M e H H O M KPK C ~ ~ C T ~ H Y M X - O C H OMB ~K a K 3aKOHOMePHOCTb
B c e r o cyyero, 3 a K O H CIIOHTaHHOI'O ~ ~ I T KOCMOCa,
M YeAOBeKa H
o 6 y e c ~ OHO ~ a T a K m e PaCCMaTpMBaOCb KaK n O p O X A a r o y e e Ha-
i j ) .n p M c y q a 6 ~ a -
" o ~ ~ e 6 e c ~ oAao
q u o B c e r o cyqero ( " ~ a ~ b n
r a H CCMA a3 ((AOCAOBHO - " A O ~ ~ O A ~ T ~ A nOCpeACTBOM
~ " ) , KOTO-
p0fi O H 0 nPOXBAReT ce6x B M M F , n p M Y e M KOHeYHbIe B e q M P a C -
C M a T p M B W T C X K a K B O n A O u J e H H b I e MAM 0 @ 0 p M A e ~ M eAao. Aao
M O X e T T a m e BbICTJIIIaTb CMHOHMMOM eAMHOrO MMPOBOrO YeAO-
ro (aa qaii - " n e n c l ~ ~ iKOM").
i
K BeAyyMM AaDCCKMM KOHYCIIYMRM OTHOCXTCR TaKXe
CT~~ O
IIpHHJJMnbI Zj3bl X U H b ( C ~ M O ~ C T ~ C T B ~ H H O C , HT~I~H J? C T
MO
635 ( H ~ A ~ x H U ~n)e.p B b 1 f i M3 HMX AOCAOBHO 0 3 H a Y a e T "TO, YTO
CaMO no ce6e (2$3bt) TPKOBO, KaKOBO O H 0 e C T b (XfZHb)". A p- y- r M -
MM CAOBaMM, p e Y b MAeT 0 TOM, YTO Aao ~ ~ C O A H J T HCOB O ~ O A H O ,
H H O T Y e r 0 H H O r O H e 3ZiBMCMT M C A e A y e T AMUlb C B O C
~ O~~ C T B ~ H -
HOG IIpMPOAe. K 3TOMY Xe COCTORHMIO A Y X O B H O ~P~a C K p e n O U J e H -
HOCTM A O A X e H C T M M T b C X M MYAPeIJ, X e ~ ~ y M nOCTMYb
f i &o.
 B~opoen o m T M e npeAn0narae.r o T c y T c T s w e M y &o, u y yno-
~ 0 6 ~ ~ ~ 1 e reoMcy .Mxy A p e g a I I ~ ~ M ~ B O Age~enoaaram
~ H O ~ y e k Ae-
IITeAbHOCTM, H e C O ~ A ~ C HC OeCTeCTUeHHbIM
~ MHPOIIOPIIAKOM, OC-
H O B m H b I M H a CA0HT;UIHOCTM CaMOrO &o. My~peJ.jH e AOAXeH
MCXOM M3 C O ~ C T B ~ H H ~CY~XKTCIBIU)
IX Ol'PaHMVeHHbIX X ~ A W M ~
C T P ~ C TH~ MHTePeCOB
~ I I P O T M U O A ~ ~ C T B O BIIPMPOAe
~T~ OKpyXi2IO-
IIJHX ero neyeii, CyIIJeCTB, ~ O ~ T ~ C
C OI ~IC T O J I T ~ A ~ C T B ~ M H .Ha-
n p o T H B , OH AOAXeH " C A ~ A O U ~ BT e~y a M " (luyHb y ) . HO C ~ p y r o k
CTOpOHbI, MyApeLJ M O X e T , HCnOAb3yII CBOe IIOCTMXeHMe I I p H p o -
Ab1 TOG MAM M H O B
~ e y H , nOCTaBHTb ee ce6e H a C A Y X ~ Y , K a K 6b1
" I I A ~ I T ~no T e s e H H r o B H ~ X H O M ~ a n p a u ~ e ~ r~Iuo "c .~ u x e ~ u e
IIpHpOAbl BeIIJek, C O r A X O U m H O C T b C H e 6 n 0 3 B O M e T "M~KOMY
n o 6 e ~ ~ Ta B~~ b~ A O ~""c, ~ a 6 o ~n pye B 0 3 M O r a T b cMA~Ho~o". yXe
OTClOAa BHAHO, IITO nPHHLJHnb1 lj3bZ XZHb M Y 836 C T a M BZVKH bI-
MH UCTOVHMKaMM MeTOAOAOrMYeCKMX M MHPOB033PeH'leCKHX OC-
K M
H O B ~ H ~ T ~ ~ C KCHCTeMbI
O ~ IIcMxoC$H~HV~CKO~~
TpeHMpOBKM,
I I ~ U M ~ H X B U I ~ ~BC TOM
X, VMCAe, M B BOMHCKMX ~ A H H O ~ O ~ C T B ~ X
T l p ~ n e A eB ~K a q e c T n e m a I o c q a g M w H e c K o a b K o n p m M e p o n ~3
7
Aao A3 g3MHa :
1. " T a ~ m06pa30~,c o s e p r u e ~ ~ b~~ yk ~ p ne p ge 6 b 1 n a e ~ n
HeAeIIHMM M nOTOMy H e 3 H X T n 0 p a X e H M k ; H H 38 VTO H e A e p -
XHTCX M nOTOMy H e 3 H X T I I o T ~ P ~ " ($ 64).
2. "X0poUIMk BOHH H e BOMHCTBeHeH, X O ~ ~ U I 6oey
H ~ He
rHeBAMB. y ~ e l O y M kXOporJIO n o 6 e x + j a ~ b B p X O B H e nPOTHB0-
6 0 p c ~ ~ cy HMMM"
e~ ($ 68).
3. " f l p M ~ e t L R l O y M eO p y X M e rOBOpIIT: H e CMelO CTaTb XO-
3XMHOM M AOBOAbCTBylOCb pOAblO rOCTII. He CMeIO nP0ABMHYTbC.R
M Ha B~PLLIOK,a OTCTyIIaIO H a geayw c a x e a b <...>H ~ 6To n b r u e k
6e~b1, seM n p e ~ e 6 p e r a ~ npoTHBHMKoM.
b npe~e6peramyuk
npoTMUHMKOM 6 ~ ~ K3TOMY,
0 ~ VTO ero COKPOBMYe ~ O I U ~ H ~ T * "

(4 69).

I n e p e e o ~amopa cTaTbu. n o m b ~ i ip y u ~ u i inepeeOA A a o Aa g 3uH a+. In

: XU)(-
U ero yieHUe. M.-h., 1950; A p e m e ~ u -
 4. "He6ec~oeAao H e 6ope~cx,HO y c n e m H o no6emae~"
" T ~ K 06pa30~.
~M ecAM opymwe K p e n K o , TO n p u ~ e ~ l o qero ~fi
r ~ 6 ~ e -ECAM
r . A e p e B o K p e n K o , TO ero C P ~ ~ X T . "
6. "B n o ~ ~ e 6 e c ~Hoe Tf iH M s e r o mrve M c~a6eeB O A ~ I , HO B
ee TOpXWCTBe H w TBePAbIM M KPenKMM HMSTO H e M O X e T ripe-
~ 3 0 ee ...> ~-Caa6oe n o 6 e m ~ a ecMAbHoe,
6 <~ ~ MxrKoe no6em~ae~
TBepAOe. M H e T B n o ~ ~ e 6 e c ~ oii
HMKOI'O, KT0 H e 3HaA 6 b 1 3 T O r 0 ,
K T 0 H e M O r 6 b 1 CAeAOBaTb TOM^.''
yme no r T ~ ~ I B O P H ~+
n O~ I Mp a r ~ e ~ XBHO
~ r nn p o c A e m w a a -
eTCX + y H A a h l e ~ ~ a A b ~ a .iV\X
X AaDCM3Ma MAeX n o 6 e ~ b 1nOCpeACT-
BOM YCTYnSMBOCTM M nOpa>l<eHMX M3-3a H ~ A M U I H
Cu~ b~ 1~ M C m O -
YBepeHHOCTM.
A p y r P I M O s e H b CyIyeCTBeHHbIM AAX AWCM3Ma IlOHXTHeM XB-
M e T c x K a T e r o p m " ~ H ~ B M ~HAM
I " "+ups" (zju). BTOn o H a T H e
T a m e , KaK M dao, BO MHOIWM XBlUIeTCIl o ~ Y ~ K H T ~ ~ ~ c K M
HOM,
MMeHHO AaOCbI oco6e~~ o
BHMMaTeAbHJJ pa3pa60~auT e er0 aC-
IteKTbI, KOTOpbIe MMeAM HenOCpeACTBeHHOe OTHOIlIeHMe K nCU-
X O + M ~ M Y ~ C K O M YT H H H l ' y . B AWCCKO ~~
+PIAOCO+HM IlOA zjU no-
H P I M a A X b MCX0AHa.X n e p ~ o c y 6 c ~ a H L j u X
M3, K O T O P O ~ KPK
~ 6b1 "CO-
CTOHT" B C cyqee.
~ C r y y a s ~ c bM o l p y 6 ~ 1 1 c b , yu CT~HOBMTCII W-
Y e C T B O M , Y T O H ' I m C b - AYXOM. B IlPOMeXyTO'IHOM COCTOXHMM
ql.l IlpeACTaBMeT co6ofi K a K 6 b 1 XM3HeHHYIO 3HeprMH3, X M 3 H e H -
HYIO CMAY, PaCTBOPeHHYlO B I l p M p O A e M I l O ~ A O r r J ~ M y t'XeAOW-
O
KOM IIpM AbIXaHMM. 3 ~ me
a XM3HeHHa.X C u a LjMPKYAMPYeT M n0
O C O ~ ~ IK
Ma H a A a M (Zj324IC) B PeAOBe'IeCKOM T e A e ( ~ T HKaHaAbI,
C O ~ C T B ~ H H OM
, XBIUIIOTCII T e M , ' I T 0 c e i i q a c n p M H I I T 0 Ha3bIBaTb
MePMAH;LHahlM ~ K Y ~ Y H K T Y P ~Ee
~ ) .HaKOIlAeHMe M npaBMAbHa.X
IJMPKJIMrJMII B T e A e - OAHa M3 B ; U K H ~ ~ ~ I U3HwXa q AaDCCKMX Abl-
XaTeAbHbIX M I'MMHXTM'IeCKMX y I I p a X H e ~ b i 6 ,BO MHOrOM ACrIUMX
B OCHOBY Pa3AM'IHbIX CMCTeM YU ZYIC (pa6o~aC 824).
n e p ~ o ~ a ' I a A b ~yZl
0 e (KUICb yu) IIpOCTO M BHeKa'ieCTBeHHO.
OAH~K
BOnpoyecce n o p o m e H m Koc~ocaOHO KaK 6 a 1 n o A X p w -
3YeTCX M ~ M + + e p e ~ L j M p y e ~ c X . Aria B ~ X H ~ ~ ~ UKOCMOAOrMPeC-
I M X
KMX COCTOXHMX CAMHOP0 "LJM" - 3 T 0 UICb M RIC (UHB-ZJU M RH-
yu) - T. e. >KeHCKOe, 1 1 0 ~ 0 f i , XOAOAHOC, T e M H O e , MXTKOC C OA-
~ 0 i CTOPOHbI,
i M MYXCKOC, ABMXCHMe, r O p X ' I e e , CBeTAOe, T B e p -
Aoe - c apyroii. ~ T MAria COCTOXHHX A O ~ O A H R I O T Apyr Apyra,
HaXOffrrTCX B a 6 c o ~ m ~ ~raPMOHMM
oii H B3aMMOnepeXOAe. M~ex
raPMOHMM B3aMMOAOnOAH11IOYMX, K O ~ H R Y H X C I IA p y r B A p y r e
6 bC1 nTa ~3~a K p e n A e H a B AaOCM3Me B IIOHXTMM
~ ~ ~ T M B O ~ O A O X H O
Zj3U ~~ K o ~ g e n g M x" B ~ A M K O ~npe~-
( " B ~ A H K H npe~e~"). O
eAa" BO MHOfOM 06ycno~maM OAHOclMeHHyIO @ 0 p M y I'MMHaCTM-
KM mag zpu q m n b ( " K ~ A ~BK e ~ ~ ~ npe~e~a"), oro nnaeHbre M
nepe-rercamyne Apyr B A p y r a A B H x e H m K O T O P O ~ ~K a K 661 B O ~ A O -
q W T B -6e MAeIO raPMOHWM M n b H I n , IIOKOII M ABCUKeHMH.
TOT x e n p H H y M n s a n e s a ~ M~ Be T~e o p n u BOMHCKWC M C ~ C C T By
my. He c a y l r a i i ~ oa e r e H A a o co3~at11.1~ cmm mii tyu zqtclanb Aa-
OCCKMM OTLLteAbHMKOM YxW C W ~ ~ H (XIV-XV OM B.) PX-
CKa3bIBaeT, ' I T 0 MbICAb 0 CO3AZWMU lll~tc Y U YHMHb II0XBMAX.b y
H e r 0 n o c A e H ~ ~ A I O A3a~ CHX B ~ ~ T K O3MeM
~~ H X y p a B M . B 3TOM
6010 IIPOTMBHMKM K ~ K6 b 1 A o n o A m A M A p y r A p y r a , c ~ m ~ a r r cBb
e A w H o e y e A o e , a 3 ~ e peanw3o~a1~ana
x K TOMY x e y x e ~ X C M O T -
P e H H O e BbIIIIe I I p e M M y y e C T B O c~a60r0,MIII'KOrO M I U ~ K O ~ ne- O
pen CMnbHbIM, TBepAbIM H KPenKCLM.
Ho ~ a ~ o ~xoe i 6ib r n a g e A b ~ a o c c K o r on c n x o + ~ 3 ~ s e c ~ o r o
~ p e ~ c l ~ A r a ~? Ox T B e T z H a 3TOT BOIIpOC ~ e o 6 x o ~ mB Ko p a T g e
CKa3aTb 0 A ~ O C C K OAOKTPHHe ~~ o 6 p e ~ e ~6me c c ~ e p ~- m IJeHT-
p a A b H 0 G KOHLJenIJWM PeAMrH03HOI'O AaOCM3Ma ( C R H ~CH)~?).
Y Y ~ H oH6~e c c ~ e p ~ un pue A n o A a r a n o ,
s ~W oe n T A ~ C M ~ M ~
nocpeAcTnoM onpe~eneasoiipe~wrwo3aoiin p a K m K M , B K A I O ~ ~ B -
IIIe6 B ce6x rMMHaCTMUeCKHe H AMXaTeAbHbIe Y I I p a X H e H W I , I I p a -
B H a a c e ~ c y a n b ~ o ricil r w e m 1 , p e n w r ~ o 3 ~ oc eo 3 e p y m M e M anxw-
MMIO M O X e T AOCTHrHyTb H e TOAbKO AYXOBHOI'O, HO M @ H ~ H ~ ~ C K O -
r0 & C C M ~ P T W ~ ,a T a K X e pa3AHUHbIX CBepX%eCTecTBeHHbIX CMA M
cnoco6~oc~ek. ~ O C K O A AaOCM3M
~ ~ < ~ OTPHIJaA B03MOXHOCTb Be'l-
HOG XM3HM AyXa OTAeAeHHOrO OT T e A a M PaCCMaTpMBaA ' i e A O E K a
B Ka'leCTBe IJeAOCTHOTO I I C M X O @ H ~ H ' I ~ C K O ~KOMIIAeKCa,
O AatIHm
AOKTPMHa I I p e A n O A a S a A a A B a a C t I e K T a p e ~ ~ r M 0 3 ~ 0nPaKTMKl4:
i i
COBePIIIeHCTBOBatIHe T e A a ( ~ H M H X T H ' I ~ C K M
M~AbIXaTeAbHble yn-
p a . X H e H ~ ) M C0BePLUeHCTBOB;IlIMe AyXa ( ~ 0 3 e p I J a H M e , MeAMTa-
JJMx). MCTOUHMKOMXM3HM B AaOCM3Me C'IMTUOCb ~ U O B
, CMAy
Uel'O CaMO 6 e c c ~ e p PaCXMaTpUBaAOCb
~~e KaK AOCTWKeHMe nOA-
HOT0 f2AMHCTBa C HUM. M3 BCeX MeTOAOB 0 6 p e ~ e ~ u6xe c c ~ e p ~ m
~ a u 6 o ~ eB e~ X H ~ I Mc s u ~ a n a c ba n x u ~ m( m n b a a n b my, q 3 u n b
a a ~ b ) .A ~ O C C K Z U T p a A H y U H BbIAeAXAa ABa Tuna UXHMHH:
"BH~IJJHK)K)" (6aii aalcb) U " B H ~ T ~ ~ H H K ) K (Id&
)" 8akb). B~eru-
Hnn U x u M n a npennorraraa sepy B B O ~ M O X H O C T ~CO~AQHHH
3 A H K C H P a 6 e c C M e p T W l HAH n y T e M npOU3BOACTBa " U C K ~ C C T B ~ H -
H 0 m ~ O A O T ~ "UAH
, COIA'dHHH 3AUKCMPa H 3 KUHOBapM U ee COeAU-
H e H u f i C A p y r U M U BeIIJeCTBaMU. ~ B A ~ W3AUKCUpaMM
H M ~ npHB0-
AHA0 B C P A H H e B e K a K YaCTbIM O T p a B A e H M M THXeAbIMH MeTaA-
AaMH, O C O ~ ~ H.K
b))H
T "l 'pO "BHYT~~HHIIII" UXHMHH, MCXOAX M3
~eauco a no~o6uwM H K ~ O -H M a K p o K o c M a , s e A o B e s e c K o r o T e A a M
B c e ~ e ~ ~Coq Hk T, a A a BO3MOXHbIM C03AaTb 3AHKCHP &CCM~PTHX
B CWOM o p r m u 3 ~ e a43 em COKOB H TOHKHX ~ ~ e p r u(zju, i i gun,
ZU3ftb) IlOCPeACTBOM ~ C H X O @ H ~ H Y ~ C KyHnXp a m ~ e ~ u U kC 0 3 e P Y a -
HUH. ~ O C T ~ ~ ~BHyTpeHHXX
~ H H O MXHMHH BblTeCHUAa BHeLLIHIOiO,
KOTOPaR Ha'IHHZU C nO3AHerO CpeAHeBeKOBbH C T a a BOCnpUHU-
KAZ xUu M U J ~ HewoTpn
MaTbCH KaK AOXHZU UAU ~ ~ o @ ' ~ H H ' ~ ~ c ~ .~
H a n p e c l l e A y e M b l e UMH u c K a r o v u T e A b H o p e ~ u r w o s ~ bgem,
~ e Aa-
OCCKUM ZUXHMUK~M y ~ a o c bc o 6 p a ~ b6 o r a ~ b 1 i i3 ~nup~~ec~
M a T e p U a A B O ~ A X T U XMMMU H MeAMLJHHbI U BHeCTH C D O ~BKA*
B Pa3BUTUe HayKU B ApeBHeM U CPAHeBeKOBOM Ku~ae.
K ~ A "&CCM~PTH~IX"
~ T ( C I I H ~ ,W3Hb C J I H ~ )CAOXUACH B OC-
1
H O B H ~ I XCBOHX seprax B IV-111 BB. no H , 3. B V a p c T n e LJu, noclle
qeI'0 H a py6eme H. 3. COeAUHUACH C Y W H U e M naMIlTHUKOB Apes-
H e r 0 AaOCH3Ma1 B KOTOPblX yXe C O A e p X U H C b 3AeMeHTbI W U O -
rMsHbIX n p e ~ c ~ a B ~ e H I 4C6 .3TOl'O BpeMeHU H a yK a 6ecc~ep~m
WMb CWt? CT'dHOBMTCH C ~ K J ~ C T D ~ H H ~ ~ ~
3AeMeHTOM
LUHM AaOCH3Ma
C I u ~ b l s a e ~ co n6 m u p ~ A
a u~T e p a T y p a , nOCB5luJeHHU cnoco6a~
6ecweprua, a TaK>Ke
gao6pe~e~un'1 pa3BUBaeTCH ~ ~ 0 l ' p Z ) k i H-
X H ~ U f i ~ aA
5Ul T e p a T y p a , n0BeCTBYK)uJaR 0 AeHHUJiX 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ b l
H HX YyAeCHbIX C B O ~ C T B ~C. ~ ~ A H ~ B AaOCCKHe
~ K O B TeKCTbl
~I~
BbIAelurIoTo6arwo TPM T u n a ~ ~ C C M ~ P T H ~ "I X~ e: 6 e c ~ b l6ec-
e
" n b a n b ) , B O ~ H ~ C L U U ~HWaI ~e6ecaB K a v e c T 8 e
w e p r ~ ~ e( m
YWHOBHMKOB ~ O X ~ C T B ~ H H
M eOp a~P~X M M , 3 e M H b I e 6 e ~ c M e p ~ ~ b l
(au C I I H ~ ) , XHBY ywe t1a 3 e m e H a o c o 6 b r x " c ~ m ~ a rropax"
x
(MUH I U H ~ ) MAM B @ W T X T M Y ~ C K U X " C ~ I ~ C T A M B ~ 3eMA5IxJ',
IX OCT-
POBaX IlPaDeAHbIX M T. n., M " 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ b O rC eB, O ~ O A M B L U M ~ COITI
~pyna"(mu y 3 e C R H ~ ) ,T, e. c n m b t e , H e ycneoruue npu X M ~ H M
06pec.r~G e c c ~ e p ~HO
~ enoctcpecruue
, nocAe cMepTw.
no,$ BAMIIHMeM ~ Y A A M ~B MIIO3AHeM ~ A a O C M 3 M e 0 6 ~ x 6ec-
3
CMel>TtIOI+O OAyXOTBOpHeTCII, a C a M O 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~e
Ha1iM13'ZT pX-
C M a T P H B a T b C R 13 KaYeCTBe O C O ~ O ~ OBbICUIerO
, M npOCBeTAeIltlOr~
COCTORHMR CO3HaHMII ~ a n o ~ o 6 u~ Ye A A H ~ C KHOM ~P B W b I .
Y ' i e ~ M e0 6 e c c ~ e p ~ uO uK ~ 3 a A OCMAbHOe BAMIIHMC H a pa3AMLI-
H b I e c @ e p b 1 A Y X O B H O ~KYAbTYpbl K u T ~ :H a y K y ( X M M M H ~ , MeAM-
Y M H Y ) , MCKYCCTBO, BAR KOTOPOlO X a P a K T e P H b I C W X e T b I , CBII3a.i-
H b I e C KyAbTOM 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~A1M1T,e p a T y p y . B O ~ H M K L U BM XI11
~ -
XIV B. KYAbT " B O C ~ M U ~ ~ C C M ~ P T H ~ (6a
I X "CIIH~) CIIOCO~CTBOB~A
TOMY, ' I T 0 MX u 3 0 6 p a x e ~ ~ 1 1C T a M B e C b M a X a P a K T e P H b I AAII X U -
BOIIMCM ( o c o 6 e ~ ~AAII
o HapOAHOlO ~ y 6 ~ Ma )CO B p e M e H e M ripe-
BPaTMAMCb B 6 ~ a r o n o x e ~ a ~ e ~ bCMMBOA
~ b l i i C Y X T b I I M AOArOAe-
TUX, HOYTM ~ M I l l e ~ ~ pbe lAkM l M 0 3 H O r O CMbICAa.
B CBII3M c n p o 6 ~ e ~ o" k
A~DCM~M
M CMCTeMbI ~ C M X O + M ~ M Y ~ C -
K O l O TPeHMHt'a B K H T ~ ~0 c"0 6 b 1 k M H T e p e c npeACTa5luIeT AaOc-
X M M M I I " (~322a a n b ) .
CKM " B H ~ T ~ ~ H H I I~ R Bo-nepoarx, ee M e T o -
AbI M YIIP;UKHeHHII DO M H O l O M POAHIIT ee C Pa3AMVHblMI.I IIpM-
e M a M M ZjU ZyN, BO-BTOpbIX xe, B ee P a M K a X ~ ~ I Ap m
O pa6o~a~o
O p M r M H a r \ b H O e YYeHMe 0 CTPOeHMM YeAOBe'IeCKOrO OprWM3Ma,
w c n o ~ b s y e ~M
o eB H a c T o H y e e B p e M a B n p a K T u K e y uy M yu zyn.
~A;LBH~IM
B H e M I I B M e T C I I KOHLJeIILJMH " K W ~ A O B " , IIO K O T O P b I M
y U LJMpKyAMpyeT IIO T e A y M T a K H a 3 b I B a e M b I X " K M H O B ~ ~ H ~no-
IX
~ e k "( a a ~ bm n b ) -cnoeo6pa3~b1x pesep~yapaxM cpeAoTowt-
RX ZjU. M 3 MHOXeCTBP KaHaAOB-MePMAMaHOB, 0IIMC;LHHbIX B
A ~ ~ B H ~ K M T ~ ~ TCe K CMT aXX B I I p a K T U K e l c 3 5 a a l c b B OCHOBHOM
MCllOAb3YWTCII A B a M3 T a K H a 3 b I B a e M b I X " B O C ~ M U 'IyAeCHbIX K W a -
AOB", XOPOLUO M3BeCTHbIX M l A O T e p a n e B T a M . TO K W a A b I YIIpaB-
A e H M M 3aYaTbII ( 3 w H e - b l fay
M I I e p e ~ ~ e ~ p e ~ M H ~- i ) MO (ay
WZ?) M X 3 N b M O ( ~ 3 n bWd). K a H a ay M O MAeT O T I I p O M e X -
HOCTM ( M 3 TOllKH U H ~ - X Y ~ $VC1) B B e p X B&OAb nO3BOHOYHMKa
q e p e s r o A o n y M c e p e A u H y A M g a AO TOYKU H a aepx~eiiA e c H e .
C ~ M T ~ ~ YTT C
O X
n o, K;urar\y MO 3 H e p r M R ZjU n O A H M M a e T C 5 k
B B e p X ( B Y n p ; U K H e H M R X ZjU Z Y H H a 3 T O M A B M X e H M M ZjU C O C p e A O -
Ta'4MB;uoTCfl 0 6 b 1 9 ~ 0H a n~oxe).
K ~ a r X\ 3 H b MO M A e T O T TO'iKM Y31Cb-lj3ffH (VC24) n O A H M X -
trek ~ 6 0 kB r i t 4 3 A 0 TO'lKM U H ~ - X B
Y n~p O~M e l K t i O C T M . C'IMT~~T
C X , 'IT0 no 3 T O M y K U ; M y ZjU A B M X C T C X B H M 3 ( B y n p a > K H e H M l l X
ZjU ZyH - H a B ~ I A O X ~ )R
. p a ~ J e H l 4 e ZjU no 3 T M M A B y M Ka.kI;M;IM
l I a 3 b l B ; t e T C H " 6 0 ~ b m c z ~ e 6 e c tb jl M KI)YI'OM" (& I )71Jl?ib),
YXOY a
I I ~ M" o ~ ~ c K U H M " qu
A b I M t r e 6 e c r r b 1 ~K p Y r O M "
B FrMxtiee "KMHOB~H o e
(CXO Y X O y mX1Cb)
r. no~e" - "M a -

Hop, " K M H O B ~ ~ H ~ I M~M

O A H M M " B A a O C l 4 3 M e IIOliMMalOTCrl
oco6a1e 3 ~ e p r e ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ee c
r r~
~ p~
' lbe e
A
l oBe'lecKoro oprarl~3~a.
Bcer0 T P W M L J M X B b I A e A R e T 71)M " K M H O B ; I ~ H ~ I X~ O A H * ' - B FOAO-
Be, B p a k o ~ eC O A t l e ~ 1 1 i O r OC n A e T e t r M X , M B H H X H ~Y~X T M lKMBO-
T a l O . n O c A e ~ t { M k M 3 HMX C ' I H T a e T U I ~ a . X k l e k ~ l M M
l4 H a ' f a A Y n O -
M H H a T b C X B A W C C K M X T e K C T a X P a H b l U e AByX A p y r M X IJeHTpOB. R
n p O r J e C C e " ~ H y ~ y e ~ H;MXMMMM"
e k A W C b l H a n p a B A X A M ZjU B O A H O
M 3 " K M H O B ~ ~ H ~ nI OXA e k B ' , rAe } > a 3 H b I e BMAbl yU n p l 4 IlOMOUJM
A b l X a T e A b H b I X y n p a . X ~ e H ~ k BM3y;MM3aLJMU
, H CQ3ePLJa3MR KaK
6 b 1 " C I I A ~ B A X A M C ~ " , cOeAMkIXA(\Hcb, 06pa3y~" 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ ~u3a- b r k
p O ~ b l ~ * "( C f f l i b m6) - 3 a ' l a T O K 6 y ~ y ~ ~ "e ~r ~o C C M ~ ~ T H O ~
T e A a &&enT& f l p a K T l 4 K a ZjU ZYH 3 a M M C T B O B a A a T e X H M K y B H Y T P e H -
~ e ~kA X M M M M , HO ~ CT ~
O T K ~ ~ Z UOT aKMx c n e y ~ 4 ~ s pemrw-
ec~~
O 3 H b I X LJeAeii A X l C U 3 M a KaK " 0 6 p e ~ e ~ c l 6
e ecc~ep~~K
x "p.o ~ e

9
Cowac~oA p y r U M CBeAeHURM, " M m ~ kK p Y ~ e 6 a " ,UAU, KaK eI'0 eye Ha3blBW,
" M ~ M
U UKpOKOCMU'leCKU o p 6 u ~ a "W C T O U T B ABUXCHUU YU n0 ttePeAHeCPe&4H-
HOMY U 3a&IeCPeAUHkIOMY K a H a A a M , B T O B P M R KaK B " 6 0 A b I l I 0 k K P ) T ~ & a ' UAU B
" 6 0 n b m y r o M U K P O K O C M U ~ e C K YO " K M L X K ~ T C I I e q e AP)TUC KaHaAbl T e A a , a
~P~UT~B
T a K X e nom K U H O M p U . CM. Ma ,!33wrtellh. K u ~ a k c ~ op ee H U e 0 y u ~ y ~ e ACTP-
.
npecc, 1993. - A. A.
C O T A ~ C H OPZ3fiU9HblM nCPBOMCTO'IHUKaM, BblACIUICTCII OT T X A 0 IUITU, a UHOI'AP
u 60fi1l1e "noneii ~ u ~ o ~ a p T
u "~. HKa n p u M e p , p a a x a r p c l e a w r c n elye nepemee u
a u ~ e e"nom ~wlonapw",u3 KOTOPMX I I O C A ~ A H P~ a c n o A a r a n c s B o6~ac-mM e m y
nnqKaMu u H B r a e K s W~BH~GUYLM BM~CTUAU.U)CM X U ~ H ~ H H ~ ICUA X senoneaa. T a ~ o -
B)TO T P w U t J U 1 0 YlgePXAaCI. M~AULJUHCKU~; ~ A X U M U S C L K U ~T P a K T a T H a HblJ3UH.
CM. B KHUK: A. A. @PO~UK Tpyme BOnPOCbl K A ~ C C U ' ~ ~ C K OKUT~GCKOG
G MeAU-
tJUHb1, A c I ' ~ - V ~ C C , 1991.- A. A.
TOrO, B tqU ZYM 66~bmy10, H e x e A M BO B H Y T ~ ~ Ha X
HM~M ~
MM,
POAb, YU~ ~ no T e A y
M l p a e T KOHTpOAb Hap, I J M P K ~ A ~ I I J M (AAII
~ H y T p e ~ UXMMMM
~ e 6 BZVKHee C B e A e H M e llOTOKOB tqU B KMHOBaP-
H b I e IIOAII M MX " n A a B ~ a " ) . ~OA~LUYH
W) A b KOHIJeHTPZlIJMR H a
" K H H O B ~ ~ H ~ IIoA~Ix"
IX MlpXT B Y UY.
~ O C A ~ A O B ~ T AaOCM3Ma
~ A M n o - p a 3 H O M y ~ ~ ' ~ R C H R CAYM
yHOCTb
" K M H O B ~ P H ~ I Xn o A e 6 " . &5I OAHMX 3 T 0 6b1AM B n O A H e P e U b H b I e
OpraHMsecKMe 06pa30~a~w11,
AA5I ApyrMX - @ y ~ ~ I J M o ~ a c \ b ~ b l e
yeHTpb1 mwooro reAoneKa (~cresamyeroy y ~ e p m e r o ) ,
TPeTbMX - 3 H e P r e T M q e C K M e C't'pyKTypbI, @OPMMP~IOYM~CR B
npoyecce ~ ~ H R T~M~ y
~ T p e ~ t aj nex6w ~ c l e i i tqu z y n M OTCYT-
C T B y I o Y Me y ~ ~ o @ ~ H O B .
B 3aKAkO'leHMe XOTeAOCb 6 b 1 OTMeTMTb, ' I T 0 H Z K O T O P b l e H a -
flpaBAeHM5I y M y H e n O C p e A C T B e H H O CBX3aHbI C AaOCM3MOM.
Hpenc~encero TO K~CXTCII y A a H c K o r o H a n p a B A e H M n (yaan
nac) B H y T p e H H M X c ~ ~ ~(M36 e i i243s) y U y , nOAyWlBIlIMX CBOe
H a 3 B a H M e O T rOF)bI y ~ a ~ I L l a H bHa
. 3~0fi rope C y y e C T B O B U LJeHTp
IIOqMTZlHMR ~ O I K C C T B ~ CeBepa C O K ~ O B ~ H ~H/ ~OC T~HOH H O ~ O
-

B O M H (~C W H ~ Y, W M b Y) . B XI1 I -XIV BB. H a rope n05IBAHIOT-

C5I AaOCCKMe MOHaCTbIPM M CeKTbI OTllleAbHMKOB, IIOCTefleHHO
CTaBILIMe IJetITPOM AZJCCKMX m K 0 A y My. T~WMIJMR
CBH3bIBaeT C
HMMH M MMX 3HaMeHMTOTO A a O C a XlV-XV BB. % l C a H C Z l H b 4 3 ~ Z l .
XOTH H a y s H a R I l p O B e p K a P R A a T p ~ U I J M O H H b I XY T B ~ ~ X A ~ H
IIOM ~ ~
IIOBOAy zr0 ~Y
~ M H T M ~ ULY 3HaqHTeAbHO 3aTpyAHeHa, HO B AIO~OM
C A p X BAMRHMe AaOCM3Ma K a K H a T e O p M t O , T a K M H a IIPaKTMKY Y
Uy, KaK MeTOAa n c ~ x o @ ~ 3 ~ s e cT p~e o
HMf ip O B K M . BCerAa ~ ~ I A O
B e C b M a 3Ha'lMTeAbHbIM. M 3 y . l e ~ ~ A2OCCKMX
e ~ 0 p ~ eyfZUy
i HOMO-
r X T r ~ y 6 x en O H X T b CYUJHOCTb IlpMKAa,t$HbIX " ~ ~ o ~ M ~ ~ c K M x "
MC-
6ora~efi-
KYCCTB K a K M H T e P e C H O r O M 3Ha'IMTeAbHOrO @ ~ H O M ~ H ~
I I I e f i KYAbTyPbI A p e B H e r O U C p e A H e B e K O B O r O K M T1 1~.
 K P A T K M ~OqEPK " B H Y T P E H H EAAXMMMM"
~~
K p a T K o " B H Y T ~ ~ H H I O I O~ A X M M M I O " (wd 8am) MOXHO on-
p e A e A M T b K a K KOMllAeKC ~ C U X O ( # ~ U ~ H ~ ~ ~yCnKpMa Xx ~ e ~ uk0r-
k
MsecKoro Tuna, n p a ~ ~ u ~ y AAX
e ~ aCOBAWHX
~ k B TeAe q e n T a
3 A M K C H p a ~ ~ C C M C P T H I I~ A C L" ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T H3 aO b1UIaM ( C R H ~
p 0~A O
mii),a B n e p c n e K T u n e - H o o o r o " 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ o TreoA"a . npo-
yecc " B H y . r p e H H e k ~ A X M M U U " OnMCbIBaeTCX B T e p M M H a X "~a60-
p a T O p H O k m U X M M M M M PaCCMaTpUB%2TcJr A ~ ~ C C K. rOp w ~ ~yuek
K a K ee M M K ~ O K O C M M ' ~ ~ C K a HMa A
~ O r . P ~ A U ~ M O ~ H ; L I "BH~TP~?HHIIR"
I
n p a K T M K a aAXMMM'leCKOr0 T M n a B c e r A a BMAMMO 6 b 1 ~ a6 o ~ e e Xa-
P ~ K T ~ P H AAX
O ~ A a 0 C M 3 M a , H e x e A u W ~ C T B ~ HUXMMUSl
HO (n0CAe
XI]] B. BHeILlHNX aAXMMMN B O O ~ I I J M
~ clre3aeT).
6 o ~ e eT O r O , C a M a BHeLUHXX aAXUMUX CO B p e M e H e M IIpOXBlur-
Aa B e 6o~arueeC T p e M A e H M e K HHTePMOPH3aLJHH, MHTPOBePCMM.
B n A a H e ApaKTMKM, ek H e n O C p e A C T B e H H O IlpeAUIeCTBOB%iM yn-
pa>IcHeHwX B H Y T P ~ H H aAXMMMH
~~ MeAHTaTMBHOrO X a p a K T e p a ,
M 3 B e C T H b l e K P K " X P ; L H ~ H W ~O A H O ~ O " (ZUO'y u), XOPOUlO 3HaKO-
Male e y e ~ a o c yIV B. I13 Xy~y.
B M H T e P C a X KPaTKOCTM 3AeCb 6 y A y ~O n y g e H b I HeKOTOpbIe
C y y e C T B e H H b I e M O M e H T b I TeOPMM " B ~ y ~ p e H H e~6A X M M U M " (KPK
HanpuMep, peewe o n p ~ p o ~ ~ ok
C~IIJHOCTH'' - cun M "xu3-
H ~ H H O C T M ~- MUM, " n p e r n ~ e ~ e 6 e c ~-
o ~ "CSlHb T?lXH8 M
" ~ O C A ~ H ~ ~ ~ C H- XOY
O M " T?lXHb), 0 HMX H O ~ A ~P 'Tl b B CBX3M C
CaMMM TeKCTOM " A ~ O C C K60m".
O~
~ X M M M Y ~ C K CMMBOAbI
M ~ A ~ ~ C C KMO
e A~M T q M M IlpeACTal3lur-
IOT C O G O ~ K;UC 6 b 1 A B e LJeIIM W O T B ~ T C T B M ~IIPMVeM
, K ~ b 1 k
CUMBOA MAW T e P M M H O ~ ~ X C H X ~ T C'lev3
II K W O e H H O e COOTBeT-
c T B y x o y e e B B ~ H Ogenu, u B CBOIO o ~ e p e i bn p e A n 0 A a r a e - r ero H a -
AM'lUe. BOT IIpHMepbI n o ~ o 6 ~ 0C kM H O H U M M ~ ~ C KIJenM:O~
1. Y ~ U (Hc n e p ~ a ~ u s e cxceagm,
~a ~ o c n p o u 3 ~ o ~ ~ ycu- a s 1
A a , 3 ~ e p r u x )= B o ~ e(u3 " ~ R T MC T U X M ~ " ) = n o l r K a M = TM-
r p a M M e m n b ("noc~e~e6ec~as1" @ o p ~ a= ) TpurpaMMe q m b
( " n p e x ~ e ~ e 6 e c ~ a (#lop~a)
.n" = CBMHKJY= 3e-e (&) = x ~ 3 -
HeHHOCTCi (MUH) .
 2. CUMb ( ~ Z ~ ~ ~ M H O Ccep~IJa)=
T ~ @HI0 = WpAIJy ( K ~ KO p r a -
~ y=) T p ~ r p w AU e = T p u r p w e tylm = =TM = He6y =
I I p H p o ~ H o f iCYYHOCTll (CUM). C B I I ~ ~ I BB
~U~U
TM, O , BCe 3TM T e P -
MMHOAOMYeCKHe PIIAbI IIOHIITHe nHeBMb1 (w).
nep~illl@a3a"BHy~peHHC2fi ~AxMMHH", K O T O P O ~IIpeALUeCT-
~
BYIoT ylTpZUCHeHHIl no A ~ I X ~ T ~ Alu
~ MHHO
a C~l T~l K e H COCpeAOTO-
YeHHI0, 3aKAIoYZTCII B C Y ~ A H M ~ L J H H
C I O Y H y e H H M 3CCeHLJMM
(BO~npoL43BOAJ?yefi CblAb1). T. e. nepBOr0 a * ~ ~ ~ 3AHK-
~ ~ e ~
C M p Z &Ul 3 T O r 0 W e n T 6 e p e ~IlOA K O H T A b nOTOKH C e K C Y a b -
HOG 3HePrHU H HaIlpaBMeT ee BHM?, B H H X H e e " K M H O B ~ P H O ~
no~e" ( a a n b m b ) . "AKK~M~AIILJCUI" 3 ~ e p r u un p u B o A u T K
OIIJyyeHUlO T e n A a U CBeTa, KOTOpbIe HaYHHaK3T BMeCTe C AbIXa-
H u e M " I J H ~ K ~ A ~ ~ no (zpun)
o B "~~" m a n a ~ " TeAa Wenla no-
CPeACTBOM COCPeAOTOVeHHII H MeAHTaTUBHOrO I l ~ A C T a B A e H U X
(BH3yaAH3ZXJHH). 3 ~ a
IJHPKYMLJHII OTKpbIBaeT "3aIIepTb1eW
IIpOXOAbI T e A a H Y A W e T H 3 H e r 0 BCe I I I A X H H HeYMCTOTbI.
3 a ~ >KHJH~HH;UI
e ~ 3 ~ e p r mnocne ceoero ouHyeHm npe-
BPalIJ32TC.H B Y H c ~ e f i U I y I oXCeHLJHIo, H a I l p a B M e M y I o B ' ' X e ~ ~ b ~ f i
ABOp" (xJUM mUM) - B T O p e " K H H O B ~ ~ H nO0 A
~ e" (B O ~ A ~ C T H
COAHeYHOrO c I I A ~ T ~ H ~ ~ uOTKyAa
I), HCXOAHT " c B ~ T X M ~ H ~ H H O C T M
L J n p K y ~ g m3 ~ e p m no~TeAy n p o A o m a e T c x AO T e x nop, n o K a
efi H e YAaCTCq n p o k ~ wY e p 3 IIPOXOA, B ~ y y H f Ki B e p X H e M y "KM-
HOBaPHOMY nONOJ' ( ~ O A O B H O M ~ ~0 3 r ) . B a e ~
3a 3 T U M IIPOHCXO-
AHT ' a n p ~ ~A Y~X ~~ e OTKpbITUe
'' - ~ ~ e IIpoXOAa " W K ~ O B ~ H H O ~ ~
sac~asar" ( c u m z y a n b ) , o y y y a e M o e W e n T o m K ~ Kn o x s A e H v i e
CBeTa B IIpOCTpilHCTBe M e m y ~ ~ B X M H .
T ~ K H OM~ ~ W M IIOIIBHAHCb
, "@a cBeTa" - CBeT X M 3 H e H -
HOCTH ( T ~ ~ ~ C M ~ T H P O B ~c n
HeH
pM~ aHm s e c K a s r 3 ~ e p r ~ 1x1c ,e H -
LJM Zj3UM) M CBeT A y X a ( T p r ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ H p o YM),
B ~ ~HO
b lAMLUb
f i B
HX H C K ~ ) K ~ H H O ~ c ~ e ~ e 6 e c ~ o (i i~"P H O ~ P ~ T ~ H H(PoPM~.
" n~ o O ~ ~ )
B ~AXUMUV~CKO
TePMHHOAOrHH
~~ 3 T H A B a C B e T a Ha3bIB;UoTCA
M A ~ ~ K O H O MH) I I B M ~ T C I I ABYM
CBMHIJOM H p ~ y ~ b 1( 0T M ~ ~ O H
OCHOBHblMH HH-AHeHTaMH " ~ A M K c H ~ ~ " ,~ y K ~ IIJMMHCII
am
eqe, O A H ~ K O ,B O w y e H u u .
n o c ~ e n e ~W~e o nT O K ~ ~ ~ I B ~ B
~ TWCTOIIHMM
C X OnycTMTb
" C B ~ T A Y X ~ " B C p e A H e e " K M H O B ~ ~ H IO
I o~A ~ " , rAe yXe HaXOAHTCX
Aanee
H " C B ~ TX M ~ H ~ H H O C T H " .W e n T 3 a C T a B M e T CBeT LJHPKYAH-
POBaTb no Mar\OMy K p y V (CXO W O y ??UWb) MeXAy CepAyeM M
IIO'IKaMM, H a l l p a 5 A X I I er0 BHYTPb H M X H e r O " K U H O B ~ P H O ~ Ono-
AX", T a K H a 3 b l B X M y W "neLLJepy ~ H ~ B M ~(2.524 I " ~ 1 0 3 ) ,CAyXarrJyIO
KaK 6 b 1 y.rpo6oii " 3 a q M H % 3 ~ 0 r 0 6 e c c ~ e p ~ o 3apoAb1UIa1'.
ro
3 ~ e ~M Cb K a X e H H b I e ( " n o c ~ e ~ e 6 e c ~ b l e " ," n p ~ o 6 p e ~ e ~ ~ b l
TPMl'pZlMMbI W H b M AU, BOA^" M " o ~ o H ~ "")C, B ~ T XM3HeHHOC-
TM" M " C B ~ TI ~ ~ M ~ o A
CYIIJHOCTU"
H o ~ ~ (AyXa), OqMIIJWTCII M 06-
PeT;IIOT CBOIO " n p e q e ~ e 6 e c ~ y 1 0( ~" B' p o ~ e H H y W " ) $OPMY
( T p M r p a ~ ~ bZjJWb
l M KYHB). B 3T0 BPeIKII W e n T K a K 6 b 1 BO3Bpa-
l y a e T c x K COCTOIIHMIO e ~ y aM "npeopaya-
" ~ e p o q e ~ ~ ~o nr wo
eT cmii y~ B p a 3 y ~dao.
T o r ~ anpOMCXOAMT "coMTM~" ABYX "CB~TOB", MHbCKMX H
IIHCKMX n H e B M T e A a W e n T a w " a a q a ~ u e " 6 e c c ~ e p ~ o 3apo~a1-
ro
m a ( " ~ A M H ~ H MB O~ A ~ IM orm"), n p u l r e M B c e s ~ e p r e ~ u s e c ~ u
nOTeHLJMM OPrZUiM3Ma OKa3bIBafOTCJI C ~ U ~ C M P O BB~g€~
!HTpIe
T e A a npeKPaUJafOTCJI M AbIXaTeAbHble YnPaXHeHCLR ( " p a 3 ~ M r a -
H w e O ~ H H ", ' ' c p o ~O ~ M " - XO , ~ a 6 b 1" 3 a p o A b 1 m M ( " ~ A W K -
q)
CUP") M O r " C 0 3 p e ~ a T bB T e A e wen~a".B 3TO B p e M peKOMeHAy-
cu) 12, H e Tpe-
p o~ ~ b ~ m e m~ ea r x m c l e " (maii
e T c x ~ H ~ M ~ H M" sTa O
6y1oyee HMKaKMX Y C M A M ~M~ n p o ~ e ~ m q CODePILIeHHO
ee eCTeCT-
B e s a o , n o ~ o 6 a oA ~ I X Z U ~ MnKA)o A a B y~po6eMaTepM.
K o r ~ a3 a p O A b I m C O 3 p e B X T M rOTOB K "PO>KA~HMH)", w e n T

l2 rowpa o rrpaKmKe saponsmesoro AUxaHun, u w y m 3 w m , wo B MoMem

CW HaCvQiUA YCAOBCK ~e6LdBae'J'B OYeHb m y 6 0 ~ o TpiUiW,
~ KOTAa ITOCTUpOHHe-
My H ~ ~ A I O A ~ T WKMeTW1,
O YTO XH3Hb BOBCe IIOK Aa TCAO Go~wH~: KOrAa AblXa-
HUA He --I, a 6 u m e cepma HC PmuraeTwIy can31 c m ~ Mcma , uom-
HO rOBOPUTb 0 AawHOM BUAe AblXMII, 80064e KaK 0 MrrOAC TpCHUPOBKH. ~ P H X O -
AUTU n p n 3 ~ a ~ ero,
b c ~ o p e en o 6 o w ~+CKTOM
~ 6 0 ~ c e~ o l y n o r uw u o m o o & -
cnworu c n o ~ ~ nwapwennoro
u y p o ~ m3 ~ w i npoyecca
i ~u~uo~orwrcc~
npw6pa3o~a~uii Ha caMoM r ~ y 6 w m oypoene
~ raowccKoro o p r w 3 ~ a CM.
. TW-
me: Ma L,bwene. Kw~aiiwcoeyenwe O ywryne. Acra-rrpecc, 1993.- A. A.
A a e n ~K a K 6a1 n O K a Ha&eAeH A B y M TeAaMM: n p e X H M M , ''~py-
~ "HOBbIM, "TOHKMM",
6 ~ 1 M KOTOPOe M O X e T CTPakICTBOBaTb no
x e A a k I M m a&enTa nHe " n p e x ~ e r o "T e A a
HO 3 A e C b nepeA " H O B O ~ O X A ~ H H ~ I MH
" OXBMeTCX "A~MOH"
( O ~ I ~ K T M B ~ I J M IOCTaTKOB
I C K B e P H IICUXWKU W e n T a ) , rOTOBb1fi
" n 0 ~ p a ~ b er0.
" H0 ''MAweHeIj" n o 6 e x ~ a e" ~A ~ M O H ~ "M YK-
penme?. cooe T e A o . n o c ~ e3 ~ 0 r oOH ~ 0 3 ~ p a y a e ~ B c"rpy6oe"
x
TeAO a & e n T a A M er0 O K O ~ ~ T ~ AT P~ ~ H cCO$ O ~P M ~ I J U M . H ~ K o -
H e g , n p o u c x o A u T n o A H o e ero npenpayesue, 06a T e A a U M B ~ ~ ~ T -
CX B OAHO M CTaHOBXTCII OAHMM ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ TMHH ~ PI YML L I C I M ~ B
IM,
KOTOPOM H e T s u q e r o " ~ o c A ~ H ~ ~ ~ cMHHoa ~K oo T"o,p o e nepese-
duo
CeHbI BCe a ~ p u 6 y ~ b~ 1O X ~ C T B ~ H H O ~O - KOCMOCZ n y ~ K
b
6 e c c ~ e p ~ usaneprue~.
m
" B H ~ T P ~ H H X R;~I\xuMMR",B n p O Y e M , H e 6 b 1 ~ ae A U H b I M H a -
npanAesueM, M ee n o c l z e A o s a T e A u C U O H H ~ I ~ ~ I AB bMI A e M T b B ee
P a M K a X BbICIUMe M H H 3 I U U e TPWMIJMM. B Ka'leCTBe n P U M e P a
npMBeAeM H T" P ~ C C ~ X A ~ H M
$ P ~ ~ M ~ I43 II,
PaCCeMBaIOIlJerO COMHe-
HUX 0 COBepLUeHCTBOBaHMM B 6 e c c ~ e p ~ u(CK)
~ " CXHb 6 X ~ b
XO A Y H b ) 3 H a M e H M T O r O IQXHOCyHCKOI'O AaOCCKOrO H X T a H M K a
XI11 B. 60 K ) k q a ~ ~("Xa6a1
l 6 e ~ o r o~ e $ p u ~ a " )TO
. Co'IMHeHMe
IIpeACT'XiAXeT co6ok AM;1I\Or 60 K ) k q m x M e r O Y'IMTeNI q 3 H b
HMB~X.
" q 3 H b H H B ~CKX3;1I\:
H ~ "XOPOUIO, X paCCK;UKY ~ e 6 e06 3 T O M
(0 nyTM " 0 6 p e ~ e ~6 ue c~ c ~ e p w ~-" E. T). E C T ~' r p ~y p o ~ mB
YVeHMM 06 0 6 p e ~ e ~ ~ ~u C~C M ~ ~ TeMC TXb ,TPM C B e p U e H t l X B BbI-
nAanAeHMM 3AMKCMpa. TOT,K T 0 o 6 p e ~ n y T b s e 6 e c ~ b r x6 e c c ~ e p ~ -
HbIX M O X e T CBepLUaTh n p e B p a y e H M X M M ~ T ~ M O P C $ O ~ ~MI nOAHM-
MaTbCX BBbICb. Myxu BbICLUUX C ~ O C O ~ H O CMTO~T~T~ H a p M T b C X
3TOMy. OHMTeAO C ' I M T W T CBPIHLJOM, CepALJe CqMTaIOT PTYTbH3,
COCpeAOTOrleHMe C ' I M T W T B O A O ~ ~MYAPOCTb
, CqMTaioT OrHeM. BO
B p e M BKyUIeHMX n M Y M MOIYT OHM 3 a ' I a T b ( ~ ~ ~ O A ~6ecc~ep-
I L U
TUX), 3 a AeCRTb MeCXLJeB C O 3 p e e T 3apOAbIUI. TO B ~ I c L I I MC
~ n~O -
co6 BbInAaBAeHMX 3AMKCMPa. B e r O OCHOBe H e T T P M I p a M M M MX
(ASH).
q e p T , H e T T a K X e + ~ H T O B ( 2 5 3 ~ ~ 8PI) ~ H L J M ~ ~ '3.i0f cnoc06
n p o c T M A e r o K , ~ O ~ T O Mq eYp e s c e p A r J e n e p e A m T era. O l r e ~ ner-
b
KO B s e M A O C T M ~ycnexa.
~
 06pe~wwiin y T b B O O H b i X ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ TMH
OX~ eIT XBbIXOAHTb M
BXOAMTb, CKPbIBaTM3II M XBhRTbWI. M~XM CpeAHMX cnoco6~oc~ei
MOIYT HaJWMTbCI1 e M y . OHMnHeBMy C'IMTWT CBMHLJOM, AyX CqM-
T W T PTYTblO, 3HaK Y C q H T W T OrHeM, LJMKAMqeC-
LJMKAM'I~cKH~~
~ u i 3HaK
i V b Z C'IMTWT B O A O ~ . B TeVeHMe CTa ~ H e f OHM
i MOVT
CMeUlaTb IiCe M COeAMHUTb; q e p e 3 Tpcl rOAa CBeptIIMTCX o6pa3.
TO c p e ~ H M f icnoco6 BbInAaBAeHMX 3AMKCMP;L XOTX B HeM eCTb
T p M v a M M b I M MX qepTb1, T e M H e M e H e e H e T @YHTOB M yHLJMk.
BTOTcnoc06 TaMHCTBeHeH, n03TOMy YCTHO n e p e A W T er0. B HeM
HenpeMeHHO M O M 0 06pec~uYCIIeX.
06pe~ruuiin y T b " 3 e M ~ b 1~~ ~ C C M ~ ~ HM ~O XI eXT "OCTUMTb
CBOe T U O M npe6a1nan B MMPy. MYXUTOAIIbI MOrYT HaYqMTbCX
e M y . OHMc n e p M a T u s e c q m 3 ~ e p r ~ 1
( X0C ~ H L J M Wy u n ) c q u T a -
IOT C B M H ~ O M , K ~ O B ~
CPMTWT WT~K), ~ O ' I K M C'IMTWT BOAO~,
c e p A g e CVMTWT orHeM. B T e q e H H e O A H O ~ OroAa MOXHO n p o ~ 3 -
BeCTM ( ~ ~ ~ o A ~ I I Il rI e)p.e,3 AeBXTb AeT MOXHO AOCTMqb Y C n e X a
TO H M ~ L U Mcnoc06
~~ BbInAUAeHMX 3AMKCMPa B HeM eCTb TPM-
r p a M M b 1 M MX YePTbI, aT a m e eCTb @ Y H T ~ M
I YHLJMM. TOT CnO-
co6 CAOXeH H TpyAeH, II03TOMy H a nMCbMe nepeA;uoT er0. 60-
IOCb, qTO B H e M TPyAHO AOCTHqb yCIleX&
B b ~ c l r r ~ cnoco6
ii lIPMrOTOBAeHHX 3AMKCMPa C'IMTXT U H F -
AMeHTaMM ~ H a A 0 6 b X (110 ZjUG) CllepMaTMlreCKyIO 3HePrMH3, AyX,
XMBOTHbIe AyIIIM - TW, p a 3 y M H b I e AyJllM - X P b U MbICAb, CqM-
T W T B p M e H e M HarpeBaHMX (XO XOY) ABMXeHMe, n p e 6 b l ~ a ~ u e ,
gnp~ynrrLJMek
cuAeHue, AexaHMe, C ~ M T ~ ~ T 'IMCTO~, n o ~ o i iM
CaMOeCTeCTBeHHOCTb (Zj3bl m ~ b ) .
C ~ ~ Acnoco6
H M IIpMrOTOBAeHMX
~ 3AMKCMpa CqMTaeT U H F -
AHeHTaMM C H ; L A O ~ cepAge,
~X neqeaa, c e ~ e s e ~A~e ryK,u e M noq-
KU, C'IMTaeT B p e M e H e M H a F B a H W I rOAbl, MeCXgbI M AHM, C'LHTa-
e T LJMPK~MLJu~I? " 0 6 ' b X ~ u e M3Haqar\bH0r0" O#O-
M "xP~H~HM ~
ro".
H n s r u ~ i icnoco6 IIpHrOTOBAeHMX 3AMKCMpa CqMTaeT U H F -
AMeHTaMM C H ; L A O ~ ~CIlepMaTMqeCKyIO
R 3HeplTlH3, K p B b , KOCT-
Hb1k M 0 3 r , nHeBMy M WKM, C'IMTWT B p e M e H e M HarpeBaHMII 3%
a e p x q ( ~ a ~ x m w is)a, r ~ a ~ a ~ o ap~a cnTeu,p a H u e , HaxaTue, cw-
T W T L J n p ~ y h R L J n e k aKTyaAM3aIJWIO ( B M ~ Y ~ A M ~ ~ L J H
Pa3MbILU-
IO),
AeHHe, nOArbeM M c ~ ~ c K " .
 T ~ K M06pa30~,
M B n O A H e OqeBMAHO, q T 0 HMsLUMe, no KAXCM-
K)k'Imli, MeTOAbI " B H ~ T P ~MXHMMH"
@ H K ~ I J M M60 H H ~ ~ OnMCbI-
B W T IlpOIJeCC B TepMMHW C#)M~MOAO~MY~CKMX COOTB~TCTBM~~
B H Y T P e H H e r O MMKPOKOCMa, I l p M ' I e M " C Y ~ C T W ~ H M " , BOBAe'IeH-
H b I e B IIpOLJeCC, O ~ A W W T B e C b M a B ~ I C O K OC~T e n e H b I o 'IyBCTBeH-
HOG KOHKPeTHOCTH, IIpaKTMlreCKM C B ~ A ~ H HHOa ~H ~
e T B BbICLUMX
M e T O A W , B KOTOpbIX 3 a T O I I p O n O p g M O H a A b H O B O 3 p X T Z T yp0-
B e H b 3HaKOBOCTM, CMMBOAM'-IHOCTM, TePMMHOAOl'MM, npu6~uxa-
royeiic~K C M ~ O A M ' I H O C T MP u T y a A a , B K O T O ~ M+ M ~ M O A O ~ M ' I ~ C -
K;LR qyBCTBeHHOCTb K a K T P K O B U MAM ~ 0 0 6 y eCHUMaeTCX, HAM
l r p e s n b l r a i i ~ oC ~ ~ A U M M ~ ~ ~ T C I I .
C O ~ C T B ~ H6HeO
c c, ~ e p u eBO "06-
' ' B H ' Y T ~ ~ H HMXMMMM"
~~~
~ ~ T X T C X IlOCpeACTBOM
" KOHTPOAA HHab, T e A O M U YMOM, a He
BCAeACTBMe 3TM'leCKOrO COBePLUeHCTBOBaHMII, OAHaKO n p M 3 H a e T -
CX, q T O 3AbIe A e A a C O B e p L U W T C X M3-32% HMM'IMII x e ~ m u k( B
LUMPOKOM CMbICAe C A O B ~ ) M n 0 3 T O M Y XeAaI-lMII AOAXHbI 6 b 1 ~ b
npeoAoheHb1 (mw C ~ ~ A M M M ~ O B ~ BH ~npogecce
I ) w3epgmtur,
HO T e M H e M e H e e 3 T H K a HMKOHM o6pa30~H e X B M e T C X 3AeCb
c a ~ o ~ o ~ h e m M
y ep ak c c M a T p u n a e T c x B n c u x o a o r u q e c K o M KOH-
TeKCTe.

n p e & A a r Z ~ b l k BHUMWMH, ' I M T a T e M TeKCT npeACTaBAXeT

co6ok n e p e n o A n o s ~ ~ e Tr poa K T a T a no " B H ~ T ~ ~ ~MXHMHM",
H H ~ ~
npu~aps\exaujuk M M O M 3 B e C T H O M y AaDCCKOMy HXTaBHHK)'
YxXI 6 M q 3 ~ I o (B CaMOM nepeBOAe AByCAOXHbIe KHT&CKM~
MMeHa n M m y T c 2 no c ~ a p o kc u c T e M e H a n u c a m , sepes ~ e + ~ c :
YxXI 6 M - ' I 3 ~ b ) " T a k ~ bC ~
O B e p L U e H C T B O B ~ H XC ~ U J H O C T H On~p M -
pOAb1 (TO Xe C a M O e , 'IT0 *npMPOAHaJI CYUJHOCTb*, CUM - E. r )
M B e s ~ o kXM3HM (HAM X M 3 H e H H O C T H - UUH)". TOT T p a K T a T
6 b 1B ~ 1970 r. n e p e B e A e H H a mr~wkcawiiX3bIK M3BeCTHblM npo-
n a l ' W A M C T O M K M T ~ ~ C K M( X~ Y ~ U ~ C KMUAX ~ ~ CMCTeM
~ M~ e - x
AMT;LLJMM Ay K y a J - t b I O e ~ ( Y a p A b 3 0 ~~ Y K O M ) .
Cah4 T p a K T a T ~ ~ I I M C ~ I - IYxao ~ u ' I ~ H
6 b 1H B 30-e rOAbI
y x~e M
H a U l e r O CTOAeTMX (B T e K C T e Y n O M M H Z T C X , W O el'0 aBTOpy ~ ~ I A O
70 AeT B M O M e H T er0 H ~ I I M c ~ M I I )M OH CTOMT B OAHOM P X A y C
'Ipe3Bb1'1afiH0 MHOrO'IMCAeHHbIMM COqMHMTeMMM I I p X T M ' I e C K M X
PYKOBOACTB no B H y . r p e H H e f i UXMMMM, KOTOpbI BbIIUAM B CBeT B
KHTX Ha py6eme XIX-XX BB.
T ~ ~ K YTx a~D TE;M'I~HsI nPMHaJ+AelKMT K T a K H a 3 b l ~ a e ~ o f i
UIKOAe " ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T H ~ I (CRICB A A "O C H O B ~ H H OB~ ~XVf
X - 6 y@o), -

H a Y U e XVII BB. A m C O M y ~ Y H C I O ~ M p e + O p ~ ~ p o B a H H o fBi

XVflf B. A P Y r H M AaOCOM - A I O X y m ~ r o ~ ~ .~ ~ o A o A Tpab,M-
X ~ ~ I
H ~ ~ ~ X-XllI
y M l O A W C C K O ~ ~B H Y T ~ ~ HaAXMMMM BB. ( n e p M 0 ~ee
p ~ g ~ e n~o c Aa e A) o B a T e A M IUKOAbl " ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T H ~ I aKTMB-
X-6y~~
H O AOIIOAHXAM AaOCCKMe T e p M M H b l M npt?ACTaDAeHMR 6 y ~ ~ ~ f
CKMMM, M H O r A a y a A M K U b H 0 M e H R R CMbICA nOCAeAHMX. Eye OA-
H 0 f i C Y Y ~ C T B ~ H HOOC ~
O ~ C H H O C T ~ I~Oa H H 0 f iLIIKOAbI X B M e T C X OT-
K P B ~ H H ~ I+~M~~ M O A O I ' M ~ M~, ~ M ~ H R I O L L J6M
o ~~ e ey ~ 0 H q e H H b l f i
I I C ~ X O A O ~ ~ ~ ~ M ~ 3O
H eBp 'r e~T H
M 3HM~ IKAaCCMqeCKMX
~ ~ TpaKTaTOB.
M, HaKOHeg, 06 O I I p e A e A e H H O M A e K a a H C e TPWMLJMM, OTPa>lCeH-
H O M B T P a K T a T e Y m a D 6M'I311X CBMAeTeAbCTBYeT TOT O ~ K T' I, T 0
OH OTKPOBeHHO c006yae~TeXHMYeCKMe ~OAPO~HOCTM
M IIPH-
e M b l , C'4MTaBIlIMeCR 330TePM'IeCKMMM, IIMCbMeHHO H e ( ~ M K c M ~ O -
BaBIUMeCR M IIepeAaDaDUIMeCIl MCKAIO'#MTeAbHO O T JWMTCAR K Y'Ie-
HMKY.
T ~ M
He M e H e e , W q M H e H M e q X a 61.193~11
~ npt?ACTaBMeT He-
C O M H ~ H H MHTept?C
~ I ~ K a K c ~ o e o 6 p a 3 ~ b r KOMIIeHAMyM
fi ~aocc~oii
~ H y ? p e H H e haAXMMMM, nOCAeAOBaTeAbH0 O n M ~ b 1 ~ ~ I l J c BCe
l f i OC-
H O B H b I e CTWMM 3~0fi" A ~ C C K Ok~o~r ~ " .

B 3aKiIOqeHMe IIpeACTaDAReTCSI H ~ O ~ X O A L I M ~ InMo ~ p o 6 ~ o

Pa3'bRCHMTb H e K O T O P b l e KAIO'IeBbIe TCPMMHbI, BCTpe'IalOUJMeCH B
CO'IMHCHMM Y x ~~ M ~ ~ H I I .
1. B p o m ~ e ~ ~( oC Re H ~ 11211ltb) H T I P H O ~ ~ ~ T ~ H(XOY
H O ~
m n b ) . AOCAOBHO:
" n p e ~ e ~ e 6 e c ~ oM e""~ o c A ~ H ~ ~ ~ c (B
H o ~
~ ~ ~ A M ~ ~ BCa pKMO
a HM
Te: "npeHa~aAbH0e" M "IIocTH~TU~HO~").
C II03UgMM KOCMOAOrMM, " B ~ ~ X A ~ H H O-
~ " 3 T 0 &O M er0
M I I O C T Z M , 3MaHaLJMM, IIPeALIIeCTBYlOLLJMe B npOlJeCCe KOCMOre-
H e 3 a BMAMMOMY ~ e 6 y14 BCeMy ~ M I I ~ ~ M ' I ~ C K O
MMPY,
M Y OTIIaBUle-
MY O T CAMHCTBa C Aao ( " I I O K M H ~ B L I I ~ Mero
~ y~p06y") M noceMy
~ e ~ 3 6 e x a0o 6 p e ~ e ~ ~6 bo1~~ byC M e p T H b I M . "r7pexcAe~e6ec-
Hoe", " B P O X ~ ~ H H O ~-
" 3 T 0 YHMBePCYM MCTMHHOrO M M p O n O -
P I I A K a M eAMHCTBa, "110c~e~e6ec~oe"M t i P - Ae3MHTerpalJMM M
C M e PTM .
BO H ~ ~ ~ " B ~ o X , ~ ~ H H ~ I M( "n
B H Y T ~ ~ H;LI\XMMMM pe~~e~e6ec-
H ~ I M )O ~ ~ I ' I HH
OX i b I B W T C X M3HaYaAbHarl, CYUJHOCTHarl I I p M p A a
(CUM) M T e a C n e K T b 1 XM3tleHHOCTM (MUH), KOTOPbIe IIOAY'IWT-
CX 3 a p O A b I LUeM B M O M e H T 3aYaTMR. ~ H C P ~ M I I' I,e P I I a P I M W IIOCAC
POXAeHMII n p M IIORBAeHMM y p e 6 e ~ AbIXaHMII.DTHOCMTCX
~a yXe
K I I ~ M O ~ ~ ~ T ~ H HM
OAM eYa. B H Y T ~ ~ H H2AXMMMM
~ ~ ? - BO3BparrJe-
HMe K BPOXAeHHOMy, MCTMHHOMY, BeqHOMy, K CO~CTBCHHO~~
I I p M p A e , KOTOparl e C T b duo, M O T K Z OT BCerO BTOPMYHOTO, n p M -
O~~~T~HHOI'O.
2. ~ P M ~ O( CAY I~~ I I O C T H ~ Hn p M p o A a ) - XM3HeHHOCTb
(CUM-MUM). B A a o c M s M e X--XI BB. yme spena K o H g e n g M I i "IIPM-
pOAbl" VeAOBeKa, IIOArOTaDAMBarl IIOXBAeHMe T e O p M M CyHCKOrO
H ~ o K o H ( ) ~ L J I ~ ~ ~ ~ cBT CBOKI
B~, O q e p e A b IIOBAWlBIllerO BnOGAeACT-
BMM H a AaOCM3M. 3 T a KOHLJCIIYMII Y T B e p X A z T , ' I T 0 " n p M ~ 0 ~ a "
H ~ ~ o aMI l,a ee O C H O X M3 nHeBMb1-LJM 0 0 ~ -
'IeAoBeKa, A a p O B a H a
MMPYeTCII " I l p ~ p ~ ~-
BTOPM'4Ha.X a " " ~ P M P O A ~ " TeAeCHOrO
cuwa" (zjliwm w CUM). nepnym A a o c a I " I I M T ~ A M " , B T O P Y ~
cneAonano " n p e o ~ o ~ e n a ~ b Ho
" . c "npupoAoii T e A e c H o r o cma-
Aa" TeCHO CBX3aHO IIOHRTMC " X M ~ H ~ H H O C T M " , K O T O P O e B OTAM-
YMe O T H ~ O K O H ( ) Y I J M ~ H C K O
"B OA C H W ~ " , " ~ ~ ~ b 6 b (T.
~C 1 " e. IIpMpO-
AbI, K a K ~ a p y e ~ oHf ie 6 o ~
CYUJHOCTM) MbICAMAaCb e4e KaK XM3-
H e H H b I e I7pOgeCCb1, Ht? CBR3aHHbIe C M b l I l l A e H M e M M B O O ~ I ~ CC
~ C M X M ' I ~AeXTeAbklOCTbKI.
CKO~?
T~PMHH
"IIPHPo~~" CBR3blUaACR C " A Y X O B H O ~ ~ " (M~ICIUI-
tIJeG), R H C K O ~C~T O P O H O ~YeAOBeKa
~ ( u c ~ H ~ )a, T e P M M H MUH - C
" 6 e c c 0 3 ~ a ~ e ~ b ~ 0sf~i ~
e ,p r e ~ ~ s e cC~ToOf~i H O ~q ?e A o B e v e c K o r o
CyuJeCTBa. M CUM, M M U H n e p B O H a Y a r \ b t I O BOCnpHHMMaAMCb K a K
$ 0 ~ ~ 6IIHeBMbI-LJM
1 ( B OTAMYMC O T H ~ K O H ~ Y L J M ~ H CMT IIOIIBMB-
B~
IllerOCR B XI] B. AaOCM3Ma IllKOAbl ZjKXHZ, W 3 H b - "COB~PUI~H-
HOG MCTCIH~I", I I p e B p a T M B U I e f i CUH B 0 0 p ~ y~ ~ I T MAYXOBHOrO
R
IIpMHLJMna AU), HO BCe me M U H 6 b 1 ~ an H e B M 0 f i "no npeMMy4e-
CTBY" H B " C O ~ C T B ~ H H ~ ICM
M~ICA~" .
 M MUM, X M 3 H e H H O C T b 1 H y X A a A X b yXe H e B " n p e 0 ~ 0 A e -
HUM", a B COBepLUeHCTBOB%IMM n o ~ o 6 ~" I Iop M p o A e " , aa6a1, CHXB
TaKMM 0 6 p a 3 0 ~KOAAM3MIO "IIPMPOA~" - " ~ P M P O ATeAeCHOrO
~
cmwa", npuaec-rtl UenTa K 6 e c c ~ e p ~ u ml .' ~ p ~ p o ~(CUH)
a"
Ha3bIBaAXb T a m e ' ' ~ 3 ~ a ' l a A b ~AYXOM"
b1~ ( m ~ ~b 3 H b ) .COOT-
BeTCTBeHHO, XM3HeHHOCTb (MUH) Ha3bIBaAaCb " M 3 ~ a Y a A b ~ 0 k
I I H ~ B M o ~ " ( m H b 2424). H0 BCe Xe 3TO H e YTO MHOe, KaK ABe
(POPM~I IIHeBMbl (2424) B IIIMPOKOM CMbICAe ( O A H ~" A O K ~ A M ~ ~
CR" B rOAOBe, ATyl'ZH - B CpeAHeM "KMHOB~PHOM n0Ae").
AyX( " I I p M p o ~ a " ) CMMBOAM3MPYeTCR ~ p M r p a M M 0 k "OI'OHbJ'
(nu), B ~ o ~ o p oB tki e u m M e q e p b I C M A ~ H B I(RH)
~ , a BH~THHXII
c ~ a (6u H~~ ) .
C U M B O A XM3HeHHOCTM - T p M v a M M a " B O ~ ~ ("W H b ) C npo-
T U B O I I O A O ~ H OC
~MMBOAMKO~. B A W H O M C A y Y Z AU BbICTynaeT
K ~ R ~
K H C K ~ p u r p a ~a~Wa H, ~- K ~ K
HH~CKW.
C O ~ C T B ~ nHpHa O
~ ~ u l r e c CMbICA
~ u k YYeHWI COBepUleHCTBOBa-
HMII CUM M M U H CBOAXTCR K TOMY, YTO BHa'laAe W e n T , 3aHMMZHCb
I I C M X O ( P M ~ H Y ~ C K M MY
Mn P a X H e H M R M M ( ~ U M H ~ C T M K OAbIXaHM-
~,
e M , ~ 0 3 e p L J a H M e h 4 ) , YCnOKaMBaeT y M , y M e p 5 I e T C l p X T M M " B ~ I -
n A a 5 A R e T u 6 e c c ~ e p ~k~ b3 a1p o ~ b I I I I * " ( 3 ~ 0" C O B ~ P L U ~ H C T B O B ~ -
Hue'' X M ~ H ~ H H O 3Ca T M )yXe,
T eM . 3 a CYeT YMCTO M ~ A M T ~ T M B H O
IIPPKTMKM, ~ A M ~ K OK GY W ~ C K OH
O ~ ClpeMMTCR
, K 06pe~e~um
" H ~ A ~ R H M I I "( y
635) M K MHTyMTMBHOMy " ~ o c T ~ ~ K ~ H M I OAao
"
(TO e C T b K l l ~ ~ ~ e Q ~ ~P M ~~ ~ A ~
e I * "~ ) , ~ ~ ~
T O A ~ KTaKZH
O ABYCTOPOHHHR ITpaKTMKa BeAeT IIO MbICAM
W e n T O B K ~ H y T p e H H e kaAXUMMM, K "MCTMHHOMY 6ecc~ep~um"
ucero n c ~ x o ( P ~ 3 ~ ~ ec cy r~y eoc rT o
sa YeAoneKa, o T m l r H o r o K ~ K
OT
n p O C T O r 0 + u 3 ~ Y e c ~ o rnop o @ e H M I l XM3HM, T a K M OT YMCTO AY-
XOBHOrO, BHeAM'lHOCTHOrO " ~ ~ C C M ~ P T M I I~Y&$ZAMCTOB.
"
" n p M p 0 ~ a " T a m e CBR3bIBXTCX C CYLIJHOCTbIO UHb BHyTPM
R H M CO C T M X U ~"Aepe~a".
~ O T C I O A ~M o6pa3 MXrKOCTM, H e T B e p -
AOCTM, K a K y MOAOAOrO P O C T K Z COOTB~TCTB~HHO,
AAR +$=COB CO-
BePIIIeHCTBOBaHMe " X C I ~ H ~ H H OyKpenl\creT
CTH" T a m e "IIpMp0-
AY", M HW~OPOT.
Apyroe 8 ~ a ~ e ~ c l e . mr eeKm
c a r~p a M M b 1 14sznb (He6o) M nynb
(3eMiVI), COOTBeTCTBeHHO OHM U ~ O ~ P ; U K W T C X T p e M CMAbHbl-
MU, C ~ A O U I H ~ I M sMe p T a M w (He6o) M Tpem C A ~ ~ ~ I Mnpepar-
M ,
 B M C T ~ I M Mr e p T a M u MA MAX), nomflca 0 6 p a 3 a ~ ul r u c ~ o r oan u
YMCTOrO UHb. no CMCTeMe npOCTpaHCTBeHHOr0 p X n O A O X e H W 4
TPMvaMM, TPQMIJMOHHO ~ ~ M ~ M C ~ I B W L I A
J e~r e~HCAIa p
I HOMy
~ ~ I W Y ~ C K "OC
@Y-CM M BnOCAeACTBMM C O O T H ~ C ~ H H CO M ~~X ~MO~
u3 p e ~ uXywxs" (xs my), - r p u r p a M M a "He6o" p a c n o A a r a e T c x
H a mre, a T p u r p a M M a " 3 e ~ - " H a cesepe, s ~ Ko ~ K6 y ~ 6ar
~ o
IIOAHOCTbK, COOTBeTCTByeT AOrMKe YepeAOBaHMX C T U X M ~(mr -
s M c T o e RH, c e B e p - s u c T o e u n b ; mr - o r o ~ b("HeGo"), ceoep
- BOAa ( " 3 e ~ " ) .
O A H ~ KHO a CXeMe n p o C l p a H C T W H H O r 0 PaCnOAOXeHMX l p U -
,h
lh
l;ap
.r TPwMIJMOHHO ~ ~ M ~ M C ~ I B ~ M OM ~ BBH~-BW~
n O 3 A H e e CO-
-"~UC
O T H ~ C ~ H HCO~~p y r o k~ a r M . l e c K 0 f i K a p o k ~ M ~ H ~M3M U
p e w Aomyk" (no my), TpMrpaMMa "He6o" cABwHyTa H a cene-
PO-3an+j, a TpMrpaMMa ' ' ~ ~ M N I-
" Ha mro-sanw, T. e. "He60J'
K ~ K
6b1 n p ~ o 6 p e ~ aK~a ~ou e - T OC B O ~ C T BU~n b ( c e ~ e p )a, " 3 e ~ -
AX'' - RH (mr).
~ ; P Y ~ MCAOBaMM,
MU T'dKOe n O A 0 X e H M e H e W B C e M WOTBeTCT-
ByeT T P ~ M I J M O H H OCMMBOAMKe
~ TPMTpaMM. B COOTBeTCTBMM C
~p+jMlJMefi n03AHeFO AaOCM3Ma CXeMa @y-CM ( U WOTBeTCTBeH-
HO, X3 my) O T O ~ P MCTMHHO
~ ~ ~ T ~ ~ P M O H M Y MMPOnOPXAOK
H~I~~
UAeaAbHOrO ( " n p e X ~ e ~ e 6 e ~ ~B0p o~X0A e~H'H, O r O C a n 8 t f U E ~ b )
KOCMOCa, H e o r oB rpy6y10 TeAeCHOCTb U npe6a1~a-
0 6 ~ e s e ~ ~eye
SOLIJerO B COCTOXHMM YTOHYe H H 0 f i ~$HPHOCTH. B~OCA~ACTBM~
yTOHYeHHOe Cl'yIIJaeTCX B TeAeCHOCTb B " ~ O X A ~ H H O MUnOCAeHe-
6 e c ~ o ~ w(XOY
" t f U E ~ b ) U C K m e H H O M KOCMOCe. A a ~ ~ b nopa-
~ f i
AOK O T O ~ P ~ X ~HHa CXeMe B T ) H ~ - (B" H~ c~K ~ > K ~ H H ~ "BbIPa3M-
cc
AOCb B CMeLIJeHHOCTM T P M V a M M no CpaBHeHMlo C UX MCTMH-
HIIM" M,UCOOTBeTCTBeHHO
M ~ C T O ~ ~ O A O ~ ~ H ~ M ) B A0 WY.
A p y r m ~CAOBaMU, IIePBaR ITpoClpaHCTBeHHaR CMCTeMa OT-
P M a e T KaK 6b1 MHTeI'PMPOBWHOCTb, eAMHCTB0, Be'IHyW X M 3 H b
" n p e x ~ e ~ e 6 e c ~ oKOCMOCa,
ro~' a B T O P m - pacna,$, Ae3MHTerpM-
POBWHOCTb, 0 6 p e ' l e ~ ~ o c ~" b
~ O C A ~ H ~ ~ ~ C HK0CMOC;L
O ~ O " BOC-
CTWOBMTb " n p e ~ e ~ e 6 e c ~ o( eB "~ ~ X A ~ H H COCTORHMe
O ~ ) 'IeA0-
B e K a M n p M 3 B W a J n O YYeHMlo AaOCM3Ma, BHy?peHHXR UXMMMX.
3. P a 3 y M ~ b l eU XMBOTHble AymM - AyUM no ("He-
XJWlb U
6 e c ~ b r e "M " 3 eb1e"
~ ~AYUM, Ay UlM AyXOBH bIe M AYIUM T ~ A ~ Cb1e)
H
- T P w U I J U O H H O e K M T ~ ~ C K0 O6 0
~3~ase~we AyUlM, X a p a K -
T e p H o e AAR ncex p e n ~ r c l f iKn~arr.n p e ~ c ~ a n ~ eo~x w
y neb H no
BOCXOAHT K a p X a H ' I e C K H M p e A H r H O 3 H b l M B e p O B a H M R M U I a h l a H -
c ~ o r oxapamepa, IlOCKOAbKy u M e H H o HHX X a p a K T e p H o npu-
3H;LHMe M H O X e C T B e H H O C T H AyIU. ~ I ~ O M M H ~ H0MAyIUZ3.X
I ~ X F b M
no B T e K C T a X BCTpe'IXOTCR C C e p e A M H b I I TbICR'IeAeTMH A0 H. 3.
(An I J ~ M , 430 'IXYOHL M ~p.).
K M T ~ ~ ~ CTPWMLJMH
K O ~ X a P a K T e P H O HaTYP;MMCTM'IeCKOe
npeAcTaBAeHHe 0 AyUle. Ayrua PacCMaTpMBaeTCR KaK c~oeo6pa3-
~ b l C (RH)
k VCTOK I ~ O A O X M T ~ A ~HO ~ ~ O T P M I J ~ T ~ A ~ H(Ou~H
MAM ~ ~)
nHeBMbI-yM, c~oeo6pa3~ofi ~ a T e p U H . A y r u ~X
T O H K O ~M p b CO-
CTORT M3 I ~ O A O X E I T ~ A
IlH
~eH
BMOb ~ (RH-W)
I ~ M OTBeTCTBeHHbl 39
CO3H;LHMe M M b I I l I A e H H e ' I e A O B e K a , AYUIM no - H 3 OTPMIJaTeAb-
H 0 f i I l H e B M b l (UHb-ZjU) M O ~ ~ C A ~ B A H B WXTH 3 H e A e R T e A b H O C T b
qeAOBeKa. C O ~ A ~T pH~ MOI J M M ,K a K IlpaBHAO, I l p H 3 H X T C R H a M -
we y K a x A o r o X e A o s e K a AecRTM A ~ I U- Tpex x y n b M ceMM no.
~ O C K O A ~CAMHCTBO
K ~ 3TMX AYLU A O C T M r W C R TOAbKO 3 a C'ICT
TOTO, 'ITO OHM n p e 6 b l n a r o ~B OAHOM T e A e , ++VI p e n w r ~ i i K H T xa-
~
P a K T e p H O OTCyTCTBMe B e p b I B 6 e c c ~ e p AyIUH.
~~e ~ O C C
AM~e p T H
T e A O F M ~ H ~H TCBR3M M e X A y AyIIl'dMM P a c I I a W T C R . Ko~nne~
AyUl XYHb CAeAyeT 3a AyXOM ( u L ~ H ~ ~) ,0 ~ 0 p b lOTIlPaDAHeTCH
f i Ha
~ e 6 0M PaCTBOPReTCH B A ycW no
~ e 6 e c ~ oIil Hi e B M e . K o ~ n n e ~
IIpeBpaUJaeTCR B AeMOHa (z*), HaXOAXrrJerOCR B ~ A M ~OM T TeAa M
cnoco6aoro K IIORBAeHHH) B BMAe n p M 3 p a K a . n 0 3 ~ H e eZ
w YXO-
AMT IIOA 3 e M A I 0 , I'Ae MAH I l p e B p a U J X T C R B T e H b B n O A 3 e M H O M
LJapCTBe MepTBbIX ( " X e A ~ b l f i MCTO'IHMK",
X y U H ZjlaaHb), HAM
~ L I ~ H PaCTBOPMBIUMCb
~ T , B ~ ~ M H OI IG
HeBMe.
B ~ y n b ~ y gp aep c T n a Yy n e p M o A a YX~HL-ro(V-111 BB. AO
H . 3.) CYLIJeCTBOB;U\O I I p e A C T a B A e H M e 0 B03MOXHOCTM sarpo6no-
ro ~ A ~ X ~ H C ATy XB a~U 3 H b B H C ~ C C H O Mpal0 ( B M ~ M M O ,pacnona-
rZ3BIIIeMCR H a M M C $ M Y ~ C K O ~ ~ rope K Y H ~ A Y HIIpM
~ ) YCAOBMM C o x p a -
H e H M R T e A a y M e p U l e r 0 . 0 6 3TMX BePOBaHMRX CBMAeTeAbCTBYIOT
M a T e p M M b I PaCKOllOK B Y a H m a - M a B a H ~ y f i ( ~ P O B . X Y H ~ H ~
1972-1974 rr.).
B H Y T ~ ~ HUXMMMM
H ~ ~ ~ - K p y r O B O e ABMXeHMe n H e B M b 1 no Kma-
AaM T e A a , " M ~ A O M YH ~ ~ ~ C H O K
M~Y
YIY".
6) C ~ ~ H O C TTeAO H O(Teno~ ~ ~ K O H Z ~ @a
, W3Hb, 8 X a p M a -
mik13
T eeA o (xya W ~ H B n, u p ~ a n a ~ a t i-
B) n p e n p a y e ~ ~ o R "np~-
3pa'IH0e" TeAO, C 0 3 A a H H O e MeAMTaTMBHbIM COCPeAOTOYeHMeM
6 y MAM
~ ~~O A X M C ~ T T BY, T O ~ IIBMTCX
~ I B YyBCTBeHHOM M M p e
npOlTOBeAM M C n a t e H M X X U B b I X C Y y e C T B . B AZWCM3Me - ,TeAa,
MeAMTaTMBHO C03AalaeMbIe ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T M3
H ~ CBOMX
I M TOHKMX
~C)MPH~IX 3~epruf1,B KOTOPbIX O H M O X e T OAHOBPeMeHHO IIOXB-
 "CEKPETbI KYAbTMBALJMM
M ~ H A u A A ~ H llPMPOAbI
o~~ M B E U H O ~>KM3HMJ'

noc~eI I ~ ~ A M K ~ I J MHMa m e t i se~oep'roiiKHMrH " T a f i ~ b KM-

~
T ~ C K O
M ~~A M
~ T ~ I J H M "B ee HeMeJJKOM M MTUbIIHCKOM IIepeBO-
AaX, ~ ~ I A' 4 O
p e 3 ~ b l s a f i H 0IIpWlTHO y 3 H a T b OT HaLUMX 3aIIa+$HbIX
' ~ M T ~ T ~ AIIPaKTMKYIOYMX
~ G , HHAH~~cKYIOGory, s T 0 OHM C MHTe-
PeCOM M 3 p ; U O T ee K W T ~ ~ ~ C3KBMBUeHT.
K H ~
Ho ~aocc~arr
MeAuTaym, cAyxayarr AM geaek ynysmeHwr
3AOpOBb9, paCCMaTpMBat2TCSl TOAbKO B T p e X l'AaJ3a.X 3~0fiKHHIU.
M3-3a OTCYTCTBMII M e C T a MbI H e MOrAM AOCTaT04HO IIOAHO PaC-
C M O T P e T b AaOCCKYIO fiery, K O T O p m BKAIO'IZT T a K HZ3bIBat2MyIO
AyXOBHyIO aAXHMHIO M M e e T JJeAbIo IIOAHOCTbIO I I O ~ ~ A M T
CMep'rb.
3 ~ KaH M r a IIPeACTaBAXeT IIepeBOA T p a K T a T a " T a i i ~ bCOBep-
~
IUeHCTBOBaHMX C ~ I J J H O C T H O IIpMpoAbI
~ M Bes~oGX M ~ H H " , HaIlM-
CaHHOl'O AaOCCKMM MaCTepOM % K a 0 ~ H - ' J ~ H (PA.
~ M 1860 r.).
B 3 ~ 0 i iK H u r e 16 rAaB o "Aaocc~oiiiiore", co~epxayeiinpea-
IlMCaHWi, COCTaBAeHHbIe CTaPMHHblMH HaCTaBHMKaMM. B ~ e i i
paCCKa3blBXTCII 0 TOM, KaK CAeAyeT m y 6 o ~ oM IIOAHO 3aHMMaTb-
A ~M ~TOrO,
CII A Y X O B H O ~~ A x M M M ~ q ~ 0 6 b 1n e p e f i ~
OT~ CMepTHOrO
K ~~CCM~PTHOM
~ OYX ~ C T B ~ H H O M Y
COCTOIIHMH). O I I M C ~ H M IA
I mC-
f i 0 r M nOAHbl TeXHM'leCKMX TePMMHOB, KOTOPbIe DeCbMa TY-
C K O ~
MWHbIMM M HenOHIITHbIMM A a X e &Ul K M T ~ C K M XJNaYMXCII, no-
TOMY ' I T 0 XiTOPbI H e XOTeAM, U T O ~ M3TM TeKCTbI ~ ~ I AAOCTYIlHbl
M
A I O M M H M ~ K OCTeneHM
~ ~ AYXOBHOCTM MAM C O M H M T ~ A ~ H MAeO-
O~~
AOrUM, a T a m e H e B e p y I o y M M MAM ~ O ~ O X ~ A ~ H H K ~ M .
He A e A m A o c n o s H o r o n e p e e o A a TCPMMHOB, MII n e p e A a m MX
H a IIPOCTOM W ~ A U ~ ~ C113bIKe,
K O M q ~ 0 6 b 1 ~ 3 6 e x a ~IIyTaHMLJbI.
b
H a n p ~ ~ eCBMHeLJ
p, MW T b MbI tqXBOAMAM KaK XM3HeHHOCTb
(YU) M AyX ( ~ 1 3 M b ) , T a K KaK 3 T 0 COOTBeTCTBYeT IIpMAaBX?MOMy
MM B TeKCTe CMbICAY C TeM, 9 ~ 0 CAeAaTb
6 ~ TeKCT 6 o ~ e e
IIOHXT-
HbIM A M C p e A H e r O qMTaTeA5I.O A H ~ KHeKOTOpbIe
O M3 HMX, H e
M M e H l y M e a H m M f i c ~ o r 03KBUBaAeHTa. Mbl COXPaHMAM, C o n P o -
B O X A m MX CO0TBeTCTBYH)lJJHMM O ~ W I C H ~ H H I I M M
M IlPMMe'IaHMI1-
MM. 3 a I I U ~ b l YMTaTeAM
e CMOIYT YBMAeTb, C KaKMMM TPYAHOCTII-
MH MbI CTOAKHYAMCb, KOrAa IIpMCTynMAM K M3)NeHMW AaQCCKMX
TeKCTOB.
Aaocc~maAXMMHR IIpeOAOAeBXT MHpCKOe Te'leHMe XMJHM,
He yeii c u e ( z ~ ~ u M ) ,co3~am
n o s ~ o ~ocnpo~snopp
~x yeii cnep-
o6p;wo~,
M y , IIPOIIBMTbCII O ~ ~ I Y H ~ I M YA0BAeTBOPXH)LZJMM CeKCy-
a A b H 0 e 'lyBCTB0 M nPMBOflyMM K C03AZHWH3 IIOTOMCTBZ K ~ K
TOAbKO 3 T a CMAa H a ' I H H X T IlPMXOAHTb B ABMXeHMe, CAeAyII
O~~I'IHO M Y ee IIOBOpa'iMBXOT
IlyTU, o 6 p a ~ ~M0 ,3 a T e M BHYTH-
HUM OrHCM, K O T O P ~ IC03AaeTCII
~ 3 a C'leT Y n p a B A e H W i AbIXWMeM,
HaIIpaBMWT B MMKPOKOCMM~~CKM ~
KPYr &UC Y ~ A M M ~ ~ M MTOT
.
KPYr HaqMHXTCII B OCHOBWUM CnMHbI, H a 3 b I B Z M O M IIePBblM 3a-
TBOPOM (6312AY) , nOTOM IIOAHMMXTCX no CnHHHOMY xpe6q KO
BTOpOMy 3aTBOpy M e m y IIOqKaMH (253~VU) M 3aTeM K 3U~e6
qaCTM rOAOBb1, H ~ ~ ~ I B Xb M
T T M MO ~
3aTBOPOM (10 ~ 3 M b ) ,I I p e X -
Ae q e M AOCTMqb ~ 0 3 r a(MU 6aMb). 3 a ~ e H~a ,O ~ ~ T H OnyT:4
M K
MCXOAHO~~
TOqKe, M3 K O T O P O ~ ~BbIIIleA, OH CIIYCKZTCII BHM3 no
AMIJy, rpyAM M.XMBOTY. T ~ K M06pa30~.
M 3aMbIKZTCII ~ O A H ~ I ~

KPYr.
 ~ O yAI l p a B A X e M b I M AbIXaHMeM n O A p a 3 y M e B Z T C X r~y6o~o
AbIXaslMe, K O T O p O e A O C T M r X T C a M O r O H M 3 a X M B O T a . OHOB03-
~YXAZT B H ~ H H O
U r O~H b M 3 a T e M W 3 A X T A m A e H M e H a BOC-
IIpOM3BO&HyyIO C U y ,
-
yXe C O A e p X a Y y I O C X TaM. TO BbIHyX,b,a-
e T , K a K Ol'OHb, T a K H BOC~IPOM~BO&HUJYIO
C U y nOAHMMaTbCX no
many ynpanAeHtiX (ay NO) B C n u H H o M xpe6~eK rohone. TO
C O n p O B O X A X T C X BAOXaMM M BbIAOXaMM, KOTOPbIe W3AZUOT P a C -
c ~ a 6 ~ BeH ~M >~K eH ~YaCTM
~ X M B O T a , T a K YTO O r O H b M BOCnPOM3-
B O & H y a R CMAa, IlOAHXBLIlMeCX A0 I'OAOBbI, O n y C K W T C X no Kma-
Ay 3alraTbX ( x 3 H b UO) B n e p e ~ ~ eYaCTM
k TeAa, o6pa3y~TaKMM
06pa30~n b ~ kM M K P O K O C M M Y ~ C K OO~P ~ W T ~ I .
o ~ ~ gMK.4
~ T H
Ue n p e p b I B H b I e n O A 5 e M b I U CnyCKM OlrMIyaIOT BOCnpOM3-
B O M r r J y I o CUAy, KOTOPaR 3 a T e M y A e p X M B % T C X B H M X H e M &lib
Vl.XHe, O H a M O X e T 6 b l ~ bnpe06pa3o~a~a
B XM3HeHHOCTb.
MMK~OKOCMUY~CKM
K~p y~ r U M e e T Y e T b I p e OCHOBHbIe TOYKM: B
O C H O B ~ H M Mn e H u c a , r A e c o 6 n p a e . r ~~~o c n p o ~ 3 ~ o p ~cma,
l y a . H~a
B e p X y L U K e rOAOBbl U B AByX TOlrKaX M e X A y HMMU: B CnMHHOM
x p e 6 ~ eM B n e p e ~ ~ ev akc T M TeAa, rae ~ o c n p o ~ 3 ~ o ~ cma ~ y a r
OYMUJXTCX B IIpOrJeCCe ABMXeHMX no M M K P O K O C M M ~ ~ ~ C O K PO-~
6 u ~ enpu
. noMeyeHuM ~ o c n p o u l K p y r , nepno-
3 ~ o ~ yc eu i~ i b B
CTeneHHoe 3 ~ a ~uM
e e e~T o~n pee A e n e H u e M e c T o n o A o x c e H M r r MC-
X O A H O ~nOAOCTM AyXOBHOCTM B M 0 3 r y . ~ O A O C TAyXOBHOCTM
~ PaC-
n O A a r Z T C X T a M , r A e n O K a 3 b I B X T C X CBeT. C B ~BT0 3 H U K X T B CAY-
qX, K O r A a I I p a K ~ ~ K y l o y KOHIJeHTpMPYeT
~ k C B O ~ B9rA114 Ha
ECAM
. r 0 H e CAeAaTb, TOI'Aa C B ~ T X Y M ~ -
TOYKe 3 9 ~ e ~ 6 p o ~ b e 3~ T O
CX B H Y T ~ ~ HXaP,
H M nOAHMMaRCb
~ ~ K r O A 0 B e n p M ABMXeHMM no
MUKPOKOCMMY~CKOO ~ ,O X e T 6 b 1 ~ bno
~ ~P ~ M T M o m ~ 6 n~p Me H X T
3 a 3 T O T C B e T M O U I M ~ O ' I H O 0K;UKeTCH H a I l P a B A e H H b I M B 6 o ~ e e
HM3KMe 3 H e p r e T U Y e C K M e LJeHTpbI B rOAOBe, O T K y A a e T 0 6 y ~ e
TPYAHO n e p e M e C T M T b . M ~ o r u eH e O n b I T H b l e M H e M M e l o y M e py-
KOBOACTBa YYeHMKM COBePLUZUOT T a K y l o ornu6~y,YMeHbIlIaIO-
Y y I O ~ $ I ) ~ K T C I B H O C T ~ A ~ O C C K OaAXHMHH.
~
K o r ~ aBOCnpOU3BOAXya.H CMAa H a Y M H X T ABMraTbCX noA A&-
CTBMeM O ~ ~ I Y HY Y
O B~C T B ~ H H OCeKCya.AbHOCTM,
~ LJeAb YrIpaBAXe-
M O r O AbIXaHMX 3 a K A l o Y X T C X B TOM, q ~ 0 6 b 1nO&HRTb 3TY CMAy A0
llOAOCTM H M X H e r O 8 a H b tlU1HX, T a K , Y T O ~ Y
~AI epXaTb ee TaM M
n p e o 6 p a 3 o ~ a ~Bb ~ . A x M M M ~ ~ ~ c3K
A ue M
~ e~H T , a HOTOM - B X M 3 -
H e H H O C T b (HAM X M 3 H e H H y K I C M A ~ ) B pafio~eC O A H e q H O r O CnAe-
TCHMR. T ~ K MOM
~ P aaM
~ O M , b m R M b B H M X H ~Y ~Z T
~ M X M B O T a MT-
P X T POAb " r 0 p R y e f i IIeqM", 0 6 c ~ y ~ ~ ~ a 1 0KOTeA,
y e i iB KOTOPOM
COAePXMTCII B O C I I p O M 3 B O A R y X I CMAa, r O T O B m K ~ a A b ~ e f i I l I e ~ y
BOCXOXAeHMK) K COAHe'lHOMY CnAeTeHMK).
E ( y ~ y q l 4O'lMIJJeHa, BOCnPOM3BO,@uJaJr CMAa H a n p a B A X e T C R I 1 0
M H K P O K O C M M Y ~ C K Oo
~~p 6 u ~ eK COAHeYHOMy C n A e W H M I O , H a 3 L I B a -
e M O M y CpeAHMM 8 a H b P l S H e M , K O T O ~ ~ I ~ ~
CTaHOBMTCR CpeAHMM
KOTAOM, I I O A O ~ e B X M b l M n b 1 ~ ~ 4 e nf e iq b K 3 B H W H C M 8 a M b
WZSZHe (noA ~ Y ~ K O M I)/ .~ M ~ H H Bo COAHeqHOM CnAeTeHMH BOCnpO-
M 3 B O A R Y m CMAa, IIBAIIlOUJWlCR T e I I e p b aAXMMMqeCKMM 3 A e M e H -
TOM, n p e 0 6 p a 3 y e ~ c x B X M 3 H e H H O C T L . O T T ~OA
K a~I l O A H M M X T C R
K ~ o 3 1 - y (nu dam), rAe nyTeM xopoll~oy n p a n A n e M o r o A~IX~HMR
AOAXHO B O ~ ~ Y A M T C R
C n a B I l J e e A 0 CMX n O p H Z T O R y e e X M 3 H e H -
H o e ALIxaHMe.
Tenepa i H K M ~M
B M 0 3 r Y IIOlIBAReTCR T P K t l a 3 b 1 ~ X ~ b 1Tf O Apa-
r o y e ~ ~ b l KOTeA
f i (MU d a H b ) , a 0 6 c ~ y x ~ ~ a m yero
e f in b 1 A a K ) y e f i
n e s b m n o - n p e X H e M y O C T X T C R H M X H M ~8~a H b m R H b . T ~ K M06-
M
p a 3 0 M , B T O B p e M R K a K n e Y b O C T X T C R B H M X H ~VaCTM
~ ~ XMBOTa
B T e q e H M e B-rO n p O I J e C C a , KOTeA M e H X e T MeCTO, IIOAHMMaJICb O T
H W H C T O 8 a H b PlSHff K C p e A H e M y ( R COAHeVHOe c ~ A ~ T ~ H MM,~ ) ,
HaKOHelJ, K B e P X H e M Y 8 a ~ mRHH)
b B rOAOBHOM M 0 3 r e , TAe O H H a -
3bIBaeTCR A P a r O r J e H H b I M KOTAOM.
APY~MMM
CAOBaMM, H M X < H M ~& Z M b P l S H b M I p X T pOAb nep-
BMqHOrO KOTAa, COAepXaUJerCl BOcnpOM3BO+$XyyW CMAy B C a M O M
Haqane a n x r ~ ~ ~ r e c npoyecca.
~oro
K o r ~ a~ o c n p 0 ~ 3 ~ o ~ c~ m
u a
~ oa lrr rm y x T c n B npoyecce A m -
o ~p~
X e l l M R 110 M U K P O K O C M M ~ ~ C K O 6~~
M e
ZTaHOBMTCR aAXMMM-
'leCKMM 3 A e M e H T O M , O H a n O A H M M X T C R K COAHC'IHOMY C n A e T e -
HMIO, K O T O P O e T O r A a H a Y M H a e T M r P a T b P O A b C p e A H e r O KOTAa, rAe
B O C ~ p O M 3 B O A R l I J X I CMAa n p e B p a r r J X T C R B X M 3 H e H H O C T b .
K o r ~ aX H 3 H e H H O C T b O q M y X T C R , O H a nOAHMMiETCII A0 HU
6 a M b (MO~XX),K O ~ O p b l f iT O r A a CTaHOBMTCR A p X O g e H H b l M KOT-
AOM, rAe X M 3 H e H H O C T b n e p e X O A M T B AyXOBtIOCTb. T ~ K M06pa-
M
3 0 M f l l l ~ ~ ~Cf Pi ~, A H MM~ B~ ~ ~ X Ha aM
M b~ m R H b OAMH 32 A P Y r M M
~OCA~AOB~T~AL
CT~EIOBRTCX
HO K O T A ~ M M . >TO O ~ H ~ ~ I XVTO
T , OHM

2 Nz 421
I ~ K
A e A W T C I I IIOAOCTIIMM - 3HePreTM'leCKMMW L J e H l p a M M , rAe CO-
nepruae~cin p e s p a y e H w e .
T ~ K M OM~ ~ Z O M n, y T e M C O ~ M P ~ M MMKPOKOCMM'leCKOrO
X
1
B H e L U H e r O UXMMM'leCKOrO 3 A e M e H T a P e H H e " 3 a ~ l \ a + $ b l ~ a e ~OC-
~onwue" BocnoAHmuun pacceunae~oiio o c n p o ~ 3 ~ o p y e
CMAbI M .aKTMBM3aLJMM M 0 3 r a .
C y ~M
b eTOAa -B ~ A ~ ~ O KOBAa+$eHMM
O M KOHTPOAeM 3 8 AblXa-
HMM AIM TOTO, ' l ~ 0 6 b 1 nOAHIITb B H Y T P ~ H H HXap
~ no KaHaAy yn-
pameHMx 36 pa3 M 3 a ~ oen y~c K a T b ero no ~ a ~ a sava~b5-1
h y 24
PZa. Y U C A ~36 M 24 XBAIIWTCII COOTBeTCTBeHHO IlOAOXHTeAb-
H b I M M OTPMLJaTeAbHbIM qMCAOM B A ~ O C C K Okore.
~ K a ~ ~ Bop ea -
yeme MAM LJMKA c o n e p r u a e T c x 3a OAHO nomoe e.
A I I X W M ~ , T.
IIOAHbIe BAOX M BbIAOX, B T e ' l e H M e KOTOPOrO AyXOBHOCTb M X M 3 -
H e H H O C T b COBMeCTHO A B M l ' W T c i M OCTaHZiBAUBWTCII IIO CMbIKa-
IO~MMCII~ p y - r 3a e~m u ( ~ e ~ Ma He6a
) .
( ~ O A O B ~ I )A y x o ~ ~ o
IIPMBOGMTCII B A B M X e H M e B p a r r J e H M e M F A Z , a XM3HeHHOCTb CO-
B M e C T H b I M A ~ ~ C T B MyXe
~ M HaKOIlAeHHbIX X M ~ H ~ H HMOBOCnpO-
~
~ 3 ~ 0 A X y CMAbI.
e k
3 ~ e c b
pe'lb IIIAa 0 TOM, K a K c o 6 p a ~ bB H ~ U H MWXUMMqeC-
~
K M 3~A e M e H T @II T O r O , ' l ~ 0 6 b l O C B O ~ O A M TTeAO
~ OT BCeX 6o~e3-
~eii.
2
YTO K X Z T C I I B H y T P e H H e r O ahXMMM'leCKOr0 3 A e M e H T a , TO
OH c o 6 w p a e ~ cn ~y T e M B p a Y e H M R r A a 3 C A e B a H a I l p a B O B COeAMHe-
HUM C MMKPOKOCMM'leCKUM n a p O M , K O T O ~ ~nPOXOAMT
I ~ 'lepe3
C ~ ~ A M M ~ L JBM' IM
e T b I p e X rAaBHblX TOqKaX MMKPOKOCMM'leC-
~ P ~ U T ~ I TOT
K O O . nPOLJeCC H a3bIBaeTCII "BHYTP~HHHM
CAMIIHM-

&U3 6 0 ~ e eACKUbHOrO O G ~ R C H C H M H ~O~X a H BblAOXa BHCIlIHCCO B o 3 A y x a ,&is3 W 3 -

6 ~ e m eq-rpemiero
a o m , o r u q a M q e r o ~ c r r p o u 3 8 o ~ q y cr oy y , M u r a m g y m
no M U K ~ O K O C M U Y ~ C K Oop6u~e.
~ CM, rl; 11 U PUC. 3. H;uea+iwe MUKpOKOcMU'4eC-
K W B~ H ~ I I I H u ~ A
~ X W H ' ~ C C K H3ACMCHT
~~ B03HUKA0 n O l V M y , 'IT0 3lWT 3ACMCHT U)-
W a e T c n npu n o M o q w ceexero eowyxa, W l x a e M o r o u BbIAslxacMoro T o r o , wo-
6b1 KpeBPaTUTb BOC~OH3BO,VlU)YIO CHAY B XH3HeHHOCTb.
e M " IIOAOXMTeAbHOrO H OTPMLJaTeAbHOrO H a ' I U . TO 03HaqaeT,
' I T 0 XM3HeHHOCTb IIOA A ~ ~ ~ C T B AbIXmMII
U ~ M M BHyTpeHHerO Xa-
pa, IIOAHMMXTCII BBepX M OIIYCKXTCII BHM3, T a K ' I T 0 X M 3 H e H H O e
AbIXaHMe B M 0 3 1 y CBR3blBaeTCII C H ~ P B H OC~M
~CT~MO~
B~b I, 3 b I B U
pa3BMTMe AyXOBHOCTM 1.1 IIpOIIBAeHMe ee IIPKOFO CBeTa; O ~ ~ I Y H O
3 T 0 Ha3bIBaeTCX IIPMrOTOBAeHMeM " ~ O A O T O ~ O~AMKCHPP". TOT
I I P K H ~ CBeT RBlUIeTCR " T ~ M H C T B ~ H H ~ I~M
~ T B o P O M " (cKXZHZ, ZY-
ant)), K O T O ~ H~ eI IIOAAaeTCII
~ ~ OIIMCaHMm M, Ha'IMHaA C KOTOPO-
r0, AyX COBepUIaeT BblXOA BOBHe.
r ~ a 3 aXBMWTCX IIOAOXMTeAbHbIMU LJeHTpaMM (xH), B TO
B p e M KaK BCe O C T U b H O e TeAO OlpMLJaTeAbHO ( 2 4 ~ ~ )~. O ~ T O M Y ,
K O r A a B H ~ U I H MU~XMMMU~
3 AC
eMK M
eH CO
T ~ ~ ~ P ~ HH, Y X H O B p a -
4 a T b rAa3aMM, w o 6 a 1 0 6 ' b e ~ M ~ ~IIOAOXMTeAbHOe
T b M OTPMLJa-
TeAbHOe H a q u a , w 0 6 b 1 o 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~
AYXOBHOCTb
b B IIPKOM CBeTe,
B b l X O f l y W M3 U C X O ~ H OIIOAOCTM
~~ AYXOBHOCTM 3a ~ e m 6 p o s b e ~ .
BTOTI I P K M ~ CBeT llOKa3bIBaeT TO'IHOe MeCTOHaXO)I(AeHHe 3~0fi
IIOAOCTU M er0 H e CAeAyeT CMeUIUBaTb CO CBeTXIIJMMCX BH-H-
HUh4 X a P O M , K O T O P ~ I IIOAHUMaeTCEl
~~ K rOA0Be B IIpOIJeCCe ABM-
XeHMX no MMKPOKOCMH'IeCKOMY K p y r y , K a K Mbl lOBOPUAM BbI-
rue.
B A ~ O C C K OGore
~ ~ OTpMLJaTeAbHaH X U 3 H e H H O C T b CUMBOAM3M-
PyeTCII B BUAe A p a K O H a , II0AOXMTeAbHa.H X H 3 H e H H O C T b B BMAe
TUlQa, a UX CAMIIHHe IIPHBOAMT K IlPOIIBAeHMK) I l e p B O H a q U b H O r O
Ayxa B ero CMIIHMM.
ECAM I I e p ~ ~ ~ a ~ a r \ b UAM
~ b l f Bi P O X A ~ H H ~ AYX
I ~ ~ IIPOIIBMIIeTCX
T a K U M O ~ P ~ ~ O TO
M ,CAeAyeT H a I l p a B M T b €TO B H H X H H ~ a~ a ~ b
??ZX?ib, ' l ~ 0 6 b 1 T a M 3 U e p X a T b . TOT LJeHT'p M M e a BHeUIHMe M
BHYTPeHHMe R ' I ~ ~ ~ K M :
BHeUIHIIX R B M e T C X MCTO'IHMKOM IIOAOXM-
TeAbHOrO M OTPMLJaTeAbHOrO H a ' I U a , ~ e c ~ o 1 1 p e 6 b l ~ aX~Mu3 -e ~
' H e H H O l O AbIXaHMII, HCTO'IHHKOM AbIXaHHII 3apOAblIJla, a TaKXe
MeXaHM3Ma BAOXa M BblAOXa BHYTP~HHRX ~ ' I e f i ~
-a 3 T O MeC'l'O,
rAe CO3AaeTCX 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ b3aPOAbIIII,
l i i U r A e 3a&2pXMBaeTCX
X M 3 H e H H O e AblXaHMe; O H a XBMeTCX 0 6 u ~ e ~ XCHOCTM,
b ~ ) IIOKOX
IIOA n y n K O M , C 0 3 A a B a R B H e 3 m H O e IIpOXBAeHMe M C T M H H O ~ ~
XCHOC-
TM M ~ ~ ~ M X T ~ X H O C T M .
~ P 3HT O M P e H M K A O A X e H COCPeAOTOYMTbCA H a IIOAOCTM
H W H e r O a a ~ mRMX
b A0 TeX IIOp, IIOKa XM3HeHHOCTb H e HaYHeT
~ ~ 6 p ~ p o Tna Ma , ~IIOAHMMaXCb
b IIOTOM A0 CepArJa ( ~ e c ~ o n p e 6 b r
B W M e O ~ H X )M O n Y C K M C b A0 HM3a XMBOTP ( ~ e c ~ o n p e 6 b l ~
B O A ~ I ) IIO IIPOHM3bIBaIOUJeMy Kilsiahy. (Bce 3 T 0 ITPOMCXOAMT A0
T e X I I O p , I I O K a X M 3 H e H H O C T b BAPYr H e IIpOCKOAb3HeT B 3TY no-
A O C T ~). TO H a 3 b I B X T C X " B O ~ B P ~ U J ~ H M 3~aMp O A b l U I a Ps\X A W b -
~ e k u l e r oC O ~ U ~ W M E I "M, IIBASieTCX P e 3 y A b T a T O M CBII3H CePALJa C
HM3OM X M B O T P (C ~ 0 ~ 0 6AYX, ) . K O T O P ~ I ~~ L I A3'a&ep>KaH T a M ,
6 y ~ OKyTblBaTbCX
e ~ XM3HeHHOCTbH) A0 T e X n O p , n O K a OHM H e CO-
eAMHIITCX B OAHO LJeAOe, H a 3 b I B a e M O e 6 e C X M e p T ~ b l M 3apOAbI-
U e M , B COCTOXHMM W B ~ P L I I ~ H H XCHOCTM
O~ M ~~~MXT~XHOCTM
~ O C AOCTMXeHMEI
A ~ 3 T O r 0 COCTOXHVIX, H ~ O ~ X O A M MIIpaKTM-
O
KOBaTb 6 e c c ~ e p ~ A~MoXeW M e Y e p 3 n X ~ o l r ~ b 1Kka Z U ( H ~ Y M H ~ -
IOUJMkcX O T IIXTOK) M 'lepe3 K W U TYAOBMLIJa ( M A Y L L J M ~OT ~ HM3a
X M m T a M A 0 ~ o 3 r a- CM. PMC. 19) ,$A8 TOrO, Y T Q ~ AOCTMVb ~ I
IIOBOpOTa Ko~eca~ ~ K O H Ko~eco
& 3 a ~ 0 e~4ae H a 3 b l B W T MMK-
POKOCMMYeCKMM K P y r O M . TO - CBO~OAH;LIIJJMPKYAIIIJMI1 X M 3 -
H e H H o r o A ~ I X ~ H M nepea
nepsa~kK ~ H U M Awee B H M ~ e p e BTO-
X 3
p0k KWah ,&M BOCCTWOBAeHMX r ~ y 6 o ~ o B
r PoO X A e H H O r O AbIXa-
HMEI, K O T O P O e B b I M e T a e T BCe HaCAOeHMX, BO3HMKUIMe IIOCAe P O X -
AeHMX, T a K YTO IIePBOHaYahbHaR, B P O X A e H H M XM3HeHHOCTb
He6a) c M o x e T n p e o 6 p a w ~ a ~ b Bc ax p q m m e M -
(zju n p o m A o r o
MOW. TO 0 3 ~ a Y a e T , YTO n o c A e c y 6 ~ m a -
Y ~ X H H ~03ap~101gyrn
,
IJMH B O C ~ ~ M ~ CMAbI B O ( Z~ ~ ~ IU H ~
) , XM3HeHHOCTM
~ ~ (2524) M Ay-
XOBHOCTM ( U 4 3 ~ b ) OHM C O ~ H P W T C A B M 0 3 1 y , rAe I'IpM IIOCTORH-
H O M B O ~ A ~ ~ ~ C T BB M
POU ~ K A ~ H H XM3HeHHOCTM
O~ M A y X a OHM CO
B p e M e H e M 0 6 p a 3 y H ) ~ 3AUKCMP. TOT JAMKCUP, K O T O P ~ IH~ e~ CAe-'
A y e T C M e U M B a T b C 3OAOTbIM 3AMKCMPOM, 3 a T e M W 3 A X T M B b I p a -
U J M B ~ ~c eTM e H a 6 e c c ~ e p ~ uB xn o A o c T u HMxu-iero a a n bmnx, rAe
OHM M 3 A y Y W T C U H M e , OCBeUJaR CepArJe. C B ~ CBMAeTeAbCTByeT
T
0 @OPMMPOBWMM
C e M H ~~CCM~PTM
B X
COCTOHHMM ~ O A H O ~
XC-
HOCTM M ~ ~ ~ M X T ~ X H O C K
TOMr A
, a A b I X W M e KalKeTCX IIOAHOCTblO
IIpeKpaTMBLLIMMCX, a IIyAbC KWKeTCII I I e p e C T a B U M M ~ U T ~ C X .
 C o n e p u r e ~ c ~ n o n a t - i u e 6 e c c ~ e p ~ uH
1e1 n p e A n o n a r a e T H M Y ~ T O ,
KQOMe A y X a U XU3HeHHOCTI.I. AYXB e A e T K peWM3aLJMM CYLLJHOCT-
~ 0 f ~i . P M ~ O A Oa ~X~M,3 H e H H O C T b - K B N H O ~~
XM3HM.
K o r ~ aB O C ~ p O M 3 B O A I I r r J MCMAa (zj3ulc) n o A H a M n O A H M M X T -
C5l AAII COeAMHeHMII C C Y ~ L J H O C T H OI~ I ~ M ~ O A O
T O~ F~A,a B 0 3 H M K X T
6 e ~ b 1 f iCBeT XM3HeHHOCTM (YU) : OH n o ~ o 6 eAYHHOMY
~ CBeTy, a
e T 0 n 0 A H O T a P m H a nOAOBMHe O T LJeAOTO. K o r ~ aX M 3 H e H H O C T b
nOAHa M OnyCKXTCR, Y T O ~ ~ I
COeAMHMTbCR C B ~ ~ H OXGM 3 H b K ) ,
BO3HMKXT sommk CBeT; OH K P ~ C H O B ~ T O - X e A ~ b l kM, e F 0 nOAHO-
Ta p m H a ~pyrofin o r z o n u H e .
C O ~ A M HT~o rH 0 M H APYTOTO
~ C B e T P W 3 A X T T O IJeAOe, KOTO-
p O e M IIBAIIeTCII C e M e H e M ~ ~ C C M ~ P T M I I .
A ~ K a K CeMII ~ ~ C C M ~ P T MB03BPaLIJXTCII
~ O C TOrO, II K CBOeMy
MCTOYHMKY B H U X H ~'4;ICTM
~ ~ XMBOTO, OCTPO C $ O K Y C M ~ ~ B ; L H H O ~
H a HeM BHMMmMe 6 y ~ CO
e ~B p e M e H e M BbI3bIBaTb nOIIBAeHMe 3 0 -
e T e , CMIIIOUJeM M e X A Y ~ P O B X M M .
AOTOFO C B e T a B ~ ~ A OC BM TO
IIBtUeTCII 3 a p 0 A b I W e M 6ecc~ep~u11, C 0 3 A m X M b I M O T COeAMHe-
HMII B e A c l H o e y e h o e i ~ I( ~ u H ) X, M ~ H ~ H -
~ o c n p o ~ 3 ~ 0 ~ 1 1 yCeMi A
HOCTM (zju) M Ayxa ( w J H ~ ) .
~ T M
A B a C B e T a n o ~ o 6 ~ bMYXCKMM
1 M X e H C K M M 0pTat-ia.M B
LJBeTKe, COW3 KOTOPblX n O Q O X A X T IlAOA. npu BO3HHKHOBeHMM
3 T O F 0 nOAOXMTeAbHOT0 C B e T a , K O T O P ~ IIIBtUeTCII
~~ WeAMHeHMeM
ABYX CBeTOB, YYeHHK A O A X e H OCTat-iOBMTb O r O H b M CKOHLJeHTPM-
P O B a T b B TOAOBe X M 3 H e H H b I e AbIXat-iUII C e p A r J a , X e A y A K a , n e Y e -
HM, AeFKMX M H M X E I ~YaCTM
~ ~ X M B O T a AAII TOrO, '1~06b1 n p O M 3 B e C -
~M
TM M ~ K P O K O C M M ' ~ ~ C K A eMM ~e H~ T , K O T O P ~ I~
~ ~X ~M M M Y ~ C3 K ~e~o6-
XOAUMO c o 6 p a ~ b , Y T O ~ ~COBepIIIHTb
I + M H W ~ Hn p~OIp ~
b I B OT
MMPCKOTO COCTOIIHMII - K CBIITOMY. T ~ nKO K M A W T ~ ~ ~ M I I T ~ X
HYW IICHOCTb, Y T O ~ B03HMKaTb
~ I B ~~CYMCA~HH ~IX
BMAOMJMeHXW-
UJMXCR TeAeCHbIX O ~ O A O Y K ~ X .
K o r ~ a3 T 0 COCTOIIHMe AOCTMTHYTO, YYeHMK AOlOKeH COeAM-
HMTb IlPMPOAHYK) CYUJHOCTb M X M 3 H b &AH TOTO, Y T O ~ IIOMOYb
~ I
~ y x y0 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~6 be c c ~ e p ~ ~ b n1a fo &i . .l/i h ~ m TbO A ~ K Onoche TO-
F 0 , K a K Y'IeHHK YBHAMT " A ~ T I I L L J H ~C ~ e 6 Ca H e X M H K M M IIwaIO-
LIJMe L J B ~ T ~ I "AYX
, ~ en ~A o A a , Y T O ~ AOCTMYb
~ b 1 f i M3 ~ I 6ecc~ep~1.111.
T e n e p b A ~ A ~ I C H"OB O ~ ~ ~ A MM~ T
I C~A ~0" H P b I X K e B B e ~ ~ ~ y r o
~ ~ C T O U
T 3~ T, a MbICAb O T K p O e T H e 6 e c ~ b 1 i i3 a T B O p H a M a K y I I I K e
rOAOBb1, AyX C M O X C T IIOKMHyTb 'ieAOBt?leCKOe TeAO, s r ~ o 6 b 1IIOHB-
AXTbCR B n p 0 C T P ; H C T B e B 6 e c q u c ~ e t l ~ b lTeAaX.
x
B n p M B 0 A M M O M T e K C T e TCPMMkl ' ' B P o ~ ~ I ~ H ~
0 3IH ~
a 1~1 a"e T
n O A O X M T e A b H y k 0 MAM AYXOBI(YH3 IlPMPOAY, CYUJeCTBOBaDUIYK) A 0
pOX<AeHMX, a " n p ~ 0 6 p e ~ e ~ ~ b 0l 3ki l"a t 4 a e T ee OT~MlJaTeAbkiyIO
MAM MCIIOl3'IeHHyIO YaCTb, KOTOI3;UI C.AeAyeT 0 6 b 1 r t i o ~ y n y T M M a -
T ~ ~ M U ~ >KM3HM
H O ~ n 0 C A e P O X A e t l M H . n e p ~ HBAHeTCH
a ~ IWab-
H O M
~ ~ O C T O I I H H O ~B, TO B p e M H KaK nOCAeAHRH - l4~~~30pt10f
M npexo~Xlye6. H H X H Ma ~a ~~ bI?LIllCb T a K X e Ha3bIBaeTCH 110AOC-
T b I O HAM O K e W O M XM3HeHHOCTM. C O ~ A X HAO p ~ y p yA B ~ A O H Y
(C3py ~ O H By~po++y),
Y - aDTOpMTeTy B O ~ A X T M TaHTpMVeC-

K O G
~ o ~ M ,H e K O T O P b I e C O B p e M e H H b I e naHAMTb1 CKAOHHbI H e n p a -
BMAbHO O l I P e A e A X T b M e C T O H a X O X A e H M e 3HepreTM'4eCKMX YeHT-
~ n o ~ o c ~ eBf Ti e A e . 1 x o T e n
p o MAW 6 a 1 KaTerOpM'IeCKM n p e A o c T e -
O T~nA
peYb ' I M T ~ T o~~ ~
0 ~6 I ~Xnl)OM3BOAbHbIX Y M O ~ ~ K A I O ' I ~ H H
ECAH OHM AOCTMCHYT P e a A b H b I X YCneXOB B C B O ~ Gn p a K T M K e
A ~ ~ C C KG O
o ~~M~,T O OHM aDTOMaTMYeCKH ~ I o ~ M ~rAe
T , H a CaMOM
A e A e P X n O A O X e H b l B T e A e 3TM 3 H e p R T M ' I e C K M e LJeHTPbI, KOCAa
1 4 e p e 3 HMX IIPOXOAXT B H ~ T ~ ~ HOH
r OM
H b~ n p M CBOeM ABMX<eHMM
no O~P ~ M T H
MHK~OKOCMM'I~CKO ~ .e n p a n M ~ b TO'IHO
~ o YKZbIBaTb
M e C T a H a T e A e , T a K K a K AAX K W A O C O ' I e A O B e K a OHM H e M H O r O
P ~ ~ H X T C XC
. m y M ~ I C A06
~ TOM HUO OT~~OCMT ~,
IIOTOMY YTO
3 T 0 M e L U X T n P O X O X A e H M I O B H y T P e H H e r O O r H X H XM3HeHHOCTH.
n o ~ o 6 ~3 a0n W H b I M aDTOpaM, MCnOAb3YIOIIJMM y M ~ p b 1M
~ Y K B ~a A
I $ m M ~ a A M 0 6 0 3 ~ a q e ~r A
~ axn B K H M r e M P a 3 H b I X 3~e-
M e H T O B PMCYHKOB, MX K M T ~ G C K MK~O M e r M IlPMMeHIIIOT AeCIITb
" H e 6 e c ~ b 1 x~ H ~ K O B " (w,
U , 6un, &H, y, 14324, Z ~ H cum,
, m n b ,
2 s ) A
%
x, 0 6 0 3 ~ a ' i e ~ nOCAeAOBaTeAbk4OCTM
~x pa3AeAOB CBOMX
KHMr M A B e H W r J a T b " ~ ~ M H ~6I eX~ ~ e 6(243~1,
" YOY, U M b , MUO,
Y 3 H b , Cbt. Y , 63c, W 3 l t b , H), WY, =I.?), ' I T O ~ ~OTMeTMTb
I Pa3AMYHbIe
' I X T M CBOMX M M I O C T P ~ Y M ~ ~ . H a n p ~ ~ e 12
p , 'IaCTeG MMKPOKOC-
MMYeCKOCO K p y r a 0 6 0 3 ~ a r a k o ~1 c2 -~I O K M T ~ ~ C K H M M e p o r ~ M + a -
MM, T O e C T b YKa3aHHbIMM B b I W e 12 ~ ~ M H ~ IBM
~ TMB X M M
B OPMrM-
HaAbHbIX PMCyHKaX, KOTOPbIe BOCIIp0M3BO@TCII B 3 ~ 0 6KHHCe
I I e p B b I M M ABeHa,t$lJaTbIO G ~ K B ~ M MaA$aBMTa (OT A A 0 L) ,$AX
y~o6c~n
3 aan W H b l X Y M T ~ T ~ AH ~a p~ x. ~ yC 12-ro 3 e M H b l M M B ~ T -
BXMM MCnOAb3yeTCX T a m e AeCRTb " H e 6 e c ~ b l x~ H ~ K O B "' ,I T O ~ ~ I
0 6 p w o n a ~ h~ J M K A , 0 6 0 3 ~ a ~ 1 m 1 g ~q ai ci h l , AHM, M C C R ~ L IM roAb1 B
KMT~~~CKM
K;u\CllAapRX.
X OIIMT a K X C MCllOAb3YH)TCR B MeAMlJMHe,
aCTIX)tI(>MMM, aCTI)OAOrMM, C $ M ~ M O T H O M MXMPOMaHTMM
M, M T. A.
Bee c K O ~ K MAalOTcR M OHM ~ 0 6 a B ~ e H AAR
M H O ~ b 1 TOrV, ' 1 ~ 0 6 b l
CAeAaTb 6once RCllhlMM CTal>MIIllhl(3 TCKCTbI.
 MOMHaCTXiHMKM ARO m a ~ M
b AR0 K ~ HKOrAa-TO
CKa3aAU: " ~ P u c T ~ I I ; L I ~K COBePUleHCTBOBaHMW (CYUJ-
HOCTIIO~ n p u p o A b 1 M new~oii) > I < M ~ H M ,I ~ U O ctiarana
pa3BMTb npMpoAy". npe%C! Y e M CMAeTb, I l O l p y X a J i C b B
M e A M T a y M m , O Y e H b Ba>t<HO I l p e K p a T M T b RCRKMe MbICAM,
O C B O ~ O A U TO~A e X A y M O C A ~ ~ Un oTR~c , ~ X C A ~ UTeAO
T ~
M ~ 3 6 e r a r ~1o60ii
b c ~ o 6 o ~ t r o~i M
i PIC~AR~H I B M .1 7 0 ~ -
K ~L O
A e CMAeHMII TeAO AOAXHO 6 b l T b T a K M M Xe (6ec~cync-r-
B ~ H H ~ I M K) a K KOAOAa, a C e P A g e (YM) HeABMX<HMhlM,
K a K IIoTJIxIUM~~IIeIIeA. r A a 3 a A O M H b I C M 0 7 p e T b BHM3 H a
KOHYMK HOCa; OHM H e AOAXHbI 6 b 1 ~ bflOl\HOCTbH) 3aKI)bI-
T ~ I ,Y T O ~ ~~ I3 6 e x a ~0 ~
b ~ 0 0 6 p a 3 ~M1 1
nYTaIOlLJb1, HO
B M e C T e C T e M OHM H e AOA>l<HbI 6 b l ~ UlMPOKO
b PXKPbITbI,
q ~ 0 6 b 1B o c n p e I 1 x T c T B o B a T b AyXy ~ A Y X C A X Tn~0 BHeLIIHMM
BeyaM. r A a 3 a A O A X H b l 6 b 1 ~ bH a n p X i A e H b l H a KOHYMK
HoCa, a B H M M W M e A O A X H O 6 b 1 ~ bCKOHLJeHTpMPOBaHO H a
VCTAHOBAEHME AVXA 6 ETO MCXOAHO~~
IIOAOCTM 41

TO'IKe M e X A y HMMM ( 0 O ~ A X T M I ~ ~ ~ ~ H o c M L J CO
~ I )B; p e -
M e H e M T;LM nORBMTCR C B e T X M 3 t I e H H O C T M .
31-0RBAXeTCR AY'ILUMM cnoc.060~O C B O ~ U X A C H W ~O T
BCeX ~ b l c a e h , K O r A a I l p M L 7 y n Z L U b K rIpbtrOTOBAeHMI0
:1AMKCMPd 6 e c c ~ e pMR.
1
K o r ~ aC e p A q e ( Y M ) YCl'atlOBAeHO, 'ICAOBeK A O A X e l i
C A e p X M B a T b X e A 2 H M e CMOTPCTb, KOHTPOAMPOBaTb Xe-
A a H M e C A y l I l a T b , OH A O A X C H KaCaTbCR ~ e 6 aKOH'IMKOM
R 3 b l K a M p e r y A M P B a T b AbIXaHMe 'Iepe3 HO3ApM. ECAM
A b r x a t r M e H e O T p e r y n t I p o u a t t o , TO Y e A o s e K 6 y ~ c-rpa-
e ~
A a T b M3-3a 32XTpYAHellHCli'O PIAM ~ P C I H Y X A e H H O r OAbIXa-
HUH. K o r ~ aAbIXaHMe X O p O W O Ha,A;uKetlO, 'IeAOBeK 3 a 6 b 1 -
BXT sce o T e A e n s e p A r J e ( y ~ e ) .
O c ~ o 6 0 x ~ e t 1 t i a 1 i iT a K M M 0 6 p a 0 ~ O T 'JyBCTB M
C T ~ ~ C T'IeAOBeK
C ~ 6 y ~ Kea 3~a T b C R ~ ~ L C T ~ C T H ~ ~ M .
I2eoa.n k i o r a A o l z x t i a 6 b r ~ bnomeyewa kiapyxy M T e c -
t i 0 I I P M M b I K a T b K n p a B 0 h . >TO O 3 H a ' I Z T , ' I T 0 IIOAOXM-
i
TCAbHLV OXIZX b l B a e T O T p M I J a T e A b H O e . bOAblIIOi4 IlaAeLJ
A ? B O ~ ~p y K l 4 A O A X e t l KaCaTbCR ee CpeAFit'CO IIaAbLJa, a
rlpanan pyKa ,lonxtia 6 b r ~ bn o b r e y e H a noA ~ e (k~ a b , o -
t i b w B B ~ ~ XM) ee 6 o n b n 1 0 6 nanerj AOAXeH 6blTb COrHyT
Hab, A r ~ ' ~ H b 1A0 ~ B O 3~ T; 0 0 3 H a ' I a e T , T r O O T p U I J d r e A b H O e
O X B a T b l B a e T I l 0 A O i l ~ l l T e A b ~ I O3~ ~
. 0
T O , cll*OA p e E t I M e MMe-
A M B BMAY, C O C T ~ B A R R g e n b ~3 B Q C ~ M M: w e p r e T M r e c K u x
K ~ H ~ A O ~ . A;IOCCK~I~
T C K C T ~ Ir A a c n T : " C o e ~ ~ t 1 qe e T
~a~
1- e
K L ) I I ~ ' I H O <7.eii 3-~MLIKX-I q e T b l p e
~ C X w r ~ o p a , TO no-
3BOARCT y,$el)>KttBaTb LJClirp".

Bonpoc: R 'IM1.a u\arcr KMe KIIMPCi, M BCe t)tiM 1 l p c ' A ~ ) C l c ' ~ r a t o 0T 7

TOTO, 1 1 ~ 0 6 b 1C U 3 A a $ a T b CUeT B M L X O A H O ~IIOAL)CTM MAM
1JeH l p t . H ~ M ~ T v ~ M ~ AYXOBHVCTM
A ~ H o ~ ~ ($Zbl ZjXO B LJeHT-
MO'ira, 3 a M ~ X ~ ~ ~ O B W
B H
Md)' l a e IIPdYTMKM, H O R H e
 IIOHXA, IIO'ieMy. Bce AaOCCKMe UIKOAbI P a C C M a T p M B W T
3 T 0 K a K LJeAb pa3BMTMH ( C ~ ~ ~ J H O C T H On p
~M~ p) O A b 1 , H e
IIpHBOAX HMKaKHX n o ~ p o 6 ~ o c ~ eHe
ii. MOrAM 6a1 Bbl
O ~ % X C H H T ~ rAe
, IIpaKTHYeCKM I I p o H B h R e T U MCTMHHSI
CYrrJHOCTb 1
OTB~T:
~ O A O C Tv ~b l 2jSW B LJeHTPe M 0 3 r a pa3BeTBllrreTCA H a A B a
M e H b m u x Kanana cAeoa M cnpana OT Hee; ~ e ~ aCUMBO-
~ii
A M ~ M P ~ T~aiTi vu B C A M K MI~l p e ~ e a~ ,npaoa~ii -
-
V H AUH ( H e ~ a T e p H a A b H y I 0A ~ X O B H O C T ~ )OHM
. CBH3aHbI
C TOYKaMM ntRHb ZY ( ~ e 6 e c ~ a AaO A U H ~ ) , V e H T p O M Hap,
H H M H , M WH 2 j m H b ( ~ ~ I O U J M G POAHUK R1) - LJeHTpa-
MM B n o A o m B a x H o r , n o c A e npoxoxAeawx qepes cepage
B rpyaw.
Aa Hb LJ 3 W H I'OBOPMT: "CY~HOCTH
I I P~MSPIO A a Ae-
X M T B CepAIJe M nPOXBA5IeTCH Y e p e 3 r A a 3 a , X M 3 H b A e X M T
B H W H ~YaCTM
~ X M B O T a M nPOXBA5IeTCII Y e p e 3 IlOAOBbIe
0praHb1".
C Y ~ H O C T H W I~I P H P O A a - 3 T 0 AYXOBHSI X H 3 H e H -
H O C T ~( u 3 n b YU) B C e p A q e , KOTOPU npoxBllrreTm ye-
pe3 A B a K a H U a , ( M A ~ ~ ~ J MHX3 ) L J e H T p a M 0 3 r a ~ O ~ T O M Y
K O r A a B3ThRA CK0HLJeHTpMpoBa.H H a TO'IKe M e X A y r A a 3 a -
MM, 6 y ~ BHAeH
e ~ CBeT o c ~ o n ~ o CyrrJHOCTM
ii H nOCAe
A O A ~ OTpeHMpOBKM
~ OH COeAMHMTCX C B ~ Y H O
XM~ 3HbI0,
Y T O ~ o~ 6I p a 3 o ~ a ~eAMHOe
b LJeAoe. TO COeAHHeHMe H a -
3blBaeTCA " B M A ~ H M ~ ~
M~ C T O T ~ IK"O, T O P S I BOBCe H e e C T b
OTCYTCTBMe BCerO, M TOT, K T 0 e4e H e ~ P O ~ ~ A M A &M
CX
3 T O r O C O e A H H e H M , H e AOCTMrHeT HMYerO B 3 ~ 0 kn p a K -
TMKe.

Bonpoc: KorAa Me- 0 6 p a ~ MeAHTaYMM,

u MHe r O B O P U H , Y T O ~ ~ I
X OIIyCTOKIMA M O e CepArJe ( O ~ H T ~0rH.H)
A ~ O T BCeX MbIC-
Act?, H a C T p O U C B O ~y M H a Pa3BWTMe (CYIIJHOCTHO~)
I l p M p O A b I M OTKPbIA CBOM I'Aa3a ,&M C O 3 e p L J a H w i IIyCTO-
TbI B COOTBCTCTBMM C YCTWOBAeHHbIM IIPaBMAOM. He
M o m e T e AM ~ b Ol ~ ' ~ R C H MMT ~H B
~ce TO 6 o ~ e en o ~ p 0 6 -
HO ?

IIYCT~IM) IIpenRTCTByeT IIpORBAeHMW CBeTa XM3HeH-

HOCTM.
~ O CAe p A l J e M Fi Hap, nOAOBblMM O P T a H a M M MMeeTCX
IIyCTOe IIpOCTpaHCTBO, rAe AyXOBHm XM3HeHHOCTb
YU)
(~(3Hb npoXBMeT ce6x, Kor~a
C O ~ A ~ BIIOAOCT~.
~ H
AyX M XM3HeHHOCTb BO3BPaLIJWTCX K 3~06
nOAOCTM, Ay-
XOBHa.8 X M 3 H e H H O C T b IIOAHMMXTCX, 9 ~ 0 6 b 10 6 p a 3 0 n a ~ b
K p y r CBeTa, K O T O P ~ IH~e 6 y ~ nyCTbIM.
e ~ ~ Y C T O T KOTO-
~,
P a J l H e H3A'J'laI2T, XBAXeTCX O T H O C M T ~ A ~ H OHO
~ , IlYCTOTa
MsaJ'l'm yarr X B M e T c X a 6 c o a m ~ ~ o iA~COAIOTH~A
i. nyc-
TOTa H e 6 y ~ IeI Y~C T O ~ ,n o ~ o 6 ~
OToH O C M T ~ A ~ H IIyCTO-
O~
T e . ~ Y C T O T KOTOpaJr
~, H e X B M e T C X I I Y C T O ~ ,IIpeACTaBAH-
eT ~ 0 6 0 6~ y x o ~ ~ CBeT,
b r k K O T O ~ ~ IB ~ CBOW
, OqepeAb,
IIpeACTaBAXeT co606 AyX - X M 3 H e H H O C T b , BblnAeCKM-
naroyuecx ~3 m e a ~ o i inOAOCTM mxwz B
cpeAHero a a ~ b
COAHeqHOM CIIAeTeHWM.
M06 HaCTaBHMK ~ H KO ~ rOBOpMA:
H " K o r ~ a30~01'0fi
M C X m M 3 M ( ~ A X M M M M )IIPMXOAHT B ABMXeHMM M A a e T
BCn bIlIlKM CBeTa, T O r A a 3TOT Y e p T 0 r IIyCTOTbI (cl06 ULU,
T. e.' cepAge, O ~ c ~ p a c ~ eM
O C . B O ~ O > I < A ~ H HOT f i~ ~ B C T B ) ,
O3apMTCX 6 e ~ b CBeTOM,
1 ~ 'IT0 O T K P O e T T~MHCTB~H
3aTBOp ( c X W M ~
Z ~ C Z ~ C ~HaAMqMe
) ~ , KOTOPOrO H e 0 3 H a ' I X T
Bonpoc: He CMOrAM 6 b 1 BbI O ~ ' ~ R C H HBTb l~p a X e H M e : "ECAM Yelzo-
B e K AOCTMraeT H C X O A H O ~lTOAOCTM AYXOBHOCTM (Zj.3~2WO
B L J e H T p e MO3l'a, 3 a M ~ X ~ P O B ~ ~ TO
M ) OH
, HaXOAMT MC-
TOVHMK ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ TAbIXWMX
H O ~ O ?
OTB~T:
M ~ p x ~OeT K, p b I B W I J J M e MCXOAHyH, nOAOCTb AyXa, BCTpe-
V W T C X O V e H b PeAKO. OH^ HaXOAMTWI nOA H ~ ~ O( BM
ep-
XyJ.IIKa ~ O A O B ~ I ) Hap,
, , H a 3anap,
s e ~ ~ e( HkH ~XMBOTP)
OT COAHLJa ( A e ~ b l kr A a 3 ) M H a BOCTOK OT AyHbI ( n p a J 3 b l f i
r ~ a 3 ) .n03Z44M TaMHCTBeHHOrO 3 a T B O p a (CMIEHZ, Z y a H b )
M I I e p e A A ~ X O B H OA~O A M H O ~(ZY ~ 3 H b )HaXOAMTCX MC-
T M H H M n p M p O A a ( ~ 3 H bCUH), K O T O P M RBAXeTCX MC-
TOIIHMKOM MCTMHHOrO AbIXaHMX ( ~ 3 H b CU). XOTX 3 T 0
MCTMHHOe A b l X a H H e CBX3aHO C O ~ ~ I V H ~nIpM~ o6pe~e~
A b r x a H M e M , n o c A e A H e e , BXOAR q e p e a POT M HOJAPM,
H~IM
H e M O X e T AOCTHraTb M C X O A H O ~ IIOAOCTM AYXOBHOCTM,
q ~ 0 6 b 1B e p H y T b C X K MCTOYHMKY.
~ ~ C C M ~ ~AbIXaHMe,
T H O ~ K O T O p O e MAeT OT BHYTpeH-
H e r 0 ( X U ~ H ~ H HVeTBepMYHOrO
O~O) A b 1 ~ a H ~ X 4a, H e Ve-
p e 3 P O T M HOC, M O X e T IIOTOM BePHYTbCR K MCTOVHMKY.
B BaIIIMX IIOHCKaX 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ AobrI Xoa H M BbI AOAXHbl
peryAwponaTb cy y e c ~ n y m r y e e ,O ~ ~ I V H On ~p, ~ o 6 p e ~ e ~
H o e AbIXaHMe AAX TOrO, ~ ~ 0 6 bHla f i ~ Mer0 MCTOIIHMK.
T H O ~ C I I p R T w O B w c x o ~ ~ o no-
>TO ~ ~ C C M ~ ~AbIXaHMe fi
AOCTM AyXa. OHOM X r K O e - H e 6 y & ePaCCeMBaTbCX,
~ eC-

4
n 0 ~ ~ 0 .Yel'BePUYHOe
2 A b l X W e W C T O U T U 3 BAOXOB U BblAOXOB C WOTBeTCTBYFOIlJU-
MU nOA'beMaMM M CnriqaMU XU3HeHHOCT% H a MUKPOKOCMUYCCKOM K P F e .
VCTAHOBAEHME AVXA B ErO MCXOAHO~HOAOCTM 45

Bonpoc: H e MOrAM 6 b 1 BbI AaTb M H e TOqHOe n o A o X e H M e MCXOA-

Puc. 3
4 r ~ a s m e TOYKU:
A - m o , C - BepxywKa, D - a*,
J - nePeA
1 - ~axaisyrrpamemn ( 3M )
2 - KWU ~ e i i m m( m n e M )
3 - cepwe
4 - nab
5 -A p~oIJe~libI6 KOTeA
CM. T a m puc. 5
K O H + ~ L J M GHa3B;M " ~ 0 6 ~ 0 ~ e ~ e A b HCbOl B
M~ P U ~ ~ H C T B O M "
( m n ~ )K
. H H n~ e~p e ~ He ~~~ ~ I B Z
TOT H p e ~ e (y
~o~
W U ), 6 y n ~ a- ~ C I I ~ ~ A ~ A ~ aH ~ I
C O B ~ ~ I I I ~ H H (~ ~I M
AaOCbI - 3AHKCHpoM 6 e c c ~ e p ~MmU AYXOBHblM CBe-
TOM; BCe 3 T H OnpeAeAeHHff y K a 3 b I B W T H a BpOlKAeHHyKl
EAHHCTB~HHOMCTWHH~IO
~ H ~ H ~ H H O CTOT,
T ~ .K T 0 3 H a e T
BAHKCHP
3Ty IIOAOCTb, M O X e T IlpUl'OTOBHTb 6ecc~ep-
T m .
rc
n 0 3 T O M y cKa3aHo: Koraa E ~ w o eA O C T M r H p o , BCe
n p o 6 ~ e ~ b .
p a13 p e r u e ~ b l "
T ~ K Ho6pa30~
M B npoyecce TpeHHPOBKM 06a rAa3a
AOAXHbI 6 b 1 ~ bHaIIpaBAeHbl BHYTPb, K IJeHTPY 3a MeX-
6 p o ~ b e ~ , Toro, q ~ o 6 b y
r A e p m n B a T b TO EAHHoe, KO-
~ e o 6 x o ~ Ane~p Xoa T b B H C X O A H O ~IIOAOCTM
T o p e ~ AyXa
6e3 H a n p x x i e H m , HO H 6e3 p a c c ~ a 6 ~ e ~ ~
(1.43~2 tylo)
TO Ha3bIBaeTCff Y A e P X a H H e M A y X a B eI'0 H C X O A H O ~no-
~
AOCTM. T a K U IIOAOCTb H B l u r e T U KOPHeM, H 3 KOTOPOrO
n p o H 3 p X T a e T ( B ~ V H ~X)U M B , H HaX0AHTbC.A TaM, r A e
IZPOHCXOAHT C O B e p I D e H C T B O B ~ U ec ~ ~ ~ J H O C T HnO
pU~~
p0-
abz.
M0fi H X T a B H H K h 0 X 3 H b CKa3aA: "ECAM HCXOAHU
nOAOCTb A y X a H e YCTaHOBAeHa, TOl'Aa HCTMHHOe AblXa-
H H e H e C M O X e T IIOA#2pXUBaTbCff IIOCTOffHHO, AyX H e
6 y ~ PIMeTbe ~ OCHOBbI AAH c ~ ~ A H M ~ L J M H~ ,~ v ( H M H ' ~ ~ c K H
3 A e M e H T H e 6 y ~ IIOAHbIM,
e ~ H 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 3AMKCMP
fi HeAb3X
6 y ~ ~e~ ~ YTO 3 T a nOAOCTb (3a M e X -
o H ~ B ~ c T V~ ~O"T. O M Y
6 p o ~ b e ~
RBlureTCff
) O C H O B O ~A~Y X O B H O ~C T ~ ~ M ~ HM
OC
IJeHTPOM BCeX ~eyefi,H e M M e I O y U H H C H a p y X H , HH
B H W H HH'leI'0, YTO M O X H O ~ U A O61. YAepXaTb nyTeM
B H H M W H R (TO eCTb 3a CYeT y ~ a ) HAM
, YBweTb 6e3~y~-
HO ( ~ ~ c u ) ~ H ; F T ~ A ~ H IlOTOMy
o), PTO 6 ~ BHHMaTeAb-
~ b
HbIM K 3TOMY - 3 H a q H T 6 b 1 n CBH3aHHbIM C B w H M b l M ,
a 6 b 1 m ~ ~ ~ A Y M H( ~ ~ C C O ~ H ~ T ~ A ~-
I M H 3H;LYMT
~ I M ) HA-
TM K O T H O C H T ~ A ~ HIIyCTOTe.
O~~ Torba ~ a K 0 f Xe
i THII Tpe-
HHPOBKM H W 0 ~ P O ~ ~ T9M
~ ,0 6 p~e ;1M H 3 0 B a T b TO? Hpa-
B H A ~ H ~ IMeTOA
G 3aKllIOYaeTCff B CAeAyIOyeM: H a 0 3a-
KpbITb 06a r A a 3 a , yCn0KOVlTb C e p A r J e (YM), T X '4~06b1
YCTAHOBAEHME AYXA B ErO M C X O M O ~I"lOAOCTI/I 47

MO>I<HO 6 b 1 ~ 06 b 1 YAep>l<aTb nOAOCTb A y X a (243b2 90)

A0
T e X n O p , n O K a H e nORBMTCR CBeT C ~ ~ ~ J H O C T H On &
pMp0-
Abl. TO M 6 y ~ nOATBeP>lQ,eHMeM
e ~ IlPaDMAbHOCTM M e -
TOAa.
Y ' ~ ~ H MAOiVKeH
K 3 a K P b I T b P O T M KaCaTbCR ~ e 6 II3bI-
a
KOM, ' 4 ~ 0 6 ~CAeAaTb
1 HenOABMmHbIMM AyX M X M 3 H e H -
HOCTb. ECAM KOHIJeHTPaIJMII BHMMaHMII n p a B U A b H 2 X , T a -
KMM x e 6 y ~ cepAge
e ~ Me>uyH ~ ~ O( rMo ~ o ~ wa )3 e ~ ~ e i i
( H M ~X H B O T ~ ) . ECAU AyX CTMCT, B~AMKM n p~ e ~ e l z(Taii
2 5 3 ~ )6 y ~ IIpaBMAbHO
e ~ OW3HaH. ECAM 6 y ~ AOCTUrHYTO
e ~
6 e 3 ~ b l c ~ TO
~ e 3, T 0 IIpMBeAeT W B p e M e H e M K COCTOR-
HWK) RCHOCTM M '4MCTOTbI. B I ~ O A H O &n y C T O T e (OTCYTCT-
BMM 'IyBCTBeHHbIX A ~ H H ~ I XM) B n p e + $ e h b ~ o f i TMUIMHe
B 0 3 H M K a e T 6 e ~ b 1 i iCBCT, ' I T O ~ L I OCBeTMTb n y C T O e C e p A g e
(c& ULU) M T O r A a ~ O A O T OM~e~X W U 3 M AaCT BCnblLUKM

hc. 4
M u a p o ~ o c ~ u r e c ~ u iKip y C n G
~ m a r \ b ~ynpaenmua u aaqamrr.
A, G , D, J - 4 rilaeHble
TOqKM M U K P O K O C M H ' ~ ~ C K O OP-
~
6um1.
A-B, A-C, A-E, A-F -
4 @a361 n0A'beMa ~OAOXUTeAb-
HOrO O W no K m U y y-BAC-
HUR.
G H , G I , G-K, G A - I
4 @a361 o n y c ~ w u a olpuga-
TeAbHOrO OI'HR IlO K m M y A&-
CTBHfl ( 3 a q a ~ b f l )
M - CepAI.JC, 0 - Ol'OHb (B
nola)
Bonpoc: Bce LUKOAbI PeKOMeHAYIOT 3 a K F b l T b P O T M II3bIKOM Ka-
CaTbCll ~ e 6 aH e ~ o ~ o p b Tl ea W e COBeTyIOT IIOAHMMaTb
R3bIK K ~ e 6 yH a BblAOXe M O n y C K a T b er0 H a BAOXe; OHM
Ha3bIBaK)T R3bIK KAIO'iOM. ~ P ~ D M A ~AM
H O TO?
OTB~T:
Bce 3 T 0 Y'iMT MMPRH nPaDMAbHO BeCTM ce611 n o - 3 e M H O M y
AAII TOrO,, ' 1 ~ 0 6 ~ 1 I I O ~ Y A M THX
~ l l O 3 A H e e CTpeMMTbCR K
, ~ ~ c c M ~ ~ T M 3I T
O 0, H e M M e e T HMYerO o6yero C UCKaHMeM
C ~ ~ ~ J H O C T npMpO+$bI
HO~ M ~ e ' i ~ oXM3HM.
k
BTU IIOA'beMbI M OIlyCKaHMII BO3AyXa CAyX<aT TOAbKO
psut BOCCTaHOBAeHWl ~ 0 ~ n p 0 ~ 3 ~ 0 f f r t L I J e CMAbI
k M A M yK-
penAeHMsl. ~ o s r a K, o r A a rer\oneK AeAaeTcx cTapalM. no-
TOMY YTO ~ O A ~ U I M H C T B~
Oh 3 ~ eI I kp e A W T C I I CTPXTRM M
CeKCJJa A b H b I M HXAZOKAeHMIIM, yKOpaYMBX5I T e M C'dMbIM
CPOK c ~ o e k>I<M3HM. O H M nPH'IMHXIOT T a K U M n 0 B e A e H M -
e M B p e A X<M3HC!HHOCTM. O T C I O A ~C A e A y e T 3 T 0 Y'ieHMe,
~ a n p a ~ ~ Hea ~c o ~x pow eeH M e ~ocnpons~offrtyeii CMA~I
( 2 4 3 ~ ~M
) Y K p e n A e H M e HM3a XMBOTP, LJeAbIO Y e r O HRAR-
eTCA C O X p a H e H M e nOAOX<MTeAbHOFO H a q a A a , BOCCTaHOB-
AeHHII CMA (TO e C T b O M O A O > K ~ H M ~ ) .
~ O C ~ M Y
M ,y y y M e 6 e c c ~ e p ~ AOAXHbI
~ r l HaYaTb C
I I P W T M K M M M e T O A a COXpa.HeHMII B O C ~ ~ O U ~ B O A R ICM-
LJ~~
A ~ nI y T e M y K p e n A e H m ~ u 3 Xa M B O T ~
Mok H X T ~ B H M K AIIO K ~ cH ~ a 3 a '~' ~: O A O C T He6ec-
~
H O r O BOAOeMa (??U!lcb ' t U ~ 1 0 3 )AeX<MT B ~ e 6 eM
. 3-3a TO-
rO, 'iTO O H a CBR3'aHa C M 0 3 r O M H a B e p X y , O H a llO3BOA5leT
XM3HeHHOCTM I I p O T e K a T b BHM3 M P X T e K a T b C I I . T~KMM
O ~ P ~ ~ OII3bIK
M , nOAHMMalOT, C03AaBasI YCAOBMII AAII TO-
ro, r ~ o 6 b r'iepeu BOAOCbI O ~ P ~ O B ~ A C
MOCT,
II n0 KOTOPO-
M y MCTMHH;ttI X H ~ H ~ H H O COTn y
~ C~K a A X b 6 b 1 Y e p e 3 no-
AOCTb CKWHb UH ( T ~ M I ~ C T B ~T H
p OHn ~
a S
B IK a H a A e 3 a ~ a -
T ~ Rn o s u M 1-le6ec~oroB O A O e M a B ~ e 6 e ) ,K I J e H T p Y
H M X H e T O 3 a H b ?WEHJl, rAe O H a C O X p a H R e T C R AAX U X M M M -
YeCKMX y e ~ e k " .
L / I T ~ K , eCAM KOHYMK R 3 b l K a K a C X T C X ~ e 6 a ,T o r A a
X<ll3HCHI+(>CTb 6 y ~ e ~
kIaKaIlAl4rtaTb BnlpeAM MCXOAF~O~~
IIOAOCTM A y X a ( ~ 3 3 Y
1 R O ) , 3 a M ~ > K ~ P O B ~K ~O T
MO,p a R ACT-
KO C T W O B I I T C H 0 6 5 ~ C03t?PIJaHMR,
~ ~ 0 ~ BC.erAa BMAMMblM
TA W W l d ( K c l T ~ a OHM 3aKpb1Tbl I4 nOBepHYTbI ~ a 3 Q );
13CerAa CAblLtIltMblM YUI ;IMM ( K O ~ A ~ nPllCAYU1MBahC)T-
OHM
c.71 K k l e ~ y ) ; B C e r A a OIlJYILJXh4bIM RBbIKOM, KOTO~~I&
!lO,\Aepil< lll3;lC'C C r O ll K KOTO l3OMY B C e r A a Y C l p e M A e H b1
hlblCAM. I l O 3 l O M y BCeC+$a CAeAyCT K O H L J e H T p M P O B a T b C R
H a :)?.oh I ~ C X O A F ~110,\0CTM
O~ A y X a , He3aBMCMMO O T T o r 0
XOAMT AM y 1 l ~ t l l 1 K ,C T O l l T A l l , CMAMT MAM O T K l l A b l B a e T C R
1rwW. B ~ p y rcepaqe a,
ul+r:tanHo cTaHonMTcn ~ M C T ~ I M
,$ylIl;l ~ O : l n b l l 1 1 ~ 1 1 ~ 0 I&T,O ~ Y > I ( A ; L
>KHM 3 H e H H O C T b I l e p e I I O A -
IIHTLCR I I ~ ~ C :~
{ p a f i ,a T ~ A O AeAaTbcx IcperlKmt. B
nToh 6 e c ~ p a G ~ t e fTil l l l l w I r e , c B 0 6 0 ~ ~ 0 f Oi T M ~ I C AM~ ~
liyUC1'B, Y ~ r e l l H K II0AFIc)CTbK) TlpOCHeTCR B c ~ o e ho c H u B -
klOf1 CyllJll<)Cl'14 AAH IIYCTOTbl, K O T V p a R H a C a h l O M A e A e H e
Hl3AHCTCX llyil'0l'Oh. K ~ l ' ~ \ ; l).rC)T
l 3TZlI1 A O C T I l r H Y T , Zr:r
> l < M ~ ~ H ~ H l I O C ']I?' l' ~
x + o ~ l b e ' r cA
~ ULIIJe, ero a b l a H M e yueizr.1.-
li11'1.c~ M ttro ~y xo1311oc.1.1~~ l . a l e Bl C ~ O ~ ~ ~ M A ~ O U J ~ ~ .
IC(>>I<MA~IIJIM
IKi1 hlIll K a t3t:a/\bHOrQ nOAOX<l4TeAbliO-
ro tI;LII'M;l K;Gl<t?TCH III~I~OTK}>~IL~~K)EJ~U T~MHCTB~HH
~ y ' i l i b ) .I
3Xl.13011 ( ( . I c ~ L H ~ l o : + ~ o ~ MC)&
y I-laCTaBI1MK 4110
' I .
1 c K ~ ~ 1 4 F l ~ ~ l 3 C l3 la ~
TBlO
l hp H e M M e e T @MI<CM-
}k)H;111kIO~O IIOAO>ICCIiMH. EPC) LlYTeM RUARCTCR L J e H T p ' a b -
~ b l hII1)OXOA (CM. ])MC. .5), 0 6 p m y e ~ b i f iK a H ' i U O M P-M,
K O T O ] > ~ CnR:3hln'XT
I~~ IJellT13 M 0 3 r a C C e p A I J e M , M n p O H 1 1 -
ab1n;lK)iljliM K;IHUC)M M-A, K O T O ~ ~ I I&I ~ O X O A M Tt i e y e s
Xyati 'I'MIIM A M X ~ A T Y
~ eIp&
~ o rL J ~ H T
C o~A H
~eIitwro
CIIA~T~~IMR".
E C A I ~K O E I ~ I ~ IH:WK
K a i i e rrpr1Xa.r K H e 6 e c t l o ~ ynoao-
Z h l y , >KM3llf2klklOCTb H e IIOTCYL3T 13 HMIICHMG i)a%b M X H b , M
 B p O X A C H H O C AbIXaHMC MCTOLLJMTCR. BTO ~ ~ C C M C ~ T H O
AblXaHMC COBCpIIleHHOrO qCAOBCKa ( ' ~ ~ 3 l ~
t b3 l t b ) .

Bonpoc: TOAbKO IIPMCTYIIMA K M3Y'ICHMIO A ~ O C C K OMCAMTagMM

~
M eqe He c n o c o 6 e ~ACAaTb pa3AM'IMC M e X A y MCTMHHbI-
MM M AOXHbIMM MCTOAaMM. He MOTAM 6 b 1 Bbl n p O C B e -
TMTb M e H I I B 3 T O M B O n p O C C ?

OTBCT:B B ~ I I I Cn~p a K T M K C K P ~ ~ H BC X H O ACAaTb pwAMqMt2

M C X A y n p a 5 M A b H b l M M AOXHbIM. I/~CTMHE~OC
b0 - 3T0
B p O X A C H H b l e AyX M XM3HCHHOCTb. AYXIIBIUICTCX ( c ~ L L J -
Puc. 5
A-ybl, I'AaBHU TOYKa C e ~ e p a( c M ~ ~ T - G
H b l e B p a T a - W M Cbl W O )
B - Wy, T O M e X ] r r O ' i H a R TOYKa
C - UMb, T O M e X ] r r O W m TOYKa
D - M O , r A a B H m TO'4Ka BOCTOK~
(~epe-
BO. orulye~ue)
E - Y3Wb, I t p O M e X y T O ' i H a R T O ' i K a
F - Cbt, t I p O M e m O Y H a R T W K a
G y, O C H O B H m T W K a mr& ( ~ 0 3 MU
- ~ .
83m)
H - 636, npOMeXCJTOYHaR T O ' i K a
I U U M b , t t p O M e ~ O Y H a RT O ' I K a
-

J - M, r A a B H m T O ' i K a 3 a n ~ a( M C T ~ A A .
o~HoBA~HM~)
K - luy. n p o M e m y r o r H a R T o Y K a
L - xazi, nponnemyrorHm w r K a

A
H O C T H O ~ ~ ) n p ~ p o h o k , a XM3HCHHOCTb - (BC'LHO~)
X W 3 H b I 0 , K O T O P m XBMleTCX B O C I I P O M ~ B O @ U J ~C~H~ A O ~ ~
T ~ K 0~6 pM
a 3 0 ~X M 3 H e H H O C T b 3 Z A O X e H a B BOCIIpOM3BO-
myeii cme.
na~p~ap x CKa3aA: "ECAM MCXOAHm IIOAOCTb hy-
I\IO
XOBHOCTM (3a M ~ X ~ F B ~ ~ RBNleTCH
M ) HeIIPePblBHbIM
O~'~~KTO M
KOHLJCHTPaLJMM, TO XM3HeHHZM CMAa ACT
C a M a Pa3BMBaTbCII, l l O P O w a H MCTMHHYlO XM3HeHHOCTb,
K0TOP;UI CBXXeTCX C O C H O B H O ~ X M 3 H b K ) B H H X H e M
8aHb mne, C03Az3Basl ~ O A O T O3AMKCMp
~ ( 2 5 3 ~ H ba a n b ) ".
n a T P M a p x OnaCaACX, YTO P e H M K M M O V T H e 3 H a T b
n p a o u ~ b ~ oMeTOAMKM
k IIpM npoXBAeHMM XM3HeHHOCTM
M n 0 3 T O M y M O V T n03BOAMTb ek Y ~ T MY e p e 3 ~ O A O B O ~ ~
KaHaA (RH 2 y a H b ) CO3AZlHMX IIOTOMCTBa. K o r ~ aBOC-
IlPOM3BO@IIJ;UI CMAa OIIYCTMAaCb H a IIOAllyTM B K W ; M C ,
Tor@, eCAM YYeHMK I I O A P M A IIPaBMAbHbIe yKa3aHMX OT
3 H W Y e r O HaCTaBHMKa, OH C M O X e T n O B e p H y T b ee 06-
p a T H 0 M MCIIOAb3OBaTb &AX IlPUrOTOBAeHMX 3OAOTOrO
3nuKcupa 6ecc~ep~wr.
Boo6rye M ~ Is ~ a e ~
TO, ~ o c n p o M 3 ~ o @ q a r rc M A a
CTpeMMTCX YTeYb IIpOYb. ~ O ~ T O M Y
eCAM
, I I O A O B O ~OprZUi
HaIIpIiFaeTCX M neHMC CTOMT BO B P e M C H a , TO OYeHb
B m H O BAbIXaTb M BbI&blXaTb, Y T O ~ ~
c oI 6 p a ~ baAXUMM-
Y ~ C K M3AeMeHT.
~
Mok 6 p a ~Yxao ryk cKa3u: " K o r ~ aBOCnpoM3BOA5I-
4;UI cMAa 6 ~ ~ aY T O ~ BbITeYb,
~ K 3TOMY, ~ I eCAM C M e p T -
3 ~zpo B OCHOBWMM
B ~ T B O P ( ~ 1 cbl n e ~ u c a )H e 3a-
K ~ ~ IH T
m a T u e M n a n b y a H a Hero, o H a n p o i i ~ e~~e p e s
H e r o , npeBpaTMTCX B IIOAOByIo XMAKOCTb M BblTeYeT H a -
PyXy. 3 ~ BaO C l I P O H 3 B O ~ L I J ; U ICUAa AeAaeTCX cnep~ok,
e U H O H a BbITeKaeT O ~ ~ I Y H ~MHPCKMM
I M n y T e M , HO O H a
npeo6pa3ye~c~
B XM3HeHHOCTb, -AM ee IIOBepHyTb Ha-
3a.4 M C Y ~ A M M M ~ ~HBa ~MHKPOKOCMMYeCKOM
T ~ Kpyre".
~ O ~ T O MYYeHMK,
Y BCTPeTMB y'lUTeAX, AOloKeH I I e p -
BbIM AeAOM CnPOCMTb er0 OTHOCMTeAbHO IIpaBUAbHOrO
M e T O A a M Y3HaTb Y H e r o , H e COCTOMT AM 3TOT MeTOA B
CO~HP~HMM
OKpyXWyero no3&yxa &w npeBpaqeHwr
€TO B ~ A X M M M Y ~ C K3AeMeHT.
M~
ECAM P M T e A b OTPMLJaeT 3 T 0 M rOBOPHT, YTO er0 Me-
TO& 3 ~ K A I O Y a e T MB BO3BP;LLYeHUM o 6 p a ~ ~IIOTOKa
o BOC-
I I p o M 3 ~ 0 b p y e kCHAbI &AX TOrO, Y T O ~ yKpt?nAXTb
~ I TeAO
T a K , Y T O ~ BOCCTaHOBMTb
~ I er0 &O MCXOAHOI'O COCTOXHMII,
IIpt?AUleCTBOBa.BLUerO I I O A O B O ~3PeAOCTM, M AOCTUYb TO-
ro, q ~ 0 6 b 1n e H M c H e CTOXA BO B p e M H C H a M 6 b 1 ~
BTXHJIT,
Tor@ er0 MeTOA M O X H O CYMTaTb lTO&AMHHbIM.
 YTO KaCXTCX aAXMMMqeCKOr0 3AeMeHTa, TO eCAM
YqeHMK ~ ~ C C O ~ H ~ T H
~ aA
K a~I IHA M
OBXT er0, TOl'Aa OH XB-
AXeTCX B p O X a e H H b I M MMKPOKOCMMqeCKMM 3 A e M e H T O M ,
HO eCAM OH YMblLUAeHHO A e A X T 3TO, TOl'pIa OH 6 y ~ MA-
e ~
npo-
A W 3 O p H b I M 3 A e M e H T O M , K O T O P ~ I B~e A e T TOAbKO K
B a y .
PAABA I1

MMKPOKOCMMUECKME KOTEA M UEUb

" A p a r ~ ~ e ~ K~OhT ~~Ai" i(?&&AH) XBAXeTCX noaoc-

THO B geH-rpe ~ 0 3 r a(3a M e X 6 p 0 B h e M ) u XnlureTcx Mec-
OCHOBHOG CYYHOCTW, MHaqC rOBOpII,
TOM n p e 6 b 1 ~ a ~ u 1 1
OH IIBAXCTCII nOAOCThH) M3Haq;MbHOrO A y X a (XX2H.b W3H.b
HAM po~onoii~ O A O C T ~ H- ee aenas! u npaeas!
) Zj.362 ~~JzQ);
CTOpOHbI CBX3aHbl CO 3paqKaMM npM nOM04M AEYX
~ H ~ P ~ ~ T M ~ K
~ ~CH K
U OHB ,X o H a T m e C B X ~ ~c Hcepa-
~
LJeM'. ~ O ~ T OrOBOPMTCII,
M ~ VTO ( c ~ ~ H o c T H ~ IIPMPO-
~!)
A a nex1.i-r B cepnge u nuAHa sepes raa3a Y ~ n e p ~ a e ~ c x
T a m e , VTO (CYYHOCTH;UI) I l P H P O A a HaXOAMTCX B pa-
 I'OIJeHHOM K O T A ~ " , KOTOpOrO n e p B O H a q a r \ b H O H e CyuJe-
CTByeT.
TOALKO
AMmb KOrAa MCTMHHm XH3HeHHOCTb pa30-
BbeTCX M COeAMHMTCX C O C H O B H O ~CYuJHOCTbH3,
~ C03AaBaSI
c ~ e i eiA w H o e g e A o e , T o r A a nocAeAHee n o n y u a e T Ha3na-
H M e " ~ p a r o I J e ~ H b 1 hK O T ~ A " .
T a m e YTBepXAXTCsl, VTO I I p V m i e p ~ 0H a 1,3 A I O ~ M
HM>Ke I I Y n K a IKOMeuJXTCsl n 0 A O C T b M C T M H H O ~ X M 3 H e H -
t
HOCTM ( ' ~ m 3 n b f ~~103MAH HMXHMG aanb m n b ) , KOTO-
PaSI A e X M T B n p O M e > K y T K e M e X A y l l e p e ~ ~ eMh3 a ~ e f i
CTOPOHaMM H M 3 a X M B O T a H a PXCTOXHMXX, HaXOAXIJJMX-
Csl B COOTHOUIeHHH C e M b K T p e M , M KOTOpaJr T a K X e H a -
3 b I B X T C X ~ O A O T OIleYbIO
~~ (If3~~
d b~ )MeCTOM
, npe6a1-
BmMX ~ e q ~ XoMk3 H M2 .
O T C I O A ~A e A X T C X BbIBOA, VTO X H 3 H b - 3 T 0 BOCnpO-
~ H (243un), p a 3 n w ~ a e ~ aBr rn o a o e b l x
M ~ B O A X ~ Jcuaa opra-
HaX. ~ O A O T ~ SI lI e q b IIePBOH;LYar\bHO H e CyuJeCTByeT, M ee
CyIIJeCTBOBmMe HaqMHXTCX, K O r A a pa3BMBXTCX BOC-
npOM3BOffrryaSI CMAa M IIpOXBAXeTCsl XM3HeHHOCTb. Ko~-
Aa KpOBb AOCTMrXT new, OHa npeo6pa3ye~c~
B OTpM-
I J a T e A b H y I o BOCnpOM3BOARIIJyIO CMAy ( U H ~Z $ ~ U H ),
KOTO-
p a r l B 0 3 H M K a e T B 3 T O M IJeHTpe.
C A I O H ~MCTeKaeT M3 AByX K m a r \ O B IIOA R3bIKOM. Ec-
AM O H a BXOAMT B K a H a U \ A ~ ~ C T B M(H ~ 3 M~
O ) ,b T O r A a O H a
O n y C K X T C R BHM3 B H M X H M ~&lib mRXb, ~ ~ 0 6 6npeo6-
1
p a 3 O B a T b C R B OTpMlJaTeAbHykO B O C I I p O M 3 B O f f r l t r J y ~CMAy,
HO AAX TOrO, 9 ~ 0 HayYMTbCX
6 ~ IlpaBMAbHO rAOTaTb CAIo-
1ry3, HWO ~ r a i 3i~~a r ~o l y e r oyvwenrr, mraqe oHa noii~e
B X<eAyAOK M KMUICYHMK, M 6 y ~ Beb I~B e A e H a KaK 0~6po-
Cb1.

nab B H U X H C M 8aHb mRHe CTaHOBUTCn 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0IIWbKJ,

6 KOrAa O H a H a ' 4 U H a e T
n p e o 6 p a 3 0 ~ b 1 ~ a BmO C ~ ~ p @ U 3 B O ~ U J yCUAy
IO B XUIHCHHOCTb.

Lu K'uan Yu. Secrets of Chinese Meditation, Rider, London, p. 206.

 MMKPOKOCMMYECKME KOTEA M nEYb 35

Bonpoc: n o X a A y i i c ~ a , H e M O X e T e AM BbI H a P M T b M e H X npa-

BMAbHOMy cnoco6y rAOTaTb CAIOHY?

OTB~T:
TO 6 b 1 c ~ p e f i m ~ cnoc06
ii AM c03AaHMII B O C I I P O H 3 B O M -
4efi CMnbI. OH COCTOMT B KaCaHMM X3bIKOM ~ e 6 a9, ~ 0 6 b 1
yBeAH9MTb 6 o ~ e e 0 6 b 1 . i ~ o r o nOTOK CAWHbI.
K o r ~ aP O T HaCTOAbKO HanOAHMTCII, 9 T O BbI 6 0 ~ b m e
H e B b I A e p X M B X T e M rOTOBbI BbIIIAWHYTb, T O r A a B b I n p X -
MMTe LUeW M IIpOrAOTMTe ee. T o r ~ Ca A W H a B O ~ ~ AB ~KT
a-
HaA ~ 3 l c b MO), ' 1 ~ 0 6 b l AOCTM9b
A ~ ~ ~ C T B M( R IIOAOCTM
XH3HeHHOCTM H H X e n y n K a , I'Ae OHa npeo6pa3ye~c~
B
OTPMLJaTeAbHyIO M IlOAOXMTeAbHyW BOCIlpoM3BOAXIIJyW
C M A ~ I( u n b - x n 2 5 3 ~ ~K
) .o r ~ Ba O C n p O M 3 B O ~ u f a mcma 6y-
A e T IIOAHOG, T O T a K M M Xe 6 y ~ Me AbIXaHMe,
~ a KOrAa
AbIXaHMe n o A H o e , T O r A a AyXOBHOCTb 6 y ~ Ce U~~ H OM
~ ~
B m e Ten0 6 y ~ KpeIlKMM.
e ~
ECAM BbI H e HaY9MAMCb 3 T O M y n P a B M A b H O M y M e T O A y
y 3 H W U J e r O Y'lMTeAR, TO K O r A a BbI r A O T X T e CAWHY, O H a
cnepna n o i i ~ eB~X e n y A o K M, 6 y ~ y q 1 - t n e p e n a p e ~ ~ o i i ,
n p o k ~ Be CepALJe,
~ 6 y ~ LJMpr<yAMpOBaTb
e ~ no KpOBeHOC-
H ~ I Mc o c y ~ m npexae
, s e M nonwer B K ~ H ~AA C~CTBMII
(dy N O ) , rAe ~ p o n~o c bT e n e H H o CT~HOBMTCX cepoii, 6e-
A O M
~ KAefi~ofi. Tm M3 H e e 6 y ~ CO3AaBaTbCII
e ~ IIOAOBWI
XMAKOCTb, KOTOpaJI B p e A H a M IIOPTMT CepAlJe. C AaBHMX
I I O p M H O r O MyXWMH M >KeHufMH OApXXAeAM M3-3a B F A -
HOrO B O ~ A ~ ~ ~ C T B
I IM
OAX O B O ~XMAKOCTM.
~
K o r ~ an o n o ~ o k man P a c m v t p a e T c q , M o A o A b r e Ae-
BYUKM rOTOBbI n O T e p X T b CBOIO AeBCTBeHHOCTb, B T O B p e -
M5I K a K M y X 9 M H b I AeI'KO IIOAIIaC\WT n0A BAaCTb CeKCy-
aAbHOrO >KeAaHMII M COBCPIIIaWT a M O p a A b H b I e IIOCTynKM.
K o r ~ an e H M c CTOMT BO BPCMJI C H a n0 H O ' I W , 3 T O T
4
M TOrAa ~ ~ I B X T
M O M e H T H a 3 b l B X T C I I '4aCOM Y3bI ~pafi-

C O ~ A ~ C H ApCBHUM,
O tIePBaR llOAOBUHa AHR tIOAOXUTeAbHa, a B T O P U OTPMIJaTeAb-
Ha. nepem nolrosuHa H a q u H a m c n B sac zpot ( ~ e m y1 I qacaiw sewpa u 1 qawM
 H e B ~ H OOC T ~ I ~ O B MBTc~e M ~ I C A MM c o 6 w p a ~ buocnyows-
~ o ~ s q y cwny
lo CY~AMM~IJMM.
M ~ T Oc06wpa~wr
A 6blnae~
Pa3AM'IHbIM B ~ ~ B M c M ~ ~ o c
'I'M O T B O 3 p X T a MHAMBMAYYMa I l p ~
I I O A O B O ~3peAOCTl4,

Hme n p M M e p H o AecnTH M e c n g e u no Tex nop, IroKa ee

C B e T H e IIOK;UKCT, K O r A a H X T y n X T M O M e H T AAH TOrO,
'ITOG~I M M K P O K O C M M ' I3~ACe MKeM
H T~M
~Or 661 IIpOpBaTb-
cn ocyyecrruAeHMn 6ccc~epl'~n . c ~ o p b ~Mhe -
>TO
TOA.
YTO m c a e T c x - 1 e a o B e K a c p c A r l e r o B O ~ ~ X T TO
~ ,O I ~
AC.\XeH y yep6, l l p ~ q M t f e ~ ~ TCAy
L n e p B a MCllpaBMTb b l 6
p a ~ r p a ~ r n u~oac ~
r r~
p oe~~i ~ n o ~ ~c wyaeb rh. K o r ~ aooc-
I I ~ > I \ M ~ B O A CMAa
H ~ ~ JM
~ ilCl43llellllOCTb BHOBb BOCCTaHOB-
A ~ H L I ,T o r A a c n e T r n ~ 3 1 i e ~ l 1 o cr x. rp~o r l n ~ ~ c Mr r ero n o m -
DOG O p r a l l CHOBa C T a I I e T BTrlI'MBaTbCrl M 3 T 0 RBMTCH MO-
lbleIITOM AAX OC)iLIJeC1BAeHlIH I I P O p b I B a .
C T a p h l G ' I e A o B e K , CBblUIe 64 AeT, y K O T O p o r O IIVAO-
> l ~ M T e A b f £ 3 e ( R H C K O ~ ) HarIa(\O yXe IIepCCTaAO pX3UIl-
B;lTbCII, A U A X e l l IIPaKTMKOUaTb MCTOA " A ~ 6 a ~ , i ~rO-
~ 1 ~
plO1rcI'O'' AAH I I p A A e H M r l C C I , O ~ &
)I<ltJHM. AM 011 YMCCT.
o i l $OA>KCi£ C K O I l I J e H T p M ~ l 3 a T b L r lI l a y n p ' a A e l i M 1 4 IICIIM-
COM, K O r A a TOT iIOAHRT, M IIa'IATb AbIXATeAbHOC y n p a X < -
111'11Mt, ' 1 r 0 6 b 1 LOKPXI'MTI, CTO Ba K O ~ ~ T K MHl'ej>B;tl\
M ~
BiIeMelILl.

B o I ~ ~ ~ )nocne
L: T o r o , K ~ nK o ~ o n o i io p r a l l H e n o A H M M ; m c n B r e -
'(CflMe 3lla'IMTeAbHOrO BI)eMt?IIM, 'IT0 A O A X e H ACAaTb Y C -

H V ~ M ) , Y0rA.i 1reHuC r M BCT~CT et' L H ~ .HCLMOTPII , l a o T c y r c T e u r ~ h ~ c n c iGI; rpej

B kl.i.l'Mr IlPaKTMKM ,lbl/l OVeHh H I X H O B(Kll(,r\b30BaThCR T M M MOMCHTCIM. KOl'Aa nr-
HUC I T O U T M A & M P ~ H U I ( U J ~ ~ AAR L @ A M M ~ I ) U M . nOTOMY T C 0
B O C I ~ ~ O M ~ B O A RCMAbI
~ 6 o pcr e 7 e - 1 n i u c o I p u l ~ a ~ C ~ b t tnoo 6n o e k k l b l ,urn ~Z.IAO~+CKTMB~H
 MMKPOKOCMMYECKVIE KOTEA I4 nEY L, 57

AOBeK, eCAM O H Htt n P a K T M K Y e T ~ b l ~ e y ~ a 3 a t i ~M

b el- f i
TOA ?

O m e ~ To,
: YTO n e n M c H e n o A H M M a e . r c x , y ~ z i b r ~ H
a ae TO,
~ VTV
B O C ~ ~ O M ~ B O cma
A I I ~M~c ~
ToyeHa; ecaM ee He oocc~a-
HOBMTb IIOAHOCTbIO, TOl'Aa X M 3 H e H H O C T b H p H A e T K KOH-
IJy M C.MePTb 6 y ~ e THeAiMeKO.

Bonpoc: ECAM IlPM IIOMOYM y K a 3 a H H O r O B b l U I e M e T O A a H e Y A X T -

CH B O ~ A ~ ~ ~ C T B HO aBIlOAHHTMe
~ T ~ M H a I l p X X e H M e neHM-
C a , VTO CAeAyeT A e A a T b B 3 T O M CAYYX?

ECAM rIOcAe
OTB~T: IlpaKTMKOBaHMR 3TOTO MeTVL\a IIeHMC Ere 6y-
AeT COKpaIlJaTbCR, T O r A a AOAXIXbI IlPl4MeHIITbCII 6b1-
~TpblfM
i ~ e ~ ~ e ~OrHM l fe.i COOTBeTCTBeHHble P U T -
~ b (T.
Mbl A ~ I X ~ H H Xn )p M KOHLJel#TPalJMM H a C M e P T H O M 3aTBO-
pe CBZ ~ R O )y KOPIIR n e H M c a AO T e x
( Z U ~ H nop, rroKa ne-
HMC He 6 y ~ eC A~e h O B a T b ynyaBAetlwk0 M KOHTpOAlO.
~ O C A TOrO,
~ ? IC;UC OH COKI?aTMTCB, yW2HMK A O A X e l i B a a l -

XaTb, Y T O ~ IIpMBeCTM
~ I B O C n p O M 3 B O b X ~ j I oCMAy K OCHO-
BaHMkd nO3BOHOYHMKa M O T A a no H e M y K M03I"j. 3 a ~ e ~
C A e A y e T BblAOXHYTb, Y T O ~ ~IIOCAaTb
I ee BHM3 B I J e H T p
m R H X . 6b1~'IQblk
tIMXHerO a a ~ b O r O H b C03AaeTCR C u b -
EiblM A b l X W M e M , a ~ e ~ A e ~ H bO1r O
f H
i b - C A ~ ~ IAbIXa-
M
HMeM. B ~ b l ~ ~ l CeTfe ni e H M B a < H O , ~ 1 . 0 6 ~ 1KZVKAOC UOA-
06-
l l o e A b l x a I i M e 1 3 0 3 B ~ d Y a A VB O i l l p O X 3 l l O ~ % y y H ,C w ~ y
paTl10 K ee MCTOYlIMKY IIOA H y n K O M A.\H TOrO, V T O ~ L I
Bonpoc: A ~b H
- r~ 3~ H roBopwT: "B 80 M A a x e 90 AeT, ecnu se-
AOBeK BCTpeTMT 3 H W I J J e r O H X T a B H H K a , O H C M O X e T CO-
3 A a T b 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 3AMKCMp
fi 6ecc~ep~~s".
no-BMAUMOMY, e C T b KaK0fi-TO ~ & ~ b I fMeTOA,
i IIO-
3 ~ 0 A R f O r r J ~BOCCTaHOBMTb
fi BOCIlPOH3BOAHLIJYKJ CMAY, eC-
AM q e A O B e K B 64 roAa, 6 y ~ y . AMIIIeH
r~ IIOAOXMTeAbHOrO
( R H C K O ~ O ) Ha'I;M;L, K O T O P O e I l e p e I I I A O B O T p M g a T e k b H O e
( M H ~ C K O ~ M3-3a
) IIOCTORHHOrO PaCCeMBZlHMR BOCIIPOM3-
noan yefi cmar B TeseHMe n p e ~ ~ ~ ~ e c ~ ~ AecsrTMne-
ymrr~wx
T M ~ ,BCe TaKM HeCMOTPR H a 3 T 0 eye M O X e T BOCCTWO-
BHTb CBOIO X M 3 H e H H O C T b M C T a T b IIOXOXMM H a UIeCT-
H w r J a T M A e T H e r O IOHOILIY. He MOrAM 6 6 1 BbI IIOCBRTMTb
MeHR B 3TO?

OTB~T:
"naqmapx v m w ~ a m - + c3K~a 3~a : a c ~ a p n eamAw,
CTpwaIOUJMe IIOAOBbIM ~ ~ C C M A M ~ M ,O W IlPMMeHXTb
MCKYCCTBeHHbIe M e p b I ( H ~ I I ~ U M ~ ~ , ~ac~yp6agu10)
AAA
IIOAHXTMII IIOAOBOrO O p r a H a ~ O C er0
A ~ IlOAHRTMR 'leAO-
B e K A O A X e H ~ a 6 p a BOCnpoM3BO&,nrrJyIO
~ b CUAy O T X M 3 -
HeHHOCTM B T e A e . Y ~ A O B ~X M
K B e T 6naro~apa3 ~ 0 f Xi M 3 -
HCHHOCTM, K O T O P M U I 3 A Z T BOCIlpoM3BOARIJJyIO CMAy, M
Y M M p X T , K O r A a O H a MCTOYMTCX*".
T e n e p b P a C C M O T M T e BHMMaTeAbHO pUC. 4, KOTO-
p b l f i O q e H b RCeH. K ~ TOAbKO
K IleHMC IIOAHMMeTCR, BAOX-
H M T e C B ~ X M BOsAyX,
~ ~ q ~ 0 6 b 1p a 3 X e ' l b IIesb B ~MlKHefi
' I X T M X H B O T a , AAR TOTO, ' I T O ~ ~IlpOBeCTM
I BOCIIPOM3BO-
An g y r o c u ~ y
B KaHan y n p a o ~ e ~ u(ay
n * m )B n o 3 ~ 0 ~ o . r -
HMKe M BBeCTM B M M K P O K O C M M ' ~ ~ C K U KpyT.
~~
B A O X H M TAeBRTb
~ Pa.3, q ~ 0 6 b 1IIOAHRTb BOCIIPOMJBO-
A A 0 II03MLJMH B. ECAM IIeHMC
AXLIJyIO CMAy O T I l 0 3 H r J H H
I l p O A O A > K Z T CTOIITb, BAOXHMTe eye AeBRTb pa3, q~06b1
 MMKPOKOCMHYECKME KOTEA M HEY b 59

IlOAHIITb BOCnpOM3BOAAuJyKJ CMAY O T A A0 C . ECAM

3PeKLJMII H e OCTWlOBAeHP, T O r A a ~ O A H M M ~ ~ ~ T ~
BOCnpO-
M3BO/SIIUJYIO CMAy B D, OCTaOAIIFI ee T a M H a HeKOTOpOe
B p e M I l AAII O s M y e H M a , n p e X A e q e M B e p H y T b ee o 6 p a ~ ~ o
CH
K n e q M ( B HM3Y XMBOTP). O BBAOXHMTe
~ AeBXTb pas,
r ~ o 6 b rnOAHIITb BOCnpOM3BOAIIyylO CMAy OT A A0 D, 38-
AepXMB- ee T a M HeMHOrO, npeXAe q e M n0AHMMaTb ee
'AaAbUIe B E.
ECAM 3PeKLJMII T a M A0 CMX n Q p H e OCTaHOBAeHa,
BAOXHMTe O n R T b AeBIITb pa3, q ~ 0 6 b l IIOAHIITb BOCIIPOM3-
n o ~ yxy m c ~ OT~ AyAO D, ocTanArrn ee T ~ M H a KOPOT-
KOe B p e M I I , I I p e X A e . t e M n 0 A H M M a T b ee A a A b U l e A 0 F M
O T T y A a H ' d 3 a K ne'IM. ~ T M MBbl 3 a B e p U l M T e l r e T b l p e @ a ? b l
M3 9 A ~ I X ~ HK;UKLSM
M ~ HA14 BCe 36 pa3, IIOAOXMTeAbHOe
'4MCA0, y n p a l 3 A I I l O y e e nOA%eMOM n O A O X M T e A b H O r 0 OrHII.
ECAM HeCMOTpFl H a 3TM 36 ~ b 1 x W l M f i~ O A O B OO~p r a H
eye IIOAHIIT, Bbl AOAXHbl HeMeAAeHHO c o 6 p a ~ bUXMMM-
l 4 e C ~ M k 3 A e M e H T , q ~ 0 6 b 1 H a K O n M T b X M 3 H e H H O C T b AAII
BOCCTwOBAeHMII P ~ C C ~ I I H H ~Oo~c n p o u s ~ o ~ I I CMAbI.
y e k
I OAXH~I eye
T ~ B ~ A
q ~ o 6 b rB ~ I ~ O A H U,TO, pa3 BAOX-
H y T b T a K , I ~ T O BOCnpOM3BOARy%l
~ ~ I CMAa n O A H R A X b OT
A AO D, rae o H a A o A x H a H e M H o r o s q e p x a ~ b c xn e p e A
T e M , K a K nOAHMMaTbCfl AaAbUfe A 0 G. , & 4 ~ 3 T O r 0 nOA'b-
eMa He ~ p e 6 y e ~ cHMKaKOrO
x ~006paxe~u11. ~ O C 3TO- A ~
FO, KaK 3 T a CMAa OCTWOBMTCII B G , H a KOPOTKOe BpeMI1,
BbIAOXHMTe, npeACTaBA5III ce6e BOCnpoM3BO&5iUjylO CMAy,
5 I 3 ~ 0 kTOqKM B H M O T T y A a BO3Bpa-
~ l l y ~ ~ a I Q u ~ e k cM3
A)
LIJahTeCb K n e q M .(B 3 a IIleCTb OTAeAbHbIX o I I Y c K W ~ M ~ .
S ~ T BAOXHMTe,
~ M ' l ~ 0 6 b 1 AaTb B O C ~ ~ O M ~ B O A I I L I J ~
CMAe nOAHRTbCR OT A A0 G M BbIAOXHHTe, IIpeACTaBAIIR
ee o n y c ~ a m y e k u rAO I, M o T T y A a ~ 0 3 ~ p a y a k ~ eK c ne-
b
'IM 3;1 UleCTb OTAeAbHb1X O I I ~ C K W M ~ .
3 a ~ BAOXHMTe,
e ~ ' I T o ~A~
a TIb B O C I ~ P O M ~ B O A R UCM-
J~~
A e IIOAHIITbCII OT A A 0 G M BblAOXHMTe, npeACTaDARII ee
o n y c ~ a m y e k w rA 0 J, I'Ae O H a H e M H O r O 3 a e p X M B a e T C . R
O q u y e H u x nepea n e p e x o A o M K K M ol-ryaa ~ o s ~ p a -
IIjaeTCII K n e q M 3 a LUeCTb 0 n y C ~ a t i M k .
 3 a ~ BAOXHMTe,
e ~ q ~ 0 6 b 1A a T b B O C ~ ~ O U ~ B O CM-
A I I ~
A e IIOAHlTbCII O T A A 0 G M BbIAOXHMTe, IlpeACTaBAIIII ee
0 n y c ~ a t o y e f i c I IA 0 J, M O T T y A a B O 3 B p a y W T C I I K A 3a
IIIeCTb o I I Y c K ~ H M ~ .
B ~ IT a K M M 3 a o e p r u M ~ eq e T b 1 p e +a3b1
O ~ ~ Z O M no
IIIeCTb 0 n y ~ ~ a H M Ka>l<P,M,
fi MAM BCerO 24 O n y C K w M I I -

OTpM Y a T e A b H O e ( M H ~ C K O ~'4MCA0,
) KOTOpOe yno~pe6~e-
HO +$AX OIIYCKWMII OTPMIJaTeAbHOl'O OFHII.
~ O A H R T M n~O A O B O r 0 O p r w a n M T W T B H Y T ~ ~ H H M
OrOHb B new, K O T O ~ ~npeo6pa3ye~
I ~ BOCnpOU3BOAII-
yym XMAKOCTL, n o A y q a e M y m OT n e p e B a p u B a S i u f i nwyn,
I3 OTyM YaTeAbHyFO B O C I l p O M 3 B O A H U J y ~ CMAy ( u M b y3UM),
u ~ y y y mH a y K p e n A e r t u c T e A a 1.1 o x u n A e H v i a A y x o n t l o c -
TM, YAAHHIIII 3TMM HMTb X M 3 H H .
A ~ A cMT a p o r o M cpeAHero ~oapac~
H ea MOVT npaK-
TMKOBaTb UXMMMH3 6 e 3 IlOAHIITMII IIOAOBOrO O p r a H a .
K o r ~ an e H M c CTOMT, OCHOBHM C Y ~ H O C T p~a,c n o A o n < e H -
H M B CepAIJe, A O A X H a 6 b 1 ~ bI I e p e A B M H y T a B MeCTO, r A e
n 0 M e y W T C R B W H M X<M3Hb ( H U X < ~n y n ~ a )AAII TOrO,
q ~ o 6 a 1AOCTMqb MX COeAMHeHMR n p M n O M O l y M COCpeAO-
TOYeHUII.

Bonpoc: TO Bbl I I O A p Z y M e B W T e nap, COeAMHeHMeM npMpOAb1 M

>I<M3HW nOCPeACTBOM K O H Y e H T P a Y H H ?

OTB~T:
>TO e C T b COeAMHeHMe OTPHLJaTeAbHOrO AbIXaHMII B C e p A -
ye C ~ O A O X M T e A b H b l MA b I X a H H e M B H M X H ~q X
~ T M XM-
BOTa. K o r ~ aO T p M I J a T e A b H O e AbIXaSiMe BXOAMT B KOHTaKT
C nOAOXMTeAbHblM, T o r @ n p M p O A a M X M 3 H b ~ Y A Y Tno-
M e U J e H b I B OAHO MeCTO B COCTOIIHMM nOKOII. K o r ~ ano-
A O X M T e A b H O e AbIXaHMe BHM3Y X<MBOTa BCTPeTMTCII C OT-
y M y a T e A b H b I M AbIXaHMeM, OnyCKaI€)YMMCII M3 C e p A Y a ,
TO n e p B o e ~CMAMTCII. K O H Y ~ H T ~ ~ Y UCOCTOMT
II B cnoc06-
HOCTM OAHOBP€+ieHHO B U e T b K;UKAbIM FAa30M n o OT-
AeAbHOCTU, ' I T O ~ ~CI M O ' l p e T b B ITOAOCTb H M X H e r O 8 a M b
mRMSl, rAe B o n p e ~ e n e ~ ~ToOiqiK e IlOMerrJWTCR B e q H M
>KM3Hb. TO Ha3bIBaeTCII COBePIIIeHCTBOBaHMeM KaK
C ~ L J J H O C T H O ~ I l p M p O A b l , T a K M B W H OX<U3HM
~~ (CUM MUM
 MbIKPOKOCMMqECKbIE KOTEA I4 HEY b 61
W Y d H C H ) ) I)wM YKPeIlAeHMII A y X a M XM3HeHHOCl.M. Ec-
6 y ~ yeC ~
AM B a l l l a I I P a K T M K a n e U I ~ 0 6 ,BbI CO B F M e I 3 e M
IIO'iyBCTByeTe 6 ~ a r o n p ~ n ~ 1 1r ya pmM O I I M I 0 BHM3y XMBO-
T a M CORCI)UICHtIO BHe3aIlHO n 0 ~ 0 X M ~ e A b ~ b (1HfI iI C K M ~ ~ )
< ) r O H b Ha'iHCT IlOAIlMMaTbCR OT OCtiOBal3MX nO3BOHO'IIIM-
K a A<) BellXyIlIKM COAOBbI t I a BAOXe M CnyCKaTbCII BHM3 A 0
~ ~ e t t X~Mp~ aI I ~ H I I O C T M m n e (nop, nyn-
B ~ I M X H ~ 8Mu n b
KOM) I r a o b I A o x e . >TO 6 y ~ IeI O~A H ~ I M0 6 0 ~ 0 Koneca
~0~
( M A M IJMKAOM MMK~3OKOCMM'Il2CKOrO ~ p y ~ a ) .
'rerrepb Irbl A O A > K I ~ B I ~ 0 6 p a ~ ~bA X M M M ' I ~ C K M 3
~ ~e-
n MC O C A M H ~ H M M c
M ~ I I TA A ~ I C Y ~ A M M ~ I J M ~ a u l e f i KOII-
LJcIIT~X~IJMM
C ~AbIXaIIMCM;
~ IleHMC COKPaTM1'CH, M K01.Aa
Hb1 IIOCMOTl3HTe B IIOAOCTb XM3HeHHOCTM (t1~~<11~fi
n d ? i b tLVlHb), TO CO B1)CMCIIeM YBMAMTe T a M CBeT X M 3 -
IIe1111OCTM, 1 3 b 1 p b l 1 3 a ~ ~ l I J M f i CM3
~ 3TOIT) LJeHTa U BMAC
KlIyra. TO CBMAeTeAbCTByeT 0 TOM, ' I T 0 R a U I e TeAO MC-
IlOAIIeIKI B O C ~ I ~ O ~ ~ ~ B O AMH U
XJ M
~ ~ ~ H ~ HCMAaMM.
H O ~ ~
>TOT K l I y r C R e T a IIRARCTCR B ~ A M K M M~ P ~ A ~ A (TUG
O M
1j3u).
Barue TeAO CO3AatICl M3 3aMbICAa BaUIMX p o ~ M ~ e A e0
fi
CO3AaHMM IIOTOMCTBa, HO 3TOT K P Y r CYyCCTBOBaA A0 TO-
CO, KaK BO3HHKAO B a I I l e TeAO, T a K K a K B H e M G ~ I A MM Ba-
IIla C y y H O C T t I Z I n p M p O A a M Be'iHZlA X M 3 H b .
K o r ~ aBbI ~ ~ I Ae M
y e 3apOAbIllleM B M ~ T ~ P M H C K O ~
y~p06e,BaUlM PYKM OXBaTbIBaAM BaLLlM YUIM M BaUIM r A a -
3 a ~ ~ I A13a
M YlJOBHe COrHyTbIX KOAeH. Bb1 H e AbILUaAM
CBOMM PTOM MAM HOCOM M B a U I e AbIXaHMe T a K X e , K a K M
B a U I a n p M p O A a M >KM3Hb, GLIAM nOAVMHeHbl 3TMM >Kt?
x e M e H T a M B TeAe ~ a m e f iM a T e p M . XOTX DM H e em, HO
nocTeneHHo POCAM.B ~ ~I ~ I AC M n y n o ~ M ~ oc6
BX~~HM
VpeBOM AaUIefi M a T e p M . ~ P M M ~ P H 'iepe3
O AeCXTb ( A ~ H -
H ~ I X ) MeCRgeB n p e 6 a 1 n a ~ ~Ba'ipeBe BbI pOAHAMCb H a
CBeT. Barue TeAO 6 b 1 ~ 0M r K M M , K a K T K a H b , H O K a K TOAb-
KO n y n o B M H a 6 b r ~ nepepesa~a,
a sawe B p o x A e H H o e 3a-
POAbIUIeBOe AbIXaHMe OCTaHOBMAOCb M ~ ~ I A3 aOM e H e H O
n l ) ~ 0 6 p e ~ e H ~( 0b 6l b~l ' i ~ b l ~ )AbIXZIMeM, KOTOPOe CTa-
M B ~ I X O A H T~3
AO B X O A M T ~B B ~ C ~ B a m e r o TeAa sepes p o ~
M HO3ApM. C 3 T O r 0 M O M e H T a B a U l a C ~ O W ~ H O C BMAe-
T~
Hun y x y e n m a c b H w o o e M naur 1 l 3 b 1 ~n e p e c T ; M coe~u-
HIlTbCR C K;U1=;1MM Y n ~ a D A e H H I lM A ~ ~ C T B M I I (ay A40 M
x3nb N O ) . Baura C ~ Y H O C T H ~ L I In p M p O A a n p M n o M o y M
n p ~ o 6 p e ~ e ~ A~~oI Xr o
~ H M 6Rb 1 n a n o A B e A e H a K c e p A y y ,
KOTOpOe CAeA;MOCb MeCTOM ee n p e 6 a r n a ~ u 1 1 , a B a a
Beltki;ur X M 3 H b OIIYCTMAXb K HM3Y X H B O T a , ' t ~ 0 6 b lT M M
OCTaThCIl. n pOCTPaHCTBO M e X A y C ~ Y H O C T H O ~I l~p M p -
~ 0 fM i IE~IHOG X U 3 H b I O 6 b 1 ~ 0HeMHOrHM 60nbu1e BOCbMM
A I O ~ M O U .T ~ KK~ ~K y 6x a 1 3~ a ~ e k i C
eO M ,noc-
~ ~ H ~ H H ~TO
neatlee p y ~ o m ~ B ~ ~nMoMc ~ l \ u e t i s e c AO
~ ~ nspocnoro
a
COCTOHHMH M UIIAOTb A 0 CTapOCTH M, YBbI, IlpH1JOAa
M XM31ib yXe HMKOrxA CtiOBa H e COeAMHIlTCR.
T;IK KaK XM3Hel{llOCTb yBeAM'IC1BaeTCR n o BeCy H a
64 Vq6, K-AbIe 32 MeCHya. TO KOI'Aa p e 6 e ~ ~ y r0-
ABa
A a u I w c e M a M e c x y e e , OH pa3uae-r B ce6e enwinyy nono-
X M T e A b H O r O Ha'4ar\a (h)
CO cooeh XH3HeHHOCTbIO Be-
COM B 64 ruruy. K o r ~ ae M y 5 neT M 4 Mecxya, nonoxw
T e A b H O e H a q a r \ O yBeAC1YMBaeTCIl A0 AByX WMHUIJ, B TO
B p e M R KaK XM3HeHHOCTb B O 3 p X T a e T eye Ha 64 luuy.
B8 AeT nOAOXMTeAbHOe Haqar\O yBeAMqMBat?TC5l A 0 T p e X
eAMHHI), IIpM XH3HeHHOCTH, ~ B ~ A M ~ M B U eye
~ ~ ~ H
~ aC I I
64 ~uuy.K o r ~ p
a e 6 e ~ ~10y n e T u 8 M e c x y e a , nonomM-
T e A b H O e HaYar\O B b I p X T a e T A 0 4 eAHHMrJ, H X H 3 H e H -
HOCTb YBeAMYMBaeTCR eye Ha 64 eAMHMJJb1. K o r ~ ae M y
13 n e T M 4 M e c x y a n o n o m u T e n a H o e H a q a n o m e e T
5 e A H H M g , B TO UpeMR KaK XM3HeHHOCTb YBeAM'IMBWCX
e 4 e H a 64 ruuy.
B 16 AeT IIOAOXMTeAbHOe HaqZLiO 6 y ~ ep a B~ H 0
6 eAMHMYaM, a XM3HeHHOCTb n p ~ o 6 p e ~eye a e ~64 Wy.
T ~ K M06pa30~.
M o 6 y ~ i iBeC XMJHeHHOCTM COCTaBMT
384 ECAH 24 q. YHXAeAOBaHHbIX OT P O A H T ~ A
 MMKPOKOCMM'IECKME KOTEA 1/1 nE'ib 63

n p ~ 6 a K~ 360
~ ~ w by , n o A y 4 e H H b l x OT ~ e 6 a
M ~ ~ M A M ,
TO B CYMMe 3 T 0 COCTaDMT TaK>Ke 384 U j J MAM OAHO Ka-
??tu7,M TOT, HbR X M 3 H e H H O C T b BeCMT 384 luKJ?, 6 y ~ e ~
>KMTb.
tlo B ~ o s p a c ~16e n e T c o s ~ a q~e A~o Bee K a 6 e p e ~H a
c e 6 ~y n p a m e H M e X M B H ~ I O M n o c T e n e k w o p a 3 n ~ n a e ~ c x
c r 0 M H T e M e K T . C BHYTpeHHMM O r H C M , IlOAHMMatOUJMM-
ca a e r o T e A e , C Y U J H O C T H ~ n~p M p o A a 3 a ~ e q a e YMOM
~ c ~
(c~~AY~M T a)K, YTO CTPaCTM M X e A a H M X 3anOAHIIK)T C y -
IJJCCTBO IUeCTH~rJaTMAeTHeI'O. M B CBOeM IIOpblBe K
c ~ m eI<, ~ O ~ ~ T C T
OHBn
~p, ~ 6 e r a eK ~XHTPOCTM M MCKYCY,
B b l A y M b I B X T BCRKMe YAOBKM, q ~ 0 6 b 1 0 6 ~ a H b l B a T b APY-
rMX, H e I I O H M M X T , VTO n o c T y n a J I T a K , O H B p e A M T c~oefi
M C T M H H O ~I l p M p O A e . T ~ K M06pa30~,
M M3HaIIlMBaJI CBOe
CepArJe M TeAO, OH p X C e M B X T CBOIO X M 3 H e H H O C T b M
0 e f i C ~ Y H O C T H O n~p~M P P A b 1 .
B b 1 3 b l B X T K O A ~ ~ ~ H cMB H
B pe3yAbTaTe er0 >KM3Hb Y K O p a q M B a e T C R . El'0 CMepT-
H b l a 3 a T B O p IUMPOKO P a C K P b I T , a CyUJHOCTHaJI I l p M p o A a
-- o c ~ a 6 ~ Me ~n oan p e m A e H a . n o c e ~ yero X M ~ H ~ H H ~ S
CMAa B b l T e K a e T IlpO'Zb, no~o6~
n OoT O K y BOAbI.T ~ Kp,a C -
. r p a q w n a J I CBOIO C ~ I J J H O C T H ~ I Or ~ p ~ p nop~M yn o ~ o BM-4 ~
H a M C e K C a , O H n 0 3 B O A a e T MCTOUJaTbCR CBOMM BOCIlPOM3-
BOARUJMM M I K M 3 H e H H b l M CMAaM, a CaM IlOrpyXXTCR B
CMeYTb.
T ~ K M0M
6 p a 3 0 ~ero IlOAOXMTeAbHaJI X M 3 H e H H O C T b
(RM Z ~ U ) I I O C T e n e H H O YMeHblLlaeTCH, B T O B p t 3 v M K a K OT-
PMrJaTeAbHaJI ee K O M I l O H e H T a P a C T e T B T O Xe
~ CTeneHM.
OH CTaHOBMTCR C M e P T H b I M YeAOBeKOM, IlOrAOIIJeHHbIM
CBOMMM 3CMHbIMM M H T e p e C a M M . H ~ Y M H ~ C
J I 16 AeT, 3a
Ka>l<Able 96 M e C R r J e B pa3BMBXTCR eAMHMrJa OTpMrJaTeAb-
Horo Havana (Mnb). T ~ KK24 r o ~ nap ~~ 6 a ~ l u r eye
e ~ c ~
O A H a q M H M r J a O T p M y a T e A b H O r O H a q a A a M M 3 - 3 a OTCYTCT-
BMX B3PPUJMBaHMX XM3HeHHOCTM YeAOBeK TePReT
64 lrmy O T H e e . K 32 r O A a M 0 7 p M I J a T e A b H O e HaYiMO B03-
P X T X T H a A B e eAMHMIJb1 M OH T e P X e T e y e 64 'tmy X M 3 -
HeHHOCTM M3-3a OTCYTCTBMX M e p no ee COXpaHeHMIQ.
B 40 A e T O l ~ M I J a T e A b H O eHaYiMO B O 3 p X T X T A 0 YeTbIpeX
eAMHMIJ M, nOCKOAbKy H e I l P e A I I P M H M M X T C I I M e p A M
BOCCTaHOBAeHMII JIOTepb XMJHeHHOCTM, llOCAeAHIIII B
HM>KHY
~X~ T M X M B O T P I I O C T e n e H H O MCTOUJXTCII, Bb13b1-
nan 6 0 ~ 0 n p~M ~TOM
n o c e A e H M e BOAOC M ; B H O B ~~3 H e e
TepXeTCA 64 W y . B 56 A e T O T p M g a T e A b H O e HaYiMO B 0 3 -
PaCTXT A 0 5 eAMHMIJ; IlOCKOAbKy YeAOBeK I l p O A O A X X T
R p e A a B a T b C X MMPCKMM YAOBOAbCTBMXM M CTPeMMTbCH K
ero
cAaBe M ~ O ~ ~ T C T B ~n e, l r e H b o c ~ a 6 e ~ aero
e ~ ,3 p e ~ ~ e
n p T 4 l y n M e T C X , 3 a M e T H O yXyAIJlaeTCX na M T b , a BHeUI-
HOCTb ~ A ~ K H ~ECAH,
T . HeCMOTpX H a BCe 3 T 0 , OH BCe >Ke
OTKa3blBXTCII OAYMaTbCX, OH OnXTb TepXeT 64 W y
>KM3HeHHOCTM. B 64 r 0 A a 0 7 p M I J a T e A b H O e H a Y M O YBeAM-
Y M B ~ ~ T CAO
X 6 eAmHMy, ecm OH n o - n p e x ~ e ~Hye ocos-
H a e T C B O CMePTHOCTM
~ ~ M IlPOAOA>Ka4?T rPf23Ml3b, n O K a
er0 BOAOCbl H e C T X i y T COBCeM ~ ~ A ~ I M3HCPrMX
M , MCTO-
gMTCX, a Y e p T b I CTaHYT M 3 M O > I ~ e H H b l M M ;OH O n X T b T e -
PReT 64 qXy. T e i ~ e p bCTapMK y>Ke H e cnoco6e~C 0 3 A a T b
B O C n p O M 3 B O A X Y y I o CMAy AAX n O A A e p X a H M X CBOerO T e A a ,
er0 384 XXy XM3HeHHOCTM PaCCeIIHbJ M C M e P T b yXe He
3 a r0paMt.i.
r ~ a B aI O ~ Y Y Z T M e T O A y @ M K C M ~ O B ~ H MAyxa
X B er0
~ c x o ~ ~n ooAioic T u (zj3bz W O , B V e H T p e ~ o s r a3, a Men<-
G p o n b e ~ ) ,T a K YTO K O r A a BOCIIpOM3BO,piya5l c M A a B M ~ -
p w p y e T B ~ C A O B M X X n o ~ ~ e i i m e rn o K o x , ee MOXHO CO-
6 p a ~ AM
b yl<penAeHMX T e n a M n p o P s \ e H m XMSHM.
ECAM BOCIIPOMJB0,piUJ;UI CMAa H ~ ~ M P X T C XIlOCAeAO-
BaTeAbHO B TeYeHMe C T a ~ ~ eT Ok 3TMM
, np~06pe~ae~
64 XXy X M 3 H e H H O C T M M C O 3 A X T C X O A H a eAMHMIJa IIOAO-
XMTeAbHOI'O H a Y M a ; 3 T 0 K a K 6 b 1 " n o ~ 6 p a c b r ~ ar0-
~ ~ e
pIo~er0"ps\X ITOAAepXaHMX M npO&AeHMX XM3HM.
Tlp~ T e x x e ~ C A O B M X X ,ecm B O C ~ ~ O M ~ B O A I I U Jcma
~SI
H a K a n A M B X T C X e y e 100 ~ ~ eTOk AOIlOAHMTeAbHO
, npM-
 MMKPOKOCMMYECKME KO1BA M nEqb 65

o 6 p e ~ r n ~64c ~
luKy ?KM3HeHHOCTM, a nOAOXMTeAbHOe
HaYaizO B O 3 P a C T X T A 0 AByX eAMHMrJ; T e A O CTWOBMTCR
O Y e H b C M A ~ H ~ I1.1M B c e ~ O A ~ ~M HC MY ~ ~ ECAM
~ T .HaKan-
hMBaH14e ~ 0 ~ 1 1 p 0 ~ 3 ~ 0 i y r I l J CMAbl
ek IlpOAOA>I<aeTCfi eye
64~YcXy~ X M 3 H e H H O C T M
100 A ~ e k ,n p ~ o 6 p e ~ m nPM
BO3p;ICT;LHMM I I O A O X H T e A b H O r O H a Y a A a A0 T p e X eAMHMLJ;
BCe nOh0CTM T e A a OYMUJaIOTCR A M OMOAOX<eHMR M LLIal'M
Y Y e H U K a CTWOBRTCII AWKMMM M G b l c ' I ' p b ~ ~ 3~p, e H M e -
RCHbIM M CAYX - XOPOIIIMM.
n0~lle+$aAb~ekUIMx 100 ~ ~ n pe ~ i ko 6 p e ~ a . Cmh ~e - ~ ~
AyIOyMe 64 YXy XM3HeHHOCTM n p M B O 3 P X T W M M IIOAO-
II<MTeAbHOI'O H a Y a A a A0 4 eAUHMLJ; YqeHMK T e n e p b YYBCT-
ByeT c e 6 ~T a K x e XOpOLUO, KaK 6 0 r a ~ b r k YeAOBeK,
M M ~ I O I I J MBCe
~ B03MOXHOCTM H X A ; U K A a T b C R X M 3 H b I O ;
ero K o x a CTWOBMTCR AOCHFIye kc^, a ero 6 e ~ b 1 eB O A O C ~ I
n p ~ o 6 p e ~nmp ~e x ~ ~q ekp ~ b l kLJBeT. ~ O C CAeAyIO-A ~
Y M X 100 ~ E l e kn p ~ o 6 p e ~ m ~ ~carAr b ~ e k L I l M64
e q>I<y
jKM3HeHHOCTI.1, a nOAO>I<MTeAbHOe H a r l a n 0 yBeAMYMB2ET-
CS A 0 5 eAMHMIJ; AyXOBHOCTb affenTa CTatiOBMTCII O q e H b
B ~ ~ C O KMOHOBbIe
~ 3 y 6 b 1 B b I p X T W T BMeCTO BblnaBLUMX.
I l o c ~ ec A e A y m y u x 100 ~ ~ e n kp u, o 6 p e ~ r n ~ cerye
x
64 YXy XMSHeHHOCTM M n O A O X M T e A b H O e H a Y U O YBeAM-
YMBaeTCII A 0 6 eAMHMLJ; YeAOBeK H a w \ W < A X T C R B C e M
AYYIIIMM B X M 3 H M M B TO X<e B p e M LJeAMKOM B O C C T U a B -
A M B X T CBOe TeAO A 0 er0 IIOAHOCTbIO I l O A O X M T e A b H O r O
COCTOHHMII, K a K H M O H 0 ~ ~ I AB O
P W H e M AeTCTBe, BHOBb
0 B A ; t z e B X T KpYrOM Tati 3324 (HAM B ~ A M K M M~ P ~ A ~ A O M ) ,
IlpM KOTOPOM IlOAO>KMTeAbHaSI X M 3 H e H H O C T b M CYIlJ-
HOC.THaSI I I p M P O A a WeAMHRIOTCR, ' 1 ~ 0 6 ~ 1 MCnYCTMTb C B e T
>KMBHeHHOCTM, K O T O P ~ I IIBhtIeTCX
~ CBeTOM C Y L L J H O C T H O ~
npMpOAb1 B A p a r o I j e ~ ~KOTAe
o~ ( B ~ O A O B ~M) C B e T O M
M C T M H H O ~X M 3 H M B n e q M (BHUJY X M B O T ~ ) .
Y ~ ~ H HA OKA X e H n p O A y M a T b BCe 3 T 0 O Y e H b BHMMa-
TeAbHO.

Bonpoc: Bb1 CKa3aAM, q T 0 MeTOA CO3AatiMII V ~ C T M H H O ~ BOCIIPOM3-

k 6 y ~ pa3AMYHbIM
~ o ~ x y eCMAbI e ~ TpeX ~a~erop~k
YYeHMKOB: YMCTOFO IOHOLUM, Y e A O B e K a CpeAHMX A e T U
 CTapMKa; ~ O X U ~ & C TH
~ a, y q M T e M e H R , K a K OTAMqaTb MC-
TMHHYIO BOCnpOM3BOAXLIJyIO CMl\y O T A O X H O ~ .

OTB~T:
n e p ~ b l i mar
i 3 a ~ ~ m s a e ~BcHma n p a B A e H M M A~XOBHOCTMB
M C X O A H ~ I O n o A o c T b (253~2tylo B gewrpe ~ o s r a 3a , Mex-
6 p o n b e ~ )n y T e M K O H g e H T P a r J H H T X , V T O ~ n~pIM H w e -
X a y M X YCAOBMRX I I o ~ ~ e 6 m e fTMrUMHbI
i BO3HMK CBeT
XM3HeHHOCTM.
~ P YCAOBMM
M OTCYTCTBWR M ~ I C ACO ~ ~B p e M e H e M
AXT 0 ce6e 3 H a T b I l O A O X M T e A b H O e HaY;MO (YH), BbI3bI-
B a 3peKLJMIO n e H M C a . ~ V ~ H MA O
K N K e H OTMeCTM MbICAM
o ce6e T a K , q ~ o 6 b ro c ~ o 6 o ~ cnoe
n ~ b cepaqe OT B o n H e -
H M ~M
, 3 a T e M CKOHLJeHTPMpOBaTbCR H a CBOeM AyXe, q T 0 -

~ A ~ M ~ H T BHM3Y >KMBOTa [IPM 3 T O M OllaAReTCR O r -

BOAbI
H e M A y X a M TaKMM 0 6 p a 3 0 ~npeo6pa3ye~c~
B MCTMHH~I~
AyX. Y Y ~ H MA OKA X e H C p Z y >Ke c o 6 p a ~ bMCTMHHYW BOC-
nyOM3BO&3LIJylO CMAy.
EM^ AOlvKHO 6 b 1 ~ bM3BeCTH0, K a K BOCnOAb3OBaTbCR
OTCYTCTBMeM M ~ I C A ,$AX
~ ~ HaKaIIAMBWW MCTMHHO~~
XMSHCHHOCTM B 3TMX YCAOBMRX I I o A H ~ ~ ~ u I3aTMUlbR.
~ ~ o
B 3 T 0 B p e M I I O A O X M T e A b H O e ( 1 % ) A X T 0 ce6e 3HaTb,
0 6 y c n a ~ ~ ~T ~O , aq m
T O IIeHMC CTOMT H a I I p R X e H H O . Henb-
3R IIOAAaBaTbCH CeKCYaAbHOMY XeAZlHMIO, K O T O p O e ripe-
o6pa3ye~u o c n p o ~ s u o ~ m ~ ~c~~ynr ynB n p ~ o 6 p e ~ e ~ ~
uocrrp0~3~o,~xyy10 I K M A K O C T ~ , ~ 6 o0H a 6 e c n o ~ e 3 M
~ aee
HeAb3H H a K O n M T b . B 3TMX YCAOBMRX y'IeHMK AOA>l<eH 6 ~ 1 -
C q > O Abl l l l a T b s e p e 3 HOBAPM, ' 1 ~ 0 6 6 1 I l O B e P H y T b 0 6 p a ~ H c )
IIVAOiKMTeAbHOe H a q a A O T a K , q ~ 0 6 b 1O H 0 H e P X C e R A O C b .
TO AbIXaHMe He n p e A H a 3 H a 1 r e H 0 AAR HaKaIlAMBaHMR
~ o c n p o ~ s n o ~ x XMAKOCTM,
yei n b ~ ~ e ~ a m y ~e 3i -i 3 aH e -
I I P a S M A b H O r O M C n O A b 3 0 B W M R n p o R B A e H M IlOAOXMTeAb-
H O ~ OH a q a n a
Y q a L t 3 ~ f i C . R A O A X e H O q e H b BHMMaTeAbHO OTHOCMTCX
KO B C e M y 3TOMY.
ECAM YYeHMK HaMepeHHO HXTpaMBaeT CBOR yM H a
H a K a n AMBaHMe B O C p~O I 4 3 ~ 0 ~ R l l J e &CMAbI (T. e. eCAM OH
AyMaeT 06 3TOM M ero YM 3 a I I O A H e H M ~ I U X M H ) , T O r A a
e M y H M K O r A a H e npOM3BeCTM 30AOTOTO 3AMKCMPa.
O'lMUIEHME BOCbMM 3HEPI'ETMY ECKMX KAHAAOB 67

Koraa H a Y M H W u J M e BlTepBbIe C W T M MeAMTa-

LJMM, BCerAa eCTb X ~ A O ~ ~
'IT0
I , IIOCKOAbKY HeAb3H IIleBe-
AMTb HOlXlhlM M 6 e ~ p a HaqMHWTCII
~~, CyAOPOrM MAW
CIImMbI, M 3 T 0 MM A ~ ~ C T B YH ~a T
HepBbI M H a ~po~oo6-
PaIlJeHMe, a KpOMe TOrO, XM3HeHHOe AbIXaHMe 3aTpyA-
HIIeTCII, M Bb13bIBaeMbIe 3TMM ~ O A MTPYAHO TepIIeTb.
3 ~ rA=a
a PaCCMaTpMBWT MeTOA BoCCTaHOBAeHWl
C B O ~ O A H Or ~J u p q A x y n M ~ O B M 6a1c~poron p e K p a -
UJeHMII OHeMeHMII HOr.
ECAM B O C ~ MrAaDHbIx
~ 3 H e p r e T u r e c K H x K ~ H ~ A OCBO-
B
~ O A H OT
~ I n p e n x ~ c ~ ~M uB3aMMOCBX3ZlHbI
k CO CBOMMM
pa3BeTBAeHWlMM, TO OHM O ~ ~ ~ ~ CeTb,
Y I O KTO T O P U o6ec-
IIeqMBaeT ABe pa3AMqHbIe ~ Y H K L J M Ma)
: 6ecnpenx~c~-
B ~ H H IIOTOK
~ I ~ ~ o c n p o ~ 3 ~ o ~ x CyMe Ai ~i I (Zj3un) M 6)
HeOrPaHM'leHHyH) LJMPKyARLJMH) XM3HeHHOrO AbIXaHWl

(YU).

1
BOW r A W b 1 X 3HePElW'iCCKUX KWaAOB: 1. MO HAM K m a A YIIpaBAeHWT, nOA-
HUM'deTCI1 OT OCHOBaHTlJl n e m c a U UACT 9CPC3 K O M U K BBCPX n0 tIO3BOH09HUKy K
~o31-y. 2. %m MO U A H ~ a n m~ e k m u a nommacrcn , M OCHOB~HCLIIn e m c a u
uncr no m u m ~ y r, r p o x o ~ uy e~ p 3 n y n o w , enanwry B m u m , r p y ~ b r, o p A o , n p w e
r e M no- AO Mova 3. ,&air MO HAM noacnoii ~ a n a o~6 p, a 3 y r o y u k no o 6 m ~
C T O P O H ~ M rrynKa n o a c , o n o n c ~ e a m l l ~ u imum.4.
i Y~H
rn mu r r p o n u 3 u ~ a n ~ y u R
9
ana air, n o m u M a m c n OT O C H O B ~ ~n e~ nIu c a , r r p o x o ~ uM~ e m y ~ a n a ~ a ~rn u u
xam MO u K o m a e r c s B cep,vje. 5. Xu H) HAM n o ~ o k u n x b m eK ~ H W p y BO ~
B H ~ I I I H M Xc m p o n a x p y C~E ~ ~ H B ~ I 0O6Ta m o l a c y e q a M u awoneii nocile npoxom-
Aema r e p 3 c p e A n u e n m q H . 6. Mm H) m u O T p u y a m f i m e ~ a n wy~ c BV-
p e w w w r m p o w o6em p y ~COCA~HRIOT gem-pu napo~ekc r p y ~ b r o .7.
noAomuTefime K ~ H N Hor n o m u M a m c x OT y e m p a noAolus u n o s o p a u u n a m K
k: yvlo UAU

B n e m m C T O P O H ~ M A O A Y X ~ K n o r , n p w e rcM AOCTUYL O C H O ~ H W nenuca, rAe

o m meAumIoTcn c ~ p y r u ~K u~ H ~ A ~ M8.U Mm . y?m mu o r p u y a m f i m e K ~ H W I
HOr, ITOAHUMaIUl'CR OT LJCHTPOB ITOAOUB W H A P C 6H)TP-X CTOPOH AOAhIXeK U
nor, q e m e r e M Aocmrb o u i o a a x ~n e~n w c a , rAe o m c o e ~ m m c c. ~ p y r u ~Ka-u
H ~ A ~ M U3ro
. a o c e ~ sr A a e m l x K ~ H ~ A O BecAn
, OHM m 8 n p m m r r p e m c r e u k , m a -
U M H O CBJl3-I, 0 6 p q 1 CO CBOUMU P a 3 B e T B A W W M W C m , r e p a KOTOpYIO rrpoTeKa-
e~ e o c r r p o u 3 ~ o ~ y acuaa,
n u m r A a B nux C B O ~ O A H Oy u p ~ y ~ u p mu3~ennoe
ye~ AH-
xanue.
 B nepnym ovepeAb 6 y ~ pea c~c M o T p e H CBO~OAH~I
IIOTOK B O C ~ ~ O U ~ BCMAbI
O ~ qY e ~P ~
3 CeTb,
~ 06pa3ye~ym
B O C e M b m 3HePreTM'4eCKUMM K W U ; I M H M MX pa3BeTBAe-
HMRMM.
6a30k
OCHOBHO~~ STMX B O C ~ M M K;WUOB RBlUleTCR
IlOAOCTb UAM 3aTBOP CMePTHOCTM ( W ~ HCbt Z@O) Y OCHO-
B W W 4 IIeHMCa, KOTOpaJr C O e A M H R e T a C OCHOBiWMeM no-

3BOHOqHMKP K W U O M YnPaBAeHMX MO, K O T O P ~ I 3a-

~~
T e M IIOAHMMaeTcJl no CnMHHOMY xpe6~yA 0 3aTbIAKa ne-
P A T e M , K a K B O ~ T MB HU 6 a H b HAM M 0 3 r .
I43 gempa ~ o s r Ba n p o ~ o ~ r o n a ~ b~l 0
i i3 (medulla
r
oblongata) CnyCKZTCR K W U A ~ ~ C T B M (X ~ 3 H bNO),
K O T O ~ COeAMHReTCR
~ I ~ B HeM C L?Y MO CBX3M C no-
AOCTbIO CMIIHb U H ( T ~ M H C T B ~ H HM
y3AeYKa no3aAM He-
6ec~oroB o A o e M a B ~ e 6 e )K, O T O ~ M CXOAMTCR vepea pa3-
u e~ ~~n
BeTBAeHMR C B ~ P X H x ~ e oKOCTbIO,
k rC\e MCTMHHU
XM3HeHHOCTb AerKO HaXOAMT ce6e BbIXOA PXCeMBa-
HMR.
OYMLUEHME BOCbMM 3HEPTETIAYECKMX KAHAAOB 69

B H M ~ Yn O A IlOAOCTblO C W H b U H IIOMeUJaeTCX rOPAO,

q e p e 3 K O T O p o e K m a A 3 a Y a T b X I I p o X O A H T BHM3 B A e r 0 9 -
H ~ I Oap-repwo, B n p a ~ ~ r nf eiA y A o q e K c e p A r J a , a s a ~ Be ~
neqeHoqHym apTepMro noA ~ n a + p a r ~ o fme
i, n o A cepA-
l J e M n O M e U J a e T C R IIOAOCTb, H a 3 b I B Z M a J l 243RH ZYH (HAM
coAHeYHoe c n ~ e ~ e ~A~a e e) K. ~ H ~o nAy c K a e T c x B no-
AOCTb X M J H e H H O C T M (HAM H M X H M ~a a H b I ? U Z I C ~ )IIOTOM
,
MAeT B IIMYKM, O T K y A a B O 3 B p a u J Z T C X B IIOAOCTb C M e p T -
HOCTM y OCHOB~HMII n e H M c a
~ T A
M B a BepTMKaAbHbIX K a H a A a (ay M O M X 3 H b MO)
nepeceKaroT onorrcarnmynfi KaHan aaii MO, c o e A m H x x
er0 CBepXy C CepAlJeM, a CHM3Y C 110AOBbIM 3 a T B O P O M R N
zyanb ( o ~ n e p c ~ uH ea K o H y e neauca, sepes K o T o p o e B ~ I -
T e K a e T C I l e p M a M M O ~ Z ~ ) , C n e p e A U C IIyIIKOM M C 3 a M C
~ O Y K ~ M Mw ,3 ~ a ~ a 5 1K a H a n ILYH MO B c e p e A M H e T e n a
Bce TO n p ~ 6 n ~ r n oen M
~ c~b IoB a e T , 06pa30~
KXMM
Y e T b I p e 3 H e p r e T M Y e C K M X K m a A a CBX3bIBZUOTCX Apyr C
ApyrOM ,$AH COSAaHMII, LJMPKYMlJMM, BbIIlYCKatlWR M
OYM y e H u x o o c n p 0 ~ 3 ~ 0 ~ ~ 1 1 y ceniAi a r ( y 3 u n ) .
ECAM 3TM KaHaAbI n e p e K p b I T b l , T O r A a BOCnpoM3B0#3-
uJ;111 C H A a H e M O X C T CO3AaBaThCII M YeAOBeK ITOCTeIIeHHO
CTaHOBHTCX C T a p b I M , no~o6~
Amone, yrZXXlIOuJefi M3-3a
HeAOCTaTKa rOpIO9erO. TO O T TOFO, 9 T O 6e3 B O C n p o M 3 -
noaxyeti C M A ~ IT e A o q e A o n e K a n o r ~ 6 a e ~n .o c e ~ yy q e -
HMK AOAX<eH O ~ P ~ T M T ~ CKI IIIPOCBeLLJeHHOMY H X T m H M -
KT, q ~ 0 6 6 1IIOAyqMTb y K a 3 a H M X , K a K lIPOM3BOAMTb M I I p e -
0 6 p a 3 0 n b r ~ a ~ bB O C n p O M 3 B O A I I ~ y l OC U y , o c ~ o 6 o r n ~ a ~ b c
OT 6 o ~ e 3 ~ e M
i iYAAMHIITb X M 3 H b .

Bonpoc: B ~ rIo n o p n l z c l o B ~ I P ~ ~ O TLK

J M~P,~ M I J M M , M C ~ Y C K ~ H M M
M OqMLIJeHMM B O C ~ I P O M ~ B O A I I L LCMAM;
J ~ ~ ~ H e MOI'AM 6 6 1 BbI
O ~ E I I C H H T nce
~ TO 6 o ~ e e~ O A P O ~ H O ?
M~TOA
OTB~T: B ~ I ~ ~ ~ O BTO K I ~ O M ~ B O A I I UCJu~ b~ 1~ y K a 3 m W
C IM
~ r o ~ ec iTia p r u e 64 AeT, T e A a ~ o ~ o p a nr oxA H o c T b r o npo-
HM3aHbI o T P M I J ~ T ~ A3 ~
~eH
p lo
'W~e~f i ( u H ~ ) . OHMAOlUKHbI
n p 0 9 e C T b B T O p y l O r A a B y M I I p a K T M K O B a T b M e T O A A M Bbl-
 ~ ~ ~ O TB O
KC H
IIPOM~BO@VIUJ~
CHAbI
~ AAR TOI'O, q ~ 0 6 b 1 YK-
PeIIMTb X M 3 H e H H O e AblXWMe.
flpeo6pa3o~a~BO~CeI I ~ O M ~ B O @ye6 c n A b r 3 a m w s a -
ee sepe3 K ~ H ~ayA ~o OT OCHOBWWI
e T c x B noAHxTuM
IlO3BOHO'iHMKa K 3aTbIAKY M A;Mee K ~ 0 3 r f r(Hu & l i b ) , M
B OnYCKaHMM O T I y A a ee IT0 K a H ; M y X 3 H b At0 A 0 IIOAOCTM
c m n b UH ( n o s He6ec~oro
~ ~ BoAoeMa B ~ e 6 e )3, a ~ e ~
A0 r O p A a , IIOAOCTM 243RH ZYH ( C O A H ~ V H O ~ C
O ~ I A ~ T ~ H HM
R)
3aTeM A0 H M X H ~ G Oa @ H b m.Ulur; 3 T 0 A B M X e H U e n 0 MMK-
pOKOCMM'4eCKOMy KPYIY (HAM IIOBOPOT Koneca 3 a K 0 -
~ a, M
) AAR 3TMX L J e ~ e f iAOCTaTOYHO ~ e 6 o ~ b m o '4MCAa
r o
06opo~on.
B mysae H O Y H O ~ OC ~ M ~ M ~ B ~ ~ X c~AHe AWy e TI ,n p a K -
TMKOBaTb MeTOA, o I I H c ~ H H ~ IB~ A ~ C X T OI'AaBe.
~ Tor~a
MOXHO 6 y ~ IIOAHOCTbIO
e ~ M ~ ~ ~ B M T O~TC3TOI'O.
X
M e ~ o p , o wy e H w n yeii c u b 1 HMO-
BOCII~OM~BO@
X e H B U I ~ C T OI'AaBe
~~ M OH COCTOHT B HaIlpaBAeHMM no-
AOXMTeAbHOI'O OrHX (XU XO) BBepX, a OTpMlJaTeAbHOI'O
OI'HR ( U H b XO) BHM3, ' I T O ~ ~nIp e 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ a T b BOCnl)OM3-
BOAJIUJylO CMAy BO BpOXAeHHyIO XH3HeHHOCTb. BLI
A O A X H b I O ' t e H b BHMMaTeAbHO P a C C M O T P e T b IlPMBeAeH-
H b I e BbILUe V e T b l p e M e T O A a , T a K V T O ~ MMeTb
~ I B03MOX-
HOCTb C K O M ~ H H M ~ ~HX
B ~ T ~ ~ @ @ ~ K T M B H o I ' on p M M e -
AAR
H ~ H M R .M CAM B ~ nI p e y c n e e T e B TOM, B a r n C T ~ H ~no-
T
HRTHO 6 o ~ b 1 1 1 e ItOAOBMHbI B c e f i HayKM aAXMMMM.

Bonpoc: n o > ~ a n y h c ~HayYMTe

a, MeHR, K a K o c ~ o 6 o x ~ a ~ bOT
c n
O H e M e H M I l B HOI'aX, KOTOpOe M e U I a e T M H e , KOI'Aa R CMXCY
B MeAMTarJMM.

X H ~ H ~AbIXaklMe
OTB~T: H H O LJMpKYAMpYeT
~ B CeTM, oGpa3ye~oii
BOCeMblO rAaBHbIMM 3HepI'el'M'ieCKHMH K a H U a M M C OC-
Cbl l@O B OCHOBa-
HOBaHMeM B CMePTHOM 3 a T B O p e ( ~ 3 %
HMM n e ~ ~ c aC
) .~ e p x y3 ~ cae T b c n n s a ~ ac MOSTOM, a
BHM3y - C IlOAOUIBaMM HOT. A ~ I X WAHH ~~ OHaKaIIAMBa-
 1. B A O ~ H M T Y~ ,T H aI n p a B M T b X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXa-
O ~ ~
HMe B K W a A y n p a B A e H M R ay MO B nO3BOIi0'4HOM C T O A ~ ~ ,
HaYMHZiA O T e r O OCHOBWMR BBepX B M03I'.
2. 8~ I A O X H M T ~' 4, ~ 0 6 6 1OnyCTMTb X M 3 H e H H O e AblXa-
HMe B K W Z U ~ e h c ~X ~3 H~b MO r r ( L i n e p e ~ MT n \ a ) M B e p -
HyTb er0 K nOAOCTM CMePTHOCTM B OCHOBaHMM 1ICIIMC;L
3. ~ A O X H M T ~q, ~ 0 6 b 1 nOAH5ITb e r O no KaHZUy A e k c T -
BMX X 3 H b M O O T nOAOCTM CMeQTHOCTM A0 nOAOCTM >KM3-
HeHHOCTU (HAM H W H e I ' O a a ~ ??WHX)
b M A0 nynKa, rAe
no 06e CTOQOH~In y n K a H~YMHXTCII aaii MO HAM onon-
c b l ~ m y KWU,
~ h 06pmyn norrc, o x ~ a ~ b l ~ m XM-
y ~ i i
BOT, M T a M X M 3 H e H H O e AblXaHMe p a 3 A e n r l e T C R t I a ABe
'4aCTM, K O T O p b I e AOCTMralOT nORCHMyb1 M O T T y A a MAYT
BmpX K 0 6 0 n~A e q~a M , r A e M OCTaHaBAMBWTCX.
4. ~ ~ I / + O X H M qTT~0,6 b 1 A a T b e M y CTeYb C o G o ~ xITAes
( R~ HI C
BHM3 B I I O A O X M T ~ A ~ H ~K~ M ~ ) K W a C HaPY>I<HbIX
CTOPOH O ~ O M X~ ~ ~ I R c AT0 M
CQeAHMX
~ IIaAbrJeB, A0 TOrO,
K a K AOCTM'ib Y e H T p a o 6 e ~ xA W O H ~ ~rAe
~ , O H 0 OCTaHaB-
AMBaeTCR.
5. BAOXHMT~,q ~ 0 6 b 1HOAHHTb X H 3 H e H H O e AblXluiMe
OT YeHTpa o 6 e ~ xA U O H ~ B~ 0 T p M y a ~ e ~ b ~ b (l M
i iH ~ -
CK&) K~H;Mc B H Y V H H U X C T O ~ O H0 6 0 3~a ~
n R c ~ ~AO
G
V y A M , l'Ae O H 0 OCTWaBAMBaeTCR.
6. B b r ~ o x t i ~ q~ ~e o, 6 b 1H a I I p a B M T b X M ~ H ~ ~ I AHb lO
x a~-
H M e BHM3 K OIlORCbIBalOIIJeMy K a H a A y , r A e COeAMHRIOTCR
BHOBb e r O A B a OTBeTBAeHMX, IlpeXAe q e M B e p H y T h C R I3
IIOAOCTb CMeQTHOCTM.
7. RAOXHMT~, 9 ~ 0 6 b 1 nOAHIlTb er0 OT IIOAOCTM
CMeQTHOCTM B ~ ~ O H M ~ ~ I B X O U~J O
MKG O B OK ~m~a A VYH MO
A0 IIOAOCTM w H ZYH ( C O A H ~ ' L H OC~ ~ A ~ T ~ HIIOA
M ~C)e p A -
geM, rAe OHO O C T ; H ~ ~ ~ A U B ~ ~ T H
CMX ;B K o e M c A y t j a e OHO
H e A O A X H O IIOAHMMaTbCR BbIUIe CepAIJa.
8. B b r ~ o x n ~Y
~ T
e ,O ~ H
~ aIn Q a B M T b ero M3 TOYKM n o A
C e p A r J e M B H H 3 K IIOAOCTM CMCPTHOCTM, rAe O H 0 AeAMTCH
H a A B e Y X T M , Y T O ~ OnYCTMTbCH
~ I B A B a nOAOXMTeAbHbIX
(RHCKMX) K a t i a a , MAY y M X C H a p y X H b I X C T o p o ~6 e ~ e p
M ~ e p e 3naAbrp.1 H o r , n p e m A e q e M A O C T M Y ~y e H T p a no-
OY MUEHME BOCbMM SHEPI'ETMYECKVIX KAHAAOB 73

AOIIIB HOF, Ha3blBaeMbIX "MCKPXLLJMCCX IIPYXMHXUJM~"

IIOAOCTM (?OH Y H l Z H b R1) , r A e O H 0 OCTaHaDAMBaeTCX.
9. BAOXHHT~,q ~ 0 6 b 1IlOAHXTb eTO O T IlOAOUlB H O r B
IIOAOCTM OTpMJJaTeAbHbIX KaHar\OB UHb l53XO H a BHYTPeH-
HMX CTOPOHaX HOT A0 nOAOCTM CMePTHOCTM H O T T y A a
IlOAOCTM XM3HeHHOCTM (HMX~ n y n ~ a ) ,rAe O H 0 OCTa-
HaDAMBXTCX.
10. B b r ~ o x ~ M ~s ~
e 0, 6 b 1 OIIYCTMTb em C nOAOCTM
XM3HeHHOCTM K IIOAOCTH CMePTHOCTM, rAe O H 0 OCTaHaD-
AMBaeTCX.
> K U ~ H ~ H H AOb~I X W M e AOAXHO JJMPKYAMPOBaTb BO
BCeX BOCbMM 3HePreTMYeCKMX KaH;MaX &M TOI'O, '1~06bl
O C B O ~ O A H TBCe
~ nOAOCTM OT OTPMlJaTeAbHblX 3 a q J X 3 H e -
HUG, KOTOPbIe MeUIWT IIPMTOTOBAeHMH3 30AOTOr0
3AMKCMPa. ECAM 0nMC;IlIHOe BbIUlC YlIpZUKHeHMe BbInOA-
HXTb e X e A H e B H O M 3aCTaBMTb X M 3 H e H H O C T b B M ~ P M P O -
B a T b B K a H U a X , TO 3 T 0 I I O K m e T , ' I T 0 OHM OYMIIJeHbI O T
OrrpMr)aTeAbH bIX ( M H ~ C K M X ) He'IMCTOT.
ECAM OHM H e OYMUJetlhl, T O r A a HeAb3X 6 y ~ MCKAIO-
e ~
'IMTb OTPMJJaTeAbHbIe He'IMCTOTb1 M n p M 3 T O M HeAb3II 6y-
A e T c o 6 p a ~ b~ ~ \ x M M M ' I ~ c K 3AeMeHT.
M~~ Aaxe eCAM 6 6 1
3TOT 3 A e M e H T 6 ~ CO1 ~ P~W , M3'%&0 HeB03MOXHO 6 y ~ e ~
C03AaTb X M 3 H e H H O r O 3AMKCMPZ Ha 3 T 0 H a 0 0 6 p a ~ ~ ~
oc06oe BHMMNMe.

Bonpoc: B ~ ronopmw
I o c ~ o 6 p ~ oL JkM P K ~ M ~ M M
XM~H~HHO~O
AbIXaHMX B BOCbMM 3HePreTM'IeCKHX K X f a r \ a X , HO K X -
~blfi pa, K O r A a X XOTeA CMAeTb IIOAOAbIIIe B n 0 3 e MeAM-
TarJMH, O H e M e H M e MOHX H O r n P e n R T C T B O B 2 A O 3TOMY.
n o X a r \ y f i c ~ a , Hay'IMTe M e H X , K a K n 0 6 o p o ~ b3 T 0 OHeMC-
HMe.

OTB~T:
K o r ~ aBbI CMAMTe B MeAMTaLJMM M 'IyBCTByeTe, ' I T 0 HOrM
OHeMeAM, 3 T 0 IIPOMCXOAMT O T TOrO, ' I T 0 BbI H e IlpMBbI-
KAM K 3 ~ 0 klS03e. O H ~ M ~CTaHOBMTCX
HM~ HCIIePeHOCM-
MbIM, IIOTOMY YTO 3 T a n 0 3 a CO3AaeT AaDAeHMe, BbIKAIO-
Y a e T KpOBeHOCHbIe COCyAbI M 3 H e P r e T M ' I e C K M e KaHar\bI, M
TaKMM c6pa30~AMUIaeT K p O B b M X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXXfMe
C B ~ ~ O A HLJMPKyMLJMM.
O ~ ~ ECAH BbI XOTMTe CnpaBMTbCII C
3 T H M , BbI AOAXHbI 3 a K P b I T b P O T M n e P e C T a T b AbIIUaTb,
J a T e M n 0 ~ H x T bH o l y M C q K H y T b ~ R T K Ono
~ 3 e u e , 3a-
T e M BAOXHyI"I', Y T O ~ n
~ 0IA H I I T b X M 3 H e H H O e A b I X W M e OT
IJeH7Cpa nOAOUIBb1 H O W 'lepe3 K W a A b I U l t b Y3XO (C BHYT-
peHHMX CTOPOH 6 e ~ e p )BBepX A 0 LJeHTpa H M X H e r O a a l t b
mRWR M 3 a T e M BbIAOXHYTb, '1~06b1 OnYCTMTb er0 BHM3 I10
K a H a A a M X H ZjXO (C ~ a p y X ~ 0CTOpOHbI
fi H O ~ ) K LJeHT-
paM lIO,4OIIIB.
~ O B T O ~ M3 TT0 ~y n p a . X H e H M e HeCKOAbKO p a , M OHe-
M e H M e MCYe3HeT.
 PMBA IV

COEiMPAHME MMKPOKOCMMUECKOTO BHELUHErO

AAXMMMYECKOrO SAEMEHTA'

Y e ~ o o e q e c ~ oT e A o n o ~ o 6 ~A eop e n y 6e3 ~ o p ~ eMi i

O H 0 OnMpaeTCX MCKAIO'IMTeAbHO H a A b I X W M e , 3aMeHIIIO-
gee M KOPHH M BeTBM. ) K H ~ 'H
I e A~O B e K a n o ~ o 6 CHO-
~a
BMAeHMIO, no~o6~ a
BbIAOXy, K O T O ~ H
~ eI ~I'apaHTMpyeT,
' r T 0 IlOCAe H e r 0 HaCTynMT BAOX, M C ~ ~ O A H I I I I I H M
A e~H b H e
KiPiLHTMPYeT HaCTYnAeHMe 3aBTpWHeW AHII. ECAM
XM3Hb I I p o m A a 6 e c q e ~ b ~
M oC M e P T b IIpMUIAa, K a K BCer-
Aa, HeOXMAWHO, Tor# KOCTM PaCCbIII AIOTCII, 4' eTbIpf2
3 A e M e H T a ( M ~ T W A , AepeBO, BOAa M O ~ O H ~PaCCeIOTCR
) H
 BOCTOK
~epe~o
p a ~ y u n b Ayun
~e
xapa~~ep Q Cesep
WP
CePAUe ~e~ann
~ n M e A y W n

soAa
Ten0
U3HH
3a6~yx~aroqeec1l c o 3 ~ a ~ uMAM
e M ~ I C A(CM.
~ puc. 9)
n e p e k ~ Be ~
Apyl')IIO @ O ~ M YCyrrJeCTBOBaHMIl, H e 3 H m K a -
K O O~ ~ A W KOHO n p w e T B c A e ~ y I O r r J e i i X C M ~ H M .
T ~ pO>ICAeHMe
K M C M e P T b 6 y A y ~C M e H I l T b A P Y r A p y r a
B 6 e c ~ o ~ e q ~IIOCAeAOBaTeAbHOCTM,
o i i a X M B O e CyrrJeCT-
BO 0CT;IlIeTCII B HeBeAeHMM, M 6 y ~ BHOBb
e ~ M BHOBb H a -
CASKAaTbCX I I p a 3 ~ ~ 0 fAeHOCTbIO
i 6e30 B C R K O ~H w e > l < A b I
IIPOCHYTbCR &M P ~ ~ ~ \ ~ H o c T M .
T e n e p b , K O r A a BbI YCAbILUaAU 0 A p a r O y e H H O M yqe-
HUM, H e YXOAMTe I I p O q b C IIyCTbIMM P y K a M M . ECAM BbI H e
IIpMCAyLUat?TeCb K H e M y , B a M H e ~ 3 6 e x a 6
~ ob ~ e 3 ~ eMG
CMePTM, K O r A a Bb1 COCTapMTeCb M P a C T P a T M T e TaKMM 06-
p a 3 0 M CBOIO X M 3 H b B M U p e A I O A ~ ~~ O
. ~ T O MIIPMMMTe
Y
cKopee perueHne u n p ~ c ~ y n a i Ki ~cee p b e s ~ o kT p e H u -
P O B K e . H a q u ~ a r lC 3TOTO M O M e H T a BbI AOIUIWbI X M T b
e ~ w ~ oMi ~i I C A ~ K J B: a r n u rrZa3a M YLUM AOAXHLI o T c r p a -
HXTCII O T M H O ~ O O ~ ~'4yBCTByeMbIX
~ ~ H R O~X~KTOB. me-
r y ~ ~ p y kCBOIO
~e AMeTy; YMeHbrUMTe l'lPOAOUCl4TeAb-
HOCTb C H a ; B03AeP>KMTeCb O T n y c ~ o k~ O A T O B H WM HaCMe-
LUeK; I I e p e C T a H b T e A y M a T b M COKPyLUaTbCIl. O ~ 6 p o c b ~ e
H 3 H e X e H H O C T b M I I e p e C T a H b T e OTAMYaTb KpaCMBOe OT
H e K p a C M B O r O , T a K , V T O ~ ~BbI
I MOrAM, 1 1 0 ~ 0 6 ~IJHKaAe,
0
nu~amyeiicxpocoii, c o x p m u ~ bc B o e T e A o ~esarprrs-
HeHHbIM M n o ~ 0 6 ~
Y eop e n a x e , ~ O ~ A O ~ XW Ye H~- ~
H3H
HOCTb M3 COAHe'IHOrO CBeTa, HaCAZlXAaTbCR ~ o ~ r XoMk3 -
HbIo.
B ~ AOAXHbI
I C O ~ H P ~X T
M 3~H e H H O e AbIXillIMe no y T -
p a M M C Y ~ A C I M M ~ ~ero
B ~BeYepOM;
T ~ eCAH BbI H e 6y~e~
npar<TMKOBaTbCR, TO YnyCTMTe CBOe C'4aCTbe.
~ O ~ T O MaAXUMWl
Y COCTOMT, BO-IlepBbIX, B Y n p a B A e -
HHM C e p A I J e M ( M ~ C T O Mn pe6a1~aO
~ ~~HnR ) ,T a K ~ ~ 0 6 b
er0 I l e p e C T U M BOAHOBaTb C e M b YYBCTB, KaKOBbIe - yA0-
BOAbCTBMe, r H e B , C O X a A e H M e , P W O C T b , A I O ~ O B ~H, e H a -
BHCTb M X e A a H M e . T ~ K >BbIrOHMTe
K~ M3 ce6x IIRTb B O P B
( 3 p e ~ ~ CAYX,
e , O ~ O H I I H M ~BKYC
, M O C R ~ ~ H M UleCTb
~); Op-
I'WOB 'IYBCTB AOAXHbI 6 b 1 ~ bCAeAaHbI HenOABMXHbIMM M
BOCnpOU3BOARYZ4J3 CMAa H e A O A X H a A e r K O ~ 0 3 6 y x ~ a ~ b
CR.
~ R T ~ IBOpaMM
O RBA5lIOTCR: r A a 3 , YXO, HOC, R3bIK M
TeAO. K o r ~ ar A a 3 a BMART OOPMY, T o r @ A I ~ ~ OK BH~ ~ G
Kpac\eT BOCnpOU3BO@uJyIO CMAy; K O r A a YUIM CA6IUlaT
3ByK, TO C l p e M A e H M e K H e M y ~ 0 3 6 y X ~ aBOCnpOM3BO-
e~
@rrJYIo CClhY, KOl'Aa HOC B A b I X Z T G~aroyxa~ue, er0 BAe-
Y e H H e P a C C e M B X T BOCIlpOM3BO@yyIO CUAy; KOl'Aa R3bIK
O r r J y r r J Z T BKyC n M y M , IIPMBR3aHHOCTb K ~ e MkC T O Y X T
BOCnpOM3BO@llJyIo CMAy; M K O r A a TeAO O C I I 3 X T , B03HM-
KaeT oTyneHwe, yee
~anocrr B p e A ~ o c n p o ~ 3 ~ oye6
c y i CM-
Ae. ECAM n03BOAMTb 3TMM nRTM B O p a M U A H e M M HO'IbIO
BpeAMTb TeAy, YTO Xe T O r A a OCTaHeTCR OT BOCnPOM3BO-
~ R r r J e i iC M A ~ I ? ECAM O H a Y T e K a e T n p O Y b , AyX
~e~36em
6 y ~ PaCCeMBaTbCR
e ~ M TeAO n o r ~ 6 ~ Ye Y~ ~. H MAK
OAXeH
CMOTPeTb H a CBOe TeAO K a K H a r O C y A a p C T W , a H a BOC-
n p o ~ 3 n o ~ x y y 1 0cmy, K a K H a
ero H a c e A e H n e .
H e ~ o s 6 y x ~ e ~~ocnpo~3no@yarr.
~ax c M A a o6ecne-
~ b HaCeAeHMII, a n O A H O T a A y X a M
Y M B Z T 6 e 3 o n a c ~ o c AAR
X M 3 H e H H O r O AbIXaI-IMR YBeAM'IMBaeT ITPOLJBeTaSIMe C q a -
Hbl. ~ O A O ~ H Xe
~ I M 06pa.30~B CBOeM MCKmMM 6ecc~ep-
TMR, YeAOBeK A O A X e H xpa6po C p a X a T b C R C B p a r O M , YTO-
6a1 06pec~uB p o X A e H H y I o XU3HeHHOCTb.
Bonpoc: Y TO 0 3 H a ' I W T TePMMHbl " ~ U O X M
OCHOBY"
T~ (w
( A~X"H b Zj32.4)
Zj3U) M " C ~ M O O ' I H ~ ~ H H ?
OTB~T:
Hepep, " 3 a K A a b l B a H M e ~OCHOB~I" AyX ~ A J O K A BOBHe
~ ~ T B
n0HCKa.X O ~ W K T O B 'IYBCTB, XM3HeHHOCTb PXCeMBaeTCII
M y a . a p;uaarmca. Bar
~ o c n p 0 ~ 3 ~ 0 ~ xcma AOAXHLI
C Y ~ A M M M ~ TPM
~ B ~ApaI'OIJeHHblX
T ~ 3AeMeHTa, a MMeHHO
BOCIlPOM3BO,&iIIJYIO CMAy ( Y ~ U I C ) , XU3HeHHOCTb (XM3-
H e H H O e A b I X w M e ZjU) M &yX (ZU3Hb) AAII TOrO, ' I T o ~ ~ I
BOCCTaHOBHTb I l e P B O H a Y U b H y I O CUAy. 6 y ~ e ~
OCHOBWM~
3 U O X e H 0 , KOrAa 3TM TPM 3 A e M e H T a CQeAHHIITCII; TOAb-
KO T O r A a M O X e T 6 b 1 ~ bAOCTMI'HYTO 6ecc~epue.
TO OCHOBaHMe IIOAHUMeT BaC OT MMPCKOrO K CaK-
P a h b H O M y , 39 AeCXTb MeCIIrJeB YCnOKOHT B;UU AYX, 39 &e-
BXTb -AeCIITb MeCIILjeB lIO3BOAMT BaM OTKa3aTbCII OT
CHa, 3a A e M T b MeCIIrJeB O C B O ~ O & M TBaC OT n u y M M nM-
TbII, M A X T BaM H ~ B O ~ M ~ T UAyX,
M ~ ~I 0~ ~ 0 p b lnpMBeAeT
fi
K ITOCTORHHOMY C ~ O K O ~ ~ C T B M H ) .
ECAM Xe X M 3 H e H H O e AblXaHMe OqMIljeHO, O H 0 YCTa-
HOBMTCII, M nomepmaHux ero B TeveHMe coTeH M
TbICRq 3 n O X H e HYXHbI 6 y ~ (yY ~~ ~ W H ~ H M BO
I ~ BAbIXa-
)
HUM M BbI&bIXaHMM.
ECAM AyX O'IMUJeH, OH 6 y & e ~H e M a T e p M U b H b l M . OH
CTaHeT C B O ~ O A H ~ I M
OT BIIAOCTM, B ~ I ~ M B ; U O COHAM-
Y~~
n o c ~ b ,MAM A a p y e T cno6oay OT n o 3 6 y q e ~ ~ 1sb13braaro-
1,
yero 61iym~anne~ b ~ c ~ e i i .
TO 3 a K A M b l B a H M e OCHOBbl A a e T B03MOXHOCTb X H 3 -
HM M M T b M CTOAbKO, CKOAbKO 6 y ~ CyYeCTBOBaTb
e ~ ~e60
M 3eMAII, H IIPMDeAeT K OBAZl,4eHMIO CKPXWCTeCTBeHHbI-
MU C ~ O C O ~ H O C T R M MKOTOPbIMM
, BAWeloT 6 e c c ~ e p ~ b r e .
~ O A
3aKAil,4bIBaHMeM OCHOBbI nOAOXMTeAbHOr0 AyXa
n o ~ p a 3 y ~ e n a e ~ncp se K p a y e H u e McTerenm noAoxn-
T ~ A ~ HB O
O C ~ Y ~ (IIH
~ ~ P O H ~ B O CMAbI ~ ~ Zj3UH) M CO3Aa-
HMII TaKMM n Y T e M 30AOTOrO 3AUKCMPa. Bce 3 T O r 0 AOCTM-
raeTCII n p M 3 a K A ~ b I B a H M HOCHOBbl.
T e ~ oc,e p A r J e M ~ b l c H~ ~b ~ ~ I B ~ K W".rpew
CII ce~ek-
CTB~MM" (cam FR), a ~ o c n p o ~ 3 ~ 0 ~ 1 1cma, ya.a x u 3 -
COEMPAHME BHELUHErO AAXMMMYECKOrO 3AEMEHTA 79

H e H H O e A b l X W M e M AYXOBHOCTb H a 3 b I B W T W I TpehlH W -
KpOBHIljaMM (CUM@ 6ao) HAM TpeMX O C H O B H W H 3Ae-
MeHTaMM (Calcb K X ~ H ~ )
T e ~ o , cepArJe M M ~ I C A ~
npeACTaBMm OCHOBY
(CXY),a B O C n p O M 3 B O ~ y a J lCMAa, X M 3 H e H H O e AhIXZ5lHe
B M ~ C o e ~ m e n n e~ p e x
M A Y X O B H O C T ~ - A ~ ~ ~ C T (m).
3AeMeHTOB B eAMHOe LJeAOe C O 3 A X T 3AHKCHP b p
TKII.
Tpem 3AeMeHTaMM LiAM @ ~ K T o ~ ~ MMM
O X H O JIIP;IB-
N l T b M B e P H Y T b MX K eAMHOMY HCTO'IHMICY TOAbKO n p M
yCAOBMR C ~ O K O ~ ~ MH ROC~H~O ~nyCTOTbI. K o r ~ aC e p A r J e
C B O ~ O A H OOT BHeUIHerO, AYXOBHOCTb M C y y H O C T b CCWAH-
HRloTCR. A KOrAa TeAO C ~ O K O ~ ~ HC O
e K, C y a A b H m 3 H e p r W I
M C T ~ X T M norauleHbI. K o r ~ aM ~ I C AAOBOAMTU~
~ AO CO-
CTORHMR RCHOCTM M ~ ~ ~ ~ U T ~ X H O CT O
T rM
A a, TPM @ ~ K T O -
pa CMeUIMBWTCA BOeAMHO. Koraa CTPaCTb M n p p o A a
COeAMHeHbI, T O r A a 3 T 0 Ha361BaeTCR COeAMHeHMeM M e T a -
A a ( ~ U H D )M A e p e B a (MY). K o r ~ a~ o c n p o ~ 3 ~ o ~ m 1 1 j a s 1
C M a M AYXOBHOCTb W e A M H e H b I , 3 T 0 Ha3bIBaeTCII C M e m H -

T O r A a TPM X H 3 H e H H b I X AbIXWMR, OAHO BOCTOKa H &Ba

lora ~ ~ ' ~ ~ A U H X I O M
TCo R6 p e ~ a mnRTePWqHOCTb
~ (CM. &M
nORCHeHMR PHC. 9). ECAM TeAO H e @ H ~ a e T C R , T O r A a OA-
HO X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXaHMe C e B e p a M Y e T b I p e 3aIIaAa 633-
eAMHRIOTCX, 06pa3yx nOAHyIO nRTepMIJJ'Jy. ECAH MYCAb
HeABMIKMMa, TO LJeHTP IlOpOX+jXT We IIRTb XGl3HeH-
A~IXWM~~.
H ~ I X
 ECAMTeAO, CepArJe M MbICAb BCe HeABMXMMbI, T O r A a
TPH c e ~ e f i c ~B ~ c Tap e q m T c X , 4 ~ 0 6 6 1 n o p o ~ ~6ec-
~ b
C M T fi
~ ~ b1 H 3 a p O h b1 IIl.
C ~ a q a AO
a A H a TOAbKO X M 3 H e H H O C T b AeAMTCX H a
'IaCTM, nOAOiJCMTeAbHyJ0 M OTPMIJaTeAbHYIO, KOTOPbIe,
3 W X B OIIpeAeAeHkiOe IIOAOXeHMe, 3aTeM IIOpOXAatOT
IIXTb 3AeMeHTOB, ~ a > ~ ~ bB IOfI Iip e A e A e H H O M M e C T e . ~ O C -
A e 3 T O r O 3 A e M e H T 3CMAM CTMMYAMPYeT 3 A e M e H T M e T U -
A a , q ~ 0 6 b 1T O T PZBMBaACX, ' I ~ 0 6 b l 3 A e M e H T A e p e B a npo-
IJBeTaA, 3 A e M e H T BOAbI IIOKOMI\CX, a 3AeMeHT OrHX -
npeKpaTMncx.
h M I I l b CBXTbIC M MYAperJbI IIOCTMrAM MeTOA n e p e B 0 -
p a q M B W M X H a I I p a B A e H W ABMXeHMX XM3HM, 'IT0661 lsep-
HYTb ee K MCXOAHOMY MCTO'IHMKY. ,&U BOCCTaHOBAeHWI
OAHOrO MCTO'IHMKO OHM n o ~ 6 ~ pIIXT~',
w ~ HXTpaMBa-
IOT ' I e T b ~ ~ C O ,~ M P X T TPM4 H COeAMHXJOT
e ~ A ~ a-
5 3TM
BMAOM3MeHeHMI 0 ~ ~ XM3HeHHOCTH.
0 6 ~ O T O M
'ITO,
~ eC-
AM T e A O H e ABMraeTCX, BOCIIpOM3BOAHya.H CMAa o6~~ae.r
A O C T ~ T O ' I H O ~MOUJHOCTbIO,
~ ~ T O ~ LI l IO B e p H y T b 3 A e M e H T
BOAbI o6pa~~
K o
ee MCTO'IHMKY. ECAH CePAJJe H e BO3MY-
UJeHO, T o r h a X M 3 H e H H O e AblXaHMe 6 y ~ AOCTaTOlrHO
e ~
CMAbHbIM, s ~ o 6 b rI I O B e p H y T b k l a 3 a 3 A e M e H T O W X .

' Y-pbMH W C T a B I U I l o l y U M U RBAJllUl'Cfl: TCAO. AblX;LHUC. p a 3 y M H b l e U XUBOTHbIC

A y l U U , CUMBOAU3UPYeMblC COOTBeTCTBeHHO 3 A C M e H T a M U BOAbl, O M , A C p e B a U M e -
T W a Y e T b I p e X OCHOBHblX TOYeK MUKPOKOCMUYeCKOI'O Kpyl'a: m, CCBep. BOCTOK U
3anw. ECAU
q e T b l p e coenulimoTcn c ~ A ~ M ~ H T O 3emu
M B geqe, ~ a r o p b ~ nt ip q -
CTaBIUICT MblCAb ( K O I U J ~ ~ ~ L J U K ) )T,O J T O HZ3blBaeTCfl T ~ ~ M o HY U
m I~P e~ X KOMIIO-
Hem. B TpaKTaTe C UH - M U H ry6 X U CKa3aHO: "Kor~aF A a 3 a nCPCCTaKrT BU-
A e T b , T O r A a CUAa A y X a H U O A U T C f l B n W e H U ; KOrA'd Y l u U IlepeCl'aEUT C A b l w a T b , TOT@
B O C q O U 3 B O A X l y M CUAa HaXOAUTCfl B H U ) K H ~ 'IPCTU ~ X U B O T q K O r A a 113blK n e p e C T a e T
ABclraTbCfl, T O r A a CUAa A y X a H U O A M T C H B CCpAlJe; KOTAa HOC I T C P e C T a f f O ~ O H R T L ,
T o r A a XHBOTH~IC AYWU H ~ X O ~ B ACC ~~K U X . K o r ~ ar e r a l p e oprma 6y~y-rweep-
I I I e H H b l , T O r A a ' I e T b l p e KOMIlOHClWbl WeAUHITTCfl B LJeHTPe C 3 e M A C 6 " ( '0 CYYHOC-
TCI 8 0 3 B P a l y e H U R K n p U p O A e U XM~HCHHOCTM"-- 3TO l # ~ ~ ~ a M e H T & l b H b l 6 C e@leK-
K O B W ~A ~ O C C K UT~F a K T a T "0 T e o P U U B H ) T ~Z4XUMUU
~ H H ~ Z P U I U ~nepe6!).
( ~ ~~ U.
 ECAM CYUJHOCTHaJI I I p c i p O A a C ~ O K O ~ TOl'Aa
~ H ~ ,pa3yM-
H b I e AyWM ( X Y H ~ ) A e m a T CKpbITbIMM, Y T O ~ A
~ aIT b B 0 3 -
M O X H O C T b 3 A e M e H T y A e p e B a B e p H y T b c J l H a 3 U K MCTOY-
HMKY. ECAMC T p a C T b Y T M X X T , X U B O T H b I e AyUIM I I O K O p e -
HbI M 3 A e M e H T M e T U A a B 0 3 B P a U J X T C R .
ECAM Y e T b I p e 3AeMeHTa ( M ~ T W , AepeBO, BOAa M
O ~ O H ~HaXOAXTCR
) B r a P M O H M H , MbICAb H a n p a B A e H a H a
3 A e M e H T 3eMAM, K O T O ~ T~o Ir @
~ B 0 3 B p a Y a e T C R K MCTO'I-
HMKy. TO RBAReTCII B 0 3 B p a U J e H M e M BCeX n R T M X M 3 H e H -
HbIX ~ b 1 x w M kK CBOeMy MCTO'IHMKY B MO3rY ( M U dam),
'1TO 0 3 H a Y a e T O ~ W A M H ~ H'I'PeX
M ~ C O K P O B M Y B OAHO LJe-
Aoe ca~ooswrye~~~.
Bonpoc: A 'IUTar\ T'paKTaTbI Xy3k M M H U ~ M MH y 3 M ~ b
CR Hb 3 MH A Y H b OTHOCMTeAbHO ~AOKUPOB~WI
IIOAOBOI'O K w a a AAA OYMLIJeHMR B b I T e K W I I J e r O UXM-
MMqeCKOI'O 3 A e M e H T a A0 TeX n O p , n o K a Y e H H K H e y6e-
AMTCR B TOM, YTO OH B ~ I P ~ ~ ~ T ~ ~
IBaX
~TpC
~RhaM.p x
Cmk- AH^ T a m e CKa3a: "ECAM 3aHRTb1, CXBaTMTe OCTa-
TOK, Y T O ~ c~ oI 6 p a ~ b~ ~ e r u k 3i ~ ek~ e Z - iX~a"H.b ~>KYH-
AM CKa3iM: ''3~0
M eCTb ~ A O K M ~ O B ~IIOAOBOPO
H H ~ 3aTBO-
pa (IIU ZYUHb MAM OTBepCTMe H a KOHrJe ~ T ~ H M c ~ ) " . Y~H-
~ ~ 6 - r J 3 bC1K a 3 a : " C y 6 ~ u ~ r l b t p y k3 ~A e M e H T A0 TeX nop,
I I O K a BbI H e 6 y ~ e C~OeB e p U I e H H O YBepeHbI B HeM, U T o r -
A a BbI C M O X e T e C 0 3 A a T b MCTMHHYIO X M ~ H ~ H H O C T ~ " . H e A
3HPKOM C MeTOAaMM 6 ~ 0 ~ ~ p o ~ aI sI lo m
x U, ~ ~ C T ~H, a -
YYMTe M e H R .

OTB~T:
ha0-g3b1 CKa3U: " H H ~ M ~ HRBAReTCR
HO~ KOPHeM 6~aro-
POAHOrO M HM3KOe R B M e T C R O C H O B O ~BbICOKOrO.
~ ~PM-
O ~ P ~ T ~ HI IHM T
Oa H
~ U e M BOCCTasIOBAeHMe n o ~ o 6 a eHH3-
~
MeHHOMY M HM3UIeMY MeTOAy. TOT, K O T O P ~ IRBAReTCR
~
HM3MeHHbIM, P X C M a T p M B X T C R HXTaBHMKOM KaK He-
'ITO, M O l y U J e e 3 X T a M T b 'IeAOBeKa B C n b I X H y T b O T CTbIAa,
a TO, ' I T 0 RBAReTCR HM3UIMM, RBAReTCR q e M - T O , AeXa-
~ M HMa 3 e m e , 'ITO c A e A y e T n o m T b .
B C Ll H M u H r y 6 Y X M rOBOPMTCR: " ~ ~ C C M ~ P T H ~
IIpOUIAbIX B p e M e H O T K a 3 b I B U M C b O T K p b I T b 3 T 0 , IIOTOMY
9 T O 3 T 0 6 b 1 ~ 06 b 1 O'leHb CM~LLIHO". A a ~ u
b 3 h H 6 Ma-
CUT: " ~ O B O P H T 0
~ K O p H e ( H C T O K ~ ) CyrrJHOCTH M X H 3 H M ,
aT a m e 0 C M ~ P T H OIIOAOCTM
~ - 3aCTaDMAO 6 b 1 rOBOPX-

y t ? r O BCIIbIXHyTb OT CTblAa M, XOTX MeTOA O'leHb n\y60~,

OH M O X e T , BbI3BaTb IIpHCTyII C M ~ X ~ " .
~ A O K M ~ O B ~ nononor0
H M ~ K a H a n a AAX T O ~ O , 9 ~ 0 6 b 1
c o 6 y a ~ b~ b 1 ~ e K a I O y H fHi a p y X y 3 A e M e H T PaDHOCHAbHO
TOMY, 9 ~ 0 6 b lB b I p e 3 a T b H a I l M C b H a K ~ M ~ H HAO
O y~e ~
9Ke:
K a M e H O T e C I l p H M e H X e T HHC'IpyMeHT A0 TeX IIOP, n 0 K a
3HaKH H e 6 y ~ BblBeAeHbl
y ~ H a K a M H e H IIOCAe 3TOrO OH
TuJaTeAbHO nOAMpyeT HX. ECAH BOCIIPOM3BOARUJaJl CMAa
H e OlrHIJJeHa, T o r @ BpOXAeHH- X H 3 H e H H O C T b H e MO-
me-r p;uonTacsl, a ecm TO T a K , TO p a 3 ~ eB ~ cI M o x e T e
B H ~ I U H HM~H~K P O K O C M M ~ ~ C K 3AeMeHT,
c o 6 p a ~ b H~~ '1~06bl
MCnOAb3OBaTb B b l T e K W U J y t O BOCnpOM3BOAXuJylO XMA-
KOCTb ( C ~ M X ) ?
Bbl A O M H b l nOrpy3MTbCX ti0 BCe 3 T 0 , M KOrAa MMK-
~ K O C - M M ~ ~ C BKHM~ ~I U
~ H M3 A
~ e~M e H T 6 y ~ co6pa~,
e ~ Tor-
A a AyX (TO e C T b Bbl C ; ) ~ U I MI )I o ~ ~ M 3TO.
~T
ECAM B O C n p M 3 B O A X y a R M >tjH3HeHHaJl CMAP Y C T -
MTCX HapyXy, BbI3bIBaJl T p e I I e T 8 B a U l e M TeAe, Bbl
AOAXHbI I I p M X a T b c p e ~ ~ l lnar\eIJ
fi K IIOAOCTM CMePTHOC-
TM B OCHOBaHMH IIeHMCa, 9 ~ 0 6 ~YCTaHOBMTb
1 KOAM9eCTBO
n a r ~ e ~ a m y e~i io c n p o ~ 3 n o ~ ~CyMeA i~ Ii , a T a m e
ee oc-
TaBIUeeCX KOAMqeCTBO. T ~ K 06pa30~,
~ M O H a AeAMTCX H a
ABe 9aCTM: OAHY, BbIXOAXUJytO HapyXCJf B BMAe CeMeHH,
KOTOpOe M O X e T CO3AaTb IIOTOMCTBO, H A p y q l O , BO3Bpa-
IJJWlJJylOC5l B K a H U yIIpZU4AeHMR (ay A40 B nO3BOHO9-
HOM C T O A ~ ~ )rAe
, OHa 6 y ~ oe. r H~y e H a , q ~ o 6 b 1n e p e f i ~
B X H 3 H e H H O C T b , KOTOPaJl B ~ a r \ b ~ e f i I U e M
CMOXeT IIpe-
0 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~ bB 3AHKCMp ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T H R .
c ~
COBMPAHME RHEUlHEI'O AAXMMMYECKOI'O 3AEMEHTA 83

BO B T O P ~ rA=e CO'iMHeHMII y 3 M ~ bC H Hy ~
3Mti
h y ~ l'OBOPMTCI:
b " B O C I I ~ M ~ B O ~ I I YCHAa
~JI ( 2 5 3 ~ ~IIR-
)
AIICTCII CaMbIM A p a r O I J e H t I b l M 3AeMeHTOM B YeAORe'leC-
KOM ~ e ~B eKOTOPOM
, 3 a ~ ~ n s i cea ~
Ma ero xwntib M 6e3
KOTC~PO
VeAONeK
~ Y M M p Z T - , nOTOMy VTO 3TOT 3 A C M e t l T
IIMT~XT 1.1 n p e ~ o x p a c x eK~o p e l l l , cy y ~ o c ~ t r o 11i ~i M ~ O A I ~ I
H ~ e l f l 4 O i iXM31114. HU OAMH MMPHHMH H e 3EIaeT, KaK CO-
MI ,O'IMYaTb e r O .
:~A'U~TIT ECAM 011 MCTOlyZTCR, er0 IcUO
n O C C T ~ l 0 B M T b llpM 1lOMOllJH IIyOIJeCCa BOCnpOM3BOACT-
Ba; 3 T 0 lI'd3blBaeTCIl BOCCTaHOBAeHMeM BOCnPOM3BOAII-
ujek C M A ~ IMn y K p e n A e r i w n ~ o s r a " .
MOR KHMPB, XOTIl M HanMCaHHaJI B Pa3FOBOPHOM
c T u A e , T e M H e M e H e e n p e A t i a 3 t c a 1 i e H a AAH ~ c n o ~ b 3 0 n a -
I1HH Y'leHHKaMM, KOTOPble AOAXHbI n p ' l e C T b 3 T y l'Aa5y
O ' l e t l b BHUMaTeAbHO; AMIJa, O'leHb OAyXOTBOpt3HHble, KO-
T O P b l e CTpeMIlTCIl K nOCTORHHOMY I l p A B H X e H H H ) , AO-
CTMrHYT ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T a
HTI eI , , y KOTOPbIX M e H b U l e PeUIM-
MOCTU, CMOIYT, n o ~ P a G ~ eMf ie p , y&AMHMTb CPOK X M 3 -
HM M HaCAwMTbCR AOArOAeTMeM, KIOTOMy VTO 3 T a r A a 5 a
XBAIleTCII IJeHHbIM PYKOBOACTBOM no y A y ' l U e H U I o 3AO-
poBbII.
Hy, a T e n e p b CHOBa PaCCMOTPMM nPOLJeCC w6upa-
HMX M O ' l M y e H U R MHKPOKOCMM'leCKOl'O B H e U I H e r O U X M -
MM'leCKOPO 3AeMeHTa. A ~ ~ C T B C L TAH~ A3TOT
~ H3OA e M e H T
M O X H O C 0 3 A a T b M KaKOe B p e M AyYIIIe BCerO nO\XOAMT
AAII 3TOl'O ?
B ~ AOAXHbl
I H e TOAbKO 3 H a T b , KOl'Aa 3TOT 3 A e M e H T
co3~ae~c11,
HO T a m e p a 3 ~ ~ r ero
a ~ an p e w e s p e M e H H o e
M 3 a n 0 3 ~ a ~ oceo 3 ~ a ~ uT
e . ~ KaK
K OAHO A M I I I ~ r o A o e CO-
6wpa~~
H~e A O C T ~ I O I IXM3HeHHOCTH
J~~~ H e A X T HMKPKO-
r0 u36er~e~
P 3 y A b T a T a , Bbl H e e
CMePTM M BillZIM AOAI'Me
YCMAHII 6 y ~ Hy a n~p X H b I . ~ O ~ T O~ M
p a~f i ~B eZ H O CO-
3AZlBaTb M C Y ~ A M M M ~ M
~ M
BK~ PTO~K O C M U ' ~ ~ C K M ~
aAXUMM-
' 4 e c ~ M kB H ~ I I I H U3AeMeHT.
~~
~ ~ C C M ~ gao
~ T X
H y a~ ~ Ib - ~X HC K a 3 U : "... A Z e , e c A U
Bbl 3aHIITb1, p a c c ~ a 6 b ~ e cHeMHOl'O
b C~~AUMMPOB~-
HUH B H e U H e r O 3 A e M e H T a , ' l ~ 0 6 b 1 c o 6 p a ~ bBpO>KCZeHHYIO
 X M 3 l 4 e H H O C T b M3 Hcrlrero". ~ I O f i - 1 ~ 3 bCKa7aA:
l~ "He OC-
na6~11k~ Y Ce C I A M ~AO T e X 110P, n O K a M U K P O K O C M H Y ~ C K M ~
n t ~ e l r r ~ 3r A~ ekM e H T l i e 6 y ~ Co3Aakisl,
e ~ M AyX I r e y 6 e ~ n ~ c n
n ero H ; ~ I \ M Y M M . t l c ) ~ ,AYXOM, K O T O P ~ kI AOA>I<CI~y 6 e ~ ~ l - b
CR B IlaAM'iMM " ~ A X U M M ' ~ ~ C K ~O A~ C
O ? M ~ H TnOApX3yMC-
~"
R'XTCR 311;lklMe TOPO, HBAHCTCH AM IIPOIJCCC C03MAatlM>I
~ + + ~ K T M D H ~ IMAM
M IleT. UCAM O I I J ~ I I J ~ ~ I ~ICI C
HA O C T ~ T ~ K
>I<M3HellElOCTM, Bbl H e AOAXI1bI TOpOnAMRO t106l4pa.1.h
:3TOrP 3 A e M e H T , a AOA>l<llbl IlOAO>KAaTb, n O K a >1<1131+ekI-
IlOCTl nOAHOCTlrIO 13a:3oIZI,eTCR; TOAbKO IlOCAe 3T0r0
MOXIIO n p e o 6 p a s o l i ~ ~ I1~, ~ C I I ~ V M B R O A R LcI Jw~ ~
I OyB > I < M ~ -
I l e t i I l O C T b AAH Y K I l ~ l l A ~ l l M >MI O 3 r a .
~ M ~ I I C H H O C T I3
M OCIIOUHOM 6 6 1 AOCTaTOYHO
~ ~ ~ B
'1t'AORC"LeCKOM TeAt?, k t 0 O t I P P a C C e M B Z T C R M3-3a CeKCy-
a A b ~ 0 kHeC+$eP>KaHIlOCTM; M3-30 TOI'O Xe B03HMK;UJT ee
HeAOCTaTOYHOCTb. Y T O ~ BOCtlOAHMTb
~I 3 T y YTeqKy, ~ e o 6 -
XOAIIMO HCllOAb30BaTb M M K P O K O C M M ' ~ ~ C K MB~H ~ U I H M ~
~ / \ X M M M Y ~ C K3 A
H e~M e H T AAII BOCllpOM3BeAeHUH >I<M3HeH-
HOCTM B KOAMYeCTBe AOCTaTOYHOM AAII MCnOAb30BaHMH.
ECAM 3 A e M e H T He 6 y ~ :TUCTbIM,
e ~ HenOAAeAbHbIM M n 0 A -
HblM, K a K X<e M O X H O 6 y ~ MCnOAb30BaTb
e ~ er0 AAII BOC-
nOAHeHMR X M 3 H e H H O C T M ? ECAM CepALJe 0 6 a x ~ oCeKCy-
U ~ H ~ I M
>Kei\wweM, ~ocnpou3~0~11yaa c u h a 3arp113~11-
eTCR M IIepeXOAMT B n p w o 6 p e ~ e ~ ~ yn Or oA O B y t 0 X M A -
KOCTb ( c ~ M S I ) , KOTOPylO HeAb311 n P H M e H M T b B KaYeCTBe
MMKPOKOCMUqeCKOPO aAXMMMYeCKOI'0 BHeUlHerO 3Ae-
MeHTa. E C A ~>KM3HeHHOe A b I X a H U e 6 y ~ He e ~n O A H b l M ,
T O r A a 3 A e M e H T 6 y ~ MOAOAbIM
e ~ MC A ~ ~ ~ M I M€P
!O , HeAb3R
6 y ~ nep ~ B b3AMKCMP X M 3 H M . OTCIOA~
e o 6 p a 3 o ~ a ~ CAeAy-
e T H ~ O ~ X O A H M O CCY~AHMMPOBZ~HMII
T~ MMKPOKOCMMYeC-
KOI'O B H e U l H e r O 3 A e M e H T a .

B opuruiiarre H a n u c m o u h y - y 3 p , HO z o c K o p e e BWO onmama, ~ 6 uecb, 0 BM-

AMMO, UMeeTCfl B B U Y OCHOBaTeM B ~ A Y U B J ~CpeAHUe
~ BeKa TpaAMLJMM ~ ~ y r p e ~ ~
F M M M U narpuapx h I o 6 ( h I o k A~H-~HW, VIII-IX BB.), OAUH M3 3HaMeHMTbIX
B O C ~ M M6 e c c h n e p m b l x " ( n p u ~ e u nepet.).
.
 ~ O A O B OO p
~ r a H IlOA?IMMaeTCR M CTOMT H a n P R X e H -
H b l M T a K X e M n p M OTCYTCTBMM CeKCYZAbHOrO X < e A W M R ;
3 T 0 Rb13bIBXTCR n p u 0 6 p e ~ e ~ ~BoOi iC ~ ~ O H ~ B O A CM- H Y ~ ~ ~
~ o k ~, ~ 6 p ~ p y t o uBj e-reAe
k B n o u c K a x BalxoAa, a TaKxce
l l e n p a o u ~ b ~ oyk n p ~ y ~ n y u eokr H x B T e q e H u e naruefi
MeAMTayMM, K O T O p a H e A O C T M r X T n e H M C a M H e C n O -
c o 6 ~ aY n p a B A R T b MM.
R c . ~3 T 0 n p M B 0 A M T K H ~ O ~ X O A U M O C T M
npMMeHeHMfl
M e T O A a n p a 5 M A b H O r O A b I X W M R AAR 0 6 e c n e l r e ~ YMp-
~ ~
KyAHlJMM 6 b 1 c ~ p o r oO r H R BBepX M BHM3 no MMKPOKOCMM-
t l e c K o M y K p y r y M n p M B e A e t r M R ~ o c n p o ~ 3 ~ o c~M~~ yb l e k
U Ilt'lIOABMXIIOCTb, 'LTO B b 1 3 b l B X T C O K p a y e H M e nOAOB0-
1.0 O l ' r W a M I l p e K p a Y e I l M e YTe'lKM XM3HeHHOCTM. >TO
CeKpt'T C ~ ~ A M M ~ Y M~M0 , ~ 0 p b l3 akK A t o . l X T C R B OAHOM
" ; e c T b B J H ~ H M Mnpoyecca,
CAOIW " ~ I I ~ H M ~TO ~o~opark
3aBMCMT O T B O 3 p X T a y l i e H M K a U KOAMqeCTBa p X C e X H -
H O XM3HeHHOCTM
~ M H e A O A X e H npOM3BOAMTbCR HeOCO-
T O~. KKa K n O T e p R X U 3 H e H H O C T M MO-
3Hatlll0, C A Y ~ ~ ~ H
>KeT 6 b 1 ~ b~ O A ~ U IMAM
O ~ M U O ~ , BPOXiAeHHaSI X M 3 H e H -
HOCTb M O X e T 6 b l ~ b
A O C T ~ T O C ~ HHAM
O ~ H ~ A O C T ~ T O ~ HHO ~ ;
KaK n p u o 6 p e ~ e ~ T~am , B p O X A e H H a BOCnpOM3BOAH-
K M
y M e CMAbl M O I Y T 6 b l ~ b ,a M O r Y T M H e 6 b 1 ~ bp a c l p a q e H -
HblMM, n 0 3 T O M Y AAR P a 3 H b l X Y'IeHUKOB n p o I J e C C CY~AM-
MayMU 6 y ~ e . rH ~ O A M H ~ K O"B .
Bonpoc: B ~ YnOMMHaizM
I qMCAa, T a K M e , K a K 36 K ~ I C A O ~
(pa3b1
MAM 216 AAR BCeX UIeCTM +a3 IIOAHRTMR n O A O X M T e A b H 0 -
r O ( R H C K O ~ O ) OrHII, M 24 AAX K ~ > K + $ o ~MAM 144 AAR UIeC-
TM (pa3 O n y C K a H M R O T p M y a T e A b H O r O ( M H ~ C K O I ' O ) O r W ,
3 T 0 COCTaDAXeT 360 AAR K;WI<cSOrO n O A H O r 0 JJMKAa o6pa-
ILjeHMR l I 0 MMKPOKOCMM'IeCKOMY KPYIY. B ~ TI a m e CKP-
3aizM, '4TO 3TM 'IMCAa TOAbKO CUh4BOAMqHbI M H e 0 3 H a q a -
H)T O T C l I e T a 360 ~ b l x a H M k .Ha
~ a ~ 0OCHOBe
fi AOmKHa
6 b 1 ~ bn p o ~ 3 n e ~ ce y
~ a6 ~~~aym?
 ~O~TOMY:
K o r ~ aBbl BbIAbIXaeTe, BbI AO-
M H b I OTKpbITb (nu) A ~ I X ~ T ~ A ~ H ~ I ~
MeXaHM3M, q ~ 0 6 b 1 BO3AyX BbIIUeA
1.43 T e A a , O C A ~ H BA a B A e e u e H a H M ~
XMBOTa; B TOXe CaMOe BpeMII
BaIUM rAa3a AOAXHbI CAeAOBaTb
OIlYCKaHMm BOCIIPOM~BOAXJIILJ~~
CMAbI M XM3HeHHOCTM OT BepXyIU-
KM rOAOBbI A0 CaMOrO HM3& II03TO;
MY:
'Ibwa, ' I T O ~ ~3aMKHYTb
I Kpyr,

rn
B ~ AoAmHbl
I O ~ B ~ C T rM
a a 3 a M M OK-
PyXHOCTb:
Bce TO O ~ ~ I K H O -
BeHHO Ha3bIBaK)T
IIOAWMOM IIOAOXM-
I[*] rnasa D[WLO] TeAbHOrO M OIIyCKaHMeM OTPMrJaTeAbHOI'O
OrHX [ U H ~XO] . ~ P 3M
TOM BAOX, 3 a M b I K a -
HMe, IIOA'beM, OTKpbIBaHMC, BbIAOX M OIIyC-
Akul
npor~ecca.
K W M e IIBAXIOTCII @a3aMM aXMMM'IeCKOr0

TO KaCaeTCII BO3AyXOAyBHbIX MeXOB (m0 103), TO

OHM IIPMMeHXIOTCX &Ul IIOAHXTMII H OIIyCKaHMX. BpoXC-
AeHHaR X H 3 H e H H O C T b C03AaeTCX M HaKaIIAMBaeTCII I I p H
IIOMOIlJM 3TOFO AbIXaTeAbHOrO IIpOrJeCCa, B TO Bp'2MIl
KaK O r O H b B CePALJe M BOAa BHM3Y X M B O T a C M e I U M B m T -
CX. ECAM BOCIIPOM3BO@IIJaSI H X H 3 H e H H m CMAbI H e B M ~ -
PMPYIoT BHH3y XMBOTP, T O r A a H e T H ~ O ~ X O A M M O C T IIPH-
M
MCI-IXTb BHYTPeHHK)tO B03AYXOAyBKy. B~HTMAM~OB~HMC
llpCJM3BOAMTCII BAbIXalIHeM H BbIAbIXWMeM, a TaK Ha3bI-
B Z M b I e IIOAWM IIOAOXMTCAbHOrO II O n y C K W M e OTpMrJa-
TeAbHOrO OrHR, KOTCA M IIe'Ib, BBOUTCX B P a C C M O T P e H M e
TOAbKO IIOCAe TOrO, KaK BOCIIpOH3BObpJIILJZlB H X M 3 H e H -
HaR CMAhI Ha'IaAM ~ ~ 6 p ~ p o ~ a ~ b .
L U e c ~ b@a3 K a X A O r O MMKpOKOCMM'IeCKOrO LJMKAa
MMCmT CBOH IIOCTOXHHbIe II03MLJMM, 6e3 KOTOPbIX 3AMK-
CMP ~ ~ C C M ~ P THHeRM O X e T 6 b 1 ~ bIIpMrOTOBAeH. OHMH a -
' I M H W T nOAHMMaTbCX M3 nOAOCT1.L CMePTHOCTM A (y
KOPHII I l e ~ M c a ) B D M G (CM, pMC. 4), KOTOPbIe IIBAR-
IOTCII I'IepBbIM, BTOpbIM M T P e T b W nOAO>l<eHMeM n p t 4
IIOA'heMe, I.I 3 a T e M OIIYCKaMTCII BHM3 M3 G H a BePXyIIIKe
rOAOBb1 K J M A, K O T O p b I e IIBARIOTCX nep~ofi,B T O ~ OU ~ ~
npu c n y c K e .
T p e ~ b e f iI I O ~ M L J ~ M M Bce O H M RBARWTCR
IIIeCTbIO # a 3 a M M M M K p K O C M M ' l e C K O r O K p y r a .
npor~eccC O ~ M P ~ H M XMMKPOKOCMH'leCKOrO BHeUIHe-
r0 ZlAXMMM'IeCKOrO 3 A e M e H T a 3aKAIO'laeTCR B CAeAyIO-
Y e M : K O r A a BOCIIpM3BOA5iLlJ&!4 M XM3HeHHiLII CMhbI B M ~ -
PMPYIOT, HWaDMTe CPeAHMM nZ4bIJeM Ha IlOAOCTb
CMePTHOCTM, M K a K TOAbKO MX MeX'dHM3M Ha'iHeT ABU-
KlTbCII, BAOXHMTe M BbIAOXHMTe, '1~06bl C 0 3 A a T b h e r K ~ k
BeTepOK ( C Y N ~$ 3 ~MAM B ~ H T M A M P O B ~ H M K
~ )O, T O P ~ I ~
n o 6 y ~ t 4B~p O X A e H H b I e BOCIIPOM3BOAALIJYIO M XM3HeH-
H y I O CUAY IIOAHRTbCX BBepX n o ay M O ( B n03BOHOYHM-
~ e M) BHM3 n o X 3 H b M O ( B rOAOBe M C n e p e ~ ~ eCTOpO-
k
HbI V y A M M ~ e ~ aY)T, O ~ ~COBePlllMTb
I IIOAHOe BP;UIJe-
Hue.
B a m ~r A a 3 a , r o h o n a M HorM AOMH~I C~OCO~CTBO-
BaTb 3TOMy H ~ O ~ ~ I Y H OO b I V , K O T O ~ HBluIeTCR
MnY ~ I ~ ~ OA-
HMM M3 CaMblX 'IpyAHbIX AAII H a ' l H H ~ y M X .
O A H ~ KBbInOAHMB
O ero HeCKOAbKO pa3, BbI 6y~e~
aDTOMaTM'IeCKM IIPMHMMaTb IIpaBMAbHOe IlOAOXeHMe,
n o 6 y x ~ a eB ~
Aa>l<e H e 3 H W n O Y e M y M ' I T 0 X . K 3TOMY.
K o r ~ aKoneco 3 a ~ 0 (~@aa AyHb, MMKPOKOCMM'leC-
KasI op6w~a)C O B e p L U X T O ~ O P O T , 3 T 0 3aCTaBAReT BOC-
IIpOM3BO@uJyIO M >KM3HeHHyIO CMAbI MATM BtIM3 B K a H W
X 3 H b MO, Y T O ~ DepHYTbCR
~ I h~H b 1?WIHb.
B HCI>KHW~
BTO BCe C O B e P l l l a e T C R aBTOMaTM9eCKM. T o r ~ aB YeM
?T~
>Ice T ~ ~ A H O C
H w ~ o r ~H ae n b l ~ a f i ~ e ccbo 6 p a ~ bc~e>ltMfi B03AyX.
TO ~ ~ I A
6 bO
1 C ~ B ~ P L L I ~ H6He O
c c~ ~ b 1 a u g e f @R
i BOCIIOA-
HeHMR P W e R H M R R O C I I P O M ~ B O A R U J ~CMAbI
~ M BOCCTP-
H O B A e H W l XM3HeHHOCTM B T e A e . B ~ AOAXCHbl
I 0 6 p a ~ ~ ~ b
CX K I I P O C B e Y e H H O M Y M a C T e p y M IlOnpOCMTb er0 Ha-
 ~ Y M Tnac
~ nezmluy 6emeplcy (cyna $ 3 ~ ) .603ayxoay6-
HblU MeXaM (m0 103), M 3 a I l M P a H M I O M O T K P b I B a H M I O
( X UI ~ u )IIleCTM
, ( A K ) XOY),IlOAHXTMKl nOA01KM-

TCAbHOL.0 ( Z j 3 ~ l t b
X U ) , OnyCKaHMkO OTPMIJaTt'AbHOrO 3 A e -
M e w a M O M O ~ ~ H U (Ky) y lati).
Ronpoc: B ~ CI K a 3 W M ,
YTO ~eZKllfiAemepo~,I I p M M e H e H M C 6038~-
xoay6nbzx luexo6, s a n ~ p a M~ O~T Ke P L I B ~ M C ,L u e c T b +a3
I l O A l > e M a n O A O X M T e A b H O r 0 M OnYCKaHMX OTPMIJaTeAhHO-
ro oren, oluo6enue - nce TO OTHOCMTCX K MMKPOKOC-
MMYeCKOMY OYMIIJCHMIO. M H 3~T 0 XCHO, H O R 6 0 m c b , YTO
6 y ~ y y Y~Ye~ H M K MCTOAKHYTCX c TPYAHOCTXMM n p M 03-
HaKOMAeHMH C 3TMM. 9 H U e I O C b , YTO BbI Pa3'bRCHMTe
3T0 R KHMR H a 6 ~ a r o~ Y A Y I I J M M IlOKOAeHMXM T a K , YTO-
6 b 1 COMIIMTeAbHble YYMTeAX M CaMO3BaHIJbI H e CMOrAM
6b1 0 6 ~ a ~ M
y nOBeCTM
~ b no IleIlpaBMAbHOMy nyTM 6y~y-
UJMe IlOKOAeHMX.

OTB~T:
Aezrmii 6emepo~- TO n p ~ 0 6 p e ~ e ~ ~BAOX b l eM o b r ~ o x
sepes H O ~ A P M . K a x ~ o en o c T y n A e H M e cnexero ~ o s ~ y x a
T O A K a e T B B e p X n O A O X M T C A b H y I o IKM3HeHHOCTb ( X U Y U )
B K a H a A e YnpaBAeHMX aJJ MO B nO3BOHOYHMKe. TO Ha-
3bIBaeTCX IlOAHXTMCM.
n O c l \ e ~ y ~ o r r J ~ fBbIAOX
i C H M M Z T A a B A e H M e , T a K YTO
X M 3 H e H H O C T b MAeT BHM3 no K a H a A y 3;lYaTbX X 3 H b M 0 n0
n e p e ~ ~ eC TkO p O H e TeAa. TO Ha3bIBaeTCX OnyCKaHMeM.
K a x ~ b r knOA.beM IIpOMCXOAMT O T OCHOBaHMX nO3BOHOY-
H M K a AO nu 6anb MAM ~ m r a a, K a x A o e O n y c K a - i M e OT
M O 3 N AO IIOAOCTM CMCPTHOCTM ( W ~ HC b l Y OCHOBaHMR
r r e ~ ~ c aBce
). a e z m 6emep~o~.
Y ~ OH a 3 b m a e T c x
Bo3ayxoay6nbze Mem MAM 6onetn~a ~ e k c ~ n y r o ~
BHYTPM T e A a ; MX HeAb3X O ~ H ~ P ~ > K nM
pMT ~OTCYTCTBMM
nocnpo~3B0#y
4 e k M X M ~ H ~ H HCM.4,
O ~M ~ OHM A& O Ce-
6e 3 H a T b TOAbKO K O r A a >KM3HeHHOCTb B M ~ P M P Y C T n O A
nynKoh.2. M e r u o ~B O A ~ I H K Mp a c n o A o X e H cnepxy, a ~ p y 6 -
K a CHM3Y; PXCTOXHMC MeXAY HMMM IlPMMePHO 8,4
~ l o i i ~Mae,I I l O K H Z O A M T C X T;IM Xe, rAe M CyrrJHOCTHaX
n p M p o A a , TO e c T b cepAye, a ~ p y 6 ~
-aT a M , rAe ~ a x o

AMTCX X M 3 H b (IIoA I ~ ~ ~ K o M ) .
ECAM BAOXHyTb 0 6 b 1 ' I ~ b l f i C B ~ X M B03AyX,
~ ~ TOrAa
BpOXAeHHZ4.8 X M 3 H e H H a J I CMAa IIOAHMMXTCX n o KaH2Ay
ynpanAeHnn; TO npoyecc s a n ~ p (xo),
a ~ ~ K~O T O ~
COCTOMT M3 BAbIXaHMX CBt?XerO BO3AyXa, K O T O ~ 3~a nI M
~- ~
P X T ~ b l x a ~ e ~ b ~MeXaHM3M,
b l i i T;1K ' I T 0 BO3AyX B T e A e
OIIYCKXTCX BHM3, BblTUKMBZ4.8 BBepX B p O X A e H H Y H ) M
X M 3 H e H H y H ) CMAY, IIPO'IMIIJaJI TaKMM o6pa30~3 H e p r e -
TM'ICCKMe K a S l U b I .
TO n o 6 y m ~ a eX~M 3 H b , HaXOAXLLJylOCX BHM3Y, CO-
eAMHMTbCX c c y n ~ ~ o c ~npnpo~oii,
~ofi pacnonome~~o
cnepxy.
K o r ~ a0 6 b 1 ' I ~ b l h C B ~ X MBO3AyX
~ ~ BbIAbIXXTCX, T o r @
BpOXAeHHZ4.8 X M 3 H e H H a J I C U a , o c ~ 0 6 0 w ~ ~ ZT4e .n8e p b
O T AaBAeHMX OIIYCKXTCX BHM3 B K a H a A ~ ~ C T B M I I TO
.
npoyecc O T K ~ ~ I B ~ H M(nu),
X ~ o ~ o p b ~~~ K
i iA I O ' I X T C R B
B ~ H M sepe3
B ~ I ~ ~ ~ C ~ I BO3AyXa M H03APM, ' I T O ~ ~AIa T b 003-
M O X H O C T b B P O X A ~ H H O ~X M ~ H ~ H H O
CMAe ~
BePHyTbCR K
C B O e M y MCTO'fHHKY IIOA IIyIIKOM, O'IMIJJaJI T a K M M o6pa-
3 0 M BCe 3 H e p r e T M ' I e C K M e KaHaAbI. 3 ~ n0o 6 y x n a e ~C y y -
HOCTHYH) IlpMPOAy, KOTOPZ4.8 HaXOAUTCX CBePXY, COeAM-
BO B p e M X 3TO-
HMTbCR C X M 3 H b I 0 , H ~ x o A X I L J ~ ~ C BHM3Y.
II
r0 IIP0IJeU.X c y 6 ~ ~ BbI
~ AOAXHbI
a g ~ n~e p e K a T b I B a T b 3 a -
K p b I T b I e r A a 3 a , ' I T O ~ ~nOCAeAOBaTeAbH0
I YBMAeTb ' I e T b I p e
KapAMHZlAbHbIe TO'IKH, A, D, G , J (M CHOBa A) CAeAyIO-
YMM 06pa30~:
TO H a 3 b l B m C X BHyTPeHHMM M BHCUI-
HMM XO TZU (TO e C T b B H Y T P ~ H HX~M~3~H e H -
HOG ~ BHeUIHMM ~ ~ ~ A Y X O M
C M A O ~M ) ,
KOTO-
pbli A ~ ~ ~ C T Bn
Yo~ ~
T o 6 ~BO3AyXOAyBHbIM
o
MeXaM. XOTR M e X a H M 3 M TOT Xe c ~ b l f i OA-
,
H a K O BO3AyX B T e A e A ~ ~ C T B ~ ~ T YeM B
MHa'Ie,
BO3AyXOAyBHbIX MeXaX. K o r ~ aBO3HMKXT
B H Y T ~ ~ H BHe T~e p~O K , rAa3a BpaILJWTCX
TaK, ~~06tM . 1O X H O 6 b 1 ~ 0 YBMAeTb ' I e T b I p e OCHOBHble
TO'IKM A, D, G M J M B TO Xe B P e M H , K O r A a CyIIJtlOCTb M
COEMPAHME BH EUIHErO AAXVIMM'IECKOI'O 3AEMEHTA 91

XMJHL B T e A e M e m m T M e c T a B xoAe npogeccoo 3 a n ~ p a -

H W l 1.1 OTKPbIBakWlX, nOCAeAHMe npMBO&XT B A ~ ~ ~ C T B M ~
BOCIIpoM3Bo&,XylnJyIo C U y , K O T O P a R aBTOMaTM'IeCKH ripe-
o 6 p a 3 y e ~ cB~X M 3 H e H H O C T b , LJHPKyAMpyEOIIJyH) BBepX M
BHM3. Aame C a M y l r e H M K H e IlOHMMaeT, n o s e M y el'0 r0-
AOBa, M a 3 a , KOHeYHOCTM M AbIXaHMe ~ e f i c T B y I 0M~M e H H O
TaKMM 06pa.30~~
IIOTOMY 'IT0 ~ ~ b 1 BAOX,
f i COIIPOBOX-
~ a f 2 ~ b 136a n M P W M e M , M BbIAOX, KOTOPOMY I I p e A I I l e C T B y -
e T OTKpbIBWMe, COBepIUWTCX CaMH co6ofi.
E C T ~ C T B ~ H H ~ I MIIleCTblO
M @ a 3 a . M ~A B M X e H M X YMKAM-
'4eCKOrO I I p O r J e C C a XBAHloTCX: I I O A W M O T A, O'IMCTKO B
D, o c T m o e K a B G, o n y c K a H M e B G, M o w y e H u e B J M
BO3BpaIIJeHMe B A; OHM B b I 3 b I B W T C R BAOXOM, K O T O P ~ I ~
CTMMYAMPYeT IlOA%eM M BbIAOXOM, K O T O ~ CTMMYAMPY-
~ I ~ ~
e T onycKawte.
'l'a~1.1~ O ~ P ~ O M
n o,A % e M O T A A0 D M G BKAW'IaeT
i , T O ~ OM~T~T H ~
nep~b~fB 3 T a n b I OIIYCKaHMII, M nwe-
H M e OT G AO J M A B K A m l l a e T B c e 6 ~nepnym, o ~ o p y mw
T T b I O C T w M M OIIYCKaHMII.. ~ O ~ T OB M
A a~H b U~MH
rOBOpMTCX: " B ~ I ~ O A H MT PTM~ @=LI BBepX no CnMHe M
cAeAyroyMe T ~ M B H M ~n o n e p e ~ s e f ci T o p o H e TeAa,
nOAXBaTMTe B B e p X M B e P H M T e 0 6 p a ~ ~B oH M X H M ~aalcb
~
lWElcb X M 3 H e H H y I O C M A ~ " .
L L l e c ~ b@a3IlOAHXTMX I l O A O X M T e A b H O r O O r H X O T A K
B, C , D, E M F M XBARWTCX IIOAOXMTeAbHbIMM; n O A O X M -
T e A b I f b I M 'IMCAOM EBAXeTCR AeBXTKa, a CyMMapHOe '4MC-

A 0 R c e x IUeCTM IIOAOXMTeAbHbIX @a36 y ~ e 9~ : 4 (AAR

' 4 e T b l p e X C M e H X W y M X C X C ~ ~ O H O BX) 6 = 216.
W ~ C @a3
T ~ O n y C K a H M X er0 0 T P ~ l J a ~ e ~ b H oKOMIIO-
fi
HeHTbI OT G K H, I, J, K,L 6 y ~ OyT p~M y a T e A b H b l M M ; OT-
PMLJaTeAbHbIM 'IMCAOM RBAXeTCX I u e C T e p K a M I I 0 3 T O M y
C y M M a p H O e 'IMCAO BCeX UIeCTM OTpMIJaTeAbHbIX @a36y-

b , e T 6 ~ 4 ~ 6 144.
=
~ O C K O A ~ KAYB e K a p A M H a A b H b I e TO'IKM D M J OCTaD-
AellbI AM 'fMCTKM M OMOBeHMX, OHM H e 6 6 1 y~l r T~e H b I , M
@ ~ K T M ' ~ ~ C IIOAHOe
KM IIOAOXMTeAbHOe 'IHCAO 6 y ~ 120.
e ~
T ~ K M06pa30~,
M nOA'beM M O n y c K a H M e BKAlO'IalOT B Ce-
 6 b t c T p b t ~M MeAAeHHbtM Ol'HIlMM R B M W T C R npuo6-
p e T e H H o e T e n A o , u c n o ~ b s y e ~ op se u ~aesesm 6o~e3~efi
M npOAAeHUR XMBHM, aT a m e psuI C O e A M H e H m COAHrJa
C A Y H O ~(TO e C T b nOAO>KMTeAbHOrO l l f C OT~MLJ~T~A~
iv~b)'.
M~TOA
COCTOMT B IIpUMeHeHHM np~06pe~e~~oro
OrHR AAA TOrO, q ~ 0 6 b 1 BbIBeCTH B ~ O X A ~ H H Ol'OHb
~ I ~ ~
T ~ K , ' ~ T o 06a
~ ~ I COeAMHHAMCb C IJeAbIO M 3 B A e q e H m M3
eAb1 M nMTbR C A Q K OPOCbI
~~ (ZUlfb dy MAM 'iMCTZ3.H CAIO-

Bpomem16 H r r p u 0 6 p m e ~ ~ b 1 6o m I I B I U I ~ C I IC O - c m o A ~ X O B H ~ I HAM
M
tlOAOXHTCAbHblM OlTIeM, K O T O P ~CyllleCTBOBaA
~~ A 0 pOX&HMR, U -0 H C n O P Y e H H b l M
KOhUTOHeHIOM HAM H C K W ~ H H O ~ C O C T ~ B H O SaCTbH),
~ U T p H l j a T e A b H b l M OlTIeM, BOBHM-
K a r o n j m noue p o ~ e m r r .
TMBHOrO MeTOAa, ~ 0 ~ 0 p b I 3aKnIQ'IaeTCX
f i B TOM, 'ITO, 3a-

K p b I B r A a 3 a , npMBeCTM y M B T a K O e COCTOXHMe, n p M KO-

T O P O M OH, 6 y ~ nyCTbIM,
p ~ H e nepecTaBaA 6a1 p a 6 o ~ a ~ b
M K O T O P ~ I XOTX
~~ M M ~ A ~ W THO
, n p e K p a T m CyyecTBo-
BaTb. TXOG y M H e XBAXeTCX HM ~ A ~ I THM
~ IMCTOUJeH-
M,
HbIM. KOAM'I~CTBO BpeMeHM, OTBeAeHHOe &M n p M M e H e -
HMX 6 b 1 c ~ p o r oM MeAAeHHOrO O W X , AOlOKHO HaXOAMTbCR
B nponopguu ~ p e xK c e M M .
M0fi HaCTaBHMK, o 6 p m M e H R HPMMeHIlTb 6 b 1 ~ ~ p b 1 k
M ~ e w e ~ ~ bOrHM,
1 f i CKa3aA: " 6 ~ 1 c ~ p b 1 iOi r O H b CABMraeT,
yCTpaH5IeT, aM y c~n oI ~~ a~l 4 B a e ~ "0. 6 a OrHX n p M -
~ A A ~ H H
MeHamTcx npenpayeHMx s a r p ~ 3 ~ eno~ BwH ~ T ~ ~ H
HOCTXX - B CAe3b1, KOTOPbIe BbIBO&RTCX, ' I T O ~ ~AOCTM'Ib
I
3
raPMOHMM ' I e T b I p e X COCTaBARIO4MX , COW3a nXTM 3Ae-
M ~ H T O BM~ MX B03BPaLIJeHMR K CBOeMy MCTOKY, aT a m e
A M IIOBOpOTa H a w B H y T H H e r O CBCTa, Y T O ~ L I OCBe-
TMTb ce6n H3HyTPH. TO COeAMHReT M e X A y co6oii CQAH-
ye M AYHY
5
.
HMKTOM3 M3BeCTHbIX ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ THHa ~3eme
I X He
a ~T ~ W,
ClpwZA ~ ~ X O T K O e H e IIpMHMMaA A e K a p C T B A M
~ s ~ e l r e ~6w
o ~a e 3 ~ eHAM
fi nonpanneHMn cnoero s ~ o p o -
nbn. Tehepb, 6ecc~ep-
K o r A a B ~ Ip e l u M n M A O ~ H B ~ T ~ C ~
TMX, B ~ IAOMHLI ~ L I C T P O ~ H H ~ ~ T O X MBT
c e~ ~ O A ~ ~ H M ,
A p e M A I O y M e B TeAe. ~ O C TOrO,
A ~ K a K BbI O C B O ~ O A M T ~ C ~
OT HMX, IIPaKTMKOBaTb Aao 6 y ~ COBCeM
e ~ H e nO3AHO.
C B X TM
~ MyAperJbI
I~ APeBHOCTM HMKOrAa H e X A U M , no-
b O X B M T C R . OHM
K a 6 0 ~ e 3 ~~ P AelrMAM ee e y e B CKP~ITOM
COCTOXHMM. ECAM Bbl B3rAXHMTe H a AIOAefi, TO BCe OHM
I1OK;UKYTCII B a M 3AOPOBbIMM, H e C T P w a f O y M M M OT 60-
aes~eii;H a A e A e OHM HOCXT B C B o e M T e A e 3 a p o -
C ~ O M
A~IILIM6 0 ~ e 3 ~ e fKiO
, TOpbIe eye H e pZ3BMAMCb. Aoc~ofi-
HO C o x a A e t i M n , YTO AIOAM T O A ~ K O M M ~ Y TYAOBOA~CT-
B M ~H
, e O C O 3 H a B m CWMX O U I M ~ O KM 3 a 6 ~ y w e ~ ~OHM
fi.
BCel'Aa n p O R B A R l o T rAynOCTb, C T P e M I l C b K YIOTHbIM AO-
M a M , MCnOAb3YR K p e n K M e BMHa, HXAZIXAaJrCb ~ 0 3 6 ~ ~
~ ~ y e Mfy 3ib 1 ~ 0 f i M TaHIJaMM M I I p e A a B a J r C b BCeBO3-
MOXHbIM YTeXW.
OHMH e OTAWT ce6e O W e T a , YTO IIPMBAeKaTeAbHble
4 0 p ~ b 1MOrYT MCnOPTMTb MM 3 p e H M e , YTO M y 3 b l K a M
neCHM M O Y T MCnOPTMTb MM CAYX, M 9 T O A O X X b B no-
CTeAb IIbRHbIMM M IlePeIIOAHeHHbIMM IIMUJefi, OHM M O Y T
p a C C e R T b CBOW BOCnpOM3BOARlIJyIO C m y .
3 a 6 0 ~ eOHM
~ , KMAWTCX K BpaqaM, KorAa, B cy y ~ o c -
TM, 6 b l ~ a y
eX~ e nO3AHO. OHMH e I I O H M M m T , YTO 60-
A e 3 H b BbI3bIBXTCX M ~ ~ ~ I T K IOI M
Mq M , nMTbX M YAOBOAb-
CTBMR. OHM H e O C 0 3 H W T , VTO BHYTPeMHMe ~ O A ~ ~ H M
CKpbITbI B MX T e A a X M K O r A a OHM XIPOXBMIOTCII, TO MX
MHOrAa 6 b 1 ~ a eTPYAHO
~ BbIAClrMTb.
 ~ O ~ T O C e~A 0 TOrO, K a K ~ O A ~ ~BOBHMKAM,
A aM H M Bbl
A O A X H b I MCnOAb3OBaTb M e ~ ~ e H ~ b M
l f 6i b l ~ ~ p b 1 fOCHM,
i
r ~ o 6 b 1B b I p B a T b KOPHM HeAyrOB. B BalIlefi IIoBc~AH~BHo~
AeRTeAbHOCTM VYBCTBa y,$OBOAbCTBMII, CHeBa, C O X Z 4 e H M X
M p U O C T M BbI3blB;UOT ~ O A ~ ~ H M :
YAOBOAbCTBHII CKa3bIBa-
~ T C XH a cepAge, rHeB H a neqeHu, comaneHMe H a xu-
B O T H ~ I X Aymax (no) a P ~ ~ Y M H ~,\ylllax
M P ~ O C TH ~ I X
( x Y H ~ ) .T ~ K M06pa30~
M IIOPajKatOTCR BCe BHYTpeHHOC-
TM. He n p e ~ e 6 p e r a t i ~KeO ~ H R M M60ne3~efi~ 3 - 3 aTOCO,
q T O OHM K m Y T C X He3Ha'LMTeAbHbIMM, n O T O M y ' I T 0 K O r A a
6 o ~ e 3 IIPOIIBMTCII,
~ b C ~ e f yi x e TpyAHO 6 y ~ Cen y~a B M T b -
CR. T a ~ m
O ~ ~ Z O MI ,I l I e X A e q e M ~ O A ~ ~ IlpC>RBRTCR
H M
Y , HMX M O X H O M ~ ~ ~ D M Tq e~ pCe 3R rAa-
~ o - H ~ C T O X L ~ J ~ MOT
3a6. Tor@ H M K a K U 6 0 h e 3 ~ bH e C M O X e T p a 3 B M T b C H ?
B nep~ofi4a3e n e p M o A a + O P M M P O B ~ H M R s a p o a b ~ u r a
B M ~ T ~ ~ M H Cy~p06e,
K O ~ ~ ~e6eca c~ra6maro~ ero 3 A e M e H -
T O M BOAbI B 3p'dqKaX M a 3 , K O T O P b I e CBII3aHbl C IIOYKaMM;
BO B T O ~ O ~ 4a3e 3 e M C O 3 A X T 3 A e M e H T O r H X B YrOAKaX
mas, 4a3e ~ e 6 e -
~ o ~ o p b lCf Bi I I 3 X C CepALJeM; B T p e ~ b e f i
ca C O 3 A W T 3AeMeHT A p e B a B p ~ y ~ ~0 6o o f~ io q ~r Aea 3 a ,
K O T O p b l e CBR3aHbI C n e Y e H b M ; B ' 4 e T ~ e p T o f i4a3e 3 e M
npOM3BOAMT 3 A e M e H T M e T U A a B ~ C A K ~CAa3,
X KOTOpble
CBII3aHbI C AeCKMMM M B n R T 0 f i Oa3e ~ e 6 e c aIIpOM3BOART
3 A e M e H T 3eMAM B BePXHMX M HMXCHMX BeKaX r A a 3 , KOTO-
p b I e CBX3aHb1 C X < e A y ~ ~ O M 7' T
. ~KMM
0 6 p a 3 0 ~CYUJHOCTM

CTOXHUe l?OBC)PUT O ( P ~ H ~ H O H U P O ~ nU0 U9 e K . B P A K a X TAa3 HaXOAUTCR Bb1XOA-

HOG noI ~YBery, T O e C T b w U T B ~ T C T B ~ F O U J U ~h F O
tIPOTDK C A e 3 H O M KaHaAP, K P ~ C H ~
u cepwy. I;~AKUrnaa - &me no IJBV, w o T e a c T B y w r Bowyxy u A ~ ~ K M M Pa-
.
ApKHaR 06onoraa UMeff C U H U ~ MAW ~ ~ e ~ Obl T elH O6 K , YT0 WOTBeTCTByff IJBeTY
Aepeea, nereHu. Bepmec u ~ u m e Be e K o X C A T O B ~ O ~ Oq ~ e r a TO
, ecTb q w a ~CM-
AM, a CAeAOMTeAbHO y K a 3 b I B m H a C l X T O R H U e WOTHOTO O p T a H a ( w a x ) CeAe3eHKU-
no.t,xe~y~or~oii x e n e a b l u w o m e r m y m y e r o e M y nonoro o p r a H a ( $ y ) menyma.
Cpe.4~B c e X OpTaHOB CaMblMU B W L I M U RBNIH3CR O p r a H b l p a x , O.&HaKO, B CBR3U C
. o p r a ~ a ~nue p s 0 3 a e ~ e ~3~e ma u m H e w e c e M T a K . Cornac~oq a ~ u g u u p, w e -
 BCeX n R T M BHYTPeHHMX O P r W l O B H a X O M T C X B l'Aa3aX, B
T O BpeMFi K a K I l e p B O H a Y a A b H a R AyXOBHOCTb, XOTX M PZ-
I I O A O X e H H a J I R M 0 3 r y , TaK>Ke IlPOXBAIIeTCII Y e p e 3 0Pr;LH
3pCHMX. Bce TeAO OTpMLJaTeAbHO ( H u b ) , 39 MCKAIOqeHM-
e M r A a 3 , K O T O P b I e llOAOXMTeAbHb1 ( I n ) . l/i M3-3a 3 T O r 0
H ~ ~ O A ~ L I I KOAMYeCTBa
O ~ O rIOAOXHTeAbHOr0 ZH B rAa3a.X
YeAOBeK H e OKa3blBZTCII BO BAaCTM OTPMLJaTeAbHOrO
&Lb. TO IIOAOXMTeAbHOe g7i H Y X H O MCnOAb30UaTb B
HaYaAe ~ A X M M M Y ~ C KTOP e~H~M P O B K M , 9 ~ 0 6 ~B b1I P B a T b
KOPHM CKPbITbIX 6 0 ~ e 3 ~ e i Ki O
, TOpbIe CKOnHAHCb B T e A e .
6 b l ~ ~ p b 1Okr O H b MCnOAb3YeTCX, Y T O ~ I~I eIp e M e C T M T b
OrOHb AyXa B n e Y b ( n 0 ~~ Y ~ K O M A ) . ~ ~ B H OM
H M
6 b~
1 ~~
11a3~a.1-1 " n e p e ~ e ~ j a mo ~yH~~ ~M " .
IIOA" n e p e ~ e y e ~ MAM
~ e ~"CABM~OM"
" noApa3yMe-
BaeTCX T O , Y T 0 B H Y T P ~ H H U O
~ r O H b IIOAHMMaeTCX T P K ,
YTO B H Y T P ~ H H MH~ B H ~ U I H MO ~
r H~M H a q M H X O T B3aMMO-
A ~ ~ ~ C T B O CB ~IJeAbIO
T ~ P Z U I M p M T b BCe 3 a M y C O p e H H b I e
3 ~ e p r e ~ u ~ e Kc ~W u~ eA ~MI O Y M C T M T ~MX OT ~ ~ B M O B .
T ~ KKa K n o ~ o X M ~ e A b ~O
b rlOkH b CMAbHee, Y e M BOC-
~ P O M ~ B O A I I ~cma,
~ J I TO OH n e p e A B r 4 r a e - r ee no nce yac-
TM T e A a , ' f ~ 0 6 b 1 y 6 p a ~ bBC€! 3arPX3HeHMX M TaKMM o6pa-
3 0 M BOCnPenRTCTBOBaTb P a B M T M I O 6 0 h e 3 ~ e i i .
Bb1 M O X e T e I l P M M e H R T b K P M C T & ~ ~ H ' ~ ~ CUKl aIP~M~K~
r ~ n ~ o ~ u 3 HAM
e p a ~ o o 6 y e~106oii~ p y r ~ b ~
n pf ei M e T ,
Y T O ~C
~ IH U M IlPaKTMKOBaTbCX Y T p O M H B e Y e p O M . CH~-
Y a A a CMAMTe B n 0 3 e MeAMTaIJMM A0 T e X HOP, n O K a BaUI
y M H e YCTWlOBMTCII M T O r A a KlOMeCTUTe IlepeA co6oii
KPHCT~L~UU 'I a~p U
~KCTK , I~
a KH I T~O ~ ~
O IH HaXOAMACX HM
CAMUIKOM AaAeKO, HM CAMUIKOM 6 ~ ~ 3 HM
~ 0CAMUIKOM
,

M ~ M O ~ H a, T U M e p , a A X U M U 4 e C K U M M e A w U H C K U M T p P K T m O MH P H b IJ 3 U H , Xe-
AYAOK - B M e c m A u 1 y e X U ~ H ~ H H ~CIUXA y~q e A o B e K a , a n o m M y rqu m e A y A u a n m -
ncn o~noiiu 3 O c n o B o n o A o r a m q u x 3nepruii r a o e c l e c K o r o o p r a ~ u 3 (no~po6nee
~ a
C M . 8 KHUl'e A. A. A$~o~uH. T p y A H b I e BOnPOCbl K A ~ E C U Y ~ C KKOU~ T ~ ~ ~ CMKe OA w ~U-
H b l . ACT^-qeEC. h e ~ m r p a A .1991). BOT n o r e M b l B 3 M M T p a K T a T C ylt%3bIBaCrCR,
S T 0 BeKU OTBe'iW 3a c D C T 0 l m M e X C A Y A K P . - A. A.
H M 3 K 0 , HM CAMUIKOM BbICOKO, a KaK pa3 H a O A H O ~AM-
~
HMM C T O Y K O ~ ,H ~ X O A R L L J ~ ~ ~n C
O ICIe p e A H H e rAa3. CMOT-
P M T e H a LUapMK, M Y e p e 3 H e K O T O p O e B p e M H y B a c M3 r A a 3
n O T e K y T CAe3bI: OHM C O A e H b I e ) IlAOXO n a X H y T M RBARIOT-
CR OCTaTKOM B H Y T P e H H e r O 3aCOPeHMR, ~ O A O ~ Hc lO\ e 3 a ~ ,
BbI3bIBaPMbIM YyBCTBaMM M 3MOLJMRMM, TaKMMM KaK
V Y C T b M T. n. ~ O C nAp M~M e H e H M R 3 T O r 0 " c ~ B M ~ w I & J ~ ~
OTHR') A M YAaAeHMII CKPbITblX 6 0 ~ e 3 ~ e iBbI
i) A O A X H br
H e M e A A e H H O IIPMMeHMTb M ~ A A ~ H H
O r~
O HI b~ @A ycno-
K O e H W 3paYKOB, K O T O p b I e B npOTMBHOM CAJI'4a.e MOIYT
6 b 1 ~ bI l O B p e X A e H b I X a p O M . &U Me&AeHHOrO O r H R no-
MOrMTe 3HePreTMqeCKMM KaHiWaM, KOTOPbIe ~ ~ I A M PX-
I I I M p e H b I , C X a T b U T a K , Y T O ~ AbIXaHMe
~ I (YU), pacnpo-
CTPaHMBUIeeCR no BCeM YaCTRM T e A a , MOrAO B e P H y T b C R
K CBOeMY MCXOAHOMY n Y H K T y n O A n y n K O M .
BTOTM ~ M ~ H H ~ HIb ~H a 3 b l B a e T C R " Y C ~ O K ~ M B
OrO
Y H M O P H ~ M " , CBO~~CTBOM
KOTOPOrO RBAIIeTCR n p M B e & e -
H M e K HenOABMXHOCTM. B ~ I ,AOlUKHbI IIPMMeHIITb er0,
IlOAHOCTbfO 3 a K P b I B r A a 3 a M CKOHIJeHTPMPOBaBUlHCb H a
T O q K e M e X A y HMMM AAR T O r O , ' I T o ~I I~
e pIe A B M H y T b AbI-
xmue B H M > K H M ~a ~a n b m n b .
B T KOHIJeHTPaLJMR
~ A O A X H P nPOAOAXaTbCII A 0 T e X
nop, n o K a n p e A C T a B A e H M e 0 C ~ O Mce6e M o ~ p y r u x
nOAHOCTbH3 y f i ~ e ~ a ,T e A O M y M I t e p e C T a H y T C y y e C T B O -
B a T b ; TOAbKO T O r A a BaLUa KOHLJeHTPaIJMX 6 y ~ 3(#l(#le~ e ~
T M B H O ~ ~n . p M BbInOAHeHMM 3 T O r O B a u I II3bIK A O A X e H 3 a -
T b I K a T b H e 6 e c ~ b 1 kBOAOeM B ~ e 6 e CO
. BpeMeHeM CAW-
KM poca, B K ~ C O M noxoxm H a M e A , n o i i ~ eBHMJ
~ no
I'OpAy B K a H a A e X 3 N b N O , n O K a O H a H e AOCTMrHeT no-
AOCTM H u m H e r o a a n b mna, rAe oHa n e p e i i ~ eB ~o v n -
JJaTeAbHyH, BOCIIpOM3BO&HIJJylo CUAy ( 2 4 ~ 8Z$~UH), KOTO-
P a J l 3 a T e M OnyCKaf2TCII B IIM'IKM, rAe OHa C03AZT Cnep-
My. ~ O ~ T O M 'IMCT;LII
Y C A W H a IIBMlleTCII ' I P ~ ~ B ~ I Y ~
A P ~ ~ O ~ J ~ H
BeIJJblo,
H O ~ K O T O P a R COXP'dHXeT + M ~ M ' I ~ c K Y H
CMhy, O H a ~ p e 6 y eoco6oii
~ 3a60~b1. ECAM CAK)Ha XOPO-
U I m , TOl'Aa 3 A e M e H T BOAbl BHM3Y X M B O T P 6 y ~ nOA-e ~
H b I M , 1.1 3 T 0 n p M B e A e T K TOMY, YTO r A a 3 a 6 y ~ 6y ~ ~e c ~ e ~
a 3paq~t.1 M ~ ~ A K6 My ~ YeTKO
y ~ oqepqeHbI. K o r ~ a6 o ~ e 3 -
HM YXe HaXOflTCFI B T e A e B CKPbITOM COCTOFIHMM, TOI'Aa
3paYKM H e 6 y ~ yRCHbIMM,
~ a 6 e ~ ~ aBbICTJ'nWT
Ha x
T o r ~ aBbl AOluKHbI 6y-
K p a C H b I e MAM X e A T b I e YePTOYKM.
A e T e H a Y a T b IIpartTMKy M npOBOAMTb ee A 0 T e X n O p , no-
La r A a 3 a H e CTaHYT TaKMMM, KaK Y 3AOPOBOrO p e 6 e ~ ~ a ,
y KOTOpOrO 3PaYKM IlPKMe M O K p y X e H b I ~ O A ~ ~ O B ~ T ~ I M
~ ~ A K ~ MTOAbKO
M ; T O r A a BbI O C B O ~ O A M T ~OT
C ~ CKPblTbIX
6 o ~ e 3 ~ e k .
@MJHOAOPMR Y T B e p X A a e T , YTO n p M @OPMHPOBFUIMM
3 a p o A b l u I a IlepBbIMM nOFIBhRloTCFI r A a 3 a , a 3PaYKM - H a
12 nO3AHee. AH~TOMMH
rOBOPMT, q T O CAe3bI MCXO-
AHT OT XMAKOCTM, KOTOPaSI OMblBaeT r A a 3 H b I e I I ~ A O K MM
YTO B H O C O B O ~EOAOCTM M M e e T c x n p o X O A , n p o ~ o ~ y ~ k
CAe3bl M BbIAeAeHUFI, K O T O ~ npOXOAMT
~ I ~ ~ KO BHYTPeHHM-
MU OprFUIWM. M M ~ H H OY e p e 3 3TOT nPOXOA M3l'OHRlOTCR
BHyTpeHHMe, CKPbITble ~ O A ~ ~ HIIOTOMY
M , YTO APYrMX Ka-
HaAOB, IlpMrOAHbIX &M 3 ~ 0 kLJeAM, B T e A e HeT.
KOAUY~CTBO
B p e M e H M , YCTaHaBAMBaeMOe &M npM-
MeHeHMR ~ ~ I C ' I ~ M
O MeAAeHHOrO
~ O Or-, AOAXHO 6 b 1 ~ b
npOnOpLJMOHaAbH0 OTHOUleHHlO T p e X K C e M H Ps\ll TOrO,
l e ll0A)'YaTb B P A a OT n A o x o ~ O A O ~ P ~ H npo-
s ~ o 6 bH H O ~
AOAXMTeAbHOCTU YllpaXHeHMFI. ~ O C A
IIOAJWeHWl
~ YKa-
3 MOMX6 HaCTaDHMKOB AFIo )I<;LHR M h 0
~ OT ~ Ky~a
OTHOCMTeAbHO ~ 0 3 6 y x & e ~ G~ICTPOIT)
m OrHII, FI C M O F A
H a rOp5IrrJyIO naAOYKy ~ A ~ S O B O H MKOTOPYIO
~, BllOCAeACT-
BMM 3aMeHMA KPMCTaAAMYeCKMM UlaPMKOM, M 3 a K P b l B M
rAa32, q ~ 0 6 b 1 C $ O K Y C M ~ ~ B KOHLJeHTparJMlO
~T~ M IIOAY-
YMTb ~ e ~ ~ e ~ O ~ b b l &M
rOH f i CHUXeHMII X H 3 H e H H O r O
AblXaHMFI (VU) B MOeM CepArJe M YCnOKOeHWI M O W 0 Ay-
X a M MHTeMeKTa. B p e 3 y A b T a T e yUlM n e P C T % M CALI-
~ Y A ~a AbIX;LHMe CAeAaAOCb
IUaTb XOTb K ~ K O ~ ~ - H W 3ByK,
n o x o x < u M H a TOHeHbKyfO HMTb, KOTOPaSI KaXeTCFI ~006-
ye He cyyec~~yroyeii,
HO KOTOP~R c o x p a i i ~ ~ a AO
cb T ~ X
n O p , n O K a MOM MbICAM H e I l P K P a T M A M C b M BCe MOM VyB-
CTBa M 3MOrJMM MC'Ie3AM. T o r ~ a~ A ~ M ~
OI'HR
H T B MOeM
CepArJe n O u I e A BHM3 B TO BPeMIl K a K 3 A e M e H T BOAbI BHM-
 3Y X M B O T a C T U C n O H T a H H O IIOAHUMaTbCX. KOWMKX3bI-
K a KaC;MCII ~e6M
a 06e X e A e 3 b I BbI&%XAM M H O r O CAW-
H ~ I~
;c ~ o Mp eO POT ~ ~ ~ ~ O A H M Aem;
C X o H a 6b1aa c n ~ ~ a r r
K a K MeA. OAHUM l'AOTKOM X OlKyCTMA ee BHM3, 3aCTaDA5IX
HM3 M O e r O X M B O T a CHAbHO B M ~ P M ~ ~ B ~ eT s~a. n ~ oo i i
B ~
y M M H H T e M e K T CTWM C I I O K O ~ H ~ I M M IIyCTbIMtl; CHaYa-
A a MOM PYKM H H O ~ M a
, a a ~ Me~~c Tee A o H ,e
UCY~~AM oc-
H u K a K o r o cAeAa.
T ~ H B K ~ nce,
K ~ o c ~ u r a ~ o r ycnoero
ee
npeAeAa, 0 6 p a u ~ a e ~BCnHTb,
c~ TaK 3a 3TUM K P ~ H M M
C I I O K O ~ C T B M ~ MM T M U ~ M H On~O C A e A O B W 0 A B U X e H M e M
C O B e p U l e H H O H e O X M A N I H O CHAbHO 3 a ~ ~ 6 p u p ~XaUn3 a-
H e H H m CMAa, 3aCTaBMB M O IIeHMC
~ CTOXTb H a I I p X X e H -
HO, YTO AOKa3bIBaeT1 YTO p e W b ~ b 1 kOrOHb, K O T O P ~ IOC-
~
T m U C X CIIXLIJUM H e K O T O p O e B p e M , H a Y a h ABMraTbCX
caM no ce6e.
Bonpoc: Bce AZlOCCKMe KHMrM rOBOPXT 06 WXMMMYeCKOM 3~e-
M e H T e , HO H e Y ~ O M M H W 06 orHe. He M O ~ A M6 b 1 B ~ I
O ~ % X C H M T"$a3b1
~ O ~ H X " ( X O XOY) T a K , Y T O ~ 6
~ yI ~ y q n e
JWeHMKM H e nyT&iMCb B TOM?
OTB~T:
"@=a1 0I'I-M" - 3 T 0 O ~ L I J MT e~P M M H . OFO OH^" npeA-
CTaDrUleT B H Y T P ~ H H M map,
~ a "C#la3b1" IIpeACTaBAHWT
U l e C T b 3 T W O B O Y M I I J e H M O r H e M . 3 A e c b CAOBO "oI'oH~"
MMeeT 18 3 ~ a u e ~ K~O TkO,p b I e C O O T B e T C T B y W MAYLIJMM
IIO I l O p X A K y 3 T m a M O Y H I I j e H M ; n 0 3 T O M y MCllOAHlleMaJI
UM p o ~ 6
b y ~ pea ~3 ~ o k KaxAoro 3Tana
ECAM BbI H e IIOAJWUAM y ~ a 3 a H U kO T IIPOCBeIIJeHHOrO
M a C T e p a , BbI HMKOrAa H e YXCHMTe ce6e BCel'O 3TOrO. @a-
3bI OFHII, T O e C T b 3 T a I I b I OYMUJeHMH O r H e M H C03AilllMe
aAXMMMYeCKOr0 3 A e M e H T a MAYT B 0 n p e ~ e ~ e H H 0nOCAe-
6
AOBaTeAbHOCTM, H MX HeAb3X CMeUlHBaTb. TO n o ~ o 6 ~
M3I'OTOBAeHMW KMPnMYa; I'AMHa C l l e p B a CMelIlMBWTCX C
n o ~ o kM 3 a ~ 0e6 x~u r a e ~ c xH a O r H e T a K , Y T O ~ n~ oI h y -
Y M T ~K H P ~ M Y . ECAM KMPIIMY He 0 6 0 x x e ~H a o r H e , OH
I I p e B p a T M T C X B MeCMBO IlOA A ~ ~ C T B MA~OM
Xfl. TOYHO
TaK Xe ~ . A X U M U Y ~ C K3UA~e M e H T M O X H O c o 6 p a ~ bTOAbKO
n o a e o l r u u ~ e H t l Xo r H e M nocnpowsno~yekc u ~ b l T; O A ~ -
 KO T O r A a H 3 H e r 0 M O X H O nOAJWMTb 30~0~0 6
3AMKCMP. B
nPOTMBHOM C A y Y X O H P X n a A e T C X .
B @ 3 H XO LJBMH rOBOPMTCX: " K o r ~ aB TeKCTaX n p M -
MeHXlOTCX TaKHe BbIpZXeHUX, KaK "no36yx~a~b
01'0Hb9', "B~CTH era", " B O ~ A ~ ~ ~ C T B OO rBH~e TM~H a O ~ O H ~ ' '
M " O C T ~ H ~ B A H B ~era",
T~ TO BCe 3 T 0 0 3 H a ' f Z T O r O H b , CO -
3 ~ a n a e ~ b AbIXaHMeM.
r k K o r ~ BCTPe'LaIOTCX
a TaKMe BbIpa-
XeHWI, KOK o ~T o~ H ~ ""B, B ~ C T U
" ~ ~ M O P O ~ M er0 B.. ." ,
"YM~H~IIIMT~ era", "CABMHYT~ o ~ o H ~ "' ',o ~ o HB~CBOeM
CO~CTIKHHOMA O M ~ " , " O ~ O Hc ~~ ~ A ~ J ~ " ,BCe
T o OHM B b I p a -
X a I O T OrOHb, n O A J W Z M b 1 f i OT A y X a ( ~ 1 3 H b ) .
Koraa IIpMMeHIlloTCX T a K M e BbIp2.XeHMX, K a K "YMP-
KYAMPOBaHMe 0IXHJ', " C O ~ H P ~ H H€TO",
~ "IIoAHXTH~
el'o", " O ~ O H B~ nOMeUJeHHH B O A ~ I " , " ~ T p M r J a ~ e ~ b ~ b ~ f i
o ~ o H ~ "" o, ~ o H ~ n, o l p y > l ( e H ~ b l f i B BOAY" M " O T O H ~B ne-
'LM", TO BCe OHH 0 6 0 3 ~ a ' ~ a OTOHb,
m ~ n o A y Y a e M b 1 f i M3
B ~ O X A ~ H H XH3HCHHOCTH
O ~ ~ [ C R H ~W W H b q ~ ] .
O ~ O H p~a ,3 0 X ~ e ~ ~ b lAfb iI X m H e M , npeo6pa3ye~
BOCnPOM3BOppUJylO XMAKOCTb, n O A y Y Z M y l o B P 3 y A b T a -
-re n e p e n a p M B m M x nM y ~ B , ~ o c n p o ~ 3 ~yoypmp CMA~

(t43un w).
O r o ~ b n, o ~ y ~ a e ~ bHl3i Ai y x a , npeo6pa3ye~B o c n p o -
M3BOAHrrJyW CMAy B XM3HeHHOCTb. O r O H b , n 0 A y ' L a e ~ b l f i
OT B ~ X A ~ H H XOH 3
~ H~e H H O C T t 4 , O ' L H U J X T AbIXZlHMe M
BHOCMT BKAW B IlpOXBAeHMe A y X a A~XOBH ~HIb~ ~
OrO
C Y ~ A M M M P Y C T AyX, ~ 0 ~ 0 p b l fBi O 3 B p a u J X T C X K COCTOX-
HMIO HM'LTO. T ~ K MOM
~ ~ X ~ OCHa'LaAa
M , H A 0 KOHYa, yC-
n e I I I H a H IIpaKTTnKa no AOCTMXeHMIO 6 e c c ~ e p ~ BbI-
m
nOAH5IeTCX n p H IlOMOrrJH OI'HX".
~ O ~ T O M Y 6e3 0 6 ' b x c ~ e ~IlPOCBeUJeHHOrO
~ a HaCTZlB-
HMKa 0 4 e H b T P y A H O nOHXTb 3TM 18 @a3 OrHX.

Bonpoc: He 0 6 ' b x c ~ n ~AeM BbI, n o ' L ~ e H H b 1 f iHaCTaBHMK, 3TM 18

@a3 OAHY 39 ~pyrofi?
OTB~T:
" ~ ; U K M T ~O
~ ~~HM
I I "CCOBePUIaeTCX AbIXaHMeM ' L e p e 3 HOC M
O H 0 n O A p a 3 y M e B X T BAOX M BbIAOX, B Te'LeHMe KOTOPOrO
nl>OM3BOAMTCH M C O ~ H P X T C I I H ~ ~ O A ~ UKOAM'LeCTBO
I O ~
 A e K a p C T B a (CRO RO HAM MMKPOKOCMM'4eCKOrO ;MXMMM-
YeCKOrO 3 ~ e M e ~ ~ a ) . B O ~ A Y X K, O T O P ~ InPOXOAMT
~~ BHM3 M
B B e P X I t 0 T e A y , Ha3bIBaeTCII " A ~ ~ K M M
B ~ T ~ ~ K O (M
CY" H.~
$374). K o r ~ an p M KaSKAQM, BAOXe BO3AyX BXOAMT B TeAO,
B m a KOHLJeH'IpaLJMR 3aCTaBA5leT BOCIIPOM3BOAHUJyIO CU-
A y IIOAHUMaTbCX no KaH;MY 8y M O B ll03BOHO'IHMKe A0
rOAOBb1, M KOI'Aa C IIOCAeAYIOUJMM BbIAOXOM B03AYX no-
K M A Z T TeAO, B a a KOHrJeHTPaLJMII 3aCTaDAReT BOCnpO-
M 3 B O ~ I l J y I OCMAy CnyCKaTbCR no K W ; M Y m 3 H b M O OT r0-
AOBbl BHM3 B IIOAOCTb CMePTHOCTM. TO B a u l a KOHLJeHT-
PaLJMII B p a U J Z T Ko~eco3 a ~ 0 (T.
~ a e. C O B e p I I I X T ABM-
XeHMe no M M K P O K O C M M Y ~ C K Oo
~ p6~~e).
XOTII IIePBOHa'iaAbHO 3 a J K X e ~ ~ b AbIXaHMeM
lk OrOHb
M OUJYUJXM, er0 C A e A y e T P a C C M a T p H B a T b K a K HeOUJy-
y a e ~ b l k(T. e. H a H e r o H e HWO 0 6 p a y a ~ bB H M M ~ H M I I ) ,
n o T o M y TO ecm B ~ 6I y ~ e g~e nel \ f i T b c x 3 a H e r o , OH MO-
X e T CAeAaTbCII O n a c H bIM. Y T O ~ ~6 bI l ~ b~ @ ~ K T M B Hb l ~ ,
OH A O A X e H PaCCMaTpUBaTbcII, KaK H ~ c ~ U J ~ C T B ~ I O U J
K O T O P ~ I ~T,e M H e M e H e e , CyUJeCTByeT. n p M 3 T O M 6~aro-
IIpUIITCTByIOUJeM YCAOBMM BOCIlPOU3BOAIIUJa5l CUAa OKa-
3 b I B X T C I I B ~ I H Y X A ~ H HkO B e P H y T b C I I B H H > K H M ~ 8 a ~ b
mrzn~~.
M ~ X ; L H M ~ M n O A ' b e M a M OllyCKaHMX B O C I I p O M 3 B O ~ -
U J e k CUAbI XI0 MMKPOKOCMMYeCKOMY K p y r y H a 3 b I B X T C X
" 3 a n M p a ~ M e M M O T I I M ~ ~ H M ~ M(XO
" a TaK>l<e

" 3 a ~ p b l ~ a H U e "( X D ) ti O T K p b l B a H U e (nu) - 3T0 A B a AaOCCKUX B b l p W e H U J l . Kor-

A a ~ ~ e l l u r uBO3AyX
k W b l X a e T C R , OH AOCTUTOW H U 3 a X U B O T B U TOAKPeT, BBepX X U 3 -
H e H X y l O CMhy; 3TO M e X W H 3 M 3 a K P b l B W H R A b l X W e M , t l p U KOTOPOM B03AyX UAeT
BHM3, B T O B P e M K a K BH)rrpeHHflfl X U 3 H e H H O C T b n O A H U h I a e T C 3 B%pX K rOAOBe.
n p c l BblAOXe H ~ P Y X H ~ I~
B03AyX ~bl6pacbl~ae~U c f3l H M X H e k W C T U XUBOTa, B T O
B p e m K a K X M 3 H e H H a l l CHAP, T e n e p b o c 8 0 6 o ~ e ~ ~OaT lAaBAeHUR,
l BO3BpaUJaflCR B
H U 3 X U B O T P ; 3 T O O T K P b l B a l i U e M e X W U 3 M a A M X W U R , f l p U KCTOPOM ~ a p y X H b l k8 0 3 -
AyX e b l 6 p a c b l ~ a f l c a , a X U 3 H e H H O C T b OnyCKaCTCfl BHU3.
 " O ~ e k ~ o6e3 , o ~ o p oMkI ~ ~ I Q TB 06-
k o ~ n e p c ~ ~ iHi a" ~
PaTHOM ~ ~ o ~ I I A K ~ " ~ ~ .
HPMOTCYTCTBMM B O ~ ~ ~ X A ~ HMbICAW,
MII KOl'Aa n e H M C
H a I I p X X e H H O CTOMT, YVeHMK A O l u K e H BAOXHYTb BHeUI-
H H BOJAYX,
~ K O T O P b I e AOCTMI'HeT IIOAOCTM CMePTHOCTM
( B OCHOBaHMM I ~ ~ H M C3aCTaDMT
~ ) T a M O'IpMrJaTeAbHOe
X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXaHWe ( U H ~ YU) IlOAHIITbCX no KaHar\y
ay M O K LJeH'Ipy XM3HeHHOCTI.I ( B H M X H H ~8 a H b m ~ l c b ) .
~ O C 3TOI'O
A ~ O H A O A X e H BbIAOXHyTb T a K , q ~ 0 6 b 1OT-
PMLJaTeAbHOe X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXal-lMe B I J e H T P e t43RH ZYH
( C O A H ~ ~ HCO ~~ A ~ T ~ HOnyCTMAOCb
M ~ ) K HMXHeMy a a H b
mRHW. M H~O r O K p a T H O r O IIOBTOpeHMR 3TOI'O
~ O C A yn-
pa>l<HeHMX n e H M C COKPaTHTCX M BepHeTCII H a 3 q A0
H O p M M b H O r O IIOAOXeHMII M YqeHMK 6 y ~ VeB C~T B O B a T b
ce611 O q e H b XOpOU.IO.
T ~ K M0M 6 p a 3 0 ~~ a > l < ~ b l fBAOX
i M BbIAOX BCTpIIXMBa-
e T IIOAe 3AMKCMPa ( H M X H M ~ a~ a H b m R H b ) , CBII3aHHOe C
IIMqKaMM C e M H H b l M IIOTOKOM ( V Y I Y H c~ R H ~ ) ' l , q e p e 3 KO-
T o p b l f i MX AOCTMI'aeT OTPMIJaTeAbHaR BOCnPOM3BO#iUJaR
c M A a ( U H ~L ~ ~ u H ) AM T O ~ O ,q ~ 0 6 b 1 n e p e i i ~B ~c n e p M y .
3 ~ XMAKOCTb
a C O A e P X M T C n e p M a T O 3 0 M A b I M eCAM CAe-
AOBaTb 0 6 b 1 . 1 ~ 0 MMPCKOMY
~ ~ n y T M , TO O H a B b I T e Y e T H a -
p y > I < y , ' l ~ 0 6 b 1 IIPOM3BeCTI.1 nOTOMCTB0, H O eCAM ee ABM-
>KeHMe 6 y ~ Me 3 M
~ eHeHO Ha o 6 p a ~ ~ oOeH, a B H e C e T CBOG
B K A W B CO3AaHMe 30AOTOI'O 3AMKCMPa. Bonpoc 3 a u r o q a -
eTCH TOAbKO B T O M , CAeAOBaTb AM O ~ ~ I ~ H OAAII
M YMMPIIH
n y T M , MAM I I P e B P a T U T b er0 B o 6 p a ~ ~ b 1 i iBTOI'O
. 0 6 ~ ~ -
~ b 1 YeAOBeK
k B aYM H ~ O ~ X O -
H e MO>I<eT n O H R T b . ~ O ~ T O M

l o qLITaTeAb H e A O A X e H CMelllUBaTb 3TOT A ~ O C C K U T~ e~P M U H C Y ~ H M K M G ( ~ 3 3 ~ -

CKMM) B b l P W e H U e M " + ~ e k ~ 6 a~ O3 T B ~ P C T H ~ ~ "
KOTOPOC
, 0 6 0 3 ~ a ~ a e - rYM, 3 a ~ p b l T b l f i
ni\R BCeX e o c r r p u n ~ u k ,C B R 3 W b l X C O p r a t l M U YyBCTB U ~ 3 A a I O l y U f i MeAOAUIO, AO-
C T ' n H y m A U l l l b A M tlpOCBeTAeHHblX. A I O A ~ ~TOT, . K T 0 o 6 p e ~ "@~efi'T)' 6e3 OT-
B e C T M ~ " , nOHUM3CT ~.X~PMY YMa, tlpeACTaBAeHHyKl B T p e X T0Ma.X ~alllefiC e p H U

4 .
r
"A e H U e a" b M * 3 3 ~ " , C(3AaHHYiO B h ~ m ~ B ~U3AaTeAbCTBC e , Rider.
 AMMO 0 6 p a ~ ~ ~ bK cI lxp O C B e Y e H H O M y H X T a B H M K Y , 'ITO-
6 b 1 H e n o r y 6 ~ cnoe
~ b 6y~yyee.
Bonpoc: YTO B I I I I O H M M X T e IIOA B b I p m e H M e M " B ~ C T U o I ' o H ~ " ?

" ~ Y C TMbICAM
~ IIPMXOAXT M YXOART.
H a 6 m ~ a G ~3 ae HMMH,
He IIpMBR3bIBaRCb M H e IJeIIARRCb K HMM.
0 r I p a B ~ b ~ b 1IIyTb.
a k
Bce npMBR3aHHOCTM
B ~ A K~ C
T M~PTM,
HO MHePTHOCTb
- K A O X H O ~~
~ ~cToT~".

B H M M ~ T ~ A ~ H OACOTA~X H a YCTynMTb A O p O r y 6es~y-

Mbm, T a K ' I T 0 CepAJJe (M~CTOn p e 6 b r ~ a C
~ ~~Y1H O C T M )
O C B O ~ O A M T C X O T BCIIKMX B O A H ~ H MM
~ B O ~ M Y I I J ~ H MM~
C T a H e T ~ ~ C ~ A O T HM~ AyXOBHbIM,
I M IIPeBOCXO&5l P O X & -
H W I M CMePTM. ECAM Bbl XOTMTe O C B O ~ O A M T ~ C X
OT He-
IIpaBMAbHbIX ~ b l c ~ e kBbI
, AOAXHbI ITPMAePXMBaTbCII
npaBMAbHOI'0 C 0 3 H W M R M TOI'Aa n o ~ o 6 ~ b MbICAM
l e CaMM
n p e K p a T I I T C X , T a K ' I T 0 B a m e CepAlJe 6 y ~ Ke a ~
K RpKm
A y H a B IIpOCTPaHC'I'Be - IrMCTm, He3anIITHaHHU, 6 e 3 0
BCXKMX ' I y X A b I X ~ ~ p a n ~ eK
~ owr ~
k CepAIJe
a. IlpHBbIKHeT
K 3 T O M y COCTOIIHMIO, O H 0 O C B O ~ O A H T C ~OT
I UAAIO3Mfi, AO-
CTMraJr anOI'eFI B C M e P T M C e p A I J a ( ~ b l C A e k , MMPCKOI'O
Y M ~ )M BOCKPeCeHMM AyXa. ECAM AyX H e YCTaHaBAMBaeT-
CFI, T O C B e T C Y U J H O C T H O ~llPMPOAb1 H e AaCT 0 ce6e 3 H a T b ,
 a eCAM U H T e A A e K T H e 3 a M O p O X e H , T O C v a C T M H e A b 3 R
B b I p B a T b M3 c e 6 ~ B. 3 T O M COCTOHHMM C ~ O K O ~ HRCHOC-
O ~
TM, K O r A a cmoe C O K p o B e H H O e ~ ~ 6 p ~ Cpa MyO no e ~ce6e1
BbI A O A X H b I 6 e 3 n p O M e A A e H M I 1 BOCnOAb30BaTbCR er0
B M ~ ~ ~ ~ M H' lM~ oM6 b, r c o 6 p a ~ bM M K P O K O C M M ' ~ ~ C K HaA-
~
A e~M e H T . BTO H a 3 b I B a e T C H " B ~ A ~ H M O~r M
X M M M ' ~ ~ C K3H -
HII" (AAH c 0 6 u p a ~ 1 . 1 ~ 3 ~ e ~ e ~ ~ a ) .
Bonpoc: K ; u ~ n a ~AkM BAOX M B ~ I A O XB ~ I ~ ~ I B Wn oTA a e M M o n y c K a -
HMe WM3HeHHOrO A ~ I X ~ H H H 1 B ~ rOBOpMAM
I 0 "3ah401)a-
X M B ~ H M M A I I X ~ H M I I ~ ~a, T e n e p b B ~ yI n o M M H a e T e o "ueAe-
HUM O ~ H X " . M H 3~T 0 H e HCHO. ~ o x ~ A Y ~ c TO ~ ', ~ R C . H M T ~
BCe 3 T 0 llOAHOCTbH3.
&B~T: TO nPOMCXOAMT IlOTOMy, 'lTO BbI H e n p a -
B M A ~ H On o H m u MOM Y K ~ ~ ~ H M I IB. H a q a r \ e nepna~iino-
A%eM M O I I y C K a H U e X U 3 H e H H O P O AbIXaHMH, K O T O p O e no-
BOpaYUBa42T Ko~eco~ K O H C~A y, X M T AhR O T O X A e C T B A e -
HUH npogecca M ~ I L U A ~ H McI I~ p a y e l i u Ke o~A e c a AAH TO-
r0, ~ ~ 0 6 6I l1p e K p a T M T b BCe ~ A Y X A ~ M RMbICAM. T o r ~ a
KaK c A e A y m y u e B A ~ I X ~ H M M
H B~IA~IX~HM
HHanpanAHeT
X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXaHMe (Zju) B B e p X M BHM3, ~ a 6 b 13 a B e p -
UMTb n o ~ ~ b K
l pky r , OCTaH'aBAMBaSI 3 T M M IIOAHRTMe no-
nonoro opraHa. Bce TO n p e c . 4 e A y e . r geAb npeao-rnpa-
TMTb YTe'lKy B O C ~ ~ O U ~ B O +XMAKOCTM
$ X ~ ~ ~ (C~M~HM) ,
HO 3 T 0 A O M H O 6 b 1 T b n p O M 3 B e A e H O TOAbKO n o c A e T O r O ,
KaK 6 y ~ c06pm
e ~ ~ A X M M M ~ ~ ~3C
A eKMM
e H~T . n 0 ~ a A y f i c -
T a , n p 0 ~ y ~ a k TBCe
e 3 T 0 BHMMaTeAbHO. ~ T A
HB a P O A a
AblXaHMH BbI3BaHbI ~ A U H C T B ~ H H O3Z+
~l$aYek "B~CTM
O ~ O H L " , Y T O ~ ~H O
I BepHyTb Ko~ecoS ~ K OC HA ~ B O ~ H O ~ ~
geAbH3: 0 c ~ a H o B M T b6 ~ y m ~ ~ab ~
~ c ~h eeM
i i npeAoTBpa-
TMTb YTe'lKY B O C ~ ~ O H ~ B OXMAKOCTM.
A R ~ ~ ~

Bonpoc: YTO BbI IIOAp23yMeBa42Te n0A "OCTFIHOBKO~ O ~ H X " ?

 ECAM l I M 3
OTB~T: X M B O T a IIBAOH B O C ~ ~ ) O M ~ U O CMAbI
A R ~ ~
( Y ?~W I C
1 $ 1 ~ ) , B H ~ T ~ H HOrO111.
M ~ O C T a H ~ A M B a e T C H IlyTCM I l p e -
K?TaUJ"lMH BCRKOrO aXMMM11CCKOr0 AblXXlMR 'IelTe3 HOC.
I l a ~ p ~ a p' Ixx ~ I ~HI-I c l t a 3 a : "ECAM ; M X M M M ~ I ~ KIIG
C
3 A e M e H T C O 3 p e A , T O r A a M C I l O A b 3 o U ~ 4 M eO r I i H I t W o Ill=-
K ~ ~ T M Tn o
~ T, o M y -IT(> r l p o A A e l l M e orm MOXCOT era MC-
IIOPTMTL". b e ~ ~ ~ e ~ ) ~ t q
t yb llI I C
? IUk CKwU: "'~OA~KO
K O r A a H X T Y I I M T D P M R AAR OCT;1lIOBKM O r H R , MO>KHO CO-
GMy a ~ bM M K ~ K O C M M I I C C K M ~U X M M M ' I ~3AeMe11T
CKM~
AAH OCY YeCTBAelIMH 11lT0l~h113a".
B p ~ AAR
n n p e K p a Y e H M R O r H R H X T y n X T n o c A e TO-
r0, K a K ~ O A O T OC~B e T llOK;UKtfl'CR ABa pwa; 31.0 6 y ~ e
1 3 p e M e t l e M ,$AH C O ~ H P ~ H M IMMKPOKOCMM1leCKOrO
I aXl4-
MM1reCKOrO 3 A e M e H T a n y T e M I I p e K p a l l J e H M R BCRKOrO U-
XMMMqeCKOrO A b I X ~ i M R q e l 3 C 3 HOC. ECAM YqeIIMK >I<AeT
T p e T b e l ' O IlORBAetIMR 30AOTOI'O C B e T a AAR OCTXIORKM O r -
H R , OH YnyCTMT U p e M I l M M ~ K P O K O C M M ~ ~ C K3AeMt'HT
M~~
6 y ~ e T
MCIlO~~~le1l.
O r o ~ hA O A X e l l 6b11'b OCTaHOUACH A0 c o 6 ~ p a ~ ~
MaKPOKOCMMqeCKOTO 3AeMeHl';l AAH IIpOpbIBa. ~ O C A
BTOlTOrO tipO5IUACHMII 3OAOTOrO C U e T a 3 A e M e H T AOA>KeH
6a1,rb c o 6 p a ~AAH n o A H o r o UOCCTaHOBAeHMR BOCllpOM3-
BOARUJIJ~I?CMAM ( Y ~ u H ) ,X M 3 H e H H O C T M ( Y U ) M AyXa
( ~ 1 3 H b ) . ECAM A b l X U M e q e p e 3 HOC n p M M e H R e T C H BO Bpe-
tvUl C O ~ M ~ ~ I 3MA eRM e H T a , TO ~ O C A ~ A H U6G y ~ rOTOB
e ~
P a C C e R T b C R 140'4hI0, n O T O M y IITO BA~IXXM~IM
G BhIAblXae-
M b l k BO3AyX M O X e T BCTPRXItYTb M MCIlOpTMTb BOCIIPOM3-
BOARLlJytO M X M 3 H e H H Y t O CMAbI. I~O~TO
H aM0 ~n p e K p a -
~TOG~I
TMTb UCRKOe U X M M M q e C K O e A b I X a l l M e V e p e 3 tIOC,
OCTaHOBMTb O r O H b .
Bonpoc: ECAM fie IIpOM3BOAXTE.II aAXHMMYeCKHe BAOXH M BbIAOXM,
TOrA'n KaK Xe CMOrYT BOCnPOH3BOARUJaR M X M 3 H e H H a R
CMAb1 IlOAHHMaTbCII M OnYCKaTbCIl no MMKpOKOCMM'leC-
KOMY ~pyry?
OTB~T:
XOTH Ab1x;Uiue r e p e 3 1 1 o c I j e M C ~ O A ~ ~ ~ ~~ATX M
C MI M
I 'KCKM,
B H y T l X l l H e e X M 3 H e H H O e AblXaHHe B T e A e 6 y ~ nep O~T a A -
KMUaTbCH BBepX M BHMJ n y T e M KOHYeHTpaLJMM Y'IeHMKa.
, .
I a K H M O ~ P ~ ~ OKM~, ~ b l llOA%eM
f i H OnycKaHMe XM3-
I I ~ H I ~ OALIX;U~HII
~ O corr\acyeTcII c ero ~ o ~ eMi nio n o p a y u -
B'XT Ko~eco3 a ~ 0 ~TOAbKO a; 3 T 0 M O X e T 6 b l ~ bH a 3 B W O
O ~~ H~ I I ~AAH
" O C T ~ ~ O U KO ' c6opa aAXMMMqeCKOr0 3 A e M e H -
Ta.

Bonpoc: '[TO Bbl n O A p a 3 y M e B a e T e n o A " B O ~ A ~ ~ ~ C T BO U

r H~X MH a
O T O H ~ "?

O T B ~ TBTO
: O3HalcXT I I p M M e H e H M e BAOXa H BblAOXa &MI c6opa
aAXHMMYeCKOr0 3 A e M e H T a , IlpMBOAR BOCnpOM3BO&IluJyIo
M X M 3 H e H H Y l O CHAbl B n e Y b B H M X H ~ Gq X T M X M B O T a
npu n o M o UJM "~er~oo r oe ~ e p ~ a( A" ~ I X ~ H M S ) . TO 03-
HaqaeT ynpanAeeMe ~ o c n p o ~ 3 ~ o p p u C~Me AGO ~ ~T. a ~ o i i
IIpOlJeCC Ha3bIBaeTCX " B O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C T
O rBH X a o~oH~".
U ~H M
~ A ~ M OrHII
~ H TB B O C ~ ~ O M ~ B O A X
CMAe,
U J ~X
~M~ 3HeH-
HOCTM M AYXOBHOCTM ABHXeTCIl O T A K D (AM O'IMUJe-
HMX) M 3 a T e M K G, r A e OH H e M H O r O 3Zl#2PXHBaeTCX H
H a 3 b I B X T C I I BOCXOAXUJMM IIOAOXHTeAbHbIM O r H e M (RH
XO). 3 a ~ OeF HaYIdHaeT
~ ABMXeHMe BHH3 OT G K J (AAfl
OYMUJ~HHX) 3 a T e M OCTilllaDAHBXTCII B A. OH H a 3 b I B a -
eTCII HMCXOAIIYMM OTpMIJaTeAbHbIM O r H e M (UHb XO).
T ~ K M 06pa30~
M ero ABWKeHMe (CUH), 3UepXKa
(y,)
B O ~ O ~ H O B A ~ &BMXeHMIl
HM~ (Zj.324) H OCTilllOBKa
(YXL) IIBAIIIOTCX YeTblpbM5l $ a 3 a ~ H aAXMMHYeCKOr0
npogecca, ~ o ~ o p bBKAWYXT
~ i i B ce6x 06a 3 ~ a n oa w q e -
HMX. ~ P ~ K T M K ~ I O L L
AOlUKHbI
JM~ n p O A Y M a T b BCe 3 T 0 , YTO-
6 a 1 XCHO npeACTaDMTb ce6e BeCb MeXaHM3M. KWKALIG
yMKA OT A K D,G, J H 0 6 p a ~ ~K oA B K A I o q a e T nOA.beM
nOAOXUTeAbHOr0 Ili M C n y C K O ' I p M L J a T e A b H O ~ OM H b ; 3a-
 K p b l B M M e M O T K p b I B W M e M e X a H M 3 M a AbIXaHMR; MCnOAb-
3 O B a t i M e BO3AyXOAyBHbIX MeXOB; l l l e C T b +a3 KpyrOBOI'O
ABMXellMH M co6upa~ueM O Y M y e H H e 2l.AXMMMYeCKOrO
3AeMeIiTr A0 K ~ K O GC T e n e H M ~ ~ P ~ K T M K yY M
H )k noii~e~
BCe 3 T 0 , 3aBMCMT OT T O r O , BCTpeTMT AM OH n p O C B e y e H -
1 1 0 r 0 H a C T a D H M K a MAW H e T .
ECAM Bbl H e BCTPeTMAM I l ~ O C B e Y e H H O r OYqHTeAR M
C O ~ C T B ~ H H
M O X C T C IlOAaraTbCH AMWb H a C B O ~ ~ I ~ ~
MHTeA-
A e K T I l p M H3YYeHMM AaOCCKMX TeKCTOB, M eCAM BO B p e M I l
BOCXOXAeHMR IlOAOXMTeAbHOrO O r H R Bbl TOAbKO OTCYM-
T ~ I B ~ ~ T 180
C H pa3 (9 x 4 = 365 +a)OT A K B, C, E M
F, a I30 B P e M OnyCKaHMR er0 OTpMLJaTeAbHOrO A B O ~ ~ H U -
Ka 120 pa3 (6x 4 = 24 x 5 @a3)OT G,H,I, K,L, H e no-
HMMW n p o r J e c c o B 3 a n u p a ~ u-
~ OTnupaHua B Mexa-
H M 3 M e A b I X a H W , M UleCTM +a3 aJ\XMMMYeCKOrO nPOrJeC-
Ca, 3aI3epIlI;uoyMX J++~KTMBHYIO pa601-y O P ~ U T ~ A ~ H O ~
ABMXeHUR no MMKl>OKOCMMYeCKOMy Kpyry, T O r A a Bbl
n p o c T o n o T e p n u T e H e y A a q y B cnoeii npax-rtwe "nos~ek-
CTBMH OTHR H a O M H ~ " M BCe B a W M YCMAMR 6 y ~ 6ec- y ~
nAOAHb1. ( B a ~ u r eM b l BCTpeTMAMCb C Y e T b l p b M H T M n a M M
OI'HR, pa3XMTZMOrO A~IXNH~M.)

Bonpoc: a 3H XO 3HH IIepeYMCAReT A p y r M e C e M b TMnOB O r -

HR; YTO n O A P a 3 Y M e B Z T C R nOA 6 ' 3 a M ~ ~ ~ M O
~ r -a H
HR " ?

OTB~T:
" 3 a . h 4 0 ~ a > ~ ~ OB~~H ~R "e 0 3 H a ' l a e T 3aMOpa>l<HBaHHe A y X a
H npuneAeHue ero B H H X H M ~ aanb
~ mnb.
BA a ~ b ~ M CKa3aHO:
H "Bce M a c T e p a y Y a T TOAbKO
AMUlb 3 a M O p a . X M B a H H H ) HAM C)HKCCIPOB~HMH~ A y X a B no-
AOCTU XM3HeHHOCTM. @ M K C M P O B ~ H MA~y X a 3 a K A l o Y Z T C H
B KOHlJeHTparJMM, KOTOpaJI IlpMBOAMT K TOMY, YTO BeKM
o6oux rAa3 CMbIKWTCII A p y r C ApyrOM C n p e ~ e ~ b ~ 0
lTAOTHOCTbIO. TO Ha3bIBaeTCR " ~ ~ . ~ ~ o P ~ . X M B ~AY-
H M ~ M
xa", " B ~ ~ M A O M~ a ~ "C
3 M " O ~ A M H ~ H M COAHrJa
~M C Ay-
H O ~ "+~IUTOTO, Y T O ~ ~BepHYTbCR
I K B P O X A e H H O M Y CO-
CTORHMIo 3 a p O A b I U I a B y~p06eM a T e p M , K O r A a 06a er0
rAa3a eye corhwnaHbr M npupoaa M X M B H ~ eve eAu-
Hbl. ~ P POXAeHMM
M IlpMpOAa M X M 3 H b A e l u r T U H W B O e
M TaKMM 06pa30~n e p e c T m T 6 b 1 ~ beAUHbIMM.
" ~ ~ M o P Z X M B ~ HoI'HX"
M~ 0 3 H a ' I a e T , ' I T 0 06a r A a 3 a
COPAaCOBaHHO CMOTPXT BHH3 B nOAOCTb XM3HeHHOCTM
( H M X H M ~ a a l c b WlSlcb), K0TOP;LII Ha3bIBaeTCX 3aTBOPOM
>KM3HM (UUHU 3 H b ) M KOTOPaR HaXOAMTCII nOA n y n K 0 M
n e l w A n o q K a M u ; P a c c - r o n H u e OT H e r o AO X M B O T ~M me-
Hbl HaXOAMTcJl B COOTHOrUeHHM CeMU K T p e M . OH^ HaXO-
AMTCX H u x e n o q e K , no yeH.rpy caepxy c nu d a n b MAM
MOJrOM, a CHM3y C ~ O & O r U B a M M HOr, 6 y ~ MCTO'IHM-
p ~
KOM BPOXAeHHOPO A0 (MAM 6 e c c ~ e p ~ u~~O) .~ T O M Y
CKa3W0: " 3 ~ nOAOCTb
a H e IIBlureTCX M ~ T ~ P U ~ A M
~ B
H O ~
~ e OCyrrJeCTBMeTCX
k ~ A H H ~ HMUy X~C K O r O (ZjSHb) M
XeHCKOrO ( v ~ b ) Ha'IaA. OH^ H a 3 b I B a e T U nOAOCTbI0
A Y X O B H O ~XM3HeHHOCTM, KOTOPaR C O A e p X M T 06a 3Ae-
MeHTa ~ocnpo~3noppyek
CMAbl - OFHsr M BOAbI.
APBHXX MeAMYMHCKm H a y K a H a 3 b I B a A a ee ''~~TBo-
POM X M ~ H H " . M0k HaCTaBHHK h 0 K ~ rH0 B O P M : "Kor-
A a K p B b AOCTUraeT 3 ~ 0 knOAOCTU (no+$ ~ Y ~ K O MO
) ,H a
nepf2XOAMT B OTPMLJaTeAbHYSO BOCIlPOM3BO&S?rrJyI0 CUAy
( U H ~Zj3Utt), K O T O P m npOKAaAbIBaeT ce6e n y T b B IIU'I-
KM".
Bce y Y e H b l e 0 6 1 1 3 a ~ b 1 3 ~ a ~ 'ITO
b , T O ~ O , '1~06b1
nOABeCTM AYXOBHOCTb ( 2 4 4 3 ~ ~ B
) IlOAOCTb XM3HeHHOCTM
M 3WepXa'fb ee T a M , ~ P ~ K T M K Y I ~A ~
OA~ XJ eM
H ~
CMAeTb B
MeAMTarJMM B T H X O ~C ~ O K O ~ HKOMHaTe,
O ~ O ~ P ~ T M T ~
r A a 3 a H a w , '1~06b1 CMOTPeTb B 3Ty nOAOCTb, O C 0 3 H a B a S
ee, HO H e llPMBX3bIBaSICb K ~ e kTO
, eCTb OH C n e p B a V B -
CTByeT ee npMCyTCTBUe, a 3 a T e M 3 a 6 b r ~ a 0e ~~ e k n. p M
u B 3 ~ 0 6n o A o c T u , y~ n p a K T M K y m q e r o
+ n ~ c a g ~Ayxa
AOAXeH 6 b 1 ~ bnyCTblM, TO eCTb C B O ~ O & H ~ IOT
M 'IYBCTBeH-
~ H e nPMBX3aHHbIM HM K @ O P M ~ ,HM K
HbIX B O C ~ P H X T MM
O T H O C M T ~ A ~ H nOy~C T O T e +jAX TOI'O, Y T O ~ ~WIX P a H M T b
n 0 ~ H e k I l I y S O TMrUMHY M OTCYTCTBMe MaTepMaAbHOCTM.
Ha 3TOM 3 T m e 0rrJyrrJaeTC.R AHrUb AblXaHMe npu IIOAHO~
B H Y T P ~ H HraPMOHMM
~~ M e X A y B e p x ~ e 6U H M X H ~'I=-
~
TXMM T e A a , KOT0P;LII ~ P O X B l u r e T UB H e B b I P a 3 U M O n p M -
 RTHOM O y y y e H u u . B ~ e 3 a n ~ero
0 r A a 3 a KZLXYTCSI cnwa-
IO~UMM c ero A u g a B n o A o c T b H u x w e r o aanb m n g , co-
3 ~ a n ay ~H e r o o y y y e H M e , YTO ero T e A o 6 0 ~ b m eH e cy-
Y e C T B Y e T M YTO MCTMHHM XM3HeHHOCTb H a n O A H q e T
MeCTO D ~ M T W ~ . U IAyXa, ~ 0 ~ 0 p b l f6i y ~ YeA~e p X M B a T b ee.
Bonpoc: YTO BbI nOApa3yMeBat2Te n0A " I I ~ o B ~ A ~ H UO ~~ H
MX " ?

OTB~T:
TO l l n o ~ o x ~ ~ e O~ ~hO~Hb~( ~R 6 y ~ ya3.6-
" Hk X O ) , KaK e ~
xcHeHo B rnane VI. B r A a n e IV yy<e p a c c M a V u n a n o c b
c06upanue MMKPOKOCMMYeCKOrO BHeLUHerO ZiAXUMUYeC-
KOrO 3 A e M e H T a w TOrO, q ~ 0 6 b 1BePHYTb er0 o 6 p a ~ ~ B o
X T~M X M B O T IIOCKOAbKY
n e q b ( B H M X H ~Y ~ ~); 3TOT 3Ae-
MeHT ewe H e C Y ~ A M M M P O B W IIpM IIOMOYM OI'HH, OH MO-
X e T YTeqb npOYb no~o6~ 'I=,o HenpepbIBHO H W U B Z -
MOMY B rarurcy, K O T O P ~ R B K o H g e KOHLJOB n e p e n o A m e T -
CH, a 3aap BbIAMBaeTUI H a p y X y .
TOT ~OAOXUT~A~O
H rM
O H~b~M O X e T n p e o 6 p a 3 o ~ a ~ b
3 A e M e H T 5 n e q M B XM3HeHHOCTb w TOrO, ' 1 ~ 0 6 ~ 1 ripe-
KPaTMTb ee yTeYKy. TOT 3 T m MMeeT rOPa3AO 6 0 ~ b r u e e
BHaHMC, YeM IIPOCTO c o 6 c l p a ~ n e3 A e M e H T a , KaK OTMeYa-
AOCb B r A W IV.
n0CAe CO~MP~HMM
H yAePXMBaHMH BHeIIlHerO ZiAXM-
MMYeCKOrO 3 A e M e H T a , K a K 6 b 1 ~ 0OnMCaHO BbIIUe, I I p a K -
T M K ~ I O ~ M
CH~M
~ ,B MeAMTaLJMM, AOtVKeH 3 a K p b l T b rAa3a,
B p q a T b MMM CAeBa H a n p a D O AeBHTb pa3 U 3aTeM npM-
OCTaHOBMTbCH, ~ ~ 0 6 bIlOCMOTpeTb,
1 H e OTKPblACIl AM 3 a -
T B O p B H y T p e H H e r O KpyI'a C B e T a ECAM H e T , TO OH AOAXeH
H e M H O r O IlOAOXAaTb U 3 a T e M 3 a K P b l T b r A a 3 a , ' i ~ 0 6 b l CAe-
A a T b BTOPMqHO TaKMe Xe AeCHTb A B M X ~ H M rAa3aMI.l
~~ M
O n X T b OCTaHOBMTbCX, ' 1 ~ 0 6 ~ 1 Y3HaTb H e llOHBMACH AM
C W T M H e OTKPbIA AM OH C B O ~3aTBOP.
~ ECAM HeT, OH AOA-
X e H I l p O A O M a T b AeAaTb TO Xe YMCA0 O ~ O P O T O B n0
T T b e M y M WTBePTOMy pa3y. T ~ K M06pa30~
M OH AeAa-
eTsmbrpe pa3a OAHO M TO x e YMCAO npaye~uii.TO HB-
lUleTC5I " ~ ~ M B ~ A ~ B
H AMB U
~ XM
e H M e O ~ H X " Ps\H IlOAHH-
TUX nOAOXMTeAbHOr0 OFHH.

Bonpoc: YTO BbI n O H M M a e T e nOA " o ~ ~ c K ~ H MO~~ H

MX " ?
O T B ~ T":O n y c ~ a r ~Oe~ H R " - TO A ~ ~ C T B M~ ~~ , C T ~ B A X I O
O r O H b YXOAHTb. B A a ~ 4b 3 C K a~3 W O : ~ " n o A ' b e ~ n o A o -
>KMTeAbHOrO O r H R COBePLIlaeTCX 3a 36 O ~ O ~ O T O Ba , O n y C -
a 24 06opo~a".
K W M e ero o l p w r ~ a ~ e ~ ~b ~ oC kT 3 M
~ P OMn y C K W W M OTPMLJaTeAbHOrO O r H X TOrO,
~ TI K P b I T b J a T B O P , ~ P ~ K T M K Y H ~ Y
Y T O ~O M~
AOiVKeH Bpa-
Y a T b r A a 3 a M M OT G o 6 p a ~ ~K 0D, A M J 6 p a . OH AOA-
>KeH 3 a K p b I T b r A X i a , q ~ 0 6 b 1 C M O T P e T b H a B H Y T P ~ H H M ~
K p y r CBeTa. BUM, q T 0 3 a T B O p e y e H e O T K P b I T , O H AOA-
X e H CAeAaTb 3 T 0 e y e q e T b l p e pa3a. TO e C T b O I I y C K a H M e
OrHII.
T O A ~ Kr AOa 3 a RBAIIH3TCII H O C M T e M M M IIOAOXMTeAb-
H O r O HacI'CUa (%) , T O r A a K a K O C T a A b H O e T e A O OlpMLJa-
TeAbHO ( M H ~ ) .M C O A e P X a y M e nOAOXMTeAbHYH3 3 H e p -
rMH3 r A a 3 a CO B P e M e H e M IIpeOAOAeBafOT OTpMLJaTeAb-
HOCTb T e A a , T a K YTO IIOAO>I<MTeAbHOe H a q a A O (1%)
6 y ~ e ~
A e H b OTO AHII Pa3BMBaTbCII B T O BpeMSI, K a K O l p M r J a T e A b -
H o e HaYaAO (Mna) 6 y ~ COOTBeTCTBeHHO
e ~ YMeHbUIaTb-
CX. CO B p e M e H e M BCe TeAO C A e A X T C X I l O A O X M T e A b H b I M
(In). B T e K C T e 3 T 0 BbIpa>t<eHO T a K : " n 0 ~OaT p H L J a T e A b -
H o e H a q u o ( M n b ) H e 6 y ~ ~eO ~ A H O C T ~M H ~~ ~ H W O6ec- ,
C M e P T M e H e M O X e T 6 b 1 ~ bA ~ ~ ~ ~ TO r T~a my e ~IIB- ~ "
AXeTCII YAaAeHMeM OTpMJJaTeAbHOI'O OFHA ( U H ~XO) .
T ~ P M M"HC A B M ~ ~ H0Mr H~H " 6 b 1 ~P a 3 ' b I I C H e H BblUIe.
"CABM~W 0rHMX "~ - 3 T 0 H 3 M e H e H M e , H e C B I I 3 W H O e C
AUMXeHMeM, TO eCTb TpWCMYTaLJMII, llPOM3BOAMMaJI
1 r~H e M , B p e 3 y A b T a T e K O T O P O ~ HMYTO 6 0 ~ b m e
6 b l c ~ p b O
He 6y+$e~
MMeTb ($OPM~I MAM p a 3 M e p a IIPM P a C C M O T p e -
HHH KaK C ~ A M ~ K O T
~ aOK , H C A a A e K O r O P%CTOXHMII.
OHOT a m e n p e A n o A a r a e T n c K n l o s e H u e ~ m 6 b 1 xH e -
cIHCTbIX OCTaTOYHbIX 3 A e M e H T O B . w TOAbKO 3 T 0 M O X H O
H a 3 b I B a T b ~ O , & ~ M H H ~()(#WKTMBHOCT~H).
O~
T ~ P M M"H
y c n o ~ o e ~ uo ~eH I I " 0 3 H a Y z T OCyYeCTBAe-
H H e H e n O A B M X H O C T H (CM. B ~ I U I ~I I)p M n O A H O M OTCYTCT-
BMM MbICAM 0 ce6e UAM 0 Y ~ M - H H ~ Y APYrOM.
A~ TO A e A a -
eTCA TOPO, Y T O ~ 0~ 6I e c n e s u ~ b n y c T o T y T e A a M MH-
TeMeKTa T o r ~ aW B e p U I e H H O BHe3anHO nyaKmKyH3-
 UJMfi B A p y r nOYyBCTByeT, '4TO OH KaK ~ Y A T OBbIXOAMT M3
CBOerO @ M ~ M Y ~ c K o ~Toe A a , Y T O ~ ~
IlOCMOTpeTb
I H a CBOe
IIOAAMHHOe AMJJO. T O A ~ K3 TO0 M O X H O Ha3blBaTb MCTMH-
HbIM P ~ ~ Y A ~ T ~ T O M !

Bonpoc: YTO BbI n O H M M X T e noA B b I p a K e H U e M " O ~ O HB~ hU (TO

e C T b O r O H b B AOMe O ~ H R ) ?
OTB~T: IlBAIleTCIl AOMOM OrHIl. K o r ~ aC e p A I j e ~os6yxae-
HO, n e H M C CTOMT H a l l P I I X e H H b I M , HeCMOTPII H a OTCYTCT-
BMe ~ b ~ c ~ TO
e k .RBAIleTCIl HaCTOIlYMM O r H e M B AOMe,
~ o ~ o p anOAHMMaeT
~fi l l 0 ~ 0 ~ 0OfPi r W M, XOTIl MbICAM OT-
CyTCTByIOT, 3TOT OrOHb H e IlBAIIeTCIl T e M UOAAMHHbIM
OI'HeM, ~ o ~ o p b ~
r k~ 6 p ~ BpYacbI
y e XM3HM
~ Y3bZ ( M ~ X A Y
11 Y X ~ M M oelrepa M 1 YZOM H O Y M ) , K o r A a n e m c H a x o -
AMTCIl B COCTOIlHMU 3PeKgMM. ECAM BbI 6 y ~ e c~oe6 ~ p a ~ b
~ A X M M M ~ ~ C3 A
Ke M e~H T B ~ e n o ~ x o & H y MMOMeHT,
k OH
6 y ~ CAMUIKOM
e ~ H e s p e A b l M , ITOTOhty YTO XM3HeHHOCTb
H e 6 y ~ neo~
h ~ o kM M O X e T h e r K O paCCeIlTbCIl. ~ O ~ T O M
H e CAeAyeT c 0 6 ~ p a ~3TOT
b 3AeMeHT B HenOAXOAIlYee
BpeMII. TOT 3 A e M e t i T CAeAyeT C O ~ H P ~TOAbKO
T ~ KOrAa
DeHMC CTOMT B COCTOIlHMM 3PeKLJMM B q a C IICM3HM l43b2, M
3 T 0 CAeAyeT AeAaTb ~ ~ I C T P OnOTOMy
, YTO 3 T 0 BpeMA HB-
A5IeTCX IlOAXOAIlyMM, M eCAM BbI YnyCTMTe 3TOT MO-
M e H T , T O r A a 3 A e M e H T COCTaPMTCR M C T a H e T 6ecno~es-
HbIM, nOTOMy YTO XCM3HeHHOCTb PaCCeeTCR nOCAe np0-
XOXAeHMIl Ol'HII B er0 AOMe.
CO~CTB~HHOM

Bonpoc: YTO TaKoe oroHb cepAga?

O T B ~ TK:o r ~ ar A a 3 a ~ A ~ C T HM
T C e p A g e B H ~ P M P Y ~ OT
T CTPaCTM,
3 T 0 H a 3 b I B X T C I l " ~ A ~ D H ~OI M
~ H ~ M(YXJWb
" X O ) MAM Or-
HeM cepaga.
TO I I A O X O ~OrOHb, B O ~ H M K ~ L I JOTW M~ ~ I C A ~M ~ ,
l l p ~ ~ ~ ~ y lAONKeH
o r r ~ ~~3 k6 e r a er0.
~ b K o r ~ ar A a 3 a BM-
AIIT AMYO npOTMBOn0A0>KHOrO n o A a , 3T0 ~ 0 3 6 y x ~ a e ~
A y p H b I e MbICAM, B C e p A g e BO3HMKXT BAeYeHMe, M 3 T 0
ITOAHMMXT i ip r W . ECAM
no~o~oO ~ T ~ ~ K T M K ~ I O IBI J M
3 T O M C A y l r X I I O n b I T X T C I l c o 6 p a ~ b~ A x M M M Y ~ c K M
3Ae-
~~
MeHT, T O HC'IMCTaJl BOCIIPOM3BOAHUJaJ1 X M A K O C T b CO-
3 A X T M A A K ) ~ ~ P H3 A
~ eIM~e H T .
>TOT M ~ I 0 3 0 p ~ b l3 6A e M e H T I I O X O X H a H ~ ~ B H O
MY, y ~ a p on o~c T e n e H H o T e p a -
K O T O P ~ I n~o c A e M H o r M x
e T BO3AyX M MOPLLJMTCR. TO'IHOT W e , K O r A a MbIC.2M
YBeAMqMBaIOT I I A O X O ~OTOHb, CT;ISIOBIILIJH~~CR BCe 6o~ee
MHTCHCMBHbIM, T O r A P I I O A O B O ~O~ p r W IIOAHMMaeTCR BCe
.rage. ECAM BbI 6 y ~ e O~ We M ~ O ~ HAYMaTb,
O qTO n p M 3TOM
C 0 3 A X T C R ~ A X U M M ~ ~ C3K
A eMM~e H T H 6 y ~ e C~TeP e M M T b -
CR w 6 p a ~ bero, B a m M YCMAMR 6 y ~ 6y e ~c n ~ o ~ ~M bB1 ~ I
A M U I ~ npMIIMHMTe ce6e B p e A .
Bame Ten0 6 y ~ KZ32TbCR
e ~ CMAbHbIM, n O K a AAMTCX
3 T O T I I A V X O ~O r O H b , HO B a I I I e 3 A O p B b e 6 y ~ Tee p~n e T b
O T 3'1'01'0 yyep6 M $ ~ K T M Y ~ C K H6 y ~ BeC e~ B p e M YXyA-
UlaTbCII. YK T O e n o 3 6 y x ~ e ~
CeKCy
~ e W b H O r O >KeAaHMR
I I O A O ~ H OTOMY, K a K eCAM 6 b 1 BbI H W e B W M H a rOAOBy CO-
AoMeIlHyro mmny, c o 6 n p a r l c b T ~ I I I M T6~0 ~ b m 0 6 nomap.
Bbl .\MU16 q a H e c e T e yryep6 CBOeMy T e A y M H e TOAbKO H e
AOCTMrHeTe ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T140,
M R ~ ,a o 6 o p oP~M,C K y e T e CMAb-
HO COKPaTMTb CBOK) X M 3 H b .
~ O ~ T O MBb1
Y AOA>KHbl ~ 3 6 e r a ~
c 0b 6 m p a ~ b ZUXMMM-
Y ~ C K M3 A~ e M e H T , K O r A a O r O H b D a r n e r 0 C e p A y a B O ~ ~ Y X -
A e H AYPHbIMM MbICAXMM. ~ I I o ~ H ~ TB b~I I U
I e~ CeMb
? TM-
IIOB n o n e A e H M n O ~ H R : 3 a ~ o p a > i < ~ ~ a ~ ~ en, o ~ n e ~ Me ~ ~ e
O n Y C K a M e OI'HR, CABMraHMe OI'HX, YCIIOKOeHMe OTHli,
OrOHb B e r O W ~ C T B ~ H H O M
AOMe,- BO3HMKaIOT O T A y X a M
MOrYT n p e 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~ bBOCIIPOM3BOA%UJYIO CLlAy B >KM3-
HCHHOCTb. TOT O r O H h A y X a BO3HMKaeT O T A ~ X O B H OCM-
~~
Abl B I'Aa3aX M, eCAM O H I I O A A e P X M B Z T C X np~o6pe~e~-
H b I M Ab1X;ISIMeM Y e p 3 HOJAPM, T O O H M O X e T C Y ~ A W M M -
DOBaTb BOCIIpOM3BOARIlJyIo CMAy M I I O A A e p X M B a T b BHyT-
P e H H e e IKM3HeHHOe AbIXWMe.
M O 6 HaCTaBHMK ARO K ~ c~a3an:
H "Bocnpo~3no~-
UJarl CMAa M O X e T 6 b 1 ~ bIIOAHOCTblO c y 6 ~ ~ ~ ~ p 3oa n a ~
CTO ~ ~ M eT O f 6
Aa O H a 3anOAHMT BeCb HM3 X M B O T ~ " .
>TO H e 03Ha'IaeT AMUlb BO3MeUJeHMR ~ X C ~ X H H
B O C I I ~ O M ~ B O Ay
J Ie k CMAbI, nOCKOAbKY 3 T a CMAa A O A X H a
 6 b 1 ~ by ~ e p X W ~ 0M
f iB ~ I A ~ A ~ H HT aOK~ '4TO
~ , BbI M O X e T e
BHOBb B e P H Y T b ce6e TO KOAM'feCTBO, KOTOpOe BbI MMeAM
B CKPbITOM COCTOXHMM K M O M e H T y ~ O A O B O3PeAOCTM.
~ ~
3 ~ naO A H O T a B ~ O X A ~ H H XM3HeHHOCTM
O ~ ~ B BPUIeM
T e A e n p o m m e T c x B B a r n e m ~ O A O B O Moprane, ~o~opark
C O K p a U J Z T C 5 I BO ~ p e h
7peHMPOBKM. BOCCTWOBA~H
IlOAHOrO 3 a n a c a ~ o c n p o ~ 3 n o ~ ~My Xe fMi ~ H ~ H HCHA
O ~ ~
O C y Y e C T B M e T C X n p M IIOMOirJM ApyFMX CeMM TMnOB no-
BeAeHMX O r H X , a W e H H O : LJMPKYMLJWI, nOAH5ITMe, no-
rpymeme B n o ~ y o, T p u r J a T e A b H o r o OFM, OFHR B n o M e -
CeMb TMnOB OFHR HC-
UJeHMM BOAbI M OFHX B n e 9 M . ~ T M
XO@T M3 B ~ X A ~ H HXM3HeHHOCTM
O ~ M C~OCO~CTBYWT
B O ~ A ~ ~ ~ C T B~ M
HW~ P F M AM~ I X W M I I H a n p o n n A e a u e nepno-
HaqaAbHOFO A y X a ~ O nAe p B O H a W U b H b I M AyXOM IIOApa-
3 y M e B Z T C J l TO, q T O 3 T 0 AYX H e M O X e T 6 b 1 ~ bHMKaK Bbl-
paxes.
Bonpoc: YTO BbI l I O A p a 3 y M e B Z T e n O A " ~ M ~ K ~ A X O
L ~JHM
I I "~? ~ ~

O T B ~ TK:o r ~ aBOCnpoM3BOAXya.54 M XMBHeHHa.54 CMAbI B H ~ P M P Y -

IOT, BbI A O A X H b I I I P W e H M T b M e X a I i M 3 M Ky3He'lHbIX M e -
XOB, A b ~ x a ~ e ~ b ~
MeTOA
b I h 3aMbIKaIiMX M OTKPbIBiWHII,
I l I e C T b (#)a3aAXMMMqeCKOF0 I l p o L J e C C a M I I O A O X M T ~ A ~ H ~
IIOA'beM M OTPMIJaTeAbHOe O I I y C K W M e , r ~ o 6 b 1CO3AaTb
IJMPKYMLJMIo MCTMHHOFO OFHX, IlOAHMMaJI e F 0 K M03l'y
qepe3 n e p ~ a ~3faiT B O p y O C H O B W W I n03BOHOVHMKa, BTO-
p0k 3 a T B O P M e X A y nO'4KaMM M ~ ~ l 4 3 afT Bi O p B 3aTbIA-
Ke. Bce .rpw 3a~nopaO T B O ~ R W T C XH a Bnoxe. noc~e~ym-
UJee B b l A b I X W M e O T n p a B M e T OFOHb BHM3 O T M C X O A H O ~ ~
nOAOCTM A y X a (Zj3bl 9 0 B ~ 0 3 l ' y ) K LJeHTPy t33RH Z y (B
COAHeqHOM c n ~ e ~ e ~ uM u3 )a T e M o 6 p a ~ ~K onOAOCTM
XM3HeHHOCTM nOA n y n K O M . T ~ K MoM6 p a 3 0 ~n O A H O e
AbIXaIiMe BKAWlraeT B c e 6 ~~ o A ' ~ & M
M OnyCKaHMe MCTMH-
HOFO OFHR.
TO M e C T b IJMPKYIUIIJMX O F M .

Bonpoc: YTO I M e e T e B BMAY

B ~ M noA OPHII"?
"CO~MP~HM~ M
O T B ~ T : "Co6npa~creO ~ H X " 0 3 t I a q X T H a K O n A e H M e OTHX. Apen-
HMe rOBOPMAM 06 aAXMMMqeCKOM 3 A e M e H T e , H e YnOMM-
H W 06 O r H e , ~ 0 ~ 0 p b l RBAHeTCR
f i B O C ~ ~ O M ~ B OyAe X
k M
X M ~ H ~ H
CMAaMM.
H O ~ 01'0Hb TaKXCe XBAXeTCR ;MXMMM-
qeCKMM 3AeMeHTOM. T ~ qKT 0 , K O r A a M C T M H H ~ IO~r O H b
~ ~ 6 p ~ pBbI
y eAOAXHbI
~ , HaKOnMTb er0.
ECAH BbI W B e P U I e H C T B Y e T e AMUlb OAHy CYUJHOCTHYIO
n p M p o A y H H e A y M a e T e 0 B e ' 4 ~ 0 f iXWBHH, TOTAa B a U l a
IlpaJCTMKa 6 y ~ He ~~~ O A HMOH ~ ~
~ ~ N ~ K I460 TM CO-B H
BepUleHCTBOBaHMe 0 ~ ~ IIpHpOAbI
0 6 0 6 e c n e q ~ n a eA~M m b
O n y C K W M e n O A O X H T e A b H O ~ 0O M R (XH XO) 6e3 n O A ' b e M a
CHM3y >KM3Ht?HHOrO A b I X m H R (~24). P ~ ~ Y A ~ T 3~TTO rOO M
6 y ~ TO,
e ~' I T 0 I I p M p O A a M X M 3 H b H e C M O r y T COeAMHMTb-
CR. ~ O ~ T O MBbl
Y 0 6 ~ 3 a T e A b H 0AOAXHbI c o 6 p a ~ bOTOHb,
q ~ 0 6 b 1nOAHRTb CHM3Y X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXWMC.

Bonpoc: YTO BbI I I O A p a 3 y M e B X T e noA " I I o ~ H R T H ~ M0rH%"?

OTWT: ~ TOFO,
O C A ~ KOK O r O H b C O ~ P W OH
, CTpeMMTCR P a 3 B ~ -
BaTbCX AaAbUle. Bb1 AOAXHbI IIOAIVITb e F 0 Y e p e 3 T p M 3a-
T B O p a B II03BOHOYHMKe A0 Htl & ~ bHAM M 0 3 F a , M 3 a T e M
OnYCTHTb e F 0 no X 3 H b Mo UAU K U M y 3 a q a T b X A 0 no-
AOCTM Zj3RH z y n ( W A H ~ V H O c~ n ~ e ~ e ~ unpexne
e), ueM
B e p H y T b C X B JJeHTp XM3HeHHOCTH ( ~ O AIIYIIKoM). Ae-
A m 3 T 0 , BbI AOAXHbI I I P U M e H H T b CBOIO Hepa3AM'laIOUJYIO
KOl$-1IJeHTpaJJMIO, ' 4 ~ 0 6 6 1 nOAHIITb H OIIYCTUTb em, 3aBep-
LUa.H I I o A ~ b 1 f iK p y r .
X y ~&
b . H b - J J 3 b 1 CKa3aA: " K o r ~ aX M 3 H e H H O C T b npo-
RBAHeTCX, O H a CHAbHO B H ~ P H P Y ~ H
T OFOHb pa3BMBaeTCII
n O A nyIIKOM. TO TOT MOMeHT, K O r A a BbI AOluKHbI nOA-
H R T ~ero, u ~ o 6 b rC H ~ ~ A Us~eprmefi
T ~ same Teno, oc~a6-
U J ~ ~ ~ O C A ~ A -
A e H O e M3-3a YTeqKM B O C I I ~ ~ H ~ B O M CUAb1.
HXR CO B P e M e H e M BOCCTUOBMTCR, q ~ 0 6 b 1 n p 0 A A M T b Ba-
XM~H~".

Bonpoc: YTO Bar n o H u M a e T e r r o ~" o r ~ Be ~~a l c b " ( M ~ C T Oo 6 n ~ a -

BO
HMX BOAbI UAM O ~ W T ~ A H U ~ ~ I )?
JA
OTB~T:
Kanb M A U ' ~ CUMBOAM3MPyIOT HMXHIOIO 'I;ICTb X M B O T a M
CepArJe C$)OTBeTCTBeHHO.
AYXB nu ( A O M ~O ~ H I I ) XBAXeTCII C Y Y H O C T H O ~ ~n p M -
PAO~, a XM3HeHHOCTb B K a n b ( A O M ~B O A ~ I ) XBAXeTCII
~ e q ~ or ni ui 3 ~ b m O
. r 0 ~ Bb 0 6 u ~ a n u y eB o ~ b Cl W B O A M ~ M -
P y e T XM3HeHHOCTb B COCTOIIHMM B U ~ P P I J M M , K O T O P M
TOrAa o6pa3ye~HelrTO BpOAe BO3AyXOAyBHbIX MeXOB, 3 a -
HMMWILJMX IIPOCT-P~HCTBO, H a r u H a m y e e a H a 1,2 ~ w f i -
M a H w m e cepArJa M u ~ y q e e~o 1,3 A m h a H u x e nynKa,
KOTOPOe CBR3bIBZTCX l r e p e 3 nOAOCTb CMePTHOCTW (24.4374
Cbl YRO y OCHOBaHMII I ~ ~ H H cC~ nOAOBbIM
) 3aTBOPOM (RH
2JWHb) H a KOHYMKe I I e H U C Z TO M eCTb "QI'oH~ B AOMe
BOA~I".

Bonpoc: TO BbI I I O H M M Z T e nOA " 0 l p M g a ~ e ~ b ~oI'H~M"

b 1 ~
( Z Y H ~X O ) ?
O T ~ ~f Ty :b CMMBOAM3MPYeT H M X H M ~a a H b tWEHb, ~ a 3 b l ~ Z ~ b
T a m e neqbIO. XO - 3 T 0 XM3HeHHOCTb, K O T O P M nOAb-
3yeTCII IIpeMMyILJeCTBOM OTHX B AOMe BOAbI +$AX TOrO,
q ~ 0 6 b 1OIIYCTMTbCII B K W W YrtPaBAeHMX 8y MO B n03BO-
HOVHMKe, r+$e BeHTMMIJMR, O ~ ~ C ~ ~ ' I M B BAOXaMM
~ ~ T W I M
BblAOXaMM, n p e o 6 p a 3 o ~ b r ~ BOCnpOM3BOffrrLlJyIO
ae~ CHAy B
Z I A X U M M ~ ~ C K3M
A~eMeHT TOFO, ' 4 ~ 0 6 b 1 IIpOBeCTM el'0
no MMKPOKOCMMVeCKOMY Kpyl'y. T ~ KaK
K lTOAOXUTeAb-
~ b 1 f fi l H H e M O X e T 6 b 1 ~ bH a K O n A e H 6 e 3 n o M o y u O'IpM-
g a T e A b H O r 0 h b , XM3HeHHOCTb (2524) A O A X H a COeAM-
H M T ~ C Hc ~ o c n p o ~ a ~ o c y l r y cmofi
efi r ~)o, 6 b 1we-
(z~~uH
AaTbCX O r H e M . TO X B M e T C X COeAMHeHMeM IlOAOXH-
T e h b ~ o f iXM3HeHHOCTM C O T P H I J ~ T ~ A ~ HBOCnpOM3BO-
O~~
~ y e f ~iU A o f i ,KOTOpble 3 a T e M n0AHMMaK)TCII K FOAOBe
qepes 13yM O MAM ~ a ~ y na p an n A e H m . ECAM H a TOM 3~a-
ne BO3HMKHYT CKBepHbIe MbICAM, TOl'Aa HM BOCIIPOM3BO-
 MIlJaSI, HM XM3HeHHaSI C u b 1 H e CMOIYT 6 b 1 ~ bBBeAeHbI B
M C T M H H ~K
I ~p y r , a B O ~ A Y TB ypelpy, BbI3bIBM B ~ e 60-
k
~ t ? 3 ~ e ~ ~ bB lOk C, ~ ; M M T ~ A ~ I H
I p~o gI e~C C C A M X O ~ ~ K O ~ ,
I I pI e~K p a T U T C X AMUlb n o c A e MCllyCKaHMX KpaC-
K O T O ~ ~
H O - X ~ A MO'IM.
TO~ TO BpeAHOe nocAeAcTBMe ~ 0 3 6 ~ - e -
HMX M L I C A ~H~a A ~ H H O M3~ane.
ECAM BOCnPOM3BOAXIlJM M X H 3 H e H H a S I CMAbI np0fi-
AyT 'Iepe3 nOAOCTb CMePTHOCTM y OCHOBaHMX ITeHMCa, TO
OHM B O ~ A Y TB A B a K a H a n a H a Ge~pax.A ~ w x e ~ u nmo
HUM 6 y ~ I eI p e~n X T C T B O B a T b H a K O I l A e H M e BOCIIpoM3BOffrr-
UJek XMAKOCTM ( C C M ~ H M ) .
Bonpoc: YTO BbI n O H M M a e T e noA " o ~ H ~ MI I, O r p y X e H H b I M B BO-
AY"
OTB~T:
K o r ~ aBOCnpOM3BOAXIlJaSI M X M 3 H e H H a S I C W b I H;U(OAXTCX
B C B O nOAOCTM
~ ~ IlOA n y n K O M , OHM XBhRIoTCX O r H e M , HO
K O r A a OHM I l O K M A W T 3TY IlOAOCTb, ' I T o ~M3AMTbCII
~I Ha-
PyXy, OHM n p M H M M W T $ O ~ M Y XHAKOCTM. Y T O ~ ~CO-I
6 p a ~ bZ I A X M M M ' I ~ C K M3~A e M e H T H W O Y A e p X M B a T b X M 3 -
HeHHOCTb B ee ITOAOCTU, KOTOPaSI HHa3bIBWTCX IlOAOCTbK3
M C T M H H O ~XM3HeHHOCTM ( W ~ H Y U ~703)MAM H M X H U M
&ZHb n u l H e M . TO MeCTO, rAe I I p O X B N i e T C X HCTMHHaSI
X M 3 H e H H O C T b , COeAUHeHHaSI C IlOAOBbIM OPI'aHOM. BOC-
n p O M 3 B O ~ I l J MCMAa T X X e A O B e C H a M B O M H M C T a , M C V e -
MMTCX O ~ ~ C T M T ~ CaX ~
, y axe r o K M ropxs, M C-rpeMuTcX
B03HeCTHCb BBepX. O~LI'IHO'IeAOBeK H e O C 0 3 H Z T IIOTO-
K a >I<M3HeHHOCTM M n 0 3 T O M Y OH I I O A B e p X e H p O X & e H U I O ,
CTaPOCTM, ~ O A ~ ~ HMRCMePTM.
M ) I < M ~ H ~ H H ~CMAa,
SI KOTO-
PaSI PaCCeMBaeTCX, H e XBAXeTCX B A b I X Z M b I M M ~ b l ~ b f X a -
e M b I M BO3AyXOM. OH^ XBAXeTCX U C T H H H O ~X H 3 H e H H O C -
TbK), K O T O P M I I O A A e p X M B a e T BOCnpOM3BO&5IIlJyIo CMAy.
~ M B 'IeAOBeK
~ T MAM Y M M P a e T , 3 T 0 LJeAMKOM 3 a M C M T O T
H;MM'IMX MAM OTCYTCTBW X M 3 H e H H O C T H (YU).
C M ~ P BTb I~3 b I B Z T C R MCTOLLJeHMeM XM3HeHHOCTM.
Mep~noeT W O , C o x p a H X r o y e e c X T a K U M Xe, K a K M n p M
XMBHM, OTAM'IZTCX O T X M B O r O AMUIb OTCYTCTBM~MX M 3 -
HeHHOCTM.
Bonpoc: Bar r O B O p W U 0 XM3HeHHOCTM, ~ X X O A Y ~ M H
Oe~n p~ e -
pbIBH0. K ~ MKO X H O OCTWOBMTb ee Y T ~ ~ K ~ ?

E A M H C T B ~ H H cnoco6
OTB~T: ~I~~ 3aKAIOllXTCX B 3a.llMpaHMM n o A o -
BOrO 3 a T B O p a ( x H 2yaHb), q ~ 0 6 b 1 0 6 e c n e ' l ~ ~ bAOATyIO
X M B H b , O C W ~ O X A ~ H H Y H )O T CMCPTM. B TpaKTaTe U~HH
C X ~b h y b ~CKa3aHO: "TOT, y KOrO 3 a K P b l T ~ O A O B O3 a~- ~
TBOp, HXAa>KAaeTCX A O A ~ O XM3HbIO.
~ Bce YlleHMKM
A O A X H b I MCKaTby ~ a 3 w w i yi . n p O C B e I l J e H H b I X HaCTaBHM-
KOB M C F M M T b C I I A e p X a T b O r O H b M BOAy B O A H O ~no-
AOCTM, a MMeHHO - B H M X H e M 8aHb mRHe. B o ~ a HaXO-
AMTCX CHMBY, a O r O H b CBepXy. Korna O r O H b n o r p y X e H B
BOAy, OH T I e p e C T a e T BO3HOCMTbCII M 3TMM O n y C T O U l a e T
CepALJe, T O e C T b H e A a T b e M y ~ 0 3 6 y x ~ a ~ A
b cK ~
O r.A a BO-
BTO
A a O n a h R e T C A Ol'HeM, O H a I l e p e C T a e T C T e K a T b BHM3.
npeAcTaBMeT co6ok y c ~ o k l r u ~ op ae B H o B e c n e (uy6 xo
lj3U Zj.3~) M e W y ~ o ~ oMi Oi r H e M , KOTOpOe CO B p e M e H e M
C 0 3 A X T XM3HeHHOCTb. K o r ~ a n e H M C C a M co6oii n p M x o -
AMT B COCTOXHMe JPeKLJMM, 3 T 0 npOMCXOAMT M3-3a pa3-
~ ~X M ~ H ~ H
BMTMIl B O C I I P O H ~ B O A X U J ~M CMA HB ~ ~no-
O MX
AOCTM H M X H e r O aaHb mRHR M Ha3bIBaeTCIl npOIlBAeHMeM
O r H X B BOA(?. M0fi HaCTaBHMK CKa3W: * K o r ~ BOCnpOM3-
a
B O M U J a J l M X M 3 H e H H W l CMAbl B llOAOCTM H M X H e r O 8 ~
mRW B b I X O M T M3 H e r 0 IIpOYb, OHM CTWOBXTCX XMAKOC-
TbIO, HO K O r A a OHM B O 3 B P P U J m T C X B 3v IKOAOCTb, OHM
XBMIOTCX e p o x ~ e ~ ~XM3HeHHOCTbIO*.
ok ~ O ~ T O M
~ a x ~ b rp
i a
i , K o r A a Bar s a ~ e ~ nup o~n en A e H n e ornrr B
BOAe, BbI AOAXHbI H e M e A A e H H O n O B e p H y T b er0 O ~ ~ ~ T
B IIOAOCTb H W K H e r O aaHb W l S K I 1 , q ~ 0 6 b 1C ~ ~ A M M M P O B
ero. T O A ~ KK OOr A a IlpOXBXTCX IUeCTb ~ e 0 6 b 1 b1x
q ~ COCTO-
X H M ~
BbI C M O X e T e 6 b l ~ bY B e p e H b I , '4TO 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ce-
~oe
M X IlOAHOCTbIO c @ o ~ M M ~ O B ~ A O C ~ .

Bonpoc: TO BbI ~ O H M M no*

~ ~ T ~
"oI'H~M B IIeqM"?

OTB~T:
K o r ~ aAyX M X M 3 H e H H O C T b BM~PMPYKIT B nOAOCTM HMX-
H e r o aunt, m ~ n o c,~ e + $ ~ M k~ a 3 b r ~ a e ~ n0 e- q1 b m M KorAa
OHM IIOAHMMaJOTCX K B e p X H e M y 8aHb ?7LXHH, ( B rOAOB-
 HOM M O ~ Rn) ,o c ~ e ~ ~H aM3 bkI B X T C I I KOTAOM. ~ P M
OT-
CYTCTBMM A y X a M XM3HeHHOCTM HeAb3II rOBOPMTb HM 0
IIeYM, HM 0 KOTAe
14
.
~ O ~ T O~ M
O Y~ T ~ H nHa T~ PIM~a P X q Y ~ ~ ~ k - g 3 r0-
Y15
BOPMA: " K O T ~ AI l e p B O H a q a A b H O He c~UJ~CTB~~T". na~-
puapx AIOG-LJ~YCKa3a.A: "TOA~KO
Te, KT0 3 H X T , 'leM H a
CaMOM A e A e RBMIOTCR neYb, KOTeA M M e X q M O r Y T C
n 0 ~ b 3 0 k MX M c I I o A ~ ~ o B ~ T ~ " .Y T O ~ C~0I3 A a T b HXTOIILIJM~~
"O~OH~
B Ile'IM", T p e 6 y e ~ c I I MCTMHHOe HaCTaBAeHMe
npOCBeuJeHHbIX H X T a B H M K O B , YKa3YIOUJMX, K a K AOArO
C A e A y e T C O ~ H P ~ BTH~~ U I H Ma~A~x M ~ M s e c ~ M f3iA e M e H T .
M ~ cI e k ~ a cB c e 3 T 0 AeTaAbHO O ~ C ~ X A X M ,Y T O ~ ~no-
I
MO'Ib YYeHHKaM, K O T O P b l e A O A X H b I 3 H a T b ITpaBMAbHbIe
n y a K T M Y e C K M e MeTOAbI. YTO KaCXTCII c6opa BHeUIHerO
aAXMMM'leCKOr0 3 A e M e H T a , TO I I ~ ~ K T M K ~ I O U JyMKOTO-
~~,
p O r 0 n e H M C H'UOAMTCII B COCTOIIHMM 3PeKLJMH, AOlUKeH
C n e p B a Y ~ ~ A M T ~ CIIPOWCXOAMT
II, AM 3 T 0 B YaC X M 3 H M Y 3 b l
11yl r a c a M w
( ~ e x ~ Beyepa M 1 YXOM HOW), HAM H e T .
ECAM 3 T 0 A ~ ~ ~ C T B M T ~ nPOMCXOAMT
A~HO B '4% q b l , TOrAa
n p Z t . K ~ M K y l o r r ~ M kA O A X e H H e M e A A e H H O ~ A O K M ~ O Bno-
~ T ~
~ 0 ~ 30a T6B O p (RN ZYclNb VG3 H q nOAOBbIM O ~ I X I - I O M ) ,
' 1 ~ 0 6 b 1 c 0 6 u p a ~ b ~ A X M M M Y ~ C K3M
A e~M e H T A0 TeX nop,
n o K a OH H e 6 y ~ IIOAHOCTblo
e ~ YBepeH B ycnexe.
ECAM BOCnpOM3BO+VluJaR M X M 3 H e H H a R CMAa ~a16pa-
C b l B W T C I I H a p y X y , 3acT'a5AIIII TeAO H e M H O r O COrHYTbCII,
T O r A a n p a K ~ M K y m y M kA O A X e H I I p M X a T b C B O ~C P ~ A H M ~ ~
n a A e g K C M e P T H O M y 3 a T B O p y ( Y T O ~ ~OCTaHOBMTb
I MC-
l l y c K a ~ 1 4 e ) M H e M e A A e H H O IIPMBeCTM B A ~ ~ ~ C TMBe XMa -~
HM3M "A~I'KoI'o B ~ T ~ P K ~ UIeCTb
" , ()a3 aAXPtMMYeCKOr0
OYM Y e H M I I , B03AYXOAyBHbIe M e X a M ~ b I ~ a T e A b ~ b np0-
1fi
gecc 3 a K p b I B W U I I M OTKPbIBaHMII &Ul TOrO, Y T O ~ npo-
~ I

l4 K ~ KB c i z y r a e C HeBeXCCTBeHHbIMU MUPCKUMU AIOAbMH, KOTOPble AOIlYCKaK)?.

paCC&XHUe BO~Ilp0i43BO~flIIJe6 U X U ~ H ~ H HB
CUA OCBOeM
~ CTpeMACHUU K C e K C y W -
H U M YAOBOAbCTBHRM.
4
IJ
b l ~ e f lB ~BUAY AaOC XVI-XVIl y
BB. ~ ~ H - c I O OCHOBaTCN,
~ , UKOAbl '16ec-
CMepTHblX 6 ~ ~ 4 'K' ,K O T O ~ OrrpUHa,&%eXUT
~ U aBTOp A W O r O TeKCTa EMY IlPMHM-
A e m a T c o q u n e i i u n no I r p a m K e ~ y r p e ~ ~~ eUi iM U U( n ~ t ~ (neped.).
e~.
BeCTM Ha3;34 M c o 6 p a ~ bBOC~pOM3BO@UJyK) M X M 3 H e H -
HYK) C H A ~ I .&uT O ~ O ,Y T O ~ ~~ I3 6 e x a c~ysaii~oii
~ b yTeq-
KM, MCIIOAb3YK)TCR BAOXM M BbIAOXM, q ~ 0 6 b 1CBR3aTb 06e
CMAbI. ~ O C A
nPUBI2AeHMR
~ MX n 0 A KOHTPOAb, MX H U O
HeMeAAeHHO BBeCTM B M M K P O K O C M M Y ~ C K M ~K~p y r &Mi
C Y ~ A H M ~n O~A ~AH~ ~ C T B HO~r H
MR , BO BptX45l K O T O P O ~
BOC~pOU3BO@UJa.H CMAa npeo6pa3ye~c~ B XM3HeHHOCTb.
>TO M e C T b n o c ~ e n e ~ ~ bMeTOA
l i i npeo6pa3o~a~m
~ o c n p o ~ 3 o o ~ U J CMAbI
e i i B XM3HeHHOCTb. K o r ~ a M DOC-
lTPOM3BO&Hya.H, M X M 3 H e H H a R CMAbI 6 y A y ~ITOAHOCTbK)
BOCCTWOBAeHbI, T O r A a TeAO I I p a K T U K y I o r r J e r O H e 6 y ~ e
OTAMqaTbCR OT T e A a IQHOWM K M O M e H T y H a c l y n A e H M R
nono~oii3peAOCTM. B TpaKTaTe u y f i C I O i i n R ~ rOB0-
b
PMTCR:

TO nOAOCTb H W K H e r O L%Nb ??WW,

3 a n O A H e H H a R aA-
XMMMYeCKMM 3 A e M e H T O M , K O T O P ~ IP~a t K P b I B a e T n e p e A
l'Aa3aMM BCK) KpXOTy nOAOXMTeAbHOr0 X ~ ~ H ~ H H
AbIXWMR (RN YU). XOAMT AM I ~ P ~ K T M K Y I O Y MCMAMT
~,
AM, CTOMT AM, HO OH BCerAa 6 y a e ~
BMAeTb nepeA co6oii
6 e ~ b 1 i iCBeT, a CO B p e M e H e M 6 e ~ b 1 i CBeT
i 6 y ~ nepexo-
e ~
AMTb B 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 6>TO
. 6 y ~ nee p~B b I M npORBAeHMeM 30AO-
T o r 0 CBeTa, M KOrAa O H IIORBHTCR BO B T O P O ~pa3, n p a K -
T W K Y I ~ U J MA~O~A X e H OCTaHOBUTb OrOHb. Ha 3TOM 3~ane
o er0
~ a A e 6 U l a ~ ~1 e 6 p e n ~ ~ C c ~ bCTOpOHbI v 3 M T onac-
HOCTbK) M AOArMM IIpOBaAOM; 3 T O T 3 T a n RBAAeTCX Ca-
MbIM TpyAHbIM.
YIIOMIIHYT~~~
BbIUle CeMb TMnOB OrHR MAYT OT
B ~ O > K A ~ H HXM3HeHHOCTU
O~~ M MOrYT C Y ~ A H M M P O B ~ T ~
B c e BAOXM M BbIAoXM AAR TOrO, q~06k.1 yCuAMTb n p o n B A e -
H M e IlepBOHaYaAbHOrO A y X Z TOT n e p ~ 0 ~ a Y a A b ~ AyX
blk
RBAIIeTCII "AYXOM, AMUleHHblM AYXOBHOCTM", K O T O P ~ I ~ ~
M O X e T n P M M e H M T b AYXOBH~IL? OI'OHb AAR Pa3PYLUeHMII
C B O ~ ~C $ M ~ M Y ~ C K OC$OPM~I
~ M B03BPaUJeHMR B HMYTO
&Mi
AOCTMXeHMR 6ecc~ep~~~.
TOT A Y X O B H ~O
I ~r O~H b RBAReTCH 3OAOTbIM O r H e M Ay-
xa, ~ o ~ o p a rTioir A a nomllrleTcX. y~aqwecnA O A > K H ~ Ino-
AYYMTb aBTOpMTeTHbIe yKa3mMII nPOCBeyeHHblX Ha-
CTaBHMKOB AAR T O r O , ' i ~ 0 6 b 1 p e a A M 3 0 B a T b 3 T O T AYXOB-
~ b l fO
i r O H b 30AOTOI'O C B e T a , M B M T O R nl)MMKHYTb K COH-
ECAM
M y 30AOTbIX ~ ~ C C M ~ P T H ~ I X . BbI n o A a r a e T e , q T 0 Bbl
p e U M 3 0 B a A M 3TOT 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0CBeT,
6 B TO B p e M , KOrAa
MHOrO TOHKMX 30AOTbIX MCKP IIORBRTCR B BaIIIMX r A a 3 a X ,
BbI lKeCTOKO O L U H ~ X T ~ C1460 ~ , 3TOT 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 6 06~a-
CBeT
p y > ~ ~ ~ anepeA c ~ c xB ~ M MB TO npem, K o r A a sme cy y-
HOCTHOe TeAO ( @ atl(31Cb) B B ~ A M K O IIyCTOTe
~ ~ e 4 e TOAb-
KO n o C T e n e H H 0 n p ~ 6 n ~ m a e ~ KcHx
eMy. K o r ~ aCBeT 3TO-
r0 T e A a COeAMHMTCR M CMeU1;LeTCR C 30AOTbIM CBeTOM
nepep, B ~ M M , T o r A a B ~ p I ea~~3ye ~e c y q ~ o c ~ ~ y r o
cnom
n p M p o A y , ~ o ~ o p a no6~e.r
rr B name + ~ s ~ s e c ~ T eo
A oe.
floc~e~~ B Ie
I MeT Z T 3 T 0 AYXOBHOe TeAO M 3a T p e X A e T -
~ M f iCPOK IIPeTBOPMTCR B 9MCTyH3 X M 3 H e H H O C T b . TO
IIpORBAeHMe IIOAOXMTeAbHOrO A y X a (XU ZU31Cb), KOTO-
pblfi, C O ~ H P ~
B OAHOM
C ~ M e C T e , I I p M H M M X T + O ~ M YMAM
X<e CTZLHOBMTCR ' ~ M C T OX~M~3 H e H H O C T b I 0 , PaCCeMBaSICb no
B c e f i B ~ A M K On y~C~T O T e , KOTOparl T O r A a CTaHOBMTCX ee
6 e 3 r p a n ~ s ~ TeAOM.
b r ~
IIOAyrlHA y K a 3 a H M R O T MOMX H a C T m H M K O B Ax0
X ~ HMXAXO K y ~ a ,a T a m e noceTm 6 o ~ e eT p M A g a T M
IlOqTeHHbIX y Y M ~ e A e 6 ,HO AMIUb n 3 H M y - q a H , y110 URO,
~ a u 3 ~~ - MbM HM 06a MOMX Y ' I M T e M 3H;MM T ~ ~ OAHO-
H I
BpeMeHHOrO CyyeCTBOBaHMR c y ~ ~ o c ~IIpMpOAbl
~ofi M
~ e q ~ X
0 M63 H H . A T e I l e P b O T K P b I B W 3TM ~ a 6 ~ YeCT-
b 1
H b l M YqeHMKaM, T a K q ~ 0 6 b 1OHM MOrAM 6 b 1 IIpM B C r r p e q e
CO CBOMMM YqMTeAHMM Y ~ ~ A M T ~ CHaCKOAbKO
B, 3TM nOC-
AeAHMe p a 3 6 n p a r o ~ c r lB B o n p o c a x , H a K O T O p b l e A W T C R
OTBeTb1 B 3 ~ 0 kK H M K . A y6e-a10 MX H e A O B e P R T b epe-
TMKaM H CaM03BaHLJaM, KOTOPbIe, H e 3 H a J I H M q e r O OTHO-
CMTeAbHO UXMMMM, B e A y T ce6x K a K A O C T O ~ ~ H
AO~ BI e~p w I
HaCTaBHMKM. MX T a K Ha3bIBa€!Mble ''Y'ie~Wl'' H e MMelOT
HMqerO o6yero C A O K T ~ M H OCOBePIIIeHCTBOBaHMII
~~ Cyy-
H O C T H O ~ IIPMPOAbl
~ M B e l i H o f i X M 3 H M , IIOTOMy YTO MX
~ A M H C T B ~ H HLJeAbKl
O~~ RBAReTCH 3apa60~0~,
M II03TOMy
OHM BBOART B 3 a 6 n y ~ ~ CBOMX e ~ ~ eYVeHMKOB, K O T O p b I e
6 y ~ 6y e ~c g e n b ~ o3 a T p a t I M B a T b rOAb1 ~ ~ 0 eIKM3HM,
fi He
Il0Ayqa.X HMKaKMX Pe3YAbTaTOB.
 COEMPAHME MMKPOKOCMMSECKOTO
BHYTPEHHErO AAXMMMSECKOIO SAEMEHTA

M~TOA
~ 0 6 ~ p w wMMKpOKOCMM'4eCKOrO
1 BHyTpeH-
H e r 0 MXMMM'4eCKOrO 3 A e M e H T a 3aKAIO'lWTCR BO B p a I I j e -
HUM r A a 3 c A e B a H a n p a B o M ~ a o 6 o p o&u
~ Toro, q ~ o 6 b r
IIOAHMMaTb M O n y C K a T b H H UM~AMTM
B H ~ T ~ ~ OrOHb. ~
P Y I Q U J M ~ ~AOiVKeH C H a ' l a r \ a OnYCTHTb I'Aa3a BHM3 11 3 a T e M
I I e p e K a T M T b MX C A e B a BBepX no HZllTpaBAeHMW K BepXyUI-
K e rOAOBbI, 3 a T e M OnyCTMTb MX B n p a B O , n O C M O l p e T b H a
I I y n O K M H a I J e H T p >I€H3HeHHOCTM nOA HMM, 3 a B e p U I m
3 T M M II0hHb1fi O ~ O P O T , KOK IIOKa3aHO H a PMCYHKe npu
n O M O y U u 3 0 6 p a x e ~ ~ 1 1COAHLJP, KOTOPOe MeAMTMPyIO-
y M f i A e p X M T B A ~ B POy K
~ e M KOTOpOe M3 A nOAHUMaeT-
CR B D M G , 3 a T e M M3 G O n y C K W T C R B J 14).
(CM, PMC.
TO ABMXCeHMe C A e A y e T IIOBTOpMTb 36 pa3 &u IIOAHX-
TMR IlOAOXMTeAbHOrO O r H X , ' 4 ~ 0 6 b 1 OTKPbITb TaMHCTBeH-
h a T B O p (CM. H H X ~ ) . n 0 C A e 3 T O r 0 OH A O A X e H B p a -
~ b l 3
V a T b rAa3aMM OT G K D,A M J, KaK 3 T 0 IlOKa3WO npu
IIOMOIIJM ~ 3 0 6 p a x eAyHbI,
~ ~ ~ KOTOPaR H a PMCyHKe
ITOAAePXMBaeTCR n p a B 0 f i py~ofi.BTOA B W e H M e CAeAy-
COEMPAHME BHVTPEHHErO AAXMMMYECKOI'O 3AEMEHTA 123

e T nOBTOpMTb 24 pa3a &A5I TOrO, Y T O ~ OnYCTMTb

~ I OTM-
r ~ a ~ e ~ bO~r ObH~b f( U
i H ~X O ) .
B raane 1V paCCMa?pMBaAC5l MeTOA C O ~ H P ~ H MMMK-
A
POKOCMMYeCKOrO BHeILlHerO aAXMMM'IeCKOr0 3 A e M e H T a B
LJeAHX BOCCTWOBAeHMX ~ o c n p 0 ~ 3 ~ 0 & 1 yCMhbI
ek (24324%)
M YKpenAeHMX M 0 3 r a OH 3aKAH)YaACX B IIOAHXTMM no-
AOXMTeAbHOrO OrHX (RN XO) no K W a y ynpaBAeHW4 8y
M O K WpILlMHe rOAOBb1 36 p a , ' I T 0 n p M AOCTUXeHMM U M
'6
BepILlMH bI, HZ3bIBaeTU llOA'bt2MOM IIOAOXMTeAbHOrO
O ~ H I I " M 3 a T e M OllYCKaHMX ero n o K W a y A~~CTBW
x 3 n b MO no n e p e ~ ~ ecfTio p o H e T e A a 24 pas, YTO npu
AOCTMXeHHM ero y 6 e x ~ y aHa3bIBXTC5l " O ~ ~ C K ~ H U ~ M
OlpMLjaTeAbHOrO O ~ H X " . K a > ~ ~ b I LJMKA
fi 3aBepLUaeTC5l 3a
OAHO n o A H o e A b I x m M e (BAOX M BMAOX), B T e y e H n e KO-
TOPOl'O AYX [ ~ 3 H b ] M XM3HeHHOCTb [ZjU] ABMWTCX
HAM O C T W a D A H B W T C I I BMeCTe ll0 C B X 3 W H b I M Kpyre
3WvUM (T. e. BHH3y XMBOTP)
M COAHIJP (B ~ O A O B ~ )n ,p M
3TOM AYX nPMBOAMTCS B ABMXeHMe B p a y e H M e M Ma3, a
XM3HeHHOCTb COBMeCTHbIM A ~ ~ ~ C T B yXe
M ~ MC O ~ ~ ~ H H ~ I
M BH
X M ~ H ~ H OO
C ~~
PO~H ~ B O A I I CMA.
Y ~ ~ ~~ T M
ABUXeHHX M
OCTWOBKM C B R 3 W b I C C O ~ U P W M ~ M
MMKPOKOCMMqeCKO-
r O BHeIIIHerO ZUXMMMYeCKOrO 3 A e M e H T a , KOTOP~IG OCBO-
6 0 % ~TeAO
~ OT 6 o ~ e 3 ~ e fBi ,TO B p e M KaK BHyTpeH-
~ n f i~ A X M M M Y ~ C K3 M
A e~M~e H T C0Xp;wleT ItOCTOXHHyfO
XM3Hb, KOTOPaR npeACTaBA5IeT ~060fi BPOXAeHHYH)
XM3HeHHOCTb.
B 3 ~ 0 6rAaDe 0 6 c y m ~ a e ~MeTOA
c~ MCllOAb3OBaHMA
MU KPOKOCMMYeCKOrO B H y T p e H H e r O OFHX, K O T O P ~ Inp0-
~~
XOAMT $a361 C ~ ~ A M M ~ L J MBMOCHOBHbIX T0'IKa.X D M J
(CM. PMC. 4) TOTO, ~ ~ 0 6 C03AaTb
b 1 MMKPOKOCMMYeC-
K M B
~ H Y T P ~ H3AeMeHT.
H M ~ ~ TOT MeTOA T a m e Ha3bIBa-
eTC5I " B H ~ T P ~ H H H MC A M X H M ~ M " ( ~36
Z4J10ZOY), YYHTbI-
B m TO, YTO llOCAe TOrO, KaK BbI H a K O n H A H AOCTaTOYHO
MU KPOKOCMUYeCKOrO BHeLUHeM aAXHMMYeCKOI'0 3Ae-
M e H T a , HCTMHHM XU3HeHHOCTb, A B M X U M M O ~ A Y B ~ H H -
e M M OI'HeM, CTPeMMTeAbHO ITOAHUMaeTCX K M 0 3 1 y . Tor-
 COBepIIIaR n o n ~ b o
~~k o ~ O~
T, 0 H a I6I P a B M~T b X M 3 H e H -
HOCTb BBepX M BHM3 C T e M , ' I T O ~ ~XIM 3 H e H H O e AbIXaHMe
B M 0 3 v COeAMHIIAOCb C H ~ ~ B H
CMOC ~T ~ M O ~ . Ha 3TOM
3 T a I I e M 0 3 r IlOAHOCTbH3 pa3BMBXTCII M M e m y rAa3aMM
BO3HMKZT I I P K H ~ ~
CBeT; T O r A a Bbl AOluKHbl 6y~e~ e
CO-
6 p a ~ bM M K ~ O K O C M M ' I ~
BCHK
YTMP~~ ~
H H H 3AeMeHT;
~~ 3T0
O ~ ~ I Y HHa3bIBaeTCX
O IIPMrOTOBAeHHeM 30AOTOr0 3AMKCM-
p a TOT R P K M ~CBeT
~ RBAIIeTCII T~MHCTB~H H~IM
3aTBO-
p O M ( c K X H ~ z y a l c b ) , OTHOCMTeAbHO KOTOPOrO CKa3aHO:

M0fi HXTaBHHK CKa3U: "Bpayafi~eIIOAOXMTeAb-

~ b 1 6
X H M O'lpMLJaTeAbHyIO M H b (T. e. 06a wa3a), P a C -
Kaqk4Ba.H 3TMM M 0 3 r &U TOrO, ' l ~ 0 6 b 1 BbITIIHyTb M3 er0
IJeH'I'Pa AyX ( ~ 3 ? i b ) , K O T O P ~ Ipa3BMBar\cR
~~ TaM M MOXeT
paCIlpOCTpa.HMTbCX q e p e 3 T~MHCTB ~H
blfi 3 aH
TBOp (T. e.
IJM~~ CB~T)
B O ~ H M K ~ ~ O L IIpKMfi .
Y 3 ~ HW
b ~ a ~ CKa3aA:b ' " H a c ~ o x q n kn o a o x n T e A b -
H ~ I Rl?i H O T P H L J a T e A b H M h b IIBAIIIOTCR MCTMHHbIM
Aao ( 6 e c c ~ e p ~ eKOTOpOe
~), HaXOAMTCII IIpIlMO I l e p e A
BaMH, M KOTOpOe H e H W O MCKaTb HMrAe 6o~b111e".
B XO X 0 y r32 CKa3a.HO: ''COAHIJ~ M AyHa
3
IlpM B p a -
LIJeHMM no K p y v , COeAMHRlOT IlOAOXMTeAbHOe Y H C OT-
PHLJaTeAbHbIM M n b T X , ' I T 0 O C A ~ I I M T ~ A CBeT
~ H ~ MCXO-
I ~
AMT M3 LJeHTPa M 0 3 r a . ECAM BbI TOAbKO co6~pae~ e
MMK-
~KOCMM'I~
~HCe lK
IlH
M M f~i ~~A x M M M ' I ~ c K M3~A e M e H T BO

3
Aeamii U r r p a e b ~ krnaa rrpCACTa&UiiUT W o T B n c T B C H H O W-C U AyHy, eCTb no-
A O X U T ~ A ~ H ~U ~ ~o ~ p u g a r e ~ b ~ Hub.
b ~ i i
COLMPAHME BHYTPEHHEI'O AAXMMMYECKOI'O 3AEMEHTA 125

Bp€?MII B H y T p e H H e r O UCAHIIHMX* M Y X C K O m M X e H C K O r O
HaY2.4, HO H e co6npae~eM M ~ C ~ O K O C M M ' # ~ CBHYTPeH-
KM~
H M %
~ X M M H ' ~ ~ C K M3 A
~ ~e M e H T B TOYKaX D H J Kpyra, BbI
y n o ~ o 6 ~ f l e ~ n
e oc nbo s t c e 6e3 K o A e c MAM AoAKe 6e3 p y ~ .
K ~ xKe n p c l 3TOM BbI M O X e T e AOCTMYb ~ a M e ' I e ~ ~ye-
0 6
AH?"
Lonee TOrO, eCAM M M K P O K O C M H Y ~ C K HB
~H~IUHM ~
2.4-
X M M H ' # ~ C K M3~A e M e H T HanpaBAHeTCII B n e Y b ROA nyn-
KOM B YCAOBMIIX, K O r A a ~ O A O X H T ~ A ~HHO~TIH~J J a T e A b -
~ b 1 hOrHM H e IIOCbIAmTCII BBepX H BHH3 Il0 3HepreTi-l-
YeCKMM K a H U a M Y e p e 3 pa3AHYHble CY~AHM~LJHM
H a MHKpOKOCMHYeCKOM Kpyre, TOFAa B O C I l P O M 3 B O m y % l
M X H 3 H e H H a J I CMAbl H e MOrYT n p e o 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~ b
B aYyAeC-
~ b 1 6CBeT. TO CHRHMe 30AOTOIO 3AHKCMPa, K O T O P ~ I ~
A e A X T I l p a K T M K y I O y e F O CBeXMM H l o H b I M K a K BeCHa,
ero ~ p 0 ~ 0 0 6 p a y e ~ c l~ e~ C I I ~ ~ ~ X T C T B ~ ero
H H ~AbIXa-
I M ,
em
HMe AerKMM M C B O ~ O A H ~ I M , HMIIJeBapeHHe ~ ~ I C T ~ ~ I M
ECAH MMKPOKOCMH'I~CKM~~B H ~ I U H M ~
Z~~A X M M M Y ~ C K M ~ ~
3 A e M e H T O C T Z T C X H e T P o H Y T b l M B ne'#M IlOA n y n K O M ,
c ~ A ~ ~ ~ C T B M ~ M
T O r A a OH H e C M O X e T n p e 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~ bIIOA
OrHX B XH3HeHHOCTb. M3-3a 3 T O r 0 B a M TPYAHO 6 y ~ e ~
BOCCTaHOBHTb B a I U e MCXOAHOe B p o X A e H H O e TeAO, KOTO-
p O e H e M O m IlPOXBMTbWl H BMeCTe C T e M XBAIIeTCII Ca-
MblM AparOLJeHHbIM. TO IlpoMCXOAMT 6 ~ a r o ~ TOMY,
ap~
' I T 0 IlOCTOIIHHaJI YTe'IKa B O C ~ ~ O H ~ B
XHAKOCTM
O ~ ~ ~ J ~
HCTOIIJXT 3Hepr1.110 IIMYeK, n o ~ o 6 TOMY
~o K a K BOA& AO-
AHB'XMm B yXe H ~ ~ O A H ~ H H ~ I BblAMBaeTCII
COCyA, ~ 'Ie-
pe3 KP&, eCAM H e T O r M , ~ 0 ~ 0 p b lMOP
f i 6b1 BePHyTb 3 T y
Bony o 6 p a ~ ~
K oMCTOYHMKy. ~ O ~ T O MBOCnpoM3BO@-
Y
IJJm XMAKOCTb n 0 H e M H O r y P a 0 HAM-
L
lTO3AHO Y ~ A ~K
T a,K
I l O K a 3 b I B W T HOYHbIe ~OAAIOLJMM.6e3 IIOMOIIJM OI(bITH0-
r0 H X T a B H H K a BaM 6 y ~ O'IeHb
e ~ TPYAHO n O H R T b 2.4XM-
MMIO H HeCMOTPII H a BCe BaIUM C T a p a H w t , BbI H e C M O X e -
T e OCTaHOBMTb MCIlYCKaHMe B O C ~ P O H ~ B O ~ L I JXHAKOC-
~ ~
TH ( C ~ M ~ H H ) . He RBAXeTCR AH 3TO A O C T O ~ H ~ I CMO X W e -
HHII ?
126 AAOCCKM nOrA I'AABA V1

B >KM3HeHHOCTb, CCAM O H H e nOAHMMeT BBepX IIOAOXM-

T e A b H O r O O r H X (RM XO) M H e OnYCTMT BHM3 er0 OTpMLJa-
X O ) , M ' I T 0 O H H e C M O X C T OCTaHO-
T e A b H y t o 'I;LCTb ( U H ~
BMTb MCTe'leHMe 3AMKCMPa HO'lbto. Mne MHOrO pa3 yAa-
BaAOCb npOM3BeCTM M c o 6 p a ~ bMMKPOKOCMM~~CKM~
B H ~ I I I H M G~ A X H M M ~ ~ C 3KA H
e M~e ~
H T M HeCMOTPX H a TO,
'ZTO II H M K O r A a H e n P M M e H X A 3TMX IIOA'beMOB M O n y C K a -
H M ~ y, M e H X HMKOrAa H e 6 b 1 ~ 0HOqHbIX IIOAAIOIJM~.
Y ~ MM O X H O 3T0 O~'~XCHUT~?

OTB~T:
Barn B O n p O C O q e H b YMeCTeH. K ~ KBbI CKa3aAM, Bbl AMlIIb
H a q a A M H a n O A H X T b BaWM XMqKH; n 0 3 A H e e , K O r A a OHM
6 y ~ Hy a I~I O A H e f l b I , ecAM Bbl H e 6 y ~ e ~nOAHMMaTb
e M
OIIyCKaTb OrOHb, 3 T 0 6 y ~ IlOXOAMTb
e ~ H a M3POTOBAeHMe

~ M p n M q e i 6e3
i WOTBeTCTByloUJerO o 6 x ~ r Ca T e M , q~o6b1
C A e A a T b MX TBepAbIMM M KPeIIKMMM; OHM HeM3-
6 e x ~ op a 3 B M T C X npM nepBOM me AoXae. ~ O ~ T O M
3TM IIOA'beMbI M OIIYCKWMX H e M 3 6 e ~ ~ b 1T, X K a K OHM
M V W T Ty me POAb, 'IT0 M OrOHb, 0 6 m ~ r ~ yKMP-
~ i i
nus. TO M W e A O C b B BHAY B A a ~ b UJMH,rAe I'OBO-
PMTCX: "ECAM B KOTAe HCT HaCTOXUJMX 3 e p e H , 3 T 0 BCe
paBH0, VTO BaPMTb nyCTyI0 nOCyAy, nOBpeXAa5I ee
3TMM
,,.
Teneyb x paccMoTpto TO no~po6nee.Baruu ABa
XOTX M p a 3 A e A L H b I e , M M e t o T OAMH ~ A M H C T B ~ H H ~
KO13CHb; eCAM B P a Y a T b 0 6 0 rAa3aMM,
~ ~ ~ MX KOPeHb 6y-
 AeT T U e BpaIlJaTbCX. Aenarii rAa3 IIpeACTaBMeT BOC-
TOK, 3 A e M e H T O M KOTOPOI'O XBMIIeTCX A e p e B O , a IIpaBb16
I'Aa.3 - 3XIw, 3 A e M e H T O M KOTOPOI'O XBAXeTCX M e T U .
B A ~ M ~AHe pTe B a lTOBOpa'IMBaf3TCX H a 3ana,4, ' I T O ~ ~CO-I
eAMHMTbCX C l l e p B b I M . TO I l p e A C T a B M e T COeAMHeHMe
O ~ O M X3AeMeHTOB, 3aCTaDMIOLIJee Pa3BMBaTbCX X M 3 H e H -
H o e AbIxamie B ~o31-yM ~ H ~ P ~ ~ T M ' I ~ C K Y I O M Aanee
CMAY,
- PaCIIpOCTPaHXTbCX M 0 6 a e ~ ~ ~ s B
i ~OAHO
b c ~IJeAOe.
3 a ~ e M
3TM 06a 3 A e M e H T a , CAMBILlMeCX BMeCTe, AOCTMra-
, npeo6pa3yw~y x e H ~ K O ~ A ~ H H
IOT y e H - r p a ~ o 3 r a rAe
T a M M W K P O K O C M MB' IH~~C I IK
IHMM~ ~~x U M M Y ~ C K M
~~A 3 A~e~-
M e H T B COXPaHRIOLIJYIO X M 3 H b MCTMHHyIO X M 3 H e H H O C T b .
TO XBAXeTCX ~ e ' I ~ 0 XMBHbIO,
fi BO~BP~UJWILJ~~~K
CII
C ~ L I J H O C T H On~p M p o A e , q ~ 0 6 b 1COeAMHMTbCsi C ~ e fBi eAM-
H o e rJeAOe. T O A ~ KT aOK M O X H O IIAOAOTBOPHO P X C M a T -
P M B a T b CYLIJHOCTb M X M 3 H b .
n p a K ~ M K y I O y M f iAOnyCTMT 6 0 ~ b m y mO L U M ~ K YeCAM
,
OH 6 y ~ CMAeTb
e ~ HellOABMXHO, ' I T O ~ ~COBepIIIeHCTBOh
I
B a T b CyLIJHOCTHyIO n p M p O A y , 3 8 b 1 I ~I p M~ 3 T O M 0 B e q -
HOG XM3HM.
H a n p ~ ~ e cpK,o p A y n a nfiga n o ~ o 6 ~
T ea
A y , a meh-
TOK - XM3HM. K o r ~ aI O ~ b 1 f i IJbIIIAeHOK B b I A y I I M e T u I ,
C K O p A y I I a A O M X T C X M 0 ~ 6 p a ~ b I ~ a e ~ HO
u 1 ,e c A M O H a AO-
IIXTCX A0 O K O W ~ H H X BbICMXMBaHMII, BbI H e M O X e T e
PaCC'IMTbIBaTb H a TO, ' I T 0 LJbInAeHOK B ~ I ~ A
M3~HTe e X M -
BbIM. ~ O ~ T O M~ ~YP ~ K T H K YLIJMk
IO Aao AOlOKeH C0XP;IlIIITb
cnoe + u s w q e c ~ o e T e A o , K a K OH o6eperan 661 A p a r o g e H -
HOCTb. OH A O A X e H 3HaTb, qTO

4
T e ~ oH W O COXpiUUlTb TPK, ~ 0 6 b l . W C n o ~ b 3 0 B a T bCIY) KaK CpCAy A M AOCTUXCHW
6-em. HO emu Bbl H e nOKHHCTC e m , TO BW H e O c ~ l y e ~ T 8 MWHM. t c ~
 Puc. 15
Apaxo~M T U V - CMMBOAbl TPUl'paMM KdHb H AU. CBMHL)a H FT')TU, nHeBMbl M w ~
U %. I43 T p a K T a T a CUH-MUH~ ~ % s x u . H ~ I ' I u c ~ : ' ' M c K ~ahXCIMM9eCKOTO
~
nepesopaqusmua ~ ~ P L W ~ A ~ M ~ H TAP~KOH
T ~M OB. HCXOAHT u 3 OW ( c n p a e a ) . He-
npaLtHAbHOe C A e A O B W e rtRM nCPB03ACMeHTaM: T U V P O X . 4 X T C I B BOAe (CAeBa)."
IiOCTM HM B ~ 0 e kM e y e H e CBII3aHO C A b I X a H M e M , KOTO-
poe BXOAMT M B ~ I X O A M T *repe3H O J A ~ MM POT.
n p M H O ' I H O ~ ~IIOAAIOYMM BOCIlPOM3BOAIIUJaJ1 >KMA-
KOCTb YHOCMT C m60k H e K O T O p O e KOAMqeCTBO X M 3 H e H -
HOCTM, KOTOPaJl T a K M M 0 6 p a 3 0 ~IIOKMAaeT CBOlo B M ~ P M -
pYIOyYk0 I I ~ e f i ~
B yI J e H T p e M 0 3 r q ' I T O ~ ~ In , p 0 k ~ RA 0 OC-
HO5;LHMII II03BOHO'JHMKa, 3 a T e M nPOCO1fMTbCII H a p y X y .
M M ~ H H O3 T a X H 3 H e H H O C T b OXMBAIICT C n e p M a T 0 3 O M A b 1 ,
KOTOpbIe 6e3 H e e OCTWTCH ~ ~ ~ X C ~ ~ H 6ec-
M ~ H H ~ I
nAoAHarMM. a cn~3ac
3 ~ wreii~a ~ MOWOM
a 13% ~ e k vc- ,
~efM i CO nce6 t i e l l B H 0 6
H O B a H M e M n 0 3 B O H O ' I H M K a IIOA
C M C T C M O ~T e A a M IIBARCTCII MCTO'IkiMKOM 3 H C P r M M , H e c y -
LIJek XM3Hb. K o r ~ aCepALJe B3BOAHOBWO C e K C y 2 A b f l b l M
X e A a H M e M , T O r A a 6 b l B H~C B
~O 3 M O X H O B e p H y T b o6pa~-
HO 3TY >I<M3HeHHYkO CMAY, KOTOpaJl npOCa.IMBaeTCH BHM3
i ~T e~A a . Tor-
n o CnMHHOMY M O 3 r y , ' I ~ 0 6 b 13 a T e M ~ b 1 f M3
A a H e B O 3 M O X H O COBePLUeHCTBOBaTb Bec4HYlo X M 3 H b . TO,
q T O YXOAMT T a K M M O ~ P Z W M H a p y X y . IIBAReTCR B p O X -
~ e H 1 1 0 f iX M 3 H e H H O C T b k 0 , ;I O H a M O X C T YXOAMTb I I p Y b
I I e p e 3 n 0 ~ 0 I 4 0 f i 3 a T B O p A Z K e H e C M O T P R H a OTCYTCTBMe
C e K C y a A b H O r Q X e A a H M I I MAN c ~ K c ~ ~ A CBR3M.
~ H o ~
130 AAoCCKPJl ~ o I ' A rAABA VII

Puc. 16
C X ~ M ~ "UCTWHHO~
3e~t.1". K o r ~ acepwe B
flOKOe, 3T0 U H a 3 b l B a W -
Cfl " U C T H I ~ H ~3 3 e h i M "
nOCpeACTBOM HCKPeH-
HOCTU, M O A ' i W H f l H MI'-
~ocru.Kor~a caMKa w .
C W e y COeAHHfllC?TCfl, 3TO
U Ha3blBaCTCfl " c B ~ X P " .

I'MBA VII

NPXATBCR LJEHTPA &W OCYILJECTBAEHMII

EAMHCTBA HEEA M 3EMAI.4
TMI1lI;UI >I<M3HeHHOCTb n o ~ o 6 CBeTRYeMyCR
~a K p y V , KO-
~ O ] > b l kIi'X3blBaeTCII B ~ A H K H M~ P ~ A ~ A (Taii
O M VU), 30-
A0TbIM SAMKCMPOM ( ~ 3 U n ba a l c b ) M MCXOAHLIMC 0 3 H a -
HMeM ( m n b 243m3).
C O O T B ~ T C T B ~ H H OBpO>KAeHHble
, ~ e 6 0M 3eMAR M
1 1 p ~ 0 6 p e ~ e ~ t r cepaye
ble M H M I K H M ~ a~ a n b m X H b ( M A W
nOAe SAMKCMPP nOA ~ Y ~ K O MH)a 3 b I B W T C R ' I e T b I p b M
$ O Y M ~ M M IlOAO>I<MTeAbHOrO M OTPMLJaTeAbHOrO Ha'iUa
(u~b-h) .
r ~ a b Il IV yl1aT IIpeABapMTeAbHbIM 3 T a n a M , a rAa-
I3bI V -- VIII - MeTOAaM n p e o 6 p a 3 o n a H M R . &M 3TOrO
C l I 2 ' i W a H ~ O ~ X O A M MBOCCTaHOBMTb
O BOCn POM3BO&5lUJYh3
CMAy, ' i ~ O b b 1 YKPenMTb M 0 3 r AAR LJe~e6n O A A e p X a H M R
n c l ~ ~ ~>I<M3!1M.
oA ~OSTOMY
3 T a IlOCAeAOBaTeAbHaR T p e H M -
pOI3Ka AOA>I<Ha 6 b 1 ~ bRCHa y q a y e M y c R A 0 TOrO, KaK OH
npMCTynMT K l i e f i C geAbK7 OBAUeHMR T B O ~ ~ ~ CCM-
K O ~
hoii ~ e 6 Ma ~ ~ M A Mc, a l ~ mTaKMM 06pa30~c e M e H a 6ec-
CMFPTMR.
UIar A H - I J ~ ~cI~ a r t a n :" Y s a y e ~ y c xc A e A y e T McKaTb
3HWUJMX y ' I u ~ e ~ e k "OH. H e M O X e T CaM C03AaTb UXM-
M M ' I ~ C3AeMeHT,
KU~ nOTOMy 'lT0, eCAM OH HeAOCTaTO'IHO
n o A t r o nOrpy3MTCR L3 T p e H U p O B K y , OH H e 6 y ~ 3eH a~T b ,
KaK nOCTynMTb, BCTpeTMBLLlMCb C M e X W M 3 M O M C 0 3 M A a -
HIM. TO 6 b l ~ a e T6 ~ a r o ~ AOXHOMY
ap~ IlOHHMaHMh3, XO-
TR H a CaMOM AeAe nOHMMaHMR HeT. ECAM O H T e H M p y e T -
CR BCAenYlO, H e O>KMAaR TOrO, ' I T 0 M e X W M 3 M CO3MAaHMR
nponBMT ce6~1,T o r A a ero n p a K T M K a 6 y ~ Hee ~T O A ~ K OH a -
n p a c ~ o k ,HO M I'IpOCTO B ~ ~ A H OA ~IIpOUIy . ' I M T ~ T ~ A
O1ieHb C e p b e 3 H O n 0 A y M a T b 06 3TOM. ,&W HMX 6 y ~ r0- e ~
p a r t ~ oA y v m e , ecm OHM n o A o x A y T , n o K a AMLJO H e H a -
' I H e T CBCTMTbCR, M TOAbKO T O r A a n p M c T y n r r T K co6~pa-
HMK7 ar\XMMMYeCKOl'O 3 A e M e H T a , K O T O P ~ IOHM
~ AOAXHbI
6 y ~ y3 a T~e M C Y ~ A M M M P O B ~nTp ~M nOMOyM OI'HIi Ha
p Ie o 6 p a 3 o ~ a ~er0
MMKPOKOCMM'leCKOM K p y r e , ' I T o ~n~ b B
XM3HeHHOCTb. K o r ~ aB O C ~ p O M 3 B O f l y ~CMAa M >KM3-
HCHHOCTb AOCTMI'WT AOAXHOI'O YPOBHR, Tor++" CYUJ-
HOCTHM n P M p O A a M Be'IHaR >KM3Hb COAbh3TCR B OAHO.
132 &4OCCKA5l f i 0 r ~ rAABA Vll

~OTOMY
YTO BO BPeM54 K W A O I ' O AOnOAHMTeAbHOrO OYM-
UJeHMlI MMKPOKOCMMYeCKMM O r H e M , B p O X A e H H U BOC-
n p o M 3 B O A l I U J U CMAa M X M 3 H e H H O C T b A O C T M T W T AOAX-
HOrO YpoBHfi. T o r ~ aCyUJHocTHaJr npbipoAa M Ayx 6 y ~ y
Puc. 17
Xl3HCtltlOCTb 8 Y 0 3 r C

CTWOBMTCH YeM-TO e A H H b I M , M I I P ~ K T U K ~ W L L J M
IlOYyB-
~
C T B y e T n p M C y T C T B H e CBeTOBOI'O K p y r a , HeCKOAbKO CXOA-
H O r O C RPKMM COAHIJeM H a ~ e 6 e B, O 3 H M K a l O y e r O H e p e A
HMM. TO RBAlIeTCfi p e 3 y A b T a T O My c n e m ~ o kIIPaKTMKM
UIeCTM I I e p B b I X maroo ( p a 3 0 6 p W ~ b 1B~ r A a n a x I-VI),
KOTOPbIe OYMIlJi3lOT BOCnPOM3BOARUJyIO CMAY B T e A e .
TOT K ' Y r Ha3bIBZTCX T ~ W H C T B ~ H3aTBOPOM
H~IM (CW-
a m zyanb).
T ~ M H C T B ~3 aH
T BH
O p~ -
I ~ B ~ b l c I U e kC T e n e H M YAM-
BMTeAbHU M r ~ y 6 0 ~nOAOCTb,
m K O T O P U IIBAXeTClI Be-
AMKMM ~ P ~ A ~ A (Ta6
O M ~ 3 2 4 ) B YeAOBeYeCKOM T e A e .
A~IJccKM~TeKCTbI FAaCRT: " B T nOAOCTb
~ ACXMT B YeAO-
BeYeCKOM T e A e B IJeHTpe M e X A y H ~ ~ O( ~MO A O B O ~ )M
3 e m e k (HMSOM X H B O T ~ ) " . naqmapx I 4 3 m - g 3 y CK;L?~A:
' ' H e n p a B ~ ~ bMCKaTb
~ o 3TO B T e A e M T a m e HenpaBMAb-
HO MCKaTb 3 T 0 B H e TeAa. ~ O T O M Y
'ITO, K O r A a O H 0 H p o l I B -
AReT ce651, TO CTWOBMTClI nOAOCTblO, a K O r A a H e T , TO
ero H e 0 6 ~ a p y x ~ ~ b "C B
. M HM H H ~ y Yk X M CKa3WO:
 EAMHCTBO HE6A M 3Eh4AM 133

" T ~ U H C T B ~ H H ~nOAOCTb
M !I ~ e u ~ e e T r p a ~ M r ~ ; o ~ o 3 ~ a H
ee B YMCTOM BMAe, 6e3 BCXKOI'O H a C A O e H w I , XBAXeTCX
A ~ ~ C T B M T ~ A ~AOCTMmeHMeM.
H~IM BTOTT ~ M H C T B ~ H H
3aTBOp n p o x B l u I e T c x B y c a o ~ w ~nxo ~ ~ e k r u eTMIIIMH~I,
k
HO CTOHT BOBHMKHYTb XOTb K ~ K O ~ - H M ~ MbICAM,
Y A ~ KaK
OH H e M e M e H H O c q b l ~ a e B~ n
p ~ o 6 p e ~ e O~ ~~Ao~ kC T M
u
M cpa3y me ucsesae~6 e 3 ~ a n e k u r e r oc A e A a M n p M
~ ~ b H e k l r rIIOMCKaX
M ~ er0 yXe HeAb3II 6 y ~ H&TM e ~ M3-
3a nPMBX3aHHOCTH K 4 0 p M e " .
MOMHaCTaBHMKM AIIO X 3 H b M AIIO K ~ I'OBOpMAM:
H
" A O C T M3 T~O~r 0 T ~ C ~ H C T B ~ 3Ha THBOo p~a OM O X H O nyTeM
IIPaKTMKU n e p B b I X UIeCTH 3 T a n O B , ( M ~ A O > K ~ H H ~ B
I Xr A a -
Bax I-Vl). OH I I P O R B M e T C I I AMUlb B C A y q a e , eCAM BOC-
I l p O M 3 B O M y i M CMAa, X H 3 H e H H O C T b M AyX COeAMHIIkOTCX
B H C X O A H O ~llOAOCTM A y X a ( ~ 3 8 2~ 5 2 0 ) 3a M ~ X ~ P O BM
~ ~ M
XBluIlOTCX ~ A H H OB ~ O X A ~ H H X
OM~3 H e H H O C T b I 0 , o6pa-
3ywye6 q y r " . Mok 6 p a ~Kyk M-g3b1 caman: "ECAM
BOCnpOM3BO@ya5l CMAa, X H 3 H e H H O C T b M AYX AOCTaTOq-
HO IlOAHbI, T O r A a OHM B O C X O M T B B e p X , Y T O ~ ~ I
BbI3BaTb
IIpOXBAeHMe C B e T a C ~ ~ J H O C T H OIIpMpOAbI;
~ 3 T 0 CBeT
XM3HeHHPCTM E A M H O ~P ~ ~ ~ H o c T u " .
ECAM ~ ~ I B W 'IaCTO
T BHAHbI I l p K M e 3Be3AbI M BCnbIUl-
KM CBeTa, TO 3 T O B c e r A a n p e A B e Y X T T ~ M H C T B ~3a-
HH~
TBOp, ~ 0 T O p b l kHaxOAUTCX B I l p O C T p a H C T B e M nOXBA5IeT-
cx BnepeAu ' u c x o ~ ~ onioiA o c T u Ayxa (3a ~ e x 6 p o ~ b e ~ ) .
BTO EAMHM ~ H ~ H ~ H H O CKOTOPiM
T ~ , RBAXeTCII HaLUMM
" M C X O A H ~ I MO ~ A M K O M " , - 6 e 3 I ' p a ~ 1 M q H b l M , ~ O A O ~ HBe-
O
A M K O ~~ Y C T O T ~ .
~ O ~ T O MCKa3aHO:
Y ' ' B ~ O X A ~ H H ~ERA U H ~ RX ) I < H ~ H
HOCTb IlOllBAIIeTCII M3 H n q e r o " , ~ P ~ K T M K ~ ~ O I IBMAMT
JM~
K a K 3 T O T T ~ M H C T B ~ H H~~ ~I ~
T B O (MAH
P Kpyr C B ~ T ~ )
134 MOCCKA5l .VIOI'A TAABA VII

B A p y r H a Y H e T YAiURTbCR OT H e r o , a K O r A a OH B O 3 B p a y a -
eTCfi, T O r A a I I P ~ K T M K Y I ~ AOAiI<eH
~ M ~ 6 y ~ ~e o~6 p a ero
~ b
M Y A e P X M B a T b C H a t I i U a B M C X O A H O ~ nOAOCTM A y X a 3 a
a ,3 a T e M nOrAOTMTb
tdern6po~be~ er0 B L J e H T p e L43X7f 2y?i
(MAM COAHC'IHOM C ~ A ~ T ~ H M M
r A)e , OH 6 y ~ BeM~~ P M P O -
B a T b , YTO O ~ H ~ P Y X M BnX
o T
P eC
A KIO
IM y 6~aroyxa~~
BO P T y . OH AOA>KeH BO3Aep>KaTbCH OT CO~MP;I~IMRT~MH-
CTBeHHOrO 3 a T B O p a ( ~ Y T ~KOHlJeHTPalJMM
M H a H ~ M )H e -
MeAAeHHO n 0 U e er0 nORBAeHMR, n O T O M y ' I T 0 no~06~0e
A ~ ~ C T BMM
O X~ e T IIpMBtXTM K CTOAKHOBeHMIO C MOJrOM,
n p n r w H x m y e M c m b H t . I e C T P U ~ H M R n o c A e A H e M y , M Bar-
e .~ A M K ; ~~R ~ C T RBAReTCX
3BaTb 3 a 6 0 ~ e ~ a H M B O T ~ T 0 f i Ty-
M ~ H H O C T ~ I OK, O T O P ~ HB " K ~ u r en e p e ~ e ~H "~ ~ ~ I B ~ ~
H e 6 e c ~ t . r EAMHCTBOM
~ (WZX7fb u), B KOH$YLJM~HCKO~
KAaCCMKe - B c e n p o ~ ~ ~ a r o r r EJ AmM H ~ I M( U Z Y U H ~ ) ,a B
A ~ O C C K M X T e K C T a X - X p a H e H M e M E ~ n ~ o r(2.440~o U);
3TW T e P M M H b I 0 3 H a ' I a K ) T e A H H e H M e BCeX ~ e y e k Bes~e-
.
CyrrJee E A M H O ~I l p O H M K a e T B LJeHTp P~ZU~HOCTM B M03V,
TO e C T b B Z
qBZ ZJSO M X p a H e H M e EAMHO~OI l O A A e p X M B X T
3 T O T LJeHTP. ~ O ~ T O MnOCAe
Y TOrO, K a K O C H O B H m >I<M3-
HeHHOCTb 6y+$e~
I I O r A O y e H a B XMBOTe, H a C T y n a e T TO, 0
' I e M B A a ~ bI33MH rOBOPHTCII: " K o r ~ aE A M H O ~OCy-
Y e C T B A e H O , H e O C T X T C R HM'IerO, YTO H y X H O G ~ I A O6a1
Ae~a~b"2.

Bonpoc: B ~ CI K ~ ~ ~ A'ITOM , T ~ M H C T B ~3 H
aH~ ~ Ino~op ~ o 6 e~ ~p y -
V, M ' I T 0 A P y r M e $MAOCO$CKM~ CMCTeMbI Y'IaT BO3Bpa-
YeHMIO K EAHHOMY, K O T O P O e TaK>Ke CMMBOAM3MPyeTCR
KPYrOM. He MOrAM 6 b 1 BbI O ~ % R C H M TMX~ OCHOBHbIe TeO-
PMM, IIPaKTM'IeCKMe Pe3YAbTaTbI M n O A e 3 H b l e 3@@eKTbl.

A H ~ A O T M Y H OB~b l p W e H U e B n e p B b I e BCTpe%aeTC.r! B Baon LJO bl r3 X y ~ a(111-

IY B. H. 3 . ) M B " K ~ H o H M Y ~ c K oKHMW ~ ~ C A T O A B~ O ~ ~ (!iyaH
" T U H LJIMH)
B . ) - npuMu, nepe6.
 EAMHCTBO HE6A M 3EMAM 135

O T B ~ TTOT
: K p y r IIOAJWZTCR I I y T e M ~ O C A ~ + $ O B ~ T ~ AI I~p H
a KO- ~ ~
TMKM IIepBbIX IIIeCTM 3TaIIOB, M3AOXeHHbIX B rAaBaX 1-
VI. K o r ~ aO C O 3 H X T C R MCXOAHM B p O X A e H H M >KM3HeH-
HOCTb, T O r A a CBeT B O C ~ P O M ~ B O ~ CUAbI,
L I J ~ ~>KM3HeHHOC-
~
TM M A y X a ( Z ~ ~ U H , I@, ~ 3 H b )BO3HOCMTCII B B e p X M IIPORB-
AReTCR I I e p e A ~ c x o ~ ~IIOAOCTbIO
oii A y X a (243bl l.jSO - 3a
~ e > ~ 6 p o ~ b OH
e ~ H) .~ ~ I I M c M~ COOTBeTCTBeHHO
~ M Ha3bI-
BXTCR Aao.
TOT, K T 0 H e 3 H X T MOryIIJeCTBa M C X O A H O ~IIOAOCTM
~
AyXOBHOCTM, H e M O X e T CO3AaTb O C H O B H O ~X~M 3 H e H H O C -
TM. TOT,K T 0 H e 3 H X T , K a K A ~ ~ ~ C T B Y IIIeYb
O T M KOTeA, H e
M O X e T C 0 3 A a T b 3TY X M 3 H e H H O C T b . TOT, K T 0 He 3HZT,
K a K c o 6 p a ~ b~ A X M M M Y ~ C 3KAM
eM~ e~H T , H e M O l K e T npeo6-
p a 3 0 B a T b BOCnpOM3BOARLIJyIo CMAy B OCHOBHyIO X M 3 H e H -
H O C T ~ M IIOAHIITb ee K M03IY. TOT, K T 0 H e 3 H X T , KaK
~ P O ' I M C T M T ~B o c e M b 3 ~ e p r e ~ M q e c ~K uWx ~ O B , H e MO-
>I<eT 3 X T a B M T b LjMpKyAMpOBaTb IIO H U M X M 3 H e H H O C T b .
TOT, K T 0 H e 3 H Z T K a K BOCCOeAMHMTb q e T b I p e IIOAIQCa,
TO e C T b BPOX<AeHHbIe ~ e 6 0M 3emIO, n p ~ 0 6 p e ~ e ~ ~ b 1
C e p A g e M XCMBOT, TOT H e MO>KeT c o 6 p a ~ b3TY OCHOBHYIO
>KM3HeHHOCTb. TOT,K T 0 H e 3 H X T , K a K IIOAHMMaTb TtOAO-
1 1 < M ~ e ~ b ~ bM
lfO
i n y C K a T b 0 ~ r p ~ L j a ~ e ~ b OrHM,
~ b 1 f i H e MO-
>KeT C 0 3 A a T b CBeT O C H O B H O ~X~U 3 H e H H O C T M . K o r ~ a3 T a
B p O > I < A e H H U O C H O B H U XCM3HeHHOCTb CO~WPXTCII, qTO-
6ar IIpeA-
BePHYTbCrt K CBOeMy UCTOqHMKy, O H 2 O ~ ~ I ' I H O
CTaBMeTCR KPyrOM, K O T O P ~ I IBA5IeTCR
~ B~OXA~HHO~
C ~ L I J H O C T H On~ ~
p ~ p o ~ o CBeT
k, K O T O P O ~ MCXOAMT
~ O T CO-
eAMHeHMR B O C I I P O M ~ B O @ L I J ~CUAbI,
~~ XM3HeHHOCTM M Ay-
xa M c . x ~ c x o ~ ~ noo fa oi c T b m Ayxa
n o ~ a 3 ~ 1 ~ a e ~nepeA
( y b l WO 3a M~X~POB~~M).
TOT,Y KOrO e C T b 3 T a X M 3 H e H H O C T b - XCMBeT, a TOT,
KTO T e p x e - r ee - YMMPXT, n o c K o A b K y T e A o V e A o B e K a
OKYTbIBXT XU3HeHHOCTb, KOTOPM, B CBOIO O q e p e A b ,
BMeLIJaeT B ce6x AyX, ~ O ~ T O M eCAM
Y, X M 3 H e H H O e AblXa-
HMe n O K H A X T TeAO, YeAOBeK Y M M P X T , a eCAM X M 3 H e H -
HOCTb P X C e M B Z T C I I , T O r A a er0 AyX, l z ~ I l J e ~ ~ b 1IIOA-
fi
Aep>IZKM, AeAaeTCR IIpM3paKOM.
136 AAOCCKAA I~~OI'A rAABA VII
Kpyr HAM T ~ M H C T B ~3 aHT BHO ~p IAOCTMrXTCR
~~ ny-
TeM y c n e U l ~ 0 f iI I p a K T M K H CeAbMOrO 3 T a n a , PaCCMaTpM-
nZMOr0 B 3 ~ 0 f ir A a B e . OH^ 3aliAWYXTCR B C O ~ M P W M M
O C H O B H O ~IKM3HeHHOCTM
~ AASI TOrO, Y T O ~ A
~ eIp X a T b ee y
IJeHTpa (3a M ~ X ~ P O B ~ ~
MMO C) y l y e C T B M I T b e A M H e H M e
~ e y e kTOT,
. KOMY Y A Z T C R c o 6 p a ~ ee,
b BMAMT CBeT C y y -
H O C T H O ~ IIpMpOAbI, ~ 0 ~ 0 p b l f niO K a 3 b l B X T C X M 3 a T e M
PXCeMBZTCR.
6 ~ a r o ~ a pycneru~oii
x npaKTuKe MeToAa e A u H e H m
COAHIJa M A y H b l M nOAHRTMR XM3HeHHOCTM A0 YPOBHR
nepeA M C X O A H O ~ IlOAOCTbW
~ A y X a , 3 T O T CBeT IIORBMTCR
C H O B a M CO B P e M e H e M O n R T b PeCCeMTCR. ~ P X T M K ~ I O -
y M f i YBMALiT, K a K O H BHOBb IIORBMTCR, T ~ K O ; >Ke YMC-
T ~ I GM H ~ ~ ~ I I R T H w H K~aIK~ L~4 , PWee, HO, 1IOCKOAbKy
n p a K T M K y W y e M y H e Y A X T C R c o 6 p a ~ bM y A e p X < a T b er0,
O H C H O B a YAeTMT n p O Y b . T ~ K M06pa30~
M OH YnyCTMT
er0 M IIO3BOAMT MeXaHM3MY CO~MAPHMII
CKPbITbCR, He
I I p M H e C R HMKaKMX p e 3 y A b T a T O B , YTO A O C T O ~ ~ HCOO X a A e -
HMR.
Puc. 18
Cmwrec~ce
n306paxenne eAnne-
HW "qxx -A":
AyXa (IJ~HTPWH blfi
K W ~ ) 80CIIpOH380PJI-
,
wevi cw (mesa) n
nHeBhtb1 (cllp-).
[p,
W x a 24 I ~ W H D ]
 EAMHCTBO HE6A M 3EMAM 137

OAHPKO,
eCAM O H M O X e T COeAMHMTb 3 A e M e H T M e -
TaAAa ( M Y X C K O ~ ~ ) C 3AeMeHTOM A e p e B a ( x e ~ c ~ n kM )
COAHge C AYHOG D OAHOM M e C T e , TeCHO C ~ A M X W , MAM
MHa'ie, CKaUlMBaJl 3PalIKM, M eCAM O H 3 a T e M K O H g e H T P M -
P y e T MX M CMOTPMT BHYTPb, T O r A a O H YBMAHT CBeT MC-
T M H H O ~XM3EieHHOCTM, I I o S ~ B A J ~ I O U J ~ ~ Me>KAy
~CX rAa3a-
MU, nepeA ero w c x o ~ ~ on io iA o c T b m Ayxa, K O T O ~ MT o r A a
6 y ~ eY A~e p X M B a T b er0, He AaBW eMy YCKOAb3HYTb
np0'4b. M '4eM AOAbUle O H 6 y ~ YeA e~p X U B a T b C X , T e M H p -
'4e OH 6 y ~ CTWOBMTbCX.
e~ K o r ~ aO H CAeAWTCH Y C T O ~ ~ ~ M -
BbIM, OH y C n e U l H 0 COeAWHHT A p a K O H a C T M P M (TO
eCTb XCHCKOe M M y X C K O e X M 3 H e H H O e & b I X W M e I#).
K o r ~ aC e p A y e M HM3 X M B O T a COeAMHeHbI, T O r A a ~ e 6 0U
3eMAX H a X O M T C X B C O B ~ ~ U ~ ~ r aHp M
H OOH U
~M~, a KOI'Aa
APPKOH M T M r P "CAMB;LIOTCII", I I 0 ~ 0 X ~ ~ e h b ~Mb lOTPM-
f i
g a ~ e ~ b ~ b 3lAfe iM e H T b l 3eMAM O ~ ' ~ ~ A M H I I I O T C I C
I, O~UPW
TaKMM 06pa30~BCe V e T b I p e CMhlBOAa (cbt RH),,TO e C T b
BpO>l<AeHHOe ~ e 6 0M 3 e u m M n p M 0 6 p e ~ e ~ ~ Cb el pe A g e M
XMBOT B g e ~ T P a A b ~ 0ITOAOCTU
6 ( L J ~ H Hr y H HAM COAHeq-
H o e c I I A ~ T ~ H M&
~M) I TOPO, q ~ 0 6 b 1CO3AaTb h M K p O K 0 C M U -
q e c ~ ~a fAi X l 4 M ~ q e c ~3AeMeHT.
~fi " K ~ u r an e p e ~ e ~
H a"-
3 b I B Z T TO B O C ~ p O M 3 B O ~ ~ U M
CHAaMU
M ~ e 6 Ua ~ ~ M A M ,
n p M nOMOUJM KOTOpbIX W e H e n p e p b I B H O B 3 a M M O n O p O X -
AZTCX.
C e K c y a A b ~ o e COeAMHeHMe MYX'4MHbI M XeHUJMHbI
A a e T nOTOMCTB0 ,@I1 IIPOAOluKeHUX '4eAOBeqeCKOrO PO-
Aa. C O ~ A M H ~~OHA MO X~M T ~ A ~ M HO oT~PMLJ~T~A~H CM-
o~~
AbI ~ e 6 a
M 3eMAM C 0 3 A a e T M U P H w b I ~eryeii.~ X H M M R
IIl)OU3BOAMT M ~ K P O K O C M M ' ~ ~ C K
3AMe ~
M~e H T IIYTeM B3aM-
M O A ~ ~ C T B MM
X e X A y IIOAOXMTeAbHbIM AH M OlpHLJaTeAb-
HbIM MH~.
Ecnn M ~ K ~ O K O C M H ~; I~~ \CX K MHMM ~ '~~ ~ C K3 A
H e~M
~eHT
c o 6 p a ~ K, O r A a OH eye MOAOA, TOI'Aa OH P X C e e T C X M H e T
cnoco6on IIpeAOTBpaTMTb 3 T 0 , HO eCAM Y'IPUJM~~CIInOAy-
'IMA y K a 3 W M X OT OIlbITHOrO H X T a B H M K a M 3 H W T npa-
~ ~ l h b ~ MeTOA,
b l k T O r A a O H C M O X e T c o 6 p a ~ b3 T O T 3 A e -
138 AAOCCKAII ~ o I ' A I'AABA VII

Bonpoc: YTO IIPeACTaBAHeT ~ 0 6 0 6M ~ K ~ O K O C M U ' I ~ C UK XM W

~ ~M -
' I ~ c K3M
Ae~
M e H T U KaK M O X H O er0 n p e o 6 p a 3 o ~ a ~B b3 0 -
~ 0 ~ H0e K6T a p Mn o c A e ~ ~ U
B e6p H y T b B KOTeA BHM3Y X M -
BOT~?

OTB~T:
M ~ ~ ~ o K o c M M ' I ~ c KaMn ~x m n ~ e c ~
3 A~e M
k e H T - 3TO CO-
103 BHeJlIHerO M B H y T P e H H e r O MMKPOKOCMMYeCKUX 3Ae-
MeHTOB, ~ o ~ o p b M
r k3 A y ' I X T CBeT P ~ U ~ H O C THM e. ~ ~ a p
(HAM c a ~ ~ a poca,
rr zanb ay) CO~AXTCII repes ~ o ~ r w k
IIpOMeXyTOK BpeMeHM IIOCAe CMeIIIMBwMR 'IeTbIpeX
CMM~OAOB ( ~ p o x ~ e ~ ~~ eb 6l M
ax 3 e w M~ npu06pe~e~-
H ~ I Xcepaga M >ICMBOT~) M corosa c o A H g a c ~ y ~ o( in io ~ o -
XMTeAbHOrO M OTPMJJaTeAbHOTO h b ) . TOT,KT0 3 H a -
e T , K a K c o 6 p a ~ ber0, TOT IIOAy'IMT 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0H 6
e K T a p , HO
TOT, K T 0 H e 3 H a e T - I I O A p H T TOAbKO 6 e ~ b 1 f i H e K T a p
( C ~ ~ A KUrnHY)
Y ~
ECAM OH eve H e s p e ~TO , cneT B coAHerHoM cnAeTe-
HMM (w?f ZYW) 6 y ~ TYMX-IHbIM e ~ M H~YCTO~'IMB~
BTOTKpyr c n e T a n o r r B M e T c r r n p M ~ C A O B M M n o ~ ~ e i i r u e i i
TMIlIMHbI, HO CCAM OH H a p X T X T OT M a n o r 0 A0 6o~bmoro
M 3 a T e M MC'Ie3XT, MAM Xe OH WKPaUJ'XTCII OT ~ O A ~ U I O -
r0 A 0 M U O r O , UAM PXUJenASIeTCII H a TPM, MAM BblrAIIAMT
K a K IIOAyKpyr, TO BCe 3 T 0 nOKa3blB'XT, ' I T 0 BOCIIPOM3BO-
L y r 4 a 5 l CUAa M XM3HeHHOCTb HeAOCTaTO'lHO BeAMKM. HO
C U M CBeT H e O X M A W H O Ha'IMHaeT IIOAHUMaTbCII M OIIyC-
KaTbCrr T a K ~ L I C T P O , YTO r A a 3 H e Y C n e B X T YUeAMTb, TO
TOrAZi HaCTOIITeAbHO H ~ O ~ X O A W O c o 6 p a ~ b XCM3HeH-
HOCTb M BePHYTb K p y r C B e T a B TeAO. 3 a ~ € !nOCAe
~, TOrO,
KaK er0 CepAIJe U M H T e M e K T n p M -
AYT B HOPMY, I I P ~ K T M K ~ I O I J J H
AOA-
~
>KeH BpZiUJaTb r A a 3 a OT A K D,G , J
M o 6 p a ~ ~K oA CAeAyIoIJJMM o6pa-
30M:
~ O C BpaUJeHMR
A ~ r A a 3 OH AOA-
>I<eH 3 a K p b I T b MX. T ~ KaK
K Tenepb
er0 P O T IIOAOH 30AOTOr0 H e K T a P a ,
 EAMHCTRO HE6A M 3EMAM 139

OH AOAiICCH IIpMIJeAbEIO M O A I I O H a I l p a B A e H H O COCIXAOTO-

'IMTbCR t i 2 >I<M3HCHHOCTM, KOTOPYK) OH TOAbKO YTO 3 a -
C T a n l l A gM13KyAMpOBaTb, M OnYCTMTb ee BHM3 l l O X 3 H b
MO MAM KaH;LZY A ~ ~ ~ C T R M C
X O, n p O B 0 X A a . X ee 3OAOTbIM
~ i e ~ ~ a upn oo A~o c,T b > K M ~ ~ I ~ H H O C HMXC
TM nynKa. TO
nl>(ILJCCC B o 3 B p a q e t l H X >KMJHeHHOCTM B KOTeA, Y T O ~ ~ I
s w c p x < a ~ee
t T~M.
~ O C TOTO,
A ~ K a K ~ O A O T OH~e ~K T a p 6 b 1 ~IlpoTAOYeH
TAOTKOM, OTO3BaBILIMMCX B X M B O T e T O M K M M 3x0, I I p a K -
T M K Y I ~ ~ ~AJOM
A~X e~H CBeCTM 3 P a q K M 6 ~ ~ A3P y T~K 0Apy-
q ,~ T O ~ LCKOHLJeHTPMPOBaTbCX
I H a IIOAOCTM IKM3HCH-
HOCTM ( H M I K H M ~ ~aane m n b noA n y n ~ o ~B )T e q e H M e
AAMTCAbHOTO B p e M e H M , T a K Y T O ~ ~
CBeT,
I K O T O ~ MCYe3
~ I ~
npM ~ I ~ O L U A OMeAMTarJMM,
G nOKa3aACX C H O B a T a ~ o nM e -
TOA C O ~ M I ) ~ H M BPO).KACHHO~~
X O C H O B H O ~XM3HCHHOCTM.
~
Y x c a ~~ 3 h 1 - X H 3CKa3a.A: " ~ O C ATOTO,
~ KaK IIpMpoAa
M X M 3 H b ~ L I A MB03BPaUJeHhI B MaKPOKOCM, H e T OCHOBa-
H U G n O A a T a T b , YTO nPaKTMKYH3UJeMY H e Y A X T C X n p O M 3 -
BeCTM 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 3AMKCMP
f i ( Y U H ~ aalcb)" .
n a ~ p ~ a p~ xm i i - r ~c3 ~~ a~ 3 "~ C: O I ~I I ~
pMpOAbI M
X M 3 H M XBAXeTCX O C H O B O ~ ~ Am M TaPMOHMM nXTM 3 A e -
M e H T O B ( M ~ T ; L Z A ~A, e p e B a , BOAbI, Or- Vt 3eMAM), KOTO-
p h I C CO3AaIOT 3AMKCMP ~CCCMCPTMII".
MoG HaCTZlBHMK AX0 K ~ HC K a 3 a : "npMpOAa M
X M 3 I I b H e MOIYT n p e 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~ bBc OAMH
~ AeHh, nO3TO-
M y T O p O n M T e C b c o 6 p a ~ bMX M COXPaHMTb B Tent?".
Mofi 6 p a ~I\yG l/l-y3b1 c ~ a 3 a :" C o 6 e p ~ ~npom-
e
AeHHylo XM3tIetltIOCTb, KOTOPm IlOXBAXeTCX MeXAy
r ~ a s nae p~e p ~ , MCXOAHOG n o A o c T b m A y x a M npayak~e
r A Z a , ' ( ~ 0 6 6 1H a I l y a U M T h ee B H M X H M ~ a a ~ b
WlXlCb".
 U y H b M-q3b1 CKa3aA: " ~ ~ A O BM
~ MKe e T A B a TeAa:
@ M ~ M Y ~ c K OK~O, T O p o e M a T e p M a A b H O M O C X 3 Z M 0 , a TaK-
Xe AyXOBHOe, KOTOpOe HeMaTepMaAbHO. @M~MY~CKO~
TeAO - 3 T 0 T O , K O T O P O e A Z T C X HarUHMM POAMTeARMM,
a AyXOBHOe - 3 T 0 B P O X A e H H a J I X M 3 H e H H O C T b , CO3Aa-
B Z M m ~ ~ ~ K T MI I eK
p B bOI X~ UleCTM MeTOAOB (rAaBb1 I-
VI). OHOX B u e T c x ~ a m e kc y y ~ o c ~ ~npwpo~ok.
ok Ta-
f i ~ ~ C ~ ~ ~ A ~ A (~y H O
M H C T B ~ H H ~3 aI T~B O p , B e ~ y r r ~ M OT
~432.4) K B~AMKOMYn p e ~ e h y(Taii Zj32.4) O T K p b I B a e T TOT
Kpyr d ~ e ~Ka O, T O ~ XBA5ieTCR
~ I ~ IlpORBAeHMeM CICTUHHO~
IIpMpOAbI H H A M B M A ~ ~ M ~ " .
Y Y a y M k c R A O A X e H H a Y M H a T b CBOlO IIPaKTMKY C MC-
T M H H O ~nPMPOAb1, Y T O ~ P~a I3 B U T b ~ e 6 e c ~ MaKPOKOC-
oe
H IC T U H H ~AYX
MMYeCKOe T e A O T P K , Y T O ~ ~ ~ ~ MOT 6 b 1 CICXO-
A M T ~ ~3 ero cepnga. I ~ O T O M Y'ITO TeAo OnMpaeTcx H a
AyX, Y T O ~ O
~ CI B O ~ O A M T ~ C X
OT y r a c a H M x , a AyX OnMpaeTCR
H a CYYHOCTHYlO n P M P O A Y , Y T O ~ MH e 6 ~ 1 I~I O6A B e p X e H -
H b I M CMePTM.
MTPK, M b l 3 H X M , YTO 3 T a M C T M H H a I l P M P O A d BO-
nA0IlJZT B ce6e K a K CyuJHOCTHJ'lO I I p M p O A y , T a K M Bell-
HYlO X M 3 H b M CWBOAM3MPYeTCX KPYrOM, IlpeACTaBAXlO-
qMM ee H e M a T e p M a A b H y I o C ~ ~ C T ; L H L J C I I OC, B O ~ O A H Y I OO T
papyrueHwx, ~ o ~ o p anpeAcTani\lleT
rr ee A y x o n H o e T e A o ;
MaTepMaAbHbIe Xe $ O ~ M ~I lIO A B e p X e H b I p a 3 p y l U e H M l O .
~ O ~ T O e K p e T 3 a K A l O Y Z T C X BO B ~ O X A ~ H H no-
MC Y O ~
A O X < M T ~ A ~ HXOM~3 H e H H O C T H (CRHD n M H Z , XH ~ 2 . 4 ), KOTO-
CyIJJeCTBOBaAa A 0 B03HMKHOBeHMX ~ e 6 a 3eMAM , M
Bcex ~ e y e i i~, o ~ o p aconeprueaaa,
rr X p K a , Y H c T a M 6e3-
ynpesaa, ~ o ~ o pHm u ' r e M H e 3 a y ~ y e M~ H a e noAnep-
x e H a H M K ~ K O M YO M p a q e H u w . TO TOT c w a r k Kpyr cne-
T a , B O ~ H M K ~ ~ O IllepeA
~ J M ~ r A a 3 a M l 4 , ~ 0 ~ 0 p b l fRBAlleTCR
i
M C T M H H O ~n~ p ~ p o ~ o c6o, s ~ a n a e ~ ocky 6 ~ ~ ~ a gn p ~Me- f i
pOAbIM>I<M3HM. '

Bonpoc: He XBAXeTCX AM 3 T O T K P Y r YbMM-TO P e ; M b H b I M AMLJOM,

CyrrJeCTBOBaBlUMM eye A 0 POXAeHMX? ECAM 3 T 0 TPK, TO
KaKOBa er0 $OPM~M pa3~ep?
OTBeT: %OT K P Y r CBHAeTeAbCTByeT 0 IIpaBHAbHOM COBepIIleHCT-
B O B m H H C Y ~ J H O C T H OIlpHPOAbI
~~ H B ~ V H O
lkCM3HH.
~ npH-
~ e X ~ b 1Y 6e H H K B b I H y a e H PeZ4M30BbIBaTb BHAeHHe
C B e T a XM3HeHHOCTH, UMelOIIJerO K P ~ C H ~ I G
IJDeT, H OT-
KpbIBWIIJerO ~ 0 X ~ b 1 fT
i ~ H H C T B ~ 3aTBOP
H H ~ I ~LJBeTa
K p o B n , B TO B p e M KaK 6 e ~ b 1 f iIJBeT rOBOpMT 0 he no^-
AeAbHOM ~ ~ T B O P
K~ , O P ~ IH
OT ~~e H3MeHXeM, H e T P m C -
$OPMMPY~M, H e CyIIJeCTByeT H H e H e CyYeCTByeT, H e
K p y r ~ b 1 6H H e K B ; S ~ P ~ T H ~HI e~ ~
, p e 3 ~ e p ~H
b H
l ke HeAO-
C T ~ T O ~ H H~ eI B
~O~ ~
, ~ ~ C T W I I JHUH~e ~ M ~ H ~ I I I W I I J H ~ ~ C
He n p ~ 6 ~ ~ m ~ y u ui iHce m
y ~ a ~ l o y u f iHae, c o 3 ~ a ~ -
~bliiH
, e pa3pyIllWLIJHficXJ H e B H Y T ~ H H M ~H~ H e H a p y X -
HUG, He rnea~nii,H e K ~ ~ c H ~ IHGe , G e ~ b ~ f Hi ,e CMHU~,
3 T 0 H e 3ByK, H e O ~ O H X H M ~
OH: K m e T C I l P e M b H b I M , HO
H e pear\eH; OH H M ~ P T B ~ HO
I ~X
~H, B O ~ . OH n P O X B M e T C X
B A~~~CTBH
MMC I I P X T M npu ~ ~ ~ A ~ ~ C TH
B M~ MT.
YCTaHOB-
A e H v O M B P e M e H M &Ul eI'0 tlpHXO&l H YXOAa H er0 MeC-
~ o n p e 6 b 1 ~ wH e~o en p e A e A M M o . C He3a~ZlMXTHbIXB p e -
3eMAe6, ~ Y A Y V H
M e H OH CyIlJeCTBOBZ4 M e a y H ~ ~ OH M
o c ~ o ~ o iBic e x ~ e y e kH ~ o p ~ e n
f ie p e p o a e ~ ~ fMi
r p m c $ o p ~ a g ~He60,
~. 3 e w M Bce B e y H o 6 ~ 3 w a 1
e M y CBOMM CYYeCTBOBMMeM H TOT, K T 0 3 H X T 3TOT
K p y r , M O X e T y 3 H a T b CBOe M3HaVZ4bHOe AMgO, 6 b 1 ~ w e e
A 0 TOrO, K a K e M y ~ ~ I AA O
m 0 POAHTeAXMM TehO.

Bonpoc: r ~ a B aIV P U T KaK nPOBOAHTb X H 3 H e H H O C T b 'lepe3 Ve-

T b I F OCHOBHbIe TOVKH OT A K D, G H J; rAaBa VI YVHT
IIOASeMy IlOAOXMTeAbHOrO H OIIyCKaHHIO O'IpMIJaTeAb-
HOrO OrHH, a TaKme KaK IlpOBOAHTb X H 3 H e H H O C T b uePe3
V e T b I p e OCHOBHble TOYKH A, D, G H J; H rAaBa VII CHOBa
YVMT O C Y ~ e C T B A H T b LJHpKYAXLJHlO XM3HeHHOCTM V e p 3
V e T b I p e OCHOBHble TOVKH A, D, G H J. 3anyTaACX, no-
X a A y f i c ~ a , npOCBeTHTe MeHX.
K O e O q M y e H M e XM3HeHHOCTH (w) M B) HaKOnAeHMe
X M 3 H e H H O C T M AlUI Y K p e n A e H M R A y X a ( ~ 3 H b ) .
Bce OHM H x I P a B A e H b I H a C ~ ~ A M M M ~ O B B
~OH CMn ~P -
~ 3 ~ 0 ~ z l y eCVlAbI,
f i XM3HeHHOCTM M AyXa ( Z ~ ~ U H ,YU,
~13Hb).
a) M ~ K ~ ~ K o c M CMY~~~AcMKM; ~~ ~~ ~ ~ R
BOCIIPOM3BOAR-
yefi CMAbI M M e e T g e A b I O c o 6 p a ~ b~ A X M M M . ~ ~ C sAe-
KM~~
M e H T B T e ' I e H M e Pa3AMqHbIX $a3 LJMPKyAMPOBaHUR OrFW
no MMKPOKOCMMYeCKOMY K p y l y , K;1X 3 T 0 ~ L I A OO n M C a H O
BbIme. AM T o r O , ~ T O ~ Lc oI 6 p a ~ ba n x M ~ M ~ e c K M ime-
i
MeHT, I I ~ ~ K T M K ~ I O U JAM
OA~X
~ e H BpaUJaTb rAa3a, KOTO-
P b I e IIpeACTaBlUIIOT COAHlJe M A y H y . TO I I O X O X e H a CO-
A H e q H y I O O P ~ H T YB 365,25"; OTCIOAa H a 3 B a l i M e - "M~K-
~KOCM" .
K o r ~ aB O C n p O M 3 B O ~ u JM~ X M 3 H e H H Z H CMAbI H a q U -
HXOT B M ~ ~ M ~ O B
I I ~~ ~T K~ T, M K ~ I Q YAM
OA~X
~ e H BpaLIJaTb
r A a ? a OT A qepes D K F (CM. p ~ c 4),
. s ~ o 6 b 1~ O A H R T ~
O r~O IH~b ~(RH XO)
~ O A O X M T ~ A ~ H , K O T O P L I ~ ~I l e P e K P O e T
216 r p w y C O B MAM U l e C T b $a3 n o 36 r p w y C O B M 3 a T e M
OT G 'iepe3 J K L, q ~ 0 6 b 1 OnYCTMTb COOTB~TCTBYIOLIJM~~
e M y o ~ p M I J a ~ e ~ b ~ Ob r1OfHib ( u H ~XO), K O T O P ~ IOXBaTMT
~~
144 rpwyca MAM UIeCTb +a3 n o 24 rpwyca. T ~ K M06-
M
p a 3 0 M , K-AOe K O M ~ M H M ~ ~ B ~ IIOAHHTMe
H H O ~ M OnyCKa-
H M e OrHR OXBaTbIBaeT 360 T a y C O B C OCTaHOBKaMM AAR
OqMIlJeHWl B D M J. P ~ ~ H O BC 5,26T ~ T w y C a PaCKAwbI-
BXTCR M e X A y H D, G
V e T b I p b M I I OCHOBHbIMM T O ~ K ~ MA,
M J n P M ABMXeHMM no MUKPOKOCMMqeCKOMY K P Y q C
B p e M e H H b I M M O C T a H O B K a M H B T O B p e M K a K COAHIJe M
A y H a IIpOAOAXaIOT 6 e ~ o c ~ a ~ o n o .or ~
p o
6 e
u ~ a b ~ ABM-
o e
meHMe no ~ e 6 y .
Bpaye~~ r ~e a ,,$AH
3 C O ~ M P ~ H MaAXMMM'leCKoro
R 3~e-
B ~ T ~ P K (~p "e l y ~ M p y e ~ 0 e
M e H T a M nOAHRTMR " A ~ T K O ~ O
~ b l x a H M e ) n O K a 3 b I B Z T , ' I T 0 AYX M XM3Ht3HHOCTb ABM-
X Y T C R COBMCCTHO.
B Aa ~ I Jb3 H H b C K a 3 a H O : "AYXI l O A H M M Z T C R Bpa-
UJeHUeM rAa3, a XM3HeHHOCTb - AbIXaHMCM, KOTOPOe
 EAMHCTBO HE6A M 3EMAM 143

nPMBOAMT B A B M X e H U e BOCllPOM3BOA5IqYIO M X M 3 H e H -
H ~ W
CMALI".
TO IIBlUIeTCUI M ~ K P O K O C M M ' I ~ C K O ~C~Y ~ A H M ~ L J M ~
~ o c n p o ~ 3 ~ o ~ xC yM eA t~ iI ,HO e c A u npu TOM n p o n y c K a -
eTCX OlrMrrJeHMe, T O r A a B O C n P O M 3 B O f f r r r r J ~M X H 3 H e H H % l
CUAbI IIepeMeIIJyBalOTCII Apyr C A p y r O M M MX yXe HeAb3X
6 y ~ pa3AeAMTh
e ~ AASI &iXMMMqeCKMX g e ~ e k .
6) M U K ~ ~ K ~ C MCM ~ ~ 'A~M ~MC~ LK M~I I~ ~
JXM3HeHHOCTM
6 m a O n M c a H a B wme VI. M e T o A COCTOMT DO BPaLIJeHMM
r A a 3 n o 9 pa3 B K W O ~ M3 q e T b I p e X $a3 (OT A K D, G
M J) UAM BCerO 16 pa3, q ~ 0 6 b 1nOAHXTb n 0 ~ 0 X M ~ e ~ b ~ b l
OrOHb (IIU XO) AM 3anMPaHMII T ~ M H C T B ~ H3Ha O ~ ~~ O
O p a
(62.4 Z Y Q H ~ ) , M W T e M BP;UYeHMII PAa3 no UIeCTb pa3 B
K a > r < ~ O f iM3 YeTbIpeX @a3 (OT G K D, A H J ) UAM BCerO
24 pa3a, q ~ 0 6 b 1 OnYCTMTb 0 ' 1 p M L J a ~ e A b ~ b l fOi r O H b &W
LJeAefi OTKPbIBaHMII T ~ M H C T B ~ H~ H ~ OT~BOO( P I d~ Zy-
a ~ b ) .~ T O
M ~ O ~ nTP O~X I0 p T q e p e 3 Y e T b l p e OCHOBHbIe
TOqKM A, D, G M J TOrO, ' 4 ~ 0 6 ~ C1 Y ~ A M M M ~ ~BB ~ T
XM3HeHHOCTb yXe C O ~ P ~ H H BOCnpOH3Bo@rrJyIO
~W CMAy.
Ho ecrZu H e npOBeAeHo o w y e H M e , T o r A a BOC~POM~BO-
flyax cma H e M npeo6pa3o~a~a
O X ~6 b 1 n ~ O A H O C T ~ ~
B XM3hleHHOCTb.
C) 3 ~ l'Aal3a
a YYMT MeTOAy WGHP~HMII BPO>KA~HHO~~
O C H O B H O ~ XM3HeHHOCTM &M TOrO, ' 1 ~ 0 6 ~ 1 YKPenMTb
AyX, CBII3blBa5l 3TMM Y e T b l P e I'IOAOXHTeAbHbIe M OTPMIJa-
TeAbHbIe H a q u a ( ~ b l2 3 Ullb all) TOrO, ' I T O ~ ~CO-
I
3AaTb M ~ K ' P O K O C M H Y ~ C K H~~ ~
A X H ~ ~ H Y ~ C3 A
Ke M e~H ~
T.
K o r ~ alTOIIBMeTCH CBeT XM3HeHHOCTM, OH y K a 3 b I B a e T H a
0 6 p a 3 0 n a ~ ~3TOrO
e 3 A e M e H T a ; M er0 TOHKOe A ~ ~ ~ C T B M
P a C K P b I B a e T IIPMCYTCTBMe A y X a ~ P ~ K T W K Y I ~ I & J M
AOA-
~
X e H nOMerrJaTb KaK AyX, T a K M XM3HeHHOCTb n e p e A MC-
X O A H O ~n~o A o c n I o A y X a (Zj.382 lpW 39 M ~ X ~ P O B ~T~a KM, )
Y T O ~ ~BCe
I TPM 3 ~ e ~-
e BOCllPOM3BO&XUJ;UI
~ ~ a CMAq
XM3HeHHOCTb M AyX COeAMHUAMCb B OAHO LJeAOe. YTO~~I
AOCTM'Ib 3 T O r 0 , OH AOlOKeH CHaq&ia 3 a M O P 0 3 M T b AYX,
q ~ 0 6 b 1B e p H y T b ero B n e p ~ o 6 b l ~ ~ TbMY
y r o A0 TeX nop,
n O K a B 3TOM COCTORHMM I I p e ~ e A b ~ OTUUIMHbI
fi M IIOKdk
O H a H e H W H e T CMIITb, OCBeUJaR BCIO n y C T O T y I I p O C l p w -
CTBa; T O r A a C A e A y e T A e p X a T b C I I LJeHTpa (3a ~ex6po-
be^) , Y T O ~ L IOCy LtJeCTBMTb eAMHCTBO C LJeAblo BO3Bpa-
rrJeHMX K MCTOYHMKY. n 0 ~ aL J e H T p YAepXMBaeTCII
OCyLtJeCTBAeHMR 3 T O r 0 eAMHCTBa, C B e T AyXOBHOCTM eqe
MOAOA M H ~ Y C T O ~ Y M B
M, eCAM OH O ~ H ; L P ~ X M
C r rB
p eX
M -T
A e H M e MCYe3HYTb HAM M3MeHMTbCII, T O I ' I P ~ K T M K Y H ~ I ~ J H ~
AOIDKeH BPaIJJaTb rAa3a OT A K D,G M J M o 6 p a ~ ~K oA
(TO e C T b Y e p 3 Y e T b l P e OCHOBHble TO'IKM MMKPOKOCMM-
qeCKOr0 Kpyra, COCpeAOTaY MBaRCb Ha BO3BpauJeHM U
XM3HeHHOCTM o 6 p a ~ ~B oH M X H M ~ a a f t b WWftb).
K o r ~ Xa M 3 H e H H O C T b BO3BI)aILJaeTCII K CBOeMy MCTOY-
HMKJI, X M 3 H b CTWOBMTCII 6 e 3 r p a n ~ ~ ~ oTO k . IIBAXeTCII
n p e o 6 p a 3 0 ~ w u eO~C H O B H O ~X M 3 H e H H O C T M AAII y K p e l 1 -
b " M O ~H ~ A Y X O B H AYX"
AeHMII A y X a , K O T O ~ e~CIT ~ ~I~ (TO
e C T b HeYTO, H e M O I y 4 e e 6 b 1 ~ bB ~ I ~ Z X ~ H H ~~ IOM~ )T. O M Y
~ o iHia C T a B H H K h 0 K ~ CHK a 3 U : " K o r ~ aA p a K O H M T M T
"coBoKYI'I~RK)TCA", a COAHge M A y H a COeAUHIIIOTCII, T o r -
Aa B C p A M H e COCTOIIHMR HePa3AMYeHHOCTI.I C03AaeTCII
TaVlHCTBeHHa5I X ~ M ~ ~ X M H ~ " .
Mok c~apruuk6 p a ~Kyii M - L J ~ c~ I~ a 3 ; YECAM
~: no-
AOXMTeAbHOe HaYZ40 (RM) M O T p M g a T e A b H O e HaYaAO
( u H ~ ~) ~ ' ~ ~ A M H I I I O T C' 1I~I0,6 ~ 1 BePHYTbCR K LJeHTPy Ta-
MHCTBeHHOrO ~ ~ T B O PeCAM
~ , X M 3 H e H H O C T b MOAOAa M
CTPeMMTCII PaCCeRTbCII, T O r A a Bb1 AOAXHbI BpaLtJaTb CO-
~ H e l r ~ b AMCK,
l k ~ nI p W A I I T b eI0" (CM. PMC.
Y T O ~Y 14).
>TO TO, O Y e M rOBOPMTCII B u 3 M ~ bC R H b Y X 3 H
AyH b , K O r A a YIIOMMHXTCII 0 " ~ M ~ ~ A ~ ~HuOc M
K ~"Ec-
":
AM I I P ~ K T ~ ~ K ~ I O OTXOAMT
YM~ O T ~ p a B M h b ~ 0KkO f l g e H T -
PaLJMM, T O r A a O H Y n y C K X T B 0 3 M O X H O C T b AOCTMrHyTb
yIIOMXHyTbIe BbIUIe WBOKYnAeHMR M ~ A M H ~ H M R " .
M ~ o 6 a ~ u e ~ u 1 : "ECAM y M T B e p A O H m P a B A e H H a CO-
6 w p m ~ eM O ~ W A M H ~ H MT O~r,A a OCHOBHaR IKU3HeHHOCTb
6 y ~ Ye C~T O ~ Y M B OM~ H e PaCCeMTCII. OH^ T O r A a 6 y ~ e ~
c n o c o 6 c ~ ~ o ~~ A
a X
~ M
b M M Y ~ C K ~O ~ ~ ~ M ~ H H OKOTO-
C T M ,
p a 5 I HaYMHaeTCII 6 ~ a r o ~ aCOBepUleHCTBOBasiMIO
p~ Cyy-
H O C T H O ~IIPMPOAbI M B ~ Y H O
X M~ ~ H M " .
~ T MC e M b 3 T a l l O B ~ L I A M PPaCCMOTPeHbI B TeKCTe
C M H ~H b - LJ3M H , rAe CKa3wO: "M~TOA
MCllOAb3OBa-
 EAMHCTBO HE6A M 3 E M M 145

HMR TpeX COCTaBlurIOrrJMX ar\XMMM'leCKOrO 3AeMeHTa

( B O C ~ ~ ~ O U ~ B O & CMAbI,
J ~ I I J ~XM3HeHHOCTM
~~ M A Y X ~ ) 3a-
KAIO'lZleTCR B BBeAeHMM IlepBbIX AByX B T P ~ T MC~T~e M ,
' l ~ 0 6 b 1 YCUAMTb ero".
Y X ~ ~ - I I H 'CKa3ar\: " l k \ M ~ e A b ~ a R=pal<-
~ O ~ T O MAIO
TMKa npMBeAeT K TOMY, 'IT0 BOCllPOM3BO&JiIIJaJI CMAa CO-
3peeT W n p e o 6 p a m ~ a ~ B~ x
XM3HeHHOCTb, nOTOMy '#TO
BOCnpOM3BOLyIrrf~ CMAa eCTb HM lITO MHOe, KaK HeCO-
3l)eBUlM X H ~ H ~ H H O C T ~ " .
OH T m e c ~ a 3 a ": B o c n p o u 3 ~ 0 & ~yi a C ~M A M~ m u 3 -
HeHHOCTb Hepa3AeAUMbI. T O A ~ Kr O ~ y 6 o ~ on Oe H u M a H M e
COeAHHeHMR COAHLJa M AYHbI M O X e T IIpMBeCTM K Cyrrfe-
CTDeHHbIM AOCTUX~HMIIM".

Bonpoc: B ~ CKa3ar\M,
I 'lT0 I t e p B b I e IJleCTb 3 T a n O B ( r A a ~ b 1I-Vl)
I I O M O T W T IIOAHOMY PaBMTMIO ~OAOXMTeAbHOI'O AyXa
(RH Z U ~ H ~ )O, ~ H ~ P Y X M B ~ ~ M6 O
~ ~a rOo ~ a pCBeTy
x XM3-
TWHCTB~HH~IM
HeHHOCTM, K O T O P ~ IH~a~3 b I B m C I I ~ ~ T B O -
POM, IIOAOXMTeAbHbIM AYXOM HAM n e P B 0 3 A a H H b I M AM-
IJOM. Hec~olprrH a MHOrO'lMCAeHHbIe H a 3 B m M R , OH XB-
M e T C R BCerO AMUlb ~ A ~ C IIJUM
T R KPyrOM UAH IIIapOM CBe-
T a , yn0MIIHyTbIM BbIIUe. XOTR R AMUlb HeAaBHO IIpMCly-
n u K TpeHMpOBKe, R OIIJyTUA 3TOT R P K M ~6 e ~ b r GC N T
n o u e nepnoro me s ~ a n a r;r a l u r e T c a AM TO ~ e k c ~ ~ u ~ e
HO T ~ U H C T B ~ H~H~ ~T BI M
OPOM?

B ~ BOCIIPMHRAM
OTB~T: I AMWb O T P H L J ~ T ~ A ~ H ~AyX
I~ ( u H ~~ ( 3 H b ) ,
K O T O ~ ~n0XBlureTCR
I ~ H a nepBbIX 3 T m ax IIpaKTMKM.
K o r A a Bbl 3 a K p b l B X T e r A a 3 a M BMAMTe n e p e A co6ok 6e-
Ablk CBeT, 3 T 0 O T P M L J ~ T ~ A ~ H ~kI AyX, K O T O P ~ I~~ ~ C O A ~ T -
HO 6 e c . n o ~ e s e ~~ .P ~ K T M K Y BXc e nepme ruec-ra manon,
BbI co6epere B H ~ I L I H MM ~ B H ~ T ~ ~ ~ HAH XMU M~ M ' ~ ~ C K M ~
3AeMeHTbI M TaKMM 06pa30~ BOCCTaHOBMTe BOCnPOM3BO-
& ~ i y y w C M A ~ , ' l ~ 0 6 b 1 y r c p e n u T b ~ 0 3 r@x npoxBAeHMII
 ItOAy'IaIZMyIo n p M COBepIIIeHCTBOBaHMM KaK C y q H O C T -
H 0 f i IIpMpOAbl, T a K M ~ e ' I ~ 0XMBHH,
fi 'IT0 ~ ~ ~ P , c T & M ~
co6oii ~OAI\MHHC
~ eI K
~ p~e T aAXMMHH. ECAM BbI 0IIkM60'4-
HO rOHWTeCb 3a OTPMLJaTeAbHbIM AYXOM, 3 a K P b I B W rAa-
3a, ' i ~ 0 6 b 1 3 a r M H y T b B OTHOCMTeAbHyIO IIYCTOTY, TO 3 T 0
n p H B e A e T B X B O ~ A X T p~O X A e H U J l H C M e p T H , IcOTOpW
OTHOCMTCA K 4epe W3HaHMA; B 3TOM C A y ' I Z 8 6 1 H e AO-
C T H r H e T e HM'IeM) A 0 c a ~ o kC M e p . HO eCAU BbI 6 y ~ e ~
CAeAOBaTb n e p B b I M IIIeCTM manaM, ' 1 ~ 0 6 b 1 ~ 6 p a ~aAXM-
b
M M ' I ~ C3K
A eM
M e~H T B COOTBeTCTBHH C AOKTPHHO~~
OAHO-

AIOTOM) H AeXHT no ly C T O P H Y POXCAeHMA H C M e p M .

AYX,~ 3 ~ a H H b I TaKWM
f i O ~ P ~ ~ OBbIIIIe
M , CaMOrO AyXa,
nOCKOAbKy CBeT C ~ Y H O C T H O ~IIpMpoAbI nPMXOAMT M 3
6 e c n p e ~ e n b ~ o c(y
~ nyu) M ero MOXHO n o 3 ~ a ~ ecps
b .
B a m e T e n 0 IIOAHO B ~ o X C A ~ H H OB~O~c n p o M 3 ~ 0 A X r J J e f i CM-
AbI, M OH MC'Ie3ZT, eCAM 3 T a CHAa OTCyTCTBYeT.
Puc. 19 STOT - CBtT W-
nmwslii TYA- ISJHOCTHO~ nPMPOAb1
~ull~~lfi
Kaii'JAN
AaeT XH3Hb, a em OT-
1. nnlW~bIZi
CyTCTBMe BM3bIBZT
K~~ my^
YWYH) - m CMepTb. C O B ~ ~ I I I ~ H C T
-K K M03q BOBaHHe K a K npHP0-

-
2. Tynenqnvii AbI, TaK M XM3HH
~ a i i a n my^ mu)
- OT m 3 a mu-
~PHBOAHT K peama-
K M03q
4HH 3TOr0 CBeTa
B ~ O X A ~ H H O ~X M 3 -
HeHHOCTH, T b r ~ aK a K
c 0 3 ~ a ~ n enpn06pe-
T e H H O m OTpHLJaTeAb-
om Ayxa ~ a pe-
e ~
3yAbTaT TOAbKO B c@e-
pe W3HaHUJl.
IlOrPVXEHME AVXA B H M X H M M
~ ~H b TIlHb 147

T U B A VIII

TOT MeTOA COCTOMT B IIOABeAeHMH K IIOAOCTM X M 3 -

HeHHOCTU ( ~ O AI I ~ ~ K o M IIOAOXMTeAbHOl'O
) AyXa, KOTO-
pa16 6a1n co6pm n e p q ero ~ c x o ~ ~
n oo
h okc T b m (143~2
9 0 3a ~ e ~ 6 p o ~ M
b OH
e ~ Ha3bkBZTC.X
) IIOrpyXeHMeM
A J I X ~B LJeHTp HMXHel'O 8 a H b ??lSlM. TOT IJeHTp (IIoA
II~IIKoM) W e e T BHeIUHIOIO M PHyTPeHHIOIO I I ' I ~ ~ K H ;
BHeUlHIlR x l r e k ~ a - MCTOqHMK nOA0XMTeAbHOPO M OT-
PMLJaTeAbHOrO HaWU (MHb-~?i), KOTOPbIe IIBMIOTCII
M ~ c T o I I ~ ~ ~ ~ I B X~MH3 H
u e~HM
H O r O AbIXaHMII, MCTOqHMK
3apoAbIUleBOrO AbIXaEiUX H MeXaEiH3MOM BAOXa M BbIAO-
Xa; BO B H ~ T H H ~I ~I W ~ K
CO3AZTC5l
~ 3 a p 0 a b l ~b0,B
~ e 3kw e p X M B a e T C X X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXaHMe M OHa XBMeT-
CX O ~ U T ~ A ~IlOKOX.
K , ECAH B H y T p e H H e e X M 3 H e H H O e AbI-
XaHMe, ABHl'WLZJeeCII B T e A e BBepX M BHM3, H e HAeT BbI-
U l e CepALJa M H e 0IIyCKZTC.X H W K e H M 3 a XMBOTa, T O r A a
O H 0 CT'dHOBHTCII A ~ ~ C T B M T ~ A ~ HHAM
M M CT~~MI\H~MPO-
BaHHbIM X M 3 H e H H b I M AbIXaHMeM, KOTOPOe CO B p e M e H e M
B O ~ A ~B T3T)J nOAOCTb IIOA IIyIIK?M, q ~ 0 6 b 1OCT'dHOBMTb-
CII T a M , O ~ Y C A ~ B A MB B
H e~ 3 m H O e IIPOIIBAeHMe MCTMHHO-
ro IIOKOII.
148 AAOCCKPJI ~ O F A FAABA Vll 1

wana (maoa VII) B

y e ~ nb p e a b r a y y e r o c e A a M o r o
npaKTuKe n o ~ o 6 0~6ae c n e s e ~ ~6me c n ~ o ~ ~Xoe fHiq H -
HbI BCeM, 9 T O efi H y X H O , ~ a 6 b 1O H a MOl'Aa P X a T b Ae-
~ e k MCTMHHO~
. CeMH ( ~ A o A ) , p 2 a A H 3 y e M O e TaKMM 06-
p a 3 0 M , IIOAy'IaeTCR OT CTPOrOrO B 0 3 A e P X a H M R OT r H e B a
M CTPaCTM, T M X O ~ ~M, O A ' ~ & % M B OMeAMTaIJMM
~~ M yCnOKOe-
HMII y M a , ' I T 0 IIPMBOAMT K YHM'ITOXeHMkO CMePTHOrO
cepnga ( y ~ a )M 6)e c c ~ e p ~ ~cepAga
BOCCT~HOBA~HMH oro
( y ~ a &ZO.
) n0C.e~~
CMePTb 3eMHOrO CepAIJa IIO3BOAXeT
YBMAeTb A y ~ ~ b ICBeT
f i C Y Y H O C T H O ~ IlPHPOAbI, K O T O P ~ I ~
BcerAa 3 a c ~ o ~ x e ~ nca.lxl z b m c ~ p a c ~ eAO
k Tex nop, noKa
AOIlyCKaeTCR CynJeCTBOBaHMe C M e p T H O m y M a .
Y'IayMficx, n p o 6 y ~ ~ ~ u r ~ iAi cMs Yr e H M I I , AOAXeH
CTapaTbCR YnpaBAXTb CBOMM CepArJeM ( O ~ H T ~ AY
M ~ or-
M
HR), CBOG y M R O ~ A X T L KOHIJeHTpagMM TPK,
IIOABOAR
' I T o ~YCIIOKOHTb
~I er0 M O C B O ~ O A H TOT
~ CMWWOB, MAY-
4 M X OT O p r a H O B YYBCTB. K o r ~ ya M nepecTaeT 6 ~ y ~
BOBHe, W 3 H a H M e yAeTy"iMBaeTCR M IlRTb W B O K ) I I I H O C T ~ ~
AMIIIWTCX MH$OPM~LJHH HJBHe, T O r A a AyX M X M 3 H e H -
HOCTb CO~HPWTCII M OCTaHaDAMBWTWI BHyTPM, H e pac-
CeMBZICb 6 o ~ b m C
e HapyXM.
T e ~ oREAReTCR o 6 ~ ~ e X
~ Mb3 H
me H H O r O AbIXaHMR, a
cepage ( O ~ M T ~ A M
y e orax) R s M e T c x X ~ ~ M OAMy x a ec-
AM mM3HeHHOCTb YHM'ITOXeHa, T O r A a AyX T e p R e T OIIOpy
M H e M O X e T HM H a MrHOBeHMe 3 ~ e p X M B a T b C . XB U2PAIJe.
~ ~ O ~ T O IM
~ PYX T M K Y ~ U J M M
~ ~M, ~ I O U J H XOpOIIlee
~~ 3AOPO-
R b e , IlO'IyBCTByeT KaK el'? X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXaHMe B M ~ P M -
PyeT B er0 T e A e nOCAq IIpOBeAeHMIl & I H T ~ A ~MeAMTa-
Ho~~
rJMM M B KOHIJe KOHLJOB OH BOCnpMMeT CBOe IIOpszMHHOe
AMIJO, KOTOPOe RBAXeTCX CBeTOM CYIZJHOCTHO~~
IlpMpOAbI.
OH IIO'IYBCTBYeT ce6x H~O~~IKHOB~H HO
llpMXTH0 M ny-
T e M KOIflJeHTparJMM H a AyXe A M C O ~ W P ~ H M R
XM3HeH-
HOCTM 6 y ~ WBepIIIeHCTBOBaTb
e ~ Be'IHyIo XM3Hb. TOA~KO
T O r A a M O X e T 6 b 1 ~ bA O C & ~ ' H ~ TLJeAb
~ COBePIUeHCTBOBa-
HMR ~ e ' 4 ~ 0 fXMJHM.
i
OH A O A X e H X A a T b A 0 T e X n O p , n 0 K a CBeT H e CAeAa-
eTCR K p Z H b I M H BH~PHPI(IOYMM M TOl'Aa HeMe&IeHHO
X O A O A M A ~ H M K ~B~ IIOAOCTM
~, HMXHerO 8aHb mRM.
TOT MeTOA " x ~ ~ I - I ~ H UBAXOAOAMALHMK~" COCTOHT B
BbIBeAeHMM C B e T a B p O X A e H H O r O n O A O X M T e A b H O r 0 A y X a
[ c ~ n bm n b RN zu3ne] ~3 ero M C X O A H O ~~ O A O C T M 3 a
M W K ~ ~ O BB~H~W M
K H I o K ) 'f;LCTb XMBOT'd, COnpOBOXQW-
IlJeeCR T O M K M M UIYMOM, K O T O P ~ I CBMAeTeAbCTBYeT
~ 0
AOCTMXeHMM AHA 3 T O r 0 LJeHTPa. ~ ~ P ~ K T M K ? J K ~ I JAOA-
JM~
X e H . Tor@ H a n p W M T b rAa3a BHyTpb, Y T O ~ W
~ IC P e A O T O -
qMTbCX H a H M X H e M 8aHb VlAW T a K AOAI'O, K a K 3 T 0 TOAb-
KO BO3MOXHO A0 TeX IlOp, n 0 K a H e H a q H e T ~ ~ 6 p w p o ~ a ~
B H Y T P ~ H H HXap.
~~ OH T o r @ AOluKeH 6yAe~I I P e A C T a B H T b
ce6eJ lITO 3 T a X M 3 H e H H O C T b IIOAHMMZTCII K CePAIJY
(O~MT~AM
0rHA) M OnyCKZTCII A0 HM3a XMBOTa (06~-
T e A b B O A ~ I ) C M H O r O K P a T H b I M lTOBTOPt2HMeM IIOA'beMOB
M o n y c ~ m u f ni o VyH MO MAM n p O H M 3 b I B W I J J e M y KZUI'dAY
A0 TeX n O p , I l O K a COBepIIIeHHO B H e 3 a n H O O H a H e np0-
CKOAb3HeT B IIOAOCTb XHBHeHHOCTM n O A n y n K O M . TO
Ha3blBaeTCII "BXOA B IIOAOCTb BHYTPM ~ O A O C T M " H IIBAII-
 e T C X A ~ ~ C T B M T ~ A ~ "H~ O
~BI M
T O P H ~ I MB X O X A e H M e M B 3 a -
P O A b l l l r AAX ~ a b ~ e f i L l I e Cr O
0 ~ M ~ ~ H P I XK"O, T O p O e X B M e T -
CX P e 3 Y A b T a T O M CDII3M C e p A l J a C XMBOTOM.
K o r ~ as e a o n e K K p e n K o c n M T , 3AeMerr-c OCHR B A y x e
OIIyCKaeTCX BHM3, q ~ 0 6 b 1O I I a M T b 3 A e M e H T BOAbl B 11MX<-
Hefi q Z T M X M B O T a B o ~ aT O r A a O ~ P ~ T M T CB
H nap, CTpe-
M I J J M ~ ~ c X IlOAHXTbCH BBePX, CBX3bIB;UI CepAlJe C HM3OM
XMBOTa K o r ~ aO H IIpOCHeTCX M O T K P O e T r A a 3 a , T O r A a
AyX BOJBPaTMTCX K 0PKI.H)' 3PeHMX M T a K M M 06pa30~
Pa3'6eAMHMT CepAIJe C HM3OM X<MBOT;L, ~ 0 ~ 0 p b l fCi HMM
C H O B a H e COeAMHMTCX, AaXe eCAM 6 y ~ BeT e~l r e H M e H e A e -
AM Y M M P a T b O T rOAOAa. ~ O Y ~ M YM?3 - 3 a MCTOUJeHMIl
B~OXA~HHO ~
XW3HCHHOCTM, M C T O Y H ~ KC H ~ ~ X ~ H M X
KO-
~ 0 ~ O0T p6e 3 a S I . ~ ~ A O D ~T aKK,M M 06pa30~,T e p R e T BO3-
M O X H O C T b C O X P a H H T b CBOH) X M 3 H b .

Bonpoc: A T y n O B a T M H e I I O H M M W M e T O A 3aMOP;UKMBaHMH b,yxa

B IIOAOCTM IKM3HeHHOCTM n o b , I I y n K O M . He MOrAM 6a1 BbI
O ~ ' ~ X C H M TO
T~ 6onee n o ~ p o 6 ~ o ?
TO 0606L L J e ~ ~ b l fMeTOA,
OTB~T: i K O T O ~ 3~a K
I A
~ I o q a e T C X B TOM,
q ~ 0 6 b 1I l O W p H y T b H a 3 a 3 p e ~M
~ CAyX,
e s ~ o 6 b 0
r ~~060
AMTb CepALJe OT AWHblX, nOAy'4XMbIX OT OpCaHOB
qyBCTB, q ~ 0 6 b 1 3 a M O p O 3 M T b AyX M c 0 6 p a ~ b XH3HeH-
HOCTb, KOTOp- TOTAa IIepeCTaHeT yTeKaTb HapyXy.
T O A ~ Kn yOT e M ~ A X M M M ~ ~ CnK
p aO
K T~M K M y ~ e p X & M X y
l J e H T a X M 3 H e H H O C T M (IIoA ~ Y ~ K O M
C )LJCAbM OCYYeCT-
BAeHMIl eAMHCTBa BCeX ~eyefiM
, O N O AOCTM'Ib eAMHe-
HMX C e p A L J a M H M 3 a X M B O T a B COCTOXHMM Y M C T B ~ H H O
TMLUMHbI. ~ T O ~HMKOl'Aa
O H e C M O X e T CAeAaTb BO C H e
MMPXHMH.
Tenep b P~CCMOTPMM q e A o B e q e c K o e T e A o . O 6 b 1 1 4 ~ a . m
Y T e q K a X<M3HeHHOCTM q e p e 3 TlOAOCmb ne6ecnozo 6080-
eMa ( m ~ H Y
b U ) DO pTy MOXeT 6 b 1 ~ O
b CTaHOBAeHa I l y T e M
nOAHIITHX X J b I K a , AAR T O r O , ' L T O ~ 0~ 6I p a 3 0 ~ a ~MOCT,
b Ye-
pe3 K O T O ~ ~ IX<M3HeHHOCTb
A MOl'Aa 6 b 1 C T e K a T b B rOpAO M
r p y a b , I l p e I K A e '4eM BepHyTbCX no K a H U y X 3 H b MO B
CBOG LJeHTp ITOA n y n K O M . HO r O p a 3 A O 'laye, q e M '4epe3
~ e 6 e c ~ b 1 fBOAOeM,
i O H a M C T e K Z T q e p e 3 I I O A O B O3a-
~~
TBOP, M eCAM 3 T 0 H e I I p e K p a T M T b , TO 3 T 0 C M O X e T y 6 M ~ b
@.Xe HeBMHHOI'O I o H O m y .
~ O ~ T O MXM3HeHHOCTb,
Y KaK n p a 5 U A O T e p I I e M U T a -
KHM n y T e M , AOlVKHa 6 b l ~ by A p U I e H a aAXUMMIreCKLlMM
CpeACTBaMM, q ~ 0 6 b 1 BePHYTb ee K CBOeMy MCTOYHMKY
,&UBOCCTWOBAeHMII B ~ Y H O ~
XM3HM M COXPWeHMII T e -
Aa. OTCWA ~
CAeAyeT " H ~ o I ~ W U I ~ ~ HX
HM~ R ~ HHO
~ "eCAM
,
XM3HeHHOCTb H e COXPWMeTCII M P Z X O A O B a H M e B O C n p o -
H ~ B O @ L I J ~ &C u b 1 IIPOAOlVKaeTCII, TO I I P ~ K T M K Y W L L J M ~
OCTWeTCII TaKUM xe CMePTHbIM K a K M BCe MMPIIHe, ~ 6 0
eCAM AyX ~ A Y X A ~ BOKpyI',
~ T XM3HeHHOCTb P Z C e M B Z T -
a,npeo6pa3yrrca B n o A o n y I o XMAKOCT~, M c T o q e H u e KO-
0 6 K CMepTM. Y ~ A O B X
~ 0 ~ BeAeT ~M
K B e T M Y M M p Z T H3-
3a CBOeI'O T e A a TO TeAO H a ' l M H Z T CYLIJeCTBOBaTb 6 ~ a -
I'OAapII 6 e p e ~ e ~ X~e Hoy M c H~b I~, B O ~ H M K W L I J OT
~ ~ ~CO-
eAUHeHMII ee ~ 0 ~ n p o M 3 B O p p L I J e fCMAbI
i C BOCnpoM3BOLyI-
yefi ~ U A 0 f iMYX'lMHbI I r e p e 3 c ~ e p T ~ b 1 3faiT B O P B MX T e -
Aax. Ao nepepe3a1-1~11 nynoBuHbr c y y ~ o c ~ ~ npupoAa
ax
M B e Y H U X M 3 H b h 4 A a e H L J a HePa3AyYMMbI; 3 T 0 COCTOII-
HMe Ha3bIBWTCII B p X A e H H b I M [ C R H ~??W%b].
TO TeAO CTZUiOBMTCII CMepTHbIM M3-3a np~o6pe-
TeHHbIX Y C A O B M ~ KOI'Aa
, n p M p O A a M X M 3 H b Pa3XAMH5I-
IoTCII, CTakiOBIITCII Pa3AeAbHbIMM M H e CBl3;IlIHbIMM.
K o r ~ AMTII
a BbIPaCTaeT, O H 0 H a ' I M H Z T C'IpeMMTbCII K
npOTMBOnOA0XHOMy nOAy M B H e M B ~ ~ ~ Y X A W T C ICeK-
I
C y W b H b l e X e A W M I I M 3 T 0 M C T O Y Z T TO, IrTO y H e r 0 OC-
TaAOCb OT BPOXAeHHOrO IIOAOXHTeAbHOrO H a I r W a B ne-
PMOA er0 nOAOXMTeAbHOr0 COCTOIIHWl (1%). B n p e ~ Ire-
b
AOBeK AOAXeH 6 y ~ PZCIrMTbIBaTb
e ~ H a eAy M n M T b e +jMl
IIOAyIreHMII IlOAOXMTeAbHOI'O H a I r a A a B er0 OlpMLJaTeAb-
HOM COCTOlHMM (kf%b), ' l ~ 0 6 b 1 B03MeCTMTb HeAOCTaTO'I-
HOCTb. T ~ KaK
K ~ c e kB Z H O C T M
YeAOBeK H e O C 0 3 H X T
c y y ~ o c ~ ~lTpMpoAb1
ofi M B e I r ~ o f XMBHM,
i TO O H IIOTBOP-
CTByeT BCIIKMM M3AMWeCTBaM M B p e 3 y A b T a T e IIOAOXM-
T e A b H O e HaIraAO B CBOeM OTpMrJaTeAbHOM COCTOIIHMM
CTWOBMTCR H ~ C ~ O C O ~ H IIOAAePXMBaTb
~ I M XM3Hb. K ~ K
 Xe C bM ~ ~ T M ?
TOrAa ~ 3 6 e m a ~ MLI AOAXHbl nOHMMaTb,
YTO p d - e ~ ~ e npean0Aarae.r cMepb. AM T o r o , Y T O ~ ~
~ 3 6 e x a CMepTM.
~ b Ham ~ a M 0 ~ y 4 M AyX
fi AOloKeH BHOBb
BepHyTbCII K COCTOIIHMlo 3apoAbIIIla, q ~ 0 6 b 1 C03AaTb
CYUJHOCTHYIo n p M p O A y M BeYHyIo XM3Hb.
M ~ T OCOCTOMT
A B TOM, q ~ 0 6 b 1B H a Y a A e c o 6 p a ~ bAyX
M IIOABeCTM er0 K IIOAOCTM XM3HeHHOCTM ITOA ITynKOM,
T a K Y T O ~ XM3HeHHOCTb
~ I OKyTbIBaAa AyX A 0 TeX n O p ,
n o K a B HMX 0 6 0 H~e YCT;LHOBMTWI
~ I I p e A e A b H U TMrUMHa
M 06a co6epy~c11 M COeAMHXTWI B OAHO IJeAOe, KOTOPOe
nPOCKOAb3HeT B 3TY nOAOCTb, r A e O H 0 6 y ~ nep ~ e6br~a~b
B H e B 0 3 M y T U M O M COCTOIIHMM, H a 3 b I B X M O M 6 e c c ~ e p ~ u
e M , 3 a p O A b I r U e M Am. TOT 3aPOAbIIU H e eCTb YTO-TO Be-
IIJeCTBeHHOe, M M e I o q e e @ O ~ M YM p a 3 M e p , IlOTOMy YTO
OH IIBMeTCII ~ ~ C ~ A O T HB~b I PM
a X e H M e M COeAMHeHWI
A y X a M XH3HeHHOCTM. OH H e n O X O X H a A p y l U e 3apOAbI-
WM, IIBMfIOILJMeWI CAeACTBMeM A I ~ ~ B M
M XeAaHMX.
TOT,K T 0 XOYeT, Y T O ~ er0
~ I TeAO M3 IIAOTH M KPOBM
n ~o I~Mo ,6 eYeAOBeKy,
CAeAaAOCb ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T H ~ HaTMpaIO-
Y e M y KMPnMY, 9 ~ 0 6 6 1CAeAaTb M3 H e r o 3 e p K a A 0 , YTO He-
B03MOXHO.

Bonpoc: no-BMAMMOMY,
AmccKoe peHMe o6paqae~6 o ~ b r u e
BHHMaHMII H a COBePrUeHCTBOBaHMe ~ e r ~ XMBHM,
ok ripe-
~e6permCOBepWeHCTBOBaHMeM C ~ ~ ~ J H O C T npHpoAb1. HO~~
T O A ~ KBOr A a B e I r o B o p H T c x o " s a ~ p e n ~ e ~~uy ux a "B
ero ~ c x o ~ ~IlOAOCTU
ofi 3a ~ e m 6 p o ~ b YTO
e ~ ,CBII3WO C
c y q ~ o c ~ ~npwpo~oii.
ofi l l o q e A
~ aoccKoe yreHbe 6 0 ~ b -
me y A e u e T B H M M ~ H W I XMBHM, q e M n p ~ p o ~ e ?
T a a B a 1 M M e e T AeAo c " 3
OTB~T: ~ e p x a H u eA ~y x a B ero MCXOA-
~ o i ~i O A O C T M " , n o T o M y YTO s e A o B e s e c K o e T e A o , ~ y ,x
( x F ~ ) 11 p a 3 y M H b I e (no) AyIIlM
M H T e M e K T , XMBOTHble
- BCe OHM O'IpMIJaTeAbHbl ( u H ~M) IIOAYHHIIIOTCII C e p -
AeYHbIM MMnyAbCaM. K o r ~ aCepArJe C ~ O K O ~ ~ HTO O , BCe
3TM n R T b 3AeMeHTOB T O X e 6 y ~ Cy ~~O K O ~ ~ HHO~ IeCAM
,
O H 0 B ABWUeHMM, TO M 3TM n R T b T O X e n p M A y T B ABMXe-
HMe.
 npeo6pa30~a~~n
C a M o p e a ~ s a g u xs a ~ n l o s a e ~ aB i
YeAonesecKoro cepaga B 6 e c c ~ e p ~ coeep A g e . 0 6 TOM
rOBOpMT U3pe'IeHMe: "COB~~IU~HCTBOB
C e~pTA~g e , 'ITO-
6 a 1 c o x p y w ~ bc y y ~ o c ~ ~npwpo~y".
y m
~ A Y ~ O KMeTOA
U ~ ~ COXpaHeHMII npMpOAb1 H e MAeT
A U b L I I e npMMeHeHMII: K W U O B ay ,440 ( y l l p a B ~ e ~ M H )M
X3Hb ,440 ( 3 a ' I a ~ b I I ) . B ~afltef~
i X ~ A H ~ B H O ~
MeAMTaLJMM,
eCAM BbI H e M O X e T e YCIIOKOMTb CBOe W p A r J e &Ul TOrO,
' I ~ 0 6 b 1 Y A e p X a T b AyX B ero M C X O A H O ~IIOAOCTM
~ 3a MeX-
~ P O B ~ ~BbI
M , AOluKHbI nOA0XMTbCII H a p60ly IIe'IM M
KOTAa M H a K W U b I YnPaBAeHMII: M A ~ ~ ~ C T B U
T aIK
I, Y T O ~ ~ I
BbI CMOrAM OCTWOBMTb IlpOIJeCC MbIIIlAeHMII:. ECAM B a M
Y A a e T a i YAepXaTbCII H a 3 ~ 0 6IIOAOCTM, TO BbI HeMeA-
AeHHO pear\M3yeTe COCTOIIHUe IICHOCTM; HO eCAU BbI no-
T e p n M T e HeyAa'Iy, TO 3 T 0 6 y ~ BCerJeAO
e ~ OIIpeAeAXTbCX
BZlfUefi BXAOCTbIO.
Bce BOCeMb 3HepreTMYeCKMX K a H U O B DO B P O X A e H -
HOM COCTOIlHMM 'IMCTbI, HO BPOX+$eHHaJI XH3HeHHOCTb
I I p e p b I B a e T U IIOCAe TOrO, KaK 'IeAOBeK n 0 I I w a e T B n p M -
O ~ ~ T ~ H
n oH
A oO ~ n e , B MoMeHT
xeH nepepe3~ ~
nyno-
BMHbI. ~ O ~ T O MB-0Y M 3 P a T b rA=y 111 M BbInOAHXTb
B~
yKa3WMII:, ~ P H B ~ A ~ H H e~ kI' I,~T~O ~ ~CIO X P W U T b 3 H e p -
reTM'leCKHe K W ; M b I 'IHCTbIMM, T a K ' I T o ~X~UI3 H e H H O C T b
M K ' O B b C B O ~ O A H OLJMPKJlAMPOBar\H B T e A e M TaKMM 06-
P W M M3rOHIIAM 6 b 1 B e 60~e3~1-1.
ECAM B ~ H
I e n p a K T u K y e T e M e A M T a r J m , Bar H u K o r A a
H e AOCTMrHeTe 3TOrO 3aMe'IaTeAbHOrO p e 3 y A b T a T a ECAM
n o ~ o ~ oOkP I ' W n O A H H M a e T U H CTOMT HZUIpIIXeHHbIM
B 0 BpehUl MeAMTaLJHM, T O r A a BbI AOAXHbI n p a x T M K O B a T b
MeTOA, M ~ A O X ~ H HB ~r AI a~B ~
e IV, H eCAU BbI 3 H a e T e BHYT-
P ~ H H MMeXaIMBM,
~ ~ TO T O r A a BbI C M O X e T e npeo6parco-
B a T b B O C n P O M 3 B O b p y y W CUAy B XM3HeHHOCTb. ECAM
IIOCAe AOCTaTO'IHO AOArOrO CMAeHMII B a M eye H e YAXT-
CII n0AHIlTb ~ O A O B OO~p r a H , TO 3 T 0 y K a 3 b I B a e T H a K a -
KOe-TO ~ e 6 ~ a r o n o ~ yCv BHYTPeHHUMM
~e OpIXHaMM.
T o r ~ anpOYTMTe V H BbInOAHHTe ee yKa3aHMII n 0
yAar\eHUK, B-X B H y T H H M X nPM'IMH 3 & 0 l \ e ~ ' & I M 6 .
 ECAMnOAOXMTeAbHOe HaYaAO (In) IIPOXBMTCX, ripe-
06pa3yx n p M 3TOM BOCIlPOH3BOA5lLJJyIO CMAY ( Z ~ ~ U H ) B
XM3HeHHOCTb (ZjU), TOrAa, eCAM BbI H e 3 H a e T e y ~ a a ~
rAZl5bl V H H e M O X e T e ~ 3 6 e ~ BO3HMKXOyMX
a ~ b IIpM
3 T O M O ~ ~ C H O C XM3HeHHOCTb
T ~ ~ , I I e p e f i ~ t TO n R T b B BOC-
IIPOM3BOAXIIJYIO CMAY. B 3TOMy C A F Z Bbl AOAXHbI
IIPaKTMKOBaTb IlOA'beM n O A O X H T e A b H O r 0 M OnyCKaHMe
OTpMLJaTeAbHoro o r ~ e kbs\X T o r o , s ~ o 6 b 1n p e o 6 p a 3 o ~ b 1 -
B a T b XM3HeHHO-b B AyX A0 TeX n O p , n 0 K a CBeT C y y -
HOCTHO~~
I I P M ~ A b I H e IIOXBMTCX nepeA BaMM; TOAbKO
T O r A a BbI C M O X e T e 3aAOXMTb OCHOBaHMe 6ecc~ep~x
0 ~ ~ eCAM
x 0BOAHeHUX M MbICAM I t p O A O A X W T BO3-
HMKaTb M eCAH B m e CePALJe ( o b u m e h b 02M.X) H e YCTa-
HOBHAOCb, T O r A a AyX 6 y ~ 6e ~~ y a ~ a
~ BOBHe, b XM3HeH-
H o e AbIXaHMe P X C e e T C X ; 3 a A O X e H H O e B 3THX YCAOBMIIX
OCHOBaHMe pa3pyIIIMTCX. ~ O ~ T OB M
~ b l~c m e f iC T e n e H M
B ~ H O w, 0 6 b 1 B ~ OTAOXMAM
I B C T O ~ B
H C~ ~MYCAM,
TOrO, Y T O ~ B0CCT;LHOBMTb
~ I OCHOBWMe, KOTOPOrO Bbl AO-
CTWrAM, M IIPOYAM VII, KOTOPaR V M T B03BP-e-
HWIO A y X a B HM'ITO;TOAhKO T O r A a BbI c M o X e T e ~36e-
X a T b P M C K a BO3BparrJeHMH A y X a B COCTOXHHe X M 3 H e H -
HOCTM. K a K 3 T a , T;U( M nPeAb1AYIIJ;UI r A a 8 a OYeHb TeCHO
CBX3aHbI M ~ Y ~ I Z J M ~ CKI IO, T O P ~ I ~ ~
YCneIIIHO BbInOAHXA
yKa3aHcuI o6ewx 3TMX rAaB, BCT'jnHT H a nyTb 6ecc~ep-
TnH. 6 e c c ~ e p Ae o c T n r a e T c X n o c A e ycnemHoro coeep-
IIIeHCTBOBWWl C ~ ~ J H O C T H O
npMPOAbI,
~~ W e H H O n03TO-
MY B r A = e I M b l HaYWM C 06ye~m
KOHLJeHTpaLJMM H a
3a
MCXOAHYIO IlOAOCTb A y X a ( ~ 3 8 2M0% ~e~6po~b
TOT, K T 0 AOCTHr YCIIeXa B CDWpIIIeHCTBOBaHMM n p M p 0 -
Abl, M O X e T PaCCYMTbIBaTb T a W e H a AOCTMXeHMe DeY-
H O X~M 3 H H .

Bonpoc: TO BbI n 0 H M M X T e nOA COeAMHeHMeM MyXCKOrO 3Ae-

M e H T a M e T a A A a C XeHCKMM 3AeMeHTOM ~epe~a?
 TOrO,
~ O C A ~ K a K YeAOBeK B n a A B np~o6pe~e~~o
COCTORHMe (TO e C T b POAMACX), OH IIOTepXA cnoco6-
HOCTb KOHlJeHTPaIJHM; MMeHHO M3-3a 3 T O r 0 er0 COAHrJe
M A y H a H e COeAMHeHbI. eCAM OH I I O H U M a e T ~ A Y ~ O K M ~
CMbICA MX COeAMHeHMR M COCPeAOTaqMBaeTCR H a IIOAOC-
TM A p a t C o H a (ayn 2yn ~ ) *rex nop,
noA n y n ~ o AO noKa
OHM 06a H e COeAMHXTUI, T O r A a MCTMHHaJI X M 3 H e H H O C T b
IIPORBMTCR C a M a ~ O A O C TA~p a K O H a - 3T0 HMXHW~
a a ~ lbW l H b nOA I I y n K O M , K O T O P ~ IRBlUIeTWI
~ MeCTOnpe-
~ ~ I B ~ H3 M
AeM H T a BOAbI M K O T O P ~ IW
~ eM ~ A e p X H T U3Ha-
q a A b H y I o X M 3 H e H H y I O CMAy. CepALJe RBlUIeTCSi MeCTO-
n p e 6 b 1 ~ a ~o ~ M OHO w A e p m M T ~ 3 ~ a ~ a ~ ~b y~ x b. 1 k
u re m
M ~ T O3aKAlOYaeTCR
A B WCPeAOTOqeHMM H a H U X H ~ GYaC-
TM X M B O T P n0A nynKOM. O C ~ U J ~ C T B AT aSK~M~MTo6pa-
~
3 0 M n O A B e A e H M e O r H R , C O A e p X a ~ e r O C RB A y X e , BHM3 K
.C e B e p H O M y MOPH) ( H W K H M ~a a ~ fbf l ~ 1 ~ b )l'Ae
, 3AeMeHT
BOAbI, ~ Y A Y Y MO n a A e H OTHeM, I l p e B p a T U T C R B nap, B03-
~ o uywkcn
l Hanepx.
n 0 r p y X C e ~ L I eO r H R B BOA)! Bb13bIB-T UX " C A W H M ~ "
M MTOrOBOe I I O A O X e H M e H a 3 b I B a ~ T C R OFO OH^ M BOAa B YC-
T O ~ Y M B O MP ~ D H O B ~ C M M "(ZU@ XO lj3Y 2j3Z.4).
ECAM B H e U l H e e COAHLJe M A y H a H e C M e U l U B W T C B O ~
CBeT; T O r A a B H y T P e H H M e BOAa M Ol'OHb H e " C A M B W T C ~ I "
M B p O X A e H H a J I MCTMHHaJl X M 3 H e H H O C T b H e ITPOSiBlUIeT-
CX. eCAM npeAOCTZU3MTb CIM CaMMM CAeAOBaTb C O ~ C T B ~ H -
HbIM n p M o 6 p e T e ~ ~ bKYPCOM,
1 ~ TO 3 A e M e H T OFHA OCTa-
HeTCR CyXMM, a 3 A e M e H T BOAbI OCTaHeTCR M O K P b I M ; nep-
~ b l BOCnapMT
k BBepX, a ~ O C A ~ A HOnYCTMTCX
U ~ BHM3,06a
nepeMecTxTcx B npoTuBonoAoxHbIx HanpaDAeHm. ECAM
BOAa H e 6 y ~ Oen a~A e H a O r H e M , O H a H e O ~ P ~ T H T CBA nap,
~ o ~ o p IIOAHMMaeTWI
b ~ k HZU3epX. TO H ~ Y C T O ~ ~ I H CO-
BO~
CTOXHMe BOAbI M O r m , K a K I I O K a 3 b I B W T MCTObMII nXly-
X a U TKaYMXH, M3AO>KeHHaR B H3ii 93MH
1
.
 O ~ O r OHP R~9 H O H BO3HOCMTCX BBepX; 3 T 0 Cl4MBOAM-
3MPYeTCX A ~ B Y U I K O ~KOTOp-
, n p M A e X H 0 T K U a AeHb M
H O U ~ ,M TO noxoxe H a cepAye ( O ~ M T ~ A M I J Jo
~ r ~ x ) KO-
,
T O p O e H e n O C T O R H H O M H e XOVeT OTKa3bIBaTbCX O T M H P -
CKMX I ~ P M B I ~ ~ ; H H O
IIBMIOILJMXCII
CT~~~, ~ P M ' I M H O 6ec~0-
~~
HeqHoro pXAa p o x ~ e ~ ~ ~ke p e f i .B o ~ aMOT=
M c M
C T e K X T BHM3, 3 T 0 CMhlBOAM3MPYeTCII IIaCTyXOM, BO3Ae-
AbIBWUJMM 6e3 Y C T U M IIOqBy, K O T O ~ CMMBOAM3MPyeT
~ I ~
X M 3 H e H H O C T b , KOTOP- A e r K O PiICCeMBaeTCX; K O r A a nOC-
ACAHRX MCTOILJMTCX, y Her0 A X e H e 0CT;HeTCX B p e M e -
HM, ' I T O ~ ~IIOBePHYTb
I rOAOBY, T O e C T b n O A y M a T b 0 ce6e.
Aaocc~aa~AXUMMII npMMemeT nAmeTapHbre ~ H X M
H a e TOrO, '1~0651
~ e 6 &W Y'lHTb MeTOAy IIpMFOTOBAeHMR
3AMKCMpa 6 e c c ~ e pn o~ a~H U~O r M M , KOTOp= OqeHb
r~y6o~
M aH e npeAHa3HaqeHa o 6 ~ a n aMAM HaIece-
HMX KOMY 6 b 1 T O HM 6 b 1 ~ 0yyep6a C I O f i ~ ~ H H ' X CKa-
H
3aA: "ECAM M ~ K ~ K O C M M ' I ~ C K3AMKCMP
C~~~ ~~CCMCPTMX
H e I l P M ~ O T O B A R e T C XM3 C M e U I a H H O r O C B e T a COAHIJa M Ay-
HbI M C O ~ A M H C H M R~ e 6 Ca 3 t Z ~ l \ e f i , T O H3 q e r o x e O H e4e
AeAXTCII?" TO YyAeCHOe COeAMHeHMe 3 A e M e H T O B M e -
TanAa H Aepena.

Bonpoc: ~ o x U ~ ~IIpOCBeTMTe
C T ~ , M e H X OTHOCMTeAbHO P a 3 H b I X
3 T m O B C Y ~ A M M ~ L J M M BO BpWvUI A B M X e H M no MMKPOKOC-
MM'IeCKOMY Kpy?.

M ~ ~ K P O K O C M HK~P ~y rCTKa Hm ~e ~H a 3 b I B X T C X KOA~COM

OTB~T:
3 a K o ~ a .Be~epM O r O H b ~ P U M C H X I O T C I I AAII n p O A B M X e -
HMX X M 3 H e H H O C T M q e p e 3 3 H e p r e T M q e C K M e K a H U b I yn-
PaBAeHMII 8y MO ( B n 0 3 ~ 0 ~ 0 ' 4 ~ MM~ 3e a)q a T b X ( ~ 3

KOTOpm YCepAHO TKaa He6ecHble MaTbR. Ye6euislii IJapb CXa4UACfl H a et? OAU-
HoqecTBoM u pa3pemuA eii ~ b ~ i i3ma ~ y 3a
x nacTyxa, muaulero aa s a n w o k c~opo-
He pew. Bslkpp s a ~ y x oHa
, u syapa p a m e e a c n
nepecTaira p a 6 o ~ a ~ u npuKaaa
eii a ac EOCTOK,
a e p ~ y ~H ~ paapelllue eii peKy AM ~ c r p m ucn CBOUM cyn-
nepemn
p y r o ~ Bcero
, pas B ron Ha ce~moiinenb cenahnoro Mecnya. 3 r a u r n p u n r i o ~ a ~ ~
eT H ~ ~ C T O ~ Y U B
COO
CTC
ORTH
~UR XeHCKOM) 3AeMeHTa BOAbl H MYXCKOM) 3AeMeHTa OT-
HR, YTO RBhReTCR r t p u ~ u ~ oY
ie
iAOBmeCKUX ~ l p a a H ~ 6 .
MO B n e p e ~ ~ e~ kZ T M ~ e ~ a B) .H a q a n e y n p a x H e H m
BAOX M BblAOX A O A X H b I CAeAOBaTb OAMH 3a APYTMM, YTO-
6 a 1 I I p e K p a T M T b BCe B H e I U H M e flOMeXM T a K , ' I T o ~AyX
~IM
XM3HeHHOCTb MOrAM COCAMHMTbCR. ~P~KTMK~~OIIJH~
IIO'IyBCTByeT T e f l A O flOA IIyIIKOM M 3 T 0 VyBCTBO M O X C T
n O 3 A H e e f l p O A O A X a T b C R LJehb16 AeHb. 3 a T e ~O H 3 a M e -
TMT, ' I T 0 IlOAOXMTeAbHa5I X M 3 H e H H O C T b CHaq;ll\a IIOAHH-
M X T C R O T OCHOBaSIMR 1103BOHOYHMKa, a 3 a T e M CO B p e -
MeHeM, no M e p IIpOAOAXeHMR IIPaKTHKM O H a 6 y ~ e ~
IIOAHHMaTbCR IIO Il03BOHO'IHMKy M eCAM PeIUHMOCTb
I I P a K T M K y l O y e r O T B e p A a , O H a I I p 0 6 ~ 'Iepe3
e ~ 3aTbIAOK,
'1~o6a1AOCTM'Ib BePXyUlKM rOAOBbI. T ~ K MOM
G ~ X ~ O M ec-
,
AM ero 1iayria-r c e K p e T a M a n x u M H n , OH c M o m e T nponec-
TM 3 T y flOAOXMTeAbHYlO X M 3 H e H H O C T b C P a 3 Y 'Iep3 T P M
sa~nopaB Kanane ynpanneHm.
~ O ~ T O M Y ,K O r A a nOAOXMTeAbHaJI XM3HeHHOCTb
IIpOR BAReTCR, O H a B C e r A a CTPeMMTCR O n YCTMTbCR M PZ-
CeRTbCR. A ~ MxO X e T Y A e p X a T b X M 3 H e H H O C T b AMUlb B p e -
M e H H O , HO Y H e M H e T A B M ~ ~ T ~ ACMAbI~ H OB ~OTAHYMC O T
AbIXaHMR M 6e3 AbIXaHMR X H 3 H e H H O C T b H e M O X e T 6 b 1 T b
llponeAeHa no K ~ H ~ A y~n pMa m e s c l r r M A ~ ~ C T B M AIW
X
LJMPKyNlLJMM I10 MMKPOKOCMMYeCKOMY Kpyl')l M B KOHeY-
H O M MTOW O H a y k ~ He a ~
p y X y 'Iepe3 f l 0 ~ 0 B O k3 a T B O p ;
3 T 0 Bb13blB%?.TCR OTCYTCTBMeM AaBAeHHII, W 3 A a D a e M O r O
BAOXaMM M Bb1AOX;IMM. ~ P ~ K T M KZIAXHMMXO,
~ R ~ ~ I I J M ~ c
A O A X e H 3 a K p b I T b P O T , 3 a B e P H Y T b B B e p X R3bIK, ' 1 ~ 0 6 b 1 0 6 -
p X i O B a T b MOCT, K a K 6 b ~ 0O ~ % R C H ~ H O
pa.Hee. K o r ~ aO H
BAbIXaeT, B H ~ I I I H Mc~ ~ e m BO3AyX
~k A O A X e H BXOAMTb 'Ie-
pe3 HO3APM M rOpA0, flOCTeIIeHH0 AOCTMraJI IIOAOCTM
H M I K H e r O A i l l i b TRHR IIOA IIYIIKOM, O A H O B p e M e H H O O H
AOAXeH flOCAeAOBaTeAbH0 WCpeAOTa'IMBaTbCR H a BCe
6 o ~ e eBepXHMX T0'IKa.X O T C M ~ P T H OIIOAOCTM
~ y OCHOBa-
HMII f l e H M C a IIO fl03BOHO'IHMKY A 0 MaKJlLUKM r0AOBbI.
K O r A a OH BblAbIXaeT, M c I I o A ~ ~ o B ~ H HB03AYX
~ I ~ ~ AOAXeH
B ~ I ~ T HMa p y X y 'Iepe3 H 0 3 A P M H rOPAO; O A H O B P e M e H H O
OH A O A X e H COCpeAOTa'IMBaTbCA H a BCe 6 o ~ e eH W H M X
T0YKa.X O T MaKyIIIKM rOAOBbI f l 0 XOAy K;LH;Ma A ~ ~ C T B M I I ,
A0 TOYKM M e X A y ~ ~ O B X M (M~ O AnOAOCTbI0 AYX~), 3a
X ~ ~ I K O MM, Aaee B A O A ~r o p A a K n o A o c T u q3xn zyn B co-
AHeYHOM CnAeTeHMM, Ha LJeH'lpe XM3HeHHOCTM nOA
I I y n K O M , n 0 K a COCpeAOTOYeHMe H e AOCTMrHeT C M e p T H O -
ro s a ~ ~ o yp OCHOB~HMII
a nemca, r A e OHO AO~UKHOo c T a -
HOBMTbCII.
3 ~ LJMPKYMLJMII
a A O A X H a COBepIIIaTbCII ~ ~ C K O H ~ Y H O
AO T e x nop, n o K a 06e n o A o c T u - C Y ~ H O C T H Onpupo-
~
AbI B CepALJe H B ~ Y H O
XM~3 H M ( n 0 ~~ Y ~ K O MH )e 3 a ~ c l 6 -
P M p y I U T , B 0 3 M I I J a A CO3AaHMe M C T C I H H O ~X H 3 H e H H O C T U .
ECAM I I ~ ~ K T M K Y I ~OrAIIHeTC!
~ J H ~ H a w , O H BCnOM-
H H T , YTO B H a Y a A e er0 n p a K T M K a Ka3aAaC-b 6 e c L J e ~ b H b l ~
BpalJJeHHeM KOAeCa 3 a K O H a . ~ O ~ T O MeCAH
Y O H H e CyMe-
e T Y A e p X a T b HCTMHHYIo X M 3 H e H H O C T 6 , T O O H a M H e
CMO>KCT 6 b 1 ~ bC O 3 A a H a M eCAM 6 a 1 A a X e M C M O r A a 6b1, TO
BCe P a B H O O H a B KOHeYHOM M T O E P X C e X A X b 6a1 Y e p e 3
A p y r M e KaHaAbI T e A a O A H ~ KeCAH
O, KOAeCO 3 a K O H a CaMO
O C T a H a B A M B a e T C i M C O n P O B O X A a e T C i COCTOIIHH~M 6 e 3 -
M T e X H O C T M , TOrAa H W O IIpeAOCTaBMTb B03MOXHOCTb
C B O ~ O A H OA ~ ~ C T B O BH~ HT e~ 3 a C T a B M T b er0 nOBOpaYM-
BaTbCX. >KU~H~HHOM
C TO ~X e T T O r A a BO3HOCMTbCII B B e p X
l4AH n e H M C M O X e T HaXOAMTbCII B COCTOIIHHM 3PeKLJMH.
B 3 T O M C A V X ! A B c s K e H M e lT0 MMKPOKOCMHYeCKOMY
Kpyry A O N K H O 6 b 1 ~ bOCTaHOBAeHO, T P K , ' I T O ~ ~' 'I O ~ e k ~ a
6e3 O T B ~ ~ C T MM~O" r A a M r p a T b , q~06k.1 YCTaHOBMTb R B M -
e T C X AM X H 3 H e H H O C T b H X T O ! ~ ~MAM ~ H e T . ECAM n0A-
~ e h b ~ o Tko r, @ n e H M c COKpaTMTC!, H O eCAM H X T O I I U J ~ ~ ~ ,
TOrAa OH OCTWeTCII HanPIIXeHHbIM.
IIa?pnapx Am Xya-IIH c ~ a a "HH ~ : OAHO A a O c c K o e
A ~ ~ C T BH M ~
e CpaBHMTCX C K O A ~ W M3 2 ~ 0 M ~ 2HM O A H a
Tpona H e M o m e T 6 b 1 ~ bA y Y m e n y T M 6 e c c ~ e p ~ wKo~eco
r.
~ Z L K Q HRBhReTCII
~ M C T M H H O ~X M 3 H e H H O C T b I 0 , a nyTb -
TO Kpyr K ~ H ~ A O yBn p a m e H u x (ay NO) M 3a~ararr
( k 3 ~ bMO). Bce, K T 0 CAeAOBaA M O W CXBeTaM, T e l l e p b
AOCTMrAH CBOMX IJe~ek".
Ha 6 ~ a r oMOMM Y M T a T e h R M II T e n e p b n O B T O p l o YKa-
3 a H M R , K O T O P b l e A U M M H e MOM HaCTaDHMKM.
 Mok c ~ a p m u k6 p a ~Kyk M - y s b ~c~a3an:"ECAM CO-
AHrJe H A y H a C H a p y X H COeAHHRIOTCII (TO e C T b 3Pa'IKM
o6oux Ma3 ~ A U ~ KCBeAeHbl
O A p y r K Apyry, CKOIueHbI &M
~ 0 ' I e ' I ~ oKOHIJ~HTP~LJMM),
k TOrAa C e p A I j e ( o 6 u ~ e ~Or-
b
HII) M HM3 X M B O T a ( O ~ H T ~BOAU)
A ~ aBTOMaTMVeCKM
CBH3bIBaiOTCX BHYTPH. TOA~KO B 3TOM CAylrae M O X e T no-
C T e n e H H O pa3BMBaTbCX B p o m e H H M X H 3 H e H H O C T b . Ec-
AH ~ Y H K L J U O H U ~ ) O B W HCepAIJa
~ M H H 3 a X H B O T a nepe-
CTaDAeHO MeCTaMM, TO e C T b eCAM n e p B O e O ~ y C K a e T u I ,a
B T O p e IIOAHUMaeTCA, T O r A a CO B p e M e H e M 6 y ~ AO-
e ~
CTHl'HyTa ~ ~ M X T ~ X H O C ~T ~P . H
A Z U ~ H ~ ~ fIpOABU-
L U ~ M
X e H U H , eCAM n p a ~ ~ u ~ y ~ o yBMeCTO
uii, COBepIIleHCTBO-
B;LHMII B ~ Y H O
XM~ 3 H H 1 TOAbKO 3 a K p b I B a e T r A a 3 a , ' I T O ~ ~ I
3 a M O p 0 3 H T b CBOe C e p A l j e U TaKMM 06pa30~OTKI\H)'IMTb
Bce ruecn o p r w o B Y~BCTB, p a 3 p e 3 ~~ T M MB c e C B ~ M
M e m y nepe~~e H k3w~ek c ~ o p o ~ oTeas,
k a TaK>Ke ero
~ e p x ~ eHi iH H X H ~ .' I~~ ~ T R M MTO, K;U< me OH C M O X ~CO-
3AaTb BPOXCAeHHYH3 X H ~ H ~ H H O C T ~YY;UIJU~CX
? AOIUK~H
OC03HaTb BCe 3 ~ 0 " .
By ' I X 3 H b n a H b CKa3aIiO:

"He XOAH B ropy,

npeme q e M ~ A H K C U6~ y ~ CeO~~ A ~ H ,
b e CBHHerJ ( X H ~ H ~ H H O C T ~AeXHT
) HH BHYTPH H H e CHapyXH.
%a AparOLJeHHOCTb 3aAOXeHa B K W O M YeAOBeKB,
K o ~ o p b 1 2 iO ~ ~ I Y HMOH e n o ~ o 3 p e ~ oa eee~ cyrrJecTBoswHH
2.

TO 03Ha'IaeT, 'IT0 AParOLjeHHM X e M V Y X H H a 3 U O -

,u STO A o c T M m e H u e ero
' x e H a B TeAe K W O ~ s e A o s e K a
3aBHCHT H e TOAbKO OT THIIlHHbl H arope.
H ~ I ~ Ano K ~ C
M0k ~ o ' I T ~ HHaCTaBHHK HK a 3 a : "Aa-
Xe BCAH y BaC eye H e T HCHOCTU OTHOCHTeAbHO ~ e 6 M a
160 AAOCCKAII n 0 r ~ rAABA VIII
arm) M
~ ~ M A Mc ,o A s g a H AYHLI, c e p A y a ( O ~ M T ~ A M ~ ~
XMBOTa ( O ~ M T ~ A B
MO A ~ I ) M LJeHTPa YeTbIpeX OCHOBHbIX
TO'IeK (CM. PMC. 9 ) , BbI M O X e T e c o 6 p a ~ bCBeT, KaK M3-
A O X e H O B I'AaBe VII, M XlPOBOAMTb er0 B HM3 X H B O T a ny-
T e M KOHLJeHTPaIJMH H a nOAOCTH HMXCHerC 8 a H b ttUEHI1,
p a c n o ~ o m e ~ ~T aoMk, A 0 TeX n O p , IIOKa Y e p 3 HeKOTO-
pee MCTMHHM XM3HeHHOC'rb H e Ha'IHeT B C I ~ P H -
P O B a T b M IIOAHMMaTbCII K LJeHTpy l.j3RH 2JVl B COAHe'lHOM
Me, o H a H e M H o r o ~ ~ ~ ~ X M nTp W
C ~ A ~ T ~ H Mr A e m IA ,e q e M
BePHYTbCII B H M > K H M ~
a a ~ ttUEHb,
b rAe O H a eye 6 y ~ e
HeKOTOpOe B p e M nu6pupoaa~b, a IIOTOM 3aTMXHeT.
B ~ e s a n ~O oH a BHOBb B O ~ A ~B TIIOAOCTb XM3HeHHOCTM
n0A IIynKOM, rAe 6 y ~ nep e~6 b 1 n a ~ bB HeIIOABMXHOCTM;
3 T 0 CBMAeTeAbCTBYeT 0 COeAMHeHMM C e p A y a C HM30M
X M B O T a M COCPeAOTO'leHCIM BCeX ' I e T b l p e X OCHOBHbIX TO-
'IeK, KOTOPOe T a m e Ha3bIBaL2TWI " ~ C T O ~ ~ H B PaBHO-
~ I M
BeCMeM BOAbI M O ~ H I I " (w@ XO l53U 25324).
B o s n p a y e ~ ~XM3HeHHOCTM
e K HMXHeMy 8 a ~ b
mnlo nocne T o r o K ~ ~ K y yxc ~ a n o n ~ ~Bc rcnoeii
r MCXOA-
HOG n o A o c ' r u B geH.rpe ~ o a r 3a a ~ e x 6 p o n b (CM.
e ~ rha-
By I ) nOCAe OAHOrO AHII M HO'lM TMIUMHbI n03BOAMT
IIpaKTUKyIorrJeMy B Te'leHMe HeAeAM BO3AepXMBaTbCA OT
nkiyM, a nocne ~ u b ~ e i i r u e nr poo A B u x e H M n OH c M o m e T
H e e C T b MHOrO HeAeAb nOAPXA. TOA~KO T O r A a OH 6 y ~ e
n p e 6 b l n a ~ bB A ~ ~ C T B U T ~ M ~X T ~ X H O C TM0k
A ~~ ~H~ O M.
n o ' l ~ e ~ ~ bHaCTaBHMK
l k TWL YXM-MMH C K ~ ~ U ": ~ O C A ~
C O ~ M P ~ H I . LWXUMM'leCKOrO
II 3 A e M e H T a &Ul B03MerrJeHW3
noTepM ~ o c n p o u 3 ~ o ~ x yc me kb r ' I y ~ e c ~ b 6~ ei ~
i a r kCWT
~ O I I B H T C RB O ~ O M XrAa3aX, ' I T 0 0 3 H a ' I a e T COeAMHeHMe CO-
AHya ( ~ e s a ~r Aka 3 UAM M y x c K o e ~ a ' l a o )c A Y H O ~(npa-
n b ~ kr A a 3 MAM m e H c K o e ~ a q a n o ) ;T O A ~ K OT o r A a06a r A a 3 a
C M O Y T CKOHgeHTPMpOBaTbCIl H a H M > K H ~
YaCTM
~ XCMBO-
T a , B K O T O P O ~ CAeAyeT HPeACTaBMTb 6 e ~ b 1 i iCBeT.
n p @~W K C M P O B ~ M MB3rASAa H a H M X H ~'laCTM
~ XM-
B O T a B T e Y e H M e HeCKOAbKMX AeCIlTKOB AH& BHe3anHO
p a 3 A a e T C X 3ByK, C O I I ~ O B O X C ~ ~ ITOA'beMOM
L ~ M ~ ~ ~ MCTHH-
H O XM3HeHHOCTM
~ OT HM3a X M B O T a K C e p A g y ( O ~ M T ~ A M
O ~ H I I ) , r A e O H a OCTaHaBAMBXTCX M 3 a T e M M a e ? BHM3,
' 1 ~ 0 6 b t BepHyTbCH B H M X H M ~ a~a H b m R H b . TO eXeAHeB-
Hoe ynpamHeHMe B TeqeHue HeorpmwseHHoro w c A a
A H ~ GYMeHbLLIaeT KOAMqeCTBO BAOXOB M BbIAOXOB M OCBO-
~OXAXT CepAye (~ec~onpe6usm
O~ e X ) OT
~H M ~ I C A ~ ~
H B O A H ~ H M ~~ ~ P. M
3TOM A a m e C A e A a OIJJyUJeHMIl T e A a H e
OCTXTCX. TO M e C T b COCTOXHMe r ~ y 6 0 ~ 0 i6 i e 3 m ~ e x -
HOCTM.
PMBA IX

CAMO,A,BWKEHMEKOAECA 3AKOHA

~ ~ C I I J ~ 3aKpbIBaHklX
C C (XO) U OTKPbIBaHMX (7224)
6ecc~epjr~oro
AbIXaHMX 3aCTaBAXeT np~o6pe~e~
X M 3 H e H H O e A b l X a H U e IlOAHclMaTbCX OT nRTOK BBepX K
may ynpanaeawl (ay m ), no KOTOPOMY OHO B O ~ H O -
CMTCX K M 0 3 F j , 3 a T e M MAeT BHU3 no K a H a y 3a'laTbX
( 2 3 MO)
~ ~BAOAb TyAOBHLIJa K CMePTHOMy 3aTBOPY. BTH
IIOBTOpXkOIIJMeCX IIOAHXTMX M OIIYCKaHklX CO B p e M e H e M
n ~ 6 p a y ~M
BbI3OByT r oC T M H H O ~XU3HeHHOCTM
~ B HMXHeM
aanb mu, ~ o ~ o p a ceaqana
rr n o A H m e T c x no ~ a n a y
ynpamesvia K M O ~ I ~~ ~, 0 6 Tb ~1 MB ~ I T O A K H ~npuo6pe-
T~
T e H H O e X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXaHMC BHM3 no KaHaAy 3aYaTbR
BAOAb TyAOBUrrJa, M 3 a T e M CaMO OnYCTHTCX K'dHZlAy
3a'IaTbX K OCHOBaHHH) IIeHMCa, wo6n IlpOABHHyTb n p U -
o 6 p e ~ e ~ X~Mo3eH e H H O e Ab1X;LHMe B B e p X no KaHaAy yn-
p W A e H M K M03Fj.
B I I o C A ~ A HrAaLW
~~ Ma1 PaCCMOTpeAM MeTOA 3 a M O p a -
XMB~HMX Ayxa, ~ o ~ o p b rHi Si B ~ H T;U< ~ 3 - 3 aT O ~ O ,YTO OH
COCTOMT M3 C O ~ H P W M I I B H a ' l W e B ~ O X A ~ H H HCTUH-
O~~
HOG ?KM3HCHlfOCTM B MCXOAHOG IIOAOCTM A y X a (253bt WO
B rJeHTpe ~ o s r a )M X T ~ Mn e p e ~ e q e ~ee~BxH M X I I M ~
aalcb m R M b . ~ P BbIIIOAHeHMM
M 3 T O r 0 rA;23;1 AOAXHbI
6 b l ~ b0 6 p a r g e ~ b r BHYTPb, 9 ~ 0 6 b 1C M O T p e T b B 3TOT nOC-
A ~ A H M Gr J e H T p AO T e x nop noKa cepaye M MHTelzneKT H e
O C R O ~ O ~ T C IOT
I AY;fl\M3Ma ''X" - ''~pyrMe'' M A 0 TeX
IIOp, n O K a BbIAOX H e CAeAZWTCII AerKMM, B TO B P e M K a K
BAOX OCTaHeTCX IIAaBHbIM, raPMOHMVHbIM M cII0~06-
HbIM. CO B p e M e H e M r J e H T p HM?KHerO aalcl* K?XM 3 a ~ t . 4 6 -
PMpyeT, PaCnpOCTpaHXII nOAe C B O ~ ~
AeRTeAbHOCTM OT
CepAIJa A0 HM3a XMBOTO. no IlpOWeCTBMM IipOAOAXM-
TeAbHOrO BpeMeHM 3 T a ~~6par~ wl
OCTaHOBMTCII M 3ZlMe-
IlMTCR HenOABMXHOCTbIO, B p e 3 y A b T a T e V e r O B e BHYT-
P e H H M e XM3He:iHbIe A b I X a H w l OCTaHOBXTCII, IIOKMAaJr
TeAO B TO B p e M , K O r A a B H e W H M e 6 y ~ Iyl p o~A O A X a T b
BXOAMTb B H e r o ; 3 T 0 CBMAeTeAbCTByeT 0 BOCCTaHOBAeHHM
3apOAbILUeBOrO AbIXWMII (CM. H W K ~ )H 0 B 0 3 B P a q e H M M
~ p o m ~ e XM3HeHHOCTM
~ ~ o k K CBOeMy CICTO'IHHKY, KOTO-
p b l k RBAIIeTCII "IIOAOCT~IO B ~IOAOCTH".
T a K H M IIyTeM
AOCTHl'aeTCII CoCTORHMe r ~ y 6 0 ~ 0~k~ ~ M T ~ X H O C T H .
TO r ~ y 6 o ~ o
s ae p o ~ b ~ m eA
~ bor xe m c r e , T e n e p b n o A -
HOCTbIO BOCCTaHOBAeHHOe, H e co6~pae~c.m
H H e PaCGeM-
B X T C X M H e CBR3aHO C AyaAM3MOM "R" - "ApyrMe";
er0 ~ ~ ~ M T ~ ? K H OAAMTeAbHa,
C T ~ He 6 y ~ y . HM
r ~ BHyTPeH-
HUM, HM BHelllIiMM, HM IIOKOeM, HH B03MYLIJeHMeM, 6y-
~ y CwB O ~ O A I I ~ I OT
M B M ~ P ~ L J M ~ , O ~ W ? A M H X ~cTo A H y e
OHO
M AYHY M COeAMHReT IIOAOXMTeAbHOe M OTpMIJaTeAbHOe
H a q u a (Hub-In). OHOK A u e T KOHerJ COCTORHMIO CMH-
TeHMII M 3aCTaBIUIeT IIpaKTMKyIOyerO BO~~TM
B 6ec-
c ~ e p l ~ b 3apo~b1111,
~ i i ~ ~ 0 6 6O1T ~ P O C M T ~
Bce np~06pe-
T e H H b I e YCAOBMII. BTO 3apOAbIIIIeBOe COCTOIIHMe H e 3a-
BHCMT HM OT AbIXaHMR V e p e 3 HO3ApM UAH P O T , HM O T 3a-
AepX<KM AbIXaHMII B H M X H e M A;tIib TIIHC. M~a~ouepy~o-
I g H e M ePeTMKM IIPMMeHRlOT H03ApM M P O T , ' i ~ 0 6 b 1 Abl-
W a T b TOAbKO C B e X M M BO3AYXOM, VTO HMKaK H e CBII3aH0
C CO3AaHMeM 3AMKCMPa ~ ~ C C M ~ P T MBI IIIpOrJeCCe COBep-
LUeHCTBOBaHMR C ~ I I J H O C T HIIpCIpOAbI
O~ MB ~ W I O ~
XCM3HM.
 AAOCCKAA n0r~ l'AARA IX

n p ~ o 6 p e ~ e X~M~3 HoeeH H O e AbIXaHMe " B ~ ~ I X ~ ~ T C

q e p e 3 nXTKM M " B ~ I A ~ ~ x ~ C ? T CYX e" p 3 TYAOBMLZJC A M CO-
3AaslWl ~ ~ 6 p Ba~ OyX ~ A ~~H HMO C~T H H H O ~XM3HeHHOC-
TM B H M X H e M a a l t b ??MHt? nOA IIynKOM. T ~ K M0M 6pa0~
3a OAHMM BAOXOM Y e p e 3 nRTKM AM TOrO, Y T O ~ ~ I
nOA-
HRTb n p ~ 0 6 p e ~ e ~AbIXaHMe
~oe B K a H a ynpaBAeHMx,
CAeAyeT OAMH BbIAOX q e p e 3 TyAOBMLZJe AAR TOrO, Y T O ~ ~
OnYCTMTb er0 no K a H a y 3aYaTbX. COB p e M e H e M 3TM CAe-
AyIOLZJMe OAMH 3a APYrMM IIOA'beMbI H OnyCKaHMX n p M B 0 -
&,JlT B A B H X e H H e BPOXQeHHYIO MCTMHHYH) XM3HeHHOCTb
B l J e H T p e HMXHel'O h l t b ??M?iR, KOTOPZM T O r A a aBTOMa-
TMYeCKM IIOAHMMeTCR no K a H a y YnpaBAeHMR B M 0 3 r ,
3XTmAXX TaM n p ~ o 6 p e ~ e ~X ~
H 3oH e
e H H O e AbIXWMe
O ~ ~ C T H T ~ Cn IoI ~ a ~ s aa ~ya ~ AO
b n CMepTHOrO sa~mpa.
K o r ~ Ba p X A e H H Z M HCTMHHW XM3HeHHOCTb CnYCKaC?TCX
no KaHaAy 3 a W m h R A0 CMepTHOrO 3aTBOpa, O H a BbIHyX-
A Z T H a X O p p LZJeeCR T a M n p u o 6 p e ~ e ~ ~XoMe3 H e H H O e
AbIxaslMe ~ O A H X T L C n
~o ~ a ~ a ynn yp a n n e H w x AO ~ o s r a .
T a ~ o n b r3TM YeTbl pe ABMXeHMR I I ~ M O ~ ~ ~ T ~ XHMH3-O
H e H H O r O AbIXaslMX M B P O X A ~ H H O ~
M~C T M H H O ~X~M 3 H e H -
HOCTM, C O B e p I I I a e M b I e 6e3 BAbIXaslMR BHeIIIHerO BO3AyXa
H03APRMM MAH pTOM.
ECAM 3 T H IIOA'beMbI M OnyCKaHMR BbI3bIBaX)TCX B03-
AyXOM, B A b I X Z M b I M H BbIAbIXZMbIM q e p e 3 H03APM HAM
p T , TO OHM H e ~ Y A Y TH M e T b HM'lero 06yero C 6ec-
CMePTHbIM AbIXaHMeM, M a m no ce6e, He-
A ~ ~ T B Y I O I I J HC
3aBMCMMO OT BOAM IIPaKTMKYIOUJerO.
LJHPKYA~~HII
B ~ > I C Z ~ H HXM3HeHHOCTM
O ~ IIpeAHa-
3 H a q e H a AAR CO3AaHMX X P K O ~X e M ' I Y X M H b1, a MeTOA CO-
CTOMT B nPMMeHeHWH n p w o 6 p e ~ e ~ ~ oXM3HeHHOI'O
ro
AbIXaHwR A M O~AYB;LHMR
H ~ 0 3 6 y x q j e ~
IIOAOCTM
~ l H W -
Her0 a a ~ b
mRM, me K a K B p O a e H H Z M XM3HeHHOCTb,
TaK M n p ~ o 6 p e ~ e X~M~3 o
H eeH H O e AbIXaHMe TXHyT Apyr
Apyra B B e p X M BHH3, K;U( OIIHCblBX4OCb BbIIIIe. ~ P yn-
W
p a B A e H M H TaKMM 06pa30~I I ~ H O ~ ~ ~ T ~ AblXasiMeM
H H ~ I M
~ P ~ K T M K Y I O ~A
~OJA
HX~e~H CKOHLJeHTPHPOBaTbCX Ha no-
AOCTM H M X H e r O a a l t b ??MM (~OAOCTH X M ~ H ~ H H O C T M )
 EECCMEPTHOE AblXAHME 165

AAX T O r O , '1~0661 n p e o 6 p a 3 o ~ a ~BPO>KAeHHYlO

b XM3HCH-
H O C T ~B ~ p q m
xe,uYymny.
Xo~aGa,CTOXHMC, IIOA'beM, HaKAOHbI ( I I p M B b I n O A H e -
HMM n o ~ c e ~ ~ pea ~ 6 o~
~ bor )k- BCe 3 T 0 XBAXeTCX n O A -
XOAXYMMM M O M e H T a M M CV\R B P a U J e H M X Ko~eca3 a K O H a ,
g e A b l 0 K O T O p O r O XBAXeTCX C ~ ~ A M M ~ ~ BJ ~
MOR X A ~ H H O ~
X M 3 H e H H O C T M , Y T O ~ ~I l Ie C T O B a T b B e Y H y K l X M 3 H b . B T ~
B p O X A e H H m X M 3 H e H H O C T b A O A X H a ABMraTbCX B YHMCOH
C n p ~ o 6 p e ~ e I~K M
~ 3bH e1H H
~ bIM AbIXaHMeM B H e n p e -
~ ~ I B HIIOCAeAOBaTeAbHOCTM;
O ~ 3 T 0 M e C T b CaMOBpaUJC-
HMe K o A e c a 3 a ~ o ~~ao, ~ o p a rXini m e T c x MMK~OKOCMOM.
K o r ~ aI I P ~ K T M K Y ~ O ~ ~ JAOCTMI'XT
MG 3TOr0 3Tana, OH
AOAX<eH 0CTeperaTbC.X IIOTepM nOAOXMTeAbHOr0 H a y a h a
[I%]no HOYaM, n O T O M y YTO CCAM O H 6 y ~ 6e33a6o~e~,
e ~
TOl'Aa IIepB0HaYahbHa.H XM3HeHHa.H CHAa P X C e e T C X M
3 T M M CBeAeTCX K HyAKl BCe, ' I T 0 6 a r ~ oA 0 CMX nop AO-
CTMrHYTO. n p M 3 b I B a l 0 BCeX C e p b e 3 H b I X YYeHMKOB 06pa-
TMTb H a 3 T 0 0 ~ 0 6 0C e p K 3 H O e B H M M W M e .
ECAM B H M M ~ H Mn~p a K T c l K y m y e r o o c ~ a 6 e ex ~o ~ ~a b
OAMH A e H b , O H 6 y ~ CeM ~ y u J e H CHaMM HOYblO M 6 ~ a r o ~ a -
p X 3TOMY I I O T e p X e T B p O X A e H H y K l X M 3 H e H H y l O CMAy. OH
A O A X e H 3 H a T b , YTO BCe I l p M A e X H b l e YYeHMKM C B O ~ O A H ~ I
O T CHOB. B A a ~ LJ3MH
b CKa3aHO: ' ' C O B ~ ~ L UY~e AH0 - H ~ I ~
BeK C B O ~ O A C HO T CHOB". BTO H e BHaYMT, YTO O H H e BM-
AMT CHOB, HO O H C B O ~ O A ~OHT C K B e P H b l X CHOB.
I / ~ M ~ ~ T cYxe T b l p e K a T e r O p M M XOPOIIIMX ~ m ~ e CBO-
k,
6 o ~ ~ b OT
r x CKBCpHbIX CHOB: C O B e p I I I e H H b l e , 6ecc~ep~-
H b l e , CBRTbIe M M y A p b I e .
~ O X O T A M BM
~ I a~h Y H b l e MMPRHC M O r Y T eye npZTl4-
KOBaTb aAXMMMI0, KOTOpZlA A ~ ~ ~ C T B M T ~ AT ~
p yHAOH a AAR
BRAblX A I O A ~ G .K o r ~ aM M P C K O ~YeAOBeK
~ BMAMT YTO-HM-
6 y ~ IbI p U B A e K a T e A b H O e BO C H e , A p y r M e p X A O M C H M M H e
UMART HMYerO. B CBOMX C H a X O H M O X e T XOAMTb no YAM-
LpM, P B a T b K p X M B b I e LJBeTbI, CAbIIIIaTb, K a K K T O - H M ~ Y A ~
FOBOpMT e M y , 3 a p a 6 o ~ a ~HAM
b I I O T e p X T b A e H b l W , M BCe
3TM B e Y H H e p e a A b H b I . HO eCAM e M y IIPMCHMTCII H e n P o -
M ~ B O A ~ HC O~ ~M X M ~ B ~ ~ X T~o H
r AM
a OH
~ , H a C ~ M O MA e A e
n o T e p x e r BOCnpOM3BOARIIJyIo X M A K O C T ~ . TXMM o6pa-
3 0 M , BCe CHbI H e p e U b H b I 3 a MCKAIQYeHMeM CHOB 0 C e M -
M3Bep>KeHMM, K O T O p b I e C O n p O B O X A W T C R no~epefiBOC-
n p o M 3 ~ 0 ye6
~ R X<MAKOCTM. eCAM I I P ~ K T M K Y I Q I I J M ~XOYeT
~
I I p e O A O A e T b BRAOCTb AAR T O r O , Y T O ~ O
~ CI B O ~ O A M T ~ COT
R
CHOB, OH AOAlKeH nPMMeHMTb MeTOA, ~a3bl~aeMbIk
Ma B n R T b A P ~ K O H O B " , K O T O P ~ Inpe-
" C B ~ P T ~ I B ~ H MT ~e A ~
K P a T M T BCIO er0 BRAOCTb M IIOAOXMT KOHeIJ er0 CHaM. B
pe3yAbTaTe er0 H O Y H b I e IlOAAIQLJMM I I P e K P a T R T C I I M O H
He 6 y ~ 6eo ~ ~ b r u eCOKpYUlaTbCII n o ITOBOAy n O T e p M H a w -
6 o ~ e e~ p a r o g e ~ ~~oef qi w K, O T O P ~ R c 0 x p a H R e - r X M S H ~ .
OH T O r A a C M O X e T C ~ ~ A M M M P O B DOCllpOM3BO&XLLJylU
~T~
CMAy B AparOLJeHHyIQ X<eMYyXMHy. &R AOCTMXeHMR
3 T O r 0 O H A O A X e H IlOAOXMTbCR H a Y e ~ b l p e ~ 3 ~ a n ~ U-
b 1 f i
X M M M Y ~ C K MIIpOIJeCC
~ AbIXaHMR: BAOX, BbIAOX, nOArbeM M
C n y C K , ~ 0 ~ 0 p b I Cf Oi 3 A X T ~ ~ C C M ~ ~A bTI XHW O
M e~, H e 3 a -
BMCRIIJee O T A b I X W M R Y e p e 3 HO3APM M POT.
n a ~ p u a p xy ~ Y H - C I Qc~a3an:
~

"KTO ~ O B O P M T ,
TO HeAb3Il HaYYMTb C Y ~ A M M ~ ~ ~ M
~ P IIOMOUJM
M OrHIl?
B e ~ bTOAbKO 6 e 3 ~ 0 ~ ~ 1 i KpYrOBpaIYeHMIl
ble
M o r y ~M3MePMTb HeM3MepMMYH) ~ A Y ~ C I H Y .
B ApeBHOCTM TbICIlYM CBIlTblX ~to~efi
O C ~ ~ ~ C T B3 TA0 ,X A M
3 0 ~ BrAIlAbIBaIlCb
~ 0 B IIpOrJeCC AbIXaHMIl,
q ~ 0 6 b 1AOCTMY~~ ~ C C M ~ P T M X " .

~ O O
AC T W O B KAO
bIX
~W M R n O A p a 3 y M e B X T C R COCTO-
R H M e ~ ~ ~ M T ~ X H O C T nMp ,M KOTOPOM I I P ~ K T M K Y I Q Y H ~ ~
OKa3bIBXTCR 6 e 3 C03HWMR, er0 A b I X W M e nOYTM npe-
K p a I I J a e T C R I4 er0 IIyAbCbI I I e p e C T a l O T ~ U T ~ C RTO
. Ha3bI-
B X T C R 3aMOpa>rcMBaHMeM AyXa.
n e p ~ b l eBOCeMb r A a B 3~0fiKHMFM KaCZUMCb ~ C A O B M
M U O ~ ~ ~ ~ M ~ I T ~ > K H O(CRO
CTM sun ~43un),a ma r A a n a
C B R 3 a H a C O C T ~ H O B K O0~6~b 1 u ~ o r o AblXaHMR, n p M KOTO-
P O M n p e A n o A a r a e T c X 6 0 ~ b w a~ ~~ ~ M X T ~ ~ K (aa 8un
H O C T ~
2 5 3 ~ ~ ) .
K o r ~ aI I P ~ K T H K Y H ~ U JBMn~e p~ B b I e A O C T M r Z T COCTOR-
HMR TMUIMHbI, OH p e a M 3 Y e T AMIIlb M e H b U I y h 3 6e3~x~ex-
HOCTb, KOTOPWl AAHTCX OAMH A e H b , B K O T O P O ~ I I X M y p -
HOCTb M n y T a H H O C T b I I P M B O M T er0 B 6 e c c o 3 ~ a ~ e ~ b ~ o e
COCTOXHMe, I I O A O ~ H OY
~MMpWLIJeMy YeAOBeKy, KOTO-
p b l k I I e P e C T Z T AbIUIaTb. 3 a ~ OeH ~H a Y M H Z T MCIIbITbI-
B a T b C p e A H H 3 m ~ ~ ~ M X T ~ X H OAA5IIIIIJyIOCX
C T ~ , nOApRA ? p H
AHX M BbICOKyh3 ~ ~ ~ M ~ I T ~ > I < H o c T ~ , npOAOA>KaeT-
KOTOPaJI
CR C e M b ~ ~ e fTOT
i. T P ~ T M
3 T~a n~ H e CAeAYeT no O L I I M ~ K ~
IIPMHMMaTb 3 a C M e p T b , IIOCKOAbKy O H TOAbKO 3 H a M e H y e T
BO3BpaUJeHMe A y X a M X M 3 H e H H O C T M K MX MCTOYHMKy,
BO3pO>r<AeHMe B ~ Y H o>r<M3HM
~ ~ M IIPeTBOPeHMe UXMMM-
q e C K O r 0 3 A e M e H T a B RPKYIO XeMYY>KMHy.
T e n e p b npaKTMKyH3uJeMy HyXHa 3a6o~aero TOBa-
p M y e 6 , K O T O p b I e H e AOAXHbI A O n y C K a T b , Y T O ~ ~YTO-TO
I
H aO
~OA~~CTB ~ H ~[ IR~H~ Z U ~ HB~ er0
> I < H T ~ AAyX
BAUO O
~ O ]
~ ~ ~ ~ T ~ X C H OHM
C TB M
K O. e M C A y Y Z O H H e A O A X e H no-
3BOAMTb ce6e IIyM 3 T O M B 0 3 p O X A e H M M B ~ V H O
XM~ 3HM
BbIXOAMTb M3 COCTORHMR ~ ~ ~ M X T ~ X H O C TOH
M . AOAX<eH
IlOHMMaTb, YTO 6 ~ a r o ~ a3 p~ ~0 kT M X O ~>I<MBHeHHOCTM
er0 AyX C 2 M BCTynMT B BbICOKyk3 ~ ~ ~ M T ~ X H O C
B T
KO-
~ ,
T O P O ~er0 YMCTWl B p O > l < A e H H m X M 3 H e H H O C T b n p O M C T e -
'4eT W3 HMYTO.
OAMHM3 APCBHMX ~ ~ C C M ~ P T H C~ K
IXZU: "AH~AM
IIOABep>I<eHbI PO>KAeHMH3 M C M e P T M M 3 - 3 1 T O r O , ' I T 0 BAbl-
X W T M BbIAbIXZXOT q e p e 3 HO3APM M P O T ; K O r A a OHM
IlpaKTMYeCKM I l p e K p a r r J W T AbIUIaTb, T O r A a OHM o6pe~a-
6
H~T ecc~ep~~e".
ECAM ~ T ~ ~ K T u K Y ~ ~ IIIOYTM
I I I J M ~I I~e p e C T z T AbIUIaTb, O H
OCyIIIIJeCTBAXeT W C T O X H M e B ~ I C O K O~ ~~ ~~ M X T ~ > K H O C Ec-
TM.
AM AbIXaHMe O C T Z T C X IIOYTM IlOCTORHHbIM, T O r A a 6ec-
C M ~ P T H ~3 aIp ~
OAbIIU 6 y ~ Be T~ ~ Xe~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ X H O C T M ,
K O
K a K r O p a M n p M IIpOAOA>r<eHMM c~0efiIIPaKTMKM YeAOBeK
AOCTMrHeT M U Oa~n,O T O M M 6 0 ~ b ~ 0 f~ i~ ~ M X T ~ X H O C T M ;
BCe XBAeHMX paCTBOpHTCR B HMYTO
K o r ~ aM AyX 3 a M O p a -
XMBaeTCII B 3 T O M COCTOIIHMM A H e M M HOYbKl, R p K a J l
>I<eMYyXMHa 06pa3ye~c.aB T O M HeTPOHyTOM HMYTO.Ec-
AM 3 T a ~ ~ ~ M X T ~ X H HOe C T ~
AOCTMrHYTa, T O P A a HeAb3II CO-
3AaTb 6 e c c ~ e p ~ CeMII.
oe MOM~HT,
K O r A a YeAOBeK BXO-
AMT B 3TY ~ ~ ~ M X T ~ X H O n
Co ~ ,o
T ~ 6 eer0
~ IIPM~AMX~HHH~
K C M e P T M , I I p e ~ I I I e c ~ ~ y ~ r r JBOCKpeCeHMIo,
ek KOTOpOe
IIBAIIeTCII I'AaBHbIM O ~ W K T O M UXUMMM. T a ~ mo6pa-
3 0 M , 39 C M e P T b K 3 C A e A y e T B O C K p e C e H M e , CBII3;LHO C M e T O -
AOM C 0 3 A Z W W X P K O ~X e M Y Y X M H b I .
K o r ~ aCyrrJHOCTHaJl n p M p 0 A a M B e Y H U X M 3 H b CO-
eAMHIIH3TCII B IIOAOCTM X M 3 H e H H O C T M IIOA n y I I K O M n p M
cepAge y q e H u K a , T o r A a ~aneiirum
OTCYTCTBWM n o K o x B
HeOCMOTpMTeAbHOCTb C er0 CTOpOHbI M O X e T npMBeCTM K
n p O B a r \ y IIOIIbITKM Y A e p X a T b MX T a M BMeCTe. A ~ TxO r & a
n O K M H e T 3 T O T lJeHTp M ~ a ~ 6 o A~p ea reO g e H H a Belyb
y T e Y e T HOYbK) n p O q b . TO ~au60heeK P M T M Y ~ C K MMO-
~
MeHT, KOrAa MOXHO A M ~ O
COXPWHTb, A U ~ O
C I Y ~ H TB e~y -
HYK) >KM3Hb.
I / ~ T ~ KY'reHMK
, AOn>KeH 6 b 1 ~ bT B e p A O H X T p O e H CO-
XPaHMTb 3TY ~ ~ ~ M R T ~ > K H ~t060ii
O C T ~ g e ~ o k ,n y T e M
O A H O H a I I p a B A e H H O r O COCpeAOTOYeHMII A y X a H a 3 ~ 0 kno-
AOCTM, VTO B ~ ~ ~ c uc Te ein ie H u B ~ H H
O a TOM 3~ane
Tye14MpOBKM.
O a l l ~M3 APeBHMX ~ ~ C C M ~ P T HCK'd3a.A:
~IX " n e p ~ a s ~
;Ice6 e c n o ~ o k ~ aMbICAb
.s O K y H y A a M e H A U M o p e cTpa&a-
~ t m T; e n e p b i K e nepnm B O ~ H M MK ~ I~C A
~c n~ a~c a e T
M e m , nepe6pacb1na H a Geper o c ~ o 6 0 > 1 q $ e ~ c u rT
, a K KaK
O A H a AMIIIb 6 e c n o ~ o k ~ ; uMbICAb
r n o B e p r a e T B KPYrOBO-
P O T p ~ > I q $ e ~ M kWCM~~T~A".
ECAM I I P ~ K T M K Y I O U J M ~'IYBCTBYeT, YTO er0 TeAO XO-
AOAHOe M O H B b I A b l X X T X O A O A H ~ IB034YX,
~ TO 3 T 0 np0-
TICXOAUT M3-3a H e l l p a ~ M ~ b ~ITPaKTMKH,
0 6 6 e 3 IIpeABapM-
TeAbHbIX y K a 3 a H M f i OIIbITHOrO HXTZlBHMKP. TO OTpMIJa-
TeAbHOe COCTOIIHMe IIOAYYXTCR M3-3a IIpepbIBaHWI
B H y T p e H H e r O X M 3 H e H H O r O AbIXWMR, KOTOPOe I l e p e C T a -
e T n O & A e p X M B a T b AyX, y ~ e p X u B a e ~ b 1B knOAOCTU X M 3 -
HeHHOCTM IIOA IIyIlKOM, YTO O X A W Z T B H ~ T ~ ~ H H
 EECCMEPTHOE AblXAHME 169

orotib B HwKHeM aam m n e M M e u r a e T npocrnAeHMm

C B e T a 3AMKCMpa. BTOO'lpMLJaTeAbHOe COCTORHMe BbI3bI-
BaeTCR T W e eye MHOrMMM APYrMMM n P M Y M H a M M , OA-
H a K O I'A-Ho~ U 3 HMX RBlUIeTCR O X A Z X A e H M e IJeHT'pa
H M X H e r O A W b TRHR.
B @ a 1 3 3 ~ c~axx-10:
3 "A
,M
, M ~ A ~ Y ~ H M3I ~
I 0 r oOVM-
LJaTeAbHOrO COCTORHMR 'lpe6ye~caKOHrJeHTpaIJMR MC-
TMHHOrO O r H I I , K O T O P a R BbInOAHReTCR Y A e p X W M e M Ay-
X a B H M X H e M A a H b T R H e , MCTOYHMKe 3 a P O A b I I U e B O r O AbI-
XWMR nOCPeACTBOM ~ A M ~ K O c~~ OA W K ~ H M RJ P a Y K O B ,
~ ~ 0 6 bC l ~ O K ~ C M ~
MX~ HBa ~nOAOCTM
T ~ XM3HeHHOCTM M
n Y T e M H C n O A b 3 0 B W M R AbIXaHMR T M n a B O ~ A Y X ~ A Y B H ~ I X
MeXOB, Y T O ~ ~ I
IIpUBeCTM B & ~ G C T B U6~b 1 ~ V b 1 kO r O H b . B
p e 3 y A b T a T e OAHOHaLIpaJ3AeHHOrO C O C p e A O T O Y e H M M a C C a
1lCTMHHOrO B H y T p e H H e r O OrHII IlOAHUMeTCR B B e p X , no-
6 y ~ AY
~XO
a B H~ ~ O
I ~r O H b B KOTAe OCBeTMTb BCe T e A O , Ye-
~ b ~ 3pA eeM e H T a K o T o p o r o 6 y ~ Ty~ K~ M M0 6 p a 3 0 ~c y 6 ~ ~ -
MMpOBWbr. TO MCKAWYMT nary6~oeO T p M g a T e A b H O e
COCTOIIHMe M BOCCTWOBMT R P K O C T b 3AMKCMPa B er0 no-
AOCTM n O A I ~ ~ ~ K o M " .
>TO C O B e P U l e H C T B O B W H e C ~ Y H O C T H O n~P M P O A b 1 M
~ e '~
4 0 f >I<M
i 3HM ~ p e 6 e~
y IIOCTORHHOI'O BHHMaHMR M M a -
~ e f i U J at ~i e 6 p e m ~ o c ~MbO X e T 3 a T e M H M T b B H Y T ~ H H M ~ ~
C B e T M BbI3bIBaTb YTeYKy JAMKCMPa, B p e 3 y A b T a T e q e r 0
BCe n p e X H M e YCMAMR OKZXYTCR 6 e c n h o & ~ b l ~
~ ~~. I B W T
T a K M e CO3eprJaTeAM, K O T O p b I e no H ~ ~ ~ ~ X H O C T M
nOAHM-
M W T A Y P H O ~O~r O H b B n e Y e H b M IIO'IKM, B p e 3 y A b T a T e MX
? p e H M e 3aTyMWMBaeTC.R, y HMX BCe ABOMTCR M MCKPMB-
AReTCR I I e p e A TAX3aMM, 3PaYKI.L P;1CIIJMPRIOTCR, a ~ ~ A K M
KPXH&K)T. ECAM ~ P ~ K T M K Y W U J M
XOYeT
~ ~ 3 6 e x a B
~ 0b3 -
HU KHOBeHMR 3 T 0 r 0 A y P H O r O O r H R , K O T O P ~ IM~ O X e T CO-
3 A a T b YTeYlcy " ~ p a r o g e ~ ~B o~ Yk U " HOqbXQ, OH AOAll<eH
3 H a T b , '4TO 3 T a I l O M e X a C 0 3 A X T C R H ~ ~ A O P O B 1lMUJefi
O~~ M
OTpaBAXWuJMM nMTbeM, M3BpaYeHHbIMM MbICARMH M
iKeAaHUXMM, POPXVMMM K y n a H M R M M , K O T O P b I e P a C C e M -
B W T > K a p 3AMKCMPa, M H e y n p Z l B A R e M b I M O r H e M , O n U X -
K3UJMM TeAO. TO B b I 3 b l B X T C R MHOrMMM I l p H ' I M H a M M , H O
 rAaBHbIM 06pa30~XBAXeTCX CAeACTBMeM TOrO, YTO H e
6 b l ~ Mn p M H X T b I M e p b I n p O T M B 3 ~ o y n o ~ p e O6r H~e M
e~~
BO B p e M TPeHMPOBKM. ~ P ~ K T M K Y I O L I J M
T ~a m e MOll<eT
IIOYyBCTBOBaTb Xap B CepAlJe, K O T O ~ M
~ O
I X
~ e T MCCY-
UIMTb er0 > K Z A O ~ M 3XTaBMTb er0 IIMTb M e C T b CAMUI-
KOM MHOrO. eCAM e M y H e YAXTCA IIpeOAOAeTb 3TOT
Ol'OHb, T O r A a " c a M a r l ApiWOlJeHHarl B ~ L I J ~M" O X e T Y T e q h
HOYbIO.
~P~KTMKYIOIIJW
A ~O M e H 3 H a T b , KPK BbIAeYMTb 3TOT
HeAyr. ECAM OH Bb13bIB'XTCA O r H e M B n e Y e H M M nOYKaX,
T O r A a OH AOAXCeH HPaKTMKOBaTb MeTOA, M ~ A O X ~ H H
B~ I ~
FAaBe V AAX MCKAIOYeHMX er0. eCAH OH B 0 3 H M K ' X T H 3 - 3 a
O r H X B CepAlJe MhM O T H ~ ~ A O P O BnHUJM
O~ M nMTbR, T O r A a
OH A O A X e H , C M M B MeAMTalJMM, IlpeACTaBMTb I I e p e A CO-
6oii ~ e p ~ nap
b ~ MAW
k TeMHOe o6~a~
p ao
3MepOM C Ky-
A a K , K O T O p O e OH AOAX<eH c o 6 p . a ~ bK a K y K a 3 a H O B r A a B e
VII. OH AOAXCeH BbInOAHMTb O A H O H a I I P a B A e H H O e COCpe-
A O T O q e H M e , Y T O ~ ~n pI O Y H 0 yAepX<MBaTb T ~ M H 06.1,-
~ I ~
em, B A O X H ~ Tc~~ e x ~~ioi s ~ y Yx T, O ~ ~n eI p e o e c T u ero B
H M X H M ~8~a H b m R H b M M e A A e H H O BblAOXHyTb, q ~ 0 6 b 1M3-
rHaTh B H Y T P ~ H AH YM~~H O r ~O H b , K O T O P ~ IT~O r A a np0-
na+$eT. T o r ~ aOH n o - H X T O X Y e M y IIOYyBCTByeT c e 6 ~XO-
POUIO. H ~ KT~ K O ~ O - ~ M 6 y YCTaHOBAeHHOrO
Ab YMCAs BAO-
XOB M BbIAOXOB, ~ p e 6 y e ~ b ,$A11
r x IIpOABMXeHMX T e M H O r O
I l y e A M e T a B HM3 lKMBOTa, M BbIAOXOB AAX H3rHaHMX AYP-
H O r O O r H R , HO MX H a 0 n p O A O A X a T b A0 TeX n O p , n O K a
A Y ~ H O r ~O H b H e 6 y ~ nOAHOCTbIO
e ~ YHMYTOXeH. ~ O C A ~
3TOrO n p a ~ ~ u ~ y m6y y~ ~i iMMeTb
e ~ OTAMCIHOe CaMOqYB-
CTBMe M ~ C T O ~ ~ ' ~ X
MOBp O
OU~I e e H X T p O e H M e M y Her0 He
6y~e-rnpOMCXOAMTb YTeqKM XM3HeHHOCTM.

Bonpoc: B ~ I'OBOVMAM
I 0 Y e T b I p e X 3 T a n H O M ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T AblXa-
H O M
HIIM, K O T O p O e Il~OM3BOAMTCR H e Y e p e 3 H03APM M P O T , HO
i3AXMMM'ieCKMM C ~ O C O ~ O MECAM
. 3 T 0 T a K , TO l l e p e 3 Ka-
KMe KaHi3AbI O H 0 AOA>I<HO BXOAMTb B TeAO M BblXOAMTb M3
~ero?
O T B ~ TECAM
: n p ~ 0 6 p e ~ e X~M~3 oH eeH H O e AbIX'dHMe M C n O A b 3 y e T -
CH AAH C O ~ A ~ H~M~~ 6 p a gB~ ri) ei H l p e H M X H e r O a a l c b
m R N R , T O r A a B p O X A e H H M >I<M3HeHHOCTb 6 y ~ nOAHM- e ~
MaTbCX, B T O B p e M A K a K n p o 6 p e ~ e ~ A ~b o
I XeaHMe 6 y ~ e ~
O n y C K a T b C H , M H;ID~OPOT. BTOn O n e P e M e H H b I e IIOA'beMbI
M O n y C K a H M H , COBePIlIalOLljMe ' I e T b I p e A B M X e H M X B B e p X
M BHM3 BbI3bIBalOTCH H e AbIXaHMeM Y e p e 3 HO3APM M P O T ,
a n p c l o 6 p e ~ e ~ ~BHJWpeHHMM
b r ~ AbIX'dHMeM, KOTOPOe
HaYMHaeTCW O T n R T O K M C M e P T H O r O 3 a T B O p a y OCHOBa-
HMR n e H M C a . TO I I ~ M O ~ ~ ~ TX M
~ 3HH eHH O
H O~e A b I X a H M e
O I I Y C K X % C ~M IIOAHMMMCb T R H e T B P O X A e H H Y l O >KM3HeH-
HOCTb B B e p X no K W U y YIIpaBAeHMII (ay M O B n03BOHO'I-
H M K ~ ) K M 0 3 I Y M OTTyAa BHH3 Y e p e 3 K a H a 3 a q a T b H
( ~ 3 l c bMO) B nOAOCTb CMePTHOCTM. >TO M e C T b nOA%eM
M CIlyCK B ~ O W ~ H H O>I<H3HeHHOCTM
~ ~ B 3TMX AByX FA=-
HblX K w a A a X .
Y Y e T b I p e ABMXeHMX B ~ O X A ~ H HXOM~3 -
~ O ~ T O M3TM
HeHHOCTM M n p ~ o 6 p e ~ e ~X~Mo3 Hi ei H H O r O H e 3aBMCHT
O T AbIXWMH Y e p e 3 H 0 3 A P M M POT. ECAM n p ~ 0 6 p e ~ e ~ ~
X M 3 H e H H O e A b I X W M e H e IIPOBOAMTCX I I p a B M A b H O n p M
n o A 5 e M e OT n m o K K r o A o B e M n p M n o c A e A y m q e M onyc-
KaHMM K C M e P T H O M y 3aTBOPY, T O r A a r O p a 3 A O Ay'IUIe CO-
BCeM H e I l p a K T M K O B a T b 3 T O T MeTOA. ~ O T O M Y' I T 0 eCAM
npMMeH5llOTCH HO3APM M P O T AAH BAbIXaHMH M BbIAbIXZ
HMH BO3AyXa H e y n p a B A X e M b I M 0 6 p a 3 0 ~I I p M IIpaKTMKO.
BaHMM UXMMMM H a BbICOKOM YPOBHe, T O B p O X A e H H U
>I<M3HeHHOCTb I l p O V B e T 3 H e p r e T M ' I e C K M e I J e H T p b I B C e p A .
LJe, B pe3yAbTaTe YerO ~ P ~ K T M K Y I ~ 6
~ ~y J ~ eb I~B e A e h
H B~
M3 CTpOII. OH 6 y ~ nee T~b M TaHIJeBaTb, KaK 6 e 3 y ~ ~ b r i i ,
6 0 ~ ~ rAynOCTM,
a ~ b A e K A a M U p O B a T b C T p a H H b I e CTMXM, r0-
BOPMTb 0 TYMaHHblX BeLLJaX M XBaCTaTbCX, YTO AOCTMr
B ~ I c U MCTMHbI,
I ~ ~ ~ H e O C 0 3 H a B M T O r O , ' I T 0 BCe 3 T 0 Bb13b1-
BaeTCX C O J H W M e M , BO~~Y>KA;UOLLJM
CMepAIJe (O~HTCA~
onrn) M n e p e M e u j a m y M M AYX ~3 ero M C X O A H O ~n o l z o c -
TM B Y e H T P e M 0 3 T a , C O T P R C M 3 T M M M 0 3 r M H e P B H y l O
CMCTeMy M Bhl3blU;U1 3Hel3reTMYeCKMe H a P y U I e H M I I . B pe-
3yAhT;1Te O l i 6 y ~ nA;1K;1Tb
e ~ HAM CMeRTbCH M '4yBCTBOBaTb
 6e3
n e q a b MAM p w o c ~ b n c ~ ~ oKf iTOMY IIPM~MHLI. TO
nPOMCXOAMT IIOTOMY q T O X M 3 H e H H O C T b B eI'0 C e p A g e
B O ~ ~ Y X A Z TAyX M A e A X T ero H X T O A L K O ~ ~ C ~ O K O ~ ~ H L
' I T 0 O H T e p R e T c n o c o 6 ~ o c ~K b A ~ X O B H OT~p e~H M p O B K e .
Bce 3 T 0 B b I 3 b I B X T C R H e n P a B M A b H b I M I I P M M e H e H M e M BAO-
X a M BbIAOXa q e p e 3 HO3APM M P O T n p M I I p a K T M K e a X M -
MMM H a 3 T O M BbICOKOM YPOBHC. ~ P 3TMX
M O~CTOXT~A~
i luKeH O ~ P ~ T M T ~ C
CTBaX I l p a ~ ~ M K y l o q MAf O K JOI n L I T H b I M
H X T a B H M K a M , KOTOpLIe O~%IICHRT e M y , 'IT0 6 e c c ~ e p ~
H o e A b I X a H M e H a q H H X T C X O T n R T O K M C M e P T H O r O 3aTBO-
pa M H e n p o x o A H T l r e p e s HOBAPM M POT. T I O C An~o A y v e -
HMR Y K X ~ ~ H M
O H~ A, O A X e H I I p a K T M K O B a T b ' i e T b l p e X 3 T a n -
H o e ABMXeHMe 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~AblXaHMX.
oro > ~ MMKpOKOC-
a
MMqeCK;LII T e X H M K a AOIUKHa IIpaKTMKOBaTbCX B ~106oe
B p e M C HMqeM H e ~ a p y u l X ~ 0Hfein p e p b l B H O C T b I O . He-
BepHO, qTO efi HeAL3R H a y ' I M T b APYTMX, HO B e p H O e , q T O
3 T 0 CBR3aS10 C ~ O A L W M MPMCKOM A M A I O n e f i , H e MMelO-
Y M X PYKOBOACTBZ
I4 an p ~ ~ eKpo r,A a ~ o f 6i e c c ~ e p ~ ~ BAOX
b l k Aocmra-
e T n X T O K , O H ~ ~ K T M ~ ~ CCA eKA yMe T H 3 M C X O A H O ~IIOAOC-
~
TM A y X a (743bt WO 3 a ~ e r n 6 p o ~ b eK ~IIpOAOArOBaTOMy
)
M 0 3 I Y , ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ b CBX3X1
l f i C ABYMR 3 H e P r e T M q e C K M M M Ka-
E I U a M M , H a q M H W Y M M M C R OT nRTOK. K o r ~ aR T a K BALI-
X a W , MOX KOHLJCHTPaLjMX T a m e A B M r X T C X OT 3 ~ 0 f IIO-
i
AOCTM K IIpOAOArOBaTOMy M03l)',' BbIT'dAKMBaA BBepX
n p ~ 0 6 p e ~ e ~X M~3oH eeH H O e A b I X W M e O T IIXTOK B n R -
T O q H O M nYTM ( ~ Y HXYM) K OCHOBaHMlo n 0 3 B O H O q H M K a ,
3 a T e M BBepX no nO3B0HOq#HMKy K 33aTLIAKY, I l p e X a e Y e M
AOCTMqb M 0 3 r a (MU 6 ~ M b ) . TO n O K a b I B a e T , '#TO IIRTKM
HBAXIOTCX K O P H e M ~ C C C M C P T H O ~ O
BAOXa.
K o r ~ a~ 0 f ~i ~ C C M ~ P TBblAOX
H ~ I ~B 0~3 B P a q a e T C X OT
npoAonronaToro Mosra K M C X O A H O ~ n~ o A o c T M A y x a 3a
M ~ X ~ P O B ~ ~KM
O T, O p a r l C B X 3 a H a CO C M e P T H L I M 3;LTBOPOM
(y OCHVBaHMR n e ~ k l c a ) , MOR KOHyeHTpaLJMX TaKXe
nepCMeUJXTCX O T III>OAOA~OB;LTOrO M 0 3 M B B e p X K 110-
AOCTM ~y xa, n e p e ~ye ;LII n p M 0 6 p e T e ~ ~ o Xe M ~ H ~ H H O
A b l X a H M e ( K O T O ~ OAOCTMrAO
~ ~ 0 3 r a )n o n y T M TyAOBMUJa
 (~YH
824) K M C X O A H O ~IIOAOCTM
~ AyXa, 3 a T e M BHM3 no Ka-
H a y X 3 H b MO Y e p 3 r O p A 0 M I'pyAb K IIOAOCTM t j 3 X H Zyh!
( C O A H ~ ~ H O MC
Y~ A ~ T ~ H M IM
O )K LJeHl'py H M X H e r O a a H b
W U H R I I p e X A e , q e M AOCTM'Ib CMePTHOrO 3 a T B O p Z TO
n O K a 3 b l B W T , '4TO C M e p T H M IlOAOCTb X B M e T U I K O P H e M
6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ Bobrl Ao o x a
n p M 0 6 p e ~ e ~X
~Mo 3eH e H H O e AbIXaHMe 6 y ~ TaKMM
e~
0 6 p a 3 0 ~IIOAHMMaTbCX M OnyCKaTbCX He3aBMCUMO OT
O ~ ~ I K H O B ~ H H AbIXWUX
O~O s e p e 3 HO3APM MAM P O T M er0
IIOCTOXHHble IIOAWM M OllyCKal-IUe CO B F M e H e M n p M B e -
AYT B ABMXeHMe B p O X A e H H y I O XM3HeHHOCTH, T a K ' I T 0
K O r A a 3 T 0 AblXaHMe n o f i ~ eBBepX,
~ B p O X A e H H M XM3-
HeHHOCTb n 0 f i ~ eBHM3
~ M H;IO~OPOT, 'iTO M X B M e T C X
MaKPOKOCMH'leCKUM @ ~ H K I J H O H M ~ B ~ I - I M ~KOTOpOe
M,
6 y ~ &AMTbCX
e ~ ~ ~ C K O H ~M~ 6e3
~ H OCTMOBOK.
O
M0fi HaCTaBHHK " K o r ~ aB a M CTaI-IeT COBep-
CKa3aA:
U e H H O IIOHXTHO 3 T 0 6ecc~ep~~ oe
AbIXaI-IMe, T O r A a BbI
AOCTMrHeTe 6ecc~ep~".
Bonpoc: B ~ CKa3aAM,
I YTO IIOXOTAUBbIe M I l p O X O p A H B b I e AIOAM
MOrYT IIPaKTMKOBaTb ;MXMMUIO, a BXAbIe AIOAM H e n p M -
rOAHb1 ee npaKTMKM M 'lTO C O B ~ P L I I ~ H H ~I~
qeAOBeK
C B O ~ O A ~O B
HT C H O B M A ~ H M ~ ~ .' l e M 3aKAIOYWTCX MeTOA
' ' Y K A ~ . A ~ I B ~ I - I MTXe A a B n X T b A ~ a ~ K ~O ~TO~
P ~ I~
~ ~' ' ,
MO-
X e T n p e K p a T M T b BCe CHOBMAeHMX, a P a B H O M HOqHbIe
~oMIOLJUM?

OTB~T:
B o m n e ~ e ~ uMeO X e T 6 b 1 ~ bn P e O A O A e H 0 B T e s e H M e LUeCTM
@a3~ A X U M U ~ ~ CC K
Y ~OA~U ~
M ; U J M MKOTOPaSI
, IIPMBOAMT KO
BTX~MB~HMK
noI A o B o r o OpraHa. O~XO~CT
MBO XO
H O npe-
OAOAeTb ~ e r e ~ a p M a H c ~ A
0 fMi ~ T O ~HO
~, ~I~~KTMK~IOILJM
A O M e H BO3AepXMBaTbCX OT nXTM OCTPblX O B O L I J ~(TO
~~
e C T b W C H O K a , T p e X COPTOB A y K a M A y K a I l o p e X ) , KOTO-
p b l e A ~ ~ ~ c T B ~ ~036ym~aroye
IOT U YBeAM'fMBWT B b I p a -
~ O T K Y~ O A O B OXMAKOCTM.
~ HO ~OMIOLJHIO O s e H b l ' p y ~ -
HO npeO+$OAeTb; n03TOMY A p B H H e Awe C0BeTOB;MM Me-
TOA HenpepblBHOl'O CUAeHMX B MeAMTagMM, ' I T O ~ ~MC-
I
KAlollMTb COH. M H P C K MAIOAM
~ B CBOMX CHOBMAeHMX
n p u o 6 p e ~ mMAH
~ T e P 3 a S O T MHOFO ~ e y e k TaKMX
, K'dK
A e H b r M HAM n P e A M e T b 1 , a K O r A a OHM I I p O C b I n N T C I l , TV
0 6 ~ a p y > i < n ~ a h 3 ~lIT0
, BCe 3 T 0 6 b 1 ~ 0H e p e U b H O ; HO Kor+$a
MM CHMTCH C ~ M H M ~ B ~ P I K ~ TO ~ , B c e r A a 6 b 1 n a e ~pe-
H M TO
UbHbIM. T ~ K K a K n O T e p R n o ~ o ~ o>I<M+$KOCTM
k O'leHb
B p e A H a , TO n o ' I e M y OHM H e O ~ P ~ T X T C R
K OlIbITIlbIM H a -
C T m H M K a M 3 8 y K a 3 w M e M , K a K H q 0 COBepUIcHCTBOUaTI>
C y Y H O C T H y I O npM13VAy M Be'IHyIO ~ L l 3 H b ? BCTpe'faA
HeYeCTHblX 'IMHOBHMKOB, KOTOPbIe, o 6 ~ q a nDAaCTbK>,
C O ~ P U M 6 o ~ b m o COCTOXHMe,
e HO OHM H c l r e r o H e CMOrAM
yHecTM c c060ii n o c A e C M e p T M , T ~ '(TO
K cham M ~ O ~ ~ T C T
BO n o ~ o 6 ~ B
b e1y Z l M , KOTOpbIe 'IeAOBeK BMAMT B0 C l l e .
HO n O ' I e M y IlpOMCXOAMT HO'IHari nOAAlOyMIl, A a < e
K O r A a H e T CHOB? K o r ~ a'IeAOBeK ~ O A ~ C T B ero
~ ~ TCO3Ha-
,
H M e IlOMeLyaeTCIl B r A a 3 a X , HO K O r A a OH HO'IblO CnMT,
O H 0 P a 3 M e y a f 3 T C I I BHM3Y XMBOTP. T ~ qKT O K O r A a OH
C n M T , e F 0 AbIXaHMe n p M B 0 A M T B 6 e c n o p 1 l ~ oBCe
~ er0
UleCTb 'IYBCTB M nOAHMMaf3T BOCIlpOM3BOAHlIJyK> CMAy,
K0TOpZ-I n p M 3 T O M yTeKaf3T; OTCIOAa M I'IPOMCXOAMT HOq-
H W nOAAIOIJMIl.
&iIl T o r 0 q ~ 0 6 b 1 n p e A 0 T B p a T M T b 3Ty n O T e p W BOC-
n p 0 ~ 3 n o ~ r r y e kXMAKOCTM, I I P ~ K T W K Y I O U J M ~A O A X e H
H O q b W , ~ Y A Y ' I HB IIOCTeAM, KOCHyTbCH ~ e 6 aKOH'LHKOM
X 3 b l K a M n e p e B e C T H AyX B nOAOCTb H M X H e r O 8 ~ 7ltRH.X
~ 8
cY\Il TOrO, q ~ 0 6 b 1O C B O ~ O A M TC~e p A y e ( o 6 w ~ e ~O b~ H H )01'
BCeX M ~ I C A ~3 a~ T;e M O H AOAXeH BAOXHyTb CB~X<H~,
B H ~ W H MBO3AyX,
~ K O T O ~ ~B ICBOeM
~ X M 3 H e H H O M BMAe
AOCTMraeT H M X H e r O 8 U ~ bW U I K R , rAe OH COeAMHMTCIl C
XCM3HeHHOCTbIO. TO COeAMHeHMe 3 A e M e H T O B BOAbI ( B
H M X H ~qaCTM
~ O ~0O6
X M D O TM~O)r H R ( ~ O A B ~ A ~ H HOT ~-
TeAM O ~ H X )nPOIlBIlTCIl B AerKMX AAMTeAbHbIX AblXaHMIlX,
3aCTaBARIOllJMX AyX OXBaTbIBaTb X M 3 H e H H O C T b M ~ao60-
MI O Y M ~ 6
P O T . ~ P ~ K TK Y y ~ HaCA
e ~ WCAaTbCIl CHOM, KOTO-
pb1k 6 y ~ Kem~a T b C I l , H e ~ ~ A Y ' I TaKOBbIM
H B A~~CTBM-
TeAbHOCTM, O'LeHb KIXTIKMM, M OH npL1HeCeT OTAbIX. K ~ K
>Ice IIpM T a K O M COCTOIlHMM M O X e T CAyqMTbCIl HV11H&7
noAArorjt4X ?
 I / ~ M ~ ~ T ceRy e M ~pyr0fiMeTOA, ~ a 3 b l B a e ~ b l f" ~i 1 3 0 -
P a l l M U a H M e M T e A a B 1lRTh A ~ ~ K O ~T O P L~ ~3aKAkO-
~~~ ~
'IaeTCR R T O M , ' L ~ 0 6 b 1 n O M e C T M T b rOAOBy U y~o611oe
no-
AOlKeHMe, C B e p t l y T b C R M IlOAOXMTb T e A O t 1 a ~ O K ,110~06-
t i 0 C l i e ~ t I y T O M yU K A Y ~ O KCIlRIIJeMY A P a K O l i y MAM C B e p -
I l y T O M y T e A y C O ~ ~ K MC O
, r l I a T b O A H y p y K y M 1IOAOlKMl.b
I I a I I O ~ Y l U K y ,a A p y r y K I I7YKY UbITRklYTb M 110AO>I<MTb H;I
>KMUOT, OAHY H O r y UhlTRHyTh, A p y q K 3 COrHYTb. TO-
ro, K a K c e p A 1 J e llOrl>y3MTCR B COk1, R p a q K M O ~ O M X r A a 3
AOAXklbl 6 b l ~ C
b n e A e l l b l K a K MOIKkIO ~ A M XA p~ y r K A l I y r y
AAR O A W O t I a ~ ~ ~ B A e H t I C
OO~C
O~ A O T O ' L e H U HH a R ~ A M K O ~ ~
IlyCTOTe T a K , '1T06b1 I3 YCAORMHX ~ p a f i ~ eTfMi m M H b l XM3-
HCHHOC klatl;MO mTOMaTM'LCCKM BePHYAOCb 6 b 1 K Cl3(>eMy
MCTOKY ( n 0 ~I I ~ ~ K O M )T. o r ~ AbIXaHMe
a HOI7M;MM3YCl.CH
n C T ~ H C Tc a M o p e r y A M l x , n a T l , c n , M I K M ~ H ~ ~ I EAbrx;u1Me
I O ~
C T a l l e T AOA>KHblM 0 6 p a 3 0 ~yl1p;UlARTbCR. TOT MeTOA
I l P O r O H I I T RCC CHORMAeHMR M H e A X T MCTellb 1 1 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 f i
>KMAKOCTM.
C ~ y v a f i ~ oMec T e u a e H M e 6e3 n p e A o a p u T e n b H o r o MC-
KAiOtieHMR He'lUCTOTO AblXaHMR M ~ 0 3 6 y x ~ a r o y wMblC-
x
~ e f IIYOMCXOAMT
i M3-3a T O W , ' I T 0 K O r A a 'LeAOUeK 3 X b l l l . a -
e T K p e n K M M CHOM, I I O A O X M T e A b H O e A b I X a H M e [ ~ H Y UU]
TeAe 6 y ~ IIOAHOCTblo
e ~ 3aTOnARTbW1 er0 O T ~ M L J ~ T ~ A ~ H
COCT'~AXIOY~~~ , TaK
[MHDYU] 'LTO C n R y ~ f y
i no~o6~~cn
M e p T U O M y 'LeAOBeKy.
TO KIYOMCXOAMT n O T O M y , 'LTO O H H e 3 H a e T K a K yn-
PaBAXTb A b l X a H l I e M .

Bonpoc: B T a K O M C n R U J e M COCTORHMM M O X e T AM I I P a K T M K y l o -
UJMfi TCM H e M e H e e A b l r U a T b M e A A e H H O AlUl TOrO, q ~ 0 6 b 1
w 3 6 e m a ~ bM c T e q e H w r ?
 B p e M I I C H a , TO e C T b H M ' I e r o lit' BMAeTb M H e CAblUlaTb, 3 a -
K P b l T b 1)OT M KOCHYTbCH ~ e 6 KOH'iMKOM
a A3blKa, 0~~060-
AMTb M 0 3 r O T BCeX M ~ I C A IlpMBeCTM
~ ~ , BliM3 BOsAyX, B e -
k IiAOXe M B 0 3 A e p X a T b C H OT A B U X ~ I I H KO-
~ e i c ~ ~ nb pl M ~
HC'JHOCTRMM.
3 a ~ 011
e AOAX<eii
~ CKOIiLJeHTPHPOBaTbCH I i d IlOAOCTld
AyXa ( 3 2 M ~ x ~ ~ v I ~ ~ M
C M
l l a l) l p a I 3 M T b AyX 11llM3 11 110-
AOCTlr XCMDHeHHOCTM ( 1 1 0 ~I ~ Y I I K O M ) ,r A e AyX H X M 3 l i e l i -
IlOCl'h CTaHORHTCH IIC'l>a3AeAl4MblMM, KaK ~e~~L'llllblh
O r O l l l > , I ~ O ~ A C ~ X C M I ~ 1X
3 M
Ile'l
~ IM.~ CO UPCMeHL'M AYX
~ C M A M ~ I ' C IMI I I ~ P K T M K ~ I ~A;ULC(: I ~ ~ Isa6y~e.r
~ o c l i e ; cro
I I ; M : ( I I ~ ~ I I I O C T ~c * I ' ~ I I ~ I .A I I O ~M IIOGYALIT ero ~ A ~ ) I ~ Ior)
I I' O TI,
C'AC; Cl'cl BOCIlpOM3I3o,$XlIJM C H A a C T a H e T ~ O A H O OCllO-
~ ,
6 o m ~ ; we r 0 O T CeKCYMbHblX x e ~ a ~M~3XT;1UAIIII
i i er0
TCAO 6 b l ~ bCMAbHbIM M AerKMM; eI'0 CepAlJe C T a H e T IIHC-
T b l M M AYXOBHbIM; e r O X<M3HelfHOCTb C T a H e T H e n O A A e A b -

Bonpoc: B ~ CI M , Ko~eco3
K ~ ~ ~ A'ITO a ~ o (~6ae c c ~ e p ~ ~
A bol xea -
H M ~ ) npOH3BOAMT C a M O B p a Y e H U e M 'IT0 O H 0 H e 6 y ~ e ~
IlOBOpa'IUBaTbCIl, eCAI4 n p a ~ ~ H ~ y mH ye ~ nOAy'IblT
k
np;ulMAbHblX y ~ a 3 a ~ MO T
k OnbITHOFO tiaCTaBHI.1Ka.
He 0 6 ' b r r c ~ ~A~M e B ~ I ,n o~e~y?
O T ~ ~KTo ~: e c c )3 a K O H a M O > l i e T n ~ M 3 B o A M T bc o 6 c ~ ~ e t i ~ Bps-
b l e
YeHMIl, H O nOCKOAbKY n O A O X M T e A b H M IICM3HeHHOCTb
He MOXeT CaMa n o ce6e IIOKMHyTb CBOIO nOAOCTb IIOA
I l y n K O M , r ~ o 6 b rnOAH5ITbCR M OnYCTHTbCH n0 MMKPOKOC-
MM'IeCKOMY KPYIY, TO O H 0 A O A X H O npMBOAMTbCIl B ABM-
>I<eHMe I I ~ M O ~ ~ ~ T ~ X<M3HeHHbIM
H H ~ I M AbIX;LHMeM, MAY-
Y H M OT nRTOK M CMePTHOrO 3aTBOpa B KWaAbI YnpaBAe-
HMIl M 3a'laTbIl, Y T O ~ ABMraTbCIl
~ I B B e p X K rOAOBe (~e60)
M BHM3 K HM3y XCMBOT;1 ( 3 e M A I l ) . T e x ~ u 3aKnlO'IaeTCA
~a
B IlPllMeHeHMM n p ~ o 6 p e ~ e ~ >KM3HeHHOrO
~oro AblXaHMH
AAH T O r O , ' i ~ 0 6 b l n y M B e C T l 4 B ABMX<eHMe BpOIKAeHHyKI
>I<M3tIt'lfHOCTb T a K , ' 1 ~ 0 6 6 1 KOAeLO 3 a K O H a M O r A O C a M O
l3j>aIll;lTbCR. Korha 60
M t l e ~ ~ I A O AeT, T O r A a O A H m < A b l BO
RIWMH MeAMTaLJMM R n O ' l Y B C T R O R a , 'IT0 ~ Y A T OM Y P a B b M
~ ~ ~ ~ ' I x110
A MRCCMY M O e M y T e A y M HeO>KMAaslHO MOG
1lelll.p H M X t l c r o & L H b m R H R CAeA;MCR H ~ O ~ ~ I I I ropn-
H O
'4MM M M e H R OXBaTI4A;I ~ C ~ A ~ Up Iw~O R
CTh. H e o x ~ ~ a t r ~ o
M O IIclIMC
~ IIOAIiHACH 14 MOR BI?O>KAeHHaA X M 3 H e H H O C T b
s a e ~ 6 1 7 ~ ] w ~ a ns a c, - ~ a u ~ n~no i ni o ~ o n o i ioprm CX~TIB-
cn. r l o c ~ o ~ n
b ~
6 ~y ~ ~ 0 3 l l ~ T e ~tie
b l A1o0n y c T M A ocnd~e-
I I M H ~ Z O C I C. ~ 3
XB~TLIII~IIMH ~ 0 k( n p o x < ~ e t i ~ o i Xi ] M ~ I ~ ~ E I -
IloCl'l4, ,l'O llOCAeAkI>IR 6 b 1 ~ 3
a w C p X 3 H a MOMM nOAOBblM
01>'.2JlOM, K a K ~ Y A T O6 a 1 AAR 1.0r0, ' 1 ~ 0 6 b 1 COeAMIfIITbCR C
IIHM. I la 3 T O M 3TaIIC' iKM3HC'tlHOCTb K a K ~ Y A T O6 b 1 C T P e -
M M A X I , MCTetlb, ti0 U A ~ ~ ~ C T U M T ~ A ~ H O
t iC
e T
YMTeKAa Tor-
A;L IlOAO>KMTeAbHa.X X M 3 H e H H O C T h [fin-YU] OnyCTMAXb
RllllR M I l O R e l > H Y A X b K OcHOB'AHMK> n 0 3 B O H O q H M K a , q T O -
6 h l I l a t l a T b M e A A e H H O nOAHMMaTbCII. OAHOBP~M~
K aH
- HO
H M b I yn}7ZlBAeHMH M 3aqAThR OTKPblAMCb CaMM. A HeMeA-
AetItIO C T a IIpaKTMKOBaTb 6 e c c ~ e p ~ AbIXaslMe
oe qepe3
n y T l 4 1lRTOK M TYAOUMUJ;I, ' I T O ~ ~n IO B e P H Y T b KOAeCV 3a-
K O t I a 11 A O C T M I . H Y T ~ Ip~e~3 y A b T a T 6 b 1 A
~ 0 T o r 0 TaMHCTBeH-
I ~ ~ I M ,
'#TO ero H~RO~MOXHo
On M c a T b .
ECAM HMKaKMX y K X 3 a H M i i Y'laIJJMMCR H e A a H O , T O K a K
>Kt' OH14 MOrYT Ill>aKTMKOBaTb 3 T O ' I e T b I p e X 3 T m H O e 6ec-
CMelYI'llOe AbIXaHMC, K O T O p O e npOM3BOAHTCR H e Y e p 3
H O ~ A ~ XMAM
I POT? B O I I ~ O Cs a u m s a e ~ c nB TOM, YAXTCH
AM MM RCTl7CTMTb O n b I T H O r O H a C T X i H M K a MAM H ~ T ? HO
K T 0 X<e OCMeAMTCR P Z Z r A a C H T b B e A H K O e duo, KOTOPOe
TaK ~ A ~ ~ O K O ?
fl M3y'I;M M n13aKTMKOB;M a X M M M k 0 A 0 73 ACT M T e -
H BM3K~ J0 kK H M r e AAX
n e p b n p M c T y n M A K ~ ~ ~ ~ I C H ~ee
n O A b 3 b l C e p b e 3 H b I X Y e H M K O B , K O T O p b l e P a H O MAM no-
3AHO C M O r y T n O H H T b ee npXiMAbH0.
 K o r ~ aX M ~ H ~ H HAblXaHMe
O ~ B M ~ P M P Y ~MT n e H u c Ha-
XOAMTCII B COCTORHMM 3PeKLJMM, n p a ~ ~ M I C y m I g M iAOA-
i
X e H I I p M X a T b CBOM CpeAHMe nar\bLJbI K IIOAOCTRM Apa-
K O H a U T M r P a ( B IJeHTPaX o6eux A U O H ~ ~M
) IIOAMTb
R3bIK K ~ e 6 y'1~06ar
, 0 6 p a 3 0 n a ~ b MOCT, C B X ~ ~ I B ; U O IC~ H ~
KilSIUOM yIIpaBAeHMR, IIOCMOTpeTb BBepX M BAeBO, BAOX-
H y T b , ~ ~ 0 6 bIIOAHRTb
l XM3HeHHOCTb A0 O~A~CT~
M0 3 r a
(HU 6aHb) U 3 a T e M BbIAOXHyTb, Y T O ~ OnyCTMTb
~ I ee A 0
cMepTHoro aa~nopay OCHOB~HMII n e H u c a . l l o c ~ epxaa
TaKMX nOA'beMOB 1.1 CllyCKOB n o ~ o m 6O p r a H COKPaTMTCR.
T ~ K M06pa30~
M co6~pae~w
~ or c n p o ~ 3 ~ 0 f f r r y aCM-
~
A a M XM3HeHHOCTb. C o 6 p a ~ bX U 3 H e H H O C T b - 3 T 0 3Ha-
'IMT 0 6 e c n e ' l ~ ~ ee
b C B O ~ O A HL ~
JM~ ~ K ~ ~ U I I JaMc ~o ,6 p a ~ b
BOCIIpOU3BOffrrIgyIo CMAy - 3 T 0 3HaYMT A e p X a T b ee B
sanace OwyeHux. l l o ~ q n Ta ~~ K~n, p a K ~ u ~ y m I g ~
0 6 e c n e w ~ce6e & o ~ r y r XMSHL.
o Bocnpu3~0ffrr y m cma
A O M H a 6 b 1 ~ bH a K o n A e H a B n 0 A H O M o6ne~e TOrO,
 METOA COEMPAHMA XM3HEHHOCTM 179

q ~ 0 6 b 1n P H H M M a T b M e p b I IIPOTMB IIOTepM " A P ~ ~ O ~ J ~ H H O ~

oeqw" HOY~H
~ 3~ - 3 aH O Y H O ~~ O M K ~ Y C I C I . Y T O ~ A~OIC T M Y ~
3 T O r 0 , I I ~ ~ K T M K ~ I O L I AOA>KeH
JM~ IIOMeCTMTb AeByKl h a -
AOHb H a n p a B y H 3 , COrHYTb 06a CpeAHMX n a A b g a , s ~ o 6 b r
H U a B a T b H a IIOAOCTH A p X O H a M T H V a B LJeHTPaX A U O -
~ e knOAHRTb
, R3bIK K ~ e 6 yY, T O ~ o~6 Ip a 3 0 n a ~ bMOCT, CO-
~A;LH)UJM
COeAMHeHMe
~ C K a H a A O M YnpaBAeHMFI, 3 a T e M
BAOXHyTb, Y T O ~ ~IIOMeIJJaTb
I yTeYKe H a p y X y no~onok
XMAKOCTM. TO MeTOA YAepXCatfHR B O C ~ ~ O M ~ B O A R U J ~ ~
CHAbI H XH3HeHHOCTM. B rAaBe 1X paCCKa3aHO KaK
TPaHCMYTMPOBaTb B O C n p O M 3 B O P J I ~ Y K l C U y H X M 3 H e H -
H O C T ~B 6 e c c ~ e p ~ c~eome , HO AO T o r o , K ~ Kn o c h e A H e e
C 0 3 p e e T ) O H 0 CTPeMMTCII B M ~ P M P O B ~HOYbIO
T~ M YTeKaTb
CaMOItpOH3BOAbHO H a p y > K y Axe n p H OTCYTCTBMM COOT-
H.a 3 T O M 3 T a n e
e kc ~ o n w ~ e a n k
BeTCTBylOUJMX ~ b r c ~ H
n p X ~ H K y H 3 4 ~A k
O A X e H 6 b 1 ~ bO W H b O C T O P O X H b I M . HO
KaK me ~ Ob Y H ~ I Xn o ~ f o y u k ?
eMy ~ 3 6 e x a H
OH A O A X e H CAeAOBaTb M e T O A y , M3AOXeHHOMY B
TOG r A a B e AAR n p e A o T n p a y e H u r r n o T e p u " ~ p a r o g e ~ -
~ o i Bi ~ U J M ) BO
) c H e . ECAM y H e r o yme P a H b I I I e npu co6n-
P a H M U B Q C ~ ~ O M ~ B O A RCMAbI
U J ~ ~BO3HMKAM n P e B P a T H b 1 e
MbICAU cll\H CX3KCy;MbHbIe X e A a t i W l n p H B H A e n p M B A e K a -
CTT6B eO3
TeAbHbIX X e H y H H HAM ~ ~ C ~ O K O ~ ~ O ~pa5c~~e~-
HbIX P a 3 r O B O P O B ) TOl'Aa IIOAHIlTHe IIOAOBOrO O p r a H a y K a -
B ~ I B ~H a~ TO,
T YTO HOYLK) OH n 0 T e p r l e - r "~paroge~qm
Beyb" AZXe I I p H OTCYTCTBMM COOTBeTCTByKlUJMX MbIC-
nek BO B p e m C H a 6 y ~ OeY e~H b ~ P M C K O P ~ H OeCAH
, OH
He 6 y ~ IeI p a~K T U K O B a T b p a ~ ~ ~ a T p M B a e ~3AeCb
b 1 k MeTOA
n p e K p a y e H m H O Y H O ~~ O M K ~ ~ M MOAUH
. u 3 MOMX y y e -
HHKOB B 70 AeT I I p H I I l e A KO M H e , BCXAMnbIBaJI, M C K a 3 W :
"B ~ o e t in p a K T n K e R n p e o A o A e A nce T ~ ~ A H O C T MHO
,
n p o I I l h 0 k HOYbKl M H e H e YAaAOCb OCTaHOBMTb YTeYKy
n O A O X H T e R b H O r 0 HaYar\a; H a p M T e M e H R , K a K I I p e A O T -
B p a T M T b IIOBTOpeHMe ~ T O ~ O ?A" C K a 3 U e M y : "ECAM BbI
H a Y H e T e T p e H H p O B K y C ITepBbIX 3 T a n O B ( r ~ a B aI ) , Y T O ~ ~ I
M C n p a B c l T b 3 T y I I O T e p K l , BbI I I p e y C n e e T e CO B p e M e H e M ,
HO eCAM BbI H e H'AYHeTe CHOBa BCe C C a M O r O H a q W a , Bbl
B e p H e T e C b A O M O ~ , q ~ 0 6 b 1 X A a T b CMePTM, IlOTOMy ' I T 0
Apyroro cnoco6a H e T . K o r ~ a ~ a s Baa M y~a3w~11 R
oprw
r o B o p u A , TO ecm ~ O A O B O ~ -rpeneyeT, B ~ AOIUK-
I
H ~ O
I c T e p e r a T b c x n o T e p u n o A o m u T e A b H o r o H a q u a HO-
qbH) M R n p O C U A BaC IlpaICTMKOBaTb A e c r r ~ b r k3 T a n ( 0 n M -
~ ~ 3 T O M I ' A ~ B ~A
c Z ~ H H ~ I B ) M C O ~ H P ~ M XM3HeHHOCTM.
II
euu B ~ n
I pe~e6per~ u
MOMM yKa3wcieM u T e n e p b noTe-
PRAM IIOAOXMTeAbHOe H a q u o , TO M O X e T e H e H R T b H a e-
651 c a ~ o r o " .OHc ~ a 3 u "Mok
: oprw
no~o~o k 6 b 1 noA-
~
HXT M T p e I I e T u B T O T A e H b M r! H a M e p e B a C X n p a K T M K 0 -
B a T b B W e p O M ~ e c X ~ b 3TW,
l k HO ~ Y A Y Y U
BeCb A e H b 3 W T
pa6o~okno A o M y , B e s a 6 b 1 ~H O q b m , 3TMM 0 6 ' b ~ c ~ e
cx MOR 6e~a".A c ~ a 3 a ": B w y x e 70 AeT, a B ~ nI p e H e -
6perae~e c ~ o e k C ~ ~ H O C T H O
n p U p 0 ~ 0 kU ~ e q ~ X
o Mk3 H b I 0 ,
B b I n O A M X AOMaLUHmK) pa60l'Y.
C 3 T O r O M O M e H T a BbI AOIUKHbI
npMAeXH0 IlpaKTMKOBaTbCX
A ~ a n q o ey ~ p on K W ~ I ~n e q e p
C YMOM C O B e P I U e H H O C ~ O K O ~
H ~ I MM ~ ~ ~ ~ I B L B-,
U U CMB X ~ ~ H -
Hoe c ?~~ 3a-
A O M ~ U H ~pa6o~ok.
;tff T e M O A H O H a n p a B A e H H O COCpe-
AOTOqbTe 06a rAa3a H a JJeHlpe
HCUKHerO a a ~ b
ntRK8 M AbILUMTe
T a K ~ A Y ~ O K O' I, T O ~ ~BI a w e AbI-
X m M e AOCTMraAO 3 T O r 0 LJeHT-
pa ECAU 861 6 y ~ e A~e eA a T b 3T0
CTO AH&, T O r A a B a I I l H C U K H M ~8aHb ??lSHbC A e A X T C R r0-
PXVMM, B a W M r A a 3 a 6 y A y ~MCnyCKaTb CBeT M BbI YCAbI-
wMTe TO-TO B p A e ne-rpa, Aymyero B oawu ymu; Ta-
K H M C I I O C O ~ O M BbI BOCCTaHOBMTe CBOe I l O A O X H T e A b H O e
H a q u o , KOTOpOe ~ ~ I A
p XOe X H 0 . e A~ o M b I 6y-
3 a ~ BbI
A e T e n p a K T M K 0 B a T b KpyrOBOe ABMmeHMe no MMKPOKOC-
MMqeCKOMY KpYIY n y T e M B p a y e H M X KOAeCa 3 a K O H a AAR
T O r O , '1~06b1 MCnpaBMTb yyep6, A€%%= 3 T 0 IKllrKO, q ~ 0 6 b 1
w 3 6 e x a ~ bH a n p R x e H M r r .ECAM BbI 6 y ~ e T~a eK l p e H M p 0 -
 METOA COb14PAHMII XI43HEHHOCTM 181

BaTbCR, BbI 6e3 COMHeHMR C03AwMTe 6 e c c ~ e p ~ C~ eome,

KOTOpOe OAHaKO A0 C O 3 p e B a H M R CTPeMMTCX IIOAHRTb M
6 e 3 npeAoapuTeAbHoro npeAynpexAeHwr T~RCTH ne-
HMC.
K a x < c \ a ~ f i B e ' I e p n e P A T e M , K a K A e r l b B IIOCTeAb, PZN-
c ~ a 6 b D
~ ae m e c e p A r J e [ y ~ ]M n o c m M T e B MeAMTagMM.
C ~ a ' I a r \ a O n p e A e A M T e IIOAOCTb A p a K O H a , COrHJIB C ~ ~ A H M ~
naney ~ e ~ oPYKM,
ii M TaM, rAe OH K o c H e T c R aenofi AWO-
HM, n O M e I y a e T C R 3 T a IIOAOCTb, O ' I e H b X M B a X , M O H a CBR-
3 a H a C C e p A y e M M HM30M XMBOTa KaHaAOM (ap~ep~efi),
npoxoAxyMM sepe3 Aenyro KHCT~. 3 a ~ oen p~e A e n M T e
nOAOCTb T M I p a , C O r H y B C ~ ~ A HIIveIJ
M ~ IIpanOfi PyKM, M
TaM, rAe O H KOCHeTCR n p a B 0 f i A&HH M 6 y ~ HaXO-
e ~
AMTbCX 3 T a IIOAOCTb, K O T O P a X C O e A M H e H a C C e p A r J e M M
HM3OM X H B O T a K a H a A O M (B~HoG), npOXObprrJMM l I e p e 3
npanym KMCT~. T e n e p b noAox<uTe npanyro A ~ O H a~
A e n y m , n p M x M M a x KOH'IMK npasoro cpeAaero nanbga K
IIOAOCTM A p a K O H a ( H a l z e ~ o f iAMOHM) M KOH'IMK C P A -
H e r o n a n b y a K no.iocTM T M r p a ( ~ npanoii
a AWOHM), 3a-
MbIKaX T a K M M C I I O C O ~ O M06e IIOAOCTM. BTXHWT~n O A 0 -
BOG O p r a H , s a ~ p o i i ~P OeT , I l p M X M M T e KOHUMK R 3 b I K a K
~ e 6 y BAOXHMTe
, 'Iepe3 H 0 3 A P M , IIOAHMMaX r A a 3 a C A e B a
B B e p X , 3 a T e M BbIAOXHMTe, OIIyCKaX r A a 3 a BHM3. TO XB-
AReTCR B p a y e H M e M rAX3 AAR I I e P e M e U J e H M R IKM3HCHHO-
r0 AblXaHMR B W p X M BHM3 B HOSAPRX. ~ O C B
AP a~L I J e H M
r A a 3 B B e p X M BH113 A e B R T b pa3 C A ~ A ~ G~ eT6~o a b r u y w
n a y 3 y M K a K M P a H b I l l e BTXI1MTe n 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 Of pi r W . HOBTO-
PMTe 3 T 0 ynp;uKHCHMe B T O ~ O ~T,P ~ ? T M G M ' I e ~ B e p T b l f i
pa, ' I T o ~BbInOAHMTb
~I 36 B p a y e H M f i Ma3 AAR 3 a K p b l -
TMR KaHar\a B O C ~ P ~ M ~ B O A XM
U JX~ M
~ ~~ H ~ H H CMA
O ~ ~B
CMepTHOM 3aTBOpe y OCHOBasIMR I I e H M C a ~ O C A
I l p ~e A -
OTBpayeHMR TaKMM C~OCO~OM
HO'IHbIX IIoAAH~IJM~.
~ P ~ K T M K YA~B W
~ K
T e~H M e no MMKPOKOCMM1leCKOMY K p y -
q ,'1~06ar BOCIIOAHMTb BCe H e A o C T a r o y e e . K o r ~ aB o c -
IIpOPr3BOARUJaX M X M 3 H e H H a . 8 CMAbI IIOAHOCTbIO BOCCTa-
HOBRTCR, B P X A e H H a X X M 3 H e H H O C T h 6 y ~ CeT P~e M H T b C R
~ G T M' I e p e 3 a H y C , 3 X T a n A R R BZN 'IaCTO B b I I l y C K a T b B e T e y .
ECAM 3 T 0 npOMCXOAMT O T I"d3a B X e A y A K e M KMUIKaX,
BO3HMK2UOIIJerO O T eAb1 M n H T b R , T O r A a er0 XOpOIHO BbI-
n y C K a T b Y e p e 3 W C , H O CCAM 3 T 0 BPOX&2HHaJI X M 3 H e H -
H O C T ~ ,T o r A a q p e 3 n a r ~ G ~B o ~ OC T ~ H O B M Tee.
H O ~
B @ a gal03 CKa3aHO: " ~ ~ T K H MIIOAOCTM
T ~ ApaKOHa
M T M r P a ( B AMOHIIX, K a K y K a 3 a H O BbIIIIe), IIOAHMMMTC
R361K K ~ e 6 y '1~0661
, COeAMtIMTb K i l l l a b 1 y n p a B A e H H X M
3 a Y a T b I I , C O X M M T e a H y C M CMOTPHTC B B e p X M BHM3, qTO-
6a1 n e p e M e y a T b X M ~ H ~ H IA b
~ I xOa H
~cie noepx M B H M ~no
HOCOBOMY XOAy C e M b pa3. TO Y n P a X H e H M e yAep>I<MT M
p 2 C I l p O C T p a H H T B p O > K A e H H y W X H 3 H e H H O C T b 80 BCe '4X-
TM T e A a A M TOTO, ' 4 ~ 0 6 6 1 Y K p e I I M T b e r O M T a K M M o6pa-
3 0 M I l P e K P a T M T C X T e H A e H g M R K BbIIIYCKaHMtO B e T p a " .
ECAM Bbl MCIIblTblBaeTe H ~ Y A O ~ C T BM3-3a
O ~eo6xo~
MOCTM XOAMTb B T y a A e T sage, YeM 3TO AeAXTCII o 6 a 1 ~ -
HO, h CCAM O H HCCKOAbKO y A a r \ e H OT B a I I I e f i KOMHaTbI,
Tor@ AyqIIIMM C ~ O C O ~ O M
HBAlleTCII 3 a T K H Y T b IlOAOCTM
A p a K O H a M T M r p a B A W O H X X , KOCHYTbCX KOHYHKOM 11361-
Ka ~ e 6 a C, X a T b M y C , I l e p e B O A M T b B 3 r M A B B e p X M BHM3,
~ ~ 0 6 IIePeMeIIJaTb
6 1 X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXaHMe B HOCy, C X a T b
IlpOXOAbI, ~ b 1 6 p a c a r ~ a t o qMOYy
~ e M 3 K C K p e M e H T b I M Bb1
O C B O ~ O A M T C COT
~ 3TOrO ~ey~o6c~na.
B b ~ r u en p M n e A e H H a R M e p a C A ~ X H T Mm npeAoTnpa-
Y e H M X YTeYKM XM3HCHHOCTM, 6e3 K O T O P O ~ AyXOBHOe
~
C e M H e CMOXeT pa3BMBaTbCX. ECAM AyXOBHOe C e M
M M e C T HeAOCTaTKM, T O K a K Xe BbI C M O X e T C n O r a C M T b
OI'OHL, K O r A a ero HWO 6 y ~ ye6 p~a ~ b ?ECAM O r O H b HeAb-
3H 6 y ~ OCTaHOBMTb
e ~ H a 3TOM 3 T a I I e , T O r A a HeBO3MOX-
H O 6 y ~ nep O~p B X r b C H q e p e 3 6 0 n b ~ u o i i 3 a T B O p (MCXOA-
~ 0 f ITOAOCTM
i AYXa B JJeHTPt? ~ 0 3 r a ) .ECAM 3 T O T I I P O p b I B
H e 6 y ~ OCyLIJeCTBAeH,
e ~ T o r A a H e B 0 3 M O X H O 6 y ~ OCTa-e ~
HOBMTb Y T e q K y XM3HCHHOCTM M AOCTMYb COKPaIlJeHMX
IlOAOBOrO O p r a H a ; a n p M 3TMX YCAOBMIIX K a K Xe C M O X e T
pa3BMBaTbCX 6 e c c ~ e p ~ C~e o MHe ? be3 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ce- oro
M e H M K a K Xe p a 3 O B b e T C X 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ b3 la pf oi A b l I l I ? 6 e 3
6ecc~ep~~o 3 arp o
O A b I I U a K a K Xe C M O X e T e BbI ITOKM-
H Y T ~T e A o q e p e s H e 6 e c ~ b 1 f is a ~ u o p
(o~nepc~ 5 p~a ex ~ b 1
H a M ~ K ~ I ~ I K' l ~ 0)6,b 1 CAeAaTbCR H ~ ~ ~ C H6 e
~ cI cM~ e p ~ -
H b I M ( ~ W E HW
~H~)?
MOMHaCTaBHMKM ARO x 3 ~ Mb K ~ rOBOPMAM:
H
" M C T M H H O ~&O 0 3 H a ' l z T AMLUb AYX M XM3HeHHOCTb.
C O B ~ ~ I I I ~ H C T B O B ~ XCM3HeHHOCTM
HM~ OTPMIJaTeAbHO, a
A y X a - nOAOXMTeAbH0. ECAM OHM o6a, OTpMIJaTeAbHOe
M IIOAOXMTeAbHOe, COeAl4HIIH3TCR BOeAMHO, T O r A a B 0 3 -
b 1 kK O T O P ~ I M
H M K a e T n o ~ o m M ~ e ~ b ~AyX, ~ O X e T IIPORB-
ARTbCR B T ~ A ~ C H$ 0Op M
~ e, B M A M M O ~A M A p y r M X , B T O
B p e M R K a K 0 T p M I J a ~ e ~ b ~ bAyX
l k H e M O X e T M M e T b 3PM-
MOrO I ~ P O R B A ~ H C L I I ~ .
A e c R ~ b3 T a n O B , K O T O p b I e ~ ~ I AO M
nMCaHbI A0 CMX
n O p , COCTORT B COeAMHeHMM A y X a M X M 3 H e H H O C T M AAR
CO3AaHMR ~ ~ C C M ~ P T H CeMeHM.
O~O ~ O ~ T O M eCAM
Y, BPOX-
A e H H M XcM3HeHHOCTb Y T e K a e T IIPOlrb HO'lbH), T O K a K >Ke
CMO>I<eT 6 b 1 ~ bCOBAal-IO 6ecc~ep~~ o e ECAM llOAO-
CeM5I?
BOG 0Pral-I H e llOAHRT, T O X M 3 H e H H O C T b H e YTe'leT H a p y -
>Icy, HO eCAM O H CaMOnPOM3BOAbHO B O ~ ~ Y > I Q ~ & - T CM
I I CO-
~ p o r a e ~ c xT ,o r A a H O Y H ~ A IIOMIOLJMR n p o ~ 3 o k ~BOe ~
CHe. ~ O ~ T OnepeA M ~ T e M , K a K 3aCHYTb, BbI A O A X H b I 3a-
TKHYTb IIOAOCTM A p a K O H a M T M V a B A W O H R X M C A e A a T b
ynpa>lcHeHCLII, K O T O p b I e R Pa3'bRCHMA.
H a ~ o n ~ e n~ ouc en p o ~ 3 ~ 0 ~ ~ 1M
y eXAH ~ H ~ H
C H
U O ~
B ~ p e 6 y e ~KOAM'leCTBe
o~ aBTOMaTM'leCKM I I p M B e A e T K
TaKOMY COCTORHMIO, K O r A a O r O H b 6 0 ~ b m eH e H y X e H M
A O A X e H 6 b 1 ~ bOCTaHOBAeH ( ~ Y T ~IIpeKparrJeHCLII
M yn-
PaBAeHMR ~ b h w ~ Ps\X
e ~ T O) r O , ' 4 ~ 0 6 6 1 C 0 3 A a T b M a K p O -
K O C M M ' ~ ~ C K M~~A X M M M ~ ~ C 3KA M
e M~e H T AAX IlpOpbIBa.
K o r ~ aBb1 AOCTMI'HeTe 3 ~ 0 r oCOCTORHMR, TOrAa npaKTMKa
TeXHMKM MMKPOKOCMM'leCKOrO K P y r a ( B ~ ~ U J ~ H K
MoR~e-
C a S ~ K O H ~yxe
) He 6 y ~ 6eo n~b r u e HyXHa.
A p e n ~ u eT a m e YIIOMUHaAM YTe'lKy HOAOXMTeAb-
HOG >KM3HeHHOCTM, B ~ I ~ ~ I B~ ~e yM~ a
O ' l~eCkO C T W O B -
~ 0 f Oi r H H Ps\R CO~MPZIHMHMaKPOKOCMMYeCKOrO aAXRMM-
'leCKOrO 3 A e M e H T a , HO B B a U l e M C A y Y a e B a I I l ~ O A O B OO ~p -
r a H nOAHRACR M C O A P O r a e T C R n O A A ~ ~ C T B HA~y M
pHOrO
O r H X (CTPXTM), BbI3bIBaeMOI'O HeAOCTaTKOM >KMJHeH-
HOCTM I4 1 ~ a 6 0 c ~ b waAXMMMYeCKOI'0 3 A e M e H T a ; CCAM Bbl
He co6epe~c6 o ~ b r u eX<M3HCHHOCTM M H e 3 a K P O e T e Ka-
H ~ Apa3px~~cr
n o ~ o ~ o >KHAKOCTM,
ii B ~ IH e c M o m e T e
IIpeAOTBpaTHTb YTeqKy H a p y X y nOAOXMTeAbHOr0 Haqa-
~a".
y%3uJMficH A O A X e H I I P O A y M a T b BCe 3 T 0 . K o r ~ aBOC-
npOM3BO@YaJI C U a n O A H a M 3AHKCMP CO3PeA, T O r A a
~ O A O B O GO P r a H H e 6 y ~ COTpflCaTbCH
e ~ M A p o X a T b , a BTH-
HeTCX BHYTPb. ECACIO r O H b H e OCTaHOBAeH, K O r A a OH yXe
6 0 a b m e H e H Y X e H , 3 T 0 T O X e BbI3bIBaeT HO'IHbIe IIOMIO-
IJMM. ~ T M
A B a pa3ACI'lHble C O C T O H H ~AOAXHbI 6 b 1 ~ bOT-
'IeTAMBO nOH5ITbI nPaKTMKYIOUJMMM. B~ILU~M~AOX~
~ X
MeTOA C O ~ M ~ ~ H ~MoH c n p o ~ 3 ~ o M ~ yMe ~
k H ~ CMA
H H
l l p e A H a 3 H a q e H +$NIJeAM
l CO3AaHMfl 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ CoerMoe -
HM. K o r ~ aco6pa~oAOCTaTOYHO 6y-
3TMX CWA, T O r A a H e
AeT HO'IHO ~~
IIOAAIOLJMH M He 6 y ~ YTe'LKM
e ~ XM3HeHHOC-
TM q e p e 3 a H y C , KOTOPYIO HeAb3H CMeLUWBaTb C B b l n y C K a -
HMeM B e l p a ECAH Xe, H ~ O ~ O X~MT3 H,e H H O C T b YTepH-
Ha, T O r A a n p a r < ~ M ~ y l o U J C I i iA O A X e H 3aTICHyTb IJCHTPbI
A p a K O H a M T M r P a B AaAOHRX, K a K PXe OnMCblBaAOCb,
IIOAFIIiTb H3bIK K ~ e 6 y' ,I ~ 0 6 b l CBH3aTb er0 C KaH;MOM yn-
p a n ~ e i e r ~ ~n xe ,p e M e y a T b BAOXM M B ~ I A O X UX U ~ H ~ H H O ~
A l l AaHMH, BpauJaJl rAZ3ah.zM, v ~ 0 6 b 1 IIPOTOAKHYTb 3KM3-
H e H H O C T b BBepX no n 0 3 0 0 H O ' I H H K Y H BHM3 no n e p e ~ ~ e i
CTOpoHe T e A a TO YIIPa3KHeHMe, npOAeAaHHOe CeMb
lla3, O T B e A e T XCI3HeHHOCTb O T V C a M P X n p o C l p a H M T
ee no BCeM q a C T H M T e A a , q ~ 0 6 b 1YKPeIIMTb MX. ECAM 003-
1 i M K X T ' i a C T a H ~ O ~ X O A M M O CBT 0~ 6 ~ e r q O
e P~r W~ M~3 -
Ma, T O r A a ~ P ~ K T M K Y I O U J M
AO~AXeH C X a T b W Y C M n0-
AOlKAaTb n P M M e P H O IlOAAHR, npe>Kpte q e M MATH B TY;MeT
AAH T O r O , q T 0 6 b i Y A e P X a T b X H 3 H e H H O C T b O T YTeqKM,
T a K q ~ 0 6 b 1 O H a B e p H y A X b K CBOeMy MCTOYHMKY nOA
nynKoM M 9 ~ 0 M6o r~A o 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~ b6ce~c c~ep~~ oe
ce-
MH. TO M e C T b MeTOA C O ~ H P ~ M BR ~ O X A ~ H H X
OM~ 3~-
HeHHOCTH AAH B03BPaUJeHMH ee B IIOAOCTb nOb, I I y n K O M
O ~ ~ ~ ~ O B 6~e H
c cM~He p ~ ~coe M
r oe H H .
Mofi ~ T a p l r r M f i6 p a ~' l ~ a oKYM-MCKa3aA:
 METOA CO6MPAHMII XM3HEHHCVJTI/1 185

" H a c n a ~ a x c bBKYCOM BeCHbI,

O c ~ e p e r a i i ~ e cobn a c ~ o c ~ e i i Tena
Ha nyTM s a n ~ p a nonoc~eii
~~a ApaKoHa M TMrpa
A0 TeX nop, n o K a ~ ~ C C M ~ ~CeMR T H O ~
I-Ie npopsercn repes 6 o ~ b r u o i i6 a p b e p " .

Bonpoc: c A y 1 I l a n B a w e 0 6 . ~ x c ~ e 1 3 r 1A
e ecrrTIl 3 ~ a n o n( m a ~ b lo~ I
,lo X), HO M L n o ~ o ~ oo phr a H Y n e n I l q M B a e T c x 15 COAPO-
~

r a e T c x , I l e n 3 1 1 l ? a Ira n p o n e A e l w o e MHOIO 6 ~ 0 ~ ~ p o o a -
O ~ ~ ny-
~ ~; ~K M ~ H ~ H H CMAbI
H l 4 e y T e t l K M B ( > c ~ I ? o L ~ ~ B o , $ x u JM
TeM B p a u j e ~ ~r Axa 3 . ' I T O ~ ~n eI p e M e y a T b BAOXM M B ~ I A O -
Xll '4eTbI]7bMH 3 T a I l a M M I10 AeBXTb pa3 K-btfi M MHe He
gA2ClCX I I ] > e , ~ ( l T B p a T M T b IIOYHYIO IIOAAIOYMIO. B YeM
I I : Y . I . ~ I ~ noir
H~ IteyAaqM T
( ~ T B ~ T 6: H e w H M h 3 A e M e H T , C O ~ P ~ H HBaMM,
~ I ~ SBAXeTCII H C H a -
CTOIIYMM, CO3AaHHbIM HeXOPOLLIMMM MMCAIIMM. O T C I O A ~
H O Y H a n0AAIOtJMS. TOT M A A H ) ~ O P H ~3IA~e~M e H T SBIUleT-
CR I I O A O B O ~XMAKOCTbIO,
~ K0TOPa.X C O A e P X M T 3AOBpeA-
14blfi O r O H b , K O T O P ~ I06pa3ye~cx,
~~ KOrAa OH IIOAHMMXT-
CX n O A A ~ ~ ~ C T B >MI ~
< M ~ H ~ H HCMAbl.
O~
O p~ r ~a H YBeAMYMBXTCX M COApOl'aeTCX,
~ O A O B O KOr-
Aa B O C n p O M 3 B O A X ~ a J lM iKM3HeHHa.X CMAM BM~PMPYIOT,
 3 3
4TaBARR 3TOT 3 ~ 0 B ~ e ~ ~ b

A O r O H b OIIaAHTb XMYKM M YBeAM-

VMBaTb ~ O A O B O K~ W
~ U , Y T O ~ ~ I
3%
GU
IIOAOXMTeAbHOe HaYar\O [XH]
xi
3.H
YTeKaAO n p O Y b . Bb1 H e n p a B M A b H O
IIPMMeHMAM IIOAOBytO XMAKOCTb,
K O T O P U H e M O X e T 6 b 1 ~ bT P W C -
MYTMP0B;UIO B ~ ~ C C M ~ ~Ce-
T H O
MX, IIOCKOAbKy OHa COACPXHT
$11 3 ~ 0 f iO m H b ( c T P ~ c T M ) M H e MO-
, ,
X e T 6 b l ~ bn p M M e H e H a AAn co-
B
A 3AaHMX
3AeMeHTZ
MaKPOKOCMM'leCKOrO
Cm0e 6 o ~ b r u o e ,H a
q T O Bbl M O X e T e PaCC'lMTbIBaTb - 3 T 0 yA!f'4UIeHMe 3AO-
P O B b R I l y T e M YHM'4TOXCHMX BCeX 6 o ~ e 3 ~ e f in . p a ~ M ~ b -
H h l f i M e T O A 3aKAtOYaeTCX B MCnOAb30BWMM B P O X A ~ H H O ~ ~
>I<M3HeHHOCTM, KOTOpaJi H e CO3AaeTCR 3AbIMM MbICAXMM
M KOT0pa.X O A H a M O i K e T 6 b 1 ~ bnpeo6pa3onma B 6ec-
C M e P T H O C C e M , '1~0661 IIPOPBaTbCX Y e p e 3 6 0 ~ b I L l O f i Ga-
p b e p (MAM 3 a ~ ~ Bo ucxoanoti
p nonocmu dyxa).
Bonpoc: B ~ YqMAM
I H X n P M X a T h C p e A H M e IIaAbIJbI K nOAOCTXM
A p a K O H a M T M l p a H a AWOHXX, IIOAHRTb KOHYMK R 3 h l K a K
~ e 6 y BbIIlOAHMTb
, O A H O H a n p a L M e H H O e COCpeAOTO'leHMe,
CX
Y T O ~ ~ I a T b n 0 ~ O B O f i O p r a H , BAOXllyTb M BblAOXHyTb
qepe3 HO3ApM, BPaIIJaTb r A a 3 a M M B B e p X M BHM3, ~ ~ 0 6 b r
3 a K p b I T b IIPOXOA, Y e p e 3 ~ 0 ~ 0 p b l fBib I T e K a e T BOCIIPOM3-
BOAXUJXH CMAa, HO X H e A y M a M , ~ ~ 0 6 b3TM
r L J e H V b I Aa-
~ O H e f iM BAOXM M BhIAOXM 6611211 C B X 3 W b 1 C 3TMM K a H a -
AOM I4 R H e IlOHMM;1!0, KaK t'TO M O X H O 3 a K P h I T b AAR TO-
r O , Y T O ~ L I IIpeAOTBpaTM'I'b HO'IHYIO IIOAAtOLJMIO. f - l e M O r -
0 o ~ e eno~po6eo?
b 6
A M 6 b 1 B ~ 0I 6 ' b m c ~ ~ 3~ ~

OTB~T:
K a ~ a n h ~IIOCTaBAXIOIIjMe
, K p O B b M X M 3 H e H H Y I O CMAY K
genTpaM ~ W o ~ e ft iia q, w t i a m - r c n OT cepaga. K W ~ A ~no-
I,
CTaI3AXtOuJMe iICM3HeHHOCTb K ~ e B 0 f iP y K e , H X i b I B W T C H
apTepMefi, l 4 M e ~ y e ~ O fAip a K O H O M . B p o x ~ e t 3 ~ aXnM 3 -
H ~ H H O C T ~~, ~ y OT
y mc e p A g a , r i p o x o ~ ws ~
epe3 KMCTI. M
 nOABOAMT K p B b K I J e H T P y A ~ B A
O W~O H M , ~ o ~ o p a XB-
16
AAeTCX IIOAOCTblo A p a K O H a K w a A , ~ e c y r r J M f i KpOBb M
X H 3 H e H H O C T b OT npaLZOr0 X e A y A O Y K a CepAIJa, XBluIeTCX
~ e ~ o i~i o, ~ o pc om
eAuHeHa c K ~ ~ XOu y eM
K M co cAep-
X M B W L I J M M H e p B O M ; LJeHTp llpZlB06 P y K M H i U b I B Z T C X
~ O A O C T w~r p~a .
K o r ~ anOA0CTM A p a K O H a U T M r p a C X a T b I CPeAHMMM
IlaAbrJaMM, 06a K;ZHaAa K CepArJy M HM3y X M B O T a 3 a K P b I -
Tbl M HX npOXOA Y e p 3 KMCTM n e p e K P b I T . C e p A L J e XBAX-
eTCX MeCTOM n p e 6 b l ~ w ~ 1 C1 Y U J H O C T H O ~ n p M p O A b I , KO-
T O p U n p O J l B N i e T C X Y e p e 3 r A a 3 a , B TO B p e M K a K HM3
XMBOTO XBhReTCR MeCTOM n p e 6 a r ~ m mX M B H H , KOTO-
pm npoRoNieTcX q e p e s nono~ofioprw.
B oaruek I I p a K T U K e COKpauJeHMX U BblTXrMBaHMX
noAoBoro oprwa, K o r A a nbr B A b l X a e T e q e p e 3 HOC, BLI
@ P K T M Y ~ C K Mn O A H M M z T e X M 3 H e H H O e A b l X a H U e n y T e M
B p a y e H M I l r A a 3 BBepX C H 1 9 K H e r O A e B O M . n O A O X e H M X H
K O r A a BbI B b I A b I X X T e , BbI O n y C K a e T e X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXa-
npanoro no-
H u e , n o n o p a y u s m r A ; u a BHMJ OT B e p x H e r o
AOXeHMX. B ~ AOAXHbI
I npeACTaDMTb ce6e, YTO nOCKOAb-
~y c e p A r J e c ~ n 3 w oc O ~ O M M Mr ~ a 3 a TO ~ ~y n, p a x H e H u e
B Y e T b r p e 3 T a n a c AeBJlTblo 0 6 0 p o ~ a ~
B u~ I H ~ X Am~ ~~ 3T -
HeHHOCTb B CepALJe Y A e p X M B a T b X M 3 H e H H O C T b B IIOAOC-
TM T M v a , K O r A a Bbl CMOTPMTe BBepX, B p a y a R r A Z a M M ,
M 3ZlCTaDluIeT 3 a K P b I T b ~ O A O B O
n p~o X O A , K O r A a BbI CMOT-
P M T e BBepX, Y T O ~ n~0 A
I HXTb XM3HeHHOe AbIXWMe. ECAM
3 T 0 TPK, TO K a K Xe C M O X e T Y ~ T MH a p y X y n O A O X M T e A b -
Hoe H ~ Y ~ A O ?

Bonpoc: K o r ~ acepaye ~ 0 3 6 y n q e ~u ono6yx~ae.rn e H u c ~ ~ e s a n -

HO 3 p e r M P O B a T b , nPOMCXOAMT AM 3 T 0 M 3 - 3 a TOI'O, YTO OC-
H O B W M e ITOAOBOrO O p T a H a yBe.2MYMBaeTCX M COApOI'aeT-
cn ?
H ~ TIIOTOMy
OTB~T: , YTO OCHOBaHMe IIOAOBOrO 0pr;ZHa YBeAMYM-
B x T C X M ~ ~ 6 p ~BpCOCTOnHMM
y e ~ 6 e 3 ~ y ~ uM1 16 e c c 0 3 ~ a -
TeAbHOCTU; 3 T 0 Bb13blBaeTCX X U 3 H e H H O C T b l o B MOUIOH-
K e , K O T O P M B O ~ ~ Y X A X TXMYKM M P a C U l M P X e T IIpOXOA,
 l l e p e 3 ~ 0 ~ 0 p b l Bf bi I T e K Z T H a p y X y IIOAOBaH XMAKOCTb.
ECAM Bb1 H e n p a K T M K y e T e A ~ c R T ~3 TI a~l l~, 0 n M c W ~ b l f B
i
3~0firAa.Be, ~ 0 ~ 0 p b l fCOCTOMT
i M3 C X U M W M R nOAOBOrO
3 a T B O p a , BbI H e nOlryBCTByeTe H O q H y W llOMIOLJMIO, KO-
TOpasI 6 y ~ ~ep O~A O A X a T b c R ,CBOAR H a H e T B e AOCTMr-
H y T b I e npemne ycnexu, TO n p o u c x o A u T u 3 - 3 a ~ a w e i i
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O T HYTO O CKTa CMZ T. W l 3peKLJHU n e H M c a npu OT-
CYTCTBMU AYPHbIX ~ b l c ~ e f TO
i , 3 T O Bbl3bIBZTCR IIpoRBAe-
HMeM IIOAOXMTeAbHOrO H a q u a B X U ~ H ~ H Hq ~X I 33b2
~ ~
(OT 23 VaCOB A 0 1 l l a C a HOYM), K O r A a BbI A O M H b I BOC-
nOAb3OBaTbcR MM, q ~ 0 6 b 1 IIPaKTMKOBaTb ABe 4 a 3 b 1 IIOA'b-
e M a M OllYCKWMR no MMKPOKOCMMqeCKOMY KPYlY +$AX
TOrO, q ~ 0 6 b 1c o 6 p a ~ b
~ A X M M M ~ ~ C T, KaK ~ ~ I A O
3 AKe M e~H ~
0 6 w i c ~ e ~pmee.
o
~ O ~ T OBbIM H~e AOAXHbI C M e U M B a T b YBeAMlleHHe M
B M ~ P ~ L J MOCHOBWMR
W IIOAOBOI'O O p r a k i a C 3 p e ~ L J M e f ine-
HMCa, IlOTOMy ' I T 0 OHM H e MMeWT M e m y co6oii HMqerO
o6ryero.
Bonpoc: Bbl C K a 3 a M , l r T 0 u x w ~ q e c ~ u3 Ake M e H T HeAb3R CO-
6 p a ~ b eCAM
, OCHOBWMe IIOAOBOrO Opr'dl-Ia H e YBeAUqeHO
M H e C0TpRCaeTC.X B X ~ 3 ~ e ~ ~YaC
b lIJ3bI.
f i A AyM;UO, lITO
n O C A e A H e e IlpOMCXOAMT TOrAa, K O r A a XCM3HeHHOCTb ~ 1 . 1 6 -
P M p y e T B H M X H e M A W b T R H e IIOA n y n K O M M qTO eCAM ee
H e n O B e p H y T b Ha3&4, TO l T p 0 ~ 3 0 f i ~HeO~q H O e MCTelreHMe
~ O A O X M T ~ A ~ XM3HeHHOCTM
H O ~ [%-Z~U] . no~uyfic~a,
H a y q M T e , K a K HMO n o c T y n a T b B TOM u y q a e ?

B
OTB~T: MeAMTaLjMM, K O r A a BbI AOCTM r H e T e BbICUeI'O IIOKOR,
Ball.l B H Y T P ~ H H MM~ e~X W M 3 M BAPYr B H e 3 m H O YBeAMqMT-
CR M C T W e T COAPOraTbCR n P M OTCYTCTBMM CKBePHblX
M ~ I C A ~K O
~ T, O p b I e p a 3 X M ~ W TC l p a C T M B CepALJe. TO
Bbl3bIBZTC.R ~ ~ 6 p a g ~XM3HeHHOCTM
efi B IJeHTpe H M -
H e r o AWE. TRHX noA nynKoM, npowcxocyrryeii, H e c M o l p x
H a OTCYTCTBMe ~ b l c ~ e f i . ECAM n p a ~ ~ ~ ~ y Hme pac-
y~fi
n 0 3 H a e T 3TY B M ~ P ~ L J MXMBHeHHOCTM,
W OH H e AOCTMPHeT
Husero. K o r ~ 3aT O n p o M 3 0 f i ~ e OH
~ , AOAXeH 6 y ~ nep a~K -
TMKOBaTb AeCRTb 3 T a n O B ( r ~ a . B b 1 1-X), ~ ~ 0 6 n
b 01B e p -
 METOA CO6MPAHMA XM3HEHHOCTM 189

HYTb XM3HeHHOCTb H a 3 W A M IIMTaHMR ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T H O

ceMeHu. Ero nepexoa OT MMPCKO~O COCTORHMR c caK-
P M b H O M y CAeAXTCR BO3MOXHbIM IIpM IIpaBUAbHOM MC-
IIOAb30BaHMM 3 T O r 0 COTPRCeHMR XM3HeHHOCTM, KOTO-
p O e n p M IIOAOBblX CHOUleHMIIX n O p O X A a e T IIOTOMCTBO.
Bce B e Y M B M M p e T a K X e BOCnpOM3BOffRTcJr 'Iepe3 3 T y
~ ~ 6 p a g u lXo M ~ H ~ HCMAbI.H O I~I P~~ K T M K Y ~ ~ U JMXM-
M~~
MMIO T a m e nOAb3YeTCR el0 AAR C03AaHMR 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ o r o
c e M e H u . MOM H X T ~ B H M K M ~OBOPUAM: " 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ e
HeAb3R BCKOPMMTb MAM AOCTM'Ib, eCAM C e K C y a A b H a X M 3 -
HeHHOCTb H e ~ ~ 6 p u p yHO
e ~ HeBe)KAbI
. H e 3 H W T MeTO-
Aa M C ~ O A b 3 0 B ~ MX
R M~H~HHOCTM".

e ' I m e A R W M M 3Ty B M ~ P ~ L J M I M
Apen~My O 6e3 AOAPMX P ~ ~ A Y M M ~
HeMeAAeHHO Ha'IMHMM IIpaKTMKOBaTb +$Be @ 3 b l IIOA'b-
e M a M OnYCKaHMR, KaK 6 b 1 ~ 0M3AOXeHO BblUle; BAbIXa-
HMeM M BbIAbIXilliMeM OHM IIOBOpa'4MBaAM XM3HeHHOCTb
BCIIRTb, ' I T o ~C~
0 3IA a T b M BbIPaCTMTb 6 e c c ~ e p ~ cem.
oe
TO MeTOA IIpeAOTBpaUJeHPlX H O V H O ~IIOMIOLJMM
~ &AX
n p o A A e H u x XMBHM. Bce TO H e w e e T H M ' I e r o 06yero c
CeKCy aAbHblMM XeAaHMRMM. OAH~K O
eCAM BbI AOIIyCTM-
T e B O 3 p X T a H M e B O W e A e H M R IIpM U p a K T M K e aAXMMMM,
B ~ cI A e A a e T e u p e 3 ~ b r ' I a i i ~coe p b e 3 ~ y mO U I M ~ K YM R H e
n p H M y B X B PeHMKM. K o r ~ aXCM3HeHHOCTb B M ~ P M P Y ~ T ,
TOl'Aa, eCAM ~ P ~ K T M K Y ~ ~AOnyCTMT
U J M ~ ~ M3-3a HeAOCTaT-
K a CaMOYB;UKeHMR, B03HMKHOBeHMe CeKCyaAbHOrO X e A a -
HMII, OH 3 T H M IIPOCTO ~ ~ M ~ A MKOHelJ
~ M T CBO& XM3HM.

Bonpoc: A BMAeA MHOrO CTapMKOB M ~ O A ~ ~ H ~ HI OH~ o

~ l Il l X
efi,
n p e X A e B p e M e H H 0 YMepUlMX M3-3a OTCYTCTBMII CaMOyBa-
XeHMII. H ~ AM
T M e T o A a ~ 3 6 e m a ~n bo ~ o 6 ~ onpewe-
k
B ~ M ~ H H
CMOe p~ M~ ?

OTB~T:
K o r ~ an o ~ o ~ oOipir a H YBeAM'IUBXTCII H C O A P O r X T C R , H e -
KOTOpbIe CTaPMKM A0IIYCK;UOT B03HMKHOBeHMe CeKCy-
M b H O r O XeAilliMII M OCy UJeCTBAeHMe CeKCyiMbH bIX CBR-
3ek. ECAM OHM ~ ~ ~ O A ~ B W T IIOrOAbI MAM He3AOPO-
M3-3a
BOG IlMUJM B MX T e A e H e OKa3blBaeTCII HM'ferO, ' I ~ 0 6 b 1
n 0 A A e p X a T b MX I l ~ a l o y M f AyX
i M XM3HeHHOCTb M OCTa-
HOBMTb YTe'iKY n O p 0 I ~ ~ ~ 1 l J eXMAKOCTM.
f i R 3 T O M 3;1-
mm.raeTcx n p u w H a MX n p e m ~ e n p e ~ e ~C~Mo~ P6T M .
E;OA~UIMHCTBO m ~ o ~ l e A
f i~ M ~ I O T TO
, OHM MOAOALI M
CMAbkIbI, M ' I T 0 C M e P T b eye Aar\eKO. O H M AaIOT CBOMM
BOCI~~OM~BOARM
I J JX~M
~ ~~ H ~ H H C
OH~A~W Y T e K a T b H a p y -
xy, n o K a o H a H e HCTOYMTCR M MX 3 ~ 0 p o ~ bHee HWAO-
MMTCR; K a K Xe OHM CMOrYT M 3 6 e ~ a T bI I P e l K A e B p e M e H -
HOG CM~PTM?
C T ~ P M KKOTOPbIe
M, A O, A X H b1 BOCnOAb3OBaTb-
C A ~ ~ M
CH I I O A X M O M XM3HeHHOCTM, q ~ 0 6 b 1H e M e A A e H H O H a q a T b
A ~ ~ ~ C T B O BA~ rTn ~e , H e AOXiMAa5lCb H 3 T H a f M X AYPHblX
OHMA O A X H b l CKOHYeHTpMPOBaTbCH H a C M e p T -
~ b l c ~ e f i .
HOM 3 a T B O p e (y OCHOBWl4R n e ~ M c a ) M BAblXaTb, ' i ~ 0 6 b 1
IIOAkfRTb X M 3 I l e H H y l O C U y , H a X O f f r l y y l O C H T a M , H m e p X
K IIOAOCTM H M X H e T O 8 a H b m R H X , KOTOp- HaXOAMTCH H a
1,3 A W ~ H
MM~X e I l y n K a , H e M H O r O IIOAOXAaTb, npewe
' I e M COCpeAOTO'iMTbCR H a I J e H T p e g 3 1 H ZYH (HAM COAHe'I-
M 3) a, T e M BblAOXHYTb, ' I T O ~ B
HOM C ~ ~ A ~ T ~ H M M I
OnYCTMTb
X M 3 H e H H y l O C W y , HaXOflUJylOCX T a M , B nOAOCTb H W K -
Her0 a a ~ m1W.
b O T T ~nOAOXMTeAbHa5l
A~ XM3HeHHOCTb
P X l l p O C T P a H M T C R no BCeM ' I X T X M T e A a , y H M 9 T O X M BCe
C e K C y a A b H b l e X e A W M R . >TO y I I p a X H e H M f 2 H q O IIOBTO-
P X T ~AO T ~ Xnop, n o K a n o ~ o n o i ioprm H e COXM~TCX.
ECAM OHM ~ Y A Y TT a K TPeHMPOBaTbCIl, TO p X 3 B e y HMX n0-
XBMTCX I K e A a H M e IIOAOBblX C H O U I ~ H M ~ ?
lIOME,@HME BAMKCMPA EECCMEPTMII K KOTAY

Ip~anxeMuyxuna oc6ayaem m3z.

Aenan 3a aeBnmb odopomo6 AUKC CUP.
T o n ~ ~ ooz a aezo r a m yna8em 6 &om,
Yeao6e~peaatuyem cocmonwe 6ecc~epmmz0,
Xu6ylyezo na 3 e u e .
HMeM B ~ ~ X A ~ H XM3HeHHOCTM
H O ~ H A y X a OHM C O . B P M e -
) hy). ~ O C A ~ A H Xnpo-
H e M n p o M 3 B e A y T a ~ 6 p o 3 (~u ~n b X
T e K m B P O T , CTWOBMTCII XMAKOCTbK) ( C A W H O ~ ) , KOTO-
pm, 6 y ~ y q nn p o r A o Y e H a , C 0 3 A a e T B X M B O T e " ~ B Y K M " .
B T a~~ 6 p o 3 ~CO3AaeT
11 M BblpaLyMBaeT 6 e c c ~ e p ~ e- ~oe
M H B H u x H e M aanb m ~rAe, OHO c u f i e T , o c B e y m
cepAge. C B ~OT~ H ~ ~ Y X M B 0X 6T p a m ~ a ~ u ~ e
~ C C M ~ ~ T H
TO CeMeHM, KOl'Aa BUIKOe A b I X W M e Ka>KeTCX n p e K p a T M B -
rUHMCR M nyAbCb1 nepeCTaLiIIIUMM ~ H T ~ C I I TO
. COCTOR-
H u e A o c m r a e T u r r n a B H b r ~o 6 p a m ~
Gaaro~apan p e a e a b -
HOMY n o K o H 3 , K O T O P M ~ C ~ O C O ~ C T BC~O~~TA ~ H M K6ec-
)
c M e p T H o r 0 CeMeHM. B c ~ a p h u u ~ a n6~e ec c ~ e p ~eCTb
m
HM YTO MHOe, KaK AyX M XM3HeHHOCTb.
AYXBeAeT K P a A M 3 a L J M M C Y Y H O C T H O ~ nPMPOAb1, a
XM3HeHHOCTb - B ~ Y H OXM3HM.
~ AYX BO3HMKaeT M3
C Y ~ A L I M ~ L J MXM3HeHHOCTM,
M a X H 3 H e H H O C T b OT O Y H y e -
HUII y e k q ~ 0 6 b 1 CAeAaTbCx 6ec-
~ o c n p o ~ 3 ~ 0 ~ 5 iCMAbl.
CMepTHbIM, ~ p a k ~ B ae H O C ~ ~ A M M M P O B BOCIIPOM3-
~T~
BOARUJylo CMAy, a K O r A a O Y M Y e H H a R XM3HeHHOCTb 6y-
AeT ~ O A H O O
~ H, a npORBMT ce6x. ECAM XM3HeHHOCTb MC-
nOAb3yeTCSI +$UB b I p a y M B a H M H B O C ~ ~ ~ M ~ B O &CMAbl,
X U J ~ ~
TO n o c A e AHR, KOrAa 6 y ~ ~e O~A H O W
~ ,3 A X T 6ecc~epr-
Hoe cem. Bce AmCCKMe TeKCTbI, HeCMOTpR H a pa3~006-
p a 3 M e y l r e ~ w k ,H e rOBOPHT HM 0 ' l e M , K p O M e CYYHOCT-
HOG .nPMPOAbl M B ~ Y H O
XM3HM.
~ 0 6 c y x ~ e ~ YWO-HM-
ue
6 y ~ nOMMM0
b 3TOrO IIPMBOAMT K PaCCYXAeHUIIM, KOTO-
pare a a n y ~ b ~ ~H
a et con e~A y y e r o Y e A o n e K a . B~M
I oxeTe
p X C y X A a T b CaMbIM pa3AMYHblM 06pa30~,HO ecAM Bar
H e 3 H a e T e CeKpeTOB npeo6pa30~a1-1~~ BOCnpOM3BOffrr-
yek CMAbI B XM3HeHHOCTb [ZjU] , XM3HeHHOCTM B AYX
[ ~ 3 ~MbB 0]3 B P a y e H M H AYXa B E A M K y l o nyCTOTy, TO Bbl
6 y ~ e ~BCerO
e AMWb Y T B e p X A a T b HeAenOCTM. ECAM Bb1
X e A a e T e A O C T U V ~ ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ TBbl
M HAOAXHbI
, H a Y a T b CO-
BeprUeHCTBOBaTb CYUJHOCTHYlo I'tPMpOAy M BeYHylo
X M 3 H b , YTO HeCOMHeHHO n p M B e A e T BaC K AOCTMXeHUK)
gem.
 TOT ~ y x ,,peanwsag~~K o T o p o r o y v a T n e p s b I e
I -Vl), X B M e T C X MCTMHHblM CBe-
UeCTb 3TanOB ( r ~ a B b 1
TOM C Y ~ H O C T H O IIPMPOAbI
~ n P H COBePLUeHCTBOBaHUM
K a K I I p H p O & b I , T a K M XM3HM; 3 T O T C B e T e C T b AyX. YTO
K a C Z T C X C B e T a XMBHeHHOCTM, T O Pe;MM3aIJMM er0 y.iaT
CAeAylorrJMe LUeCTb 3 T a n O B ( P ~ a B b 1VII --XII), 3 T 0 CBeT
o i i ~ o 3 1 . 1 ~ ~ a mnpu
~ e ~ ~XMBHM, y ~ ci oi B e p r u e H c m o n a -
HUM K a K I l p U p O A b I , T a K M XM3HM. TOT CBeT XBA5leTCX
L I J ~ ~ ~E
X M 3 H e H H O C T b l o B B O C ~ P O M ~ B O A X Y ICMAe. AHH~HM~
A y X a M XM3HeHHOCTM C 0 3 & Z T 6 e c c ~ e p ~ Co eeM , npo-
X B A e H H e M KOTOpOrO X B M e T C X 6 e ~ b 1 i i C B e T B C e p A g e ,
BCnblUIKM C B e T a B FOAOBe, PyAeHMe A p a K O H a M P b I K a H b e
T M V a B yLUa~'. ECAM C B e T ~ M ~ P O ~ M
HMe IIOAOH M H e
R P O K , TO 3 T 0 IIPOMCXOAHT O T OTCYTCTBWI PYKOBOACTBa
npOCBeLIJeHHbIX H X T a B H M K O B . B 3TOM C A p a e B H y T P e H -
HUG OPOHb A O A X e H 6 b 1 ~ bco6pa~M n O & H X T co3&a-
HMX AYXOBHOI'O OPHX, K O T O P ~ I6~ y ~ M3A)NaTb
e ~ ~OAOTO~
CBeT, M T O P A a C B e T ~ M ~ P O ~6
MyM ~ IIOAHbIM
e ~ M XPKMM.
HO BbI H e AOAXHbI c 0 6 u p a ~ bM llOAHMMaTb Ol'OHb CAMUI-
KOM AOAPO H a 3 T O M 3 T a n e , n O T O M y ' I T 0 3 T 0 M O X e T Bbl-
3BaTb rOAOBOKpyXeHMe. ECAM 6 e c c ~ e p ~ oC ee M noA-
HOCTblo Pa3BMAOCb, T O r A a IIORBMTCA ~ O A O T OCBeT;
~ ~ eCAH
Hf2T - TOPAa ~ V H ~ + $ O ~ M T CCAeAYWrrJa.8
X TPeHUpoBKa:
K m b r k A e H b , C U M B MeAMTaLJMM, I I p a K ~ ~ ~ y l o r r J M k
A O A X e H COeAMHMTb 06a 3 p a Y K a , TO e C T b CBeCTM UX ny-
T e M CKaLUMBaHMX &M K O H g e H ' I p a g M M M I l e p e M e I l J e H W I
A y X a M XM3HeHEiOCTM B H M > K H H ~ aaHb m R H b &AX T O r O ,
Y T O ~ CO3&aTb
~ I M BbIpaCTMTb 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ceM.
~oe Kor~a
3 T 0 CeMH C03&aHO, ~ P ~ K T M K ~ M YyBCTByeT,
Y C ~ ~ KaK Bep-
X y U I K a e P 0 rOAOBb1 ~ Y A T O6 a 1 nOAHRAaCb; r y A e H M e A p a K O -
H a M pb1~a1-1~ mrpa c T a n e T C A ~ I L U H ~ IBMero yurax, ero
. TeAO B O C n a p M T H a 06aa~ax;OH. BO3HeCeTCX B n p O C l p M -
CTBO M 0ceWae.r B e T e p c ~ ~ B C T B O 6Me c n p e ~ e ~ b ~ 6o ~ r oa -
3KeHCTBa 3 a ~ BO3HMKHeT
e ~ 0 4 y r r J e H M e , ' I T 0 er0 AMrJO
K a K ~ Y A T On O K p b I B X T C X ~ ~ Y T H HUAU O ~me ~ ero UJeKOWjT
CTaM M y p a B b e B OT ~ 6 Aa0 H O W B O r O M O C T a [nepe~ocu-
LJM] , rAa3HbIX B n a M H , Y e K , W A I O C T ~ 3 ~ ~~, 6 M 0 P~T a , BbI-
3 b l B U H e n p e p b l B H O e BbIAeAeHMe CAIOHbI, K O T O P y W HeAb-
3X IlPOrAOTMTb OAHMM I'AOTKOM. T e n e p b O H H e 3 a x o . r e T
O T K P b I B a T b P O T MAM ABMraTbWI, Bna+$U TaKMM 06pa30~
B W C T O I I H M e K ; ~ K O ~ ~ - TCMYTHOCTM,
O B K O T O P ~ ~K a e T C I I ,
' I T 0 HM'lerO H e C y Y e C T B y e T , M Arne HeAb3X OUJyTMTb
C O ~ C T B ~ H HTeAO;
O~ er0 AbIXaHMe I I O K r n e T C X OCTMOBMB-
rUMMWI M er0 nyAbC - n e p e c T a B r u M M ~ U T ~ C I I) .K M~H~
HOCTb IlOAHOCTbIO P a 3 0 B b e T C X M B b l p X - T e T 6ecc~ep~~
C e M . ~ O ~ T O MCKa3;LHO:
Y " ~ O A H O TXM3HeHHOCTM
~ 3a-
cTaBhlleT n p a ~ ~ ~ ~ y t o 3~a g6 ber r~ obo eAen.ECAM OH 6y-
A e T I l p O A O A X a T b e C T b H a 3 T O M 3 T a t I e , TO H a q a A O OCTa-
HeTCX O ' I p M y a T e A b H b I M , a nOAOXMTeAbHOe HaqaAO H e
6 y ~ eM C~T W H H ~ I M , OHO 6 y ~ e~ 0~ 3 6 y m ~ aa n~n be T M T .
B pe3yAbTaTe M3-3a HeAOCTaTKa XW3HeHHOCTM 6ec-
C M e p T H O e CeMR H e C M O X e T 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~ b c ~ .
~ P ~ K T M K Y I O A
~ OMA ~X e~H 'IpeHMPOBaTbCX A0 TeX
n O p , n o K a O H H e AOCTMrHeT TMUIMHbI M 6 ~ e c CBOerO
~a
A y X a , K O T O ~ ~ 6I ~y ~~ , y nOAHbIM,
q ~ 3 X T a D M T e r O 3 a 6 b 1 ~ b0
CHe. ECAM er0 X M 3 H e H H O C T b nOAHOCTbl0 pa3BMAaCb M
n O 3 B O l u r e T e M y O ~ X O A U T ~ C6He 3 eAb1, T o r @ OH AOCTMra-
e T 3 T a n a ~ O C T O R H H OTMLUMHbl
~~ M 6 ~ e c ~nap M
, KOTOPOM
Ab1X;LHMe Ka>KeTCX IIpeKpaTMBrUMMCX, a I l A O ~ H b l f i3 0 A 0 -
TOG CBeT n O K a 3 b l B X T C X , KOI'Aa BCe P a 3 A M q W I I I e p e C T W T
B03HIdKaTb. TO IIpeAuIeCTByeT AOCTMXeHMIO COBep-
A O C T M X ~ 3HTM
I I I ~ H H o~ ~~ ~ ~ K I I T ~ X H O C T M . Or~
0 3HaMeHy-
eTCX AYHHbIM CBeTOM, n O K a 3 b I B ~ I L j M M C XBO A ~ Y ,KOTO-
pb16 H a B C e r A a OCTaHeTCX TaM, eCAM ~P~KTMK~IQIIJM~
T B e p A O P e m M A Y A e p X M B a T b COCpeAOTOqeHMe H a MCXOA-
HOG IIOAOCTM AyXa 3a M ~ X ~ P O B ~ ~B M3 ,T 0 BpeMR
BCnbIIJ.IKM IIOKa3bIBZUOTCII MeXAy ~POBRMM. 06a 3TM
IIpORBAeHMR CBMAeTeAbCTByIO 0 IIOAHOM POCTe 6ec-
CMePTHOrO CeMeHM.
~ O C 3TOPO
A ~ ~ ~ P ~ K T M K Y I O YAOlUKeH
M~~ OCTeperaTbC5l
YTeqKM XH3HeHHOCTM, ' I T O ~ ~COXpaHMTb
I ee B T e A e ANl
B3pauJUBaHMII M Pa3BMTMX 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ CeMeHM.
oro
BO BpeMA er0 POCTa ~ P ~ K T M K Y I ~ Y
AOH A~X~e H B03-
AepXMBaTbCII OT CAeAyIOIZJMX M3AMUIeCTB:
1. ' I p e s ~ e p ~ oxioi~ b 6 b 1 ,K O T O P ~ R H ~ ~ A ~ ~ O ~ ~ M I I T H O
803-
A ~ ~ C T B YH~a TH e p B b I ;
2. Y p e 3 ~ e p ~ o CTOIIHMII,
ro n A o x o B i l u a I o y e r o H a KOCTM;
3. C U A ~ H M I I ,nAOX0 BAMXIOuJerO H a KpOBb;
4. C H ~nAOX0
, B A M R I O y e r O H a KpOBeHOCHbIe COCyAbI;
5. C A ~ U I ~ HnAOXO M I I , B A H I I I O y e r O H a BOCllPOM3BOMIIJYIO
CMAy;
6. P ~ ~ ~ A H An p~e wI eBT o~n ,~ nRA o x o BAmroyero Ha
AYx;
7. IJa3ro~opo~, n A o x o B A M I I I O ~ M X H a AbIXaHMe;
8. P ~ ~ M ~ I U I A ~nhoxo H U ~ B, A M I I I Q ~ M XH a X e A y A O K ;
9. C e ~ c y i M b ~ b ly x~ o ~ o n b c ~ ~ IIAOXO
u i i , BAMRIOYMX Ha
>KM3Hb;
10. E A ~ I ,n A o x o ~ ~ u x r o y eHi ai cepage.
Kopose r o B o p n , OH A o A x e H ~ 3 6 e r a ~B bc e x M3AM-
LUeCTB, KOTOPbIe 6e3 MCKAIO'IeHMII O ' l e H b BPeAHbI. BO
B p e M H CMAeHMX B MeAMTagMM ~ ~ P ~ K T U K ~ I O HMKOrAa
I~JM~
H e AOAXeH:
1. ~ O ~ B O A XB03HMKaTb
T ~ MbICAIIM, KOTOPbIe I I P H B O M T K
BCIIblXMBaHMm B H y V H H e r O O r H S .
2. O c ~ a 6 ~ xCBOIO
~ b KOHgeHTpaIJMIO, s ~ 0 6 b 1~ 3 6 e m a ~ b
CHMXeHMII B H y V H H e r O 0rI-M.
3. P ~ ~ ~ A R A B~HIe WB H~MTe n~p e A M e T b 1 , IIOTOMY l r T 0 T a M
~ b ~ y xH
6 y ~ 6e ~ ~y x q a ero , ~ H O C I Iyyep6 p a 3 y ~ ~ ~b y1 -~
UIaM (xYH~).
4. ~ ~ M c A ~ U I U B ~ TK~ C
I ~I OI C T O ~ O H ~ M3 M
B y K a M , IIOTOMy
' I T 0 3 T 0 P a C C e M B a e T B O C I I p O M 3 B O ~ y yCMAy
~ M TaKMM
0 6 p a 3 0 ~H ~ H O C M Ty yep6 X < M B O T H ~ I M~ y m (no).
a ~
5. ~ ~ I C AbIUIaTb,
T ~ O IlOTOMy lrT0 T a K O e A b I X W M e ~ ~ I C T ~ O
6. Hapyrue~wiP M T M a AbIXaHMII, IIOTOMY 'IT0 ero pe3KMe
er0 n p M B O ~ O ~ H O B A ~ H HHM CCAH
OCTaHOBKH O C A ~ ~ M I O T ;
OH B H e 3 a n H O OCTaHaDAHBZT CBOe AbIXaHMe, TO OH OX-
Aa>t<AaeT CBOe X H 3 H e H H O e AbIXaHMe KOrAa CHOBa He-
OXMAaHHO B O ~ O ~ H O B M er0,
~ T TO H a r p e B a e T er0, HmOCII
3THM B p e A ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T CeMeHM.
H O M ~ ECAH npaKTCIKyl0-
4 M h He 6 y ~ 0e6 ~
p a q a ~ bBHMMaHMe H a BCe 3 T 0 , OH HM-
'IerO H e AOCTMrHeT.
npM
~ O ~ T O M BO3HMKHOBCHMM
~ M ~ I C A ~IlpaKTMKyIO-
G
y C I k AOAXeH npMMeHMTb B H Y T P ~ H H MOPOHb,
~ KOTOPY~
p a 3 r o p e A c I I &Vl TOrO, ' I T O ~ ~IIOBepHyTb
I Koaeco ~ ~ K O H
TO eCTb H a n p a D M T b er0 Mp~y r AAA
B M M K ~ O K O C M H ' I ~ C KK
TOrO, ' I T O ~ H M3rHaTb 3TM MbICAM, HO OH H e AOIUKeH HM-
KOrAa IIOBOpa'IMBaTb er0, eCAM HeIIOCTO5lHCTBO KOH-
rJeHTparJMM o c ~ a 6 ~ nBoH ~ T ~ ~ H OrOHb
H M ~ HZlCTOAbKO,
' I T 0 3 T 0 M O X e T nOBpeAMTb ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T H CeMeHM.
O M Y Ero
M a 3 a H e AOAXHbI pa3rlurAbIBaTb npeAMeTb1, MM C A ~ A Y ~
6 b 1 ~ b3aKPblTbIMM M IIOBePHyTbIMM H a w , ' I T O ~ ~CMOT-
I
p e T b H a 6e~bri.i CBeT, K 0 ~ 0 p b l kIIOXBlureTCII M e m y HM-
MM. TO 6 y ~ IIpaBMAbHO.
e ~ ECAM ~ P ~ K T M K ~ I O I I~J 0M 3~ 6 ~
AHTCX CMrHaAaMM, n 0 C T ~ n ; U O y U M MOT O P I W O B 'IYBCTB M
OTKPOeT rAa3& ' I T O ~ ~IIOCMOTPeTb
I BOKPYr, TO er0 KOH-
rJeHTparJMx M ~ y pxa c c e I o T c x , H ~ H O ~
~ I p6e c~
c~ep~~
M y CeMCHM. Ero yXe H e A O M H b l IIpMBAeKaTb B H e l H M e
3ByKM M rOAOCa, IIOTOMY 'IT0 3 T 0 M O X e T BHeCTM 6ecno-
KOGCTBO H e T O A ~ K OB ero c e p A y e M TeAo, HO M o m e T K
TOMY Xe PZICCeRTb ~ ~ C C M ~ ~C T
eMH. O ~
OH H e A o m e e npoxBAH-rb H e T e p n e H u n n p M com~a-
HMCI ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T CeMeHH,
H O ~ O nOTOMy 'IT0 HeTepneHbe
B O ~ ~ Y A Mer0
T C e p A Y e M I I O M e W Z T Pa3BMTMIO CeMeHM.
Ero T p e H M p o B K a AOlvKHa MATH eCTeCTBeHHbIM n y T e M , TO
eCTb O H a H e A O A X H a 6 b 1 ~ bHCI H ~ I I ~ I I X ~ H HHM
O ~CAa-
,
6oh. Ero O W 3 H W M e AyXa B nOAOCTH XM3HeHHOCTM nOA
I l y n K O M H e AOAXHO B 0 3 P a C T a T b OT MbICAM YAepXaHUA
ee T2M, n o T o M y 'ITO ecm OH H e A u r n u T nce ~pemecTe-
CTBeHHO. OH H e AOCTMrHeT WCTOIIHMR HePZ3AH'IHMOCTM.
Ha TOM 3 ~ a n eero n o ~ o ~ ooprm
ii BTxHeTcx, HO ecm
er0 O C H O B W M e yBeAM'IMBiETCR M COTPRCiETCR, T O I I p a K -
T U K ~ I O I I J MM~O
~XeT n o o w u 6 ~ en p M H R T b 3 T 0 3 a nPM3HaK
6 Re c c ~ e p ~ ~ Coe rMoe H M .
(Po~MM~OB~HM
ECAM n O C A e A H e e W 3 P e A 0 , npaKTMKyS0IIJMfi AOlOKeH
OCTaHOBMTb B H Y T P ~ HOHr OMH b~, '1~06bl c o 6 p a ~ bM a K p O -
KOCMM'I~C
~AKXUM~M~M ' I ~ C K3M
A e~M
~ e H T ; eCAM H e T , T O O H
A O A X e H BOCnOAb30BaTbCR 3 ~ 0 k~ u 6 p q u e f Xi M J H e H H O C -
TM, '1~06bl n O B e P H y T b Ko~eco~ K O (TO
H ~e C T b MMKPO-
K O C M M ' I ~KCPK
Y ~U) ,~~ ~~ 0 6 bP a1C T M T b 3 T 0 C e M .
E C T ~cnoc06 O I l ~ A e A C H H RCO3peAO AM 6ecc~ep~~oe
C e M R HAM H e T , K 0 ~ 0 p b l f i 3 a K A I O Y Z T C R B nOMeIIJeHMM K e -
p o c ~ ~ o ~Aoa Mi ni b I nepeA npaKTMKymym, ua3a KOTO-
pOr0 AOAXHbI C M O T P ~ TH~ a ee n A a M . n p M 3 T O M MX H a -
AO B y a y a T b c l z e n a H a n p a n o A e n R T b p a 3 M n o c h e ~ T O ~ O
3 a K p b l T b MX. ECAM C M A ~ H ~~ yI ~~ ~~ bC B
l efT i IIORBMTCH ne-
F A r A a 3 a M M , T a K 0 f i R p K M f i K a K B C n b I I U K a MOAHMM, KO-
T o p b l f i H e YBeAM'IMBiETCR M H e Y M e H b I U i E T C R , T O 3 T 0 0 3 -
Ha'IaeT, 'IT0 6 e c c ~ e p r ~ oC ee M CQ3peAO. ECAM n p a K T M -
K ~ I O I I J MYBMAMT
~ K P Y r C T ~ M H Oc e
~ p~ e ~ u ~ oM
f iRPKMMM
Kp;IRMM, T O 3 T 0 BHa'IHT, ' I T 0 C e M H e CO3PeAO; B 3 T O M
C A y Y Z H y X H a ~ a A b ~ e f i L U WJ lI H M p O B K a M 3 ~ 0 X e ~ ~ b l f i
B b I W e M e T O A C A y X M T A1\R T O r O , Y T O ~ ~IIOAHIlTb
I BHYT-
P ~ H H M
O r~O H
~ b AAR B O ~ ~ Y X A ~ H MAYXOBHOrO
II OrHR C TeM,
'1~06br IlORBMACX 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 CBeT.
fi Ero H e CAeAyeT npaKTM-
KOBaTb YaCTO, ' I T o ~ u~3I6 e ~ c a ~r ObA O B O K p y X e H M R M 3%
T P a T b I X M 3 H e H H O C T M , KOTOPaJl CMXeT n O T O M y ' I T 0 LJe-
AbH3 nPaKTMKM RBAR e T C R PeaAU3aLJMR 3 ~ 0 kB P O X C A ~ H H O ~ ~
X M 3 H e H H O C T M M n p 0 R B A e H M e C B e T a , K O T O ~ RBAHeTCX
~ I ~
AyXOM, HaXOARUJMMCR 3a M ~ X ~ P O B ~ OTM~TMM,
~ M . YTO
K0HeYH;IR LJeAb BCeTO MHO>KeCTBa MeTOAOB n P a K T M K M H e
npeAn0Aarae-r H w e r o , K p o M e p e a ~ ~ 3 a X
gMu ~~H ~ H H O C -
TM M A y X Z
BO B p e M H ~ o e MeAMTaLJMM
k n 0 A pyKOBOACTBOM MO-
MX HaCTaBHHKOB Ano X ~ HMR A H 0 K y ~ Ra n p a K T M K O B a A
AeCRTb 3 T M O B &M YBeAMYeHMR ~ 0 ~ I I p 0 ~ 3 ~ 0 & 4 y I r y e fMi
X U ~ H ~ HCMA
H OB ~
AOCTaTOYHOM
~ KOAMYeCTBe H 3 a T e M ,
BpOXCAeHHyIO $ O ~ M YXCM3HeHHOCTM A M TOFO, q ~ 0 6 b 1CO-
3AaTb ~ o e BO
6 e c c ~ e p ~ CeMII. B p e M K;uKAOrO AHeBHOrO
3WIITMII c n ~ ~ l r M u ~ ~ C~AMX~A
e k~ A M T ~ L IIJ TeCHO 3PaqKM
rAZ3, .r~o6a1CKOHLJetiTpMPOBaTbCII H a ~ w x t t e f iIl'XTM
>KMBOTa A 0 T e X n O p , n O K a II H e HaqMHaA '4yBCTBOBaTb H e -
L(TO BPOAe 3yAa n o BCeMy AMLJy, n a y T M H y , nOKPblBZU0-
LlJyW ero M K a K ~ Y A T OCTiUO MyPZUibeB, npoGera~oyyro
no AMLJy; 3 T 0 yKa3blBaAO H a TO, ' I T 0 B p o X C A e H H U X M 3 -
HelIHOCTb PaClTPOCTP'dHReTCR no BCeMy TeAy . r y ~ e ~
A p a K O H a M PblK'dHbe T M V a CTOIIAM y M e H t l B YWaX, M BO
yTy ~ & M p a A o c b CAIQHbI G o ~ b u l e ',l e M II M O r nPOrAOTMTb
3 a OAMH TAOTOK. T o r ~ Ba H e 3 a n H O II B n U a A B COCTVIIHMe
HeHCHOCTM, n p M KOTOPOM M O e C O 3 H W M e M B0Cnl)MIITMe
~ e y e kK a K ~ Y A T O~ c r e 3 a ~ Moe o . TeAO, Ka3aAOCb, BMTaAO
B 06~a~ax TO. rOBOpMAO 0 B P > K A ~ H H O ~XM3HeHHOCTM,
~
KOTOpaJl B b l p a u J M B a A a M pa3BMBaAa 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ oe
CeMH.
TO CeMII H e 3 p e A 0 , K O r A a O H 0 C O A e P X M T OTPMLJaTeAb-
H o e A b I X a H U e M 3 F A 0 , K O r A a B H e M er0 H e T . K o r ~ a
C e M
C 0 3 F B W T , ~ ~ ~ K T M K Y K HXe ~ XOqeT M ~ CIlaTb, a KOrAa
B p O X A e H H m >KM3HeHHOCTb IlOAHa, T O r A a OH H e XOYeT
eCTb. Ha 3 T O M 3 T a n e , K O r A a OH B A b I X Z T M BbIAblXaeT '4e-
pe3 H03APM MAH POT, H e tlYBCTBYeTCR HMKaKOrO BHeUIHe-
r0 BOsAyXa, BXOAIIUJerO MAW BbIXOflUJerO q e p e 3 HMX.
T o r ~ anepeA n p a K T M K Y I Q y M M nOCTOIIHH0 CTOHT 6 e ~ bkr
CBeT, a er0 TeAO H e O Y y U J W T W HHKaK. TO n p e A B a p M -
~ e ~ b ~ b 3l Tf a in ~~~MT~XH
H aOKOTOPOM
C T M , Y'4eHMK
AOAlKeH OCTepeI'aTbCR HOqHbIX ~ O A A I O L J M MCTOUJZU0-
~~,
Y M X e r O BOC~pOM3BOAIIuJyIOCUAy. OH AOA>KeH ~ 3 6 e r a ~ b
HanpRXeHMII M nepepa6o~~w
A H e M , n O T O M y .IT0 eCAM
OH 6 y ~ CAMIIIKOM
e ~ YCTaAbIM, TO IlOAOXMTeAbHOe Ha'la-
A 0 BbITe'IeT H a p y X y HOYbH). OHA O A X e H OTAbIXaTb, CMAII
B MeAUTaLJMM, Y T O ~ ~BbIpaCTUTb
I M Pa3BMTb 6ecc~ep~-
H o e c e M R , an,unoyeecn ero o c ~ o n ~ oyieiA a I o . OH AOA-
>KeH ~ 3 6 e r a ~BbIRCHeHMR
b Y ~ T O - ~ T~a K6 0'1~06bl
, ero
~ I I I M H e CA~IIII~AM H u q e r o , a ero cepAge ( o 6 ~ ~ oe r~~ bx )
6 b 1 ~ oC B O ~ O A H OOT B c e x C M ~ H ~ A O Bn ,e p e A m a e M b 1 x opra-
HaMM 'IyBCTB. ECAW MbICAM B03HMKHyT c A y ' l a 6 ~ 0 , OH
A O A X e H C p a 3 y XCe I T O B e p H y T b K o ~ e wS ~ K O 3H
a K~
p b,I T b
M I l O B e P H Y T b H a 3 w r A a 3 a , ~ ~ o 6 Cb M1O T P e T b H a C B e T 6ec-
C M e p T H O r O C e M e H M , T O r A a BO3HMKIlIMe MbICAM ;1DTOMa-
TM1leCKM np0nqy.r. Tlpe6a1~mB 3 T O M ~ ~ ~ A ~ M CO-
H O M
CTOILHMM, O H A O A X e H C M O T P e T b B Y e H T p H M X H e r O &lib
i7lRKI1, U KOTOPOM " A ~ F K MB~~ T ~ P O K 'o' 6 ~ y ~ >I<M3HeH-
ae~
HOCTb. 1/1 3 T O T IJeHTV CTakfOBMTCR FOPR'IMM M M3 H e r 0
IlOAifMMXTCR CBeT 3 A M K C H P a T P K , YTO BCe I l p O C T p a H C T -
BO Mt?>KAy I l y n K O M M rAa3aMM H a n O A H R e T C R 6 e h b l ~CRe-
TOM. ( ) C . I < O B ~ H H IlOAOBOrO
~ O p r W a T O r A a Ha1lHeT U M ~ ~ M -
p013aTb M Y'leHMK MO>KeT no O U I M ~ KI I O
~ A y M a T b , YTO 6ec-
CMel>THOt? C e M R C 0 3 1 X A 0 , HO 3 T O r 0 H e T . OHA O A X e H BOC-
noAb3oeaThcx n ~ 6 p a y ~ e kr ~, o 6 b 1c o 6 p a ~ ba x M M M Y e c -
K M 3~A e M e H T AAR BbI?>aUJUBWMR 3 T O r 0 C e M e H M .
h 5 l T O r O , ' 1 ~ 0 6 ~ 1O n P e A e A M T b C O 3 p e A O 3 T 0 C e M R HAM
H e T , OH A O A X e H n p M M e H M P r b y n 0 ~ 1 l ~ y ~ B
b bll IkU e MeTOA,
r I 0 M e y M IlepeA co6oir KepOCMHOByK) A a M l I y M FA5IAeTb
Ha ee nAaMa, ~paryannpw TOM n o ~ p y r yr A a 3 a M M c A e n a
H a n p a B O A e B R T b pa3; eCAM 3 a T e M O H 3 a K p O e T UX M YBM-
AMT n p ~ u k 6 e ~ a 1 CBeT,
k O K ~ Y X ~ H H~ O ~ AI ~O ~~ H ~ I MOA-
M M
HMRM BCnblUIKaMM, 3 T 0 6 y ~ 0e3 H~a Y a T b , YTO C e M R CO-
spe~o.
ECAM O H YBMAMT T ~ M H K~P YI r ,~O K P Y X ~ H HMCKpa- ~ ~ ~ ~
MU, TO 3 T 0 6 y ~ 0e3 H~a Y a T b , YTO C e M R H e CO3peAO; B
3 T O M C A y Y a e O H A O A X e H 6 y ~ ceo ~ 6 p a ~ bU X M M U Y ~ C K M ~ ~
3 A e M e H T , YTOGBI P a 3 B M T b 3 T O T CBeT, M 3 a T e M I I p a K T M K O -
B a T b e U J e pa3 12 3 T a n O B , M 3 A O X e H H b I X B 3 ~ 0 kK H M r e .
TO H a 3 b I B a e T C R IlOAHRTMeM M O I l Y C K W C l e M B H y T p e H H e -
r0 O r H R AAR CO3AaIiUR AYXOBHOrO OI'HR, ' 1 ~ 0 6 ~ 1 YBMAeTb,
H e Pa3BMAOCb AM C e M R IIOAHOCTbK), H O 3 T 0 H e A b 3 R A e -
A a T b CAMUIKOM 'IaCTO, 1 1 ~ 0 6 6 1 H e BbI3BaTb ~ O A O B O K P Y X e -
HMR M H e I l O B p e A H T b ~ o c n p o ~ 3 n o ~ ~
CMAe
y e k [Zj3Utc],
IKM3HeHHOCTI.I [ZjU] M AyXy [ ~ 3 ~ b ] .
H X T ~ B H UnK 3 MOY-YX~H
~ CKa3a.A: " M ~ T OCO3Aa-
A
HMR 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ CoerMoe H M COCTOHT M3 UCOeAMHeHMR*
C e p A g a C r A a 3 a M M ,!+A% O A H O H a n p a B A e H H O r O COCpeAOTO-
YeHMR H a H M X H ~Y ~X T
~ M X M B O T a T a K , Y T O ~ ~ eCAM
I, TaM
nO'IyBCTByeTCX ~u6payun,X M 3 H e H H O C T b M O r A a 6b1 C p a -
3Y Xe H a ' I a T b L ) M P K ~ A M P O B a T bno MMKPOKOCMM'IeCKOMY
K p y r y AAH n p o x o x A e H u x o q u y e H M n , HO ~ a r \ e f i r u m H e -
6 p e x ~ o c ~COb CTOPOHbI I I p a K T M K y I O Y e r O M O X e T BbI-
3BaTb ee YTe'IKy M TaKMM 06pa30~CBeCTM H a H e T BCe AO-
CTMrHYTble n e p e A 3TMM Y C ~ ~ X U " .
ECAM H a 3 T O M npeABapMTeAbHOM 3 T a n e ~ O A O B O
O P~ -~
raH c o ~ p a y a e ~ c nTO
, eye H e A O K ~ ~ ~ I B Z 'ITO
T , OH ~ek-
C T B ~ ~ T ~ A B~TH
H rOM B Z T C X B H y T p b . ECAM 6 e c c ~ e p ~ Ce-
~oe
MR ~ a e ~ M C K P ~ I , J H ~ ' I M T , OHO
TOALKO eye He co3pe~o.
T YMH ) Y M ~A O A X e H Il P O A O A X a T b n p M A e X H 0 Tpy-
~ P ~ K K
AMTbCH A 0 T e X n O p , n 0 K a n e H M C H e BTXHeTCX B HM3 X M -
B O T a 6 e ~ b 1 i iC B e T C H a ' I a r \ a nOKa>KeTCA H a ~ P O B I I M M ,a
CO I 3 p e M e H e M 3 a n O A H H T n P O C T P W C T B 0 M e X & y HMMM M
H M X H M M a a H b t?lSlcehi. TO 6 y ~ CBMAeTeAbCTBOBaTb
e ~ 0
3PeAOCTM ~ ~ C C M ~ P T H O ~O
CCMeHH. HO eCAM n o u e M U -
T ~ A ~ HT pOe H~M P O B K M 3TOT CBeT H e nOKa>KeTCA, TO
~ P ~ K T M K ~ I O YAM
OA~ X~ e H 6 y ~ e3 a~e q b M nOMeCTMTb
nepeA co6oii KyPMTeAbHYIO ~ A W O B O H H ~ I nar\O'IKy,
O M 3a-
B ~ T r~A a 3 a T a K , ' I T o ~C~
T e M C $ O K ~ C U ~ ~ CBOM M IO T P e T b H a
ee rop5iIJJ~fi KOH'IMK; n O u e K P y r O B O r O BPallJeHMX FAa3
C A e B a H m p a B O AeBXTb ~ o e 6 y ~ CO-
pa3 6 e c c ~ e p ~ =MII e~
B e p U l e H H O C O 3 p e B U l M M M XPKMM. A a n b ~ e k u l mT P e H M -
&U TOFO, ' I T o ~n~
F B K a ~OHMO~UTCX OAI HXTb 3TOT XP-
K U C~B e T 3AMKCMPa O T H W K H e r O ~ L L t?lSlM
H ~ A 0 OAa3, KO-
T O p b l e T O r A a B C n b I X H y T A B a UAM T p M pa3a BTOTC W T
3 A M K C M P a 3 a C B e y K Z T K a K 'IUCTOe 30AOTO M 6 y ~ no-
e ~
X O X H a O ~ H ~ H Hmap,
U ~ ~K O T O ~ ~IIOCAYXMT
I ~ ~ 3HaKOM
TOFO, ' I T 0 6 e c ~ ~ e p =MII
~ o e n O A H O C T b l 0 pa3BMAOCb.
n o l r ~ e ~ ~ b HaCTaBHMK
l k AIO t O ~ b - n y CK=ar\:
" ~ ~ ~ K T M K ~ I O I AI OJ AMX~e H~ 3 H a T b M e T O A B b I p a y M B a H W l
M ~ ~ ~ B M T M~ I~ IC C M ~ P T H cOe ~
MOeHu. ECI\M ~ y Hx e 6e3h.w-
T e X e H , CeMX H e M O X e T O ~ P ~ ~ O B ~ T
M ~3AMKCMP
C E I 6ec-
C M e P T M I l H e M O X e T 6 b 1 ~ bIlpMrOTOBAeH. ECAM X M 3 H e H -
H o e A b I X W M e H e Y A e p X M B a e T C X B H M X H e M a a H b mRW,
TOI'Aa C B e T C e M e H M H e nOXBMTCX. K a K ( o 6 u ~ e ~ b
O ~ H R ) , T P K H b , b l x a H M e A O A X H b I 6 b 1 ~ b3 a M O p O X e H b I B
H H X H e M 8 a H b m5lH.e; XOTR X H 3 H e H H O e AblXZlHMe M O X e T
IlOKMHYTb er0 C A Y ' ~ ~ ~ HCepAIJe
O, HHKOrAa H e AOAXHO
O T A ~ T ~ COT
H Hero. Cepage M 3paq~1.1 rAa3 AOAXH~I
6 b 1 ~ bB c e r A a CKOHLJeHTPUpoBaslbI H a 3 T O M LJeH'lpe A0
TeX n O p , n o K a H e BepHeTCH n p u o 6 p e ~ e ~ X~Mo3eH e H H O e
AbIXaslMe M I r e OCTasleTCH T a M , ' L T O ~ ~I Il O A A e p X M B a T b
BpO>KAeHHylO XM3HBHHOCTb, KOTOPaR 6 y ~ Pea C~T M T b M
pa3BMBaTb CeMX, IlpUBOAHllJee K IlOHBAeHMlO CBeTa
3AMKCMPa. ~ o C A ~ A H nUo~~ o 6 eO r~H e H H O M Y Illapy BeAM-
~ IlyAK) B I J e t I T H M X H e r O 8 a H b W W , ~ 0 ~ 0 p b l k
Y M H OC
C T W e T I'OPHYMM, 3aCTaBAHH O C H O B W M e llOAOBOI'0 0pra-
Ha ~ ~ 6 p ~ p Mo n p~M B
a eA
~ e Tb B A B W e H l 4 e B p O X A e H H y K )
X M 3 H e H H O C T b . T e n e p b n p a ~ ~ M K y l O q uAkO l u K e H BM3y-
a A b H 0 IlpeACTaBMTb ce6e, K a K 3 T a X M 3 H e H H O C T b nOAHM-
MaeTCH O T OCHOBWMH n03BOHO'IHMKa B KZlHaA Y n p a B A e -
HMH (8y MO), BBepX A0 M 0 3 r a (HZ4 &Fib) H OTTyAa CnyC-
KZTCH K W a A y 3 a ' I a T b H K C M e p H O M y 3 a T B O p y ( B OC-
HoBaHMM neHMCa, '1~0661 PaCnPOCTPWMTbCH n O BCeM
'IaCTHM T e A a M K O H ~ ' ~ H O C T R M ) . B pe3yAbTaTe XM3HeH-
HOCTb M K p B b IlPOHMKHYT BCK)AY, Y K P n H T TeAO, B 3 p a C -
THT M P a 3 0 B b K ) T 6 e c c ~ e p ~ C~~oMeI I " .
6 e c c M e p ~ b l kT a b YXM-MMH CKa3aA: "B~AMKO~
duo COCTOMT B C Y ~ A H M ~ L J M~M
o c n p 0 ~ 3 ~ 0 p s l yCHAM
ek B
X M 3 H e H H O C T b , IlOAHOTa b 0 ~ o ~ o p o6i iy ~ Pea C~T M T b M
Pa3BMBaTb 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~WoMeX , C X T KOTOPOrO CBMAe-
TeAbCTByeT 06 M C T M H H O ~ I, ~ O A O X M T ~ A ~ HBOCIIPOM~BO-
O~~
pslyek CMAe [IIH-ZJ~UH]. TO KyAbTMBaLJMR K a K CYLZJ-
H O C T H O ~n p M p O A b l , T a K M B ~ Y H O ~ ~
XM3HW, IjeAbH) KOTO-
p0k HBAHeTCH peaAM3aLJWl n O A H O r 0 p a 3 B M T W l n O A O X H -
T ~ A ~ H O ~
XM3HeHHOCTM [flH-~f~] . ECAM AyX K O A ~ ~ A ~ T W I ,
BbI3blBaR HO'IHbIe MCTe'IeHMH * C ~ M OA~~ ~ ~ o L J ~ H Be-
H o ~
YM*, TO OTCYTCTBMe 3 T O r 0 C B e T a IIOATBePAMT IIOTepK)
M C T ~ I H H O ~~ O A O X M T ~ A ~ HBO O
~ C ~ P O M ~ B O ~ Y ~ ~
CUAbI.
Bce YqeHMKM AOlUKHbI 0 6 p a y a ~ boco6oe B H U M W M e H a
3 T O T MeTOA C ~ ~ A M M ~ I J Mn M
O T, O M y ' I T 0 eCAM 6ecc~ep-
H o e CeMA n p a B U A b H 0 B b I p a y M B a e T C H BHyTPM, TO O H 0 6y-
A e T n O A A e P X M B a T b IlOAOXMTeAbHYIO BOCIIPOM3BOflYYIO
 CUAy [ ~ M - Z ~ ~ U BOBHe,
~C] O ~ Y C A ~ D A H B ~IIOXBAeHUe
UI CBeTa
C ~ ~ H O C T Hn pOU~p O X ~M ~ H M " .
~Ab1 U B ~ Y H O
B Ha ~ xya
b l 4 3 M ~rOBOpMTCII:
~ "BOCIIPOU~BO~-
YM CUAa, K O T O P M UCTMHHa, CYlIJeCTBYeT BHYTPM TO;,
KOTOpaR r ~ y 6 o U~ 3aa I ' q O r l H a B T U~C T U H H M BOCIlPOM3-
BOW y u cma X n M e T c x W C T M H H ~ I MC e M e H e M B T e h e q e -
AOBeKa T ~ K K a K O H a H e IICHa, O H a Ha3bIBaeTCX Taii 24324
( B ~ A M K M~~ P A ~
T a KAK a)
K ,
OHa I I B M e T C X HaYar\OM
( CRHb
T B O P H U X , O H a Ha3bIBaeTCII I ~ P ~ X A ~ P O X Ak~ H HO
WlatCb). T ~ KKa K O H a I I B M e T u I H e p a 3 ~ e A b H o k( U H b RH) ,
C O e A U H e H H e OTPHIJaTeAbHOrO H ~ O A O X U T e A b H O r O , O H a
Ha3blBaeTCX E A M H O XM3HeHHOCTb.
~ OH^ TaK>Ke Ha3bIBa-
eTCX > K ~ A T ~ IPMC T K O M ( X y a t C R ) , T ~ M H C T B ~ H HXOe~M -
~ ~ X H H(CKXZHZ,
O ~ T) U I I O A O X U T ~ A ~ HBOCtlPOM3BO-
O~
C U O ~ (RH Zj324H). ECAM 3 T a BOClTPOM3ROAXUJaJI
cmaa a a ~ o p o m e ~Mae m A y ~ e 6 (0r o~~ o ~ o kM ) semeii
(HUBOM XMBOTO),
T O r A a O H a CTWOBHTCX CBeTOM 6ec-
CMePTHOrO C ~ M ~ H M " .

Bonpoc: B ~ CKa3ar\M1
I ' I T 0 eCAM IIP~KTMK)'IOL~JM~H e IlOAYIIUT y K a -
3 W ~ fO
i T OIIbITHOrO HaCTaDHUKa, B H ~ T P ~ HCBeT,
H WKO-
~
~ 0 p b 1 f i OH M O X e T C03AaTb, H e 6 y ~ IIOAHblM
e ~ U XPKMM.
Ho r ~ ~ X C H U Tn ~o,
M o X e T e AM ~ b O ~e~y?
OTB~T:
OH H a 3 b I B Z T C I I CBeTOM X U 3 H e H H O C T H (xY~&
Z'JUtC), a
KOl'Aa O H p a 3 E U B a e T C X IlOAHOCTbIO, TOI'Aa OH H a 3 b I B Z T C X
3OAOTbIM CBeTOM ( U ( C L H ZyaM).
~ Eye H e CO3peBIIIaR BOC-
npOU3BO&HUJaR CMAa H e M O X e T IIPOU3BeCTM ~ O A O T O ~
CBeT. C B ~XM3HeHHOCTM
T n o ~ o 6 Ae y~H e , a B O A O T O ~CBeT
C e M e H U CMlleT, K a K YHCTOe 30AOTO.
I i e c c ~ e p ~ oc e m - TO K ~ M C T ~ M M ~ ~ L J~MORA O -
X M T ~ A ~ H ~Oo ~c n p o u 3 ~ 0 & 5 I y e k CUAbI. K o r ~ anocAeAH5iX
IlOAHOCTbm pa3BMTa, I I ~ ~ K T M K ~ H ) I IA
JOu~
AXeH IIOBep-
HYTb r A a 3 a H a % , Y T O ~ CKOHIJeHTpMPOBaTbCR
~ I H a IJeHT-
pe HMXHeTO a a n b ??l.SlHJl M CMOTpeTb H a H e r 0 T a K , Y T O ~ L I
3 A e M e H T OrHR B rAa3aX, ~ 0 ~ 0 p b l HaXOAMTCII
k CBepXy,
Onar\MA 3 A e M e H T BOAbI B XMBOTe, ~aX0&5IrrJMkc~ CHM3Y,
Y T O ~ C03AaTb
~ I ~ O A O X M T e A b H Y H )X U 3 H e H H O C T b , CBeT KO-
T O ~ O
IIOIIBMTCSl
~ K a K 6 e ~ b 1 kCBeT XM3HeHHOCTt4, a n0A-
HOTa 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ CeMeHM
oro - K a K ~ O A O T OCBeT,
~ OT-
K ~ ~ I B w I I J MOTpMLJaTeAbHyH)
~ XH3HeHHOCTb BHYTpM
~ o c n p o u 3 ~ o p p ~ CMAbt.
e k C B ~ TrAa3, ~ a n p a n a e ~ ~ b l
BHM3, SlBAIIeTCII IIOAOXMTeAbHbIM, M KOT&a IIOAOXMTeAb-
~ b l G
CBeT BCTpeYZTCII C OlpMIJaTeAbHbIM CBeTOM, T O r A a
HaY H e T p'XIIpOCTpaHIITbCII ~ p a r o I J e ~ k
~ bCBeT
1 (baa 2y-
an).
TO n o ~ o 6 ~3AeKTpMYeCKOMy
o T O V , K O T O P ~ I IIpM
~
3 W b I K W M M IIOAOXMTeAbHOrO M OTpMLJaTeAbHOrO IIOAW-
COB AaCT R P K M ~CBeT, eCAM X B a T Z T MOIIJHOCTH. T~KMM
O ~ P ~ ~ OeCAM
M , BOCIIpoM3BO&5IIIJaSl c H A a H e BOCCTWOBAe-
H a IIOAHOCTbH) A 0 TOG BeAUYHHbI, K O T O O
~ H~a AOCTMl'a-
A a K MOMeHTy ~ O A O B O3PeAOCTH,
~ TOrAa O H a H e CMOXeT
C03AaTb CBeT XM3HeHHOCTM, Ge~arii,n o ~ o 6 ~ b AyHHOMy
r k
cneq.
ECAM BOCIIPOM3BOAIInJaSI CHAa BOCCTWOBAeHa IIOA-
HOCTbH) M CTar\a CTOAb Xe ~ ( ) @ ~ K T M B H o YTO
~, M K MO-
MeHTy n o ~ o ~ o3peAOCTM,
k YTO O ~ H ~ ~ ~ X H B Z T ~ KOJ Ir A, a
n o ~ o ~ o0pra.H
k BTIIrMBZTCR B H y T p b , T O r A a K a K IIOAO-
,
X M T e A b H W XM3HeHHOCTb [RH-Z~U] T a K M OTpMJJaTeAb-
H W XM3HeHHOCTb [ U I C B - l j ~COeAMHSlIOTCII,
] 4 ~ 0 6 b 1CO-
3AaTb I I P K M ~~ O A O T OCBeT,
~ CMRSOIIJM~1 1 0 ~ 0 6YMCTOMY
~0
30AOTY.
6e~a1iiCBeT XM3HeHHOCTI.I CBHAeTeAbCTBYeT.0 HeCO-
B e p m e H H O M T e A e , HeCyrrJeM OTpMLJaTeAbHOe HaYar\O, KO-
T O P O e M O X e T C03AaTb 3 e M H b l e COCTORHMII, B TO BpelKII,
KaK ~ O A O T OCDeT
~ rOBOPMT 0 IIOAHOTe BOCIlPOH3BO&5I-
lye6 CMAbI, XM3HeHHOCTM H AyXa, COeAMHeHHbIX B OAHO
IJeAOe. H e ~ o ~ o p TYCKnOCTb
a ~ l B CWHWW XM3HeHHOCTM M
Bonpoc: B ~ CKWaAM,
I 'IT0 IIpaKTMKa C O ~ U P ~ J ~ M
M RnOAHXTMX O r -
HX AM CO~A;LHMRA y x o B H o r o arm, BeAyyero K nomwe-
HMIO C B e T a , H e A O A X H a ' I X T O IlOBTOPRTbCX, n O T O M y 'IT0
3 T 0 M O X e T BbI3BaTb rOAOBOKPyXeHMX M PaCCeHBXT
B p o X A e H H y I o XM3HeHHOCTb. no>lca.AyfiC~a, O~'~RCHMT~
n o s e ~ ?y
OTB~T:
OpraH IlpMpOAbI ( C U H ~Z3Hb UAM cep~LJe)CBX3aH C no-
AOCTbIO X M 3 H M (MUH lpl0 MAM H M X H M ~
8 a~H b ??28rtb) Ka-
HMOM, H ~ ~ ~ I B X M 'tyn wo HAM
~ I M 'tyn N O MNOA (CM.
pMC. 5 ) . ECAM MCT0YeHH;LR B O C ~ P O M 3 B O & H y ; L R CMAB
nOAHOCTbIO BOCCT;LHOBMTCfi n p M n O M O y M aAXMMM'IeCK0-
ro npoyecca, T o r A a o H a n o A p u T A o c T y n K MOPW cyq-
H O C T H O ~IIPMPOAbl
~ (CUM X d ) , 3 T O IlOAOCTb Y b Z W O B
gea.rpe ~ o s r a KOTOPW
, C B X ~ ~c H O ~~O M M M~ A W ~ M Ua,
T a m ec c e p A y e M . H e c ~ o ~ pHr ra TO W e A m H e H M e , Apa-
r 0 L J e ~ ~ b l fCBeT
i H e ITOXBAReTCSl H a P a H H M X 3 T a I l a X n p a K -
TMKM. TO IlPOMCXOAHT M3-3a TOrO, ' I T 0 I J e H T p CYYHOCT-
HOG IIPMPOAbI (TO e C T b Zj3bZ ~ R O )e y e 3 a K p b I T .
,&I TOTO, ' I T o ~O~
TKI P b l T b 3 T O T IJeHTP C Y Y H O C T H O ~
npUpoAb1, I I ~ ~ K T M K ~ I O U AJ OMA~X~e H IlOCTaDMTb nepeA
co6ofi KepOCMHOByIO A a M n y M C O C ~ ~ ~ O T O Y MB3rAXA '& Ha
ee n A a M e H w . npw TOM, B p a y a n r ~ a 3 caA e~n a ~H a n p a n o
AeBXTb p a , Y T O ~ ~ 3I a n ~ 6 p u p o ~ aII0AOXMTeAbH;LR
~a
X M 3 H e H H O C T b B 3 T O M L J e H T p e (3a M e X 6 p o ~ b e M ) , T a K
' I T o ~O~HIa C t I y C T M A X b A0 n0AOCTM ~ e ' I ~ 0XfMi 3 H M nOA
IlynKOM, yXe H ~ ~ O A H ~ H 0Hl pOM~I J~ a ~ e ~ b ~ 0Xf M
i 3HeH-
 HOCT~IO, 6~aro~apx
'IeMy 06e X M 3 H e H H O C -
TM COeAMHIIIOTCR,
HyXHO IlPOHM3bIBW-
YLiM B3PbIBOM OT-
K P ~ I T MCXOAHYIO
~ no-
A O C T ~Ayxa ( y b t tgo B
yeH.rpe ~ o s r a ) . TO
Ha3bIBaeTCX np0pbI-
BOM ~ 3 ~ a Y a A b ~no-
o k
AOCTM, K O T O P L I ~ ~ a e
BbIXOA A p a r O r J e H H O M y
cnely.
>TOT CBeT XPK,
KaK CBeT AYHbI, OH
CBMAeTeAbCTByeT 0
IIOAHOTe BOCIIPOM3BO-
~ I I y e k
CMAbI M H a 3 b I B X T C I I CBeTOM XM3HeHHOCTM. Kor-
A a 3 T O T CIKT AeAXTCII 3OAOTbIM M CBePKWLZJMM no~o6-
HO YMCTOMY 30AOTy, 'lTO IlOKa3bIBaeT 3PeAOCTb 6ec-
C M e p T H O r O CeMeHM, T O r & a O H H a 3 b I B Z T C I I 3OAOTbIM CBe-
TOM. ECAM LJeHlpbI F U G H e CBX3Wb1, TO BpaIIJeHMe r A a 3
COeAMHMT MX. ECAM IJeHTPbI L M A H e C B I I 3 w b 1 , T O r A a
IlpOIJeCC C Y ~ A M M ~ I J HXM3HeHHOCTM
H B DUJ WeAMHXeT
MX. T ~ X H MIIOAHXTMII
K~ OrHX HM B K O e M C A ) N Z He
AOluKHa lTpMMeHXTbCII ' 4 X T 0 , IlOTOMy ' I T 0 3 T 0 B b I 3 b I B Z T
rOAOBOKpyXeHMe M BpeAMT XM3HeHHOCTM. Kamaa~k
0 6 0 ~W
0 a~3 3 X T a B A l l e T X M 3 H e H H O C T b B nOAOCTM X M 3 H M
B03HOCMTCR BBepX, yCTPeMA5lIICb KO PTY, rAa3aM1 )'ma
M H 0 3 A P X M , KOTOPbIe IIBMIOTCII C e M b l O OTWpCTMIIMH,
M3
' I e p e 3 KOTOpbIe XM3HeHHOCTb p X U ? M B a e T C I I BOBHe.
BCeX CeMM nOAOCTb He6ec~oroBOAOeMa ( m ~ l t b%u) H a -
A0 P T O M IIBMeTCII OTBePCTMeM, 'Iepe3 KOTOPOe Y T e K Z T
HapyX)' 6 o ~ a m eK e r O XM3HeHHOCTM. ~ O ~ T O M I)I'O T e p I I
XU3HeHHOCTM, B b I 3 b l B Z M M 'IPe3MePHbIMI.I pa3rOBOPa-
M U M n e H M e M n p e B b I u I a e T IlOTepM n p U A p y r H X BMAaX Ae-
IITeAbHOCTM. ~ O ~ T O MI IY
p a K T M K y I O Y M e AaDCCKyIo U X M -
MMH) B C e r A a IIpMXMMiUOT KOH'IMK X3bIKa K ~ e 6 y H, e 3 a -
BHCMMO O T TOrO, X O U T AM OHM, CTOXT, C M U T MAM Ha-
KI\OHXH)TCII. TO H e TOAbKO A M TOrO, ' I T o ~~~
AIOKMPO-
B a T b H e 6 e c ~ b 1 i iBOAOeM M IlpeAOTBpaTMTb yTe'Il<y X M 3 -
HeHHOCTM, HO T a m e H WlI TOrO, Y T O ~ ~0 I6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~ b
MOCT, A 0 KOTOPOMY XH3HeHHOCTb O n y C K Z T C I I OT g e H T -
pa c m n b U n (T~WHCTB~HH;LII y 3 ~ e u nosqw
~a He6ec~o-
ro BOAOehia B ~ e 6 e )BHM3 K ropAy, CepAgy (M),nonoc-
TH tj3RH zyn ( C O A H ~ Y H OC~n A e T e H M e (N), g e H V HMX-
Her0 aaHb mdh% ( 0 ) M CMePTHOMY 3 a T B O p y (A), q~06b1
B3PaCTMTb 6 e c c ~ e p ~ IXMX.
~oe
Bce YVeHMKM AOAXHbI 3Ha.Tb OTHOCMTeAbHO ~epx~efi
~ X T M T e A a , 'ITO ecm ~ O A O C T L He6ec~oroB o A o e M a ( B
~ e 6 e )H e 3 a K p b I T a , TO C W H b UH H e M O X e T OTKpbITbCX;
OTHOCMTeAbHO H C U K H ~
'I;UITH
~ ~ T e A a , 'IT0 eCAM K;lliaA 3a-
'IaTbX ( ~ 3 MU)
~ 8 H e 3 a K p b I T , TO K;lliUI;LI\ YIIpZlBAeHMX (ay
MU) B n03BOHO'IHMKe H e M O X C T OTKpblTbCX; OTHOCM-
Team0 i i TeAa, TO e c A w Apyrue r u e c T b Ka-
c p e ~ ~ e'IaCTM
HUOB ( q y n NO, aaii MO, RH qao, U H qm, ~ szn 63ii H U H ~
$ 3 4 H e 3aKpbITb1, TO I10AOCTb A y X a 3a ~ e m 6 p o ~ H b ee ~
OTKpOeTClI H X H 3 H e H H O C T b B ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T H O M
3apOAbIllle
H e CMOXeT B ~ I ~ ~ T H .
~ P MHanMCWMM 3TOrO p a 3 A e A a X H e M O r Y A e p X a T b
CAe3b1, IIOTOMY ' I T 0 Y ' I e H M K W T p y A H O H ~ ~ TlIpOCBe-
U
IJJeHHbIX HXTZlBHMKOB. C W M C n b I T U MHOI'O TPYAHOC-
~ e fMi p a m q a p o ~ m n f i nepe6pa
, OKOAO 30 y w ~ e ~ e in i3,
~ XTOXLlJeMy II PO-
KOTOPbIX TOAbKO HeMHOrMe 6 b 1 n~o - H
CBt?LlJeHHbIMbl, B TO B P e M KaK O C T U b H b I e ~ ~ I A H
IIpOCTO
HeBeXeCTKHHbIMM. TO n O K a 3 b l B a e T , 'IT0 V Y A H O ~afi-
TM a B T O P H T e T H b I e HaCTaBAeHMX, n o ~ o 6 ~ b TeM,
l e KaKMe
X B 3 ~ 0 kKHMTe. ECAM 'IMTaTeAb BHMMaTeAbHO np-
'I17eT MX, OH 3a KOpOTKOe BpeMX n 0 f i ~ Cee~K p e T b l =XU-
MMM.
nPMr0TOBAEHME SAMKCMPA BECCMEPTM

H ~ A O C T ~6TeOcK
c ~ e p 1 , ~ oC re M
o e H H M O X e T 6 b 1 ~ bUC-
n p a m e H n p w e H e H u e M MeMeHHoro M 6 b 1 c ~ p o r oo r ~ e i i
( 6 ~ a r o ~ paepl y~M L j H H Ab1~a?iL4H), BCAeACTBUe Y e r O no-
A O B O ~0Pra.H COKPaTHTCII, B H Y T ~ ~ H HCBeT
H ~ ~ IIORBHTCJI
nepeA M a 3 a M H , I'yAeHHe A p a K O H a M P b I K a H b e TMl'pa 6y-
AeT YCAblIIIaHO YIIIaMH, H CepALJe ( o 6 w ~ e ~C b~ ~ H O C T H O ~
n p u p o ~ b l ) cruel.. K o r ~ an p a ~ ~ u I C y I O y uyk6 e ~ u ~ cBx
3PeAOCTU 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~CeMeHH,
oro OH A O A X e H 6 y ~ OC- e ~
TaHOBMTb O r O H b ( ~ Y T ~npeKP2UTJeHMII
M ~ l y M L j M MAbI-
x ~ H M R ) , ' I T O ~ ~ cI o 6 p a ~ bM ~ K P O K O C M M Y ~ C K MWiXMMW-
~
Y e c ~ u k3 A e M e H T &Ul OKOHYaTeAbHOrO I l p O p b I B a (TO e C T b
npoMSBOpsl YCUAUe, q ~ 0 6 b 1OTKPblTb MCXOAHYIO nOAOCTb
A y X a 3 a ~ e x 6 p o ~ b Ke O~T ,O p m Ha'4HeT H 3 A P a T b A p a r O -
.
L J e ~ ~ b l C6 B ~ T )
~ O C ATOrO,
~ KOK ~ P ~ K T M K Y I O Y M HCIIbITWi
~ i3Ce
B InXp e ~ b ~ ~ y yr eA ai si e ,
m e c T b C O C T O ~ H H ~Y~~, O M A H ~ T ~ a
T a m e BCII~IIIIKM c B e T a M C o q a r g e H u e n o A o B o r o opra-
H a , OH HHYerO H e C M O X e T c o 6 p a ~ b ,B TO B p e M K O r A a
er0 neHMC B H e 3 a I I H q B C T a e T KaK O ~ ~ I ~B H O XM3HM
Y X
tj3bl (C 23 Y X O B A 0 1 YaCa HOYM), IlOTOMy YTO BOCnpO-
M3BQAJIUJaJr C W a U X M 3 H e H H O C T b COeAMHIIMTCX, 9 ~ 0 6 b 1
C 0 3 A a T b 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ b3apOAblILl.
r f i B 3 T O M C A y q a e O H AOA-
X e H I I p M M e H M T b MeTOA BbIpalrJMBaHcuI 14 PartBHTWH 6ec-
C M e p T H O r O C e M e H M , K O T O ~ ~ ~I K
~ A ~ O Y ~ CB~ T C X ~~~~~beAw-
H ~ H H H " (CKPIUMB~HMM)
CBOMX O ~ O M X r A a 3 M H a n p a B A e -
HMM B3MXAa B IJeHTp HMXHerO aalcb T?lXHJl, q~06b1
T p a H C M y T M p O B a T b CyLIJHOCTHyH) I I p M p O A y M3 ee PyAM-
MeHTaPHOrO COC.TOXHMR XM3HeHHOrO AbIXat4HX B ee
CYUJHOCTHOe COCTOXHMC; II03TOMY C Aat3HOrO M O M e H T a
6 y ~ CyIJJeCTBOBaTb
e ~ TOAbKO O A H a r a p M O H M q H a J r X M 3 -
H e H H O C T b , KOTOPaJr COeAMHMT BCXKOe HeCOBePLZIeHHOe
A b I X a H M e M X M 3 H e H H O C T b B T e A e B OAHOPOAHOe LJCAOe;
O H 0 B n e p B b I e IIPOXBMTCX Ii O ~ A Z T U I'pyAM B BMAe OAHO-
POAHOrO 6enoro AYHHOrO CBeTa B TeAe M BHe T e A a n p a K -
TMKYlOUJerO. B 3 T O M COCTOXHMM I l 0 ~ 1 1 0 h CMA BeCHbl MC-
T M H H O e AbIXaHMe K Z X e T C X CyllJeCTBytOLIJMM M B P O X A e H -
~ b l f AYX
i CTaHeT O U J y U J ~ M b l M , TOrAa KaK XM3lleHHOCTb
CTaHCT H e I I P e P b l B H O B 0 3 P X T a T b . I'enepb IlPaKTMKVH)-
y M f i A O A X e H O C T e p e r a T b C X IIpOXBAeHcuI AeXTeAbHOCTM
MHTeAAeKTa, K O T O P b l e nOMeLU;UOT XM3lleHHOCTM part-
BMTbCX M A y X y C O X p a H X T b LJeAOCTHOCTb; OH HMKOrAa H e
A O A X e H ~ a p y I I I . d ~3ba I I p e T IIpOTMB K a K ~ p a h ~ e Or lnp M -
J p H M X , T a K M KPOTMB H ~ ~ ~ O C H ~ B W H
B HOW~a O
HMX. Ec-
AM ~ 0 3 6 y x ~ ~e b~ l~~e~ 3 eX Tf a iD M T AYXOBIIOe T e A O MC-
' I e 3 H y T b , T O 3 T 0 6 y ~ BbI3BaHO
e ~ 0 T P U r ) a H M e M ; a ecAM
CepAIJe H e C T a H e T 6 ~ y m a BOBHe
~ b M HMKOrAa H e O T p b I -
B Z T C X O T AYXOBHOI'O T e A a , T O 3 T 0 IIPOMCXOAMT 6naro~a-
P X OTCYTCTBMH, OTPHLJaHHX. ECAM O H O C O ~ ~ H HIIpOHM-
O
LJaTeAeH M YKpXM, MeIUaJr TaKMM 06pa30~,npogeccy
UXMMMM, T O 3 T 0 IIPOMCXOAMT O T 'iPl23MePHOrO BHMMa-
HMR, H O eCAM O H Y A e p X M B X T C X O T BMeILlaTeAbCTBa B TO,
' I T 0 C O B e p U I e H H O C ~ O K O ~ ~ HTO
O ,3 T 0 6naro~apnc ~ o 6 o ~ e
O T U p e 3 M e p H O r O BHMMaHMX. OTPMIJZWMC B e A e T K TyIIOC-
TM M IIYTaHMIJC, a v e 3 M e p H O e BHMMaHMe K P Z C e X H M H )
A y X a M XM3HeHHOCTM; M T O M A p y r O e - rpy6are 01~146-
KM, KOTOPblX A O A X e H ~ 3 6 e r a ~ b~ ~ K T M K ~ ~ O U J M ~ .
 ) I < M ~ H ~ HAbIXaHMe,
Ho~ KOTOPOe P a C ~ ~ C T P ~ 5 I C l " l ' I I
BO BCe 'faCTH TeAa, IIBMeTCII CMePTHbIM AbIXaHHeM; eCAM
er0 K p e n K O Y A e p X U B a T b , TO 6 y ~ XMBHb,
e ~ HO eCAM O H 0
6 y ~ PacCeclBaTbCX,
e ~ T O r A a X H 3 H b n p H A e T K KOHLJy, M3
3TOrO B M r H O B e H H e O K a B 0 3 H M K Z T 6 e c c ~ e p r ~HAM e
CMePTHOCTb.
Ha 3TOM 3 T m e , KOrAa yxe 3 a A O X e H O OCHOBaHMe, M
B e IJeH.Tb1 H KZlHWbl IIpoqMrrJeHbl U H e O C T a O C b HHKa-
KMX ~ ~ V I I ~ H ~ eCAM
H M ~ P, ~ K T M K ~ I O L H
I JeMM~M~e e T C u b -
HOG noUep>KKu B auge ccoek ~ e n p e u o ~ ~pemw- oii
MOCTM, AOnyCKaeT n p o 6 y x ~ e ~CTpaCTM~e IIpH B u e
KPaCHBbIX ~ O P M H I I 0 3 B O I U I ~ TAyxy MATH no CAeAaM IryB-
CTBeHHbIX B ~ ~ n p c l ~ ~ TO M i inOCKOAb3H'jBLUMCb
, p a , OH
CAeAaeT ~ € ? C ~ J ~ A ~ H BCe~ I M npep,bIp,ylgMe
U ycnexu. TO
BCe p m H 0 q T O BbIBOPa'lMBaHMe COAepXMMOrO KOP3MHbI
IlpM ee OtIpOKMAblBaHMM BBepX AHOM.
B o c n p o u ~ ~ o ~ ~ e n n M e T c r r HU
c uuA Ja H ~a~epweii,
HM $ O P M O ~ ~ ;K O W a O H a OCTaeTCX B T e A e , O H a RBMeTCSI
XM3HeHHOCTbI0, a eCAU O H a YXOAMT, TO O H a OKaXC3TCX
no~onoiiXMAKOCT~KI. OH^ y x y ~ m a e ~ c nop,
rr A ~ ~ c T B M ~ M
p ~ o c ~ rtrena,
c e M u c~pac~eii: u, roprr, c-rpaxa, A I O ~ B M ,
HeHaBHCTH I4 XeAaHMII, KOTOPble B O ~ A ~ ~ C T B Y I OHTa
CepAlJe, M KpOMe 3 T O r 0 ek B P M T AeC5ITb BpeAHbIX H3-
AHIlleCTB M AeBIlTb HeyCTWOBAeHHbIX ~ b ~ ~ W ~ - l lOH^
lk.
pacr[yoc?patweTca B TeAe no B ~ M ~ H ~ A ~ ECAM
K M . oHa
IIOBOPaqMBZTCII BCnllTb no CpaBHeHHIO C O ~ ~ I Y H ~ I M
3eMHbIM IlyTeM, TO ee MOXHO w 6 p a ~ H
b BePHYTb B HC-
XOAHYIO n0AOCTb nOA n y n K O M , M 6 ~y e~ AO-
6ecc~ep~ e ~
CTHrHyTO.
C e ~ b l OCTPaCTIIMU, HWOCIIKIJMMM yu~ep6X M 3 H e H -
HOCTM, IIBIUIIOTCR: ~ M ~ b ~ BOCTOPr
b l k ( I l o B p e ~ ~ CepA-
a e ~
qe) , ~ ~( n e q e ~ b );
C M A ~ H r~HIe B rope ( ~ e r ~ u,ecTpax
)
( ~ e A l r ~ b 1n6y s b l p b ) , A W ~ O B(AYX),
~ HeHaBMCTb ( x ~ P ~ K -
~ e p )H CMAbHOe X e A a H M e ( X ~ A Y A OAKe )c .r r ~ b mM3AM-
IIleCTBaMM, HaHOCIIIIJMMM yryep6 XH3HeHHOCTM, EIBA5I-
IOTCII: q p e 3 M e p H a R x o ~ b 6 a( ~ O P T M TH ~ P B ~ I )Y, P e 3 M e p -
H o e CTOIlHHe (KOCTH) , Ype3MepHOe CMAeHMe ( ~ p o ~ b ) ,
s p e 3 ~ e p ~ b ICOH
f i p ee3 )M, e p H U pa-
( ~ p o ~ o o 6 p a y e ~q ~
AOCTb ( B O C I I ~ ~ H ~ B O & H U JcHAY),
~H) ' S p e 3 M e p H O e P-MaT-
PHBaHHe IIpeAMeTOB (AYX), pa3rOBOpbI (~bIxaUUe),
'Ipe3MepHbIe pa3MbIILlAeHMX ( X ~ A Y A O Ype3MepHZM
K),
eAa (cep~LJe)H CeKCYaAbHbIe H3AMIUeCTBa.
A e ~ x HeyCTaHOBHBILlUXCX
~ b ~ b 1 ~ Z U l M fBbI3blB;UOTCX:
i
rHeBOM, K 0 ~ 0 p b l f i IIOAHUMZT, H CTpaXOM, ~ 0 ~ 0 p b Ino-
f i
HWKZT AbIXaHUe; P ~ & O C T ~ H ) ,KOTOP~X 3 a ~ e ero;
~ e ~
r O p e M , KOTOpOe p a 3 6 p ~ b l ~ ero;
a e ~ yXXOM, ~ o ~ o p b ~ f
IIpepbIBZT er0; pa3MbIIIIAeHHeM, KOTOpoe CKOBbIBZT

er0; T X X e A b I M W A O M , K O T O P ~ IHCTOIIJaeT
~~ er0; Xapofi,
K0TOpa.H p a C C e H B Z T er0; XOAOAOM, KOTOP~IG c 0 6 ~ p a e ~
ero.
ECAH I I ~ ~ K T V I K ~ H ) I I XO'leT
J M ~ ~ c o 6 p a ~ bMaKpoKOCMM-
~ l e c K H f i~ A X U M M Y ~ C K3 M
A e~M~e H T AAH OKOHeUHOrO np-
p b I B a , OH A O A X e H O C T e p e r a T b u I 3THX CeMH ~TpX~efi,
AeCHTU H3AHUIeCTB M AeBXTM ~ ~ C I I O P I I A O ' I H ~ I ~Xb l X a H H f i .
ECAM OH H e co6epe.r 3 T O r 0 3 A e M e H T a &Ul OKOH'4aTeAbHO-
l'0 I I p p b I B a , HO AMIUb 3 a H U M Z T W I APYrHMH MeTOAaMM,
KOTOpbIe C0OTBeTCTByH)T A B e H w r J a T M yXe M3AoXeHHbIM
3 T a I I a M , TO M T O r A a OH C M O X e T IIpOAAMTb CBOH) X H 3 H b M
IIOAyYHTb O T H e e MHOrO IIPMRTHOrO.
Te, KT0 M O T c o 6 p a ~ bMMKPOKOCMMS~CKM~~
;MXM-
M M ' I ~ C K H3AeMeHT,
~ HO H e 3 H W T , KaK A ~ ~ C T B O B HAM
~T~,
K a K IIOCAeAOBaTeAbHO c y 6 a m ~ p o ~ aer0
~ bO r H e M , Ha-
 HPMrOTOBAEHME SAMKCMPA EECCMEPTMII 21 1

n p X H 0 T P a T R T YCMAHX M3-3a CeMH C T ~ XMT ~ ~

CeKCy-
a b H b 1 X C O ~ A ~ ~ H OBB0 ,3 H M K ; u o y M X OT IJBeTa, $OPM~I,
Mwepbl ce6x BeCTM, P e V H ( ~ o A o c ~MXrKOCTM
), M BHeIU-
HMX y e p .
K ~ me
K n p M TOM A O C T H V ~6 e c c ~ e p ?~ ~ n
H e ~ o ~ o p b rMe 3 p W T 3 T a n b I OVclIJJeHWl OrHeM M
~ X C V M T ~ I B ~ I OATO C T M Y ~~ ~ C C M ~ P T M
HOI I OHM
, He oco3~a-
IOT, VTO T a K O e MCIlOAb30BaHMe OrHX 1 1 0 ~ 0 6 BbIpaLIJM-
~0
B W IJBeTOB 3 M ~ 0 f i ; CAMIUKOM MHOrO Xapa IIpMBeAeT K
p a cnT e H M x , a ecAM OHO 6 y ~ cAa-
y c b r x a ~ u mcl r ~ 6 e ~ e ~
6 b 1 ~ . TO H e 3 a g ~ e H ~H e e~n p u H e c e T nAoAoB.
O r 0 ~ bH e A O A X e H 6 b 1 ~ bCAMIUKOM CMAbHbIM MAM
CAMUrKOM C A ~ ~ ~ IaMAOAXeH
, 6 b 1 ~ bK a K pa3 B Mepy. TO
me caMoe noAyrlMTcx, K o r A a B ~ n
I paKTuKyeTe nocneAo-
BaTeAbHym c y 6 ~ ~ ~ a gOur Hm
eM, IIOTOMY ' I T 0 eCAM BbI
AeAZTe ee n p a B M A b H 0 , Bbl M O X e T e 6 b l ~ b
YBepeHbI, ' I T 0
CO3AqMTe 6ecwep~~o e
CeMX.

Bonpoc: YTO TaKoe 6 e c c ~ e p ~ Gem,

oe KaK V e A o o e K c o s ~ a ero
e~
M KaK y 3 H Z T , C03peAO O H 0 HAM H ~ T ?

OTB~T:
K o r ~ aBOCnpoM3BO&HYaJI c u A a IIOAHMMZTCX, V T O ~ ~CO-
I
eAMHMTbC5I C C ~ J J J H O C T H O ~ ~I I p M p o ~ ~ fniO
, Ka3bIBZTCX 6e-
~ b l f CBeT
i XM3HeHHOCTM, OH n o ~ o 6 eAYHHOMY
~ CBeTy M
er0 IIOAHOTa COOTBeTCTByeT IIOAOBMHe g e A O m . Kor~a
XM3HeHHOCTb O n y C K Z T C X , s ~ 0 6 b 1 COeAMHMTbCX C Beq-
HOG XM3HbH3, TO I l O K a 3 b l B ~ T C X~ O A O T OCBeT.
~~
OH H M e e T KPXHOB~TO-X~AT~IGy D e T M er0 nOAHOTa
COOTBeTCTByeT Apyr0k nOAOBMHe. C O ~ A M HT~o H r0 M
M~
A p y r O r O C B e T a C O 3 A X T TO IJeAOe, KOTOpOe M IlBAHl?TCX
~ ~ C C M ~ ~CeMeHeM.
H ~ I M ~ O C A
TOrO,
~ KaK " A y ~
A p a I ' ~ y e ~ ~ ~BepHeTCfi
~ ~ b " K CBOeMy MCTOVHMKY (B
H M X H ~VaCTH
~ ~ X M B O T ~ ) , T O r A a O A H O H a n p a B A e H H O e CO-
CpeAOTOVeHMe H a H e M CO B p e M e H e M BbI30BeT IIOllBAeHMe
M B K p a n A e H u e JOAOTO~O c B e T a B 6 e ~ b r f iB n p o M e m y T K e
M e m y 6 p o ~ ~ ~~ Tu 3O.a p o ~ b l I U6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~coe M
roeHM,
~ 0 3 ~ a H ~ b lCOeAHHeHMeM
f i B O C I I ~ ~ M ~ B Oy&eH
k CMAbI,
XM3HeHHOCTH M AyXa B OAHO LJeAOe. K o r ~ TeAO
a BHy'lpM
H a n O A H e H O MM, T O r A a C H a p y X M lTOKa.XeTCJi CBeT. TOT
6eabrfi M ~ O A O T O
CBeT
~ ~ n 0 ~ 0 6 ~ bnOAOXMTeAbHOMy
1 M OT-
PMLJaTeAbHOMy KOHIJaM 3AeKTPM'leCKOrO npOBOAa, a CO-
eAMHeHMe ~ o c n p o ~ 3 ~ o CMAbl,
~ y e kXM3HeHHOCTM M Ay-
xa n o ~ o 6 T~ooK y , 6e3 KOTOPOm H e T M CBeTa. T a ~ 06-
w
p a 3 0 M , eCAM A B a C B e T a H e CMeUI;UOTCIl BHYTPM, TO CHa-
PyXM He 6 y ~ OCBellJeHPlH.
e ~ MX COeAHHeHMe BbI3bIBaeT-
CIl CMeLUeHMeM nRTM XM3HeHHblX ~ b 1 x a H ~ (CM.
fi HHX~)
B OAHY XM3HeHHOCTb +$AX B b I p a y H B W W l 6ecc~ep~~o
CeMeHM BHM3y X M B O T a Be3 ITePeMeUIMBMMII 3TMX nRTM
~ b 1 x W M f iH e IIOXBMTCX M ~ O A O T OCBeT.
~
~ T M
AbIXWIWl IIPMXOAXT OT XH3HeHHOCTM B n0AOC-
TM HWKHeTO ~ U H B
ttW1HJI, OTKyAa OHM P a C I l P O C T p W I O T -
C5l no n5lTM COCyAaM: B AerKMe, KaK X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXa-
HMe 3 A e M e H T a M e T W a ; B CepALJe KaK X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXa-
HMe 3 A e M e H T a OrHII; B n e ' I e H b KaK X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXWUe
3 A e M e H T a A e p e B a ; B XeAyAOK KaK X H 3 H e H H O e AblXWMe
3 A e M e H T a 3eMAM H B HMXHIOIO 'I'XTb X M B O T a KaK XM3-
H e H H O e AbIXaHMe 3 A e M e H T a BOAbI.
BTMn a T b ~ b 1 ~ a HM
~ Of Vi T 6 b 1 ~ bHAM CMAbHbIMM, HAM
C A ~ ~ ~ I MHO
M ,eCAM OHM CAMUIKOM CMAbHbIe U M CAMUI-
KOM c ~ a 6 b l e ,TO OHM BbI3blBalOT ~ O A ~ ~ Ha M
eCAM
, OHM
IIpenIlTCTByIOT IIpaBMAbHOMy @~HKLJMoHMPOB~HMIO
Tor0
U M MHOrO O p r a H a , TO 3 T 0 M O X e T OKa3aTbCX I I P M ' I M H O ~
n a p a w a UAM ~ O A ~ ~6epu-6ep.
H M
K o r ~ aI I p a K T M K a 3aCTaBAIleT BCe n R T b XM3HeHHblX
~b1xi3HMfi BePHJITbCR K MCTO'IHMKy ( ~ O A~ ~ I ~ K o MXM3-
),
HeHHOCTb aKTMBM3MPYeTCII M H a ' I M H E T LJMPKYAMPOBaTb
no BCeMy TeAy, ITOAHMMMCb OT OCHOBaHMR nO3BOHO'IHM-
K a K M a K y I u K e rOAOBbI M 0TP;lmM c e p e 6 p a ~ b 1 kCBeT
CnHHHOrO M03l'a. S ~ T O~H M
a npOHMKET B r O p A 0 M BHJIT-
p e H H M e O p r a H b I , YBeAM'IMBM CBOe CMJiHMe M CTWOBIlCb
K a K 6b1 n o ~ ~ oAf i~ H O c~ ~, ~ ~ ) yB ec ei piA g e . ECAM 3 ~ e -
M e H T O r H R CAMUIKOM CUAeH B CepAIJe, OH0 06o)~me
KPOBb, n 0 3 T O M Y I l p a K T M K y I O Y e M y CAeAyeT BO3AepXM-
BaTbC5l OT M3AMUIHMX Pa3rOBOPOB H P ~ ~ M L I U ~ A ~PTO-
HM~
6 a 1 YCnOKOMTb CBOe CepAIJe. TO YCnOKOeHMe YCMAMT
Bonpoc: K a K o ~ b lIIIeCTb C O C T O X H M ~ ~nOKa3bIB2UOUJMX,
, 'LTO 6ec-
C M e p T H O e Gem AOCTMWO ~ ~ B ~ P I I I ~ H H O C T M ?

OTB~T:
K o r ~ Ba l'Aa3a.X IlOXBMeTCH 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0CBeT,
k TbIAbHaJI ' L X T b
rOAOBb1 OUJYTMMO B M ~ P M P Y ~ TB, n p a B O M yxe CAbIIIIMTCII
IyAeHMe ApaKOHa, a B AeBOM - PbIKaHbi? T M r p a , O r O H b
BCnbIXMBaeT B H M X H e M ~ U M ??LXHe,
D TeAO K a K 6 b 1 IIy3bI-
PMTCX, C n a 3 M b I C X M M W T HOC M n 0 ~ 0 B O f i O p r 2 H BTXrH-
BaeTcn. BOT nPM3HaKM T o r o , TO 6 e c c ~ e p ~ cem
~ o e AO-
CTMFAO c~0efi3aBepLUeHHOCTM.
1. 3 0 ~ 0 ~ CBeT
06 B rAa3aX O T K p b I B X T CBeT CYLZJHOCT-
HOG nPMPOAb1, ~ 0 ~ 0 p b l O
f iC B e U J X T H C ~ K H M8 a~ H~ b W l X H b
M CO B P e M e H e M T O X e C A e A X T w I WAOTbIM, ' I T O ~ ~nIO K a -
3 a T b . IIOAHOTY CB~TRUJ~~~
BCOX
C I I F J O H ~ B O ~ I I JC~ U
~ b~ I ,
XH3HCHHOCTM M A y X a
2. r y ~ e A~p a~K OeH a n O K a 3 b I B a e T nOAHOTy X M 3 H e H -
HOCTM B B O C I I F J O H ~ B O P J ~ UCMAe.
J~~ K o r ~ aXM3HeHHOCTb
HanOAHXeT TOHKMe K2H;MbI H ~ P B H OM~ 3~ ~ e p r e ~ M l r e c ~ 0 6
CMCTeM, O H a nPOM3BOAMT HeXCHbIe 3BYKM.
3. P b l ~ a ~ T
bMe l p a - 3 T 0 3BYK nOAHOCTbH3 Pa3BIIB-
IIIeficX XM3HeHHOCTH, KOTOPaJI IlBlUIeTCX ~ K T U B H O ~ .
4. B O C I I P M H M M X M ~ J I CAYXOM B H ~ P ~ I J M I IB 3aTbIAKe
0 6 ~ a p y r n m ~ aCMAy
e ~ OrHX B B O C I I F J O M ~ B O A X L Z JCMAe,
~~~
XM3HeHHOCTM M AyXa; O H a OTAM'laeTCX OT A O X H O r O TM-
na ~ ~ymax.
O ~ H X ,B ~ I ~ ~ I B ~ I O rIyIAJ B O
5. n b 1 ~ ~ U J M fOir O H b B IIOAOCTM H M X H e r O aalcb
VZRHR, onanrrtoyufi nO'LKM, BO3HMKXT OT IlOAHOTbI BOC-
J e f i M XM3HeHHOCTM; H ~ ~ ~ ~ X HCO
n p o ~ 3 ~ 0 ~ ~ 1 U CHAbl O C T ~
CTOpOHbI IlpaKTMKyEOUJerO M O X e T BbI3BaTb HO'LHOC MC-
IIYCKaHHe " ~ p a r 0 ~ e ~B~LZJU",
~ 0 6 n O T O M y 'LTO O n X H O ,
KOrAa TOnAMBO HaxOAMTCX 6 ~ ~ OT 3 OrHR.
~ 0
6. TO KaCXTCX C ~ O C O ~ H O C T M
IIOAOBOrO O p r a H a CO-
KpaUJaTbCX, TO OH BTXrMBXTCII BHyTPb, K a K Y p e 6 e ~ B ~a
 y K O T O p o r O OH BblXOAMT H a p y X y
M ~ T ~ P M H C Ky~po6e,
O~~
AMIIIb K O r A a p e 6 e ~ 3PKPMYHT
o~ n p M n0XBAeHMM H a CBeT.
n0~a
OH BTRHeTCX, TO e C T b n O K a T p e H M p O B K a eye He
AaAa AOhmHOrO 3 $ $ e ~ ~ aO ,r O H b H e C A e A y e T OCTaslaBAM-
BaTb.
T ~ K O~ ~ M
P ~ ~ OUIeCTb
M , n p M 3 H a K O B yKa3blBaEOT H a
~ A ~ I ' o ~ ~ U A M
TOHM~e H
I T~ ~AAR OCTaHOBKM OrHA nYTeM
n p e K p a y e H u x p e r y l u r y u u A M X ~ H M X , 'ITO H B l u r e T c x nep-
BbIM LUarOM, ~ 0 ~ 0 p b l Cf A
i e A y e T COBeplUMTb H a ,$WHOM
3~ane.
Bonpoc: ECAM n o c A e IIpaKTMKM ABeHwLJaTM 3 T m O B , y K a 3 a H H b I X
BaMM, IIOllBMTCR BOAOTOG CBeT, 9 T O CAeAYeT A e A a T b A a b -
me ?
OTB~T:
~ ~ O B O A HBCe
T ~B?XM, KOHrJeHTpMPYX B;UU B3I'hRA H a
HMXHerO a a ~ b??WhVl, A 0 T e X n O p , n 0 K a n0AOCTb
C ~ Y H O C T H O n~p M p O A b 1 B CepArJe H e H a ' I H e T MCnyCKaTb
BCIIbluIKM OrHX B r A a 3 a . Ha6nro~aii~e
BCe 3T0 C ~ O K O ~ ~ H
A0 T e X n O p , n O K a B AAMTeAbHOM COCTORHMU TMIIIMHbI
3TM BCIIbIIIlKH H e n p O M 3 B e A y T 3OAOTOe CBe'feHMe, KOTO-
p O e XBlureTCX I I e p B b l M I l p o R B A e H M e M IIOAOXMTeAbHOrO
CBeTa. Ha 3 T O M 3 ~ a n ye B;U: AOlUKHbI 6 b 1 ~ 'bI e T b I p e ~eo6-
XOAMMbIe AA5i aAXUMMM lTPMHa&W2KHOCTM: Y T B a p b , AeHb-
I'M, IIOMOYHMKM M I I O A X O f l y e e MeCTO ,+U MeAMTaLJMM.
y ~ ~ a p b RBhReTCS:
I 0 K p y r ~ b ~Af ie p e ~ S i ~ ~ bI lt pf ei A M e T ,
noxoxwfi H a ~ p y r ~ y6my ~ ~ My ,O ~ T R H ~ TT ~K I~ ~~ H )
' I ~ 0 6 b 1C M f l H a H e M , C X U M a T b ;HYC; H M a T e p ' I a T m 3a-
T b I q K a , '1~06bl 3 a T b I K a T b H03APM. A e ~ b r MC A y X a T psuI
noKynKu nwyn npaKTuKywyero M ero noMoyHu-
KOB. ~ O M O ~ H M K ~ RBlurIOTCR
M M Apy3bR, T Z X e n p a K T U -
KytQrrJMe aAXMMMlQ. M~CTOM
XBMeTCR c ~ o K o ~ ~XM-
H Z ~
X M H P HAM XpaM, p a C n O A O X e H H b l e H e CAMUIKOM AaAeKO
OT ropoAa T O A ~ Kn oOc A e 0 6 e c n e l r e ~ m ~ T M Xv e T b I p e x
~ C A O B MM~O~X H O O T n p a B M T b C R B l'OPbI &AS CDePlIIeHMIi
nocAeAsero mara
ECAH XOTb OAHO M3 HMX H e BbIIlOAHeHO, OH H e AOA-
X e H I I p a K T M K O B a T b MeTOA 0CT;LHOBKM O M ; OAH2KO OH
 C M O X e T C O ~ H P ~MTH~K P O K O C M H ' I ~ C K H ~ ZLAXPIMMY~CKMG
3 A e M e H T , ' I T O ~ ~IIPOAAHTb
I CBOH) X H 3 H b M W a T b B03-
MOXHOCTH IIPOAOAXaTb CBOH) KIpaKTHKy.

Bonpoc: ~ o x ~ A Y ~ c THay'iMTe
~ , MeHR cnoco6y OCTZlHaBAHBaTb
O r O H b TOK, 9 ~ 0 6 0~ 61 e c n e ~' I e~T b~I p e ~ e o 6 x o ~ ~ yc-
~ b r x
AOBWI, R MOI. 6 b 1 OTnPaBHTbCR B r O P b I &M n p o A o l \ m e -
HMX nPaKTMKM.

OTB~T:
~ O C IAt e p~B O r O nPORBAeHHR n O A O X H T e A b H O r 0 OlTDl, K a K
G ~ I A OO ~ % R C H ~ HBbILUe,
O I I P ~ K T M K ~ I O I I J HA~O A X e H n o A y -
'IHTb ' I e T b I p e H ~ O ~ X O A H M ~ npMHa&V3KHOCTM
IX HATM B
C ~ O K O ~ HMeCTO,
O ~ me OH A O A X e H n p O A O l \ m a T b n O A A e p -
X U B a T b COeAHHeHHe C m T a C ~ I J J H O C T H O ~n~P H P O A b 1 CO
CBeTOM f iM 3 H H . CO
~ e ' I ~ 0X BpeMeHeM 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0CBeT
6
BHOBb B H e 3 m H O I l O K Z e T C R , HO r O p a 3 A O 6onee R P K M ~ ;
3 T 0 BTOpOe IIOXBAeHHe n O A O X H T e A b H O r 0 CBeTa. T e n e p b
OH A O A X e H IIPaKTMKOBaTb MeTOA 0CTaHOBKt-I O r M &M
TOrO, 'ITo~~
c oI 6 p a ~ b M ~ K P O K O C M M ' I ~ C K H3~A e M e H T .
T p e ~ b enpoXBAeHMe n O A O X M T e A b H 0 ~ OrHX 6 y ~ eB ~
K O p H e OTAM'IHbIM OT n e P B b I X ABYX. O C T ~ H O B M T O
~ rOHb
- 3T0 3Ha'IHT OCTaHOBMTb P e q A M P O B a H H e CBOerO AbIXa-
HHIl H YMPKYAHPOB;HCUI X H 3 H e H H O r O B03AyXa. KOTOPbIe
T e n e p b AOAXHbI 6 b r ~ b3 a M e H e H b I CepAIJeM, AYXOM H
MbICAbH), KOTOPble CO'I~TalOTCR, ' I T o ~ nOAHXTbCX
~I Ha-
BepX no K M M y 'jnpaBAeHMR aJJMo B nO3BOHO'IHMKe H
BHH3 no K W M y 3a'IaTbR X 3 H b NO.
OAH~KO
OH H e A O A X e H n p e ~ e 6 p e r a -HM
~ b H a MHHYTy
BHyTPeHHMM X a p O M , nOTOMy YTO, n0CTyna.H T a K , M O X -
HO OXAwCITb X U 3 H e H H O C T b , K0TOP;LII AOluKHa IlyTeM
KOHIJeHTPaIJHH B C e r A a I l O M e p X H B a T b C X ~ennofi.
C ~ Y T H H IK
I pU
aKTMKylouJerO AOAXHbI c ~ a 6 x a er0
~ b
IIMyefi M IIMTbeM, ' I ~ 0 6 b l OH M O r I l p O A O A X a T b CBOH)
npaKTHKy 6e3 M3AHIlIHMX nOMCX.
CO B p e M e H e M I I P ~ K T H K ~ I O U J HE~ T
~ y n M T B AeMOHM-
'IeCKHe COCTOXHHX, KOTOPbIe I l O P O m T BMAeHMII pa.H BO
BCeM er0 BeAM'IHH C n p e K p a C H b I M M C w a M M M BOAOeMa-
MU, MAM BHAeHHX a&a CO CTpa.lllHbIMU, BbI3blBaIOyUMM
F n e T , rOAOBaMM M AclrJaMM, C H e n p e p b I B H O M e H X K I y M -
MMCX $OPM;IMM. ECAH O H He cnoc06e~M3I'HaTb 3TM BM-
AeHMX, BbI3blBaeMbIe I1XTbKI COBOKYnHOCTXMM, a TaK>Ke
M BMAeHMX X e H L y M H M AeByLUeK, CMyrrJ2lOrrJMX er0, T o r -
ba O H A O A X e H YCnOKOMTb CBOe CepAlJe (JIM), KOTOPMe
A O A X H b I C T a T b XCHbIMM M BHYTPM, M BO BHeLUHMX npo-
XBAeHMXX. n p a 5 M ~ b ~ b l fMeTOA
i 3aKAIorlaeTCX B TOM,
Y T O ~ ~
H Ie BMAeTb TO, ' I T 0 3 P U M 0 , M H e CAbILUaTb TOrO,
YTO CAbIIllUMO, HO YCepAHO COCpeAOTarl UBaTbCX H a BHyT-
P H H e M , C M O T T b H a T O q K y Me*)' FAa3aMM M n p a K T M -
KOBaTb c e ~ b ~ o 3f Ti a n ( r ~ a B a VII), q ~ 0 6 b 1 n p o B e C T M
XM3HeHHOCTb r e p 3 W T b I p e OCHOBHbIe TOYKM A, D,G M
!. >TO C p a 3 y me y6epe.r BCe AeMOHMqeCKMe n p e n X T c T -
BMX.
Bb1 AOAXHbI 3 H a T b , ' I T 0 3TM IIpeIIXTCTBWl CO3AWTCX
OTPMIJaTeAbHbIM X U 3 H e H H b I M AbIXaHMeM , OC-
[UWB-yu]
T;UOIJJMMCX BO BHYTPeHHOCTXX. T ~ KK a K Ilpar<TMKyKI-
y ~ f Ti e n e p b YYBCTBYeT, YTO OTPMLJaTeAbHbIe AblXaHWl
CMAbHbI, B TO Bpf3I.H K a K nOAOXMTeAbHbIe A b l X W U A eye
c ~ a 6 b 1 ,O H A O A X e H T e n e p b BparrJaTb rAa3a C TeM, q ~ 0 6 b 1
BnyCTMTb IIOCAeAHMe BbInyCTHTb npoYb IlepBble, M
3 T H M y 6 p a ~ bBCe npenXTCTBMX, KOTOpbIe C p a 3 y Xe MC-
Ye3KyT. T a ~ u eIlpf2nXTCTBMII. BbI3blBWTCX AYPHbIMM
M b I M M c l , BOBHMKWLIJUMM B CepArJe ( Y M ~ ) , KOTOpble
M3MeHPKIT IIOAOXMTeAbHbIe X M 3 H e H H b I e Ab1X;UIMX H a
OTpMIJaTeAbHbIe M MeLU W T nPOXBAeHMXM W X nOA0-
XMTeAbHblX or~efi,a T a K X e pa3BMTMW MaKPOKOCMMYeC-
KOrO iMXMMM'IeCKOr0 3AeMeHTa. BTOT H ~ A O P ~ ~ B M
3 A e M e H T H e M O X e T W 3 A a T b nOAHOCTbKI IlOAOXMTeAbHOe
TeAO AAIf OKOHY a T e A b H O r 0 I l P O P b l B ~ M0fi H'XTaJ3HHK
AXO K ~ H
c~a3an:" n p ~
nepooM nponnAeHuu noAoxu-
TeAbHOrO C B e T a BbI AOAXHbI C p a 3 y xe 0 6 e c n e v c l ~ b1 ~ 6 1 1
Me M e H T a M M &M ~ u b ~ e f i
Y e T b l p b M I l H ~ O ~ X O ~ U M ~ I3 A
Illefi UPaKTMKM. K o r ~ aOH ( I ~ O A O X M T ~ A ~CHB~~ IT~) n0-
~
XBMTCX no ~ ~ o p opa3,
i i Bar A O A X H ~ I cpa3y x e o c ~ w o -
BMTh O r O H b , q ~ 0 6 b l C 0 3 A a T b M ~ K P O K O C M U Y ~ C K;MXH-
M~
~ u ' r e c ~ u3AeMeHT.
k K o r ~ aO H nPOXBMTCIl B T p e ~ ~pfai ,
 Bbl 4OiVKHa HeMeAAeHHO c o 6 p a ~ b M~KPOKOCMMU~CKMG
~ . A X M M U Y ~ C K3HA~e M e H T A M 3aBePllleHMX IlpOPbIBa,
q ~ o 6 a 1n p e o 6 p a 3 o ~ a ~XbH 3 H e H H O C T b B AyX M 3aTeM
n e p e f i ~OT
~ npOCTOr0 B CaKpaAbHOe COCTOXHMe, M T a -
KMM 0 6 p a 3 0 ~IIOKMHYTb WCTOXHMe ~ ~ ~ M ~ T ~ X H O C T M ,
9 ~ 0 6 b 1 IIORBMTbCIl B ~ ~ C ' I M C A ~ H H ~TIeX
A a X IIpeBp;lu)e-
HMG" .
O K O H ~ ~ ~ AOCTMXeHMe T ~ A ~ H OAeAaeTCX
~ BO3MOXHblM
G ~ a r o ~ a pI lnp O p b l B y , XBMlOrrJeMyCX rAaBH bIM IIIarOM.
Bonpoc: He MOI'AM 6 1 1 BbI AeTaAbHO O ~ S R C H M TCYTb
~ Tpex IIpOHB-
A ~ H M GIlOAOXMTeAbHOrO OrHR ?
OTB~T:
ECAM IlOCAe OCTMOBKM OlW5l ~ ~ ~ K T M K J ~ H J U
H eJ M
3H~~
XT
HMlIerO OTMOCHTeAbHO M e T O A a c6opa MaKpOKOCMM'leC-
K O M a.AXHMM'leCKOr0 3 A e M e H T a , T O r A a ~OAOXMT~A~H~IG
O r O H b H e IIOKa)l<eTCX B TTMG p a . ECAH OH I I O A P M A
H W e X H b l e YKa3MMX OT OnblTHOrO H a C T a S H H K a M 3 H X T ,
KaK c o 6 p a ~ b
3 A e M e H T HeMeAAeHHO IlOCAe OCTaHOBKM O r -
HR, T O r A a nOAOXMTeAbHWl XM3HeHHOCTb B l J e H T P e HWK-
H e r o aalcb ??lXHJl Bbl30BeT M3A)NeHMe 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ Coe r- o
MCHM. T ~ KaK
K CBeT C ~ Y H O C T H O npMpOAb1
~ B MCXOAHO~~
noAocTM A y x a ( q e z q o 3a e e~n e) p b CKOH-
~ e m 6 p o ~ b T
YeHTpMpoBaH H W K e n y n K a , TO n 0 ~ 0 X M ~ e ~ b ~ CBeT
b l f i
XM3HCHHOCTM B 3TOM nOCAeAHeM LJeHTPe 6 y ~ BO3HO-
e ~
C.MTbCR BBepX, q ~ o 6 b rnpOXBMTbCR nepeA rAa3aMI4, 3TMM
3aCTaBMX o6a C B e T a COeAMHMTbCX M OCTaSaTbCX H e n o -
ABMXlibIMM, B TO B P e M KaK IlpOCTpaHCTBO M e m y rAa-
3aMH M IIynKOM 6 y ~ MCnyCKaTb
e ~ BCnbIIIIKM K p a C H O r O
30AOTOM CBeTa. ~ T M
ABa OrHX n 0 ~ 0 6 ~ bIIeCTMKy
1 M Tbl-
'lL4HKa.M B LJBCTKe, COeAMHeHMe KOTOpblX IIPMHOCMT
nAOA.
C ~ e ~ y l O r r J M f PMCYHOK
i nOKZ3blBaeT 0 6 ~ a c ~ KOH-
b
LJeHTpaLJHM ,$AX c6opa MaKPOKOCMM'leCKOfO a.AXMMMqeC-
KOrO 3 A e M e H T a C IIpORBAeHMeM nOAOXMTeAbHOr0 C B e T a
( ~ M c . 17).
M ~ T O COCTOMT
A B IIOCTORHHOM BblPaIIJMBaHMH M CO-
 Puc. 27
P a 3 y ~ l i b l eH X H B O T H b l e AYIlIU - XJWb H tU)

HeHMR HX TenAbIMM B T e A e . ECAM OHM nOAHOCTbH3 pa3BM-

T b l , OHM aDTOMaTM'leCKM COeAMHIITCII M HMKOrAP H e P a C -
CelOTCII, ' l ~ 0 6 b 1 W 3 A a T b ~ ~ C $ O P M ~ H BHH~ ~I U
~ ~ HCBeT.
M ~
H a 3TOM 3 T a n e I I ~ ~ K T M K ~ H ~ YYBCTBYeT
L I J M ~ ~ KaK 6b1 npe-
~ p a r y e ~ uH eo c o n o r o A ~ I X ~ H M IM
I ero nyAbcar n e p e c T a i o T
~ M T ~ C I I' I,T 0 CBMAeTeAbCTBYeT 0 nOAHOTe B ~ Y H O ~
XM3HM
IIOCAe TOrO, K a K BCe OTBeTBAeHMII B03BPaTMAMCb K KOP-
HH3, n p M ' l M ~ a COCpeAOTO'leHMII B I'OAOBe X M 3 H e H H b l X
A ~ I X ~ Hcepaya,
M ~ X e A y A K a , n e s e H w , A e r K M x M ~ u 3 XM-
a
B O T a 3aKAIo'laeTCH B CO~UP~HMM
MaKPOKOCMM'leCKOPO
aAXMMM'leCKOP0 3 A e M e H T a AAII OKOH'laTeAbHOrO H p O p b I -
B a
B Xy3fi M M H I33MH Y 3 H U l 0 CKa3aHO: " K o r ~ aCBeT
6 e ~ b r f iMAM ~ O A O T On p~o f l B A s e T c r r , r~o6k.1O T K P ~ I Tcy4-
~
HOCTHYlO I I p M p O A y , TOPAa I I ~ ~ K T M K ~ H ) UAJOM
AX~ e H 06-
PaTMTbCII K O n b I T H O M y HaCTaDHMKy, ' l ~ 0 6 b l nOAY'lMTb
y K a 3 a H M I I OTHOCMTeAbHO e P 0 C O ~ U P ~ M R .
 ECAM O H H e COCPeAOTO'IeH, O H PZlCCZeTCX, M I I p a K T M -
~ y m I l J V i f i YnYCTMT P e A K y I O B 0 3 M O X H O C T b , nOTOMY ' I T 0
CBeT BHOBb H e IIORBMTWI".
M ~ T OCAO ~ M P ~ H U X3~01-o C B e T a 3aKnIO'IaeTCX BO B p a -
YeHMM rAa3 OT A K D,G M J. ~ O C TAO r~O , K a K O H CO-
6p=, n p a ~ ~ l 4 K y I O L l J ~ fAi O A X e H c o 6 p a ~ bMaKPOKOCMM-
' l e ~ K M f i~ ~ \ x M M M ' ~ ~ c 3KAM
e M~e~H T , n O C A e T o r 0 K a K U l e C T b
O p r m O B nOKa'4HyTCX. ECAM O H H e C A e A Z T 3 T O r 0 , TO 6ec-
C M e p T H O e CeMA H e C M O X e T nOAHXTbCX K rOAOBe M OKOH-
 COFDMPAHME
MAKPOKOCMMUECKOrO
AAXMMMUECKOrO SAEMEHTA
OKOHYATEMHOrO llPOPbIBA

TOT MeTOA 3aKAlOYaeTCX B CMAeHMH B M O A ~ ~ A M B O

MeAMTarJMM, Y T O ~ ~npOBeCTM
I AyX M XM3HeHHOCTb B
IJeHTp H W K H e r O aalcb ?XXlcrr. ~ P ~ K T M K Y I ~ U AOMKeH
JH~~
CMAeTb H a AepeBXHHOM K p y X K e , p a 3 M e p O M C Mar\eHb-
q l O ~ Y A O ~ KHY1 1 0 K p b I ' t p T K m b W &U TOrO, q ~ 0 6 b 13a-
V b I T b CHH3Y C M ~ P H ~ 3aTBOP
I ~ ~ M TaKMM 0 6 p m 0 ~IlpeA-
OTBpaTMTb Y T e q K y XM3HeHHOCTH Y e p e 3 W M b H O e OT-
BepCTMe. O A H O B ~ ~ MH~
0 3H
A PH
HOAOAXHbI 6 b 1 ~ b3aKPbI-
TbI C B e p X y ~ a T e p q a ~ 0 3f ai T b 1 ~ ~ 0 f iq, ~ 0 6 b 1H e A a T b 003-
MOXHOCTb ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T H
CeMeHM
O M ~ y f i ~ M Yepe3 Hee.
n p e 6 b 1 ~ a aB 3 ~ 0 6n p 0 3 p a Y ~ o f iTHUIMHe, nPaKTMKYH3-
J.JJM6 A O A X e H ~ 3 6 e r a BCXKOrO
~ b H a I I p X X e H M M MCnOAb-
3OBaTb B M ~ ~ ~ I J M
XM3HeHHOCTM
K I AAH npOABMXeHW7 M
lIOAAepXwMX I I O A W M a MaKpoKOCMMYeCKOrO aAXMMM-
YeCKOrO 3 A e M e H T q K O T O P ~ I3~a ~T e M H a q H e T C'dM IIOAHH-
MaTbCJl lIpM HaAMYMI.1 COCTOXHMX M e H T a A b H O r O H e p a 3 A M -
VeHMR, HO OH HM B KOeM C A y Y Z H e AOIUKeH l I e P e A B M r a T b
er0 HaMepeHHO.
3 a ~ OeH ~A O A X e H n p a K T H K 0 B a T b MeTOAbI " ~ X T U
ApaKOHOB, IIOAAepXMBWyMX OAHOrO CBHTO~O",
''n0~'be~
TpeX nOB03OK B ropy", " C O C ~ MAaBAeHHX,
X,
UJMnaHMX M 3 a ~ p b l ~ a H M X "KOTOPbIe
, 6 y ~ y qn p~a B M A b H 0
l3blIIOAHeHb1, C 0 3 A U y T M ~ K ~ ~ K O C M H Y ~ C
3 AKe M e~H~T 3a
LUeCTb A H e M BMeCTO CeMM ~ ~ e fKia K, yKa3bIBXTCX B
KHHfaX.
TOT C O ~ P ; H n p M OTCYTCT-
3AeMeHT H e M O X e T 6 b 1 ~ b
BMH BblUleHa3B;U(HblX C O C T O R H M ~ ~M, eCAM Y IIPaKTMKYH3-
Y e r O H e T Y e T b I p e X H ~ O ~ X O A M M ~3IAXe M e H T O B , y K a 3 a H -
HbIX P a H e e . U ~ CBbIIUeHa3BaHHbIX
T ~ C O C T O R H M ~ ~KOTO-
,
P b I e IIPOXBAXIQTCX, K O r A a M ~ K P O K O C M M Y ~ C K MaAXMMM-
~~
Y e c ~ i 4 f i3 A e M e H T nOAHOCTbI0 Pa3BMACR, K a K ~ L I A O pa3'b-
XCHeHO B r A = e XII, He 0 6 ~ a p y x u s O~A~
H OcB p~e M e H -
HO B OAHH M TOT Xe AeHb.
C n e p ~ aXap p a 3 0 B b e T C X B IIOAOCTM H M m H e r O aalcb
T?LXFlX nOA n y n K O M , IIOCAe 'IeI'O nOYKM CTaHYT rOPX'IMMM,
K a K KMnXTOK. 3 a ~ Ma3a
e ~ n P X B X T c B O ~~ O A O T OMCXa-
~~
HM3M. ~ O C A
3 T ~0 r 0 IIOCAbILUMTCX P b I ' l W M e T l l r p a B Ae-
BOM yxe M ryn A p a K o t r a B IIpaBOM. 3 a ~ 3e a ~~ ~ 6 p ~ p y e
3aTbIAOK, n y 3 b I p b K M nOAHMMyTCX B T e A e M C n a 3 M b I CO-
' I p X C y T HOC. T ~ K O BUleCTb
~I BbIIUeHa3BaHHbIX COCTOX-
HMfi, y K a 3 b I B W y M X H a CQ3AaHMe MaKPOKOCMM'IeCKOrO
aAXMMMYeCKOr0 3AeMeHTa. OHM CQIIPOBOl&$aJOTCX OC-
A ~ ~ A ~ H MCTOYHMKa
M ~ M BOxAeAeHMX ( B X M ~ K ~ X H
) CO-
IIyTCTBylouJMM n p e o 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~ u eB ~
OCII~OM~BOAXIJJ~~~
C u b 1 B LJeAOCTHyHJ XCM3HeHHOCTb. K O r A a IIOCAeAHHX 3%
~ ~ 6 p ~ pTOy OeH~a BbIKpMCTaAAM3yeTCH
, B 6ecc~ep~~oe
cera M T O A ~ K OT o r A a n o ~ o ~ ooprw
ii come-rcrr, K ~ KB
MAa,$eHlreCTBe. BTOH a C T O X y e e W C T O X H M e BTXHYTOCTM,
npw K O T O P M n e H H C COKPayZIL?TCX M 6 0 ~ b m eH e npwxo-
AMT B COCTOXHMe 3PeKL)MM, YTO BbI3bIBZIL?T 3 a I l M p a H M e
noAonoro sa~nopaM 06ecnerunae~ n p e A o T n p a y e H u e
YTeYKM H a p y X y XMSHeHHOCTM. T ~ K M0M 6 p a 3 0 ~n p a K -
~ M ~ y t O y M AOCTMrWT
fi COCTORHUII 6ecc~ep~u11.
t v t e ~ o3 a~n n p a n ~ I In o A o B o r o 3 a T B O p a B KOHYMKe ne-
HHCa, 0 n M ~ W ~ b l BbIUIe,
f i CAYXMT TOAbKO AAII n p e A 0 T -
B p a y e H M R YTe'lKH H a p y X y X M 3 H e H H O C T H DO MMA CO-
XpWeHMII XM3HM. ~ O ~ T OI l M
a T P~M a p X AM C t O k - W b
c~a3an:"3a~poiiero Monam sa.~pokero, M TOALKO or-
Aa M O X e T 6 b 1 ~ AOCTMrHyTO
b e ; OH H e 6y-
6 e c c ~ e p ~ uecAM
A e T ABa>KAbI 3 a K p b I T , T O r A a 6ecc~ep~u11 AOCTMYb HeAb-
3 ~ " . ~ O ~ T Oc TM ~~M R 6 e c c ~ e p ~ u AOAXCeH
~ I I U . J M ~ ~ CK m
0 6 p a ~ ~ H a~ 3 bT O 0c06oe B H M M W H e .
BTOPMYHO~3 a K p b I T M e IlOAOB010 3 a T B O p a AOCTUraeT-
CII ~ @ + ~ K T M B H T
OP~~~H M P O B K O ~ K
, O T O P M nPMBOAMT K
TOMY, YTO OH 3 a K P b l B m C R CaMOnPOM3BOAbHO. Kor~a
TO n p o ~ 3 o f i ~nee~H,u c 6 o ~ b m yxe
e He HanpxxeTcn n
B O C I I ~ O U ~ B O A CMAbI
I I ~ ~ ~+$AX
~ C ~ ~ A M M ~ ~H
J H
e O
MC T W e T -
CII. TO KPK pa3 ~ 0 ~ ~ 0 ~ I IM lO M
y e~H T
f iAAII IIpeKpallJe-
HMR O r H R ( c o ~ A ~ B ~ ~ M o I ' opel'yAUpyeMbIM A~IXWM~M),
T a K YTO BCII BOCIIpoM3BOASiUJM CHAa, KOTOpaR 6 b l ~ a
O w i y e H a M H a K o n A e H a B IIM'IK~X, T e n e p b M o x e T 6 b l ~ b
npeo6pa3onaa B 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ceM. o e K o r ~ a3 o ~ o ~ o f
CBeT 3TOrO 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ CeMeHMoro B I l e p B b l e IIOKa>KeTCX
IIepeA er0 rAa3aMM, IIP~KTHKYSOLIJM~~ A O A X e H HeMeAAeH-
1x6s
HO 0 6 e c n e r ~ ~ 9 ' I e T b I p b M A H ~ O ~ X O A U M ~ I 3MAHe M e H -
TaMM, TaKMMM KOK ~ p e 6 y e ~ b 1npMHaPs\eXHOCTM,
e eAa,
CnYTHMKM M C ~ O K O ~ ~MeCTO
H O ~ AAII 6 o ~ e e~ ~ O A B M H ~ T
npaKTMK1.l.
ECAM OH eye MOAOA M y H e r 0 e C T b POAMTeAM H AeTM,
3a KOTOPbIMM OH AOlOKeH ITpUCMaTpMBaTb, T O r A a O H H e
M O X e T YAaAMTbCII B r O P b I , Y T O ~ L IIlPaKTMKOBaTbUl AA5l
n p O p b I B a M OKOHY a T e A b H O r 0 BbIXOAa 3a I I p e A e A b l MMP-
CKOI'O. O A H ~ KOHO IIBAReTCII 3 e M H b I M MYAPeLJOM, CBO-
M ~cex
~ O A H ~ IOT 6 o ~ e 3 ~ e Mf i~ a c ~ ; u ~ a a m y ~
u o~ ~c rx o f
)I<M3HbIO. ECAM er0 POAMTeAM YMePAM M AeTM yXe Bbl-
POCAM M C T a M He3aBMCMMbIMM M y H e r 0 H e T MXAMBeH-
IJeB, 3 a KOTOPbIMH OH AOIUKeH yXa>KMBaTb, T o r @ OH
AONKeH ~ ~ I C T0 6~e cOn e ' l t t ~ b -611 3 T W M 'IeTbIpbMA H e -
O~XOAHM~IMM
3AeMeHTaMM.
~ O 3AeMeHTaMM
A n O A p a 3 y M e B W T u I I I p e A M e T b I , MC-
n O A b 3 y e M b I e BO B p e M I l er0 ~ ~ O A B M H Y TlIPaKTMKH,
O~~ Ta-
KHe KaK ~ e p e ~ I I ~ ~ Kbp1y X i K iV\X Cl4AeHWl H a H e M M
f O
MaTepvaTaIe ~ ~ T ~ I V K H Hoca; n o A e ~ o f ni o A p a 3 y M e n a -
eTCR COOTBeTCTBylOrrJee c ~ a 6 x e I~I M~T W
e U e M H a CpOK
OT T X A 0 AeBRTH AeT; nOA CnYTHHKaMH I I O A p a 3 y M e B a -
IOTCR T e , K T 0 3;LHHMaeTCR ~ 0 f Xe
i I I ~ ~ K T H KMO AaAH
~ ~
KARTBY n O M O r a T b e M y B AOCTWKeHHH ~ O C T ~ B A ~ H ye-
H O ~ ~
AH, a nOA C ~ O K O ~ H ~MeCTOM
I M MMeeTCII B BMAy A P ~ B H M ~ ~
MOHaCTbIpb MAH K ~ K U - H H ~ Y Ar O~ p a , Y A M e H -
AZWCCKM~~
HaJl OT H X e A e H H b I X rOpoAOB M THXHX K A U ~ H U J , H a KO-
~ 0 p b 1 f i O ~ H ~ P ~ X H B W T C IOI ' I p H y a T e A b H b I e [HH~CKM~]
BAHRHHII. P ~ K O M ~ H A Y ~ T C
~ IbI l 6 ~ l p CTaPMHHbIe
a ~ b XMAM-
UJa, B K O T O P ~ I I~I~p e X H M e HaCTaBHHK1.l AOCTHI'aAM 6ec-
CMePTMX, nOCKOAbKy OHM C B O ~ O A H ~
OTI MeIIlaJOrrJMX Ae-
MOHOB H ~ P ~ K T H K Y ~ ~ M
~O~X
J eMT GIIOAb3OBaTbCII B HHX
3 a y u ~ o f CBOHX
i IIPOCBeTAeHHbIX lIPeAUIeCTBeHHMKOB.
~ ~ C C M ~ ~ CeMA
T H O B~ RHqKaX IIMTaeTCR nOAOX1.l-
T ~ A ~ HXM3HeHHOCTblO
O ~ TOAbKO TOI'Aa, K O r A a IIOCAeA-
HRR B03BPaTHTCX K CBOeMy HCTO'IHUKy B JJeHTpe H U X -
H e r 0 aalcb mRW. 30~0~0fi
CBeT IIOKa.?KeTCX DO B T O P ~ ~
pa3 3TO
~ O C A ~ r 0 IIORBAeHHII 3 0 A O T O m C B e T a IIOAOXM-
TeAbHaJl XH3HeHHOCTb, T e n e p b IIOAHM, 3 a M e H M T ~0606
oc~a6e~urne
XH3HeHHOe AbIXaHMe, V T O ~ ~
pa3BMBaTbCR
I
AZlAbIIle.
B cnysae ~n6pagwnA ~ I X ~ H M IXI p a K ~ M K y l o r r ~ M AOA-
fi
X e H c o 6 p a ~ b~ A x M M H ' I ~ c K H3 A
~ e M e H T B nOAHOM 06%-
M e , q ~ 0 6 b 1 BOCnOAHMTb n O T e p K 3 B O C I I ~ O M ~ B O L CH-
~I~~J~~
1\61 M AOBeCTH ee A 0 I I e p B O ~ a ' I a r \ b ~ ~IIOAHOTbI,
fi 6b1~mek
B nepHoA noaosoro c o s p e ~ a ~ m B .gemx OCT~HOBKH or-
HI1 3 T 0 C O ~ M P W M C3 ~ e ~ e H A
T Oa M H O npoH3BOAMTbCR H e
IIyTeM BAOXOB M BbIAOXOB, a IIyTeM KOHJJeH'TparJHH CepA-
ga, A y X a M MbICAH H a nOAHRTMH 3 A e M e H T a n0 II03BOHO'I-
HHKy M OIIYCKWMIO no I I e p e ~ ~ e CTOpOHe
fi TeAa, ~ ~ 0 6 6 1
6 e c c ~ e p ~ -MA
~oe IIOAHOCTblo pa3BUAOCb.
 MeHT, a TpeTbf2 nOflBAeHMe - 3T0 CHI'-
H;11\ 3aXBaTblBaHHII 3 A e M e H T a
npopbIBa
Ero w!-rBepoe n o a B n e H M e yK;urce-r
H a HeyAaqy np;u<THKymyero c npe-
KpayeHtieM or- ~ 3 - 3 aHenpaDMAbHo-
r0 n p M M e H e H H a BAOXOB M BbIAOXOB H a
TOM 3 ~ a n e ,~ 6 ~0 A ~ M ~n oHc ATe A y e T
3a O r H e M ( K O T O ~ ~HIe ~6~b 1 ~n p e q a -
ye^), ~ ~ 0 6 6 B1 ~ I A H T ~ C I IH a p y x y B
+ o p ~ e n p n o 6 p e ~ e ~ ~ o inonowii
i
XMAKOCTH, CBOAIl H a H e T BCe AOCTHr-
HyTOe. y Y a y M e c a AONKHbI 0 6 p a ~ u ~ b
H a 3TO 0w6oe BHHMaHMe.

YZ T C X B e X e A H e B H O M HeIlPePbIBHOM COCPeAOTOYeHHH
O ~ O H Xr A a 3 H a IJeHTpe aa%b VLXHS, Y T O ~ CO
~ I BpeMeHeM
IIOIIBMAMCb UleCTb BbILUeHa3B;LHHblX COCTOIIHM~~.H p a K -
T M K ~ I O Y HAOAXeH
~~ nPMMeHMTb MeTOA KaY;LHMH UleCTM
OprZ3HOB YYBCTB, ~ ~ 0 6 nOAHHTb
b 1 6 e c c ~ e p ~ =MIl
~oe A M
eI'0 n p O X O A a Y e p 3 'IpM 3;LTBOPa B n03BOHOYHMKe.
m e c T b K 3 O p r a H a M M YYBCTB XBIUIIOTCX: HOC, ~ O A O B O ~
O p r Z H , rAa3a, YUIM, R3bIK H YM. MX ~ ~ 6 p a yMCXOACIT
m
M3 YMa, K O T O ~ w
~ I3~6 y m ~ a e ~ H 113bIK COBeCTHO CO
HOC
BAOXOM, ~ 0 ~ 0 p b lTf ai m e B O ~ A ~ ~ ~ CHTa B
YUrM
~ ~ T
M Wa3Z
B pe3yAbTaTe ~ O A O B O Op/r;LH
~ ~ ~ n 6 p ~ p y nOAHMMM
e~,
6 e c c ~ e p ~ CeMX,
~oe K O T O p o e CTaHOBMTCX OYeHb X T M B -
HbIM. ECAH LUeCTb O P r a H O B 'IYBCTB BM~PMPYIOT, TO 6ec-
CMepTHOe CeMH B XHYKaX Ha'lHeT llPOABMI'aTbCX K
CMePTHOMY 3aTBOPY y OCHOBaSIMIl neHMCa, K O T O P ~ I 3a-
~
KpbIT, HO T e M H e M e H e e OHO n p o k ~ sepe3
e ~ Hero, v~o6b1
~PH~HT~C II
BBepX K CepArJy, r A e O H 0 3 a A e p X U T C X B npo-
H H 3 b I B W u J e M K W a A e ( ~ t y rN
t O - CM. PHC. s), KOTOP~I~~
3aKpbIT.
ECAH ~ P ~ K T U K Y W ~HJeU3HaKOM
~ C MeTOAOM "IIRTH
APaKOHOB, nO&,$epXUBWlyMX OAHOI'O CBIITO~O", "CO-
C W W , A m A e H H X , LlJHllWMX H 3 a K p b 1 ~ a H H X " M " A Y X ~ ,
nOAHMMWuJer0 TeAeXKy, 3alIpXXeHHyIO KO~A~MM",
6 e c c ~ e p ~ ceM
~oe He n o k ~ no
e ~npaBUAbHOMy nyTH U
OTKAOHHTCX OT 3 a K P b l T O r O 0CHOBaSIM.H I I O ~ B O H O ' I H H K ~ ,
' I T O ~ ~HI ~ ~ TBbIXOA
M 'Iepe3 W y C , K0~0pblfX
i B M e T C % eC-
TeCTBeHHblM OTBePCTMeM &M BbIXOAa H a p y X y .
ECAM 3 T 0 TPK, TO BCe AOCTUrHYTble P a H b L U e YCneXM
6 y ~ Hy a n~p a C H b I . TO O n a t H O C T b n w e H U X C H M X H e r O
COpO'IberO MOCTa (CR YK)3 P O , ~ H Y c ) . BOT IIO'IeMy A B a
6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ b r x , U glo, COBeTOBaAH IIpHMelUlTb He-
6 0 ~ b m o i i~ e p e ~ X ~ K
~ pby X
l Ok K C ~ b ~ n y BepXyLU-
~ ~ o k
K O ~ , pZ43Me OM C MaAeHbKyW K M T ~ ~ C K Y I O~ ~ A o ' I K ~
(Nnwsnoy) f n o ~ p b ~ r b l k T K ~ H ~ I O r, r o 6 b 1 , CH@
H e M , 3 a K p b l B a T b ZMyC M I I p e A O T B p a u J a T b 3 T H M PaCCeX-
Ha

H H e H a p y X y MaKpOKOCMU'IeCKOrO aAXMMM'IeCKOr0 3Ae-

MeHTa ECAM K TOMy Xe UMeeTCX C n y T H H K , K O T O P ~ I ~ ~
MOT 6 b 1 e M y nOMOqb, n O l y U n b I B a H U X OCHOBaHUe n 0 3 B O -
2
HO'IHHKP , M ~ K ~ O K O C M M ' I ~aCnKx Uu ~ u ' I e c ~ u3 kA e M e H T
B O ~ A ~B TK m a A YllPaBAeHMR 8j3 hi0 M nOAHMMeTCR no
H e M y BBepX.
M ~ TI e I l e p b 3 H Z M , q T O M ~ K O C M M ' I aAXM-
~ C K
M M ' I ~ C 3K
A eM
M e~H~
T OCTaHeTCII H a M e C T e , eCAM er0 npo-
XOA ' 4 e p e 3 KOII'IMK 3 a K P b I T . ECAM er0 nPOABMHYTb q e p e 3
OCHOBaHMe IIO3BOHO'IHUKa nPMHYAMTeAbH0, no BOAe
n p a K T u K y m y e r o , TO TO e p e T M s e c K o e H a M e p e H M e H e
npnHeceT ycnexa, IIOTOMY 'ITO ~ a e k r u e e~ 0 3 6 y x ~ e ~
B CepALJe ( 0 6 u ~ e ~0 rbH X ) H a 3 T O M 3 T m e aBTOMaTM'leC-
KM 3 W e T KOn'IHK. ~ O ~ T O
&UM yCKOpeHMR
~ er0 np0-
XOXAeHMII PeKOMeHAYeTCR MeTOA "IIRTM APPKOHOB,
IIOAAepXCMBalOIlJMX OAHOrO CBRTOI'O".
XOTX IIPOXOA " ~ p a r o r ~ e ~X ~~ Mo Yk ~ ~ K H H 3~aIK"P b I T ,
M HM ~ 0 3 6 y x ~ e ~B ucepAge
e ( ~ e c ~ o n o ~ o x oe r~mu e
cTPZTM),HM KOHLJeHTParJMR A y X a , H e MOrYT npMBeCTM
ero B ABumeHue, oAHaKo n o y c l n b t s w u e , coBepruaeMoe
nOMOI+)HMKOM, C O r p e e T M O C B O ~ O A M TK O C T H ~ IM
~ 0~3 F B
a TIb e M y ~ ~ O X O A )K
K O n q M K e ( ' I T o ~A~ . po~e
TOrO, n p a K -
T M K Y I Q U J M ~ A 0 1 9 K e H I I p M X a T b n a A e l ) K CMePTHOMY 32-
TBOpy (y 0CHOB;LHMR ~ K ~ H M c ~ ) ,M X M 3 H e H H O C T b B A p a r O -
I J ~ H H oX ~e M
~ q y X M H e c a M a n p o 6 b e ~ c xY e p e 3 OCHOBaHMe
n03BOHO'IHMKa. ~ O ~ T O Mn Y
pa~~M~ymtollH
~Me 6AOroKeH
COCpeAOTa'IMBaTbCR H a npMBeAeHMM B A B M X e H M e 3Ae-
MeHTa, a A O M e H X A a T b , K O r A a O H CaMOnpOM3BOAbHO
n p o 6 b e ~ c s 1 , M T o r A a M r K O npOBeCTM er0 B ~ p e 6 y e ~ b r i
KaHaA.
ECAM 3 A e M e H T B H e 3 a n H O IIpMAeT B A B M X e H M e , r ~ 0 6 b 1
n p 0 6 ~ ~ b c Kx KOII'IMKY, T O r A a ~ ~ ~ K T U K ~ H )AOIDKeH
U J M ~
n O M O q b e M y B 3TOM, I I p M X a B naheLJ K CMePTHOMY 38-
T B O p y , O A H O B p e M e H H O nOAHMMaJl r A a 3 a , r ~ o 6 b 1IlOMOqb
e M y nOAHRTbCR. 3 a ~ OeH ~A O A X e H MIIrKO M MeAAeHHO
O n M C a T b rAZi3aMM OAMH K P Y r , A ~ ~ C T B YnRo ~ o 6 ~" KoO ~ A Y ,
K O T O P ~ IM
~ eAAeHHO TRHeT B ropy I ~ O B O ~ K Y "I, I T O ~ L Ino-
M O Y ~s A e M e H T y B ero n o A P b e M e . OH A o l u K e H T a K m e n o A -
A e p X a T b 3TOT IIOAWM IIyTeM " ~ P M x M M ~ H M R ~ 'R3bIKa K
~ e 6 yu b 1"x m U 1 1 '1epe3 HOC.
" B C ~ ~ ~ I B ~ H M~ R Ha~o~ey
eCAH O H B b I n P X M M T C T P e C K O M CnMHY, TO 3 A e M e H T C a M
n p o 6 b e ~ c s K OCHOBWMIO n 0 3 B O H O ' I H H K a ( n e p ~ b l i i 3a-
T B O P B I I O ~ B O H O ' I H M K ~ ) .T e n e p b er0 IIOMOIlJHMK A O A X e H
H e M e A A e H H O Y M n a T b rIO3BOHO'IHMK Ha+$ KOII'IMKOM, 'ITO-
6 b 1 c n o c o 6 c ~ ~ o ~IIOA%eMy
a ~ b A ~ ~ ~ o I J X
~e H
M ' IH
y XoM ~
- ~
Hbl A0 BTOpOrO 3 a T B O p a M e X A y I1O'IK;IMM. ECAM IIOCAeA-
~ M f i3 a K P b I T M X e M Y y X H H a O C T Z T C X H ~ ~ O A B M X H O ~ ~ ,
T O r A a IIOMOYHMK A O A X e H UJMIlaTb II03BOHOVHMK T a K ,
'1~0661 C I I O C O ~ C T B O B ~IlOA'beMY.
T~ O A H ~ KeCAM
O, IIPaKTM-
K Y I U Y M ~H a M e F B Z T C X T X H y T b ee B B e p X , ' I T 0 HellI>a-
BMAbHO, TO OH IlOTePnMT HeyAaYy, IIOTOMy 'IT0 KaK
TOAbKO MbICAb B O ~ ~ Y A Mer0
T CepAIJe, ~ ~ o p o3 ai Ti B O P 3a-
Kl'OeTCX CaM no ce6e. ~ O ~ T O MMeTOA
Y " ~ X T MA p a K O -
HOB, IlOAAepXMBaIOIlJMX OAHOrO CBXTO~O" 6 b 1 ~p e K 0 -
M e H A O B W +$AX YCnOKOeHMX I I O A W M a X e M ' 4 y X M H b I . ,
XOTX n p O X O A AAX " A ~ ~ ~ o I J ~ HXH~ OM~~~X M H ~ I3a-
"
KPbIT M XOTX H H ~ 0 3 6 y ~ BeCepALJe,
~ ~ e HH KOHLJeHTPa-
~ M Ayxa
X H e MOVT n p H B e c T M ee B ABuxeHue, ryunanx
IIOMOllJHMKa C O v e e T M O C A ~ ~ MKOCTHLIG
T M 0 3 r BO BTO-
POM sa~mpe,' I T O ~ ~AIa T b eii n p o k ~ B~A. O ~ ~ B O K n p, a K -
T M K ~ I O U J MAOA>KeH
~~ I I p M X a T b nar\eg K C M e p T H O M Y 3a-
T B O p y y OCHOBWMII I I e H H C a , M X M 3 H e H H O C T b B A p a r O -
I J ~ H H o G X e M Y y X u H e c a M a n p o 6 b e ~ c x~epe3
B ~ o p o i i3a-
T B O p M e X A y n0'IKaMM.
~ O ~ T O
n pM
a ~ ~~H K y I O U J l 4 H
i i e A O A X e H COCpeAOTa'IM-
BaTbCR H a npMBeAeHMM B A B M m e H M e 3 A e M e H T a HAM X e M -
' I y X H H b I , HO O H A O l u K e H X A a T b , n 0 K a O H CaM H e np0-
6 b e ~ c xM T O r A a M X r K O n p o B e C T M ero B H Y X H ~ IK~ W U .
ECAM OH B H e 3 a n H O n p H A e T B ABMXeHMe, 4 ~ 0 6 b 1 npo-
AMTbCX 'Iepe3 B T o P O ~ ~3 a T B O p , TOrAa I~P~KTMKYI~~~JM~
A O A X e H IIOMO'Ib 3TOMY A B M X e H W I , HqaBAMB2UI n * b I J e ~
H a C M ~ ~ T 3Ha T~B O
I p~, TAXAX B TO Xe Bpeh4H B B e p X , 'ITO-
6t.1 er0 KBepXy.
IIOATHHYTb
3 a ~ .OH AOlUKeH GLICTPO CAeAaTb OAHO BPaUJeHMC
e ~
rAZaMM, ~efiC~L3yn Xo ~ o 6 ~
" 0oA e ~ k 0 , ~ ~ I C TT X
~ HOy Y e -
MY nOB03KY B ropy", Y T O ~ ~B
I I C T ~nO
OAHXTb AparOIJelI-
Hyk0 X e M Y Y X M H y . A e ~ a nT a K , OH AOluKeH n O ~ e p > l < a T b
3 T O T nOA%CM n y T e M " n p 1 4 X H ~ W M I I " X3bIKa K ~ e 6 yM
228 AAOCCKAII ~ o I ' A I'AABA XI11

" B C ~ C ~ I B ~ H M X ~03,4yxa
" r e p 3 HOC. H a ~ o ~ eecm
y, OH c
T P e C K O M P X T X H e T q X T b IIO3BOHOYHMKa, TO 3 A e M e H T
c a n~p o 6 b e ~ asepe3 ~ ~ o p o3 ak ~ ~ o Tenepa
p. ero no-
MOUJHMK AOluKeH ~ ~ I C T rrJMnaTb
~ O IIO3BOHO'IHMK HaA
BTOpbIM 3aTBOPOM M e X A y nO'IKaMM. T o r ~ a"Apar~LJe
H ~ J Im e ~ ~ y m n~o c~T ean e"H H o n o A H m e T c x K TpeTbeMy
3 a T B O P y B 3aTbIAKe. ECAM IloCAe,$~Mfi 3aKPbIT M XeM'Iy-
X M H a OCTWOBMAaCb T a M , T o r @ IlOMOIJJHMK IIPaKTHKY-
W n J e r o AOlurteH nJMnaTb rOAOBY C 3 a M . '1~0661 O ~ A ~ N H
IlOA'beM, IlOTOMy 'IT0 ee HeAb3X IIPOABMHyTb A2AbLIIC HM
MbICAbW IIpaKTMKyWUJerO, HM WCPeAOTO'IeHMeM; OHa
M O X e T ABHHyTbCX TOAbKO CaMOnPOM3BOAbHO M3-3a IJJM-
IlaHMX, npOM3BOAMMOrO IIOMOUJHMKOM, KOTOPOe COl'&W-
BXT M pa3Mr'IXT C ~ M H H O
M~0 3 r B T p e T b e M 3aTBOpe.
~ ~ ~ K T M K ~ W UHJa M
a B~
AM, Bm IIZiAbrJeM H a C M ~ ~ T H
3aTBOp. no6ym~ae.rX e M r y X M H y n p 0 6 ~ ~ b Kc 3aTbIAKY,
~
HO OH AOluKeH W a T b , n O K a O H a B O ~ A ~B TH e r o , I I p e X A e
' I e M BBeCTH ee B H Y X H ~ IKaHZiA.
~ K o r ~ aO H a BHe3mHO
n p o 6 b e ~ CaMOnPOM3BOAbHO
c ~ Y e p 3 TbIAbHyW 'IaCTb r0-
AOBbI, T O r A a I I p a ~ ~ M ~ ~ l O r r J A
c lOf A
i X e H HeMeAAeHHO no-
C M O T P e T b BBepX, q ~ 0 6 b 1 I I O A A e p X a T b 3TOT ee nOA'beM.
>TO M e C T b TO, ' I T 0 MbI H a 3 b I B X M " n X T b APilKOHOB,
n 0 A A e p X M B ; u o n J M X OAHOrO CBXTO~O" IIpM er0 IIOa'beMe.
~ ~ ~ K T M K ~ I o U J AOAXeH
MG Tenepb 3XTaBMTb ce6~
rAXAeTb B E p X n o ~ o 6 ~' ' o~ ~ I K Y T, X H y Y e M Y nOBO3KY B
l'0pyP'. OH AOAXeH n O a e p X M B a T b 3TOT I l O A X M , n p M -
>I(&M;LR KOHYMK X3bIKa K ~ e 6 yM BCaCbIBaR BO3AyX ' I e p e 3
HOC. H ~ K O H ~ecAM
L J , OH BbITXHeT C XPYCTOM 'IaCTb CnM-
Hbl, TO X ~ M Y Y X M H ~ C a M a n p o 6 b e ~ aB 3aTbIAOK.
Tenepb ero CnYTHMK AOluKeH 6 6 1 YM
~ n a~T b TbIAb-
~
HYW CTOPOHY ero LIIeM, ' I T O ~ ~CIO r p e T b M O C B O ~ O A U T
T a M K O C T H ~ IM~0~3 r , T;U( ' 1 ~ 0 6 ~ 1X e M q y X M H a M O r A a MeA-
AeHHO B O ~ T HB " x P ~ H M A M U J ~ ~eTpa"( @ 3 ~ @Y, VG16
IIOAOCTb B TBIA~HOG 'IaCTM ,
~OAOB~I)I I ~ o A o A ~ o B ~
M 0 3 P , M 0 3 X e ' I O K M X H 3 H e H H y W nOAOCTb IIPHPOAbI -

A y X a B I J e H T p e rOAOBHOr0 M 0 3 r a K o r ~ XM3Hb-XM3HeH-
a
HOCTb B C T p e q a e T IIpMPOAy-AyXa, OHM COeAMHXfOTCX M
OCTaIOTCII B ~ 0 f Xe
i nOAOCTM; n p a K T ~ ~ y r o yAOAXCeH
~ k
IIpMMeHMTb TpIIIIOqHbIe 3aTbIqKM, w o 6 b 1 3aTKHYTb H03A-
PM, G ~ I C ' I ~ O3 a K P b l T b r A a 3 a M BPaILJaTb HX CAeBa H a I I p a B O
AeBRTb pa3, 3 a T e M OCTaJiOBMTbCII, '1~0661 C03ePLJaTb CBeT
XM3HeHHOCTM, K O T O P ~ I IIOIIBMTCX
~ B 3~0fiIIOAOCTM.

YeTbIpe pa3'i3, A e A M 9 x 4 = 36 o6opo-

TOB, BO ~pemK O T O ~ ~ I Xero r A a 3 a
A O M H b I B p a Y a T b C A TaK:
9 ~ 0 6IIOAHXTb B X p X IIOAOXMTeAbHOe
In.

ma3a M BpaIlJaTb MX C l l p a B a HiMeBO H

3 a T e M 3 a K p b I T b MX, ' 1 ~ 0 6 b 1 ~ 0 3 e p L J a ~ b
CBeT XM3HeH!3OCTM. TO H W O CAeAaTb

Ta, BO BFMX KOTOP~IX ero rAa3a

AOluKHbI BpaILJaTbCA TaK:
q ~ 0 6 b 1OnYCTMTb OTPMLJaTeAbHOe h b .
TO B p a I y e H M e r A a 3 3aCTaBMT AyX M XM3HeHHOCTb
COeAMHMTbCR B OAHy X e M Y y X M H y , K O T O p m Ha3bIBaeTCII
B p O X A e H H b I M MCTMHHbIM C e M e H e M ( C R H ~ m H b Y m 3 H
WYU). K o r ~ aOH I I O B e P H e T r A a 3 a BHM3, 3 T 0 MCTMHHOe
C e t a B MCXO&HO# IIOAOCTH A y x a (Zj3bl YRO 39 ~ex6po-
BWM) CIIYCTMTCX CO ~ 6 a~, a f i BblXOA~ e ~q e p e 3 HOC, M eC-
AM I I ~ ~ K T M K ~ I O H
Y eM3aTKHYA
~~ er0 TPIIIIM'IHO~~3aTbIY-
K O ~ TO
, OH0 y f i ~ e H a~p y X y Y e p e 3 H03APM, M BCe IIpeX-
HMe YCIleXM 6 y & y ~Y l p a q e H b l . B 3TOM 3aKnH)YaeTCII
OllaCHOCTb IIWeHMR C B e p X H e r O COpOYberO MOCTa ( W U
ym3 yzo, HOCOBOG ~ a a t . ) .
~ eH o 6 e c n e q ~ c
~ O ~ T O MI ~YP ~ K T U K Y K > I L JAMO~ M ~eb 6~
AepeBRHHbIM KPyXKOM M TPllIIM'fHbIMPl 3aTblqKaMM,
Y ~ 0 6 b 1IIOAb30BaTbCII MMM H a 3TOM 3 T a I l e . ECAH HCTMH-
Hoe ceta H e y T e q e T H a p y x y q e p e 3 HOC M OCT~HOBMTCR
M e X A y ~ P O B X M M , TO ~ ~ ~ K T H K Y I O Y
A OMA~X e~H OCTaHO-
BMTbCII 6 e 3 ~ b l c ~ e M
f iA B W K ~ H M
C ~3aMOPO)KeHHbIM
~ Ay-
XOM M CMO'lpeTb BHM3, O X M A M , KOrAa HCTHHHOe C e M
 C a M o npMAf2T B ABMXeHMe. B ~ e 3 a n ~O0H 0 n p o 6 b e ~ cM~
I I P ~ K T M K Y ~ I I J AOAXeH
M~~ 6 y ~ CAeAOBaTb
e ~ 3a HMM M BeC-
TM er0 B nOAOCTb C H I Z H b U H ( T ~ H H c T B ~ H H ~y H
3AesKa no-
3 % ~ He6ec~oroB o A o e M a BO p ~ y M) B r o p A o , r A e e M y yr-
p O X X T A p y r a O n X H O C T b . ECAM OH H e n 0 A p I - U y K a 3 a -
HMX OT OnbITHOrO HaCTaBHMKa, TO OH YnYCTHT MCTMHHOe
cem sepes POT, HO ecm OH H a y u e H , TO OH n p 0 r A o T u - r
ero M OHO, npoiim ~ e p e 3
ropao, nonueT B cepage H ne-
' f e H b , B OCHOBaHMM KOTOPbIX IIOMeIIJXTCX ~ O A O C TZj3RH
~
z y n ( c o n ~ e s ~ oc en ~ e ~ e ~r A~e eOHO
), CMemaeTcs c OT-
PMrJaTeAbHbIM AbIXaHMeM [ U H ~
Z ~ U ] M3 IIeqeHM.
ECAM M a 3 a YCTPeMAeHbI H a H e r o , TO MCTMHHOe Gem
GOCTMrHeT KHIlleqHMKa, B CepeAMHe KOTOpOrO IIpOXOAMT
KaHaA 3aPaTbX X 3 H b A40 M 3 a T e M O H 0 IlPOCKOAb3HeT B
nOAOCTb H H X H e r O 8 a H b WWltrr, r A e O C T a e T U B H e n o -
ABWKHOCTM. T ~ K M0M
6 p a 0 ~n o c A e npoxomAeHMX TpeX
3 a T B O p B B Il03BOHOPHHKe HCTHHHOe U2MA IIOWOTMTCX,
PTO IIpHBeAeT K AOCTWKeHMIo rJeAH a A X W H M .

Bonpoc: B ~ CI K a a A M , PTO MeTOA " ~ X T H A P X O H O B , no+jAepXMBa-

IoIIJHX OAHOTO CBXTO~O" o 6 e c n e s ~ ~ 0a ~e 0~H P a T e ~ b ~ b
IIpOpbIB; H e MorAM 6b1 BbI p a C C K a 3 a T b 06 3TOM no~po6-
~ e? e
OTB~T:
n 5 l ~ b- 3T0 'IMCAO 3 A e M e H T a 3C?MAH, K O T O p e CWBOAW-
3 H P Y e T IIPaBHAbHYIo MblCAb, ApaKOH CWBOAM3MPYeT
~ p o w e s ~ AyX.
b ~ k~ O ~ T O MHY
a 3 M B a H H e " f l l ( T b ApaKO-
HOB, ~OAC\ePXMBilIOIlJMX O A H O m CBXTOIW" BbIPZXaeT
MAeIo I I p O p b I B a I l p M nOMOIlJH MaKpOKOCMHqeCKOlW aA-
M H ' l e C K O M 3 3AeMeHTa.

Bonpoc: M H ~Bee-TaKM H e BnOAHe XCHO OTHOCMTeAbHO "nxm

ApaKOHOB, n O + j A e P X H B W I I J H X OAHOrO CBXTO~O", noma-
~ y i i c ~0a6,' b x c ~ u ~ no~po6aee.
e

~ T B ~ TKoha
: I l p a K T H ~ y l ~ r g Hck o 6 ~ p a eM~~ K ~ O K O C M H ~ ~ C
3 A e M e H T &Ul OKOHVaTeAbHOm IlPOPbIBa, OH AOlUKeH BOC-
nOAb30BaTbU MOMeHTOM, KOrAa BU? IlleCTb O P r a H O B
VYBCTB IIOKaYHBilIOTCJI, TO eCTb KOl'Aa 6 e c c ~ e p o CeMA
e
 ~ ~ 6 p ~ pTyO reA a~OH
; A O A X e H T B e p A O CMAeTb H a Aepe-
BXHHOM K P Y X K e , q ~ 0 6 b 1 3 a K P b I T b CBOe a H a A b H O e OT-
BepCTMe M T O r A a C M ~ P T H ~
3 aIT~B O p (y OCHOBaHMX n e H M -
ca) 3 a K p O e T C l CaM. OH A O A X e H TaK>Ke I I P O B e P M T b 3 T O T
sa~nop,n p w x a B K HeMy naneg. n p a n ~ ~ b ~
M a~ Ia C A ~
CMMBOAM3MPYeTCX 3 A e M e H T a M M 3eMAM, YMCA0 KOTOPbIX
p a B H 0 nXTM. A~-
x 3 T 0 APaKOH, K O T O P ~ IB~ CBOK) OYe-
P e A b CMMBOAM3MpyeT W e n T a , I'OTOBOrO IIOXepTBOBaTb
CBOMM TeAOM B CTPeMAeHMM K 6ecc~ep~um K.o r ~ aA p a -
rOIJeHHa.8 X e M Y y X l 4 H a B M ~ P M P Y ~nepeA
T T e M , K a K ABM-
HYTbC5l B C B O ~T P ~ H C ~ J ~ H A ~ H TI l~y TAb ,~ IIpaKTMKyQ-
H ~ I ~
y M k A O A X e H OTKa3aTbCX O T CBOerO T e A a , ' I T 0 0 3 H a Y a e T
K2.XyyyK)CX CMePTb, ~ 6 K0O r A a W e I I T MAeT IIPOTMB Cy-
u j e c T B y r o y e r o M u p o n o p r r A K a , OH M A o c T M r a e T 6ecc~ep-
TMX. TO nepeBopawmuiue CyyecTBymyero B MMpe
n O p X A K a 3aKAIoYaeTCX B 32.XMMe p y ~ o kC M e p T H O r O 3a-
T B O p a , YTO YI(PenAlleTC5I n p a n u ~ b ~ oMbICAbK). k B pe-
3 y A b T a T e A p a r O g e H H a A X e M Y y X M H a 6 y ~ BO3HOCMTCII
e ~
BBepX. CMOTT~BBepX, Y T O ~ n~OIA H M M a T b X e M U y X M H y
BBePX - 3 T O 3HaYMT " I T O A A ~ P X W B ~ Tee". ~ "OAUHCBX-
TO^" - 3 T 0 n O A H M M a F O l y ~ C XA p a r O g e H H a R X e M Y y X M -
Ha.
~ O ~ T O MH Y
a 3 B W M e M e T O A a " n X ~ bApaKOHOB, IIOA-
AepXMBaFOl&JMX OAHOrO CBXTOI'O" X B M e T C X BCerO AMIIIb
O ~ P ~ ~ OIM , M e H R e M b I M rIpc3KHMMM I I a T P H a P X a M M M
TpU
HaCTaBHMKaMM, KOTOPbIe H e BXOAHAM B A e T M U . MOMH a -
CTX3HMKM Axo )1<3~b M h 0 KYH I I p M K a 3 a n M MHe 0 6 % ~ ~ -
H H T b BCe 3 T 0 AOCKOHaAbHO, T a K ' I T 0 BCe 6 y ~ y y u ey n e H M -
KM CMOIYT BOCllOAb30BaTbCX 3TMM MeTOAOM.

Bonpoc: C o 6 w p a ~ ~MaKpOKOCMMYeCKOrO
e ZiAXMMHYeCKOrO 3 A e -
M e H T a 3 a C e M b AH& cY\X I I p O p b I B a BKAWYaeT T a m e Ye-
T b I p e npM€!Ma BCaCbIBaHWl (CU) ,AaBAeHW (ZUU) , 4M-
n w u x ( y o ) M ~ ~ K P ~ I B W M(62.4).
X n o m Z i A y k c ~ a ,0 6 . 5 ~ ~ -
HMTe 3'ro n o ~ p o 6 ~ e e .
KOCMMlleCKOrO aAXUMHlleCKOr0 3AeMeHTa 31 CeMb
OKOHuaTeAbHOrO I l p O p b I B a
"Bcacb~~an~-
e " 3T0 BTXrMBWMe AbIXWWi H03A-
PXMM npM OAHOBpeMeHHOM YCWMAeHMU B3FhRAa
BBepX, 4 ~ 0 6 b 1 IIOMOllb nOAHIITbCA MCTUHHOMY CeMeHM.
g ' B ~ a c b l ~ a H ~ eWeAMHeHHOe
n, C n p a B M A b ~ 0 k MbIC-
AbIO, n o M o r a e T HZillpaBAeHHOMy BBepX B3rAHAy o6ecne-
llMTb nOA'beh4 A ~ ~ I J ~ H
XeMllyXMHbI.
H O ~
-
"A~BA~HH~ " 3 T 0 npcur<uMwMe X3bIKa K ~e6y.
K o r ~ aMCTUHHOe CeMII IIOAHUMaeTUI, O H 0 AOIUKHO TaK-
me n o a e p m u s a T m A b I x a n u e M B HOCOBOM K a n a n e , K ~ K
M B3rMAOM HaBepX M IIBbIKOM, IIpWKaTbIM K ~ e 6 y n, p U
TOM r A a 3 a AOIUKH~Io n u c a T b OAHH K p y r u e B a H a n p a r w .
n p M BpauJeHMM M a 3 n p a ~ m q r o y u kAOluKeH PMTbI-
BaTb pa3HMLJy B CUAaX K 0 3 A q OAeHA M 6 b 1 ~ a ,TIIHYIIJMX
nonos~yB ropy.
"yMnaHMe" BbInOAHXeTU CnYTHMKOM IIpaKTPlK~lO-
yero, ~ o ~ o p b r Ai io m e H ol<a~aK ~ H ~y nAp a B A e H m @
MO. K o r ~ a
X e M l l y X u H a B M ~ P M ~ ~'&IYC
~ T , 3aKPbIT A e p e -
BIlHHbIM KPYXKOM M C M ~ P T H ~3aTBOP
I~ y OCHOBaHMII
n e H u c a CAaBneH IlaAbrJeM IIpaKTMKyloyerO, s ~ 0 6 b 1 H e
AaTb BO3MOXHOCTM X e M l l y X U H e BbICKOAb3HYTb H a m y
l l e p e 3 YiW ABa 3 a T B O p a T e n e p b er0 C I I Y T ~ M KAOAXeH Ha-
llaTb 6 b r c r p o uJMnaTb OCHOBaEIMe n03BOHOllHMKa, r ~ o 6 b 1
COI'peTb M o c ~ a 6 u K
~Oa CTH~M
I ~0~3 r B 3TOM MeCTe, Y T O ~ ~ I
X e M l l y X M H a M o r A a CBO~OAHOC TPeCKOM n p 6 u ~ b c mB
H e r o . nCJCAe 3 T O m nOMOuJHMK AOluKeH UJHnaTb n03B0-
HOllHMK MeX+$Y nOYKaMM M 3 W e M C T ~ I A ~ HCO
TO~pHbI
roAosb1 AO T e x nop, n o K a r n e M u y m H a He n p i i ~ e TBTO-
p0fi M T T M ~ ~ 3aTBOPbI M H e AOCTUl'HeT M 0 3 P a
" 3 a K P b l ~ a H M e " IIPOM3BOAMTCII n p M IIOMOIIJM:
1. AepeBIlHHOro KPYXKa, K O T O P H ~ 3aKpblBaeT W y C
2. T p R n M W b I X SaTbIlleK, 3aTbIKWuJMX H O C O B O ~
3. n a b g a , H w a 9 A M B W I I J e r o H a c ~ e p T ~ b 13aTBOp
k (y
OCHOB~HMII n e ~ u c a ) .
BTH T P U 3aTBOPa 3aKPbIBWTWI, w 6 b 1 IlOMeIUaTb
X e M . l y X U H e yCKOAb3HyTb H a P Y V .
Ronpoc: n o c ~ ec o 6 ~ p a MaKpoKOCMMlleCKOrO
~u~ ar\xmMsecKoro
s ~ e ~ M eero~ n o~A am T m s e p e 3 TPH s a ~ ~ o p
(Ba nosno-
HO'IHHK~) U M 0 3 R ( W &Hb), OH COeAHHMTC3 C W
&Ha, K
' I T O ~ S ICAeAaTbCX U C T H H H O ~X ~ M ' I ~ X M H O ~se-
.
My TOrAa TeXHMKa I I O A M a U OnYCKaHMX, eye IlpaKTM-
KyeMaR H a TOM mane?

X U T ~ A ~OM
~'O
~ ~~
AM, H IXlOCAeAHee
II B 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0H6e K T a p ,
K O T O ~ 3aTeM
~ I ~ HAeT BHM3. HO OH H e XBlUleTCX CAWHOG
BO pry.
ECAM HO3APM H e 3aTKHYTbl M a T e p q a T b I M U 3aTbI'iKa-
MH, 3TOT 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0H6e K T a p YTeqeT ' 4 e p e 3 HMX.
H C X O A H O ~nOAOCTH AyXa 3 a ~ e x 6 p o ~ 3TOT
b e ~
BOAOTO~H e m a p n p o k ~ esepes
~ noAocTb c m n b un
(HWO TOM), M Aanbule n o T e s e T B ropAo. K o r ~ OH
a no-
n W e T BHM3Y B AblXaTeAbHOe rOpA0, TOl'Aa, eCAM IlpaKTU-
K y I O y M 6 H e n0A)'lrMA AOAXHbIX Y K ~ ~ ~ H M
OHG ,M O X e T
M3BeprHyTb ero C KalIIAeM. He 6 y ~ AeM ~X U K O n o T e -
PXTb BCe AOCTMMYTOe pmee?
~ O ~ T O MTeKCTbl
Y rAaCHT: " n p e X ~ eq e M H e K T a p
OnyCTMTC3, H W O 6 y ~ YBA;DKHMTb
e ~ AblXaTeAbHOe r O p A 0
TaK, q ~ 0 6 b 1 KOrAa OH OIIYCTHTCX, TO 6 y ~ cpa3y e ~ xe
npOrAO9eH. ~ P 3TOM M AOh>KeH 6b1Tb CAbIUleH 3ByK rA0-
TaHMX. T o r ~ a OH ~ 0 k A e . TB CepALJe M AOCTMrHeT IIOAOCTM
COAHeYHOrO C I l A e T e H M nOA n e ' l e H b l o , I'Ae XM3HeHHOe
Aarxmue y K p e n w T em. 3 a ~ OH
e npoii~eT
~ l r e p e 3 mimes-
HMK M HaKOHeLJ B O ~ A ~B TH W K H U ~8 a H b mJIHb, r A e CO-
Bonpoc: B ~ CKa3;MM,
I UTO 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0
Hfe iK T a p n p o M 3 B e A e T MCTMHHOe
C e M . KOTOpoe 6 y ~ yUeCTM
e ~ M npMHOCMTb nAOAb1 U no-
AOCTM X M 3 H e H H O C T M n O A n y n K O M . M H 3~T 0 H e n O H H T H O .
He O ~ % X C H M TAM
~ ubl 3 T o no~po6~ee?
OTBC~"~' H e n e r ~ onpOM3BeCTM MCTMHHOe C e M H M3 3 0 A O T O r 0 H e K T a -
pa. BTOC e M 6 y ~ pea C~T M B IIOAOCTM XM3HeHHOCTM n O A
l ~ b I f ic ~ e 6 e n b ,K O T O ~ ~
n y n K O M , ~ ~ Z XUe A 3 XI J~W T e T M
A X T nAOA. Ero IJDeTKOM IIUlUfeTCH CBeT XM3HeHHOCTM,
K O T O ~ ~
B 0I3 ~
HM~ KHeT IlepeA npaKTMKyloqMM. y 3TOr0
LJBeTKa e C T b TbI'IMHKa M neCTMK, K O T O P b l e , COeAWHXRCb,
n0poXAaro.r nAoA. ECAM ~ P ~ K T M K ~ I O I I JHHe~ 3~H a e T , KaK
COeAMHMTb MX, LJBeTOK 6 y ~ 6ee ~c n n o ~ eM~H e A X T nno-
Aa, n O T O M y UTO OH 6 y ~ M
eA~A l o 3 0 P e H . Ero neCTMKOM HB-
M e T C H C B e T X M 3 H e H H O C T M , K O T O P ~ IMCXOAMT
~~ M3 n p M -
POAbI-XM3HeHHOCTM, a er0 TbIYMHKH - 3T0 30~0~0fi

CUeT, ~ 0 ~ 0 p b I fUO3HMKaeT
i M3 XM3HM-XM3HeHHOCTM.
C O ~ A M H O~~HO MMX ~IIpOM3UOAMT 6 e c ~ ~ e p T ~ b 3apo-
l f i
AbIUI, K O T O P ~ I M
~ 5IBhlteTC.X HAOAOM.
 OEPA30BAHM E EECCMEPTHOI'O 3APOpbILUA
, 235

I'MBA XIV

OEPA30BAHME EECCMEPTHOI'O 3APOAbIIII.A

n o c ~ eycnem~oiin p a m K u npenbInyrrJMx 13 3 ~ a -
IIOB ( w a s b ~ OT I AO XIII), npuse~meiiK npopbmy,
IIP~KTMK?~wLIJH~~
AOIuKeH COeAHHHTb &Be XM3HeHHOCTM
( n p n p o ~ b tM XHBHM), Y T O ~ ~ nOMOYb
I ~ y x y06pao~ara
6 e c c ~ e p -b1fi
r ~3 a p o A b l Ill.
3 a 6 ~ e ~ w(TOe eCTb n p a K ' r M ~ y I O y c l 6 O C T W W M B a e T
CBOM M ~ I C A U ) IjMpKYlUrgMM AByX X U ~ H ~ H H O C Tno
~~
MMKPoKOCMMYeCKOMY KPYl'y, C03AaeT 3ap0~bl~le~b1bIii
AyX, K O T O ~ BepHeTCX
~ I ~ ~ K COCTOXHUIO n p e ~ e A b ~ 06e3-
k
MXTeXHOCTU, I I B M I O Y ~ ~ W I MCTUHHbIM 3aPOAbIIUeBbIM
AbIXwMeM.
'
Bonpoc: nomanykc~a,O ~ B X C H M TTO
~ no~po6nee.

Ome~:noue co6~panwaMaKpOKOCMHVeCKOrO a n x m w n e c K o r o
s A e M e s x T a M ero n p o x o A a ~ e p e s
~ p su a ~ ~ o Bp ano3~o-
HO'lHMKe BCe 3HepreTM'IeCKMe LJeHTpbI t4 KaHaAbI O V M y a -
IOTCII OT 3arp113~e~uk,
T a K ' I T 0 ABe XM3HeHHOCTU (npu-
P A b l M X H ~ H M ) , KOTOPbIe T e I I e p b IIOAHOCTbIO pa3BMTb1,
MOIYT CaMH C O B e P m e H H O C B O ~ O A H OABMraTbCII, COBep-
IUaR ~ ~ C K O H ~ nYo A
H W~ MI b~1 M O n y C K a H M ; T a K W o6pa-
236 AAOCCKAII ~ o I ' A T U B A XIV

30M 06e 3 T H XM3HeHHOCTH IIOMOryT AyXy C03AaTb 6ec-

C M ~ ~ T 3Ha p~A Ib I~I U . CO B p e M e H e M OHM 6 y ~ By COCTO-
~
RHHH CaMOCTORTeAbHO IJHPKYAHPOBaTb, I I p H VeM I I p a K -
T C ~ K ~ I O I I J CAL ~w~ e H e 6 y ~ OC03HaBaTb
e ~ 3TOrO. OTCIOA~
BHAHO, K;U< H W O W 3 A a B a T b 3 a P O ~ b 1 L l I e ~ b lAyX.
fi
n 0 C A e AAHTeAbHOKl B p e M e H H I I p H I I p 0 ~ 0 A X Z U o y e f i -
csr 6e3 y.lacma yMa ~ e n p e p a ~ ~LJHPK)IMYMM
~oii npaK-
TMK~IOIIJHG A O A X e H C K O H J J e H T p H p B a T b C B O ~B 3 0 p H a
g e H T p e HHXHerO aattb T?lXM. A e c s r ~ bM e -
C R g e B CIIyCTR LJHpKyMIJWIo 6 e ~ xX M 3 -
H ~ H H O C TCAeAXTCX
~ ~ HaCTOAbKO ~er~ok,
YTO TOAbKO ~ e 6 0 ~ b mB m BH~P~I~M 6 IyI ~ e ~
9yBCTBOBaTbCR B 06aacm IlyIIKa, K O T O p m
6 y ~ KKa3TbCX
e ~ I I ~ c T o ~ CIIYCTR
. OAHH rOA
3Ta ~ ~ 6 p a y ~ x
IIOAHOCTbIO IIpeKpaTHTCX.
Ha TOM 3 ~ a n en p a ~ ~ ~ ~ y Hme yAOA- ~ f i
XeH y n o ~ p e 6 ~ c o ~a bb c en06 ' U H nH-
TbeM. T e n e p b OCTaeTCR TOAbKO AyX, 6e3-
MXT~XH~IH
G C H R W I I J M ~ , K O T O P ~ I RBIUI-
~~
eTCX HCTHHH bIM 3 a p A b I L U e B b I M AbIXaHH-
e M . A b l ~ a H H e6 y ~ Ka3aTbWI
e ~ OCTWOBMB-
IUMMCX H BCe IIyAbCbl nepeCTXiLUMMM
6 n ~ b c s r ;COCTORHMe r ~ y 6 0 ~ 066 e 3 ~ x ~ e ~
HOCTH (aa &H) T e I I e p b AOCTMrHyTO.
3apo~b1111e~oe AbIxaHHe o c T a H e T c s r TMXMM eye AOA-
roe BpeM, a CepAIJe, AyX H MbICAb H a 9 H y T CHOBa ~ ~ 6 p 1 . 1 -
POBaTb, 3aCTaBAXX I l e p B O e ABMraTbWI, no~o6~ o
BUIe; 3T0
BbI3bIBaeTCX AyXOBHbIM 3apOAbIIIIeM, K O T O ~ ~ n p o, 6 a r ~
I ~
MHePTHbIM B JJeHTpe H M m H e r O &lib T?lXItR OKOAO AByX
a e T n o c A e n e p e p b r s a T e n e p b H a w H a e T Aa1rua-m. t - l a A ~ H -
HOM 3 T a n e I I P ~ K T M K Y I O ~,A,OAXeH
M~~ IlOAHXTb 3 T 0 MC-
TMHHOe 3apoAblIIIeBOe AbIXaHHe K l j 3 R H Zylt, L J e H T Y , RB-
MIOUJeMyCR COAHe9HblM CnAeTttHMeM y 0CHOB;LHMII H e -
'IeHM, I I y T e M T l X X 3 T a X H O r O H e I l p e p b I B H O r O MeTOAa IIOA-
HsrTMx (cam fylm $a) l . n o c ~ eA o c T w r n e H m yeHrpa
y3JZH 2ylc A Y X O B H ~ I3apoAbILU
~~ HaYMHXT B 3 P ~ M B a T b C X
3apoAbIIUeBbIM AblXWMeM.
H m ~ u i ai a n b m n b - TO TO M e c T o , r A e BOCnpO-
M 3 B O ~ Y a . XCUAa C ~ ~ A U M M ~ ~ B~ XM3HeHHOCTb;
T C X CpeA-
HUG a a n b m n b ( c o ~ ~ e s c~ no ~e e ~ e ~ -
u e TO
) TO M e c -
TO, rAe XM3HeHHOCTb C ~ ~ A M M M P ~ ~ TBCAyX; X M HaKOHeLJ
~ e p x ~ ua ia in b nLJZFLb B M 0 3 q (nu dam) - 3 T 0 TO M e c -
TO, r A e ~ y Cx ~ ~ A U M M P ~ ~ T&AA
C I I CBOerO noAeTa B npo-
ClpWCTBO.
K o r ~ a A Y X O B H ~ I ~3 a p A b I I I l IIpMHUMaeT ~ O ~ M Y
~ P ~ K T M K ~ I O I LAOAXeH
JM~~ IIpMMeHUTb MeTOA T X 3 T a I I -
HOrO H e n P e P b l B H O r O n O A W M a , K O T O ~ ~MCnOAb3yeT
I ~ ~
6e3~blauH e a IJepBOM 3 T m e M OTCYTCTBMe Ab1X;LHMII H a
B T O F M (TO eCTb OH H e AOAXeH HI4 H m p a B M T b MeH-
~ a n b ~ a npogecc,
~ i i HM y n p a B m T a CBOMM ~ b ~ x a n u e ~
9 ~ a n3 a p o ~ b I I X I e ~ o f~i ~ ~ A H X ~ H O AOCTUrXTcII
C T M "CO-
~ A H H ~ H M ~rAa3 M ~ (' c ~ A W K ~ H M 3Pa'lKOB
~M n y T e M UX CKa-
I I ~ u B W M I I ) &AA KOHLJeH'TpaLJHM H a 3 a p O ~ b I L U e B O f iX U 3 -
HeHHOCTU B HWKHeM a a ~ ??UHe, b Y T O ~ 3aCTaBHTb
~I sap-
AbILUeBOe A b I X w M e MepsleHHO M IlOHeMHOry nOAHUMaTb-
CII K CPeAHeMY a a ~ ntRHK) b (UAU COAHeYHOMY CIIAWe-
HMSO) .
TO 0 3 H a Y a e T , YTO AyX, ~ 0 ~ 0 p b l fHXOAMACII
i HeKO-
T o p e B P e M B nOAOCTU XM3HeHHOCTU1 TO eCTb B HWK-
HeM a a ~ t?UW?)
b T e n e p b npMIIIeA B ABWKeHMe, Y T O ~ ~
nOAHXTbUr B c ~ C ~ A H H a a~r t~b ??UHb, r A e XM3HeHHOCTb
O K y T X T 3apoAbILUeByIO AyXOBHOCTa, K O T O P Y ~ ~ ~TyC- A ~ T
KAok, H e r r c H o k M H ~ O T Y ~ T A H B O n ~o, ~ o 6 ~3apOAbILTIy
o B
M ~ T ~ P M H C Ky~po6e.
O~~ TO 3 T a n ~ ~ ~ A ~ I X W H O C T U
K o r ~ aAyX0KyTaI-l XM3HeHHOCTblO B CpeAHeM a a ~ b
??lJlHe, TO OH Ha3bIBXTCX b e c c ~ e p m n b u c3apoablZUeAi
(aao ma$). Q ~ K T+ O ~ M H ~ ~ B ~ HsMa pI Io ~ b ~ m3 ~a a ~ e 1 - r
e T w I 3 a p O A b I I I I e ~ o f iXM3HeHHOCTblO, KOTOPW IIOOBMeT-
238 AAOCCKAJI ~ o I ' A T U B A XIV

CJl nept?A rAa3aMM npaKTMKyK)IIJerO K a K CBeT X M 3 H e H -

HOCTM.
AM np;u<TuKymyero ouem q y ~ y ~
A e pox a T b c s OT
HCIIOAb3OBaHMII 3 T O r 0 IIPOXBAeHMR XH3HeHHOCTM, q T O
O l r e H b C O ~ A ~ ~ H M T ~ AOH
~HOA .O M e H 3 a K p b I T b C e p A y e ,
0 6 u ~ e h b OrHII CTPaCTM A M TOrO, Y T O ~ ~BOClcpeCUTb
I
CYIlJHOCTHYlO n p M p O A y ; OH H e AOivKeH nO3BOAMTb ce6e,
Y T O ~ ~ero
I y A e p X M B a A a AOMaIIlHXX pa60~aHAM Y T O ~ ~ I
er0 n,OrAOTcll\a MMPCKari AeXTeAbHOCTb; &AX H e r 0 MMP-
CKMe A e A a A O M H b I 6 b 1 ~ bOTOABMHYTbI A U e K O . T o r ~ OH
a
6 y ~ 3eH a~T b TOAbKO 3TOT CBeT XM3HeHHOCTM, BbIUIe KO-
~ o p o r oH w ' I e r o H e ~ o m 6 ob 1 ~ b H e r o ; TO X B M ~ T C I ~
O T K a O M O T B4%X 3eMHbIX ~ ~ M B X ~ ~ H H OECAH C T B
~ T~ e~A e.
eye 0CT;LHYTCII CAeAbI OlpMIJaTeAbHOrO Ab1XaHM.H [ u W b -
q ] TO , P a 3 0 B b e T C I I AeMOHMYeCKOe COCTOXHUe; B 3TOM
C A p W ~ ~ ~ K T u K ~ O IA IO JA X ~ 6 y ~ npl4MeHMTb
Me H e ~ Me-
TOA M3rHaHHII AeMOHOB, n p M ~ e ~ e ~ H b 1 BbIIIle.
fi B Her0
BXOAMT q e T b I p e 3 T a I l a ~ ~ ~ W T ~ X H O C B
T MC A e ~ y l O y e 6
IIOCAeAOBaTeAbHOCTM:
a) 6 e 3 ~ b l u u e(mnb luuy),
6) H O luuy),
~ ~ ~ A ~ I X ~ H (CU C T ~
B) OTCYTCTBMe nyAbCOB ( M O 'cmy) H
r) npeKpargeHMe MwpcKoro cyyecTnoBanwr ( ~ e
1j3UHb).

Bonpoc: Bb1 CKa3aAU, ' I T 0 KOrAa 3 a p o A b l l l I e B O e AbIXaHUe n0AHM-

MeTCII K C p e A H e M y a a H b ttU1lUO ( B COAHB'IHOM C n A e T e -
HUM), TO O H 0 6 y ~ Tea M
~ 0K)TaHO B ~ ~ X A ~ H XHMO
3- ~
HeHHOCTbIo H CAeAWTCX ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T H3aPOAbI
L I M WeM, M
'IT0 3aPOAbIIUeBaR XM3HeHHOCTb npoIIBMeTCX JIepeA
rAa3aMM IIpaKTMKySOIIJerO B B w e C B e T a XM3HeHHOCTM.
K ~ Xe
K Tor@ MOIYT MMPCKMt? X Y H M AeMOHMqeCKMe
IIBAeHWl IlOXBMTbCII B 3TOM C X T e X M ~ H ~ H H O C T M ?

OTB~T:
K o r ~ 6a e c c ~ e p T ~ b l 3aPOAblllI
fi BbIpauJMBWTCX B Cpt?AHeM
a a W b T?lSHe, T O r A a CepAIJe n o ~ o 6 ~AMCTy
o AOTOCa, KOTO-
p b l f i H e CMa'4MBa.€2TCA B O A O ~ ~T;a K Xe M~~P~KTMKY~OL~JM
K O T O ~ AOCTMr
~ I ~ 3 T O r 0 3 T a t l a YyBCTByeT ce6x c n 0 ~ 0 f i -
HbIM, ~ ~ ~ ~ U I T ~ X
M HH ~
e IBOAHYeMbIM
M HM'IeM. Kor~a
~ ~ C C M ~ ~CeMA
T H nOAHOCTbH)
O ~ Pa3BMT0, T O r A a X M 3 H e H -
HOCTb I l P a K T M K y ~ u J e r OnPORBMTCX IIepeA er0 Ma3aMM.
AYX,K O T O ~ T
~ eIn ~e p b n 0 A H O C T b W n O A O X M T e A e H ,
[h]
M O X e T p a 3 B M T b >KM3HeHHOCTb C ee UleCTbKJ T P W C I J e H -
AeHTHbIMM C ~ O C O ~ H O C T X M M
M OCYLIJeCTBMTb:
1. OCTWOBKY BCXKOrO M H
MCTeqeHMII X M ~ H ~ H O ~ ~
BOC-
n p o ~ 3 ~ o ~ x ycm;
eii
2. ~ O X ~ C T B ~ H HBMAeHMe;
O ~
3. ~ O X ~ C T B ~ HCAyX;
H ~ I ~ ~
4. 3 H a H M e IlpOIIIAbIX > K U B H ~ ~ ;
5 , n O H M M a H M e A p y r H X YMOB M
6. ~ O X ~ C T B ~ H OH TOp~a x e H w e .
P a ~ e e ,K O r A a yYalIJMficX H a Y M H U CBOW I I p a K T M K y ,
01% ~06~nanc11
npC!KpaHJeHMII MCTeYeHWR BOCIIPOM3BOAJl-
yeii C M A ~ I [ y u n ], HO T O A ~ K OT e n e p b OH peanu3ye~~ p y -
rue HHTb AyXOBHbIX cnoco6~oc~eii, KOTOpbIe n 0 3 B O M T
e M y : BMAeTb B e y M B ~e6ecax; CAbIUlaTb ~ e 6 e c ~ b 3BYKM
1 e
M rOAOCa; 3 H a T b BCe IIpMqMHbI, n O C e X H H b I e B IIpOUlAbIX
XM3HXX 14 YMTaTb B y M Z A p y r M X M n p e A C K a 3 b I B a T b6y~y-
yee 3 a I4ciurolieHweM 6 0 m e c ~ n e ~ ~ sep~ana,
oro KOTO-
p O e OCTaFieTCII C B X 3 W H b I M C COBHaHMeM, eCAM HPaKTM-
~ ~ 1 0 H4e 3~H a6e T , K a K O C B O ~ O & M TCBOe
~ CepALJe (06~-
'I'aAMrrJe OrHII c T ~ X T M ) MMPCKMX I I P M B I I ~ W H O C T ~ ~ ~ .
OT
ECAU Y H e r 0 BO3HMKHeT MbICAb A O ~ H T ~ C I6I e c c ~ e p ~ m ,
Y T O ~ ~HIX A a X A a T b C X MM, T O r A a A e M O H B O C n O A b 3 y W C X
3 ~ 0 hBO3MrnXHOCTbW, BO
Y T O ~ ~ I ~~TB
M er0 CepArJe. Ero
I l p M C V X T M e , n p M I I 3 H b M H e n p M I I 3 H b 5IBIlTCII I ~ P M ~ M H O ~
AAH IIPOIIBAeHM5I AeMOHMYeCKMX C O C T O X H M ~ ~p, a 3 p y I I I a X
3 T U M BCe AOCTMrHyTbIe pwee YCIIeXM.
Ecnn I I P ~ K T H K ~ W I I J MqYBCTBYeT,
~ YTO C 0 3 H W M e 003-
er0 T p e H M p O B K y , OH A O A X e H H e M e A A e H H O
A ~ ~ C T BHYa W
0 6 p a ~ u ~ b cK
n Y'leHOMy HaCTaBHMKy, KOTOP~IH
~ a~y q M T
er0 M e T O A y l l O K O p e H H X AeMOHOB n y T e M l.JMPKyAXLJMM
er0 C03HaHMII Y e p e 3 Y e T b I p e OCHOBHbIe TOYKM A, D,G M
J H a MMKPOKOCMMYeCKOM K p y r e .
A e ~ o ~ MC'le3HYT,
b r K a K TOAbKO O'IpMLJaTeAbHOe Abl-
XaHMenpeo6pa3ye~cxB nOAOXMTeAbHYW X M 3 H e H H O C T b .
BTOC M e P T b W 3 H a H H I I , BeAYuJZ5l K B O C K p e U I e H M W CyJlJ-
240 AAOCCKAII ~ o I ' A rAABA XIV

Bonpoc: K o r ~ a6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ 3apo~b11I1,
b r k ~ o ~ o p b r6i bi 1 AocTaTo'I-
~
HO B 3 P a U J e H B P O X A ~ H H O ~XM3HeHHOCTbIO [CRHB nl52HZ,
yu] B geH.rpe XU 2 y n ( C O A H ~ ~ H cO n
~ ~ e ~ e npo-
~ ~ e )
ABMrZETcJl K B e p X H e M y 8 a U b m.flUlo B M 0 3 v (MU 6 ~ 7 4 b ) ,
~ ~ I B Z A H aAM~e H M e ~ T O ~ OECAM
TM K ~ K O ~ - H M ~3Y ? HeT,
TO K O r A a 3apOAbIIU AOAXeH H a q M H a T b IlOAHMMaTbCX?

OTB~T:
K o r ~ aMMeeTCII 3HaMeHye. b e 3 H e r o KaK xe CMOXeT
3 H~a~T b 0 H X T y n A e H M M MOMeHT,
I I ~ ~ K T u K ~ K ) L I JyM a
noA.aeMa 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~sapo~arrua
oro K ~ 0 3 r y ?~ T U M
3 ~ a -
KOM XBMeTCII ~ O A O T OCBeT,
~ ~ O K ~ ~ ~ I B W Y HB ~AYH-
~ C X
HOM c B e T e , K O T O P ~ I nosB,vieTcJl
~ nepeA r ~ a 3 nap a~K - ~
TMKYIOIIjerO; 3 T 0 TOT MOMeHT, KOrAa 3aPOAblIIl AOAXCH
6 b 1 ~ bIlOAHIIT H a B e p X . n p a K ~ M K y I o U J l l kAOAXBH HeMeA-
AeHHO I I e P e B e C T H 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 CBeT
fi B CBOK) CyyHOCTHyIO
IIpMpOAy M COeAMHMTb O T P M I J ~ T ~ A ~ H ~ [UUB
AyX I~ W3Ub]
M ~ I O A O X U T ~ A ~AyX
H ~ I[XU
~ ,
~ 3 7 4 ~ ~1T 0 6 b 1n o , $ A e p x a T b
ero.
~ I ~ e? y e
~ O A O X U T ~ A ~ HAyX c ~ a 6M n o ~ o 6 eM ~
AWeH-
IJy, M n03TOMY Bb1PaYMB;IlIMII ePO AOAXeH 6 b l ~ b
I I P U M e H e H MeTOA, H ~ ~ ~ I B X"K0pMAeHMe
M ~ I ~ ~PYA~H)".
Cowac~o3TOMY MeTOAy n y c T o e (6ec+op~e~~oe)
H e IIBAlleTCII AMUIeHHbIM BCerO, ~ 6 B0 H e M MMeeTCX 30-
A O T O ~CBeT
~ M n03TOMY O H 0 H e RBAlleTCII IlyCTbIM. OAHO-
B p e M e H H O MCXOAHi35l IIOAOCTb A y X a ( y 3 b l ZjS0 3a MeX-
6 p o ~ b e ~6 ) y ~ M3AyqaTb
e ~ I I P K M ~A Y H H ~ CBeT
I~ M KOrAa
06a C B e T a COeAMHXTCX, T O r A a ~ O A O X H T ~ A ~ AyX
H ~ IB~
B e p X H e M a a U b WUlUe, 6 e 3 ~ 5 1 ~ e x ~ bM
l i~i A ~ C T I I U J M
CMe-
~,
UZETCII C HMMM, Y T O ~ CTaTb
~ I 6 e 3 6 p e x ~ o kn y c ~ o ~ o k .
BTOO ~ ' ~ R C H B ~KPK
T, H;f40 B 3 P a y U B a T b M C0XP;IlIXTb
BCIo MaCCy IIOAOXMTeAbHOrO AyXZl, K 0 ~ 0 p b l kIIBAIIeTCII
OCHOBHO~? LJeAblO M e T O A a "KOPMA~HMR I'py~bK)" AYXOB-
HOrO 3 a P O A b I U I a K o r ~ aI I P ~ K T M K YUJMk
I~ AOCTMrHeT 3TO-
 r0, OH I I O H U M Z T , ' I T 0 0 3 H a ' I a e T BbIXOA A y X a M3 TeAa.
BTOe C T b IIOAHIlTMe 6 e c c ~ e p ~ o 3raop o A b I I I I a K B e p X H e -
M y a a X b mJZ?UO M MO3rY. ~ O TAp e X 3 T a n H b I M n0A'beMOM
n O A p a 3 y M e B a e T u I COeAMHeHMe B O C ~ ~ ~ M ~ B O CUAbI,
& ~ I & J ~ ~
XM3HeHHOCTM M A y X a B OAHO LJeAOe, K O T O p o e n p e B p a -
U J Z T C S B x ~ K M ~A? Y H H ~ CBtY.
I ~ ~ T O A ~ KIIOCAe
O TOrO, K a K
n p a ~ ~ u ~ y w yYBMAMT
uk ~ e ~ f f y C~Hie ri M n a @ m y M e
~ e 6 e c ~ b rgBeTb1,
e AyX BblXOAMT M3 s a p o A b I U a , ' 4 ~ 0 6 b l
CAeAaTbCR ~ ~ c c M ~ ~ T H ~ I M .

Bonpoc: Bb1 CK%aAM, ' I T 0 ~ p e x 3 T a n ~ b lnf Oi A W M COBepLIIaeTC5i OT

rJeH-rpon H u m H e r o , c p e A H e r o u BepxHero 8 a n b mw, u
' I T 0 H W K H M ~& l i b ttUlHb - TO MeCTO, r A e BOCnpoU3BO-
p s r y a s ~c u h a ~ o e cpea-
npeo6pa3ye~crrB 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ceM:
HUG b n b ( C O A H ~ ~ H cOn~ ~
8 u ~ m e~e~- u e TO
) Memo,
r A e X U 3HeHHOCTb n e p e X O A U T B 6 e c c ~ e p ~ b l3apOAbIUl,
i i
a B ~ ~ X H8 a U
X b~m X b - B M 0 3 V (XU 6 a H b ) - 3 T 0 TO
MeCT, me AyX n p e o 6 p a x a e ~ cTaKMM
~ O ~ ~ X ~ O' IM
T 0 , MO-
x e T B ~ I ~ sapo~a~rua.
~u T3 M h e H e c o s c e M RCHO OTHOCM-
TeAbHO B O C ~ P O M ~ B O A I U JCMAbI,
~~~ KOTOPaR M O X e T ripe-
BPaTMTbCR B 6ecc~ep~~
C eoh e
u I4 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ b 31 ai pi -
A ~ I L L IM B ~ I ~ T ~3
M BepxHero 8 a n b mw B n031-y(nu
daHb), 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~~ Oe . X
lTOAy'IMB ~ Y ~ C
0 6T' b~x c, ~ u ~ e
TO no~po6~ee.
B ~ 3I H X T e ,
OTB~T: '4TO IIOAOBaR CBX3b C 0 3 A Z T nOTOMCTB0. ECAM
M ~ X C K O c~ n~ e p ~ a ~ o 3 o u~
BXOAMT B meHcKoe rriigo, KO-
TOpOe eye H e B O ~ ~ Y X A ~ HTOO ,r A a KpOBb XeHrrJMHbI OK-
P y X M T C e M M nOTOMCTB0 6 y ~ Ae ~ ~B O ' I K O ~ IIOAOXU-
,
TeAbHOe [AX] BHYTPM M O T p M g a T e A b H O e [MXD] C H a p y -
Xu. ECAM x e X e H c K O e R ~ Y O6 y ~ ~e 0~3 6 y x ~ Ae 0~TO- o
ro, K a K c n e p ~ a ~ o 3o 0o ~
i i ~~ eB~H e r o , T o r A a c n e p M a
M y X q M H b I OKPYXMT K P B b XeHIIJMHbl M OTnPbICKOM 6y-
AeT MZAbtcMK, IIOAOXMTeAbHOe [AM] C H a p y X M M OlpM-
LJaTeAbHOe [ M X b ] B H Y T M .
CO~A~C HO
AaOCCKOMy YlreHMlo B '4eAOBeUeCKOM T e A e
COW3 A y X a C XH3HeHHOCTbIO I I O p O X A a e T 6ecc~ep~~oe
cehu, KoTopoe noAyYaeTcrr 6~aro~aprrC ~ ~ A M M ~ ~ M M
242 AAoCCKAA nOI'A T U B A XIV

C n e p M b l , nOTOMy ' I T 0 KOrAa AyX H XH3HeHHOCTb C0eAl.i-

HXIOTCX B H M X H e M aa?€l8TKfllte nOA n y n K O M , OHM ~061.1-
P m T BCe C n e p M a T 0 3 0 M A b I H I l p e B p q W T MX B 6ec-
C M e p T H O e CeMX. K o r ~ an o c A e A H e e AOCTaTOYHO B 3 p q e -
HO M 3 p e A 0 , O H 0 H a Y M H Z T CFlSTb. A ~ Hx XM3HeHHOCTb
T O r A a AeAaIOTCX HepZAeAbHbIMM n o ~ o 6 ~Xoe A e 3 y M
MarHMTY. TO AOCTHXeHMe IIBAXeTCX OKOHYaTeAbHbIM M
~ ~ ~ K T M K ~ 6w y~ ~~ YyBCTBOBaTb
eJ ~
H ~ ce6n YBepeHHO M
ZIe3aBMCMMO. c03~;IlIMe nOCTeneHH0 MCYe3HeT, B TO
BpeMX, n O K a CYUJHOCTHaR IlpMPOAa 6 y ~ M
e e~M e H H O
pa7BMBaTbCX. h o x ~ b l eMbICAH n e p e C T a H Y T B03HMKaTb,
OCBO~OXAZ-I n y T b IlpaBMAbHbIM MbIChRM. CO~AMH
A y X a M XM3HeHHOCTM 0 3 H a Y Z T C M e p T b W 3 H W M M BOC-
KpeceHHe cy YHOCTHOG n p w p o A b r . C e p ~ y eM M ~ I C A ~KO-
,
TOpble H e 6 y ~ Tye n~e p b HM BHyTpM HM C H a p y X H , C T W y T
~ ~ ~ M X T ~ X H M~ e MeH~ o ~ 6r yo ~ nyp e~ 6 b 1 ~ a ~BbH e n o -
I y
ABMXHOCTH, npeX,$e YeM CHOBa HaYHYT B M ~ P H ~ B ~
~ T 6U y ~ ~e~~6 p a y wMCTMHHOI'O
x CeMCHM, K O T O p e nOA-
H m a e T c x K yeHTpy t j 3 ~ nz y n ( C O A H ~ Y H Oc~ n~e~e~
rAt? M OCTaHeTCX. TOT IJeHTP IIBIUIeTCII T e M MeCTOM, rAe
XCM3HeHHOCTb M X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXWMe COeAHHRIOTCII,
1r~o6a1 CO3AaTb B p O X A e H H y I O MCTMHHYIO XM3HeHHOCTb,
K O T O p m c n o ~ 6 c ~ 06pa30~an~10
~ y e ~ 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ 3a-
oro
pOAbllIIa
TOT 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ b3apOAbIU1
l i i otipaye~cs!IIyTeM CO-
eAMHeHMX AByX BpOXAeHHblX X H ~ H ~ H H O
B pC
o XT
A~e H~
- :
HOG M C T M H O ~ ~IlPMPOAbI-XM3HeHHOCTM B CYIIJHOCTHO~
I l p M p A e , CBeT K O T O n
~ o~b ~
o 6 e ~CBeTy AyHbI, M B p o X -
A ~ H H O GHCTMHHOG XM3HM-XM3HeHHOCTM B B ~ Y H X
OM~3 -
HM, CBeT K O T O P O ~ ~
YHCTO 30~0~06
K.o r ~ a3 T a CTyneHb
AOCTMrHyTa, n p a K ~ c l K y I O l y H 6 H e AOzVKeH OCTaBaTbCII B
naCCMBH0M (y $36)' COCTOIIHW, a AOAXeH H a n p a B H T b
aKTMBHOe B H y ? p e H H e e A b I X W M e , q ~ 0 6 b 1AOCTM'lb B P O X -
A ~ H H OB ~H~ Y T ~ ~ HXM3HeHHOCTM
H ~ ~ M B O ~ T HB H e e AAtI
ee YCMAeHHII, O ~ ~ X + O B M M I IM B3PaLLJMBWMR 6ecc~ep~-
HOrO 3 a p O A b I I I I a
Tenepb I I P ~ K T M K Y ~ O Y M ~A~O A X e H MCIIOAbJOBaTb
XM3HeHHOCTb B CBOeM CepALJe, r~o6arYCnOKOMTb BHYT-
p e H H e e A b l X M M e , IlOTOMy q T O eCAM X M 3 H e H H O e AblXa-
HMe H e 6 y ~ PelyAMpOBaTbCII,
e ~ TO 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ b 31a ip io -
AbIIII H e C M O X e T ll0AHOCTbK) Pa3BUTbCX. OH A O A X e H CO-
CpeAOTaqMBaTbCH H a AyXe, 3 a 6 b 1 ~BCe OTHOCMTeAbHO 3 a -
pOAb1 W a , HaXOAJllIJerOCII BHYTPM er0 XM3HeHHOCTM; 3T0
~ H U ~ ~eIJJefi
Ha3bIBaeTCII " B O ~ B ~ ~ ~ J MHPMa& M K eAMHOMy
IJ~AoM~", B T e ~A H H a R MCTMHHaR X U 3 H e H H O C T b IIBAleT-
CII I ~ O A O X M T ~ A ~ XM3HeHHOCTbiO
HO~~ [ l l Y
~ U ] CYYHOCT-
~ 0 f IlpUpOAbI,
i c o e ~ ~ ~ X r o y e f Ci co T
x PMLJ~T~A~H
XoM~3 -
HeHHOCTbK) [ U W ~l$4] ~ e l l ~ o XMBHM,
f i '1~06~1 IIpeBpa-
TMTbCX B T y e A M H y I 0 CyIIJHOCTHyKl X M 3 H e H H O C T b , KOTO-
paR 3HaMeHyeT IIOAHOTy ~ O ~ M M ~ ~ B W3 M
a p oI AI b I W a .
~ O C A ~ A HH~y X
~ HOO ~ ~ I C T ~IIOAHIlTb
C J K M03ly. TO
I I O A X M K BePXHeMY aaUb tWI?d?O, r A e COeAMHeHMe n O A 0 -
X H T k A b H O r O H OTPULJaTeAbHOrO A y X a M MX BO3BpaIIJeHMe
K M 0 3 l y C03Aa&YT e ~ u ~ b O
l A B~P O X A ~ H H ~ I ~ ~
k HOPOAH~I~
IIOAOXUT~A ~ HC~O
AyX. I~~ A H H lIOAOXMTeAbHOr0
~HU~ U
OTPMLjaTeAbHOl'O A y X a AOCTMraeTCX COeAMHeHMeM (HAM
cTxruB;UIueM n y T e M c ~ a m u ~ m u sxp) a q ~A
a e n o r o rAX+a,
BbIyaXCWILjeI'O I I O A O X H T ~ A ~
blfi
H AyX, CO 3 P a q K O M llpa-
BOPO, IlpeACTaBluriOJlJeI'O OTPMLJ~T~b
Al ~k HAyX AAII KOH-
yeHTpaguu H a yeHTpe BepxHero aane m m B ~ 0 3 r y(nu
daub). Ha 3 T O M 6 y ~ gyBCTBOBaTb
3TaIIe H e e ~ AbIXaHMII,
BXOAXYerO B TeAO M BbIXOA53yeFO M3 H e r o . 6 y ~ 9yBCT-
e ~
BO ~ ~ ~ M I I T ~ X H O C TnH o
, ~ ~ o f~ iA W ~ H C T B ~M, UIeCTb
qyBCTB OTKAK)qaTCX, ' I T O ~ ~OTKpbITb
I CYIIJHOCTHYIO n p M -
244 MOCCKAA I ~ o ~ A rAABA XIV

p O A y , K O T O p U C O B e p i u e H H a M M3AyYaeT C M A I O I ~ J MU~ BCe-

n p o f l u ~ a m y ~CBeT
ii XM3HeHHOCTM.
K o r A a 3 T O T CBeT IIOABMTCA, H e 6 y ~ HM
e ~AHA, HM HO-
'IM; 3 T 0 CMAHUe M BCe 3 a n o ~ ~ m o ~y A
~ k~ C
AWKy T n p a K -
TMKylOUJeMy YTeLLIeHHe M OH n p u o 6 p e ~ eBCe
~ UeCTb
CBepX.beCTeCTBeHHbIX cnoco6~oc~eii. TO BbICWee AO-
CTMXeHMe.
CO B p e M e H e M O H O T K P O e T MHOrO H ~ O ~ ~ I Y H ~ I
De-
y e k . OH H e A O A X e H IlOAbJOBaTbCA 3 ~ 0 kXM3HeHHOC-
THO, a A o A x e H A e p x a T b c r r geH-rpa nu h n e , r ~ o 6 b 1ero
C O J H a H M e H e CMYTMI\OCb. BTOTO, ' I T 0 O ~ ~ I ' I H HmbIBiUOT
O
M c Y e p n a H M e M MMPCKMX ~ e l y e kM 3~M
o cYepnaHMe n0A-
HO ~ A W ~ H C T B Z BTOM c Y e p n a H M e H e ABAXeTCA HM C M e p -
TblO, HM YHMYTOXeHMeM, HO n O A T B e p X A e H M e M nOAHOTb1
M 3 P A O C T M ~ ~ C C M ~ P T H 3aPOAbILLIa,
O~O n o ~ o 6 ~ o ApKO-
ro
M y n 0 A y A e H H O M y WAHIJY.
TO ~ ~ C O A I O T H U IIyCTOTa, KOTOPZSi, OAHaKO, He
nycTa.K o r ~ aIIOABAfllOTCA TWLJylOLIJMe B I l P O C T P W C T D e
CHeXMHKM, K X LJBeTbI, 6 e c n o p s ~ o v ~
no~ a m y u Ce H e -
6a, TOrAa KaK pa3 H a C T y n M T B p e M M A A y X a B ~ I ~ TM3 M
3apoAbIUZ ECAM AyX H e BbIXOAMT H a 3TOM 3 T a n e , TO 3 T 0
H a 3 b I B Z T C A " ~ O A ~ C T B O B ~ H My ~MMe P T B O r O ~ e ~ a " .

Bonpoc: Bb1 rOBOpMAM 0 TWIJylOUJeM C H e r e M n a @ l o l y M X gBC3Ta.X.

h e M n o Y e M y gBeTb1 n&b,mT C ~e6a?
ECAM ~
OTB~T: O A O X M T ~ A ~AyX
H ~ [RH
I ~ 2 U 3 ~ b ]COeAMHIleTCIl C OT-
PMIJaTeAbHbIM, Y T O ~ ~C I0 3 A a T b e ~ M ~ b 1OkA H O P O A H ~ I
B ~ O X A ~ Hb16
H AyX, n o c ~ e ~ ~ BbIXOAMT
crk M3 COeAMHeHMII
XM3HeHHOCTM-npMpOAb1 M XM3HeHHOCTM-XU3HM, KaK
3 T 0 n O K a 3 a H 0 H a n P M B e A e H H O M 3AeCb PMCyHKe.

1. C ~ ~ H O C TnpupoAa
HU
2. B ~ Y XHM 3~H b
3. 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ 3apOAbILLI
b l k
T O A ~ KB OCAyYae, eCAU 3TOT 3apOAbILU BbI-
P a y e H XM3HeHHOCTblO M ABhReTCSl IlOAHblM M
3 P e A b I M , M O X H O YBMAeTb I l e p e A Ma3aM1.i g B e -
 TbI, ~ ~ Z U O u J HC e~ e 6 aK, O T O p b I e n O K a 3 b I B W T , ' I T 0 n P M -
U A O Bpt?MA n O K H H Y T b 3aPOAbIIII H 3 T 0 C A e A y e T CAeAaTb
HeMeAAeHHO. TaliLJyIOUJHk C H e r y K a 3 b I B Z T H a IlOAHOe
pa3BUTHe 3 a p O A b I U a
h ~ p ~ a px xy a - I I ~ , KOMMeHTUPYR X y 3k MUH
l . J 3 1 1 ~ ~ ,CKa3iM: ''3~0
Bpt?MIl AAII T O r O , ' I T O ~ ~BI~ I G T MM3
EUH
~~~MT~XH OC~ ~T
P ~M
K T.M K Y I O UHJ eM OCTaDHT
~ 3T0
COCTOIIHHe, OH YBII3HeT B AYXOBHOM T e A e , nOTOHeT B
~ ~ ~ M T ~ X H O C THM H e AOCTHrHeT 'IpWCLJeHAeHTHblX
cnoco6~oc~eii,
KOTOpbIe MOrYT n03BOAMTb e M y n p O I I B -
AIITbCII B ~ ~ C K O H ~ W M
OHMO X e C T B e n p e ~ p a u ~ e ~ TeA.
~ b l x
K o r ~ a6 y A y ~BUAHbI c H e r H LJBeTbI, Ayx A o A X e H nOKH-
HYTb C M e p T H O e TeAO H u ~ o 3 6 y x ~ e ~ ~MbICAbW*
b l i i BO~TW
B BeAMKyIO n y ~ ~ 0 T ' j 4 .
TOT, K T 0 H e IIOAYYMA y ~ a 3 a l i U f i O T O n b I T H O r O H a -
CTaDHMKa, H e 3 H a e T 3 T O r 0 MeTOAa.

Bonpoc: B Xysk M M H I 3 3 U H C K ~ ~ ~ H"He

O : n o ~ y q u ~ my K~a 3ka -
H M O~T O n b I T H O r O H a C T a D H H K a H e 3 H a e T K;UC 4 ~ 0 3 6 y ~ H ~ b
MbICAb* H a B C T ' j n A e H U e B DeAMKYIO ~ Y C T O T ~ "~. T M
CAOBa
H e Y'IaT MeTOAy OCTaBAeHMII 3 a p O A b I U a . He H a y ' I U T e AM
Bbl MeHII MY?
OTB~T:Bbl AOAXHbI nOAHIITb A Y X O B H ~ CBeT
I~ K MOBIT ( X U 6 a X b )
M OH H a ' I H e T M3Ay'IaTb CBeT XM3HeHHOCTM, BHy'IpM KO-
TOpOrO 6 y ~ BHAHbl
y ~ nemuque CHeXUrtKL.4 M m a n q p -
e4@4 . l Zjdembl. TO ~ ~ C O A I O T HIlyCTOTa,
~H npHHMMWrrJaJI
+ O ~ M ~ . ' X O T XK-eTCS, ' I T 0 T a M e C T b A e n T e A b H O C T b , HO
+~KTM'~~CK
- M3 T 0 HeAeIIHMe (Y 63~2)M, XOTII K a e T C R ,
'4TO O~PUYK)TCII KaKMC-TO O ' I e P T a H H I I , B A ~ ~ C T B M T ~ A ~ -

' Xya-mi - wax. B ~ u Am

y Xya-ns
HOHM'leCKiUI KHUra B 0 3 B P a ~ C H MK XH3HCHHOCZW
( w B~!LIJC). X y l i M u r 1.j314~
- OAWH W3 Ra-X TCKCTOB no
("Ka-
~ ~ eWMHHi (i n p u m , tupe6.).
246 AAOCCKrUI n O r ~ r M B A XIV

HOCTM TO T O A ~ K OC Y ~ A M M ~ ~ A
M yXx a TO cy6nu~agwr
KaK BHeIUHerO, TPK M BHyTpeHHerO.
OAHHM3 ApeBHMX 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ bCKZM.4: r x "@0pMa
o 6 p a 3 y e ~ cLao
~ ( ~ ~ c c M ~ ~ T MM ~XM3Hb M ) CTWOBMTCX
6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~npuo i i n o M o y u a n x n M u u , KOTOP~R 3 a u m -
YaeTCX B 3aMMCTBOBaHMM H ~ O ~ " ~ W M Y ~ B
HPHOO
X~A~HHO~
XM3HeHHOCTM &AX npo&AeHMX CyLtJeCTBOBWMX O r p W M -
Y ~ H T~~ A
O ~ ~C H($0pMbl,
O ~ ~ APYrMMH CAOBaMM, 3 T a H e o r -
PaHMYeHH'U BPOWAeHHaR XM3HeHHOCTb, KOTOPaR XBAX-
eTCX M C T M H H O CyIlJHOCTbIO
~~ nOAOXMTeAbHOF0 M OTpMya-
TeAbHOrO [AnMne] H a Y a B nPOCTPiWCTBe M e X & y He-
6 0 M~ sewek, n p u M e t l a e T c r r +$M COSAWMX 6 e c c ~ e p -
H o r o 3 a p o ~ b l r n a , ~ o ~ o p a T~efn ie p b o 6 p e ~ a e($op~y"
~
TO COeAMHeHMe nOAOXMTeAbHOr0 &yXa C OTpMyaTeAb-
H ~ I MAYXOM H TO c o e A u H e H u e ~ ~ M ~ B O A6M e cTc ~ e p -
H blfi 3 a p O A b I U . ~ O C A ~ A HCO3&ZTCX
M ~ B pe3yAbTaTe CO-
eAUHeHMX &yXOBHOrO O T g a M A Y X O B H O ~MaTepM B TeAe
npaKmKymyero. A p y r u ~ uU o B a M u , coeAuHeHMe uc-
TMHHbIX IIOAOXUTeAbHOl'O H OTPHYaTeAbHOrO Harlan.
O ~ ~ I ~ HYeAOE\reCKOMy
OMY 3 a p & b I I I I y , CO3&aHHOMy
~ ~ O A O X M T ~ A CBX3bm
~ H O ~ ~ OTlJa M MaTePM, ~ 6 - Ae-
CXTb [ A Y H H ~ I X ] MeCIIyeB, ' 1 ~ 0 6 b 1 CAeAaTbCX M W e H g e M ,
ITAOAOM XM3HeHHbIX CMA p ~ & M ~ & % e f~i .O & O ~ H Xe 06-
~ I M
pa30M ~~CCM~PTHOM Y
3aPO&bILUY, ~ 0 ~ 0 p b l f3aY
i MHaeTCX
COe&MHeHMeM I T O A O X U T ~ A ~ H O ~ ~M O T P H ~ ~ T ~ A X~ HH3 -O ~
H ~ H H O C TB ~C ~O ~ C T B ~ H H O M
TeAe IIpaKTMKyIOJlJerO, TaK-
me ~ p e 6 y e &eCXTb
~ c ~ M e c X y e B ,+A ~ ~ ~ C T B ~ H3H
a BOe p~- O
IUeHMX ( n o - K M T ~ C K M
BO3P;LCT OTCYHTblBaeTCX CO &HR
3aqa~wr).
K o r ~ aCTaHOBXTCX BMAHbI IJBeTbI, n W a r o y M e 6ecno-
PXAOYHO C ~ e 6 aTOT@
, I ~ P ~ K T M K Y I ~AOIUKeH
~ ~ J M ~ITpUhIe-
~
HMTb MeTOb, " n o 3 6 y m & e ~ ~Mx~ I C A U " , q ~ 0 6 b 1COBepILIMTb
ITpbIXOK B BeAMKyIo IIyCTOTJ', M OH B b I f i ~ e TM3 6ec-
CMepTHOrO 3apOAbIIUa K o r ~ aCBeT C Y I ~ J H O C T H On~P H p -
&bI COeAUHMTCX CO CBeTOM ~ e l r ~ 0XMBHM,6 TOr&a s a p -
A ~ I I Unpmep + o p ~ y
c a ~ o r onpamn~yro yero, KOTOP~R
CO3&lHa AYXOBHbIM OTLJOM M MaTePbIO, TO eCTb nOAOXH-
 f iO
~ e h b ~ oM T P H L J ~ T ~ A ~ H O XM3HeHHOCTM
~~ er0 C O ~ C T B ~ H -
H o r o TeAa. A p y r u ~ uC A o n a M u TO c o e a u H e H u e noaomu-
TeAbHOrO M OTPMLJaTeAbHOrO AyXa, KOTOpbIe C 0 3 A W T
M C T M H H ~~I ~y Bx CBOH) o q e p e A b npeo6pa3ymy~iiero T e -
AeCHOCTb B nap, K O T O P ~ I 3~a T e M M O X e T C O ~ U P ~ T ~ C I I ,
' i ~ 0 6 b 1IlYMHMMaTb TeAeCHbIe + O P M ~ I . TO BPOXAeHH;LI1
XM3HeHHOCTb BO B P O X A e H H O M COCTOXHMM, KOTOPU
+~KTH~~~C KM
XBAXeTCX MCKAIO'IMTeAbHO ~ O A O X U T ~ A ~ H O ~ ~
XM3HeHHOCTbIO MAM IIOAOXMTeAbHbIM AYXOM, C03AaJ-i-
H O nRTbIO
~ TMnaMM r A a 3 (CM. H M X ~ ) U UIeCTbIO CBepX-
H O p M a b H b I M M C ~ O C O ~ H O C T I I M MK, O T O P ~ I ~
BMAeH Apy-
rMM, MOX<eT rOBOPMTb, M O X e T 6 p a ~ bn p e A M e T b 1 M We-
e T TaKMe >Ke q e p T b 1 , KaK M C O ~ C T B ~ H HTeAO
O ~ IIPaKTHKY-
lo yero.
O ~ p M L J a ~ e A b ~ b 1&yX,
fi B H A U M ~ In~p a K T M K y l O Y M M ,
KOrAa OH 3 a K p b I B X T r A a 3 2 , C03AXTC.A n e p B b I M M I I R T b l o
TpZlHCLJeHAeHTHbIMM cnoco6~oc~
Mx ~M~e T C X
RB OTM-
LJaTeAbHbIM AyXOBHbIM AbIXaHMeM, KOTOPOe BMAMT APY-
rMX, HO HeBMAMMO AAR HMX, H e M O X e T rOBOPMTb M H e
M O X e T 6 p a T b n p e A M e T b l , M n 0 3 T O M y IIBhReTC5I C M e p T -
HbIM, B TO BPeM5I KaK ~ O A O > K M T ~ A ~ H ~6
AYX ~&e cc~ep~e~
M CYIIJeCTBYeT no '
)7 CTOPOHY P O X A e H H X M CMCPTM.
ECAM H e 6 e c ~ b 1 k3aTBOp (~llo
M 3 M b HAM 0m6ep~m~e
5
6 p a x ~ b zH a M a K y l l l K e I'OAOB~I) H e OTKPbIT, TO n O A O X H -
~ e T~e A a M ~ ~ ~ K T H K ~ TH
T e h b ~ b l kAyX H e ~ b 1 f i M3 P K~ Y U ~
M OCTWeTCII O p W M ' 4 e H H b I M 'IeAODeKOM. BTO IIOTOMY
qTO OH H e BCTPeTHA OnbITHOrO HaCTaBHHKa. ~ O ~ T O MII Y
IIpM3blBXO BCeX YqaIlJMXCX O ~ P ~ T M T ~ C
K HY e H b I M H a -
CTaDHMKaM 3 1 YCTHbIMM ~ ~ ' ~ I I C H ~ H U IM
IMe TM
OAa BbI-
XOAa B BeAMKyEO nyCTO?y.
Bce MOM YYeHMKM 3 H W T 3TOT MeTOA; n O 3 T O M y II CO-
BeT)'H) BCt3M ITPaKTUKyIOyMM O ~ P ~ T U T ~ C
K AHMM 3a YCT-
Hb1M.U YKa3ZUIUSIMM.
248 AAOCCKAII f i 0 r ~ T U B A XIV

OTB~T:
TO H e 6 e ~ H b l e ,3 e M H b l e , AyXOBHble, SeAOBeqeCKMe H n p H -
s p a u ~ b r e ma3a He6ec~arema3a BWT Bce T e n o H a
TPwrJaTH TpeX ~e6ecax.3 e - b ~ wa3a BHMT 18 MOB.
A y x o ~ ~ b r Ae a 3 a , l4AH Ma32 XMJHeHHOCTH BMAXT KaK
n p o m n b r e , TaK H 6 y ~ y q C~Oe~ ~ I T WBI M H p e . v e ~ o ~ e r e
KUe ma3a B H M T BelIJM, IlPOMFXOAMBLUHe A 0 w X A e ~ l 4 6
M c ~ e p ~ e Hk , n p ~ s p a r ~ b rrna3a
e BHWT repes ropaI,
3CYvUKl M M e T U .
 M b l M M e e M AeAO C CO3AaHMeM IIOAOXMTeAbHOrO M
OTPMIJaTeAbHOrO A y X a , K a K 3 T O M y JWaT OIIbITHbIe H a -
CTWHMKM. ~ O A O X C L T ~ A ~ H ~ [IR~H Z U 3 H b ] BMAeH AIO-
AYX
lfi [uHb U L ~ H ~ ]
M M , B TO B P e M A K a K 0 l p M I J a ~ e ~ b ~ b AyX
H e BMAeH UM, HO C a M M O X e T MX BUAeTb. K o r ~ aIIpaKTM-
K Y I ~ U J MAOCTMr
~~ 3 T O r 0 3 T W a , eCAM O H H e IIOAylrMA H a -
AeXIbIX y ~ a 3 a H u f iT
, O r A a O H W 3 A X . T AMLUb O'IpMIJaTeAb-
~ b 1 f AyX
i M CAeAaeTCIl I l p O B M A y e M I I A a H a I I P M B M A ~ H MM
~~
AyXOB. C 0 3 A W M e M IIOAOXMTeAbHOTO A y X a I I O A p a 3 y -
M e B a e T C I l OTKpbITMe H ~ ~ ~ c H o3 aIT-B0O p a ( M O M H b H a
MaKyIUKe ~ O A O B ~ I ) . ECAM ~ O C A ~ A H 3Ma K~p ~b I T , TO no-
IlBMTCR ~ T p M l j a ~ e ~ b AyX.
~ b ~ f i
 c k K p b 1 T M e MXO M 3 H b 0 6 e c n e q ~ ~ aOCy
e ~YeCTBAeHMe
IUeCTM CBepX5eCTeCTBeHHbIX cnow6~oc~efi,
IIOCTOXH-
CTBO cMIllOIIJe6 n p H p o A b 1 C e p A g a M I I P K M ~ CBeT
~ XM3HeH-
HOCTM.
XIV (14-fi 3Tm) JWUa IIOAHX-
n p e ~ b 1 ~ y y l y a rJA
l aBa
TMK) 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~3oa rP 0
A b I I I I a U P a C C M a T p M B a A a MeTOA
~ 3 p a q u ~ aero~m npu n o M o y c l ~ o c n p o ~ s n o ~ s r yCM- eii
AbI, XH3HeHHOCTM M A y X a
OH ~ ~ K A I O ~ ~ TBCPBBMTMM
I I I~~CTO
KOTT~OIP,~
e y e 6 o ~ e en y c T a , a 60-
TaK>Ke B a K y y M a , K O T O P ~ I elye
~~
Ace O n y C T O l r r e H , T a K 9 T O CYLIJH0CTHa.H n p M P O A a CT2HO-
BMTCX n o ~ o 6 ~ onfyiC T O M y IIpOCTpaHCTBy M K TOMY me
cno6o~~ OTa I ~ ~ H B R ~ ~ H H o nc 0T3 T~O~M~Y; O H a H a 3 b I B X T -
CH ~ ~ C O A E O T H~O~~C~ T O T O ~ . ECAM nPMAeP>KHBaTbCX MAeM
C B O ~ O A H O ~ npOCTpakICTBa,
O TO 3 T 0 n O M e U I X T peZiAM3a-
rJMM ~ ~ C O A I O T H O
nYCTOTb1,
~ ~ 6 ~0~ C O A I O T H ~n yAC T O T a
A O A X H a 6 b l ~ b~ C T ~ C T B ~ H H A
O~x ~e , H e C B R ~ ; L H H OC~ ~
M ~ e e f iCyYeCTBOBaHMX. TO n p a B M ~ b H b 1 f i MeTOA 06%-
eAMEjeHMX C O K ~ ~ B ~ H CH~ O
~ ~~J H O C T HIIpMpOAbI
O~ C CO-
~ 0~f i X M 3 H b l O U H e M M e e T HW'lel'O O ~ I I J C T O
K ~ O B ~ H HB eOq H
C 3 a K p b I B W M e M r A a 3 &UI H e n O A B M X H O r O CMAeHMX B M e -
AMTalJMM.
] E ~ ~ ~ M X T ~ X H O C T ~ 3 a P O A b l I I I a 3aBMCMT TOAbKO OT H e -
n o ~ o ~ e 6 ~B e~p aol in pi a K T M K y w y e r o ; B T e s e H M e AeCHTM
MeCXlJeB er0 @ o p ~ M p o B a H M I ly M 1 1 p a K T M K y K ) y e r O AOA-
XeH 6b1~H
b a n p a B A e H MCKAlO9MTeAbHO H a H e r o . Ha 3TOM
s T a n e HM POT, HM cepAye (TO e c T b HM CAOBO, HM M ~ I C A ~ )
H e AOAXHbI 6 b 1 ~ bH a I I p a B A e H b I H a 3apOAblIII, 6e3~x~em
HOCTb KOTOPOrO IIOAJWXTCX B p e 3 y A b T a T e OCTaHOBKM
MbICAMTeAbHOrO n p o g e C C a , a Y n p a B M I e M O e AblX2HMe
IIPMBOAMT K er0 nOAHOMy pa3BMTMlO U POCTy.
K o r ~ an p a ~ ~ u ~ y r oBMAMT y ~ i i ~ e ~ x yc H~e ir Hi na-
A a l O Y M e IJBeTbl, AMI TOrO, Y T O ~ ~ T M6 e c c ~ e p ~
B I~ I ~ ~ M3
H O r O 3 a p O A b I I U a y H e r 0 A O A X H a K a K M O X H O C K O p e e BO3-
HMKHYTb MbICAb 0 BbIXOAe B B e ~ ~ ~ ~y~ rc Too T J I ,M 3 T a
MbICAb OTKPOeT e M y ~ e 6 e c ~ b 1 f3 ia T B O p (MRO ~ 3 ~
COAHrJa M AYHbl (TO e C T b O ~ O M Xr ~ a 3 ) KOTOpbIe
, OH, T e -
Bonpoc: He 0 6 ' b % c ~ w ~ e AM B ~ n
I o ~ p o 6 ~M
e ee T o A O c y y e c T B A e H m
3TOr0 B ~ I X O A ~ ?

3 X I O CAeAaTb er0 AOCTYnHbIM AIM BCeX IIPaKTMKYlO4MX

aAXUMMlO. T ~ XK3AeCb H C A e A W .
B A ~ ~ ~ C T B M T ~ A ~ H OCCyTy M
eCTBOBW MeTOA BblXOAa M3
6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ 3oarpoo ~ b r r u aY Gecswc-
T O ~ n~ oIX B l u r T b c x B
AeHHOM M H O X e C T B e I I p e B p a y e H H b I X T e a , HO er0 T e I I e p b
VYAHO o c y y e c ~ ~ u ~P bm .b m e mun q e n T no w e H M
k u i b IIH-cy, K O T O P ~ I ~~ O A H O C ~ pa3BmA
W C B O ~6ec-
c ~ e ~ ~ b3apOAbIIU
l f i M BMAeA IJBeTbI, 6 e c n o p ~ ~ o .na-
r~o
Aamyne C ~ e 6 aHO
, T a K K;U( O H H e n0AyYMA y ~ a 3 ; ~ ~ ~ f
OT OnblTHbIX HXTaBHMKOB, TO e M y H e yAa.AOCb O C y y e C T -
BMTb BbIXOA.T~KHM 06pa30~OH 6 b 1 ~HaCTOAbKO me
HeCBeAyJlJ, ~10606M M ~ C K OYeAOBeK,
KaK M ~ HeCMOTPX
H a B03MOXHOCTb AOCTMXeHWl B ~ Y H O XH~ 3 H M , &MyeG-
CX CTOAbKO me, CKoAbKO CYJlJeCTBYWT ~ e 6 0 H 3ew.
11o3~~ee naqmapx AK, ~ a 6 - Y a I I b ' n o c A a e M y c a e A y r o -
y M e CTMXM:

1
Am XaG-sam (wan Am Xaii~xam,X B.) - A-nG naTpnapx, ~ H W na-rpw-
K
apxa k i i A ~ H ~ u uHc~m, B H H C ~--nu
~ w r r p c ~ e a m ~ee~ pacgecra
w ~
e naocutwr Homx mroAax XI;F--Y~RFII
m. (npweu. nrpe6).
Puc. 31
~OAY'VHB 3 T 0 CTM-
XOTBOpeHMe, 1 \ ~ bAH-
cy p a , ~ , o c ~ sax~onan
~ o B
Aa,A,OUlM M H e M e A A e H H O
BbIUleA M3 3aPOAbILUa.
TO 6 b 1 ~ oy u e H u e n a T -
puapxa y.
llaqmapx Am Xya-
IIH C K a 3 W : llKorAaBMA-
H ~ Inqa~oryuec H e r n
LJBeTbI U IIpMIIIAO B p e -.
h4H l70KMHyTb 'IeAOBi2-
qecKoe TeAo, TO ~aii
BO3HMKH)ITb MbICAH 06
 Bce ITpMBeAeHHbIe BbIUle n o y q e H m MMeIOT AeAO C
BbIXOAOM M3 3 a p o A b I U l a , XOTX OHM pa3AMq;uoTCX @ O ~ M Y -
AMpOBKaMM, OAHaKO B OCHOBe MX A e X M T O A H a M T a Xe
MAeX. K o r ~ a3aPOAbIUl IlOAHOCTbH, pa3BUACX, CHer M
rJBeTb1 c T a n M B M A H ~ I na&uoyuMM B 6 e c n o p ~ ~ ~TO
e,
BMAHO r A a 3 a M I I p a K T M K y I O y e r O . K o r ~ an X T b XM3HeH-
H ~ I X~ a r x a n ~ fBi :c e p A g e , n e s e H M , m w B o T e , A e r K M x M no-
VKaX c o 6 ~ p a m ~ uB rr o A o B e , TorAa ~ y nx p o 6 w s a e ~ c.re-
~
p e 3 MCXOAHylO nOAOCTb A y X a (3a ~ e m 6 p o s b e ~ )q ~
, 06b1
HOAHXTbCX K H e 6 e c ~ o ~3 ayT B O p y ( M O M ~ H B ) y, e p 3
~ ~ IlPOCKaAb3bIBaeT B B e m ~ y m~ Y C T O T Y .
K O T O P ~ IOH
BTO y q e H M e @ O P M ~ A M P ~ w ~ T6 ~ p a n ~ e XM3-
nXTM
HeHHbIX ~ b I x a H M f i , CBeAeHMe K LJeHTpy (COAH~~HOMY
c ~ A ~ T ~ H M Hl ,i )e T b I p X OCHOBHbIX TO'IeK (A, G, D,J ) ,
IlepeMeWMBaHMe T X COCT~BIWIOLIJMX, TO e C T b B O C n p o -
~ 3 ~ 0 A S i y e fCMAbI,
i XM3HeHHOCTM H AyXa, M COeAMHeHMe
AByX ( ~ O A O X H T ~ A ~ H O I ' OM O T P M L J ~ T ~ A ~ H OA~ yOX)a B eAM-
Hoe yehoe.
1. 3AeMeElT &JAY (c~BCP)

B COOTBeTCTBMM C ~ O A O X ~ H H B
O ~OCHOBy
~ AOKTpH-
~ ~ fKOI'Aa
i , TeAO H e ~036yx&e~o, BOCnpOM3BOAXya5l CM-
A a c ~ a 6 ~ ~ ~ 3 ~ups A oe M
~ eaH Tn BOAM
a A s u x e T c a K roAo-
Be; K O r A a CepALJe H e ~o36yx&e~o, AbIXWUe YlcpenMeT-
CX M 3 A e M e H T OFHS A ~ W K ~ T C IKI rOAOBe; KOI'Aa CYLLJHOCT-
H a R n p M p o A a 6 e 3 ~ 5 1 ~ e ~p a~3 ya M, H b I e A y m n COICpbITbI M
3 A e M e H T A e P B a A B M e T C I I K rOAOBe; KOrAa C T a C T M 3a-
T H X W T , XMBOTHbIe AyUlM O C A ~ ~ ~ R I O THU3~A e M e H T M e -
T U a A B M e T C I I K I'OAOBe; K O r A a 3TM ' I e T b I p e 3 A e M e H T a
BOA^, O r O H b , A e p e B O M M ~ T W A HaXOAXTUl
) B rapM0-
HMM, M H T e M e K T c ~ a 6 mM
e 3~A e M e H T 3eMAM A B M e T C I I K
r0AOBe. T ~ K M06pa30~
M BCe lTIITb XM3HeHHbIX ~ b 1 ~ a I - I ~ f
CXOAXTCX B rOAOBe T a K , KaK 3 T 0 nOKa3aI-IO H a PMCYHKe.
K o r ~ aIIRTb X M 3 H e H H b I X ~ b 1 x a H M f i CXOAJiTUl B FOAOBe,
~ O A O T OCBeT
~~ IIOIIBlUIeTCII M COeAMHIIeTUl CO CBeTOM
XM3HeHHOCTM, KOTOP~IG B03HMKaeT IIOCAe I I e P M e U M -
B W M X TpeX OCHOBH bIX COCTaBAIIIOIIJMX (TO e C T b BOCIIpO-
~ 3 ~ 0 b p I I J e f CUAbI,
i XM3HeHHOCTM U A Y X ~ ) . TO COeAMHe-
H u e MCTMHHbIX IIOAOXHTeAbHOrO M OTPMLJaTeAbHOrO H a -
¶a,1.13 KOTOPbIX HCXOAHT 6 e c c ~ e p ~ b SapoAbIUI,
1 6 'ITO-
6a1 IIPUHXTb TeAeCHyIO + O ~ M Y .
H u ~ a ~ os akp o & b r m H e M o X e T 6 b l ~ bCOSAW B 6ec-
IIAOAHOM MYXCKOM TeAe, IIOTOMy W O ANI 3TOrO AOAXeH
KOTOP~IG npOABMHyA 6 b 1 X M 3 -
6 b 1 ~ bT B O P ' I ~ C ITOpbIB,
KM~
H e H H O e A b I X W M e B nOAOCTb XM3HeHHOCTM (LJ~HTP H M -
H e r o a a n b mtur) AAJI 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~T~ ~
1 1MA ~ X O B H O ~3a- O
e 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ ~n ~
p o A b I m a l l o c ~ ero p a1
r <, ~ u K y ~ o y u iAOA-
i
X e H co6pam IlRTb XM3HeHHbIX ~ b 1 ~ ~ M MIIOABeCTH
f i MX
K FOAOBe AAH TOrO, ' I T o ~~~~IC T & H OTKPbITbUl
T ~ MCXOA-
H Y m IIOAOCTb A y x a ( Z j 3 ~ tyro 3a ~ e m 6 p o n b e ~ )K
. or~a
H e 6 e c ~ b 1 G3aTBOP ( M m M 3 H b H a M a K y U l K e I V A O B ~ I ) OT-
KpOeTCA, A B a CBeTa, KOTOpbIe ~ ~ I AC M
O ~ P Z W ~BI MCXOA-
HOG IIOAOCTM A y X a ~ b I f i a J W , ' I T O ~ ~npeBpaTMTCX
I B 30A0-
Toe caeseHue pa3MepoM c 6 o ~ b m o eK o A e c o , BWM KO-
H AyX (TO e C T b ~ ~ C C M ~ P
TOpOl'O I I O A O X U T ~ A ~b1G b1G
TH'Ie-
I ~ er0
A O B ~ K ) CMAMT IIPIIMO, B TO B P M H KaK K ~ X H ~CBeT
OTpMIJaTeAbHOrO AbIXaI-IUII [ U W ~8241 npeo6paye~cxB
AeMOHa, K O T O ~ ~IIPUMeHMT
I ~ ~ BCe YAOBKM, ' I T o ~ CO-
~I
6 A a 3 ~ M T ber0. ECAM CePALJe (YM) lT03BOAMT ce6e yBAe'4b-
CII T e M , ' I T 0 O H BMAMT M CAbIIUMT, TO I I O A O X H T ~ A ~ H ~
AyX MC'IeSHeT, YCTylTaJI IIyTb AeMOHy, K O T O P ~ I3aCTaBMT
~~
npaKTuKyroyero n p o i i ~ urepes mecm c+ep cyryec~~o-
 BZlHWi; T O r A a I l p o I l w y T BIIyCTyIo BCe AOCTMrHyTbIe pa-
Hee ycnexw.
Bce 3 T 0 ITPOMCXOAHT OT H ~ I ~ ~ Z ~ B MIIPaKTMKM
A ~ H O ~ M
OTCYTCTBMX PeUlUMOCTM I I O K O m H T b CO CMePTHOCTbK).

Bonpoc: I l o X a A y f i c ~ a ,HayYMTe M e m , K a K O T ~ ~ ~ C3 TU0 AeMO-

T ~
lrIlYeCKOe IlPeIIXTCTBMe, Y T O ~ IIOAYYMTb
~ I MCTMHHOe H e -
yMwpamyee T~AO? B ~ Y H OAM TO T e A o H a 3eue?
OTB~T:
H e o 6 x o ~ m oH ~ I I O K O A ~ ~ H MA eOp X a T b C J i 30AOTOl'O CBeTa.
~ P MBCTpeYe C AeMOHOM Bbl AOIDKHbI IIpaKTMKOBaTb
c e ~ b ~ 3oT akI l (rAZU3a VI I ) , ~ T 0 6 b 1COeAHHMTb BOCIIpoM3-
BOAXuJyK) CMAy, X M 3 H e H H O C T b M AYX &A54 TOrO, Y T O ~ ~ I
n p e o 6 p m o ~ a ~3 Tb O r O A e M O H a B IIOAOXMTeAbHOe AbIXa-
IrMe, KOTOpOe IIOAAepXMT ~ O A O X H T ~ A ~AyX
H ~ IH ~M3r0-
H l l T AeMOHMYeCKMe COCTO5lHWl.
'IT06bl 14MeTb &eAO C HMCXOAXYMM 30AOTbIM CBe-
TOM, I I P ~ K T M K Y I O U J MA~O A X e H BCaCblBaTb er0, BpaYU
I I p I 3TOM r A a 3 a M U , q ~ 0 6 b 1BBeCTM e r O B M o p e CYUJHOCT-
HOG IIpMpOAb1 B CepALJe2, KOTOpOe COeAMHMTCX C HMM.
~ O wyekcx
C ~A~ ~~ M T ~ > K H O C T H , C e M b AH&, 3TOT
CBeT 6 y ~ CMXTb
e ~ M OTpMLJaTehbHOe HaYaAO I I p e B p a T M T -
Clr B I I C T H H H ~ IAYX,
~ ~ K O T O P ~ IBOBHHKHeT
~ IIepeA n p a K -
T14KyIOYMM C YepT'iUviM, 1'aKMMM Xe KaK y H e r o . >TO M
ecTb H e y M M p a m y e e ax*.
K o r ~ aAyX IIOKaXeTCX B n e p ~ b l i p
i a , M O X H O II03BO-
AMl'b e M y IIOKMHYTb @ M ~ M Y ~ C TeAQ
K O ~ B XOpOUlyhJ IIOrO-
AY M 3 a HMM H W O 6 y ~ CAeAMTb,
e ~ KaK 3a HOBOpOXAeH-
HbIM M A U e H l J e M . Ero BbIXOA H H B K O e M CAyYae H e AOA-
XeH nImHCX0AMTb B TYMZIH, C M A ~ H ~A O
IX~ A~b , rpO3y.
K o r ~ aI ~ ~ A O X U T ~blfi
A ~AYX
H B b l k ~ B
e r~t e p B b I e , O H C p a 3 y
me AOIUKeH BePHYTbCX. B TeYeHMe IIepBbIX T p e X MeCX-

C ~ P A L J( 0~6 U T C A b OM) rMCTU MeCTO H a X O X Q e H U S c)'UJH~CI~IO~ ~ H P O A b I ,KO-

TOP= rrporemmcr y e p e a r A i u a . K o r ~ acepwe 6 e ~ ~ + x nono o , o m p b l e a e r cyq-
HOCTHYIO IIPUPOAY U €%AH BCIHa(l X U 3 H b W q e A a , TO tIOKZ3blBaeTW1 A ~ X O B H ~ I ~
OrOHb.
IJeB er0 M O X H O B b l n y C K a T b AHUlb P;33 B HeAeAIO. ~ ~ O C A C
3TOr0 OH IIOCTeIIeHHO pa3OBbeT BOCnpMMM.lhBOCTb h
3H;IlIMe, H O eye 6 y ~ Oeq e~l I b 'XyBCTBMTeAeH K C T p a X y M
M c n y r y , KOTOP~IX HMO ~ 3 6 e r a nm6ofi
~ b r j e ~ o k .Ero 061-
XOA M BO3BpaI&JeHMe B T e A O A O A X H b I 6 b 1 ~ bYlIOPXAOqeHbI
n p M C O ~ A I O A ~ H MO
MI l p e A e A e H H b I X MHTepBaAOB. K a x < b , a ~ f i
BbIXOA A O A X e H C O n p O B O X A a T b C X H e M e A A e H H b I M B O 3 B p a -
YeHMeM A3 T e X n O p , n 0 K a ~ ~ ~ K T M K ~ I nOAHOCTbIO
O Y M ~ ~
H e OCBOMT ynpa>r<HeHMe. TO AOlVKHO nPOM3BOAMTCII
A H e M , HO H H B K O e M CAY'4W H e HO'lbIO. qepe3 LUeCTb M e -
C X g e B ~ O A O X M T ~ A ~ AyXH ~ IM
~O ~ XHO 6 y ~ B eb I~n y C K a T b
pa3 B TM AH%; a sepes r o A - pa3 B A e H b . Bo npem
f i H W O B C e r A a A e p X a T b 6 ~ ~ OT
er0
3TMX y I l p ; u ~ ~ e ~ M 3 ~
T e A a M H e n03BOAIITb PaCCeMBaTbCII. B CAyqae CTpaXa M
MCnyra er0 H U O H e M e A A e H H O B O 3 B p a r r J a T b B TeAO. BTM
YKa3;IlIMX A O A X H b I T Y a T e A b H O BbIIIOAHRTbCX.
n o c ~ ey n p a m H e H u R B T e s e H u e A B ~ XA e T B ~ I X O AMO-
X ~ T ' I I ~ O M C X O A MK
T a~K A H e M , T a K M HOUbIO M YMCA0 pa3
M O X e T I I O C T e n e H H O YBeAMsMBaTbCX.
~ O A O X M T ~ A ~ AyX
H ~ T
I ~
e n~e p b M O X e T nOKMHYTb T e -
AO, s ~ 0 6 b 1 C T p a H C T B O B a T b B nOMelJJeHMH MAM B H e er0
A M MeAMTagMM M 3 a T e M B03BPaLLJaTbCX o 6 p a ~ n oB TeAO
3
A M CQC'dElWr .
Hose y n p a x H e H m npMMepHo B TeseHcle Tpex AeT,
~ P ~ K T M K Y I O Y HC~M~ O X e T H a n p a B M T b ~ O A O X M T ~ A ~
AyX B Y A a A e H H O e MeCTO. ECAM O H BCTPeTMT ~ l o ~ eMAM
fi
XMBOTHbIX, T O OH A O A X e H H e M e h A e H H O B e p H y T b C I I B T e -
AO. C 3 T O r 0 M O M e H T a O H M O X C T YXOAHTb H a PaCCTORHMe
n O p I I A K a nOAyMMAM MAM MMAM M ~ ~ I C T P O
B03BPaI&JaTbCX.
M T ~ K ,n O A O X M T e A b H O e HaqaAO H a nepBbIX 3 T a n a X
YIIpZKHeHWl no-0 BO3BpaIIJaTbCX B Tea0 Cpa3y Xe
nose B b I x o A a ~3 H e r o AO T e x nop, n o K a OH H e OCBOMTCX
C n p a ~ ~ w ~ Kopose
ok. rOBOpX, O H AOlVKeH HaXOAMTbCX
BHYTPl4 T e A a AOAblIle, Y e M B H e e T 0 . ycnerrr~ok
~ O C A ~
nPaKTMMM B T e q e H M e T P f X A e T nOAOX<MTeAbHOe HaYaAO
CTWOBMTCR ~ ~ C C M ~ P T H ~CIBM
R S, W H L I M C semek, U3Hb
C R H ~ .T e n e p b H a r T y n a e T upem AAR n p o x o > I < A e H M l i T y e -
HMPOBKM, KOTOPiM nO3BOAMT 3 T O M y ~ ~ C C M ~ P T H O M
H aY-
XOAHTbCR B COCTORHMM ~ ~ ~ M X T ~ > I < H O B
C T eMq e H l 4 e AeBR-
TM A e T AAR TOrO, Y T O ~ BepHYTbCR
~ I B B ~ A M K Y I O~ Y C T O T Y
M 3 T M M n p e 0 6 p a 3 o ~ a ~ CBOe
b + M ~ M ~ ~ C TK
e AOO ~B T e A O
~ O A O T O ~6
Oe c c ~ e p ~ o (rzoj 3 u n b cRnb) .
Moii HZT~BHMK ARO K ~ H
TOBOPMA: "KorAa ~ y nos-
x
HOCMTCR K M a K y u l K e I'OAOBbI n O C A e I I p O p b I B a V e p e 3 CBOIo
MCXOAHYIo nOAOCTb 39 ~ e m 6 p o ~ b eH e~ ,A O ~ Y C K ~ ~
C T p a X a M T p e n e T a ; 6 y ~ b CMeAbIMM
~ e M COCpeAOTOCIbTeCb
O ~~I C A Mo n p o x o x q e H u u q e p e 3 H e 6 e c ~ b 1 i i3a-
Ha ~ A M H M
T B O ~( ~ Maa K y l r r K e ~ O A O B ~ I )3. a ~ sex p~o i i ~ er ~ a s ano-
,
B e p H M T e MX BHM3 M n O A H M M H T e HX M T K O , K;U< ~ Y A T O
n p b I X < K O M B B e p X ; BbI IIOYyBCTByeTe, K a K 6 y ~ BHOBb
~ o
I I p O C b I n Z T e C b M YBMAHTe e y e OAHO TeAO K p O M e BaLUerO
CO~CTB~HHO~O.
K o r ~ a~ O A O X < M T ~ A ~AyX
H ~ I [RH
~ ZU3Hb] IIOKMAZT
TeAO, OH O C T a H a D A M B Z T C R H a PaCCTORHMM T p e X - V e T b I -
p e X $YTOB. ECAM BbI YCAblUIMTe UAM YBMAMTe VTO-HM-
6 y ~ b ,H e n o 3 ~ o ~ ckB o~ e M
e y cepAyy ( ~ e c ~ o n p e 6 b 1 ~ a -
HMIO I I I ) M P O ~ ~ I )TIlHYTbC.R 06paryak~e
K 3TOMy M H e
BHMMaHMR H a 0 6 p ~ b 1p o a n ~ e ~ e POACTBeHHMKOB,
k, APY-
f i H a ApyI'Me BMAeHMIl; H e o6pa-
3 e k , X<eHbI M ~ e ~ eMAM
y a k ~ eH a HMX B H M M ~ H M RM ~ 3 6 e r a G ~MX
e BAMIIHMR H a
BX; He n p ~ c ~ y u l u ~ a k M
~ eHce bn p w ~ x a a ~ ~ a i i ~HM
e c Kb
Y e M y , HO C T O ~ THeB03MYTMM0,
~ OTCeKaSI n P O Y b BCe q y B -
C T B a M CTPaCTM C O A H O ~TOAbKO MbICAbIO OCTaDaTbCIi B
COCTORHMM ~ ~ ~ M X T ~ X < H O C TM,
OTKa3bIBaSICb n p M 3 T O M BM-
A e T b M CAbIUlaTb YTO 6 b 1 T O HM ~ ~ I A OBc~ope
. nose
BCTYnAeHMR B 3 T 0 COCTOHHMe 6 e 3 ~ ~ e x ~ o c ~ M3
1 . 1T e A a
H a Y H e T MCXOAMTb 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0CBeT,
fi n o ~ o 6 ~ b 1~ kO A ~ U I O M Y
KOAeCy, nOKa3bIBaSICb I I e p e A n P a K T M K Y I 0 4 M M , K O T O P ~ I ~
AOAXCeH IIOABeCTM CBeT C B O A
~ Y~X O B H O ~I I p M p O A b I K H e -
M y M IIpeACTaBMTb ce6e, YTO J O A O T O ~C B e T C'beX<MBaeTCX
B M a r \ e H b K M e KPYrM, A M a M e T p O M OKOAO OAHOrO ~lOiih.la,
n o ~ o 6 ~ b 13
x 0 ~ 0 ~ 0MOHCTe.
6 3 a ~ eI I P~~ K T M K Y ~ O L I J M ~
AOA>l<eH Bp-aTb ma3aMM, ' L T O ~ ~
c Io 6 p a ~ M
b BCOCaTb 3 0 -
A O T O ~C B e T B &OK) AYXOBHYIO IlPMPOAY, K O T O P W ~ 0 f i ~ e T
B MCXOAHYlO IIOAOCTb A y X a (3a ~ e x 6 p o n b e ~ ) .
~ O C 3 T ~O r 0 O H AOA>KeH n p a K T M K O B a T b
A "CTMPW-
IJJylO M ~ A M T ~ ~ M AA%
W " ~T O r O , s ~ o 6 b rB e p H y T b C R K CO-
CTOXHMlO Y C T O ~ ~ V M B~O~~~~M H T ~ > K H O C T U .
O A M H M3 ApeBHMX CKa3ar\: " ~ O A O T OCBeT
~ - 3 T 0 'Ly-
A e C H O e AeKapCTBO, K O T O p O e I I p e B p a u J X T ( $ O P M ~ B H M -
9TO; er0 HM B K O e M C A y ' L X HeAb3X Y ~ Y C T H T ~ " .
~ O T O M Y9 T O eCAM O H pX.CeeTCX H a 3 T O M 3 T a I I e , OH
yXe HMKOFAa 6 0 ~ b m e H e BepHeTCX. XOTX HeKOTOPbIe
AIOAM ~ ~ ~ O T X T 0
CXCOXPaHeHMM I$OPM~I, IlOCAeAHXX H e
MO>KeT H C n a P M T b C X npM OTCYTCTBMM 30AOTOrO CBCTa.
HXT~BHM K X3Hb
AXO CKWU: "KorAa ~ O A O > K M T ~ A ~
AyX ~ ]n e p ~ b l f ipa3 n O K M A a e T TeAO, IIPaKTM-
[XM U L ~ H B
K y I O y ~ f inocae A O C T W C H M X I I O A H O ~ ~ ~ ~ M I I T ~ ~ K H O C
A O A X e I l I l p a K T M K O B a T b M e T O A H a I I p a B A e H M X nXTM X M 3 -
H ~ H H O C T B~ ~rOAOBy
~ M MeTOA B O ~ ~ Y X A ~ H MO
I IA H O ~ ~
~ A M H C T B ~ H HMbICAM
O~~ 0 BXOXAeHMM B B e n ~ ~ yflycl.0-
m
TY AAX T O r O , '1~06b1 n p e o 6 p a 3 0 u a ~ bAyX B 3 0 ~ 0 ~ oCBeT
fi
p a 3 M e p O M C 6 o a b u r o e KOAeCO, ~ 0 ~ 0 p b 3l ahT e M A O A X e H
COeAMHMTbCX CO CBeTOM er0 A ~ X O B H OIIpMpOAbl,
~~ o6pa-
3 y X OAMH CBeT, B g e H T p e KOTOpOrO I I p r l M O CMAMT er0
I I O A O X M T ~ A ~ HA
~ I~~x~ " .
B TO Xe CaMOe B p e M OTpMgaTeAbHOe AbIXWlde
YU] B 3 T O M C B e T e
[ U H ~ o 6 e p ~ e ~ cAeMOHOM,
x KOTOP~I~
MCnOAb3YeT BCC IlPMBAeKaTeAbH b l e COCTOXHMX AA% TOFO,
' L ~ 0 6 b 1C O ~ A ~ ~ H~ M
O T
A ~O > K M T ~ AAyX. ECAM
~ H ~ ~ ~ ~n p % T M -
K ~ I O I J J MC
~O~ ~A~~HMTC
T eI M
I , 'LTO O H BMAMT HAM CAblUIMT,
T O r A a n 0 ~ 0 ~ M ~ e ~ b H AyX
b l f iM C 9 e 3 H e T M H e BePHeTCX,
o 6 y c ~ a ~ ~ u 3TMM
~ a r r er0 B X O X A e H M e B AeMOHMYeCKMe
COCTOXHMX M H ~ O ~ X O A M M O C TIIPOXOXAeHMX
~ Yepe3
UIeCTb C M e p T H b I X c@epC y y e C T B O B a M X .
O W U ~ O Y H Op X C M a ? p M B W T
~ M A U K a K YXOA M3 MM-
pa, K O r A a VeAOBeK CMAMT B MeAMTagMM M A O C T M r Z T I I p M
3 T O M IIOCPeACTBeHHbIX pe3YAbTaTOB. ECAM IIPaKTMKYM-
y M f i IlOTepIIMT H e y A a q y , T O r A a M BCe I I p e A b I A y y M e YCIIe-
XU nponwy~.
He 0 6 ~ AM TO?0 TOT
~ ~ I I p O B U BbI3bIBZTCX H e -
T a~K~m, e H ~ A O C T ~ T O ~pe-
I I p a l Z M h b ~ o f iT ~ ~ H M ~ O B Ka O HO~~
IIIMMOCTbM IIOAOXMTb KOHeIJ COCTOXHMIO CMePTHOCTM.
k l c g e ~ m y u kMeTOA 3 a ~ ~ I o s a B
e ~ c ~ ~ ~ 6 6 YAep-
TOM, b 1
X H B a T b ~ O A O T OCBeT
~ ~ DO B P M n p e 6 a 1 ~ a mB 6 e 3 ~ -
TeXHOCTM I I p H H ~ ~ O K O A ~ ~ M
PeIIIHMOCTM
M O ~ ~ M3rHaTb
AeMOHa. T o r ~ aMC'le3HYT BCe AeMOHMYeCKMe C O C T O R H W
H n p a ~ ~ ~ ~ y TmO r Ay a ~A Of Ai X e H 6 y ~ CeX ~a T b 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 f i
CBeT, BPaLLJaTb rAa3aMM, q ~ 0 6 b 1 BCOCaTb er0 B CBOe Ay-
XOBHOe TeAO M n O C A e A H e e BO3BpaTMTb B MCXOAHYIo IIO-
AOCTb AYXOBHOCTM (243~YIU) 3 a ~ e ~ 6 p o ~ b e ~ ) .
qepe3 & A M ~ e A b ~ b l If Ii p O M e X y T O K B p e M e H M ~ O A O T O ~
CBeT CHOBa IIOXBHTCR TOFO, ' i ~ 0 6 b 1 n p e 0 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~ b
OTpMrJaTeAbHOrO [UH~CKOI'O] A e M O H a B IIOAOXMTeAb-
~ b 1 f iAYX [IIH ~ 3 H b ] ,K O T O P ~ I II0K;UKeTCX
~ I I e p e A HUM.
T O A ~ KKO
OrAa n o ~ o X H ~ e ~ b ~AyX
b 1 fIIOXBMTCX
i HWeAeH-
HbIM TaKUMM Xe YepTaMM, K a K y H e r o , HeAb3X I I 0 3 B 0 -
AMTb e M y YAeTeTb IIpOYb. H X T ~ B H MA KM M M H - ~ y fCKa-
i
3aA: " K o r ~ a6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ b3apOAbIIII
I f i B I I e p B b I e B bIXOAMT
M3 MCXOAHOe IIOAOCTM A y X a (Zj3Sl q 0 ) , I I p a ~ ~ ~ ~ y M y c
A O A X e H O C T e p e r a T b C X BHeWHMX AeMOHM'ieCKMX IIOMeX M
OH HMKOrAa H e A O A X e H FClBOpMTb C IIpMBMAeHMXMM, KO-
T O p b l e IlpMBeTCTByloT er0, HO A O A X e H HeyKOCHMTeAbHO
AYX
A e p X a T b C X I I p ' a B k I A b ~ o f i MblCAM ( C O C ~ ~ ~ O T O ~ ~ H M X ) .
A O A X e H B e p H y T b C X B TeAO C p a 3 y Xe IIOCAe T O r O , K a K
B ~ I ~ A
H 3~HTe r o , H H e A O A X e H HHKYAa YA2lMTbCS. 30~0-
TOG CBeT P a 3 M e P O M C 6 0 ~ b m o eKOAeCO, K O T O P ~ I IIOXB-
~~
M e T c X H a P~CCTOXHMM A B ~ XHAM .rpex @ ~ T O BOT ero Te-
A a , I I p M H a A A e X M T e M y M A O A X e H 6 b 1 ~ bBCOCW o6pa~~o
B T e a 0 M BePHyTbCH B HMIITO.
ECAM OH BblXOAMT B I X p ~ b l f i pa3, TO O H H e A O A X e H
llpMBR3bIBaTbCII K q e ~ y - ~ 1 4 6 C0 l l a p y X U ; ~ ~ P ~ K T M K Y I ~
A O A X e H nOCTaBMTb CBOe AyXOBHOe TeAO nepe.4 3OAOTbIM
CBeTOM, ' l ~ 0 6 b 1 IlOrAOTMTb CBeT, M n O T O M BTIIHYTb 3 T 0
AyXOBHOe TeAO o 6 p a ~ ~B o@ M ~ M ~ ~ c TeAO,
K o ~ KOTOpOe
6 y ~ IIOrAOLlJaTb
e ~ CBeT, npeBpaLLJaX er0 B nap. ECAM e M y
H e YAaCTCII Y A e p X a T b 3 0 ~ 0 ~ CBeT,
05 TO e r O T e A 0 H e MC-
~~PMTCR".
H X T ~ B H MI\Io
K u I o ~ 1 1 b - I I H CKa3a.A: "ECAM IIOAOXU-
~ e A b ~ b 1 AYX
fi ~ e ~~~ C X O A HnOAOCTM
~ b l f i M3 O~~ AyXa M H e
CMO>I<eT BepHyTbCII B T W O , TO 3 T 0 n p o u 3 0 f i ~ eM3-3a
~ He-
n p a ~ M A b ~ 0 Tf pi e H M p O B K M , ~ O ~ T O MeCAH
Y IlOAO>KMTeAb-
~ b 1 f iAYX BbfXOAMT, TO K p a f i ~ eB W H O HeYKOCHMTeAbHO
Y A e p X M B a T b ~ O A O T OCReT.
~ T o r ~ BCe
a AeMOHbI UC'le3HYT.
H e ~ b 3 xAOnyCTMTb, ' l ~ 0 6 h 1 ~ O A O X M T ~ A ~ AyX
H ~ I6~e 3~3 a -
6 0 ~ BbIXOAMA
~ 0 Hapy>rcy, a CAeAyeT, K a K TOAbKO OH B ~ I G -
AeT,C p a 3 y Xe n O r A O T U T b eI'0 o 6 p a ~ ~ 0 ,
IlOTOMy 'lT0,
OlryTMBUlUCb C H a p y X M , OH M O X e T B03HeHaBMAeTb M e p 3 -
K O e T e A O M OTKa3aTbCII DePHYTbCII o 6 p a ~ ~B oCBOe He-
'lMcTOe MeCTO O ~ U T W C I R . Ero H)IX<HO A e p X a T b ~ A W ~ KK O
T e h y M ~03~pauJa'I*b ero K H e M y AO T e x nop, n o K a n p a K -
TMKYI~Y
H eMOCBOMT
~~ YnpXHeHMe. K o r ~ aOH BO3Bpa-
rrJaeTCX B M 0 3 r ( M U 6anb), T O r A a TeAO VyBCTByeT >Kap,
KPK O T O r H X M ~ O A Q T OCBeT
~ M3A)WXTCII 'lepe3 BCe no-
PbI. ECAM n p a ~ ~ u ~ y I o yn Ou AkA Z T C I l C?paXy MAM BOC-
T O P r y B 3 T O M C B e T e , TO OH COCKOAb3HeT H a n y T b A e M O H a
M n o r y 6 ~BCIo
~ CBOIo TPeHMPOBKy. Kopoqe ronopx,
n p a K ~ M ~ y I o u ~AM
OA6 X e H H e O T C l y n a T b OT ~eno~o~e6n
M O PeUlMMOCTU
~ AOCTMqb LJeAM a.AXUMWM M 6 b 1 ~ bT B e P -
AbIM, K a K a.AMa3 no OTtlOLUeHMK) KO BCeM C q a C T R M ,
BKAIo'laS YAOBOAbCTBMe, I'HeB, COXUeHMe M ~ W O C T ~ " .
H O I I T ~ H H ~H IZ~T ~
XjHMK n 3 M~O Y - I I w CKa3a.A: "Kor-
Aa ~ O A O X M T ~ A ~AYX
H ~ IBbIXOAMT
~ B n e p B b I e , OH 6 b r ~ a e ~
eye c ~ a 6 b 1 ~ECAM
. CBeT XM3HeHHOCTI.I A O A X e H 3aCTbITb
M H e pacceuBaT-, ero cl\eAyeT xoporuo B ~ P ~ Y M B ~ T
~ I YKpelIluIAcsI M C T W O B W C X ~ ~ ~ ~ I W M Y H ~ I M
Y T O ~ OH
ECAH B 0 3 H M K e T ~ O A O T OCBCT,
~~ T O O H A O A X e H CO-
eAMHMTbcsI CO CBeTOM XM3HeHHOCTM; 3 T 0 COeAMHeHMe
MCTMHHOrO O'IpMLJaTeAbHOrO C B e T a C HCTMHHbIM IKOAO-
X M T e A b H bIM, B P3yAbTaTe YeIW IIOAJWaeTCIl e~M~b1fi
CBeT CO CBIlTbIM 3 ? p O A b I W e M B L J e H l p e . TO AyXOBHOe
TeAO, K O T O p o e BbIXOAMT M3 CBIlTOrO 3 a p O A b I I I I a M AOAX-
HO 6 b 1 ~ bBCOCWO C p a 3 y me o6pa~1-10, a 3 T 0 BHaYMT, '1TO
OHO T o m e n o A B e p r a e T c 2 0 6 y ~ e ~Bm~ I X O Au3
~ TeAa M
BO3BparrJeHMIO B H e r o .
B H a Y a A e O H 0 CKAOHHO K O A ~ ~ ~ T ~MC er0
I I H w 0 no-
BepHyTb 0 6 p a ~ ~Y0 T, O ~ YlTpaBluITb
~ I U M BO B p e M A Tpe-
HMPOBKM, ~ a 6 b 1Q e A a T b ero C T ~ ~ U A ~ H O
~TIM
C I.O A ~M 3 p -
YeHMe: "Ero H a n o yCnOKaMBaTb BHOBb M B H O B ~ " , Y T O ~ ~ I
"OHO P C A O M e C T e C T B e H H 0 p a 3 B M ~ a A o c b " .
MX Y)K~ - X HCKa3aA: "A s M T M MCTOPMM
H ~ C T ~ ~hH ~ 0
ApeBHMX ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T HBCe
~ I OHM
X , O C D O ~ O A U A H C n~ 0 c A e
npoxomAeHux i T ~ ~ H M P O B K M " .y ~ a y ~ e c
~ o ime Hxomro
IIOKOAeHMIl, Y M T U 3TY KHHIY, y3H;UOT C e K P T b I aAXM-
MUM. &Ul HMX H e T H ~ O ~ X O A M M O C T~Ha p & ~ a T b c IHl a BbI-
COKHe rOpb1, n e p e I I p a B A I l T b C I l Y e p 3 IIOTOKH p e K M , YTO-
6 a 1 IlOAJWHTb H X T a B A e H M I l J W L l T e ~ e f i . ECAM y HMX e C T b
AeHbrM M rOTOBbIe nOMOYb CnYTHMKM M n 0 A X O G T OHM K
IIpZiKTMKe U ? p b e 3 H O , TO OHM C O B e p U l a T I I e p e X O A OT np0-
CTOrO K C a K p a A b H O M y .
Mok 6 p a ~qmao ryk-ce ronopm: " n p o n e ~ u ~no-
e
~ I ~B B C 2 p x ~ M f i 8 a H b ??ZXHb ( B M 0 3 r e
A O X U T ~ A ~ HAyX -
MU 6 a H b ) , ~ o ~ o p b l HaXOAMTCIl
f i noA H e 6 e c ~ b 1 ~B up a T a -
MM ( M O M 3 H b H a M a ~ y U l ~ eM) C M O T p H T e B H y T p b , 'lTO-
6 b 1 C 0 3 A a T b T a M ~ O X ~ C T B ~ HOrOHb.
H ~ I ~
~ P ~ K T H K Y I O I I J WA~O A X e H COCpeAOTOYMTbCX B MOA-
YWMM H a O r H e n O A O X M T e A b H O r 0 AyXa, Y T O ~ ~O Ir O H b
C B e p X y OnyCTMACR, a O r O H b CHM3Y IIOAHXACX, M Y T O ~ ~ I
IIXTb X M ~ H ~ H H O C COUIAMCb
T ~ ~ 6 b 1 B rOAOBe M I I p O p B a -
A H C ~6 b 1 ~ e p e snOAOCTb Ayxa 3a ~ e x 6 p o n b e~
~ a, 6 a AO-
1
 CTMYb MCTO'IHMKP H ~ P B H O ~CMCTeMbI
~ (bad ~ ~ 3 5
5
VG20), M3 KOTOPOI'O I I O K a X e T C I I I I O A O X M T ~ A ~ AYX
H~I~~
Mow 6 y ~ Teo r ~@ n o ~ o 6 nep~y A y , IIOAHOMY 30AOTO-
ro HeKTapa C cepe6p~c~ofi
~ ~ 6 b nocl\e
~ 3 . 3TOrO n R T b
X M ~ H ~ H H O CnTo~~~o 6 s o
rpOMy npopB2AMCb B BepXHtOm
Y X T b rOAOBbI M C C M A O ~OTKPbIAM
~ B H Y T ~ ~ HHeGec-
HW~~
~ b 1 f iABOpeIJ ( ~ 3 8 2@Y, A p y r O e H a 3 B a H M e AAII lj3R Z@O B
y e H T p e ~ 0 3 r a ) H e O X M A a H H O BO3HMKHeT 6 e 3 r p a ~ u ' 1 ~ b l f i
K ~ X H
CBeT,
~ I r p~O M b I X a H B M C X O A H O ~ IIOAOCTM
~ AyXa
( 3 3 1 ~YRO), P X K P b I B a A "R" IIpaKTllKyWLLJerO, RBMH3-
IIJeeCII IIOAOXMTeAbHbIM AyXOM, K O T O ~ ~
H Ia ~0 T O r A a
B 0 3 B P a T M T b B TeAO. >TO Y I I p a X H e H M e B BbIXOAe, COBep-
WaeMOM pa3 B HeAeAH3, AOAXHO I I P O A O A X a T M I I B Te'Ie-
H M e T p e X AeT, B K@HIJe KOTOpbIX ~ O A O > K M T ~ AAYX
~ H ~ ~
IIOAHOCTbIO P a 3 0 B b e T C I I . Ha 3 T O M 3 T a n e W e n T AOloKeH
IIpZlKTMKOBaTb B O 3 B p a 4 e H M e B HHYTO.A IlpO'lyBCTBOBaA
3 T 0 IIOCAe C O ~ O K U ~ T H
I I ~ ~~K~T M K M " .
Bce IIpMBeAeHHble BblIUe MeTOAbI IIpeIIOAaBaAMCb
AM'4HO MOMMM HaCTZIBHUKXMM M XOTII CAOBeCHbIe OOPMY-
AMPOBKM Pa3AHYaIOTCII, AeXaIIJMe B OCHOBe IIpMHIJMIIbI
OAHM M T e Xe. A y 4 M T b I B W BCe MX yKa3aHMII, T a K qTO 6y-
AyUJMe YVeHMKM C M O V T YRCHMTb ce6e TPeHMPOBKy.
Bonpoc: ~ O Y ' ~ ~ HOTHOCMTeAbHO
H R BblXOAa M3 3 a p O A b I U I a RCHbI,
HO II ~ O I O C ~'iTO
, T e , K T 0 H e M M e e T OllblTHblX HXTZlBHM-
KOB, BCTpeTIITCR C TPYAHOCTIIMM IIPM 'ITeHMU name6
KHMrM. He MOrAM 6 b 1 Bbl O ~ ~ R C H MMeTOA,
T ~ IIOAb3yRCb
O ~ ~ I A ~ HX3bIKOM,
H ~ ~ M T a K ' l ~ 0 6 b l T e , KT0 H e MMeeT Era-
CTZIBHMKOB, A e r K O MOrAM 6 6 1 nOHIITb H TO?
M ~ T O 3aKAWY?%?TCII
OTB~T: A B 3aKpbIBaHMM r A a 3 BO B P e M CMAe-
HMII B MeAMTaIJMM AAII T O r O , ' l ~ 0 6 b 1 IlOMeCTMTb CBeT
C~LIJHOCTHO~
IIpMpAbl l l e p e A tIPaKTMKYIOLIJMM, KOTO-
p b l f i A O A X e H " C O ~ A H H H T ~ "r A Z 3 a (CBOP B M e C T e 3paZI-
K M ) T a K , ' 1 ~ 0 6 ~ 1X P K M ~CBeT, I I O A O ~ H c~ BI e~ l y A ~ H ~ no-
I ,
RBMACFI B LJeHTpe Me>KAy rAa3aMM. Yepe3 AAM~e~b~blfi
npoMexyToK B p e M e w n o a e 3 ~ 0 r oOH ~ B M A M Tc H e r M
LJBeTbI, nwmyue B 6 e c n o p ~ B~ AYHHOM
~e CBeTe. T o r ~ a
OH AOAX<eH H e M e A A e H H O n p 0 6 y ~ ~B ~ce6e
b MbICAb 0 BbI-
xoAe B B e ~ M K y r n~ ~ C T O T ~ .
TO MeTOA COeAMHeHMR nRTM X M ~ H ~ H H O C TB ~ ~ ~
cepage, c e ~ e 3 e ~ A~e reK,w x , n e q e a u w nowax B eAMHyrn
>KM3HeHHOCTb, KOTOPaJl T O r A a nOAHUMeTCR OT OCHOBa-
HMIl n03BOHOYHMKa U n p o f i ~ e'Iepe3
~ B T O ~ O3 ~a T~B O p
( M ~ X A Y~ o ' I K ~ M u )K T b l ~ b ~ C~T O
f Pi O H e rOAOBb1, ' I T O ~ ~ I
A O C T M Y ~~ 0 3 r a(nu d a m ) M n p o p n a T b c x q e p e 3 MCXOA-
H Y I o nOAOCTb A y X a ( 2 4 3 ~tyl0 3a ~ e m 6 p o n b e ~ Z
) ,I T O ~ ~ I
HaTOAKHYTbCR H a MCTO'IHMK H ~ P B H O CMCTeMbI
~ (6aii
xy35, VC20).
~ P ~ K T H K Y H ~ YACO ~
AX~ e~H 6arc~po nOCMOTpeTb
HBepX, nb1TaJlCb O T K P b I T b ~ e 6 e c ~ b 13 akT B O P H a MaKYUI-
K e ; 3TOT MeTOA 3aKAloZIaeTCR B OTKpbIBaHUM rAa.3, Z I T O ~ ~ I
IIOCMOTPeTb H a B e p X M 3TMM A a T b TOAZIOK, ' 1 ~ 0 6 ~ 1 pX-
I t a X H y T b 3 a T B O p n p M COeAHHeHMM CMnbI C e p A g a , MHTeA-
A e K T a M MbICAM.
ECAH n R T h X U ~ H ~ H H O C HOAHbI,
T ~ ~ ~ TO ~ O A O T OC~B e~T
nOAHMMeTCR BBePX, I I T O ~ ~ COeAMHMTbCIl
I CO CBeTOM
C ~ Y H O C T H O IIpMpOAbI
~~ M I l p e B p a T M T b C X B e ~ c l ~ b r CBeT,
fi
K O T O ~ ~XBAReTCR
I ~ COeAMHeHHeM A J W M C T O ~X M 3 H e H -
HOCTM n O A O X M T e A b H O r 0 HaZIZlAa (In) B rOAOBe M R P K O r O
C B e T a OTpMLJaTeAbHOrO H a Z I U a (&b) B X H B O T e , COeAM-
H e H M e M , A a l o 4 M M e ~ ~ ~ bCBeT,
l f i ~ 0 ~ 0 p b ITpMBeAeT
l k K
BblXOAy M3 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ o3apOAbIIIIa.
ro 3 a ~ e h 4n p a K T U -
K ~ H ~ U A U A~X e H MeAAeHHO OnYCTMTb r A a 3 a , ' I ~ 0 6 b 1 no-
J O
C M O T P e T b BHM3, npe>r<Ae ZIeM 3 a K p b I T b MX n p M COZIeTa-
HUM CMAbI C e p A g a M MHTeAAeKTa, K a K ~ Y A T O6 b 1 AAR TO-
ro, ' 4 ~ 0 6 b 1n p b I r H y T b . T o r ~ OH
a IlO'IyBCTByeT, ' I T 0 OH K a K
~ Y A T UBbIXOAMT M3 C H a , ' I T o ~YBMAeTb
~I PRAOM CO CBOMM
eye OAHO T e A o .
 %O e C T b M e T O A M3BAeqeHMR IlVAOXiMl'f34bH~,r0 A y X a
M3 3aI)OAbIXIIa. ECAM ~ P ~ K T M K Y K ) Y M
H e~ l l l ) 0 6 y ~ 1 i T B Ce-
be MbICAb 0 RbIAClC B n p O C T P a H C ' I O 0 M eCAM C M y Ilt!
YAaCTCll CBCCTM BMeC'Te n R T b x < M ~ H ~ ~ ~ H o
B cTOAOBe,
T ~ ~
T O r A a ,lyX H e C M O X e T BEIGTM. k d ~ ~ 1IpMBOAMTCfl
<e IWlCy-
HOK (PMC. 21), I I O K ~ R ~ ~ I ~ ~ XK) aUK J IIIITb
M ~ iliM3lIc?HHOC-
~ e f Ci X O ~ X T C I IK TOAOBe nelleA BbIXOAOM nOAOiKMTeAbH0-
f O FiaYUa. n X ~ b > I < M ~ H ~ M H O C TCOCAMHRFOTCR
~G I3 e+$MHOe
gelzoe, ~ o ~ o p IIOAHMMXTCX
oe OT OCHOB~HMII~ O R B O H O Y -
HMKa 80 POAOBM, Y T O ~ L I n p 0 6 M ~ b c 1 1 Y e p e 3 MCXOAHYIO no-
AOCTb A y X a M 3 a T e M AOCTMYb M a K Y U l K H rOAOBbl, PAe 30-
A O T O ~C~B e T MCTMHHOrO OTPMLJaTeAbHOrO H a Y ; M a COeAM-
HXCTCR C AYHHblM CBeTOM MCTMHHOrO IIOAO>KMTeAbHOrO
HaY;Ma, Y T O bl
~ IIOPOAMTb 6 e ~ ~ ~ e p 3apOAbILU
~ ~ b l k B
LJeHTpe, r A e BCTPeTMAMCb 06a C B e T a T e n e p b npaKTM-
K y I O y M k A O l u K e H OIlyCTMTb r A a 3 a , ' i ~ 0 6 b 1 I l O C M O l p e T b
BHM3, T a K , ~ ~ o 6 el'
b 0r AyXOBHOe T e n 0 n O K a 3 a A O C b PRAOM
C er0 C#)M~MYCCKMM TeAOM. Ero AYXOBHOe T e A O n0 O Y e p -
TaHMxM noxoxe Ha ero C#)us~sec~oe
T e n o , HO c n e A a I OT-
~ M l J a ~ e ~ bX
~Mo 3fHie H H O C T M [ U H b ZjU] H a I I e p B O M Bb130-
B y T AeMOHMqeCKMe n O M e X M n p M BCeX COCTOIIHMIIX, C ~ M -
B m C n y T M ~ O A O X M T ~ A ~ AyX
H ~ I ~ ISM ~ 1 3 H b ] .~ P ~ K T M -
K ~ F O L I J MA~O A X e H T e n e P b A e p X a T b C H IIpaBMAbHOrO CO-
CpeAOTOYeHM M ~ ~ I C T P O
I I O B e p H y T b OAMH pa3 P A a 3 a OT
O C H O B H O ~TOYKM
~ A K D, G , J (CM. PMC. 14), npOH3BOAII
COCpeAOTOYeHMe H a AeMOHMYeCKOM C B e T e , Y T O ~ ~ I
BCO-
CaTb er0 B CBOe T e a 0 B L J e U X TPaHCMyTalJMM er0 B IIOAO-
> K M T ~ A ~ H[ I~I H
IC~ K M ~ ] CBCT. CO B p e M e H e M 3 T O T AeMO-
HMY~CKH
CB~ e T OYHCTMTCII M 6 y ~ ne0 A~A e p X H B a T b 3 a p O -
AblW B er0 IIOAHOM Pa3BMTMM. ~ O C 3AT O~r O IlpaKTMKytO-
y M f i A O A X e H IIpOAOn>I<aTb CBOe COCpeAOTOYeHMe, s ~ 0 6 b 1
B e p H y T b I I O A O X M T ~ A ~ b1G
H AyX B HHYTO.
Y~IAOA Ht:
rl&tero~ljcro
o6pa3a, ito
~f;n.~amujz
TO 06pa30~
30AM'OM
TerZa

T U B A XVI

Moii H X T ~ B H M K h o K ~ H
c~a3an:"Bosnparye~ueB
HM'ITOAOCTMrXTCII H a OKOHqaTeAbHOM 3 T m e T P e H M -
p o B K M , H a KOTOPOM I I P ~ K T M K Y I O ~ I J H W
~ ,X P X S I I I I B C e p A -
r)e ~ ~ ~ M H T ~ X H OnO3BOIUIeT
C T ~ , BCeOXBaTbIBEUOYeMY no-
AOXMTeAbHOMy AyXy IIOKMHYTb CBOIO T e A e C H y I o 060~0s-
KY, l t ~ 0 6 b 1 IIOIlBMTbCII D I I p O C T P X l C T B e &M BbIIIOAHeHWl
c~oeii3a,4aw no cnaceeuw, TO e c T b &M 0 6 ~ e r q e ~qe-
w
AOBeqeCKMX C T ~ ~ & I H M
A e~r ~ b lT.~ A. PI
e H, M s 6 0 ~ b ~ M 3a-
T e M BO3BpaTMTbCX B CBOfO MCXOAHyIO IIOAOCTb A y X a (2533b2
9 0 39 M ~ X ~ P O B ~ ~ qM
~ 0) 6, b 1 HaXOAMTbCII IIOA ~ ~ I I J M T o ~
B Mope c y y ~ o c ~ ~IlpPlpOAbI.
oii H e ~ b s r r1103BOAMTb e M y
BHOBb IlOKMAaTb TeAO, K O T o p o e T e n e p b AOlVKHO 6 b 1 ~ b
3aKpblTO. EM^ C A e A y e T flpOXOAMTb ~ a r \ b ~ e i i L U y I O
CY~AM-
M a y M H ) , ' I T o ~B~OI~ T MB AyXOBHOe TeAO, COCTORuJee M3
C Y Y H O C T H O ~I I p M p O A b l M B e ' I ~ o f iX H 3 H M B HX B p O X A e I I -
HblX COCTORHMRX. Q ) M ~ M ' I ~Tce K
A OoTaKMM
~ 0 6 p a 3 0 ~6y-
A e T M A;MbUlC OAyXOTBOPRTbCR M CT;LHeT HM CYYeCTBYlO-
LIJMM, HM H e C Y Y e C T B Y l O y H M , HM MMCIOYMM O O ~ M YHM,
IlyCTbIM,, HM B H y v e H H M M , HM BHCIlIHMM, HM IIpMXOAR-
LLJMM, HM YXOPJIYMM, HM H a ' I M H W Y M M , HM KOH'IW-
UJMM. TO IIPOMCXOAMT C T a ~ 0 f Xe i TUJaTeAbHOCTbK,, C
~ a ~ 0A fp iX O H B b l p a y M B a l O T C W H ) XeM'IYIKMHY, OCTaUa-
RCb CKpbITblM M HeABMXHbIM, M no TeM Xe npM'IMHaM,
n O ' I e M y H X e A K a H e OCTXiAReT CUOM R k g q 31'0 YCAOBMe
TMUlMHbl M HeIlOABMXHOCTM AOAIKHO C0XI)'dIHTbCR AO
T e X H o p , n 0 K a O H 0 H e AOCTMrHeT B b l c U l e f i TO'IKM".
Bce npeXHwe ycnexw, T a m e KaK nonBAcllMc u Gec-
'IMCAeHHOM M H O X e C T B C UMAOM3MeHRH)lIJMXOR TeA, e 3 A a
B e p X O M H a A p a K O H a X M aMCTaX, n p O r y A K a 110 COAHIJY,
MI-pa c A ~ H O ~
T a, K xe KaK M ~ a ~ c ~n yr ewu p a u j e ~ ~ ~ A
~ Ib 1 ~ bT e n e p b c 0 6 p a ~ b 1B M C X O A H O ~~~O A O C T M~
AOA~I<H6 y -
x a 3a ~ e r n G p o n b e ~
q ~, 0 6 b 1CBeCTMCb K COCTORHMK, 110.4-
H O r O n O K O R M MC'IePIlaHMR. TO H a b l B a e T C X COCTORHM-
e M 3aCHyBUlerO ApaKOHa. OHOB e A e T K IlOAHOMY MC'Iep-
naHMlo ncex + ~ H O M ~ H O Bn TO M c q e p n a w t e AOAXHO
T Y a T e A b H O I I O A A e p X M B a T b C X , ' I T O ~ ~III O M e U l a T b n O A 0 -
X M T e A b H O M Y AYXY ~ b l f H
i a~p y~X y , nOKMAWl T e A O AAR
T O r O , ' I T o ~0CTaD;UICb
~I B TeAe, OH MOr n p o f i ~A ~ aAb~ek-
U l y l o c y 6 ~ ~ ~ a y BO
c l MMIl
m AOCTMXeHMR 6 o ~ e en b ~ c o ~ o f i
C T y n e H M . > T a IIOCTORHHaR I pRM B e A e T K 60-
C Y ~ A M M ~ ~ J IM
Aee ~ A ~ ~ O K nOo r M
pyX
~ e H M H ) AyXOBHOrO O r H R B CBeT
XM3HeHHOCTH, TaK 'IT0 I~OAOXWT~A ~ H6~ y
AYX I ~~ e ~
YAepXMBaTbCX C ~WefM
i C X O A H O ~nOAOCTM lj3bl WO. CO
a COCTOXHMM
BpeMeHeM npM n p e 6 b 1 ~ B ~ ~ ~ n p e ~ e ~ b ~ o f
~ ~ ~ M T ~ X H O C TMMC, T M H H ~ O
I ~r O H b n O A O X M T e A b H O r 0 Ay-
X a n O A H O C T b l o P a C C e e T C X M 3 X M R e T M3HyTPM M C H a P y X M
cmek IIOAOCTM, ' I T O ~ ~CAeAaTb
I BCeOXBaTblBWyMM. OH
OXBaTMT CMRHMe ~ e 6 a 3eMAH)
, M M M p M w b I ~ e q e k B03-
,
HMKWYMX B 3 T O M CBeTe. T P ~ H M A ~ O~A XBH aKnpOAOA-
~
X a T b C R He3XiMCMMO O T T O r O , CKOAbKO B p e M e H M 3 T 0 3 a k -
 CAOBAPb TEPMMHOB

M ~ K ~ ~ K O C M ~UA ~X M~ MCMK' I M ~3UA~~e M

~CK ~ e H T co6upae~-
CR ps\X TOCO, q ~ 0 6 b l ~ P O G M T ~ C RY e p e 3 MCXOAHym nOAOCTb Ay-
xa B MO3IY, 6 n a r o ~ a pY~e M y cMepTHb1fi YeAOBeK CTWOBUTCX
~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T HTO I M , ANI COeAMHeHMR MMKPOKOCMa C MaK-
~ eCTb
PO KOCMOM.
AAXMMMIL
AX)CCK=: Al>eRIIHH H a y K a , KOTOpaJI YqMT K a K YAep-
J ~M~A ~ I ,~
x a 7 . a IIOTOK B O C I I ~ O M D I I O ~ R U C ~ e ~ o y e iBi cK Xn-
AOM '3CAOHeKC T a K , ~ 0 6 b BMCCTO
1 PXTpaqMBaHMII ee H a CO-
3 A a I M C IIOI'OMC'I'Da MAM Ill)OC1'0 MCTeKaHMR HaPY>KY; 'IeAOBeK
~ ~13 ac n~o ebM T e A e AAIL O ~ M U J ~ H MMR npe-
M O 6~b 1 y ~ e p > ~ < ee
O~~JWOR~IIM eeR B 110AO>KMTeAbtIyIO X M 3 H e H H O C T b ( 2 % YU),
cr1oco611yroB ~ C C T ~ H O B M MT ~C X O A H ~ I n~ e p n o e a q a n b ~ a ~ ~i i y x ,
f i6 1 A
~0~01>616 ~ 0 T O r O , K a K M M P t t a q a C Y Y e C T B O B a T b , M 'ITO-
6 6 1 *leAOBCK M O r B03BPaTMTbCX K I I e p B O H a ' I a A b H O M y COCTOR-
IIMm ~ C C C M C ~ T M I L .

A M ~ P O ~ M"R C, A ~ Kpoca"
~ (zanb dy) - C ~ ~ A M M ~ ~BJ oM
c nXp o -
M ~ U O A H L I CMAbI,
J~~~ XM3HeHHOCTM M AyXa B M03Ty CO3AXT
~ M ~ ~ O ~ M
K OI TO
O p, m , n p O T e K a X BOpTy, CTaHOBMTCX >I<MAKOC-
TblU ( C A W H O ~ ) , KOTOpaX, 6 y ~ y ' JI I~p O r A o ' I e H H o f i , C O 3 A X T B
X M B O T e 3ByKM. A M ~ P O ~ MIlpOM3BOAMT
II M B b I p a y M B X T 6ec-
c M e p ~ ~ b 13 a6p O A b I u J B HM>KHeM 8 a ~ m
b R M , OTKyAa O H a no-
C b I A X T AylrU, O c B e y m y M e C e p A y e TOrO, ' I ~ 0 6 b l A a T b
6 eMc
3HaTb 0 OOPMM~OB~HM c ~ e p ~ ~ 3oa rp OoA b I U l Z C T ~ K ~ J I
n o ~ a ~ a sna yq a ~ b x( m n b MO) B H M X H H ~ 8 a n b m n b , o6pa-
3 y e T T a M HHbCKyH) BOCIIpOM3BO,$HIJJYIO 3 H e p r M H ) ( U H ~WUH),
K O T O p m , CTeKaJI B XM'IKM, o6pa3ye~~ I I e p M a ~ 0 3 0 f i ~ b 1 .
6 e VU26 MAM CRWb ma$) 3 a p O A b l U I
~ ~ M e p ~ 3~a pbO1A b6I U l - ( 8 ~ 0
Aao MAM M c T M H H o e c e m - 6 e c ~ e ~ e c n~poo ex s a e H w e c o e A M -
HeHMR X M 3 H e H H O C T M M A y X a , + U K C U ~ ~ ~ M
C OOe A~M H e H M e M
6enoro M 3 0 A O T O r 0 CBeTP OH H e M M e e T HM @ O P M ~ I ,HM BCAW-
 X O-~ KpMCTaAAM3qMII
~ ~ C C M ~ ~C eTMH ~ O A O X M T ~ A ~ BOC-
H O ~ ~
n p o ~ 3 ~ 0y ~e Ik I CMAbI (RH Z ~ ~ U H ) , n O A H O T a K O T O P O ~ n p O R B -
AlleTCR B BMAe 6 e ~ o r oC B e T a IKM3H&HHOCTM, B TO BpeM.5l K a K
IIOAHOTa 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~CeMeHM
o r o IIpOllBAIIeTCII B BMAe 30AOTO-
r0 CBeTa, K O T O ~ ~B C
I K
~ pblBXT OTPMLJaTeAbHYH3 X M 3 H e H -
HOCTb ( U n b YU) BHyTPM B O C ~ P O U ~ B O A I I L CMAbI.
IJ~~ C B ~l'Aa3,
T
H ~ I I ~ ~ B A
b1k
~ HBHM3,
H IIOAOXMTeAeH M K O r A a BCTpeY W T C R
Apyr C A p y r O M n o ~ o x u ~ e ~ b( R~H bC K~ Mk~ ) M O'IpMlJaTeAb-
Hb1fi ( M H ~ c K M ~ ~CBeT,
) T O r A a HaYMHaeT paCnpOCTpaHXTbCR
(6ao 2 y a H ) .
~ p a r o L J e H H b 1 kC B e T

CM. E e c c ~ e p m n b z i 3apoi?bztu.
i U l e c ~ b mn p u 3 ~ a ~ a06-
~w
p a 3 0 B W W 4 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ CXMeHM
oro IIBAffX3TCX:
1. ~ O A O T OCET, ~ ~ O I I B M ~ ~ M ~B ~rAa3a.x.
C I I
2. ~ ~ T ~ I A~Ou K6 p u p y eM~3BYK B M ~ P ~ ~ J M OMX e T 6 b l T b BOC-
I I P M H l l T H a CAYX.
3. r y ~ e ~ c Ai pea K O H a CAbILUHO IlpaKibIM YXOM.
4. P b l ~ a H b eT M r p a CAbILUHO AeBbIM YXOM.
5. O r 0 H b I I b I A a e T B H M X H e M a a H b WUZHe.
6. l l o ~ o ~ ooprmii BTX~MBXTCX B H ~ T P ~ .
7. n y 3 b l p b ~ Mn O A H U M W T C I I B T e A e ; C n a 3 M b I WTPXC;UOT HOC.
8. 6ecc~epTHble - CBX3WHbIe C 3eMAek ~ ~ C C M ~ P T H
(CRHb ~ 3 1 ~ bM ) ~ e 6 e c ~ b 16 ee c c ~ e p ~ ~ (tj3UHb
b r e CIIH~).

6 e c ~ e ~ e cAyXOBHOCTb
~m (YP AUH) : ~ e 6 0 ~ b m oK
i ia H U , COeAM-
HIIloUJMk lTpaKiyIo C T O P H Y M C X O A H O ~ITOAOCTM A y X a C "He-
6ec~ofiA O A M H O ~ " ( ~
m n b 2y) ~ a & e i Mi c rJeHTPoM npamfi
C T y n H U ( 7 0 ~2yUlcb - CBepKaIOUJ%l IlpyXMHa) nOCAe np0-
X O X A e H M R CXpAlJa B TyAU.

~ O A ~ C T B O B Ha&
~ T ~M e p T B b I M T e A O M - K O U a AyXy H e YAXTCX
B ~ I ~ ~u T3 M n
3 a p o ~ b 1 m an o c A e T o r o , K ~ K p a ~ ~ u ~ y m y yw~iwi -
AeA I I + W y M f i C H e r M TaHIJYmIIJMe IJBeTbl, TO 3 T 0 H a 3 b I B a e T -
+ MMepTBbIM T~AOM".
CX " ~ O A ~ C T B O B ~ H MH ~ TO IIPMCXO-
AMT no BMHe IIpaKTMKYfOJljerO, K O T O P ~ I~~ ~ I B X HaCTOAbKO
T
O X B a q e H BOCTOPrOM OT C O C T O I I H M IICHOrO IIOKOX, YTO IIpM
3 T O M 3 a 6 b l ~ a e0~TOM, ' I T 0 H y X H O nOKUHYTb 3 a P O A b I U .
 -
~ ~ ~ M T ~ X H O C Mar\=
T ~ C T 8~2 . 4 ~Zj3UH)
(CRO
~ ~ ~ M X T ~ X H O npo-
A O A X W T C A AMWb OAMH A e H b , K O r A a YHbIHMe M M T e H M e
IIpMBOpsIT IIpaKTMKylOILjerO K ~ ~ C C O ~ H ~ T ~ A ~COCTOX-
H O M Y
HMIO, no~o6~
YMoM P N I L j e M Y YeAOBeKy, K O T O P ~ ICTaSIOBMT-
~
CX 6 e 3 ~ b l x a ~ ~ bI I p1 O~M; e X y T O Y H Z H ~ ~ ~ M T ~ X H O( lCu uTy H
~
TPM AHIl llOApXA; M rAaI3Ha.X 6e3-
82.4% 1 ~ 3 2 4 1 ~ nPOAOAX%TCX
)
MXTeXHOCTb (aa &H VUH) - C e M b A H ~ GIIOApXA.
6aii X Y ~ C(VG20) - MCTOYHMK H ~ P B H OCMCTeMbI,
~ aKynyHK-
TypHaJl TOYKa

62.4 ZyUHb, ZYUHb - K H T ~ ~ ~ CTKe PMM M

~ HbI, BbIpa>KNUJMe 3 a -
KpbITMe M OTKpbITMe TaMHCTBeHHOrO 3 a T B o p a n y T e M BparrJe-
HMX r A a 3 36 pa3, Y T O ~ CAeAOBaTb
~ I YeTbIpeM MMKPO-
K O C M M Y ~ C K OC~~~ ~ A M M ~ L JXM
MU3HeHHOCTH, ~ o A H ~ ~ I L ~
OT O C H O B H O ~TOYKM A A0 D, G M J M 24 pa3a, Y T O ~ COOT-
~ I
BeTCTBOBaTb OIIyCKaHMlO ee OT G K D, A H J.

B o c n p o u 3 n o ~ ~ y aCMAa
~1 ( 2 4 3 ~ ~-
) CYllJHOCTb I I O p o X A e H M X , KO-
TOP= nPOM3?OAMT IIOAOBYlO XMAKOCTb, K0TOPa.X YAOBACTBO-
p x e T n o A o a o e x e A m u e M n p W H o c u T ~OTOMCTBO.

B o c e ~ 3HepreTMYeCKMX
b KWar\OB y 243UH 6a M O (B C O B p e M e H H O M
YTeHMM - MUG) - BOCeMb rAaBHbIX 3HePreTMYeCKMX KaSIa-
AOB:
1. KaSIaA yIIpaI3AeHMX ( 3 a , $ H e ~ p e ~ M H H b 1 k ) (ay M o ) - IIOA-
X OCHOBWMX n e H u c a M n p o x o A u T
H M M ~ ~ T COT ~ e p e sK O ~ Y M K
BBepX no ll03BOHOYHMKy K M 0 3 1 y .
2. KtWs~ar\ 3aYaTbX UAM A ~ ~ ~ C T B H( I~I 3 H bMO) - (IIepeAHeC-
p e ~ M H H b 1 k ) I l O A H M M ~ T C S l O T OCHOBaSIMX IIeHMCa M HAeT
B A O A ~m u B o T a , n p o x o A u T y e p e a n y n o K , noMoxewym aMKy,
I p y A b , rOPAO M BBepX A0 MO3I'a
3. O I I O X C ~ I B W I L ~ H I ? KZWU (JUG MO) - I-IO 06e C T O ~ O H ~OTI
n y n K a , o6pa3yn noat, o x s a ~ b ~ n a m y uXMBOT. ii
4. ~ ~ O H U ~ ~ I B WK YW aWr \ ~(icpM O ) - n O A H M M W T C X O T
ayM wo M
o c s o n a ~ ~ wn re H u c a , n p o x o A M T M e x A y K ~ H ~ A ~ M
m 3 n b MO M O K ~ I - N M B ~ ~ T W
B Ic e p A r J e .
 5. b I H a P y K a (JZH 7 0 )
~ O A O X M T ~ A ~ KHW~a rI \ ~ - IIPOXOAIIT

no BHeLUHMM C T O p H a M 0 6 e ~ xPYK, CBX3bIB;LIOT 06a nnesa C

geHTpaMw a ~ o ~ e nocae
ii npoxoxAeHwr .rep3 cpeAHMe
IIUbIJbl.
6. O T p ~ g a ~ e ~ b H
KW x))
b a~r \eb I H a PYKaX ( U H ~ - llpOX0AXT
IIO BHYTPeHHMM CTOPOHaM 0 6 e ~ xp y K C B X 3 b I B W T LJeHTPb1
A W O H ~C ~r p~y A b I 0 .
7. ~ O A O X M T ~ A ~ HHO~X H b I ~e K W a A b I (RH
I ~ I~RO)
- IIOAHM-

MWTCX OT geH-rpa noAomB M nooopa.runaro-r B A O A ~H a p y x -

HblX CTOPOH A O A b I X e K M H O r I I p e l K A e , ' I e M AOCTM'Ib OCHOBa-
HU5l I l e H H C a , rAe OHM COeAMHXI0TCX C APYrMMM K W a A a M M .
8. O T p M r ~ a T e ~ b ~H
bOl eX H b I e K W a A b l (UHb 90)
-- IIOAHM-
M W T C X O T LJeHTPOB nOAOLUB M IIOBOpa'IMBXOT BAOAb BHyT-
F H H H X CTOPOH AOAbIXeK M H O r I I p X A e , ' I e M AOCTM'Ib OCHO-
B m M X IIeHMCa, rAe OHM COeAMHXfOTCII C APYrMMM K W U a M M .

Bom~oeK o a e c o ( x o ~ 3 ) Kpyro~oe
: A B w K e H n e no M M K ~ O K O C M M -
'IeCKOMy o p 6 ~ ~ e .

Bo3~paye~ B ~3 ae
p O A b I U I &Ul A ~ A ~ H € % L U ~ I -CO3MAaHHX:
0 Balxo~
~3 s a p o ~ ~ r m
R naM e T u r p o m A e H M e M q e a o B e K a B M M p e , a noc-
AeAOBaTeAbHaJr I I p a K T M K a B ~ a o c c ~ oUXMMMM fi llO3BOAXeT
BHOBb B O ~ ~ T M B ~ y x o ~ ~ b 3ra p fAi b I L U , ' f ~ 0 6 b 1 CAeAaTbCII 6ec-
CMepTHbIM.

Bosnpaye~ueM M P M W ~ e y e 6K eAMHOMy geAOMy: b I I TOrO,

r ~ o 6 b 1IIOAHOCTbIO p a 3 B M T b 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ 3ba pr OkA b l LU, IIpaKTM-
K Y I ~ ~ ~AOAXCH
J M ~ COCPeAOTO'IMTbCII H a AyXe, 3 a 6 b 1 s m 0 3a-
POAbILUe, K O T O ~ ~HZOAMTCII
I ~ ~ B el'O AyXe. TO Ha3bIBaeTCX
"nos~paye~ ~ e ~ ne yeii
MMPMU K eAMHoMy geao~y".

B e n ~ ~n~p ei ~i e a(TUG z j . 3 ~ ) Kpyr

: Taii q u , B KOTOPOM c o e A M H x -
IOTCII MCTMHHaJl IlOAOXMTeAbHaR XH3HeHHOCTb (-37t RH
ZjU) M M C T M H H U IIPMPOAa, ' I T o ~M3AY'faTb
~I CBeT XM3HeHHOC-
TM, K O T O P ~ IX
~B~M e T C X CBeTOM C ~ ~ H O C T HIIPMPOAbl
O ~ ~ B Apa-
I'OgeHHOM KOTAe B M 0 3 r y M CBeTOM H C T H H H O ~XM3HM B neYM
B H M X H ~'IaCTM
~ XMBOTa CM. 3 0 ~ 0 m 03AUKCUP.
~ C X ~ M
Taii zj.324, BOCXOAIIyaR K Y'IeHMI0 M3 M I J J M H , IIpOKOMMeH-
T M p O B a H a @MAOCO$OM XI B. %<OY A~H~-M.
B p o n c ~ e H H a BMCTMHH;UI XM3HeHHOCTb: MCTMHH~RX<M3HeHHOCTb,
CyiLjeCTByIOiLj;UI B MCXOAHOA IIOAOCTH AYXa 3a ~ e r n G p o s b e ~ ,
II~O5lBMlOiLj;UICX B BMAe Kpyra CBeTa, KOTOPYEO K O H + Y L J M ~ ~
Ha3BaA " A O ~ ~ O A ~ T ~ A C~OHB ~ ~I UMI ~ H C T B O M "( ~ 3 ~ b-) (ry-
M~HHOCT~) . " K . u r a n e p e ~ e s "H a 3 a I n a e T ee "6ecnpe~e~b-
HOCT~" (Y Zj3U), 6 y ~ ~-a " ~ 3 H a ~ U b H o k
MYAPOCT~IO"
(-lib MU%), a AaOCbI "BAMKCMPOM 6 e c c ~ e p ~ uUAM
x AYXOB-
HbIM C B ~ T O M
I).

r 0 p e H M e OrHH B H M X H e M 8 a U b mJZMe: C B U A ~ T ~ A 0~ IIOAHO-

CTB~~T
T e B O C I I ~ O M ~ B O ~CMAbI
~ R ~M
L X<M3HeHHOCTM,
~ ~ ~ OT KOTOPbIX O H
M IIPOMCXOAMT.

r ~ a 3B p a u J e H M e : M M ~ ~ T CBXBMAy T p U M e T O A a BparrJeHWI FA=,

MMeIQuJUX Pa3AM'IHbIe IJeAM: a) MaKpOKOCMMYeCKyIO C Y ~ A M -
MaLJMIO B O C I I P O M ~ B O ~ ~ R Y
CMAbI
I U J ~ (CM.
~ rAmy IV); 6) MMKPO-
KOCMMYeCKOe OYMiLjeHMe XM3HeHHOCTti (CM. r A m y VI); B)
co6wpae~eB ~ O X < A ~ H HCO~ ~~ ~~ J H O C TXM3HeHHOCTM
HO~~ AAX CO-
3AaHMX MaKpOKOCMMlieCKOrO ar\XMMM'IeCKOrO 3 A e h l e H T a , KO-
T 0 p b 1 k pa3BMBaeTCX B CAyYae IIOXBAeHMX C B e T a >I<M3HeHHOC-
TM (CM, r A m y VII).
fanb ny: CM. Cnaa~arrpoca.
f y ~ XO:
b ~ b l f iB IIeYM, TO e C T b H W I W H ~ a~ a ~ b
0 ~ ~ ~ I J a ~ e h b OI'OHb
m n b .

AYX,I I o A o X M T ~ A ~ H M~ I O~ T ~ M I J ~ T ~ A ~0 THp~~ I J~a :T e ~ b H b 1 fAyX

i
( U H ~~ 3 U b ) , B M A M M ~ InPaKTMKYIOuJMM,
~ eCAM OH 3 a K p O e T
r A a 3 a , C D 3 A a e T u I I I e p B b I M H IIriTbEO M3 LUeCTH CBepXHOPMaAb-
HbIX cnoco6~oc~efi
M XBAXeTCR OTpMIJaTeAbHbIM AyXOBHbIM
AbIXaHMeM, KOTOpOe MO>r<eT BMAeTb ApyI'MX, HO AAX HMX OC-
 TaeTCII HeBMAMMbIM, H e M O X e T rOBOpMTb C HMMM U H e MO-
X e T 6 p a ~ npe&MeTbI
b M n 0 3 T O M y I B KOHeYHOM CYeTe, CMepT-
Hoe. ~ Q A O X M T ~ A ~ H ~(RH
AyX I ~ 2443%~) C03AaeTCII ITIITbK) TM-
n a M M AYXOBHb1 k o ~ e kM IUeCTbK) CBePXHOPMaAbHbIMW CnO-
CO~HOCTIIMM, OH BMAeH APYPMM, M O X e T rOBOPMTb C HMMM,
MOXeT 6 p a ~ b
npe&M€!TbI M MMeeT T e Xe YepTbI, YTO M TeAeC-
an O~OAOYK
n p~a K T M K y w y e r o . OH ~ P M H M M @
~ ~oTp ~ yor-
,
Aa COCpeAOTaYMBaeTCII B OAHOM MeCTe MAM CTWOBMTCII YMC-
TOG XM3HeHHOCTbH3, KOrAa PaCCeMBaeTCII, Y T O ~ 3anOAHMTb
~ I
B e ~ w K y m~ Y C T O I ' Y , KOTOPaR CTWOBMTCII TOrAa ero 6e3rpa-
HMYHbIM TeAOM. CM. u e c m b C ~ ~ ~ X H . O P M ~ A CILOCO~MOC-
~H~ZX
meii.
A Y X - X M ~ H ~ H H O C TT~o:r 0 KaK AyX M XM3HeHHOCTb BepHy-
AMCb B H W K H M ~8aMb ??l.SlH.b, MX Corn3 H ~ ~ ~ I B XAYX->KM3-
M ~ I ~
HeHHOCTb, C 0 3 A Z T A Y X O B H ~ ICBeT,
~ K O T O ~ ~MCXOAMT
I ~ H3
CpeAHerO a a H b mRlcJl HAM COAHeYHOrO CnAeTeHMX.

Aa~xax-rueXM3HeHHOe: A a ~ x a w i eXMBHM, KOTOPOe nOAAepX<MBa-

e T @ y ~ ~ y ~ o ~ u p o ~cepAya,
a s I u em e A y A a a , neuesu, A e r m x M
~ M r n ~ YaCTM
e k X M B o T a M 6 e 3 K o T o p o r o TeAo n o r ~ 6 a e Kor-
~.
Aa 6 e ~ b 1 i iM ~ O A O T OCBeT
~ COeAMHIIIOTCX, KOHIJeHTpXJW B
I'OAOBe 3TMX IIXTM XM3HeHHbIX ~ b 1 ~ a s I MCO3AaeT
k MaKPOKOC-
M M Y ~ C K M&~~ X M M M Y ~ C 3AeMeHT,
KM~ KOTOP~I~
CAeAyeT CO-
6 p a ~ b
,$AX OKOHYaTeAbHOrO BbIXOAa Hapy-, 4 ~ 0 6 b 1npaKTM-
K Y K J Y M ~MOr n e p e i i ~OT~ n p o c T o r o WCTOIIHMII K CaKPaAbHO-
M y MI OCTaBMB 6 e 3 ~ ~ e X ~ nb 01~ k0 f i ,nOIIBMTbC3 B MaKpO-
KOCMe B ~ ~ C Y M C A ~ H HYOMCAe
M I I p e B p a y e H H bIX TeA.

o e cu): A b t x a i w e s a p o n b ~ r u aB
(ma$
A b ~ x a m se a p o ~ b ~ r u e ~ y ~ p -
6e s e p e 3 KasIiMbI y n p a B A e H w I M 3aYaTbII H a MMKPOKOCMMYeC-
KOM K p y r e , n p e K p ; U Z J m y e e c ~ npu n e p e p e 3 a ~ u un y n o ~ u ~ b r
npu poaax M ~ ~ M ~ . H Iyeeca
IK) AbIxat-tHeM r l e p e 3 H O ~ A P M . Ta-
KOe O C O ~ BMA
~ I A
~ k ~ AbIXaTeAbHbIX
~ ~ M ~Y I I ~ ~ X C H ~ H
MMH-
M~~,
t x a~s I u esapoAa~rua"
T M ~ ~ I O " ~~ b M B y~po6eM a T e p H .
A a ~ x a ~ uYeTbIpeXYaCTHOe:
e ~ O A H O
YeTbIpeXYaCTHOe
~ AbIXWMe
COCTOMT M3 BAOXOB M BbIAOXOb npM C O O T ~ T C T B y l o ~ e n0A-
M
HIITMM M OnyCKWMM BHyTpeHHerO OrHA H a MMKPOKOCMHYeC-
 KOM K P Y r e , K O T O P ~ I A
~O~ ~ ~ B A S I ~ T CK
X ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T H O
AbIXa-
M Y
HHIO.

AbIxaHMe 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~OHO
o e : IIOAHHMXTCX OT IIXTOK K M 0 3 q H
OIIyCKaeTCII IIO T e A y OT M 0 3 r a A0 CMePTHOrO 3 a T B O p a OHO
T a m e H ~ ~ ~ I B X T C "ca~ospayam
X yeeca Koaeca 3 a ~ o ~ a " ,
TO e C T b M ~ K P O K O C M M ' ~ ~ L KKPYTOM,
W IIO KOTOPOMY n0AHM-
M Z T C X M OIIYCKXTCII X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXaHMe, H a I I p a B A e H H O e
H a BOCCTaHOBAeHMe r ~ y 6 o ~ o r3apOAbIIUeBOrO
o AblXaHMX, M
y H M Y T O X a l O y e e IIpM 3TOM BCe I I ~ H O ~ ~ ~ TYCAOBMX,
~ H H ~ I ~
T a K q T O B p o X A e H H a S l XM3HeHHOCTb I I O A P X T B03MOXHOCTb
n p e o 6 p a 3 0 n a ~ b c ~B IIpKyIO XeMqyXMHy, OCBeuJaIOrrJyIO
M03l', r A e HaXOAHTCII a~6po3wr,C O 3 A W r r J a A M B b I p a 4 M B W -
4- 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ b3 ra pi oi A b I U l B H M X H e M a a ~ b
mRM, O T K y A a
O H a OCBeuJaeT C e p A g e , A a a A 3 H a T b 0 ()OPMHPOB;LHMM 6ec-
CMepTHOrO 3apOAbIIUa, K O r A a AbIXaHMe K m e T C X IIOYTM ripe-
~ B ~ H H ~ IaM n, y a b c O C T ~ H ~ B A M B ~ L L J M M CnXp M non~eiiureii
TMrUMHe M C ~ O K O ~ ~ C T B M M . CM. Ca~o6patyannqeec~
Koneco
3amnu.
A p a ~ o ~nOAOCTb:
a ~ ~ O A O C HTH~X H e r O afltcb ??LZlcR (CM. Aanb
rntcb).

A p a ~ o sM AHCT: CHMBOA~I
AOArOACTMR.

A ~ ~ K MO THH r p : A ~ ~ K IlpeACTaBAXeT
OH OTPMLJaTeAbHYIO >KM3-
HeHHOCTb ( U H ~Y U ) , a T M T - IIOAOXMTeAbHyIO ( I I HYU).
l/lx C M H M C IIPMBOAMT K IIPOIIBAeHMIO IIepBOHa'G3.AbHOrO AYXa
B BMAe XPKOrO CBeTa. CM. T a m e X U ~ H ~ H H O CY?~~
IZOAOmU-
menbnax u ompuzjamenbnax.
A ~ ~ K VoA eHH M~e : C B M A ~ T ~ A ~0CnOAHOTe T B ~ ~ TXM3HeHHOCTM
(YU) M B O C I I ~ O M ~ B O ~ ~CLuIbJ 1~ ~(Zj3uH).
~ K o r ~ aX M 3 H e H -
~ ; L H a b I H ~ P B H Otl~ 3~H e p r e T M -
HOCTb 3 m O A H X e T T O H ~ & L L I MK
q e c ~ 0 f CMCTCMbI,
i O H 2 CO3AaeT HeXCHble 3ByKM.

A e c x ~ bM3AMIUeCTB, B p e M r r J M X XM3HeHHOCTM: V p e 3 ~ e p ~ b I-
e
x o ~ b 6 aBpeAMT H e p B a M , CTOXHMe - KOCTXM, CMAeHMe -
KPOBM, COH - KPOBOO~~~IIJ~HM
P qHO~C, T b - BOCnPOM3BO-
myek cme, paccMa.rpMnaHwe npemeTon - ~ y x y pa3rono-
,
p b l - AbIXaHMIO, pa3MbIIUAeHMII - XeAyAKy, eAa - CepAJJy,

C e K C Y a b H b I e M3AMLUeCTBa - XM3HM.
A ~ B RHeyCT2bfOBMBIlIMXC.H
T~ ~b1xaHMfi: B ~ I ~ ~ I B ~I'HeBOM,
TCR KO-
~ o p b r i IlOAHMMaeT,
i M CTpaXOM, K 0 ~ 0 p b l f O
i n y C K a e T AbIXaHMe;
p w o c ~ b ~~
oo, ~ o p a3ma ~ e c y u t M
e ~X ; r o p e M , K o - r o p o e pasrom-
e T MX, y m a c o M , K 0 ~ 0 p b t f i ~ b 1 6 b r n a e - rMX M3 PMTMa; 3 U y M q M -
BOCTbko, K O T O P m CBX3 b 1 B X T HX; T I I X e A b I M TPYAOM, K O T O P ~ I ~ ~
~ c ~ o y MX;
a e XOAOAOM,
~ K O T O P ~ Ico6wpae-r
~~ MX; xapoh, KO-
TOP= P X C e M B a e T MX.
Aaii MQ: ~ O X C H O CM.
K~ H ~ A . B0ceMb snepzemuuecmx mnano6.
A U H VlSlHb:
~ ~ Y K B Z ~ ~ "HI IO
o A ~ ~ A M K c M ~ ~MAH
" "n0he KMHOBa-
p M J ' , TO e C T b 3 ~ e p r e ~ M Y e c K MIJeHTP,
k l'Ae CO3AiXTCX A e K a p -
CTBO UAM Z ~ X H M H Y ~ C K3M
A e~M e H T . B T e A e MMelOTWI T p M a a ~ b
mw:
1. H W K H M ~ mnb
aanb Ha 5 CM H M x e n y n K a , M e m o , r A e 3a-
A e p X M B i X T C A BOCnpOM3BOpSruJaJI CMAa T a K M M 06pa30~,VTO
O H a H e yCKOAb3aeT B H U 3 M H e B b I T e K a e T HapyXy. B HMXHeM
aanb mne oHa ost~yae~cx.
2. C p e ~ ~ waanb
k m n b , UAM coAHeqHoe cnAeTeawe, rAe BOC-
npOM3BOpSrIgaJI CMAa ( ~ 3 U l c )npeo6pa3ye~w1B X M 3 H e H H O C T b

(VU)
3 . B e y x ~ ~ hf il c b mRHb, UAM MCXOAHaR nOAOCTb A y X a , 3 a
~ e x 6 y o ~ b rAe
e ~ >I<M3HeHHOCTb
, (2524) npeo6pa3ye.r~~
B AyX
( ~ 3 ~ b ) .

X ~ HM B u ~B O C ~ Msnepzemuuecmx
O : CM. Kanah 3 a ~ a m b ~ mna-
AO 6.

> K e h ~ b 1 6 POCTOK: MCTI.IHH;LII BOCIlPOM3BOAXUJaJI CMAa. CM.

Xyan R.
~ U ~ H ~ H H OIlpMpOAbI
C T ~ M XM3HM: IlPMPOAa-XM3HeHHOCTb XBAX-
eTCX O T ~ M L J ~ T ~ A ~ H (O H
~ u b ) , X M 3 H b - X M 3 H e H H O C T b XBAXeTCX
~ O A O > I < M T ~ A ~ (fin),
HO~ MX COeAMHeHMe C03A'deT MCTMHHOe
CeMIl6 e c c ~ e p ~ wK1O, T O p O e CO B p e M e H e M CTWOBMTCX 6ec-
CMepTHbIM 3apOAblUJeM. C B ~ IIpMpOAbI-XM3HeHHOCTM
T no-
~ o 6 AYHHOMY
e ~ CBeTy, a CBeT XM3HM-XU3HeHHOCTM - 3 0 A 0 -
TOMY CMXHMIO.

~ H MO P ( M U M M3Hb,
~ 3Ha T B VG4) - HMXHM~ aa~W
b lXHb, KOTO-
pa16 H a x o A M T c x H w x c e M no3a+y nynlca, H w e M n e p e A no-
YKaMM, paCCTOXHMe Me>l<Ay HWMM M n e p e ~ ~ eM
fiT ~ I A ~ H O ~
 CTOYOHaMM X M B O T a HaXOAMTCX B llPorlOPlJMM 7/3, llOAOCTb
XMJHCHHOCTM.

X U ~ H ~ H (yu):
HOC X uT
3 1~1 e ~ ~ l oI rea q a n o , n o A y q a e M o e OT O'IM-
UJeHMR B O C ~ P O M ~ B O A I I U J ~CMAbl
~? ( I ~ ~ u H )O, H 0 CMMUOAM3MPY-
e T BeYHyIO X M 3 H b .

AUOMAM M C T M H H OCCW)
3 a p O ~ b l L U ,6 e ~ ~ M e p T ~ b ( l3faip O ~ b 1 m ~ :
COeAMHeHMe 6eh01-0 M 3OAOTOrO C B e T a IIOpOlKAaeT 6ecc~ep~-
~ b l f i3 a p O A b l t I I , M3 KOTOPOFO M C n y C K X T C X AyX, q ~ o 6 a 1CAe-
AaTbCX ~ ~ C C M ~ P T nH
OC~A~e M
T O r O , K a K ~ ~ ~ ~ K T M K ~ I OBM-
U J M ~
@ KaK "~+$xT CHer M TaHLJylOT L J B ~ ~ ~ I ' rlO'4yBCTByeT
',
c r p e M A e H u e n e p e a e c m c b B B ~ A M K Y H ~) Y C T O T Y . TO cTpeM-
A e H M e O T K P o e T H e 6 e c ~ b 1 i i3 a T B O p B M a K y I I I K e rOAOBb1 T a K ,
9 T O AYX nOA)WMT B 0 3 M O X H O C T b IlOKMHYTb + M ~ M ~ ~ c K
TeAO
o ~
 M nOIlBMTCII B IlPOCTpaHCTBe B ~~CKOH~YHO
MMHOXeCTBe
IlpeBPauJeHHbIX T e n .

3 a h 4 o p a m H ~ U Ayxx
~ e TO a n x m M ' i e c ~ ~ npogecc,
ii o6ecne~n-
BW y ~ i YCAOBMe
i TMLUMHbI, IIpM KOTOPOM I I ~ ~ K T M K Y I O I I J M ~ ~
er0
CTUOBMTCII ~ ~ C C O ~ H ~ T ~ A ~ HAbIXaHHe
~ I M , IIOYTH n p e K p a -
LIJXTCR H er0 IIyAbC K m e T C I I OTCYTCTBYIOUJMM. BTOAeAaeT-
CII AAH C O ~ M P U H I I B ~ O X A ~ H H U
OC~T~M H H O ~XM3HCHHOCTM
~ B
~ c x o ~ ~n ooa io ci T M Ayxa B g e H T p e ~ o s r M, a s a ~ en~ o A,n e A e -
HUH ee K H M X H e M y a a ~ ??UHlO,
b ' i ~ 0 6 b 1 Y A e p X M B a T b ee T a M
AAII nPaKTMKM 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ o ro
AbIXaHMII. CM. C a A 4 0 ~ m . 0 ~ -
m e A b i m e 6paqenue Koneca 3a~onu.

~ ~ T B OXU3HM
P (MUH A 4 3 ~ b ) ( B P ~ T ~
XM3HeHHOCTM, VG4): HWK-
~ M f ia a ~ b
mRHb, HaXOAMTCII H H X e n y n K a H H M X e IlOYeK
MeX<Ay XMBOTOM M IIOYKaMM, n p M PaCCTOXHMM M e X A y HMM
M ~B~H~ Y T ~ ~ HIIOBepXHOCTXMM
M B H ~ I I I H H ~ ~ ~ X M B O T a B COOT-
7
HOIUeHHM /3. OHT a m e HXibIBaeTCX M O p e M t4AM IIOAOCTbIO
XM3HeHHOCTM. CM.~ O A O Xl4.3lceltimCmU
C ~ ~ UAU Mope X U 3 -
nenimcmu.
3 0 ~ 0 ~ 03AMKCMP
fi (243U~b aalcb): 6nec~xywfiKpyl', IIOXBMIO-
UJHficII B IIOAOCTH AyXa 3a ~ e x 6 p o n b e OH
~ . IIpeACTaBAReT
co6oii B ~ A M KnMp e~A e~A (??lac243~)M H3HaYaAbHOe W3HUMe
( m n b tj3m3). CM. AUKC CUP beccuepmuu.

3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0CBeT:
f i y K X i b 1 ~ a eH~a IIOAHOTy CMXIoJIJMX BOCnpOM3BOAH-
yefi CMAbI ( Z ~ ~ U H ) , XM3HeHHOCTM (YU) M A y X a ( ~ 3 1 ~ b ) .
30~0~0 H e6K T a p : ~ H A K O C T P , C 0 3 A a S X M a J I MaKPOKOCMMYeCKMM
aAXclMMYeCKMM 3AeMeHTOM, K O T O ~ 6~ bI 1~ YCneIIIHO
~~ HaKOII-
AeH IlPaKTMKyIOLIJMM. ECAMer0 p o T IIOAOH 3 T O r 0 H e K T a p a , OH
AOAXeH IlPOrAOTMTb er0 OAHMM WOTKOM, Y T O ~ ~IIpOBeCTM
I
ero n o ~ a ~ a An ~y~ C T B W(ay u o ) K HMmHeMy a a n b mnm,
u ~ o 6 b 13 a n e p e ~ b
T a M XM3HeHHOCTb. ECAM e M y H e YAaAOCb CO-
6 p a ~ ~
b O A O T OH~e K T a p , OH nOAy.IMT TOAbKO YHCTYIO CAIOHy.
MCTO'IHMK H ~ P B H OCMCTeMbI:
~ 6ali 6,
~~322 y K ~ i U b ~" To O I I K ~ , B
K O T O P O ~ COTHll B C T P ~ ~ W T C R " (V<;20) H a MaKyLLrKe r o A o -
p a k o ~ ePOAHM'fKa.
BbI, B

L/ICTUHHOC cem: CM. E e c c ~ e p ~ r ~ t i b3latpi0 8 b z z u .

Mwb: O T P M L J ~ T ~ A ~ H>KeHCKOe,
O~, IIaCCMBHOe, I I o I ~ o ~ ~ H oMHepT-
~,
Hoe.

Mnb 90:
Chi. Boceub 3nepzemu~ecmx~ a n a a o 6 .
M 3 ~ a q ; ~ ~ C
b O~3 H
ome M e ( ~ H w M ~ )( w H b ~ 3 ~ 3CM.
) : 30~0m06
3/WLKcUp.

I / ~ C X O A nOAOCTb
H~ AyXa ( m H b X 3 H b ZUU MAM l p b l ZjA0, P O A O B M
~OAOCT: ~ )T O Y K
3 a~ ~ e ~ 6 p o ~ r bA ee n ~O K, a 3 b I B X T C A CBeT,
KOrAa n p a ~ ~ M ~ y I O yOuBkA q e B a e T COCPeAOTOqeHMeM Ha
3 ~ 0 kIIOAOCTM.
kf ZyUHb: Bcenpo~n~amyee.
H s n m u e , A a H H O e B ~ A U K ~OY~C T O -
T e K O H + ~ ~ M ~ H C K M MKMA X C M K ~ M M .

I / l c x o ~ ~ an0AOCTb
x AyXa: k k H b w 3 H b lUl4 MAM g 3 b l Z@O - TOYKP
32 M ~ > K ~ P O B ~rAe
~ MnOKa3bIBaeTCX
, CBeT, KOl'Aa rIpaKTMKyW-
y M k O B A a & 2 B Z T K O H ~ J ~ H T ~ ~HI aJ ~Me~k~ .

Mcnyc~mueHenPOM3BOAbHOe: B35 CRHb - OIIaCHOCTb.

KOT~A:~ O A O C T B~ ,~ o ~ o p o~ MkX M M M Y ~ C K Mnpoyecc
~ npeo6pa30-
BbIBeT BOCnpOM3BOA5IyyIO CUAy ( ~ 3 2 4 ~ )B XM3HeHHOCTb
(Z~U) M X M 3 H e H H O C T b ( ~ 2 . 4 ) B AYX (ZUbHb). OH^ M e H X e T MeC-
TO, nO&HMMaRCb O T H M X H e r O 8 a H b ??lJZli.jZ nOA I I y n K O M K
CpeAHeMy &Hb mRW0 B COAHeqH0.M CnAeTeHMM &M npeo6pa-
30BaHMII B O C I I P O H ~ B O ~
CMAbI
Y ~ ~ (q32.4~) B XM3HeHHOCTb
(vu), M 3 a T e M K B e p X H e M y 8 a H b ??lJZHW B M031Y1 Ha3bIBaeMO-
M y A P a r O y e H H b I M KOTAOM, A M n p e o 6 p a ~ o ~ aX~M~3 Hxe H -
HOCTM (2524) B AyX (ZU3Hb).

Kpyr CBeTa: Kpyr~oeCMIIHMe, 06pa30~aki~oe

~ y x o s ~ oX M
k 3HeH-
HOCT~IO, K o T o p o e MCXO,A,MT 143 C p e A H e r o 8 a n b mrc~UAM co-
AHeYHOPO CnAeTeHMII IlOCAe TOrO, K a K AyX ( ~ 3 ~ 8
M )>KM3-
HeHHOCTb (ZjU) BePHYTCII B H M X H M ~8 a H b T?l.JlNb IIOA nyn-
KOM; O H 0 I I B M e T C I I IIPORBAeHMeM M C T M H H O ~npMpOAbI q e A 0 -
BeKa.
Iialrail ynyan,ieHMx (Ljy N O ) : s ~ e p r e ~ i i q e c ~ lKi i~i H ~B Anosno-
H O ~ H M K ~~ ~, y l g l tUT
i t eru o c t r o r j a n i l s r AO ~ o a r aB ~ e c c~ Kea -
~ a n .3a1iar.bn
o ~ OH uiipa3ye-r i l l n ~ p o t t o u m s e c r c M kK p y r .
KaH'2.A 3a'laTb.% MAM A ~ ~ C T B M(R~ 3 7 f NO):
b K a ~ wB n e p e A w TeAa,
U A Y U J I . ~0.1~. M O 3 r a A 0 OCHOBWMR n e H M c a . ( M ~ o r B~ Tae K C T e
OH ITepeBOAMTCR, KaK K W U A ~ ~ C T B M X . )

K a n b : 0 6 M ~ e A b(AOM) BOAbI B H M X H ~ L ? '4aCl.M X M B O T a O A HM3

~
BOCbMM T p M r P a M M U K H M ~ HMe p e ~ e H * , O W H b UIMpOKO MC-
nOAb3yeMbIX B CMMBOAMKe aaocc~oiiaAXMMMM. (CM. K a ~ b U
flu.)
K a n b M flu: HM>I<HIIII qar)Tb >I<MBOTa M CepALJe COOTBeTCTBeHHO.
AYX( t ~ 3 ~ bB) flu ( O ~ M T ~ A MO ~ H X ) n p e A c T a B A R e T CYYHOCT-
HYIO llpMpOAY, a X<M3HeHHOCTb (YU) B K a n b ( O ~ M T ~ A M
BO-
~ b 1 ) - Be'IHyIO X<M3Hb.

K O M ~ O H ~ HCOCTXiAIIIOYMe,
T~I 'IeTbIpe: T e ~ o ,A b I X W M e , PZYM-
H b I e H XMBOTHbIe AyUIM, CUhU3OAM3MPyeMbIe 3 A e M e H T a M M BO-
AH, arm, A e p e B a H M e T a a

I\a0-y3b1: POAMACII B 604 r. A 0 H. 3. ('I'P~+$MLJMoHHX~ AaTMPOB-

~ a ) 6. b 1 H
~ a B a H AM 3p, a TaKX<e AM 60 AH MAM ha0 A a H b
( n p o s ~ u y e ) .6 b 1 y~ p o X e H y e M y e s ~ aKy B r J a p c T B e Yy ( ~ e -
n e p h ITpOBMHrJMII Xy63A). B T e Y e H M e AOArOrO B p e M e H M O H
6 b 1 ~apXMBapMyCOM IlpM AMHaCTMM % K o Y , HO, BMQp, 'IT0 O H a
C T U a KAOHMTbCII K yna+$Ky, OH IIOKMHYA C q a H Y , MQp H a -
BClpev H ~ M ~ B ~ C T H O ~ ~ cy~a6e.n o T ~ ~ ~ O B ; L H Mll0Tp;LHM'IHO-
K)
r0 'IMHOBHMKa OH 3 a n M C U CBOM MblCAH B K H M r e Aao A 3 LJIMH.
C o r ~ a c ~xoo ~ u ~ r n e Ai ie r e H A e , OH ~ L I A C T a p b I M y x e n p M
PO>Y4eHMM M n 0 3 T O M Y 6 b 1 ~ l l P 0 3 B a H Aa0 g 3 b 1 , q T O 0 3 H a ' I a e T
" c ~ a p b 1 kC ~ I H " .

Aao-l-Jsar PeIIlMA BOCKpeCMTb C T a p y I O T P q M I J M I O , CYYeCTBOBaD-

u y w e y e no BpeMeHa MMnepaTopa Xym-AM(2698 -2597
Au: C e p ~ g eHAM O ~ U T(AOM)
~ A ~OrHII (c-rpac~eii):CM. K a n b ti
Au.

Ayn A ~~ J~ K o H ~ "~) O: A O C TA p~ a K O H a , KO-

ZyM (AOCAOBHO " A B O ~ ~
TOP= RBAXeTCII IIOAOCTbSO H M X H e r O 8 a H b W f C I I . CM. T a m e
A a n b WMHb.

M ~ T O BCaCbIBaHMR
A (CU), AaBAeHMR (ZUU) , CXaTMII (YO) M 3 a -
KPbITMR (624) : & 3 c6opa MaKpoKOCMHYeCKOrO a A x w M Y e c -
KOrO 3 A e M e H T a M er0 I I O A W M a IIO K W a A y YIIpaBAeHWI IIyTeM
3aKPblTMR W a A b H O r O OTBePCTMIl AePCBIIHHbIM KPYXKOM, H a -
A a B A H B m M R II3bIKOM H a ~ e 6 0M IIUblJeM - Ha C M ~ V H ~ I
3 a T B O p , BCaCbIBaHUII BO3AyXa V e p e 3 HOC M C X a T M e M n 0 3 B O -
HOVHMKa BbIUle KOIIVMKa, V T O ~ W
~ II p e T b M O C B O ~ O A M TKOCT-
~
~ b l M
k 0 3 r B OCHOBWMM II03BOHOYHMKa.

Mun ~ 3 n b CM. : 3am6op m n u .

MRO U 3 f t b : O T B ~ ~ C6 Tp M
a ~ ~~ H
b a1 B e p X y I U K e rOAOBb1. CM. He-
b e c n b t i i 3am6op.

MWKPOKOCMHY~CKM~
K P y r (CXO vX0y m ~ n b ) : OH HaYMHaeTCII B
0CHOBO.HMM lT03BOHOYHMKa1 H'd3bIBaeMOM n e p B b I M 3aTBOpOM
(63ii AY), nOAHMMXTC5l IT0 II03BOHOYHMKy A 0 BTOPOrO 3 a -
T B O p a M e X A y ITOYKaMM (~31125324) M 3 a T e M A 0 BaTbIAKa, H a -
3 b I B X M O r O T P e T b M M 3aTBOPOM (I0 ~ 3 ~ AOCTMraeT
b ) MO3ra, a
3 a T e M OlTyCKXTCX BHM3 I I 0 AMLJy, IpYAM M XMBOTY, BO3Bpa-
 UJUCb TyAa, O T K y A a BbIIUAa, M 3alKpIUU 3TMM n 0 ~ H b l f i
IJMKA.

M U K ~ O K O C M M ~ K~ pCy K
r aO ~O
UIeCTb +a3 (AH, my): ~ O A W Mn o
K W a y YIIpaBAeHMR OT C M e p T H O r O 3 a T D O p a A A0 D M G H a
M a K y I U K e rOAOBb1 (CM. PMC. 4.). TO I l e p B O e , B T O P e M Tpe-
T b e n O A O X e H U 9 IIpM n O A l S M e , a n p M OnyCKaHMM n 0 KaH;MY
3 a q a T b R TOqKH OT G K J H A XEARIOTCR n e p B b I M , BTOPbIM M
T T b M M nOAOXeHMRMM n P M ABMXeHMM BHM3.
' -

MOCTCOPOKM: Bepx~ufiMOCT COPOKM (UH Z4W3 ~ 0 -) 3T0

H O C O B O ~K
~ m U ; c p e ~ ~ t iMOCT
fi COPOKH (v
24103 ZjRO) -
3 T 0 X3bIK, M H M X H M ~MOCT
~ COPOKM (CR Z4?03 90)
- 3T0
myc.
Mymc~oeM meHcKoe Haquo: Mymc~oe( q n b ) HAM noAomu-
TeAbHOe M >KeHCKOe ( v b ) MAM OTpMLJaTeAbHOe H a q u o .

Mexa, BO3AyXOAyBHble (m0 103): M e X W K 3 M BeHTHMIJMM B T e A e ,

~ b 1 3 b 1 ~ a e M b I BAOXaMM
fi M BbIAOXaMM AM 3 ; U I C M T ~ M R3 H e p r e -
TM'ICCKOrO OrHX B H M X H e f i q X T M XMBOTB, I I 0 ~ 0 6 ~ b l B03AY'
fi
XOAyBHbIM M e X a M , MCIIOAb3yeMbIM ANI p a 3 A y B W W 4 OG~I~HO-
r0 OrHx.

Mope IKM3HeHHOCTM: ~ O A O C TH~M X H e r O a a ~ ZIWEMfl

b nOA nyn-
KOM. CM.A a n b m n b .

Mope cy y ~ o c ~ ~ nop wf pi o a b l (cun xac) : H a 3 b 1 ~ a m c xT a m e

Zj3bZ Z&O HAM U C X O A H O ~n0AOCTbIO AYXa 3a ~ e x 6 p o n b e ~ .

H H X H Ma a~H~b m H b : ~ O A O C TMAM
~ O K e W XM3HeHHOCTM, A y H
ZYH HAM A B o p e y A p a K o a a , a TamCe ceBepHoe Mope.

H35 M I ~ O20y: CM.Bnympenrcee cau~nue.

HU & ~ b : ~ Y K B U"UIapMK
~ H O M3 I'AMH~I", TO e C T b M 0 3 r MAM 0 6 . .
AXTb M03ra ~ ~ C T
T aO
K X e Ha3bIBaeTCR M C X O A H O ~IIOAOCTbIO
~
AyXa 3 2 M ~ X ~ P O B ~ n o ~,
~ M o 6 ~TOMY,
o K a K HM30M XVfBOTa
HZibIBaeTC5i H M X H M ~8~a H b m R H b , p a c n o n o x e ~ ~ b n
~pf ih ~ e p -
 HO H a 1.5 @ h a H w e nynKa C~opeeB c e r o CAOBO nu 6ane
fiBMC2TC.A T p a H c K p M n r J M e i i 6 y ~ ~ ~ i i c IlOHXTWl
~oro ~ p 6 U ~ a
Hn3 XMBOTX 0 6 u ~ e BOAbI
~ b B IlpoTMBOIIOAOXHOCTb c e p A y y , KO-
T O p O e XBAXeTCX 0 6 u ~ e ~ b rOor m . ~ O HM30M
A XMBOTa q X T 0
MMeC3CX B BMAY IlOAOCTb HMXHel'O &lcb mJllcR IlOA IlyKOM.

He60 M 3ew: ~ O A O M
B ~m u n o T .

He6ec~oeeAMHCTB0 (ZjSltb 2.4): H a 3 ~ m ~B e~ A H K OIlyCTOTbI, ~

yno~pe61we~oe B "K~viren e p e ~ e ~CM. " . Qne-U.
H e 6 e c ~ b 1 i iA B o p e g ( z j u $y): Apyroe H a 3 n a f i n e &mi y e t WO, MC-
x o ~ ~ oIIOAOCTM
ii Ayxa
H e 6 e c ~ b 1 i iB o A o e M ( m n e r l u cm3): HOAOCT~ B T e n e , q e p e 3 KOTO-
PyIo XI43HeHHOCTb OIlyCKaeTCX BHM3 M Y T e K X T H a p y X y .
~ O ~ T OH M
q O~ IlOAHXTb X3blK, '1~06bl 3aTKHyTb ee M npM
3 T O M CAeAaTb &mi XM3HeHHOCTM MOCT AAX I l e p e X O & a BHM3
( T ~ H C T B ~ Hy3&e'lKa)
l r e p e 3 IIOAOCTbro CKlZHb UH HZ no Ka-
any mm.
3 a . r a ~ bB~ rJeH-rp H u m e m a a n b

H3ii wo ZOY: CM. Bnympennee cawrnue;

OCHOB~HMX 3aKAa,4bIB;LHMe ( ~WU):q K o r ~ aAyX ~ A Y W X T B
I l p o C T p a H C T B e B IIOMCKaX qyBCTBeHHbIX B O C I ~ P H X T M ~X
~ ,M 3 -
HeHHOCTb P a C C e H B X T C X M B O C I I p O M 3 B O ~ I I J a J ICMAa YXyAIIla-
eTCX. ~ O ~ T O MH Y
~ O ~ X O A M MC
O Y ~ A M M M ~ O BT ~M
T ~A p a r o r J e H -
HbIX 3 A e M e H T a , a MMeHHO: BOCnPOM3BOAIILIJYH) CMAY ( Z ~ ~ U H ) ,
X M 3 H e H H O e A b l X W M e (ZjU) M AyX ( ~ 3 ~ b ')L, T O ~ BOCCTaHO-
~I
BMTb MX IIePB0Haq;MbHylO CMAY M 0CHOB;LHMe 6 y ~ 3anoxe-
e ~
HO, KOl'Aa 3TM T p M 3 A e M e H T a ~ ~ ' ~ ~ A M H R T&mi
C I IO ~ ~ ~ ~ O B ~
6 e c w e p ~ ~ o CeMeHM.
ro
BTO OCHOBaHMe IlOAHMMXT IlpaKTMKyroIIJerO C y p o B H 8
CMePTHOCTM K ~ ~ C C M ~ P T M K
yCnOK%IBaeT
), er0 y M 32 AeCXTb
( A Y H H ~ I X ) MeCXrJeB, A X T BO3MOXHOCTb O T K a 3 a T b U OTO C H a
3a AeBXTb HAM AeCXTb MeCXrJeB, O C B O ~ O A H T ~ COT
X IIOT~~~HOC
TM B IIMIIJe M I l H T b e 3a AeCXTb MeCXrJeB, H e 'lYBCTBOBaTb HM
XOAOAa 3 ~ 0 i i HM
, X a p b I AeTOM M AOCTMqb HeB03MyTMMOCTI.I
 AyXa, KOTOpaJr IIPMBOAMT K ~ O C T O B H H OT~H~W H H e H RCHOCTM.
TO 3 a K A w b I B 2 H H e 3 A e M e H T a CAeAaJ.3 X M 3 H h T ~ K Xe
O ~ AAM-
T ~ A ~ H O
K a~K , CylJJeCTBOBaHMe ~ e 6 e cM 3f2MAM M I I p M B e A e T K
n p ~ o 6 p e ~ eCBepX%eCTeCTWHHbIX
~~e C I I O C O ~ H O C T ~ KOTO-
~~,
pbIMM O ~ A ~ W Bee
T 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ b 1 e .

OI'oHb, 6a1crpark M M e A A e H ~ b l k :6 b I c ~ p b I f OI'OHb

i C 0 3 A X T C I I BA0-
XaMM M BbIAOXaMM, U T O ~ ~BBeCTM
I X M 3 H e H H Y l O CMAY B KPYI'
AAR O'IMIIJeHMR, a M e A A e H H b I f i O r O H b C03AaeTCII MeAMTaTMB-
H b I M MCTOAOM, K O T O P ~ ICOCTOMT
~ B 3 a K P b I B a H M M I'Aa3 C ye-
AbIO IIOArOTOBKM Y M a , K O T O ~ ~ XOTR
I ~ , M IIyCT, H O H e nepe-
b , K O T O P ~ I XOTR
CTXT p a 6 o ~ a ~ M ~ M CMReT, H O H e OCTaeTCR
H e n O A B M X H b I M , M 0 KOTOPOM M H e 3 a 6 b I B W ~ ,H O H e BCnO-
MMHalOT. 6 b I ~ ~ p b IO
f ir O H b n e p e K A l O Y a e T , M e A A e H ~ b l f iO r O H b
YCnOKaMBXT. K o r ~ Y'IMTCAM
a MCtlOAh3ylOT MX, OHM npeo6pa-
3YlOT HeYMCTOTbI B T e A e B CAe3b1, KOTOPbIC BhIXOART Y e p e 3
r A a a

A. q e ~ b 1 p eT M n a O r t I X , p a 3 X < M I ' X M O I ' O A b I X a H M e M AAII

n p e o 6 p a 3 0 ~ a ~ ~~Ox A O B OII<MAKOCTM,
~ I I O A ~ U X M OOT
~ IIepe-
BapMBaHMR IIMIIJM B B O C n p O M 3 B O ~ X l J J y l O CMAy ( l 4 3 ~ ) t ) : ,

1. P a 3 ~ M r a H M eOI'HR AAR B 0 3 B P a Y e H M R B O C I I ~ O M ~ B O A R U J ~ ~
C M A ~ I ( g u n ) B H M > K H H ~aanb m n b .
2. n p ~ n e ~ e ~o r Hu Ae AAR noBopaYMBmMx Ko~eca3 a ~ o ~ a ,
r ~ o 6 b 1c o 6 p a ~ h~ A X M M M Y ~ C K3 A
Me~M e H T .
3. C B R ~ ~ ~O BM ~C H
O r HM
e M~
, TO e C T b BAbIXaWMR I4 BbIAbIXa-
HMR AAR IlpMBeAeHMR ~~IIp0l43~0ffrrlJJefi MX U ~ H ~ H H BO ~ ~
CMA
IIeYb B H W K H e h Y X T M X M B O T a .
4. n p e ~ p a u ~ Oer ~
H R~ eO
, T e C T b IIPHOCTZlHOBKa BCRKOI'O AbI-
X W M R IIOCAe AByKpaTHOI'O IIORBAeHMR 3 0 A O T O r O C B e T a , VTO-
6a1 H e MCnOpTMTb yXe w 6 p a ~ w b 1 f iU X M M M ' ~ ~ C K M3~A e M e H T .
 6. C e ~ TMnOB
b Ol'IUl, IIOAylraeMOrO M3 AyXa, n p e A H a 3 H a -
q e H H b I X &M n p e o 6 p a 3 0 n a ~ B~ O~ C ~ ~ O M ~ B O A ~ CUAbI
I I I J ~ ~B
XM3HeHHOCTb:
1. 3 a ~ o p a m ~ s a ~ ne
arm, TO e c T b s a ~ o p a x u n a ~ uM enepe-
BOA A y x a B H M X H W ~aanb
~ mnb.
2. n e p e ~ 0O r~H R KyAa-TO 0 3 H a ' f a e T n e p e B O A H a MMKPOKOC-
M M ~ ~ C KK PHY ~r B H y ' I p e H H e r O Ol'IUI, K O T O P ~ I3~a T e M n p O X 0 -
AMT repe3 CY~AMM~LJMM
B D M J &M TOrO, Y T O ~ CO-
~ I
6 p a ~ bB H Y V H H U ~ ~ A X M M M ' ~ ~ C 3KAM
e M~e H T T a K , ' i ~ 0 6 b 1 MC-
T M H H U XM3HeHHOCTb IIOAHRAaCb K M03I'y, K O T O P ~ I TOl'Aa
~
IIOAHOCTbIo P a 3 0 B b e T C R , ' I T 0 IlpMBeAeT K IlORBAeHMIo M e X A y
rAa3aMM R P K O r O CBeTa, H a 3 b l B X M O r O T~UHCTB~H H~IM
3aTBO-

POM.
3.O n y c ~ a H M eOrHJf, Y T O ~ L 3aCTaDMTb
I 0 T P M ~ a ~ e h b ~Ol'OHb
b 1 ~
( u ~ XO)
b OTCTYnMTb HaCTOAbKO, Y T O ~ nOAOXMTeAbHaR
~ I CM-
Aa M O r A a nOAHOCTbH) Pa3BMTbCR M 3aMeHMTb OTpMLJaTeAb-
HYIo C W y Mnb.
4.C A B M ~ ~ I - I OrHR
U~ 3aKAIOY aeTCR B MCllOAb30BWMM 6 b 1 c ~ p o r 0
O~HR P a c w M p e H m D c e x 3 a 6 u ~ b l xK W ~ A O B , wn ornye-
HU5l MX OT 3 a I p R 3 H e H M R - CM. 6bzcrnpbzEi U Meade~~btG
02-
nu.
5 . y c n o ~ o e ~ uOl'HR
e 3aKnIQYaeTCR B n p m t e H e H u u M e w e H -
H O r O O r H R , q ~ 0 6 b 1 IlOMO'lb PaCLUMPMBLIIUMWI 3 H e p r e T M q e c -
KHh4 K a H a A a M COKPaTMTbWI TOK, '1~06b1 AbIXaHMe, P a C n p O -
c~paI-IHnrueecrr no Telzy, M o r A o 6 b 1 B e p H y T a c x H a cnoe npem-
Hee M e m o - CM. 6btcmpszii u ~eaaennbziioznu.
6. O r 0 H b B CBOeM C O ~ C T B ~ H H O OM~ M T ~ A M L-
I J CepAIJe
~ (06~-
TeAb O ~ H R ) ~ 0 3 6 y m ~ eM~noe H M C HaXOAMTCR B COCTORHMM
3 p K L J M M , HeCMO'IpII H a OTCYTCTBMe ~ b l c ~ 0
e ekK C e . TO TOT
M C T M H HO
~ r~O ~H b B CBOeM C O ~ C T B ~ H H OAOMe,
M K O T O ~ nOA-
~ I ~
H U M ~ ~nononoii
T opraH, a H e TOT M C T M H H L I O
~ ~~ O H K
~ ,O T O ~ ~
~ u 6 p n p y eB ~.rat zpbz (OT 11 Y ~ C O Bnerepa AO 1 .racy ~ o r u ) ,
'KOrAa neHMC nOAHRT M KOrAa CAeAyeT c o 6 u p a ~ baAXMMMreC-
KUG 3AeMeHT.
7. O l ' 0 H b CepALJa - 3TO OrOHb CTPaCTM, ~ 0 3 6 y ~ ~ a e AyP-
~ b l k
HbIMM MbICAIIMM, BbI3blBaK)LyUMM CeKCyaAbHble X e A a H U I I .
 TO "OCHOBHO~O ~ O H ~ " (q
XO) MAM A Y P H O ~O r O H b , KOTO-
pro CAeAyeT ~ 3 6 e r a ~ b .

B. C e ~ TMIIOB
b Or-, n O A p X M b I X M3 B P O > K ~ Z ~ H HXOM~3 -
HeHHOCTM ( C I I H ~ 7tWIHb YU), KOTOPbIe O'IMy;1IOT AbIXaHMe M
c n o c o 6 c ~ ~ y IIpOXBAeHMW
ro~ M3HaqaAbHOrO AyXa:
1. ~ M ~ K ~ A M ~ o Or- M ~ no K a H a A y YIlpZUiAeHMX A 0
B ~ HBBepX
M C X O A H O ~nOAOCTM
~ A y X a M BHM3 n 0 K a H a A y 3 a ' f a T b X A 0 H M X -
Hero a a n b mm.
2. Co6wpa~ueOrHX 3aKnI-O%U2TCX B C O ~ C I P ~ H MBOCnPOM3BO- H
psryei U X M ~ H ~ H CMA,
H Oa T~a ~
K X e U aAXMMM'IeCKOr0 3 A e -
M e H T a , q ~ 0 6 b 1C ~ O C O ~ C T B O BXM3HeHHOMY
~T~ A b I X W M W CHM-
3 y n p M OAHOBPeMeHHOM COBePLIIeHCTBOBaHMM C Y ~ H O C T H O ~
IIpMpOAbI M B ~ Y H O ~
XM3HM.
3. ~ O A H H T My ~x e c o 6 p a ~ ~ o rOrHX
o K M 0 3 r y , npexqe q e M
onycTuTb ero K H w K H e M y a a n b m n m cylrr y r c p e n A e H m T e A a ,
o c ~ a 6 n e ~ ~ yo ~r oe q ~ ~ocnpons~opsryeii
o k CMA~I.
4. O r 0 ~ bB 0 6 ~ ~ a n u yBOAbIe ( K C L H ~ )I I p e A C T a B h R e T B M ~ P M -
pyI0YyI-O XM3HeHHOCTb, KOTOPaJl o6pa3ye~BO3AyXOAyBHbIe
M e x a OT HM3a C e p A g a A 0 o6~ac~1.1
noA IlynKOM, COeAMHeHa C
IlOAOBbIM 3aTBOpOM q e p e 3 C M ~ ~ T 3aTBOP.
H ~ I ~
5. O ' I ' p M g a T e A b ~ b ~ k O r O H b ( U N ~XO) B n e q H MAM H M X H e M
a a H b 7tWIHt?, K O T O P ~ IA~B M P Z T X M 3 H e H H O C T b H a MMKPOKOC-
M H ~ ~ C KKM
p y r~.
6. O ~ O Hl l~ ~, l ' p ~ ~ B ~ ~ b K
e BOAy. ~ oh r ~ a
B O C n p M 3 B O ~ ~ aM
Jl
X M 3 H e H H a J I CMAbl HaXOPJITCX B H W K H e M a a H b ??lAHC, OHM XB-
AAWTCX O r H e M B O ~ M T ~ A BOAbI,
M HO K O r A a OHM n0KMA;UOT
er0, r T N b H a p y X y , OHM IIPMHUMZUOT ~ O P M Y~ O A O B O ~ ~
q~o6bY
XMAKOCTM.
7. O r 0 ~ bB ne'4M. K o r ~ aAyX M XM3HeHHOCTb BM~PHPYWT B
HM>KHeM a a l c b m H e , 3 T 0 M e C T b TO, '4TO H a 3 b I B X T C A O r H e M B
new.
O r 0 ~ bC e p A g a ( C U H ~ XO): T a ~ x eHa3bIB;UOT r A a H b l M OI'HeM,
BO3HMR;UOgMM nOA A ~ ~ ~ C T B AypHbIX
M ~ M ~ b r c ~ e kK , O T O ~ ~ I ~
cAeAyeT M 3 6 e r a T b . C ~ . Yxy Xo.
OCHOBH ~ I ~MMKPOKOCMMqeCKOFO K p y r a , qf2TbIpe:
OqKM
1. Cenep (25362) y OCHOB~SIMII n e H M c a ;
2. mr ( y ) M a K y l r r K a rOAOBb1, IIpOCTPaHCTBO M e X A y HMMM;
3. BOCTOK ( w o ) - c n M s a ;
4. 3anw ( w ) - n e p e A H x r r s a c ~ TeAa.
b

O s w y e ~ ~CM.
e : Y u m m u ovuuqenue.
f bi : ~ R T O ' I H
n X ~ o ' I H b 1 f iM ~ e ~ e c ~ bn ly T n y~ ~ ~ ' t m y ~ )MAeT
T bI (ZYH
OT IIRTOK K M 0 3 l y , a T ~ A ~ C Hn y~ TIbE(Zylc mu) OT M O 3 r a K Ty-
A O B M y y , TO e C T b CMePTHOMY 3aTBOpY. CM. C a M 0 6 p a U 5 ~ ~ t l
Koaeca 3amm.
no~W.3~
M OnyCKaSIUe B H y T p e H H e r O OrHX no MMKPOKOCMMqeCKO-
My Kpyly: ~ P M
BAOXe CepArJe, AyX M MbICAb AOAXHbI BMeCTe
IIOAHMMaTbCX no KaHaAy YllpaBAeHMX OT O C H O B H O ~TO'rKM A
y OCHOB~HMX n e H M c a AO o c ~ o n ~ oTiOi ~ K MG H a MaKyImce ro-
AOBbI, a n p M BbIAOXe CepArJe, AyX M MbICAb AOAXHbI BCe BMeC-
T e OIIYCKaTbCR no KaHaAy 3 a q a T b R OT O C H O B H O ~TO'rKM
~ G Ha
MaKyKUKe rOAOBb1 K A (CM. PMC. 4). n 0 ~ ' b RBAHeTCX
e ~ nOA0-
X M T e A b H b l M (IIHCKMM), a CnyCK - OTpMLJaTeAbHbIM (MHb-
CKMM) .
~ O A O B O ~O
Op r Z l H a c n o c o 6 ~ o c ~COKparrJaTbCX:
b ~ K ~ ~ ~ I H
B aZ
IIOAHOT)' B P O > K A ~ H H OXM3HeHHOCTM
~~ (CRICI, flWlHb tf~) B Te-
A e , 'lTO XBhReTCR O q e H b XOPOKUMM 3HaKOM 80 B p e M I l 3 a H X ~ t 4 6
~ a o c c ~ oaini x ~ ~ u e i i .
~ O A O C TM~C T U H H O ~ ~
XM3HeHHOCTM (WH VU C K ) ~ ) : H H X H H ~ ~
a a ~ m
b R H 8 nOA n y n K O M , r A e IlpOXBAXeTCX MCTHHHaJl X H 3 -
HeHHOCTb. CM. Y x 3 M b l5U CW3.
~ O A O C TXM3HeHHOCTM:
~ H M X H Maa~1,
~ ~ mRHb nOA I l y n K O M , Ha-
s b ~ n a e ~ bT~ ai m
i e M O p e M XM3HCHHOCTM (VU X426) M ~ ~ T B O
P O M XM3HM (MUM ~ 3 ~ 6 ) .
 T M~3 H e H H b I X A ~ I X ; Z H MOHM
~ I I X ~: MCXOAIIT M3 X<M3HeHHOCTM I1
H M X H e M 8 a H b tllllHe, M3 KOTOPOFO OHM PaCXOAIlTCII K n R T M
BHYTPeHHMM O p F M a M : K ACI'KMM, K a K X M 3 H e H H O e A b I X m M e
3 A e M e H T a MeTZlAAa; K CepALJy KaK XM3HeHHOe A b l X W U e 3Ae-
M e H T a OI'HII; K IIe'IeHM, K a K X U 3 H e H H O e A b I X W M e 3 A e M e H T a
A e p e B a ; K XMBOTY, KPK X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXaslMe 3 A e M e H T a 3 e M -
AM; K HM3Y XUBOTO, K;U< X H 3 H e H H O e A b I X W M e 3 A e M e H T a BO-
AbI. I / ~ xCOeAMHeHMe B e A M H y W X M 3 H e H H O C T b npMBOAMT Ii
IIpOIIBAeHMlo 30AOTOF0 CBeTa. K o r ~ an R T b X M 3 H e H H b l X AblXa-
H M (~B cepnye, c e ~ e 3 e ~ A~ e er K, n x , n e Y e H n M n o ~ ~ a xcxo-
)
AIlTCII B I'OAOBe, TOFAa nOIlBAXeTCII 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 Cf Bi e T M O H COeAM-
HIIeTCIl C 6 e ~ b CBeTOM
1 ~ X<M3HeHHOCTM, K @ ~ ~ p b l f iB 0 3 H H K X T
n O C A e C.MeIUMBaHMH MeX<Ay co6ofi ~ o c n p o u 3 ~ 0 ~ 1 1 y eCMAbI,
k
XM3HeHHOCTM M AyXa. TO COeAMHeHMe MCTMHHbIX nOAOX<M-
TeAbHOFO M OTPMLjaTeAbHOI'O Ha'4 W, M3 KOTOPOI'O MCXOAMT
6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ sb a1p ko ~ bru,
r r ~ o 6 b 1O+OPMHT~CR.

n 5 l ~ bA p a K O H O B , I l O A A e p > K M B W y M X OAHOFO CBRTOI'O ( y AYH

6 3 ~ M
b J H ~ ) :~ I I T
3 T ~0 YMCA0 3 A e M e H T a ~ ~ M A MI I p, e A C T a B -
A R W Y e e n p a B M A b H y W MbICAb. A ~ ~ K CMMBOAM3MpyeT
OH AyX,
TO e C T b I l p a K T M K Y W Y e F O , K O T O P ~ I FOTOB
~ IlOXCePTBOBaTb
CBOHM T e A O M B CBOeM CTpeMAeHMM K 6 e c c ~ e p ~I ~ me M
lyT
n O A A e p X a s l M 5 I C B R T O ~IJeAM, T O e C T b C l p e h M C b K n O F A 0 y e -
HUH) ~ O A H M M ; U O L I J ~ ~ C"I IX ~ M ~ Y X M H ~HAM
~ " MaKPOKOCMM-
'leCKOI'0 WXMMMYeCKOI'O 3 A e M e H T a AM BbIlTOAHeHMR KOHeY-
~ o r on p O p b I B a .
 UJeCTBOBaHMX n p M p O A b l M X M 3 H M , K O T O P b l e H e OCTalOTCII l l e -
pa3AyYHblMM, a AeAHTCH H a A B a M pa3AeAHloTCR.

~ O A O X M T ~ A ~ Ht4
W 0TPMIJ;LTCAbHaH
I X>I<M3l4eHHOCTb( I N YU. U N b
~ 2 4 ) : ~ o A o > K M T ~ A >KM3HeHilc>CTb
~ ~ ~ ~ J ~ :+TO MY>KCKaJ1 ( A H )
X M ~ H ~~ H
I O C T ~K, O T O P ~ H BOCXOAMT nnepx, a O T P M Y ~ T ~ A ~ H ; W
>KM3HetlHOCTb - XeHCKaJ1 ( M M D ) X M 3 l l e l l l l O C T b , KO'I'OP;UI
O n y C K X T C H BHM3. M X CMMBCJAM3MPylOT TMrp M ApaKOll CM.
A p u ~ o nu Tuzp.

nycT0.i.a: ~ ~ C T O K
T O~T O
, p a r l OTHOCMTeAbtIa M IlyCTOTlIa, l i e CMR-
e T , R T O BPehrLR K a K n y C T O T a ~ ~ C O A ~ O T HMMH e IlyCTOTlIaJ1 RB-
AReTCR AyXOBtIblM CBeTOM, ~ 0 ~ 0 p b l 3f Hi a M e f I y e T AyX M >KM3-
H ~ H H O C T ~n ,o R B A H m y M e c n ~3 c p e A H e r o a u n b nur7i.s n conlic8~-
H O M CnACTeHMM.

n X ~ TMIIOB
b OVefi: H e G e c i i b ~ eOt4M, K O T O p b l e BMAHT BCe B e 4 M H a
33 ~e6ecax.: k ~ ~ b O
l seM , KOTODbIe BMART 18 %On. A~xoB-
H b l e OVM MAM OqM XM3HeHHOCTM, KOTODble BMAHT ll[X>UleA-
WMe M 6 y ~ yyu e CO~~ITMR. ' J ~ A o B ~ ~ ~ c KO'IM,
u~ K O T O p b l e BM-
MT C A y t M n u l e e c n ~o p o n e ~ ~Mf ci ~ e p e f iO. w t n p ~ q > a ~ a
K O T O p b l e BMAHT CKBO3b rOpb1, 3 e M A l o M MeTaAA.

n o 6 y r n ~ a ~MbICAb
b IlpOpBaTbCX B B e n ~ ~ y r~ oY C T O V : O T ~ p b l T h
He6ec~blf3
i a T B O p H a M a K y U l K e rOAOBb1, q ~ 0 6 b 1I I p p B a T b C X 1%
BCAMKYWIly~1'0Ty, M H W C III)aKTMKylOUJeMY H e YAXTCX Bblfi-
TM 113 ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T H O3 Ia p' O A b l U l a

H e r b (AY): ~ O A O C T ~B , K O T O P O ~ B
~ H ~ T ~ ~ HOH H b ~ ( ~~ 3 X
r OM 5O)
I ) a 3 X M r X T C R Y n p a B A X e M b I M AblXZlHMeM, V T O ~ ~BBeCTM
I BOC-
n p o M 3 B O A X 4 y I O CMAy ( ~ 2 . 4 B
~ M
) H K P O K O C M M ' ~ ~ C K MK~ p~ y r M
n p e o 6 p a m ~ a ~et?
b B >I<M3HeHHOCTb (tf~). n e q b OCTZTCX B
noAocTM a a n b nLxm B T e q e H M e B c e r o a n x ~ M M q e c K o r onpo-
gecca
flu: CM. XO u nu.

~ O A O X H T ~ A ~MH O~ TI P~M~ L J ~ T ~ A ~ OrHM

H~I~~ (% XO, u ~ XO
b ): BO
B p e M ABMmeHMH IIO MMKpoKOCMMYeCKOMY K p y V O r O H b , KO-
T 0 p b 1 f i IIOAHMMXTCX K M 0 3 V n0 K Z l H a y YIlpaBAeHMR ( d y
NO), nOA0XMTeAeH (IIH X O ) , a O r O H b , O ~ ~ C K ; I ~ O Y M ~ ~n Co I I
KaHZlAy 3 a V a T b X ( X 3 ~ b
M O ) OTpMIJaTeAeH ( U H ~@Y).
 h,
~ XBaTbIBWl+Jee OTyMyaTeAbHOe Mltb M Ha-
~ O A O > K U T ~ A ~ H OO
060110~:n 0 3 a MeAMTaLJMM, KOrAa A e B m H O r a A e X M T C H a P y -
X U I ' I ~ > ~ B oBnAOTHyK3
& K H e & , HX3bIBaeTCH " ~ O A O ~ M T ~ A ~
VXBaTbIBatVLLJee O T ~ U I J ~ T ~ A ~ HaO X
~ e" C, T , KOrAa 6 0 ~ b r ~ 0 6
llwey A C B O ~pyKM K X a e T C I I C P A H e r O n;lrzbI.Ja, a IlpaBaR PyKa
flOMelJetl" nVA t1C& ( A ~ V t 1 1 ~ 1 <B? B ~ ~ xC )~ O A ~ U I H nMa A b y e M ,
COIWyTbIM Hap, AeL40i A ~ O I I b t V , 11X3bIBak?TCII " 0 ~ p M I . J a ~ e l r b -
IlbIM, OX13aTbIBaK)I~MM ~ O A O X U T ~ A ~ ~ ~TO
O ~ "t i.Y X t I O

S ~ e p r e ~ u l r e c ~yueiHi T p , nor\ocTb, a r e i i ~ a ,M ~ C T O I I ~ ~ ~ ~ I B
o 6 u ~ e M
~ b AP.: ~ T M
TeXHMYeCKMe T e P M M H b l MCllOAb3YlOTCII B
AaOCCKWX TeKCTaX W AOArOM llepeBOAY M K a IlBAlleTCX C o x p a -
HeHMe M npaBMAbHOe yno~pe6~e~ u eK o r ~ Xa M 3 H e H H O C T b
UX.
pa3BMBak?TCII M 3 a n O A H l l e T K Z X A y l O YaCTMLJy T e A a , IIpaKTM-
~ylOI.tJMii YyBCTBYeT, YTO K a K 6 b l 6 e c ~ u c ~ e ~ T~O H
b elHeb K M e
p b 1 6 n~ A~a B W T B ero T e A e M KOHeYHOCTIIX, C'lpeMXCb B O ~ ~ T M
B MbIUIlJbI, H e p B b I , KOCTW M K O C T H ~ IM03l',
~~ 3aIlOAHXX BCe no-
AOCTM, nOPb1, O T B e p T M I I , sy6a1, B n U M H b I , A O X ~ U H ~ I BHYT-
,
PeHHOCTM M T. A,, K O T O P b l e T O r A a I I P H H M M W T pa3AMYHble
+OPM~I M pa3Mepb1, 1 1 0 ~ 0 6TOMY,
~ 0 no OIIMCaHUlO qXyati-
LJ3b1, KaK " B ~ T ~ P 3&~iUjA5?e~
" nOIIBAHTbCH B OTpOMHblX Aepe-
BbXX A y f l A a U OTBePCTMII, n o ~ o 6 ~ b 1HOCaM,
e p T a M M yJ$IaM,
K ~ B ~ U M H ~YM
~ L, I I K ~ Mx,e p A a M M T. A. TOA~KO
T e , KTO AOCTM~
ycnexa B n p e o 6 p a 3 o ~ a~~o~c ~n p o ~ 3 ~ o ~C yM Ae ~iIi( ~ J ~ U I C )
B XM3HeHHOCTb ( Z ~ U ) , MMelOT 3TOT ~ e 0 6 b 1 ~ ~ b O
l in ib I T M no-
HMMWT, YTO u M e A B B M A ~Y X Y ~ H - L J ~ L I ,a T a K m e n o q e M y
ApeBHMe y n o ~ p e 6 ~p a~3 Hub I e T e p M M H b I &tH OnWCaHMX KPK
6 a 1 OAHOrO M T o r 0 Xe B CBOMX TeKCTaX.
Ma1 A O ~ ~ B M A M
3 T 0 3 a ~ e ~ a IIOTOMy,
~ u e YTO H a C Y X T O
CnpWUB%M n O Y e M y Mbl H e 0 I ' p ~ M Y M B a e M C . X OAHUM TeXHM-
 'IeCKMM T e P M M H O M , H a n P M M e Y , " ~ J ~ H T P "MAM, eCAM MCnOAb-
3 0 B a T b M H A M ~ ~ C KCAOBO,
O~ W K P .

n p M p n a MCTMHH;UI: BPoXA~HH;UI XM3HeHHOCTb B ee RlrefiKe

(yu 6ao) B BepxyruKe npoAonrooaToro ~o3ra.

C n b r r u ~ ~~m~ 6 p a By T~ ~xI A ~ H~ O~ ~C~ T~OAOBLI:

H OH^ o 6 ~ a p y -
X C M B Z T CHAY O M R B B O C ~ ~ P O H ~ B O A R U J CMAe,
~ ? . ~ ~ XM3HeHHOCTM
M AyXe. 01
la OTAM'iHa O T A01KHOrO T M n a O r H R , K O T O P ~ ICO-
~~
0
3 . 4 r~y A~e 1 w e B yruax.
CB~PTSIB~HM
T e~A a B n R T b ApaKOHOB: M ~ T O AC, O C T O H ~ MM3
~~
" Y K A ~ ~ I B ~ H M I I ~" O A O B ~q eI A o B e K a , TO e c T b n o M e y e H u e ee B
y ~ o 6 ~ ~o Oe A O X ~ H U ~C)B,e p T b l B a H M e T e A a n o ~ o 6 ~ C Boe p H y B -
UleMyC5-l C n R u J e M y A p a K O H y CLAM c06a~e, C ~ C L ~ W M IOI A H O ~py-
KM, ~~y>l<alJJefi I I o A ~ I I I K o ~M~ BbITRrCLBaHMe ~ p y r o kT a K , q T 0 -
6 a 1 I I O A O X M T b KMCTb H a XMBOT, B b I I I P R M A e H H e O A H O ~HOrM M
C T M ~ ~ H M I~
I p y r 0 kK o r ~ cae p A r J e n o r p y x a e T c R B COH, 3 p a q K M
o6onx ma3 AOA>r<Hbl 6 b 1 ~ bC ~ A M X ~ H A~ pI y r C A p y r O M
O A H O H a I l p a B A e H H O r O COCpeAOTO'leHl45l H a B ~ A U K O~ Y~ C~ T O T ~ ,
q ~ o 6 b nr p M y c A o e n M no~~efiurefi
THIIIMHM X M ~ H ~ H HHOa q~a -
A 0 C I I O H T a H H O B e p H y A O C b 6 a 1 K C B O e M y MCTOqHMKY nyn-
(n0~
KOM), AbIXaHHe AOAXHO I l p A O A X a T b C R HOpMaAbHO M n p M
3 T O M C a M O ~ I ~ A M P O B a T b C RTOl'Aa
, X M 3 H e H H O e AbIXaHMe n 0 A -
H O C T b I o YnOpIIAOqMBaeTCII. BTOTcnoc06 C H a M3rOHXeT BCe
 CAOBAPb 293

C A M R HBW ~p e H H e e
HyT ( M 3 c t f R 0 2 0 ~ ) :~ O BH-HHMM
A CAMIIHM-
e M IIOAOX<MTeAbHOrO M OTPMLJaTeAbHOrO H a V a ( I n - H u b ) no-
HMMXTCR C03AZlHMe MMKpOKOCMM'teCKOrO B H y T H H e r O a-
XMMM'tCCKOrO 3 A e M e H T a n y T e M B p a Y e H M R r A a 3 CAeBa H a n p a -
BO BO COeAMHeHMM C IIpOXOXCAeHHeM BHYTPeHHerO OrHR 'te-
p e 3 C Y ~ A M M ~ L J M O HO
Ha~3Ib~1 B OCHOBHbIX TO'IKaX D M J Ha
MMKpKOCMM'teCKOM K p y r e C Y e A b l o n p e o 6 p a 3 o ~ a ~X~Mx3 -
HeHHOCTM B AYX, nOAHOe Pa3BMTMe KOTOPOrO IIPMBOAMT K CO-
3AZlHMlo R p K O r O CBeTa, H X i b I B X M O r O TaMHCTBeHH bIM 3aTBO-
POM ( C H W H ~ z y a n b ) , n o n n A a l o y e r o c x B ~ c x o ~ ~n oon io ci T M
AyXa 3 a ~ e x 6 p o n b e ~ .

a , (cam WR): Teno, cepnye M M ~ I C A ~ .

C e ~ e f i c ~ nTPM
C e p ~ r ~ 0e : 6 ~ ~ OrHR b OprZlH C ~ Y H O C T H O ~
e ~ M npMpO+$bI (CUH~
23Mb).

C e p ~ y eM HM3 XMBOTa: C e p ~ y e- 3T0 BMeCTMAMUJe OrHX

(CT~XTM), a HM3 X<MBOTa - 3 T 0 B M e C T H A M y e BOAbl ( C ~ K C Y -
;U\bHOrO Y ~ O B O A ~ C T B C I R ) .O~OH ~.
CBepXy H a 0 OnYCTMTb B BO-
Ay, M BOAa BHM3Y AOlUKHa 6 b 1 ~ bC O r p e T a O ~ H ~ M , Y T O ~ ~ I
CTaTb
IIOTOKOM M IIOAHRTbCR AAX TOrO, ' I ~ 0 6 b 1 B p e 3 y A b T a T e 6 6 1 ~ 0
AOCTHrHYTO ~ C T O ~ ~ ' L MPaBHOBeCMe
BO~ H I'apMOtIMX M e X A y O r -
HeM M B O A O ~ . H MX ~
MBOTa M CepALJe CMMBOAM3MpyloTCR CO-
OTBeTCTBeHHO APaKOHOM (XCHCK;LII HAM 0TPMLJaTeAbH;LII
XM~H~HHO VU)
( hC bT ~ ) M TMrPOM (MYXCK~JI MAM n O A 0 -
X M T e A b H m X < M ~ H ~ H H O C T(~I )n 2524).

C B M H ~AYa:o c c ~ w i iTePMMH, K O T O P ~ I0~3~H a 4 a e T XM3HeHHOCTb

MAM XMSHelIIlOC Ha'f3AO (yu).
C B ~ T6 e, n b 1 k M ~OAOTO~ (xy31i zyan u u u b 2-yan): K o r ~ anoc-
nPOMSBOAX4;LII CMAa (Zj31.4~) OYMCTMTCX M IlOAHOCTbK, p Z 3 0 -
BheTCR, O H a nOAHMMeTCX K M03Py, Y T O ~ ~COeAMHMTbCX
I C
c y y ~ o c ~ t r o ini p ~ p o ~ o f0i ,6 y c ~ a o n ~ ~ an ro rn n n e H M e 6enoro
CBeTa XM3HeHHOCTM (YU) , n o ~ o 6 ~ o AYHHOMY
ro CBeTJl; KOrAa
XM3HeHHOCTb n O A H a M OIIYCKXTCR K HMXHCMY a a ~ VLXltto,
b
'1~0661 COeAMHMTbCR C ~ e ' I H 0 f iXM3HbK3, TOI'Aa IlORBAReTCR
~ O A O T OCBeT
~ 6 e c c ~ e p ~ o r3aPOAbIIlla.
o C O ~ A M H 3TMX
~HM~
C e p ~ g eo 6 e 3 b x ~ b 1M 6eryqwii KOHb M H T e M e K T a : K o r ~ a'IeAOBeK
BAbPXZT M BbIAbIXZT, er0 KOHIJeHTPaIJMIl 3 a C T a D M e T BOC-
I I p M 3 B O & H U J Y I o CMAy (Zj3~)t)HOAHMMaTbCX M OnYCKaTbCIl no
MMKpoKOCMHVeCKOMY Kpyl'y, T X U M O ~ P M
~e A M
AeHHO B p a -
IlJm Ko~eco~ ~ K OC
HAZ~ A C'IUTaTb
~I~T O T eAWMIJb1 A0 AeCIl-
TM M 3 a T e M O T AeCXTM A0 C T a ( ~ b ~ x a n ~ i i' I) T, O ~ ~nIp M 3 T O M
Y M CAeAOBaA 3a C'IeTOM, 3 T 0 H e n 0 3 B O A U T e M y 6~yx,t,a~b, yM
M C'IeT n o i i ~ yB YHMCOH.
~ >TO " 3 a I I M p W H e C e p A I J a o 6 e 3 b ~ ~ b 1
M ~ P M B X 3 b I B W M eC K a ' I y y e r O KOHIl Y M ~ " .

C M ~ ~ T3 a THB O~p (I U~~ HC b t ZjJ20) : T o s ~ 0CHOB;HMII

a IIeHMCa, '4e-
pe3 KOTOPYIO IIPOXOAMT C e M , Y C T P e M X C b H a p y X y .
C y y ~ o c ~ ~nap Mr pr o A a : MCTMHH~HnpupoAa U e A o B e K a , K O T O ~ ~ H
6ecc~epM ~ ~peaAM3aLJMII
a K O T O RBAXeTCX
~ ~ ~ IJeAbIO A W C -
CKOG ~ A X M M H ~ ~ ~ .
C O ~ A M HCOAHLJa
~ H MM ~ AyHbI: 3paYKM O ~ O M XTAa3 CBeAeHbl A p y r K
Apyry, CKOrJleHbI +$AA 0AHOHaIlpa.LiAeHHOrO C4XpeAOTOYeHWl
TaK, YTO CepALJe ( o ~ o HM
~ HM3
) XMBOTa BOA^) WeAMHXIOT-
CX +$AA CO3AaHMX B P O X A ~ H H O ~XM3HeHHOCTM
~ ( C R I C ~m R N b
w).
Cqntb $376: " h e r ~ ~Bi ~i T ~ ~ OM
KAM
" B e H T W L J W l I l y T e M BAOXOB M
BbIAOXOB.

C A ~ poca K (~m n b dy): Ync~arrc A m e a . CM. A M ~ ~ o ~ u R .

C b l 2 3 Rn: CM. t l e m b z p e klnb-RH.

C%OABUX~H U ~ 3 a K o H a : C I I O H T ~ H H O6~e c c ~ e p ~ AbI-

Ko~eca ~oe
XZHMe, BbI3bIBXMOe nOAWMOM n p M 0 6 p e T e H ~ 0 r 0 XM3HeHHO-
r0 AbIXaHMR OT nXTOK AAX ~ ~ b H e f i I l l e rBOCXOXAeHMR
0 no
many y n p a n a e H c l a K ~ 0 3 r yM n o c A e A y r o y e e o n y c K m w e no
~ a r a n y3 a q a ~ b x OT ~ 0 3 r ano n e p e ~ ~ eckT o p o H e Tena K
CMePTHOMY JZlTBOPY, KOTOPOC, CCAM IIpOAOAXXTCX HeKOTO-
p O e BpeMII, npMBOAMT K B M ~ P ~ L J M M
B ~ ~ X A ~ H MHC O
T M~H~H O ~ ~
XM3HeHHOCTM B H M X H e M aUlcb ??LRHe nOA nYnKOM, nOA ~efi-
CTBHeM K O T O P O ~ 3 T a nOCAeAHstX T a K m e H a q H e T IIOAHMMaTb-
cx no ~ a ~ a ynpameewx
n y M onycKaTxx no ~ a ~ a 3na .yr a ~ b x .
~ T IIOA'beMbI
H M CnYCKM n p M 0 6 p e ~ e H H 0 r 0 A b I X w M R , COnpO-
B O X A X M b l e nOA'beMaMM M CnyCKaMM B ~ ~ X A ~ H MCTMH-
H O ~ ~
HOG XM3HeHHOCTM ( C R H ~WRHb XX3H YU) IIPMBOAXT K CnOH-
TaHHOMY ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T H AbIXmMK),
O M Y Ha3blBXMOMY CaMOBpa-
yeHHeM Ko~eca3 a ~ o ~ CM.
a . Gecc~epmnoea b z x u n u e .
CRO~ ) (MAW
3 CRO ~ 3 ) CM.
: M u K ~ o K o c M u ' ~ ~ c 6neunuii
~CU~~ udxu-
~ u u e c l c u i 3de~enm.
i

C R Hm~ n b u xoy m n b : CM. B p o x a e n ~ b z i u

i npuo6pemennbzii.

C R Hm~ n b m n q n : CM. klcmunnoe 6poxaennoe cemz.

CUMxuii: CM.Mope cyqnocmnoii n p u p o a b z .
Curt 23Hb: Oprw C Y ~ H O C T H OnpMpOAb1.
~~ CM. Cepaye.
CmHb luuy: MCTMHH~ABOCnPOM3BOAIILZJaR CMA& CM. Tauncm-
6ennuz xe.wyxunu.
~ ~ l a n b T ~ M H C T B ~ H H yaaes~a,
UH: ~R n o A o c T b noswn He6ec~oro
BOAOeMa B ~ e 6 e I,r e p e 3 KOTOPYIo X M 3 H e H H O C T b IIePeXOAMT
no K a H a r \ y 3 a q a T b X (ay MO) H a MMKPOKOCMM'leCKOe KPYl'O-
BOe ABMXeHHe.

: AOCAOBHO
T e ~ oCyuJHOCTHOe ( @ a ~13Hb) Ay-
"T~AO ~ Z O H ~".
XOBHOe TeAO ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T H O ~ ' O . T ~ P M M3H
aWCTBOBaH M3 6y~-
AM 3 M a (~X4ZpMUKUR).
T ~ o p q e c MeXaHM3M:
~ ~ a ~ P M H I J M I ~KOTOPOMY
, C A e A y e T IIpOLJeCC
TBOplreCTBa, npeo6pa3ymy~iiCMePTHOCTb B 6 e c c ~ e p ~T~O e ,
e C T b K O r A a BOCnpOU3BO@UJaA C W a , X M 3 H e H H O C T b M AYX CO-
eAMI45IIOTCII BOeAMHO, YTO 3 H a M e H y e T C I I n O R B A e H M e M K p y r a
CBeTa nepeA IIpZTMKyIoyMM.

T p M IIpOIIBAeHMX IIOAOXMTeAbHOrO Ol'HH (RH X O ) : K o r ~ a3 0 A 0 -

TOG CBeT nORBAAeTCIl B n e p B b I e , n p Z ~ M K y I o y M f A
i OloKeH no-
AYqMTb l r e T b I p e ~ e o 6 x o ~ ~ B~e Yb Mr e w IIpOAOloKeHMII Tpe-
HMPOBKM, a MMeHHO: Y T B a p b , AeHbl'M, n O M O Y H M K a M nO&XO-
Axgee MeCTO &AX MeAMTaLJMM, Y T O ~ COXpilHHTb
~ I CBIl3b Me>K-
Ay CBeTOM CYJIJHOCTHO~~ n P M P O A b I M CBeTOM B ~ Y H O
XM~ 3~H M .
CO B P e M e H e M 3 0 h 0 ~ 0 f i CBeT IIOXBMTCII C H O B a M 6 y ~ reO p~a 3 -
A 0 I I p Y e . T o r ~ aOH A O A X e H OCTaHOBMTb Ol'OHb, q ~ 0 6 b 1 CO-
6 p a ~ bM ~ K P O K O C M U Y ~ C K M ~ ~~ ~ e M~ e~H T . O C T ~ -
\ x M M M ' ~ ~ c 3KAM
HOBMTb O r O H b - 3 T O 3HaYMT I I e p e C T a T b Y n p a B A X T b CBOMM
AbIXaHMeM M I l P e K p a T M T b IJMpKyAXIJMIo X M 3 H e H H O T O B03AY-
Xa, BMeCTO KOTOpOrO CepArJe, AyX M MbICAb, BCe BMeCTe,
AOAXHbI IlOAHXTbCII no KaHar\Y YnPaBAeHMII M OIIYCTMTbCII IlO
K a H a r \ y 3acIaTbII. Koraa 3TOT ~ O A O T OCBeT
~ lTOKi3XeTCII B Tpe-
~ n f pa3,
i I ~ P ~ K T u K ) ' I ~ I L J HA~O
~AXeH 6e3 n p o M e & A e H M I I , Cpa.3)'
Xe, 3aXBaTMTb M ~ K P O K O C M M Y ~ C KU
HX~ MMM~~CKM
3 A~e M e H T ,
q ~ 0 6 b 1n p e o 6 p a 3 o ~ a ~
X<M3HeHHOCTb
b B AYX M TaKMM 06pa30~
n e p e k ~M3~ 3 e M H O r 0 B ~ O I K ~ C T B ~ I I HWCTOIIHMe.
O~ Y~TB~P-
T o e IIOXBAeHMe 30AOTOrO C B e T a yKa>l<eT H a H e y A a Y y IIpaKTM-
KYIOUJerO B OCTaHOBKe O r H I i M3-3a H e n p a B M A b H O r O n p M M e H e -
 CAOBAPb 29 7

Tpok~oii~ e n p e p b r ~ ~ nborAk% e M ( c a n b y 3 f f n b @a):B O C ~ ~ M ~ B O

WIlJm CMAa, X M 3 H e H H O C T b M AYX, C O e A M H e H H b I e B X p K M G
A Y H H ~ CBeT,
I ~ IlOAHMMaIOTCX O T H W H e l ' O K C p e A H e M y , a 33-
T e M K B e p X H e M y a a ~ mXlcl0,
b npeXAe qeM II~~KTMK~IOIIJM
H a q M H a e T BMAeTb I I e p e A co6oii "na&4IOrr~Mfi C H e r M T%IIJ)IIO-
yCie gne~ar".

Tclrp: CM.Apamn u Tuzp.

T ~ cMo K p o n M y a (cam 6ao): MAM TPM nepsoHaqar\a (cam

KXZFLb): BOCIlPOM3BOAXUJa CMAa, X M 3 H e H H O C T b M AyX (ZJ~UH,
qu, U L ~ W ~ ) CM.
. Tpu i3pazoyennazx 3 n e ~ e n 7 n au T p
T a m e
ocno6nbzx 3~e~entna.

Tylc Yxyn-ntyn mu: CM. l 7 x m ~ n ~ zui im e ~ e c n ~ z~i ia m n b z .

@ ~ e f i6123
~ aV T B ~ ~ C T (M
~ ~r p~ a r o q mB O ~ P ~ T H O M
no p n ~ ~ eMe-
):
XaHM3M AbIX;ISIMX (XO) 3 a K p b I B X T C X T a K , 4 T O B H ~ U ~ H003-
M ~ ~
AYX IIPM BAOXe A O C T M r X T I I M 3 a >KMBOTP, Y T O ~ ISPOTOAKHYTb
~ I
XM3HeI-IHyIO CMAY BBepX IIO K a H M y Y n p a B A e H M X K M 0 3 r y M
OTKpblBaeTCH ( Y L U ) T a K , '1~0661 YAaAHTb 3 T O T BO3AyX M3 H W K -
~ e f 4ZlCTM
i >I<MBOTa, BCAenCTBMe 4 e r O >KM3HCHHW CMAP, T e -
nepb o c n o 6 0 ~ ~O eT ~AaBAeHMX,
~a BO3BparrJai?TCX OT M O 3 r a
K HM3Y XMBOT;L
XO M tZU: TO 3 a K P b I B W M e M e X W M 3 M a AbIXaI-IMX H a BAOXe, T a K
YTO B03AYX nPOXOAMT BHM3, I I P O M 3 B O M A a B A e H H e B ~ M l K H e f i
qaCTM XMBOTP, 'IT0 3aCTaBhlIeT BOCllPOM3BO&Hl&JyIO CMAY
(2432474) nOAHUMaTbCIl n o K w a y YIIpaBAeHMSI K M 0 3 V , a tZU
- 3 T 0 O T K P b I B W M e M e X a H M 3 M a AbIXWWH H a BbIAOXe, T a K
' I T 0 BO3AyX BbIXOAHT M3 T e A a , O C A ~ ~ M AaDAeHMe
X B ~ M m e k
Y ~ T M XMBOTa, YTO 3 a C T a B h l I e T B O C I I P O M 3 B Q & H y y ~ CMAY
( 2 4 3 2 4 ~ )OnYCKaTbCX BHM3 no K W U y 3aYaTbX QT M 0 3 r a K HM3y
XMBOTa.

Xyan mun: X e ~ ~ aY~e pfTio r MAM c p e ~ ~ uaanb

k mnb B CoAHeY-
HOM CnAeTeHMM.
4 3 zyn:
~ C~
O A H ~ YcH e T~e H u e . CM. T
n AO a m e Xeamazii lrepmoz
(xyan mun).

Y ~ u aHr ~~~ ~bO: A O T OJAMKCMP

~ ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T CM. . o A o ? ?3AUK-
M I I~ ~o~
cup.

Y e T b I p e ~ p e 6 0 ~ w w 1 KOTOPbIe
, AOlUKHbI BbInOAHIITbCR n p M n p a K -
TUKOBaIiMH ZUXMMHM ( H a rope): f l p ~ c n o c o 6 ~ eA~e ~ H bem, ,
I I O M O 4 H M K M M IIOAXOARrrJee +jN!M e A M T a y H H MeCTO. Heo6-
xoc\nMbIe n p u c n o c o 6 ~ e q~ y~ r~ ~: a A
~ k~ ~ ~ B R nHp He W~e TI ,~
n o ~ p b 1 T b r kT K W b l O , Y T O ~ CMAR
~ I H a HeM 3anMpaTb V C M
M a T e p q a T a J l 3aTbIY K a , Y T O ~ 3~a T
I b I K a T b HO3ApM. A ~ H ~ YTO-
M,
6a1 noKynaTb n u y y AM npaKTuKymyero M ero noMoyHu-
KOE B T e Y e H M e rrpt?HMpOBKM. ~ O M O ~ H M K ~RM
BMMI O T C R Apy-
3bR, a T a m e npar<TMKyIOyMe ZUXMMMIO M O K Z b I B W u J U e
e M y C O A ~ ~ C T B UKOTOpbIe
~, B CA'fYae H ~ O ~ X O A M M O C T U
MZCM-
P y l O T IIpaKTM KylOrrJeMy n 0 3 B 0 H O Y HHK. M~CTOM
RBhReTCA TM-
XaJl X M X M H a t4AM MOHaCTbIPb, P Z I l O A O X e H H b I e H e A U e K O O T
ropoAa.

Yep~or( n o ~ o k ,A B O ~ ) X ~ A T ~ I mun):
(Xyan ~ C p e ~ ~ uaanb
k
V 2 X H b B COAHeYHOM CnAeTeHMM.
Ymao EM: Aaocc~ukH ~ ~ T ~ B H M~ OKA, M B I I I M ~ C RB 1860 r. OH H a -
n M C M T X T a T C M H M M H + a L J 3 I o 3 M M H Y X M MAH
" T a k ~ b l COBepUleHCTBOBaHMSl C ~ ~ ~ J H O C T IlpMpOAbI
HO~ M BeY-
HOG X M ~ H ~M
3 A~
a r~
a e,M b l f iB 3 ~ 0 GKHMTe.

YX3h!b t j U C703: ~ O A O C TH ~C T M H H O ~XMBHeHHOCTM MAM H M X H M ~

sane m 1,3 ~miih.ia(OKOAO 5 CM)
n b H a Huxe nynKa

b ~ CU: bMCTUHHO~AbIXaHMe.

?hy:
Bec, p m ~ b l k YaCTM t?UZ3M ( K M T ~ ~ C K TMW~A b p a B e H
37,s r).

[imyn XO: I ' A ~ B H ~ IORr O H b MAM O r O H b CepALJa, K O T O P ~ I~~ 0 3 6 ~

A X T C R ILOA A ~ ~ ~ C T B 3AbIX,
U ~ M CKBepHbIX M b l C A e k M KOTOPOI'O
I I p a K T M K y I o I y M e AOAXUibI ~ 3 6 e r a ~ b .

'lyn MO: CM. B o c e u b s~epzemuvecnux~ a n a i w 6 .

Y H C T K ~M OMOBeHMe (MY d ) :Y H C T K ~' n p M IIOAOXMTeAbHOM
(RHCKOM) ITOA'beMe M OMOBeHMe IIpM O'IpMIJaTeAbHOM (MHb-
CKOM) OnYCKaHMM BO Bp€?MIl ABMXeHMR no MMKPOKOCMH'leC-
yXe
KOMY K p y r y , IIOCKOAbKY IlOAOXMTeAbHOe + ~ K T M Y ~ C K M
~ M C T OM ~ p e 6 y encero
~ A M U I ~~ e ~ o ~ o pIIOAYMCTKM,
ofi TorAa
KaK OTpMgaTeAbHOe ( M H ~ )3 a S P H 3 H e H 0 , MCnOPYeHO M ~ye6y-
e T H a C T O R y e I ' O O'IMlJJeHUR, Y ~ 0 6 b l er0 M O X H O ~ L I A Onpeo6-
p a 3 0 B a T b B n O A O X M T e A b H O e (In).

Y ~ YCb Z : H a q u o n o ~ o m w ~ e ~ Ab O~ ~o Ok A ~ A ~ HnOAOBMHb1 H O ~ Cy-

TOK M e X A y 11 Y X a M M B e Y e p a U 1 Y X O M HOYM, K O r A a n e H M C
C a M npMXOAMT BO C H e B COCTOIIHHe 3PeKLJHM, HeCMOTPR H a
OTCyTCTBMe C e K C y M b H b l X M b ~ C A e f iM CHOB. TO I I O A X O ~ ~ M
M O M e H T &U C O ~ U P ~ H M RB O C ~ P O M ~ B O A R U CMAbI
J~~ (2.53~~)
A A S ~C ~ ~ A U M ~ ~ JnM
o TMo M
, y YTO c o 6 u p w ~ eee B T e s e H u e OT-
 p fe ~ b - 1 ~B : p o x ~ e H ~ b ~
Y e ~ b ~ k l ee 6 0M 3emu M n p u 0 6 p e ~ e ~ ~ b 1
CepALJt? U XMBOT H a 3 b I B X T C l Y e T b I p b M B M n b - I n ( C ~ Z2 3 UHb
XH), TO e C T b ' 4 e T b I p e T M n a ~ O A O X M T ~ A ~M HOTPHJJaTeAb-
~ I ~
HbIX Hay%: 3peAOe M n b , 3peAOe Yh!, MOAOAOe Mldb M MOAOAOe
In.

U@ XO Ij3U 24324: B o ~ aM O r O H b B PaBHOBeCMM. K o r ~ aOFOHb no-

rPy)I<CH B W A Y , O H I I e p e C T a e T IIOAHUMaTbCSI B B e p X M 6~aro-
Aap5I 3TOMY CepAIJy O C T X T C l nyCTbIM, a KOl'Aa BOAa H X p e B a -
eTCJl OFHeM, O H a CTWOBMTCX n a p O M M I I e p e C T X T C T e K a T b
BHM3. TO Y C T O ~ ~ M BPaDHOBeCMe
O~ BBOAbI M OF-, KOTOPOe
CO B p e M e H e M CO3AaCT MCTMHHYIo XM3HeHHOCTb. CM. ROZPY-
xenue OZM 6 6oay.

T ~ I ,M ~ T % A( w u H ~ ) AepeBQ
~ A ~ M ~ H nSITb: , (MY),BOAa (u1@),
O r O H b (XO) M 3eW (?ply); COeAMHeHMe n l T M 3 A e M e H T O B CO-
3A*T ~ A M K C M P~ ~ C C M ~ P T M I I .
B A ~ M ~' l pHM T ~
OCHOBHbIX: B O C ~ P O M ~ B O A S ICIH~A~aB( Z ~ ~ U N ) , X M 3 -
HeHHOCTb (YU) M AyX ( u 1 3 ~ b ) . CM. T a M e Tpu ~ p U 2 0 t j t ? ~ ~ b l X
s n e ~ e n m aM Tpu co~po6uya.
 st44 ononc~~~aroynii VB41 TR5 (rm3)
KaHaA
("WCYA
nonca")
l a n o .uaP Y M ~ nepCAHapeAnHHb1 P7 R6 (qm4)
ii K a H a A
(3asart.n)
( " M ~ H o " )
UHD FRO ,uaP st46 n~y~pe~nnii R6 P7 ( 9 ~ 5 )
KaHaA nll7UK
("r0pA0cTb"
UHb

UHD 63U M<I st47 n~y.rpe~nii MC6 sepe3 RP4 ( s ~ 8 )

no~epxnsamynii MCl
KaHaA
( " XpaHnTeAb
UXO")
y y MUG
~ st48 n o ~ ~ n ~ m y n i i c n RP4 MC6 ( s ~ 7 )
KaHaA
("t4ope" 12
K~H~AOB)
* - uy l-uy5 - T O ~ K M" 5 C T M X W ~ ~ (y-uy)
"
 n p e ~ ~ a r BHUM~HMKJ
ae~ q u ~ a ~ e ~p ye ci c iK o r o H ~ A ~ H MKHMrM
X
hy "A~OCCK~R
K y a I i b K)X k0ra" Cl'aTbW BoCTOKOBeAa 8.C. CTJI-
A O B O ~ " A W C C K ~ R n p a K T H K a AOCTWKeHMR ~ ~ C C M ~ P T M X "B, n e -
P B b I e O ~ ~ ~ A M K O B ~ HB H1984
~ K J rOAy M3AaTeAbCTBOM "Hay~a"B
C ~ O P H M K"~K y ~ b ~ y pHaa p O A O B B o c ~ o ~I43
a MCTOPMH ' I p q M g M -
O H H O ~K~M T ~ ~ ~ CMA~OAOPCIH"
K O ~ (CV. 230-270).
B CTaTbe CQXpaHeHO a 5 T O p C K O e H a n M C a H M e T e p M M H O B , M M e H
M Ha3~aHMfi.

( D O P M M P O B ~ H M ~P e A M r M 0 3 H O r O A W C M 3 M a OTHOCMTCX K Ha'ia-
Ay 3nOXM X a H b (206 r. A 0 H. 3. -25 r. H. 3.). ~ O C CA V ~\ U T ~ A ~ H O ~
Bpa>KAbI @MAOCO@CKMX IUKOA AaOCOB, AerMCTOB, K O H ( ) ~ I J ~ ~ ~ H L J ~ B ,
noche nqesm MMnepMu Y H H (249-207
~ rr. AO H. 3.) - on-
A O T a AerMCTOB, A m C b I C O l l e p H M Y U M C K O H @ ~ I . J M ~ H I J ~BMCM
'IpeM-
AeHMM O K a 3 a T b BAMXHMe H a I I P e T e H A e H T O B H a IIpeCTOA HOBO^ AM-
H Z T M M , q ~ 0 6 b 1IIOAY'LMTb B 0 3 M O X H O C T b OCYUJeCTBMTb CBOM no-
AMTMqeCKMe M A e U b I . T ~ KY, X ~ HAXH, ~ O C Y A ~ P C T B ~ HAeXTeAb
H~I~~
MM ~ B ~ C TA
Hm~CI, ~3 a~H X ~ b l f iIIOMCKaMM ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ To K
Ma X
3 a ,B I l l M k
nOAAepX<Ky A I O Fl a H y , HOBO^^
CTaDIUeMy n e p B b I M M M I I e p a T O p O M
AMHZTMM, MMeA o I I P ~ A ~ A ~ H BeC
H ~ In p~ M
~ rm-g3y. n 0 3 ~ eB, I B.
H. 3. npOCAaBHAaCb CeMbX Y>KW ( T P ~ M I J U I I CYMTaeT MX nOTOM-
Amla), K0TOp;UI C b l r p U a 6 0 h b ~ l y I OP O A b B MCTOPMM
KaMM % I < ~ H
A m C M 3 M a . rAaJ3a CeMbM, q > l < a H AWAMH6 b 1 ~M3BeCTHblM AWCOM
M UXMMMKOM. 1/13 CBOMX MHOrOYMCAeHHbIX n o c h e ~ o ~ a ~ e O
hHe k
OPraHM30B;M H a CpaHMLJe HbIHeUIHHX ~ I P O B M H L J M C
~ ~h l ' i y a H b M
U ~ ~ H ~cuoeo6pa3~0e
C M rOCYAapCTB0. ~ P ~ C T M A'dOCM3Ma ~ K TPK
BO3pOC, IITO B 165 r , B n e p B b I e G ~ I A OC O B e P I l l e H O o @ M L J M ' U ~ H O ~
rocyAapcTneHHoe xepToonpMHomeHMe Am-g3a1. T e o K p a ~ M ' i e c -
KOe "~ o c ~ ~ ~ ~ c TAaOCOB
B O " npOCyuJeCTBOB2iAO A 0 1927 r. (C XI B.
O H 0 n e p e 6 a 3 ~ p o ~ a ~ M3
o c bC b ~ q y Ba ~~ ~~X H C H COXPaHXX
) , CBOK)
CTPYKWY, nepe~aoaow~iicx
0 6 p x ~ b 1 , o ~ ~ I ' I ~ Ma, T a K m e no Ha-
CAeACTBy MHCTMTYT He6ec~oroH X T a B H M K a , n a T p M a p x a , l'Amb1
0 6 y M ~ b 1( ? ? ~ . X I C ~ U L U.a)
B IIepMOA A U H X T H M Tali (618-907) AaOCM3M IIpoAOAXaA
3aHMMaTb C W b H Y I O IIO~MYMIO,B e r n OXeCTO'IeHHyIO IlOAeMMKY C
M MYCneIUHO KOHKYPMPYR C KOH@YIJM~HCTBOM. OH
~ ~ A A M ~ M O
nOAb30BaACX IlOKPOBMTeAbCTBOM H M ~ ~ ~ ~ T OCeMbM,
~ C K @O~ M~M -
AMR ~ o ~ o p o6ibi 1 ~ aAM, KaK M y l\a0-~3b1. B 3TOT nepMOA 6 6 1 ~ 0
HaIIMCaHO MHOXeCTBO 3Ha'fMTeAbHbIX TpaKTaTOB, IIOCTPOeHO He-
M a 0 KpynHbIX ~ 0 H X T b I p e k . B H a q a r \ e AMHXTMM C ~ (960-
H
1279) n03MYMM ~ a o c ~ B3c e~ eye
a m b ~ b r .O c o 6 e ~ ~ o
~ ~ I Ac M
Y B e p e H H O AaOCbI 'IyBCTBOBaAH c e 6 ~n p M A B O P BTOpOrO CyHCKOrO
MMIIepaTOpa Y > K ~ H ~ - L J ~ Y H ~ - (998 1022). B 1190 r. B n e p B b I e
6a1a O ~ ~ ~ A M K O~Ba~oHc c ~K~~ Hi Oi H"Aaoy3a~". H o c ~ esanoe~a-
HMII C e B e p a CTPaHbI 'IXYPWK3HIIMFI BO3HMKAO HeMaAO AaDCCKMX
CeKT, ~ O ~ O B I U M X C C
H MH03eMHbIMM 3aXBaTYMKaMI.1. c ~ 0 6 0 ~ 0 ~ ~
G M B ~ HI X~ T p O C H M R T a f i H b l ~AaOCCKHX CeKT BbI3bIBaAM n O A 0 3 P -
H M e M y n O C A e A y l o y M X MHO3eMHblX A U H X T M ~ (MOHI'OAOB,
MaHb'IlKyp), 3aXBaTbIBaEIUMX K M T ~ ~ C KVMH~ . ~ O C A
I I a~e H W l
AMHXTMM C ~ npOM30IUAO
H oc~a6ne~ ~e
1103MyMk AaOCM3Ma XO-
TR eye CAyqaAMCb OTAeAbHbIe B3AeTb1, npMAMBb1 CMMnaTUM CO
CTOPOHb1 HeKOTOPbIX HMnepaTOPOB, AaOCH3M COIUeA OKOH'Ia-
TeAbHO C I ~ O A M T H Y ~ C Ka p
Oe~H b 1 M CTaA "pe~wrwekMHAMBMAyaAb-
HOrO C ~ ~ C ~ H M I I " [27, C. 1551. BO~HMKHYB
B pe3YAbTaTe cHH~e3a
C IUaMaHCTBOM, HapOAHbIMM BePOBaHMIIMH M KYAbTWM, FAMI'M-
03Hb1k AaOCM3M T ~ ~ H c @ o P M M ~ O B ~ A B
CR" T ~ C L C T M Y ~ C K YM
KC) ynep-
H ~ T ~ ~ ~ A M C T M ' I ~ Cp eKa~MI rOn r o , T x x e A o H a r p y m e H ~ y mcyeoepn-
127, C.
e M , C 3AeMeHTaMM W ~ H ~ T ~ AMUCTCI@MK~LJMM"
~ H O ~ 1.541 .
OH 6 b 1 c~oe06pa3~0k
~ pe x y ~ e k" H a O @ M ~ M ~ A ~ H
K ~O IHO@ ~ ~ M -
aHCKyIO MAeOAOrMIO M CaHKLJMOHMPOBaHHbIe KOH@YLJM~HCTBOM
o6pa3 >KM3HM, @OPMY C O L J H ~ A ~ HCOT~P Y K T ~ P ~ I ' ' 14, C. 2711 .
"KOH@~LJM~HCTBO - ~ M A O C O @ M H U n p e y c n e B a m y C ( x * A H ~ OT e x ,

K T 0 H w e R A C R IIpeyCIIeTb. A ~ O C M-
~ M@CII\OW@MH UHeyAaqHM-
KOB* A M ~ OT ~ X ,KTO n o 3 ~ rao ~p e q b uycnexm" [27, c. 164.1.
B XI1 B. n y o ~ 3 o r u epac~on
~ p e ~ ~ r ~ o 3~~aoorcou 3 ~
H aa ~ n e
' ' W K ~ H ' ~ M L J ~ X O " ("IIoAAMHHoI'o ~ A M H C T B ~ " ) .C ~ B ~ ~IUKOAa,
H ~ SB I
CBOIo O ' i e p e A b , COCTOXAa M3 AByX OCHOBHbIX H a n p a B A e H M k Ce-
B e p H o r 0 H a n p a B A e H W " Y H ) ~ H ~ W K ~ H ~ L J ~ X 0CHOB;LHHOrO
O", naT-
PMapXOM BaH YX3, H a 3 b I B e M O l ' O T a m e ylrMTeAeM YYHMH
(XMA o n e p a T o p a X y ~ k y 3 y ~ npanwnme-
no B p e M e H a c y ~ c ~ oHr M a,
r0 B 1101-1125 rr.) M I o X H 0 k M T B M " L J I O ~ H ~ W K ~ H ~ L J ~ XOC-O~',
H O B ~ H H On~a T p u a p x o M AH, X a k s w e ~ y, l r e H u K o M Arok Y y ~ b x -
6
Ha.
~ X H IIIKOAa
= " ~ x ~ H ' ~ M L J ~ X OH
" a3bIBaAaCb e4e "TXH~IUM-
Am" - " n y ~ b ~ e 6 e c ~ o rHoZ T ~ B H H K ~ " .n a ~ p M a p xee Y X a H
U ~ Y H B RBH1276
~ r. HOAylrMA O T l o a H b C K O r 0 M M n e p a T O p a LUM-
I33y 0 $ M I J ~ a A b ~ b l f iTMTyA 'IpMALJaTb IUeCTOrO He6ec~oroH Z T m -
HHKZ
l l o c ~ e ~ o ~ IaO ~ X HeO~~ ~
uIIIKOALI ('"Ix~H~MLJ~xo") BepoBaAu
B C Y A ~ ~ nblTaAMCb
Y, Y3HaTb ee n p M I I O M O Y M P a 3 A M q H b I X al'@
. HMk
M ~ O B A M X TH~ a H e e , ~ O A ~ ~ Y T I ~I ACM~ C M ~ H W M ,a M y A e T a M M ; sa-
KAMHWMXMH, MOAMTBWM. OHMXMAM B MMPY, 0 6 3 a B 0 ~ b i M ~ b
X e H a M M M AeTbMM, ~ O C T C
~ OI ~ A I ~ A ~AMIUb
~ \ U B OnpeAeAeHHbIe
AHM. B T IIIKOAa
~ pa3BMBaAa I l p e M M y 4 e C T B e H H O Ty q a C T b A m C M 3 -
M a , K O T O p m LUAa O T ApeBHMX M a r O B , KOAAYHOB, I I I W a H O B . OH^
H e n p M A a B a a 6 o ~ b m o r o~ H ~ ' I ~ H MC IOI ~ C T B ~ H HnOp M
~ p o A e 'leAO-
BeKa, ee COBepIUeHCTBOBaHMW, a IIOAWaAXb H a BHeIIIHMe C p e A -
CTBO, H a I I O M O y b Mal'OB (@~H~uu).
C ~ B ~ P IUKOAa
H ~ R" L J ~ ~ ~ ~ x ~ H ~ I nJ p~M X
A aOB a"A a OAMHPKO-
B O e 3 H a ' I e H M e COBePUIeHCTBOBaHMIO C O ~ C T B ~ H H nOp M
~ pOAb1 q e -
AOBeKa M y n o l p e 6 ~ e ~p a~3 AmM q H b I X B H e W H M X CpeACTB, I I p e A A a -
raeMaIx M a r m u . I l p ~TOM n p e A n o q T e H u e o ~ ~ a n a ~ conep-
o c b
IUeHCTBOBaHMIO CBO& n p M p O A b 1 , MCnOAb30BaHMIO CBOMX C O ~ C T -
BeHHbIX B H Y l p e H H M X CpeACTB M P e C y p C O B . ~ o C A ~ A O B ~ T ~3A~
M0 6
IUKOAbI - O ~ ~ I ' I HMOHaXM,
O X M B W M e B MOHaCTbIPXX b i M 06u~e-
AXX,- I J ~ AUM ~ ~~ T~, I AB eM
BeAM YeAMHeHHyKI X M J H b , C O ~ A ~ A -
reTapMaHgaMM, H e nmu nuHa, y q e ~ u n
eepeamanocb He no Ha-
CAeACTBY, K a K B I O X H O ~ IUKOAe, a OT yllMTeAI1 JNeHMKY. 3 a K A I O -
qaAOCb O H 0 B HXTaBAeHMIlX no q Z T M MeAMTaLJMH, A ~ I X ~ T ~ A ~ H
M A B M ~ ~ T ~ AI'MMHZTMKM.
~ H O ~
C TeqeHMeM BPeMeHM I p m b M e X A y H,>I<Ho~ M C ~ B ~ P H O ~
LUKOAWM MCIIe3aAa, n p e A C T a B A e H M X M n p a K T M K i 3 O A H O ~IUKOAbI
IIpOHMKahM B n p A C T a A e H M H M IlpaKTHKy A p y r o k . K ) X H ~ HLUKO-
A a BOBCe H e O T B O p a Y M B a h X b OTcnoco6o~CaMOyCOBepLUeHCTBO-
BaHMX, C B O ~ C T B ~ H H ~CI ~X B ~ P H Oa ~C e~B,e p H a H H e ' 4 y p a h a C b T U M C -
M a H O B M ~ ~ K A M H ~ H~ H L U
~ ~ .A ~ H U K H H, T b I e nOMCKaMM 6ec-
3 aM
C M e p T M H , XMAM H H a K ) R . A H a C e B e p e n O C T O R H H 0 H tlOBCeMeCT-
H O B C T P e ' l U M C b ~ a & a T e A M M ITpOPMIJaTeAM, M a S H M B O A U I ~ ~ H M K M .
~ O M C K M6 e c c ~ e p ~-
u ~CBOMMM C O ~ C T B ~ H H ~ I MCMAaMM,
M
n y T e M CaMOKYAbTMBaLJMM, HAM 0 6 p a q m c b K IlOMOUJM M a r O B M
3 m M H ~ M f i , - 3T0 LJeHvrpahbHOe, r A a B H O e I I O A O X e H M e peAMrM-
~ 0a
0 3 ~ 0 ~ o c ~ s~~a xaH,e k L U a Hero C.OCT~BH~.Hq a c ~ b . 6 ~~xaii-
LUiW g e A b AaOCOB 3 a K n I O q U a c b B M ~ ~ ~ D A ~OH
T H eU
AyrOB, np0-
Al\eHMM X M J H H , OMOAOXeHMM.
~ O M C K ~ M 6Me c c ~ e p ~3 auH M
~M U M C b e y e 3wOArO A0 0@0p-
MAeHMH A a O C M 3 M a K a K peAMrMM. K u ~ a i i c A
~Ma T~e p a T y p a ~306~
AyeT pXCKa3aMM 06 OTLUeAbHMKaX, U X M M U K a X , M M n e p a T O p a X ,
3aI-IXTbIX IlOMCKaMH 6 e c c ~ e p ~ u n3AMKCMPa
, XMBHM, O C T p B O B ,
H X e A e H H b I X H ~ ~ O X M T ~ A X M ~MA. M K C M P~ M ~ H M
IlbITaACH OTbIC-
KaTb U H H ~~ u - x ~ ~ H A(221 M -210 r. A 0 H. 3.). X ~ H B C K M y-A~ M~
(140-87 r. A 0 H. 3.) llpMHUM'dA nMhloAM ~ ~ C C M ~ P T MTa.&-y X.
(424-451 ) , u M n e p a T o p A H H ~ C T U MC e ~ e p ~ Bsii,
a u ~AOCTOMACX
' ~ ~ & O A ~ ~ ~ C T B ~THa rH\ MOC~MOW a C ~ a p l o U j MY ~M H ~ M C - X o6pa-
~H
TMACX 3a A e K a P C T B O M ~ ~ C C M ~ ~KTAaOCCKOMy
M H MOHaXy YaH-Yy-
HK) (1222 r.). MCTOPMH yBAeqeHw n p a n ~ e ~ e ~i iA M K C M ~ O M
X M B H M , B3AeTbI M n a & e H W COBeTHMKOB-AaOCQB, Bpa>KAa AmCOB
M ~YAAHCTOB, X a p K M e AMCnyTbl n p M U M n e p a T O p C K M X ,$BOP= -
BCe 3 T 0 U M e A O M e C T O CO B P e M e H M r ~ y 6 0 ~ 0 APeBHOCTM
ii BnAOTb
A 0 HeAaBHerO BpeMeHM [2, C. 133-146; 4, C. 241-243; 5 , C.
145; 6, c. 122-1231. npu ~ a ~ i b w ~ y p A~H~H ~oCiT M i M LJMH
(1644 -1911) AaDCM3M 3 a X M p e A OKOHUaTeAbHO, ~ M l l l e ~ H b l f i
B C X K O ~I I O A A e p X K M A B O p a O A H ~ K
MHOO r M e PHHOBHMKU-KOH@Y-
JJMaHLJbI B ' - I ~ c T H o ~ X
~ M 3 H M nPaKTMKOBaAM " P ~ A H ~ H H )UHAMBMAY-
U ~ H O ~C -" AaOCM3M.
O~ ~ C ~ H W
b e c c M e p T M e B p e A M I U 0 3 H O M AaOCM3Me MbICAHAOCb K a K M a T e -
pMUbHoe G e c c ~ e p ~6~eec,c ~ e p ~ TueeA a , a H e ayruu. Aaocbr no-
A a r U M , VTO AYLUM M AYXU H e M O r y T CyIJJeCTBOBaTb 6 e 3 T ~ A ~ C H O
0 6 0 ~ 0 ' 4 KM. " ECAM AaOCbI B IIOMCKaX AOArOAeTMR IlpeACTaBAXAM
ce6e er0 H e AyXOBHbIM, a M a T e p M U b H b l M ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T3 T
M0 ~H M
e ,
~ ~ I A
B ~OI ~ O ~ JMOeM
X A y Pa3AM'4HbIMM B03MOXHbIMM PeUleHMIIMH,
AAX HMX 3 T 0 ~ ~ I eAMHCTBeHH0
A O BO3MOXHbIM P e U l e H M e M . ~ P ~ K O -
P O M ; L H C K M ~M H P P W O C T M nPOTMBOnOCTaBAIlTb APyr ApyV &yX
M MaTepMlo. B PeAMI.HO3HbIX KOHYenyUIlX BbIpa3UAOCb IlPOTMBO-
IlOCTaBAeHMe ~ A M H A
O Y~X O B H O ~AYWM
~ MaTePMaAbHOMY TeAy. Ku-
~ a k y b Xe
1 HMKOrAa H e pa3AeAIlA1.l AyX U M a T e p U l o . &Il HMX MMP
6 b 1 ~~ e n p e p b 1 ~ ~nOCAt?AOBaTeAbHOCTblo
0 f i OT nYCTOTb1 H a OAHOM
KOHye A0 cah40fi rpy6oii MaTepMM H a ApyrOM, a IlOTOMy AyIlla He
C T M a HeBMAMMbIM M AYXOBHhlM W T H n O A O M BMAMMOI'O M M a T e -
P H M b H O r O TeAa. 6 o ~ e eTOrO, CyUJeCTBOBZMO CAMIUKOM MHOrO
AyUl B ' I e A o B e K e , ' I T o ~ K
~~I K W - H L I ~ Y AM3
~ HMX M O r A a CAyXMTb
nPOTMBOBeC.OM TeAy. ~ ~ I A
ABe
O rpynn bl AyW: TPM BePXHMe AyUlM
( X Y H ~ )M C e M b HUXHMX (?lo).' M eCAM ~ ~ I APaCXOXAeHMII
M no
' I X T H TOrO, 'IT0 C HMMM CAy'IaAOCb B MHOM M M P e , BCe CXO&MAMCb
H a TOM, ' I T 0 OHM Pa3&eAXlOTCII B MOMeHT CMepTM. ~ P >KM3HM,
M
KaK M B MOMeHT CMePTM, 3TM MHOrO'IMCAeHHbIe &YWM ' I X T O H e -
onpeAeAeHtia1 w T~MWHLI. l l o c ~ ec M e p u , KorAa paccexaa 3 ~ a
apMMIl AyXOB, KaK14M 0 6 p a 3 0 ~CMOrYT OHM CHOBa c 0 6 p a ~ b c x BO-
~ A M H O ?T e ~ oXe, H a n p O T M B , IIBAIlAOCb eAMHCTBOM M CAYXMAO
&OMOM 3TMM M APYrMM &yXaM. T ~ K H06pa30~,
M AMUlb YBeKOBe-
q e m e TeAa B ~ o i MAM
i M H O +~ op~e M o x e T 0 6 e c n e ' l w ~ b npoAoA-
x e w e II~MBOA AM'IHOCTM B ~ ~ A o M ' 124, ' c. 171.
f l 0 1 . i ~G~ e~c c ~ e y ~ 3
~ ~x0, f iK O H ~ V H OIJeAM
~ peAMI'M03HOrO
&aDCM3Ma, " T ~ ~ ~ O BOT
~ AW M
A O B e K a HeMZMbIX X e p T B , 3 X T a B N i I I
er0 M O ~ M A M ~ O BClo
B ~ T CBOlo
~ BOAW M B b I A e p X K y , BCe cnow6~oc-
TM M T e P n e H M e . ~ P ~ K T M ' ITOT,
~CK K TM
0 IIOCBIITMA CBOH) IKM3Hb
3TOMy AeAY, A O A X e H 6 a r ~C WHbIX AeT OTKa3aTbCII OT H 0 P M ; M b -
HOG XM3HM C ee rOPeCTIIMM M PWOCTIIMM, OTPeLUMTbCl OT BCeX
C T ~ ~ M A ~ MH cTPXT~L?,
U ~ BO BCeM OrPaHMqMTb ce6x M IJeAey-
C l p e M A e H H O ABMraTbCII TOAbKO K O A H O ~B ~ A U K OIJehM"
~ [4,
c. 2451.
~ O C K O A ~ KCY~ O C O ~ OAOCTMlKeHMX
B 6 e c c ~ e p ~ M MHOrO,
II He-
O ~ X O A M M6 b 1 ~ y ~ p b H
l X
k T ~ H M K , ~ o ~ o p b yl ~ka 3 a . 4 6b1, no Ka-
KOMY nyTM CAeAOBaTb, B KaKOM HanpaDAeHMM n p U A a r a T b YCMAHII.
K p o ~ eTOrO, B T P a K T a T a X M pyKOBO&CTBaX A U h I AMUlb C a M b l e 06-
y M e yKa3aHux. 6e3 p a 3 ' b n c ~ e ~ MyqMTervr,
k 6e3 ero p a c m ~ + p o ~ -
C T M r W M 3 T V r O B p e 3 y A b T a T e Tel>lleAMBOrO M llPOAOAXMTeAbHOI'0
TpyAa. 1/1 npexae B c e r o OliM A O A X l i b l ~ ~ I A
6 bH1 ~ b~ 0 6 p o ~ e ~ e
I4 bIMM M A O C T O ~ H~ I M MBePHbIMM
, M r y M a l 4 H bIMM, nO'4TMTeAbHblMM
M M C K ~ X t I H M M M .I \ ) K M B ~ I ~ H
, ~ A O C T O ~AH3AM
H ~ ~H~a l l p a C H O MCKWM
6a1 6 e c c ~ e p w ~ .
A a o c b ~ BepMAM, 'lTV COBepUleHMe A O ~ P ~ I AeA
X YAAMHReT
XM3Hb, COBePUIeHMe Xe ee, I I ~ M ~ A M > I < Z T
3AbIX AeA Y K O p a q M B a e T
CMepTb. 6 o ~ e eT O r O , x e ~ a m y c r kAOCTMqb n O A O X e H M R 6 e c c ~ e p ~ -
H O r O H a 3 e M A e (& C R I C ~ )AOA>KeH, K a K yK;lltar-lO B "6aony-~~sa1",
COBepLUMTb 300 ~ 0 6 p b r x AeA. X e ~ a m y ~ C Tka T b ~ ~ C C M ~ P T H ~
H a ~ e 6 e ( ~ Z R l c bCRlcb) A O A X e H COBepUlMTb 1200 A O ~ P L I XAeA. Ec-
AM n p M 3 T O M OH COBePUlMT 1199 ~ 0 6 p b l xAeA, a 3 a T e M OAHO Ayp-
H o e , BCe ~06pareA e A a aHHYAHPYIOTCII, M H a A e X M T 3aHOBO n p M -
C T Y n a T b K C O B e P U l e H M I O llOAOX<eHHOrO 'I MCAa A O ~ P ~ I AeA
X 131,
C. 121 . ~ O H B H A U CAM<e
~ CneLJMWbHbIe T ~ ~ A M LZyHZOZ3,
J ~ I B KO-
T O p b I X + M K c M ~ o B ~ A u c ~~o6pa1e
M A y p H b I e A e A a T a ~ c l e~ a 6 ~ u g b 1
BeAM M H O r M e K O H + ~ L J M ~ H C KqMHOBHMKM.
M~
U e A b l k P R A n p e ~ n M c a ~ M Tf ~
i O B ; M O C ~ BblnOAHRTb H e TOAb-
KO A a o C a M , MYyrrJM/4 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~HOj 1M, IIpOCTblM ~ 0 6 p o ~ e ~ e ~
HbIM A I o M M . B n e p B y n J OYepeAb 3 T 0 n R T b 3allpeTOB: H e y 6 ~ ~ a ~
H e IIClTb BMHP, H e A r a T b , H e K P a C T b , H e ~ ~ ~ A ~ O ~ O A ~ ~ C aT B
T a m e AeCXlTb ~ 0 6 p b 1 xA ~ R H M n~O:l l M T a T b p o ~ u ~ e ~CeOk~, A W A ~ T
B e p H O C T b r 0 C n O A M H y M H X T a D H M K y , W C T p W a T b BCeM T B a p R M ,
I I O M O r a T b CTpZK&yrrJMM Aa>l<e BO B p e A ce6e, O C B O ~ O > K A ~HTa~ BO-
AH3 >KMBOTHbIX M IITMLJ, BO3BOAMTb MOCTbI, C m a T b AepeBbR,
C T O M T b X<HAMLLJa M KOAOALJbI y AOpOr, HXTaBilrrTb Hepa3yMHbIX
A n J ~ e k .OAHMM
M3 3 A e M e H T a p H b l X ~ p e 6 o o w ~ IIpeA'bRBAReMblX
k,
K M O H a X y , COBepIUeHCTBylOrrJeMyCR H a n y T M K K O H ~ ~ HLJeAM,
O ~
~ ~ I ABereTaPMar-lCTBO.
O H e ~ o ~ o p b lAZIOCCKMe
e UIKOAbI, OAHaKO,
p a 3 p e U I W M CBOMM IIOCAeAOBaTeAFiM e C T b M C O M n M T b BMHO,
I I p e A n M C b I B ~IIOCT AMUIb B O n P e A e A e H H b I e AHH.
CBR3aHbl C O n p t ? A e A e H H b l M M O p I ' w a M M , ' 4 X T R M M TeAa. Aaoca~
f l p e A f l M C b l l 3 U M P X n O A a r a T b 3 T H X AyXOB B CBOIO n O A b 3 y , BeAR
YHCTYiO, n p a B e A H y I O X M 3 H b M C O B e p u l a R ~ o 6 p b 1 eA e A a . Kpo~e
TOrO, CAeAOBilAO " l l ~ ~ aT ~~AbO " , ~ a 6 b 1AyXM H e IIOKMHYAM eFO.
ECAM AYXM OCT~WTCIIB T e A e , Y e i l o n e K n p o A o l v K a e T X M T ~ .
~ T M XA ~ X O BB T e A e V e A o n e l t a
~OMMMO eye AO ero p o x q e H u x
MAM "TPM Y ~ ~ B x " .
IlOCeAHIOTCH T X H a 3 b I B a e M b l X "TpM T p y f l a " ,
X M BOHM~ T B "I~oAHx K M H O B ~ P M " ( a a H b t t u l ~ b ) ~ ": c ~ a p b l f i CM-
HUG ~ e p ~ bX M" B e T BO "~nopgeH M P B ~ H ~ I "B IY)AOX. " 6 e ~ a6a- ~
P~IIIIIM"- B " n y p n y p ~ o~~~ o p g eB "rpyau, " ~ p o s a o a ~~f ip y n "
- B H M X H e M " I l 0 ~ eK M H O B ~ ~ U " BTH
. " r I e p ~ M " I I b I T m T C I 1 CO-

K P a T M T b X M 3 H b Y e A O B e K a , ~ 0 ~ 0 p b l MX
f i IIPMIOTMA, llPMrIMMII
B P e A " ~ O A R M K M H O B ~ P M " M C T p e M H C b n O K M H y T b T e A O YeAOBeKa,
T a K K a K ' 4 e M P a H b m e Y M P T MX XO3RMH, T e M P a H b I I I e OHM OCBO-
~ O M T C I I , CTaHYT " f l p M 3 p a ~ a ~ M "M B ~ I ~ A YHTa BOAIO. ~ O ~ T O M Y
AaOCCKMe H X T a B A e H M R P K O M e H A y I o T K a K M O X H O C K O P e ~36a-
BUT- O T 3TMX "~epnek",MCTOYMTb MX B O 3 A e p X a H M e M O T 3Aa-
KOB, YTO IIBAXeTCH O C H O B O ~AMeTMYeCKMX
~ n p e ~ I l M c ; ~ M~ p~e fXi M -
MOB.
OCBO~O>KA
T e~
A aHOM ~
T "Tpex TpynOBn 3HaMeHyeT co6oii 3a-
6ec-
B e p r u e H u e n e p B o r o , n o A r o T o n M T e A b H o r o , maria H a n y T M K
CMepTMm.
Y ~ € ? ~ B ~ I YBa>t<~ok
~ ~ H o npoge~ypokAaDCbI C Y M T U M yr<penAe-
H M e A y X a tU3Hb, K O T O P ~ IO~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ O B ~ IB Bp e~3 Y
AAW
b T Ia T e CAMIIHMR
BO3AyXa y U C 3 C c e ~ I J M e k l#3UH. AYXW 3 N b CYMTUCR I I P a B M T e A e M
 U M ~ o 6 p b 1 eu A y p t i a l e n o c - r y n K w .
Y e A o B e K a , K O H T ~ O A M ~ ~ B ~ B I I I ero
Ero Ha+$Ae>l<WO C O X P W R T b M Y K P e n A R T b COOTBeTCTBYIOLIJMMM yn-
pa>KHeHMXMM (0 HMX 6 y ~ peX C~K a 3 a H O H M X ~ ) , ~ a 6 b Ol H H e no-
KWHYA TeAO, YTO IlPOMCXOAMT D ~ ~ I ' ~ BHMOO M e H T C M e P T H . ~ T M M
3a.HHM;UOTCR, BbIIIAaBhlIR " B H ~ T P ~ H H I O I O
~MAIOAIO" (-6 aa?db)*.
C p e ~ w@ U ~ M Y ~ C K UCpeACTB,
X PeKOMeHAOBaBLUHXCR AaOCaMM
B n O U C K a X ~ ~ C C M ~ P T M~ R
L I, A MAblXaTeAbHbIe y n p a > K H e H M R , ABM-
r a T e A b H U C M M H a t T M K a , C O ~ ~ B O X A a D ~ HUeH C
O r~A a I l p H e M O M
A e K a p C T B a , M a C C M e M . 6 0 ~ b L U 0 e 3 H a Y e H M e IlpMAaBaAOCb " I l u ~ a -
HMIO X M 3 H M n p M n O M O y M UHB-RH", T. e. ~ e K ~ y a A b H 0np;u<TM-
6
Ke.
HapRay C yxe y n o ~ ~ l ~ BbILUe
y ~ o k" B H Y T ~ ~ Hn
Hw~~
~m~ek"
AaOCbI PeKOMeHAOBaAM M "BH~UIHIOK) I~MAIOAIO", npMrOTOBAeHM-
e M K O T O P O ~ 3~W M M a A a C b 2AXMMMR. K ~ M3BeCTH0,
K AaOCbl CYMTa-
AM, YTO y n o ~ p e 6 ~ e ~P Ru Aea M e T U d O B , MMHepaAOB, ~ X T ~ H
M O X e T 0 6 e c n e ~ u ~AOArOAeTMe.
b OAHPKO
~ a ~ 6 o ~~( $e@e~ K T M B H
AeKapCTBa, IIpMrOTOBAeHHbIe CnegMaAbHO. B MX OCHOBe KMHO-
B a p b , 30AOT0, ~ 2 ~ M6np.~A 0e ~ a p c ~CYMTaAOCb
~o T e M 3@@eK-
THBHee, YeM 6 0 ~ e eO H 0 O Y M Y e H O , ~ ~ ~ ~ $ M H u P O B WTOa. ~ u xOYM-
yeHM6, MAM nAaDOK, MaKCMMyM 6 ~ ~ 0 C~Y~CTBOB~AO
ACBRTb.
MHOXeCTBO H
C~OCO~OB MeTOAOB BblnAaDAeHMII AeKapCTB,
" ~ H e U l H e f i ~ M A I O A U " , M3AOXeHHbIX O ~ C T O X T ~ A ~ B
HOT p a K T a T e r3
X y H a , p a B H 0 K a K M P e g e n T b l IIMAIOAb
1
. npM BblIIAaDAeHMM Ae-
K a p C T B , IlMAIOAb 6 e c c ~ e p ~ uHx~ O ~ X O A M M ~O ~ I Ac O
o 6~m~e~
O n p e A e A e H H b I X IIpaBUA - IlOCTa, OY MUJeHMR, YeAMHeHWIl B I'OpaX
HAM H a O C l p O B a X ( B I C p a 6 H e ~CAyYae - B AOMe, 3 a B ~ I C O K OOr-
~
pqofi). H M B K O e M CAyYae HeAb35I 6 b 1 ~ 0 p a 3 r A a U l a T b C e K p e T b I
M3l'OTOBAeHM5I, I l O C B R Y a T b B H e r 0 H ~ A O C T O ~ H ~ ~ 3XT O B
. M CAyY,X
H e B O 3 M O X H O 6 ~ 1 PaU3.'IL4TbIBaTb
~ 0 H a YCneX. C ~ K P T31'OT HeAb35I
6a1ao O ~ H ~ ~ O A OMB B~ KH
T ~ M ~ ~ XH
. ~ C T ~ B HnH
e pK
e A a o a A ero
MBYCTHO A O C T O ~ H ~ I CBOWM
M PeHI4Ka.M.
 K ~ KBMAHO M3 M3AOXeHHOI'O BbIIIIe, nOMCKM ~ ~ C C M ~ P T M I I
AWCbI BeAM B C ) H ~ M ~ ~ C K OM
M AYXOBHOM n A a H e . TO ~ L I A MMO-
par\bH0-3TMqeCKMe HOpMbI XMBHM, C O ~ A I O A ~ H O
Mn~p e A e A e H H b I X
AMeTMqeCKMX n p e ~ n M c a H M f i ,BbInOAHeHMe AbIXaTeAbHbIX M ABMl'a-
TeAbHbIX y n p a m ~ e ~ n 3HaHMe
k, O n p e A e A e H H b I X ~ ~ K o M ~ H A ~ L BJ H ~ ~
O ~ A X T U c e K c y a A b ~ 0 6 llPZlKTMKM, O B A a e H M e OIIpeAeAeHHbIMM
HmbIKaMM KOHLJeHTPayMM M MeAMTaLJMM, y n o r r p e 6 ~ e ~ uAe-
e
KaPCTB.
P a C c ~ o l p e ~ MOCHOBHblX
e AaDCCKHX C I I O C O ~ O B "IIMT~HMII
XM~HM" H ~ O ~ X O A W OH p A B a P M T b H ~ ~ O A ~ L L I3W
KMCKWOM B 06-
A X T b A ~ O C C K OaHaTOMMM
~ M 03HaKOMAeHMeM C T ~ P M M H O A O I ' M ~ ~ ,
y n o l p e 6 ~ ~ e ~BoTfpia K T a T a X M, B YaCTHOCTM, B A ~ ~ B H ~ ~ L M
L eI -~ M
3 I6J ~ M H " ("0 B H Y T P ~ H H ~ M " ) ,
~
AMLJMHCKOM T p a K T a T e " X Y ~ H - ~ M
npMnMCbIBaeMOM X~ATOMY
M M n e p a T O p y . n p M 3 T O M H a 0 yqM-
TbIBaTb IIyTaHMLJy M H a p q M T Y K l H e O n P e A e A e H H O C T b , KOTOPaJI
LJapMT B CO'IMHeHHIIX IIO 3TOMy BOllPOCy. 3 a q X T y l O OTAeAbHbIe
OPI'aHbI, COCyAbI, '4aCTM T e A a MMelOT no HeCKOAbKy HaMMeHOBa-
H M ~ . n0pfi pa3AMqHbIe O p r W b I M lraCTM T e A a UMeIQT OAHO M TO
xe o 6 0 3 ~ a q e ~ ~ e .
K ~ MbI
K YXe I'OBOPMAM, no IIpACTaBAeHMHM AaDCOB, q e A O I E -
q e c ~ ~OPl'aHM3M
f i - 3 T 0 MMKPOKOCM, BCe 'laCTM KOTOPOI'O Me-
KIT n a p m e m B M a K p o K o c M e . K ~ M
K sce B npupoAe, OH ynpan-
AHeTCII CUAaMM U H B M RH. Bce OpI'aHbI B H e M COOTHeCeHbI C n X -
TbH) n e p B 0 3 A e M e H T a M M . n ~ ~ b BHYTPeHHMMM
l o OPI'aHaMM G~IAM:
neYeHb, CepAge, c e ~ e s e ~A~e a
r K,u e M noYKu. I ~ H o ~K AHMM
~
IIPM'IMCIUIAM T a K m e n e p H K a p A , I'OAOBHO~
M K O C T H ~ IM03I'.
~~ nH-
TLIO O p r m a M u , K ~ nKo A a r a n w , y n p m A m a cma unb. C m a nn yn-
P a B M I A a IIleCTbH) "BM~cTMAMLIJ~MM", UAM nOAbIMM OPraHaMM:
XeAyAKOM, T O A C T O ~KM I U K O ~ T
, O H K O ~K M I I I K O ~ X
, e A ' l H b I M IIY3bI-
PeM, MOlreBbIM ny3bIpeM, " T P ~ M H I'OPHUJMMM O~AXTIIMH"~.
K p ~ TOI'O,
e AaOCbI BbIAeAXAM B T e A e ' l e A o B e K a 12 n a p H b I X K m a -
AOB. no 3TMM K a H U a M , K a K C q M T a M AaOCbI, I T e p e M e I I J W T C H CM-
AbI U H b M RH. Ha HHX pa3MeIJJeHbI a K y n y H K T y p H b 1 e TOVKH, UMCAO
KOTOPbIX B Pa3AHYHbIX HCTOqHMKaX BaPbHPyeTCX, HO U W e YKa-
3 b I B Z T C X VHCAO 365. H a 3 s m ~ b r e12 K a H a O B p a 3 A e M I o T C X H a
23 oTpe3~aH CBX3mbI M e X A y w6ok 8 K m a n a M H , H 3 KOTOpbIX
~ a ~ 6 o n ne ae m n b r c w
~ ~ ~ m c Ax o a - mneiuo M a y d . X m b -
A40 C O A e p X H T CMAy UHb, HaUUHaeTCX OT H H X H e k ry6b1, n p O X 0 -
AMT C I I e p e A H BAOAb T e A a BHH3 M 3aKZiHVHBaeTCII B IlPOMeXHOCTM.
A Y M ~W A e P X H T C U y IZH, H a U H H Z T C X O T B e p x H e k ry6a1, WeT
BBepX U e p e 3 ~ 0 K6 M a K y l l I K e , 3 a T e M V e p e 3 3aTbIAOK CnyCKaeTCX
BHM3 BAOAb CIIUHbI, 3aKaHVHBaRCb KOIIVHKOM [26, C. 1581.
K a m ~ a s rH 3 TpeX V a ~ ~ e fH
i ,a KOTOpbIe AaOCbI A e M T TeAO Ue-
AOBeKa (BepxHHX - IVAOBa H P y K H , CpeAHXX - r p y A b , HHXHIIR
- X H B o T M HOIU), HMeIOT ~ B o IJeHTP.
k %O T P H ' ' I ~ o ~ u I KHHOBa-
pH", HAM "n0M IIHAIoAH", H a 3 b I B Z M b I e T a K IIOTOMY, UTO KHHO-
Bapb - r A a B ~ b 1 f i HHrPeAHeHT IIUIOAH Bepx~ee
6ecc~ep~m .
" I I o A ~ KHHOB~PH" HaXOAMTCX B rOAOBe H H a 3 b I B Z T C X " A B O ~ ~ L J
H H P B ~ H ~ I ' '(nu8ane zyn), cpeAHee " n o ~ e "pacnonoxetso OKOAO
CepAJJa M Ha3bIBaeTCX "II)q?IIypHblfi A B O ~ ~ I(J~"3 1 1 12~ ~ ) H
. W-
Hee " n o ~ eK M H O B ~ ~ H H~XOAHTCX
" B lpex ~ y m x
H w e nynKa w
H a 3 b I B Z T C X " O K ~ W B O ~ A Y X ~ '(2524
' X a 6 ) ". H n m e e " n 0 A e KMHO-
B ~ P M " CUMTZTCIl CaMbIM B;UKHbIM M B CAy'ZaRX, KOrAa IVBOPHTCX
0 a a H b mRHb 6e3 y K a 3 W H X , A H X H e e 3 T 0 LiAH KaKOe-TO ApylWe
"IIOAeD', BCerAa W C X T C A B B M y HMeHHO H H X H e e .
I H c a H M k 3TUX V X T (3a
A e ~ ~ b H b 0l I x ~ ~ HCKAIOVeHHeM BepX-
~ e k ~, A O B ~ IH)e T , HO n p e A n o A a r a e r c x , wo sce OHH HM&T no
AeBXTb " A ~ ~ ~ I J OP~X "I I ,O A O X e H H b I X B A B a P X A a B rOAOBe 3TH
pXAb1 ABOPIJOB P X n O A O X e H b I IVpM30HTaAbHO B ABa 3T%a, nXTb
ABOPIJOB BHMJY, V e T b I p e B E p X y . A e ~ x ABOPIJOB
~ b I'PYAH M XHBO-
T a p X n O A a ~ W T C XB e p l u K a A b H O - n X T b B I I e p A H e M PXAy, Ve-
TbIpe B 3wHeM.
B rOAOBe, B H M X H e M PXAJ, y BXOAa HaXOAMTCX "ABopeIJ C E T -
~ o r o3aa" ( m n man z y n ) . Aanee 3a HUM c A e A y m "Ampeg
" , " I I o ~ a k ~ o fKi O M H ~ T ~ I ' '(
KOh4HaTbI H O B O ~ ~ ~ V H ~ IUX H ay~
@UH
ZF) H "ABOpeLJ H ~ p ~ a H b l "~, a 3 b l B Z ~ b TaK>Ke
l k "ABOPIJOM I I O M
~ n ~ o n a p n( a"a n b m n b zyn). K p o ~ eTO^, B HMmeM p ~ pac-
~ y
IlOAOXeHbI eye " A B O ~ ~ I~J ~ H X y y e k cXX~ M V ~ X M H ~(AH,
I"
zyn) ~1 " p l ~ o p e yx m M o B o r o a " & zyn). B nepx-
~ ~ n e p a ~ o p(laii
H e M PAAy n e p B b I M C n e p e A M P X n O A O X e H "ABOpeLJ ~e6ec~oro
A B O ~ ~( ?" n J l ~ b m U H ZYH). 3a HUM " A B O ~
MC~ T H H H ~ IBeAMKOrO
~
I I p e ~ e A a " (VZad 24324 W 3 H b ZYH) , " A ~ O p e L JC O K P O B ~ H H OKMHOBP-
~
PM" ( c m u e danb zyn), KOTOPLI~ p a c n o A o x e s ~ a p ,"ABOPLJOM
n0hR K M H O B ~ ~ M "~. O C A ~ A H U B
M BepXHeM PAAy P X I I O A O X e H
" ~ B O p e gBeAMKOrO aoryc~ekmero" (Vlac X y a H ZYH).
B FpyAM BXOAOM CAyXMT " T e p e ~C ~ T X X ~ M U
( A"O Y Z ~ ) -
rpaxen, B e A y y a J I B " c s e ~ ~ b3 ~ ~
k Haxo-
u"A p y r u e n o ~ e r y e ~ m .
AAUJU~CA B 3 ~ 0 kq X T H "A~OperJ AsMmyyekcx X ~ M ~ ~ X H H
O T O X A e C T B M e T C X C CepAIJeM, " C B ~ T A ~3aAJ',
I ~ H ~ X O MIlJMkc5I B
XMBOTe - CeAe3eHKa.
T p M ~ A M X ~ I L I M XK BXOAY ABOpLJa ( H M ~ H ~p I~I A
oa ++in rOA0-
BbI, I I e p e A H e r O - AIM T y A M M X M B O TBMeCTe
~) C ~OKOB~IMM
3 ~ ' ' X ~ A T ~ I X A ~ O p a " (XYUH
naBMAbOHaMH 0 6 p a 3 ~ ~TPM ~uw),
IJeHTPOM KOTOPblX AAA I'OAOBbI ABAAIOTCII I ' A Z a , TYAM -
cepAge, a AAA xunoTa B~
-ce~e3e~ x oa~BO Anopey oxpaweT-
CA AyXaMH, H X e A I I I O y M M H 6 o ~ o o b 1 en o M e y e H I 4 x . T ~ KYLUM
, -
TO " ~ ~ L U H MK" O A O K O A ~ M 6apa6ma, c KOTOP~IX O~BIIB~UIIOTo
IIOCeTMTeMX.
y BXOAa B B e p x H e e " n o ~ eKMHOB~PM", B CepeAMHe ~ 6 Ha a
~ ~ ~ B I I M PM
X n, O A O X e H b I : CIIpaa " X ~ A T~TOPTMK"
~ I ~ (~yan
tjloe), c A e B a - " n y p n y p ~ a J I ~eppaca"(ym maii). OHMoxpa-
HIIIOT B ~ C T M ~ I O ABXOAa
~ " ~ n o k ~ onohe,
e O x p a I i I I I O Y e e npo-
CTpaHCTBO B OAMH Z j y ~ b " (WOY Z j p b WYUH ??Wnb), KOTOpe PX-
n o A o m e H o M e X A y ~ ~ ~ B X ME p
Mo B. M H a 3 b I B W T C S " I J B ~ T O Y H ~ I M M
n o ~ p b ~ n a n m(xya
~ " zaii). n p a n b 1 6 rAa3 - s a n w ~ b r k ,M a n 6e-
A b l k , ABOyeIJ. I\eBblk - BOCTOYH~~
MAM
~, CUHHG, ABOpeLJ. O H M
~006y;uo~
C c
" A~B O ~ L J O MCBeTAOrO 3 a A a U , 3 a KOTOpbIM H;LXOAMT-
CII " K O M H ~ TH~ O B O ~ ~ ~ ~ H (HAM
~ I X "" ~ O T ~ ~ H U "W
) MHOXeCT-
BOM naBMAbOHOB. C H a Y a A a MAYT "XMAHJlJe C O K ~ ~ B ~ HXH
C eOH ~-
IJMU" ( C H M H ~ IJ324IC UU) M " T ~ M H ~~ O
I ~~ T M K (?O
" y?Oe), 3aTeM
" X ~ A T L I ~n~ o p u ~ ' '(xyan rjme) - cnpana H " ~ p a c ~ b mpo~a"
r e
(ybz xy) - cl\ena3.
 l l e p e i i ~ eT~e n e p b K P ~ C C M O ~ ~ H M OCHOBHLIX
H) A~OCCKMX
l l ~ ~ a l - i M IX
C ~ O C O ~ O" B I M~HH
p e"K,O M e H A y e M b I X iv\A AOCTMXeHMII
~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T M R ~ .
Cpt?&M MHOrMX CIIOCO~OBAbIXal-iHR ~ a u 6 0 ~ b w eMBBeCTHOC-
k
TbH) nOAb30BaACII cnoc06 " ~ M ~ P H O H ~ A ~ HA O~ I~XO~ H H I I " .C B O ~
Ha3BaHMe 3TOT cnoc06 n O A p C i l \ IIOTOMy, YTO C.lpeMUACR B O C n p o -
A b I x a n M e n A o A a B y v 6 e M a T e p w . A a o c a l ~ M A M YTO
M~B~CTM ,
IIAOA H e AbIUlMT HOCOM MAM P T O M , YTO A b I X W M e nPOM3BOAMTCA
qepe3 I I y IIOBMHy, KOTOPyH) OHM Ha3bIBaAM " B O ~ ~ T ~ M
~ yM~ b 6 b 1 "
(&UM ~ 3 t t b ) B
~ .c e ~
IIPaKTMKYIorrJMM ~ U O
peKOMeHAOBaAOCb OB-
A W e T b ~ M ~ ~ U O HAU
b I X~
WM e. AbIILIaTb KaK nAOA B
He M~, IT. M
MaTePMHCKOM Y p e B e . A a o c b r C'IMTiMM 3TOT CIIOCO~ AbIXaHMR OC-
HOBO^ X M J H M , ClOAaI'iMM, ' I T 0 C er0 IlOMOYbH) M O X H O AOCTMYb
6'
COCTOIIHMII 3apOAbILLIa, M 3 r H a T b C T a F C T b , B03BPaTMTbCII K MCTO-
KY, BePHYTbCII K O C H O B ~ " , a 3 T 0 0 3 H a Y U O AOCTMXeHMe KOHeY-
HOG gem.
" ~ M ~ ~ M O H ~AA
b ~~x aH
HMOe "~G ~ I A OO T K p b l T o B Haqane 3noxM
B AaOCCKHX COqMHeHWIIX O H 0 OnPeAeARAOCb K a K B H Y T H -
H e e &bIXaHMe, TO, KOTOPOe WCIIOAb3yeT B H Y T ~ ~ H H BOBAYX,
M~ Ha-
XO&XIIJU~CA B T e A e YeAOBeKa U3Ha'IiMbHO. YTO KaCaeTCIl BHeUIHe-
I'O AbIXaHMR, TO O H 0 MCnOAb3yeT BO3&yX B H ~ L U H MC~ ~. ~ J ~ C T B O B
A 0 M H O X e C T B O " C T ~ P ~ I X " ,AOTWCKMX, ~ e 0 p M kB H e l r r H e r O AbIXa-
HIM. T ~ KB ,H ~ ~ O A ~ I U AaOCCKOM
OM COYMHeHMM IV B. lTPHBO&MTCR
c ~ e & y m y u k cnoco6 AbIXWMII BHeUlHMM BO3AYXOM: K;UKCS~
A e H b H a BOCXOAe COAHLJa, IlOBepHyBUlMCb AMLJOM H a BOCTOK, CAe-
A y e T IIOnOAOCKaTb P O T C A W H O ~M 3 a T e M IIPOWOTMTb ee. n0CAe
n o r ~ o y a ~B O
~ T O ~" O b ~ A Y X " CTO UAM 6 o ~ e ep a . S ~ K O H A~aM
lxaB
-
~ e ~ b ~ LJMICA,
b l k CAe&OBiMO AB'aXAbI IlOIIpMBeTCTBOBaTb COAHLJe.
OAHPKO,
~OCKOA~KY , CYMTiMOCb, YTO H e BCe MOIYT AblIUaTb 3TMM
cnoco6o~c AerKocTbro, ~ e o 6 x o ~ w o&
k u& o c T M x e H u x 6ec-
CMePTMII, peKOMeH&OBaAMCb IIOAPOTOBMTeAbHbIe OnepaLJMM:

&Aer\b~ble AaWCKHe peKOMeHAqPtH H MCTOAbl HAM HeKoTopble CTO

CMarpH~HCb
K
b.A-~HOM,
a t r b m ~ " ,Y x o y
A. Am. HHA~MOM,
Macnepo, P. Bali
Ulaourne~,M. M. C o ~ o ~ o mMi i~ p [ll:
.
FAHKOM
Hbl HX PaC-
h
17; 19: 22; 24; 25;
2J; 421.
yeAMHMBUIMCb B IlpMI'OTOBAeHHOM CneLJMaAbHO &M 3 T O r O CAY'fa5l
nOMellJeHMM, AeYb H a Y A O ~ H Y I OIIOCTeAb, IIPMHXTb I I P a B H A b H O e
noAoxceHue, ~ ~ K P I I T ~ M 3 w e p r n a ~ b ,' ' 3 a n e p e ~ b " B O ~ A Y X B
I'pyAM, 3 a T K H y B HOC n y X 0 M I4 H e p a 3 X L i M a R pTiL
~ ~ ~ A c T ~ B M I ~HeCOMHeHHbIM,
T c R YTO AbIXaTeAbHbIe ynp;oK-
HeHMR CyUJeCTBOBaAM B K u ~ a eyxe B r ~ y 6 0 ~ 0ApeBHOCTM.
fi T~K,
H w n M C b H a A B e H w L J a T M H ~ $ P H T O B ~ I XT ~ ~ A M Y K ~AaTMPYeMblX
X,
VI B. A0 H. 3., P K O M e H A y e T 3 w e p X M B a T b BOsAyX, ~ a 6 b 1O H H a -
K a n A u B a A c x M y B e A u ~ u B a i c f iB 0 6 % e ~ e ,n o c A e r l e r o ero H w e x a -
A 0 H a n p a B M T b BHM3, r A e OH yCnOKaMbaAcJI, a 3 a T e M CI'yUJaACX M
IIyCKZlA POCTKM. K o r ~ OH
a p a 3 p a C T a A c J I , eI'0 CAeAOBZlAO C H O B a H a -
IlpaBMTb BBepX, r ~ o 6 b 1OH AOCTMr T e M e H M [27, C. 143-1441.
T a ~ n ea B T O p M T e T H b I e KnaccMrlecKMe lpaKTaTb1 AmCM3Ma,
K ~ K "Am ~3 YBMH", " Y m y w - y s b r " , "Xyaii~wa-y3a1" c o A e p x a T
O l p b l B K M , B KOTOPblX Y I I O M M H W T C X A b l X a T e A b H b I e y n p ; o K H e H U I I ,
OAHaKO, eCAH " A a O A 3 L J ~ M H "P K O M e H A y e T UX, TO B "Y>KY~I-I-
LJ3b1" M " X y a f i ~ ~ b - L J 3 b 1 " 0 HMX rOBOPMTCII C npe~y6ex~e~~
K ~ yXe
K OTMeYZlAOCb, " ~ M ~ ~ u o H ~ A
~b1xaI-IMe"
~ H o ~ CTaAO M3-
BeCTHO AMUIb B n e p M O A TW, K O r A a 3HaYMTeAbHO M 3 M e H U M C b
MAeM AaOCOB 0 TeXHMKe A b l X w M X M K O r A a OHM o6pa~mwB H W a -
H u e H a J J M ~ K ~ A X I J M I~
Oo s ~ y nx aT e h e q e A o B e K a A b ~ x w u e6 b 1 a o
nOApa3AeAeHO H a BHeUIHee M BHyTpeHHee. no IIpeACTaBAeHMRM
A m C O B T o r 0 B P M e H M , B H Y T ~ ~ HBO3AyX
H ~ ~ ~BbIXOAUA M3 " l l 0 M I
TOT
K M H O B ~ P M " , M3 O ~ A X T M n e Y e H M M A U ~ P ~ ~ M ~ I B. H y T H -
H H B03AyX,
~ c o ~ e p x a B m ~ i iB
c ~T el A e K;oKAOrO OTAeAbHOrO 'IeAO-
B e K a , Ha3bIBaACR eye " M 3 ~ a Y a A b ~ b~1 ~0 3 ~ ~ (xm0M ~
b "~ 2 4 ) ~ .
Amcar n o h a r a m , 'ITO " u ~ ~ a q a A b ~ b 1B O
i i~ A Y X " B Y e A o B e K e COOT-
BeTCTByeT M3Ha'IaAbHOMy B03AyXy He6a M 3 e M A I 4 , YTO YeAOBeK
IlOA)NaeT 3TOT M 3 H a ' I a A b ~ b I k B03AyX HeGa M 3 e ~ npu u CBOeM
P O X A e H M U , YTO 3 T O T BO3AyX' CTWOBMTCX er0 "AYXOM" ( 2 ~ 3 M b ) M
er0 TeAOM (CUM), ' I T 0 YeAOBeK IlOAylraeT M3HaY;MbHO ~ A H H ~ I &
BOBAYX, K O T O P L I ~ CTWOBMTCII T a m e ero CAIOHO~M scce~yueii
(T. e. c ~ M ~ H ~ MK) p
. o ~ eTOI'O, n o A a r a A M AaOCbI, M 3 H a r l a A b ~ b l i i
B03AYX HeGa M ~ ~ M A
BMu a K p O K O C M e BO3HMKaeT H a C e B e p e , n p M -
H w e X M T CTMXMM BOAbI, COOTHOCMTCX C ' l p ~ l ' p a h l ~ KaMb,
~ f i AO-
MMHMPYeT B C e B e P H b I X p a f i o ~ aM,~B YXTHOCTM, B pafi0~er O p b I
X33, n ~ a" Ms ~ a ra l ~
~ cenepa. b ~ aB~O Bf ~iY X " Y e A o B e K a , T. e. MMK-
 POKOCMP, B 0 3 H M K a e T B IIO'IKaX, WOTBeTCTBYIOLLJUM CTHXMM B0-
Abl, T p M r p a M M e K a H b M C e B e p y . OH RBAXeTCII MCTO'LHMKOM X M 3 -
H e H H O r O BOsAyXa, ABWKyIIJeI'OCR M e X A y nO'LKaMM. OH - OCHOBa
IIIITM BHYTPeHHMX Opr'aHOB, K O P e H b BCeX ABeHULJaTM KWZiAOB,
BOPOTa BAOXa M BbIAOXa, MCTO'LHHK "TPX ~A~BUA~IIJUKOB
( " T P ~ X0 6 0 r p e ~ a ~ e ~ eHAM
ii" "~OPXYHX TOT
06~ac~eii"). 003-
&yX - K O P e H b 'LeAOBeKa, I l 0 3 T O M y eCAH K O P e H b YHM'LTOXMTb,
BCe O p r a H b I M KaHaAbI IIOBeAYT c e 6 ~K a K BeTBM M AMCTbII, KOTO-
p b I e 3 a C b I X m T C r u 6 e ~ b mKOPHX.
~ O C K O A ~ K "YM 3 ~ a ' L a A b ~ b l f ~i 0 3 IlpeACTaBAXACII
~ ~ ~ " AaOCaM
X M 3 H e H H b I M KOPHeM, er0 Ha,&4eXZiAO 6 e p e m ~ oCOXP'aHRTb, TeM
6oaee 'LTO KOAM'LeCTBO €30,KPK C'IMTZiAOCb, B e C b M a OrPaHM'LeHHO,
BCWO IIIeCTb yyd. n 0 ~ e p I OAHOrO
I ZjYU ' h 3 ~ a ~ a A b ~ oBO3Ay-
r o
xa", C'IMTZAM AaOCbI, Y M e H b I I I Z T 3KM3Hb YeAOBeKa H a T p M A y a T b
AeT, c o x p m e t t w e xe B c e x ruecTM yyneii 0 6 e c n e l r u ~ a e n~ e q q w
X M 3 H b . ~ O ~ T O MnpeAIlMCb1BaAOCb
Y O B A U e T b IlpaBUAaMM AbIXa-
HMII, ' L T o ~ ~"I ~ 3 ~ a ' I a A b ~ bBlOk~ A Y X " H e BbIXOAMA H a p y X y r e p 3
HOC M P O T , a nOCTORHH0 3anOAHXA ~ 0 6 0 6" I ~ o AK~M H O B ~ P M " M
rJMpKyAMpOBaA no BCeMy T e A y , H e CMeIIIHBaRCb C BHeIIIHUM BO3-
AyXOM.
Teopm pa3-
M n y a K T M K a LJMPKYMgMM B H y T H H e r O BO3AyXa
p a 6 a ~ b 1 ~ a A
AaOCaMM
~ b IIepMOAa CYH.&H npeACTa9lvrAM
TW M
ce6e MeXaHM3M LJMPKYMLJMM CAeAyIOIIJMM 06pa30~:nOCKOAbr<y
A B W K e H H e B H y T p e H H e r O M BHeIIIHerO BO3AyXa CKOOpAMHHpoBa-
HbI, TO, K O r A a B H ~ I I I H W
BO3AYX
~ IIOAHHMZTCII +$M
BbIAOX;I, BHYT-
P ~ H H M ~
C~ ~ ~HCWXK H e M " n o h e K M H O B ~ ~ U " ~ZllCke
O ,A ~ ~ X ~ L I J M B ,
IIOAHMMaeTCII BBepX; KOrAa me B H ~ I I I H M G BO3AyX OnyCKaeTCA
nOCAe BAOXa, B H Y V ~ H H H BO3AyX
~ T O X e OIIyCKaeTCII H B O 3 B p W a -
eTCX B " I I o A ~ K M H o B ~ ~ M " . L J H P K ~ M ~ M I BI H y T p e H H e r O BOsAyXa,
K a K IIOAaraAM AaOCbI, I l p o X O A U A a B A B a T a K T X BO-nepBbIX, n O r A 0 -
\ y e H M I I BO3AyXa M, BO-BTOpbIX, C O ~ C T B ~ H H LJMPKYMLJMM
O 3TOrO
BO3AyXa Aaocc~ueCq'LMHeHMIl OnMCbIBakOT AMIIIb OAMH cnoc06
norno IlJeHMIl BO3AyXa M A B a cnoco6a IJHPKyMLJMM.
~ O ~ A O I J J ~ BHHH
e I~
I I H e r O BO3AyXa 3 T 0 IlPOCTOe BAbIXaHMe B03-
AyXa, COIIpOBOX&f2MOe IlOCTORHHbIM C r A a T b I B W M e M 6o~b1110ro
W K ~ " . ~ o ~ A o I I J ~ HBHyT-
KOAM'LeCTBa CAIOHbI, UAM " I I ~ M O B O ~ O u ~
p e H H e r o BO3AyXa H ~ O ~ X O A H MAAX
O TOrO, ' L T o ~ ~IlOMeLUaTb
I eMy
 T M BbIAOXe B H e U I H e r O BO3AyXa M Y T O ~ ~3aCTaBMTb
B ~ I ~ ~ lIpM I er0
LJMpr<yAMpOBaTb no TeAy.
~ P O M A A W C T P H P Y ~ cnoc06
M IlOrAOUJeHMR B H y l p e H H e r O B 0 3 -
AyXa c,A~A)~WUJUM
O n M c a H M e M M3 " n ~ I33M
b IJM LJXHb", c~oe06-
pa3~0fiaHTOAOrMM AaOCCKMX TeKCTOB, B X O A X U J ~B~COCTaB "Ada-
0IJ3il1a" : IlOrAOUJeHMe BO3AyXa 3aKAWY X T C R B CrAaTbIBaHMM.
f l p o + a s l b I C r A a T h I B a W T B H ~ I I I H HBO3AyX,
~~ AWAM CBeAyUJMe A O A X -
HhI CrAaTbIBaTb B H Y T P ~ H H MB03AYX.
~~ ~ O K M H Y B" O K ~ P H B O ~ ~ Y X ~ " ,
3 T O T B03AyX lIOAHMMaeTC5I K r O p A y . B T O T M O M e H T , K O r A a YeAO-
B e K BbIAbIXaeT ~ H e l r r H M kBO3AyX Y e p e 3 r O p A 0 , H a 0 6a1c~yo3a-
K p h I T b P O T M " 6 M ~ bB ~ e 6 e c ~ b 6apa6a~"',
r k CrAaTbIBarl T e M ca-
M b I M ~ H y l p e H H H f iBO3AyX, YTO HaXOAMTCA B 3 T 0 B P e M B r O p A e .
TOT BO3AYX C UIYMOM C n y C K a e T C R , K a n A x 3 a ~ a n h e kCAOBHO
, BO-
Aa. Ero MhICAeHHO BeAyT Y e p e 3 n MYeBOA, MaCCMPYIoT P Y K O ~ A
, a-
6 a 1 OH c K o p e e B o w e l \ B " O K ~ W nosAyxa", K O T O ~ ~
~ a
I ~a r~ae~cx
T a m e " ~ O A ~ KMM H O B ~ P M " M H ~ X O A M T C RH a l p u gym HMxe nyn-
Ka. B ApyrOM MeCTe "K)HL I33M YM JJ5IHb" YTOYHReT, YTO B MO-
M e H T CrAaTbIBaHUR IlO3AyXa HOC M P O T 3 a K P b I T b I M IIyCTbI. Kor~a
B H ~ T ~ € ! H H MBO3AyX
~~ 3 a n O A H R e T P O T , H a 0 ' ' 6 M ~ bB H e 6 e c H b 1 k 6a-
pa6w" H e MeHee nRTflarJaTM pa3, HO AyYUIe 6 o ~ b m e .C ~ A O T -
HYTb B03AyX H a 0 K a K 6 o ~ b m o krAOTOK BOAbl, 3 a T e M BeCTH er0
COCPeAOTO'leHHO B >KMBOT M B " I I o A ~K M H O B ~ P M " . Ha nyTM
B H y T p e H H e r O BO3AyXa K " n 0 A W K U H O B ~ ~ M MMeeTCX
" T y M ripe-
nRTCTBMR, HAM G a p b e p a : n e p B O e I I p e n R T C T B M e HaXOAMTCR B C e p A -
rJe, B T O p O e - H a c e ~ e 3 e ~ ~TeTb€!
ok, - B H W H e M " n 0 A e KM-
HOB~PM". Y C T P ~ H H 3TM
T~ n p e n H T C T B M R , n p O B e C T M BO3AyX Y e p e 3
HMX H ~ A ~ ~ K
H ao 3~T 0, , K a K C K a 3 a H O B T p a K T a T e , YXOAMAM MeCR-
JJbI M rOAb1 [25, C . 2141.
l l o c ~ eTyex c r ~ a ~ b ~ u k , A~DCLI, " O K ~ ~ ~
l ~ a YYMAM Ho 3 ~ y x a "
H a n O A H R e T C R M T O r A a B03AYX H Y X H O BeCTM no BCeMy TeAy. ECAM
 324 MOCCKAII nPAKTMKA AOCTMXEHMA BECCMEPTMA

p e q b MAeT 0 ~ O A ~ ~ H
TOMB03AYX
, CAeAyCr BeCTM K ~ O A ~ H O MMeC-
Y
Ty. Cnow6 BeAeHMR 3XiM-A OT AaHHOTO KOHKPeTHOrO MHAMBM-
Aa: OAHMM COBeTOBaAM 3PMTeAbHO IlPeACTaBMTb &Be nOAOCb1 6e-
AOrO BOsAyXa, MbICAeHHO CAeAOBaTb 3 a 3TMMM IlOAOCaMM, COBep-
m;uo YUMMc ~ o f ni y T b no TeAy. 6 o ~ e eo 6 b 1 v ~ mnpogeAypa n p e A -
YCMaTPUBaAa CO3AaHMe B CBOeM ~ o o 6 p a x eI'OMyHKyAa, ~~~
KOTOPOMY M H W e X a A O IXOPJWMTb BeCTM AbIXaHMe, a CaMOMy OC-
CAeAMTb 3a HMM H a BCeM n y T M CAeAOBaHMR.
TaBaAOCb M ~ I c A ~ H H O
~ O M M M Ocnoc06a IJMPKYMLJMM BOsAyXa, y n p a B M e M o r 0 M
BeAOMOrO IIPaKTMKyIOUJMM, A;U3CbI PeKOMeHAOBaAH cnoco6 CBO-
~ O A H O
I.JMpKYMI.JMM,
~ KOI'Aa BO3AyX H e y n p a B M e T c R IreAOBeKOM,
a MAeT C B O ~ O A H OC a M no BCeMy TeAy. H a 3 b 1 ~ a e ~
OHc ~" ~ b l l l ~ X i -
AeHMe B O ~ ~ ~ X ~ " . npoI.Je~ypa,p e K O M e H A y e M m YqMTeAeM AH^-
AMHOM, TaKOBX YeAMHMTbCA B T M X O ~ KOMHaTe, p a c c ~ a 6 u ~ b
O A e X A y , P a C n y C T M T b BOAOCbI, A e q b H a 'iMCTyI0 IlOCTeAb, BblTRHYB
P y K M M HOrM. C ~ A O T BOBAyX,
H~B 3 Q e P X a T b AblXaHMe K i X M O X H O
AOAbUIe, n O K a C T a H e T HeBMOrOTy. " ~ ~ T ~ M H MCOAHge,
T ~ " q~06b1
O H 0 H e MbICAUAO, M IIpeAOCTaBMTb BO3AyXy HATM I t 0 c~0efiBOAe.
K o r ~ aXe 3 W e p X M B a T b A a A e e AbIXaHMe C T a H e T HeBbIHOCMMO,
KOl'Aa B03AYX 6 y p t e ~CTpeMMTbCR ~ b l f i H
~ Q
~ O, O T K p b l T b P O T M
BbInyCTMTb er0 TMXOHbKO. YC~OKOMB
AblXaHMe
6'
M npMBe&X er0 B
r a p M O H M I 0 , CAeAyeT CHOBa n p M C T y I I a T b K BblnAaBAeHMI0 BO3Ay-
xa". ~ ~ H M M ~ T ~3 T
CUI M
I e X e A H e B H 0 HeAb3R, AMUIb ' 4 e p e 3 MHTeP-
BaAbl B nRTb-&eCRTbA~ek.
CO~AXHO pc2KOMeHAayMRM, COAepXallJMMCR B AWCCKMX CO-
qMHeHMRX VI 11 -IX BB., " 3 ~ 6 p ~ o ~ a ~~ bbl ~~a HoMe. i e "M O X H O
IIpaKTMKOBaTb C a M O no ce6e, H O ' l q e O H 0 RBMeTCR H ~ O ~ X O A M -
M O ~ ~ ~ A I I O C ~ I K
A K" O
B ~ I ~ A ~ B A ~ HM
u I BeAeHMIO
~ " B03AyXa
B e c b 3 T O T KOMnAeKC Ha3bIBaeTCX " y n o ~ p e 6 ~ e ~~ ou 3e~~y x a " .
Bce p e y e n T b I " y n o l p e 6 ~ e ~ w~1 o 3 ~ y x a
n p"e c 2 l \ a r a h u B H a q a e cAe-
A a T b P X A rMMHaCTM'IeCKMX y n p ~ ~ e ~ ~a 6~a r" kp a ,c c ~ a 6 w ~Tbe -
AO". 3 a ~ CAeAOBaAO
e ~ -CTb IlpXMO M CAeAaTb ' l p M BAOXa. Yc~o-
KOMTb MbICAM M OTBAeqbCR OT TeAa, YCIIOKOMTb AbIXaHMe. 3 a ~ e M
T ~ I ~ ' 4 e p e 3 P O T U BAOX-
T U X 0 M A e r K O BbIAOXHYTb H ~ ~ M C BO3AyX
HYTb H O W M ~ M C T ~ ~I O~ B. T O P M T3 ~
T 0 IIIeCTb-CeMb pa3. T ~ K Ono-
B
H M ~ I B ~~PMoHMK
P R A O K " ~ ~ u B ~ A ~ BO3AyXa I ~o"r.~ ar a p M O H W l
B 0 3 A y X a AOCTMrHYTa, a POT M HOC " 3 a I C p b l ~ b l M ~ Y C T ~ I "H, Q O H a -
n o A H u T b POT BO~AYXOM,a 3 a T e ~" 6 u ~ bB ~ e 6 e c ~ b 16apa6a~"
fi He
MeHee 15 pa3.
~ O C 3TOrO
A ~ CrAOTHYTb B03&YX, K W rA0TaK)T BO&y M COCpe-
&OTO'IHTb BHHMaHHe H a B03&yXe, K O T O P ~ I nPOXO&HT
~~ B "0~ea.H
B O ~ A Y X ~ "r,& e OH M OCTaeTCII H a &AMTeAbHOe BpeMX. ' I e p e 3 onpe-
& e ~ e ~ ~ bIIpOMemyTOK
l f i BpeMeHM n p o r J e & f l y CrAaTblBaHMII H M O
XMBOT".
nOBTOPHTb M TaK &O TeX n O p , n 0 K a H e " H ~ I ~ O A H U T C X
" H ~ ~ O A HXHBOT"
UB H "OCBO~O&MBCep&LJeM OT CyeTHblX MbIC-
A&, CAe&OBUO 3aKpblTb POT, MaCCMPOBaTb XMBOT PyKaMM, 'ITO-
6ar 3aCTaBMTb BO3AYX LJMPKyAMPOBaTb M IlPOHMKHYTb B HOC. ~ P M
3TOM HeAb311 CHAbHO &blUlaTb, ~ a 6 b H
1 e HaPYUrMTb raPMOHMM 803-
Ayxa nose 9 ~ 0 r ocAeAyeT Aerlb B n o c T e A b , B ~ I T I I H Y TPYKM
~ M HO-
rM, HeCKOAbKO MX PXCTaBHB. A b ~ r u a ~
HOCOM,
b BHMMaHMe COCpe-
&OTO'4MTb H a AbIXaHMH, 3aCTaBIUIR BO3&YX LJMPKYAMPOBaTb no
BCeMy TeAy. B T n ~p o L J e & y p a Ha3blBXTC.S " ~ ~ C T ~ B B03&yX
H T ~ LJMP-
K ~ A U ~ O B ~ Tn~p "M. 3TOM I'lpe&llMCblBaAOCb HHTeHCMBHO &BMraTb
nanbgaMu p y H~ H o r , a T a K m e "KOCTXMM H c y c ~ a s a ~ uao" T e x
nop, n o K a Henporuu6e~HOT. B T n~p o r J e A y p a H ~ ~ ~ I B X T C"npo-
H
HHKHOBeHMe B O ~ A Y X ~ " .
npogeaype A ~ I X ~ H M Ic!o n y T c T B o s a n g e a b r i i pxa npeanuca-
HUG, KOTOPbIe CAbIAM CeKPeTHblMM, TaUHCTBeHHbIMM, M I I e p e & a -
BUMCb M3yCTHO OT YYMTeAJl K yYeHMKy. B AaOCCKMX CO'IMHeHMIIX
&O n e p H O & a T a H HM'IerO H e rOBopUAOCb 0 BH-HHeM BO3&yXe,
p e q b l u A a AHrUb 0 BHeUrHeM B03AyXe. K ~ K0TMe'IaK)T aBTOpb1, MC-
a e & o B a B r u M e 3Ty n p o 6 ~ e ~ cyx,e M a I J H ~ K ~ A R L J H8M0 s ~ y x a
B w-
YMHeHMIIX AOTaHCKHX M nOWeTaHCKMX B OCHOBHblX 'IePTaX H e
pa3AM'IUacb [25, C. 2311. B ~ e r u ~ uB03&YX
fi - TOT, 'IT0 B&blXa-
IOT HOCOM M K O T O P ~ I 3~a~T e M OnyCKaeTCII B nO'IKM M nPOXO&MT
BCe n l T b BHyTPeHHHX OpraHOB M IUeCTb BMeCTMMUJ: "I43 &AMH-
HOG AOAMHbI (T. e. H O C ~ ) B TeMHYlo O ~ A X T (T. ~ e , IIo'IKu) 8 0 3 -
~ y npoXO&MT
x n o n p u r o p o A a M M o K p y r a M (T. e. no B i - y r p e H H u M
0praa-x~)'I.

B H3BeCTHOM COYHHeHMM r3 X Y H ~"kl0IIy-LJ3bl" (~a'IaA0

IV B.) rOBOPHTCII, 'IT0 nPaKTMKyR LJMPKYAXLJMIO B 0 3 A y X q CAe&y-
e T B&bIXaTb HOCOM M 3aTeM 3aKpblBaTb, 3 a n M p a T b B03&YX, Y&eP-
rnu~arrero B Te.reHMe 120 y A a p o e C e p A g a , noue q e r o oc~opox-
HO BblAbIXaTb PTOM. BAOX H Bbl&OX CAeAyeT IlPOM3BO&HTb 6ec-
KIYMHO M 6 e 3 H a I I p R X e H M R , T a K , v~o6t.1nepo, noMeyeHHoe ne-
peA HOCOM MAM PTOM, H e UleBeAMAOCb. ~ P M3 T O M H~O~XOAMMO
BAbIXaTb 6 o ~ b r u o eKOAMqeCTBO BOsAyXa, a BblAbIXaTb M-062. no
Mepe OBAWeHM 3 ~ 0 k~ ~ ~ K T M K O ~
CAeAOBZlAO YBeAMqMTb MHTeP-
B a n M e X A y BAOXOM M BblAOXOM A0 TbICR'IM YAaPOB CepALJa, YTO
AOAXHO G~IAO, no MHeHMIO a B T O p a , IIPMWCTM K OMOAOXeHMIO

CAOXHbIMM CTMXWM, B 330TePM'leCKMX T e p M M H a X B H e M nOCAe-

AOBaTeAbHO M AOBOAbHO n o ~ p o 6 ~OIIMCaHbI
o c n o c 0 6 b 1 AOCTHXe-
HMR ~ ~ C C M ~ P T M :
LJMPKyARLJM BO3AyXa, BO3BpaUJeHMe CeMeHM,
yseAwseswe ero, n c l T m u e M T. A. C o r ~ a c ~o no~ c a H w x M" X y m
TMH L J B U H ~ " , BO3AyX CAeAOBZAO BAOXHYTb HOCOM ( " n e . ~ K o f i " ) ,
I I p o B e C T M q e P 3 B O p o T a , KAIO'I OT KOTOPblX XPaHMTCR y AYXOB Ce-
Ae3eHKM. A ~ CAOXH~IG
~ ~ ~ O A O3TOT B Gapbep, BO3AyX BeAM K
H U X H e M y "X~OAIO K M H O B ~ P U " , rAe BO3AyX B C l p e ' f U C 5 l C C e M e H e M ,
CMeLUMBaACR M CY~AUMMPOB;MCII B npOIJeCCe nAaBAeHM5l. B 3T0
B p e M A P O T A O A X e H 6 b 1 ~ bHaIIOAHeH C A I O H O ~ ~". B b r n ~ a B n e ~ ~ b r e "
BO3AyX M CeMR IIPOBO@T M3 H W K H e r O " I I 0 M l K M H O B ~ P M " B B e p X -
H e e " n 0 A e K U H O B ~ ~ U "HaXOAXrrJeeCR
, B rOAOBe. TO " B O ~ B P ; U Y ~ -
H M e C ~ M ~ H M ("H M X ~ Mb1 n o ~ p o 6 ~ eOCTaHOBUMCR
e Ha 3~0k
I I ~ ~ K T M K ~ECAW
). Xe H e IlPaKTMKYWT 3 T O T IIpoLJeCC, TO A e A W T
B ~ I A O XPTOM. BOT npmep o n H c a H u x : "BAIIX;LII u BLIALIX;LIIsepes
o n p e A e A e H H b 1 e MHTepBZUbI sepes nesny, BBOMT B O ~ A ~ BX *nohe
KUHOBapU*. B 3 T 0 B P e M A ' I M C T M BOAa (T. e. C A W H ~ )I l r u ~ o ~ o r o
03epa (T. e. P T ~ )O M b I B X T CBRUJ~HH~
KOI ~P e~H b ( R 3 b 1 ~ ) " (25,
c. 2411.
6 o ~ b m o eBHUMaHMe AaOCbl YAeMlAM BblAOXy. 9~0fi TeXHMKe
~ a s e ~ euyee B r ~ y 6 0 ~ 0Akp e n H o c -
OHM n p M A a B a n u c e p b e 3 ~ o es
TM. ~ O X ~ C T BHO~ U M ~ H O B ~cnoco6o~
H U ~ ~ BbIAOXa B C T P W Z T C R y
YXyaH-LJ3bl. O A H ~ K O
TIIJaTeAbHO TeXHMKa BbIAOXa 6w.a pa3pa-
6 o ~ a B~ nae p M o A T ~ MH C ~ Hn.p u OAHOM cnoc06e B A o x a 6 m o
U3BeCTHO I l l e C T b C I I O W ~ O B BbIAOXa: W.4, X 3 , X y , c l d , q@, CU. ~ T M
BbIAOXM, no I I p e A C T a B A e H M M AaOCCKMX J W U T ~ A COOTHOCUAMCb
~ ~ ,
K ~ X C A ~ ICGO n p e A e A e H H b I M O p r a H O M M y n o ~ p e 6 r \ l 1 ~ ~ c b&AX A e W -
HUH 6 o ~ e 3 ~ enkp ,M q M H a KOTOpbIX K O p H M A a C b B 3TMX O p r W a X .
T ~ KC'iMTMOCb,
, '-IT0 BbIAOX YU BAUXeT H a AWKMC!, Ae'IMT M y K p e n -
AXeT MX, C H H M Z T YCTMOCTb, ~ 3 6 a n l u r eOT
~ MCTOrrJeHWl, Ae'-IMT
H M P & A M Y H ~ I ~BOCIIMMTeAbHble npOLJeCCb1, 3@@eK-
~ O A ~ ~KOXM,
TMBeH npu CMAbHOM XOAOAe MAM 6 0 ~ b ~ 0Xape.
k B b r ~ o xX 3 BAM-
X e T H a CepAlJe. ~ P ~ K T H K Y er0,
X CTPeMMAMCb H ~ ~ ~ D M TOT
~ CIO-
X
A O B H ~ I X6 o ~ e kcyxoc~u
, no ~ r yCMAbHOrO
, Xapa B b ~ ~ xy,
o x 6y~y-
'-IM CBX3W C c e ~ e 3 e ~ K 0 6
C'-IMTUCII
, nOAe3HbIM n p M XeAyAO'-IHblX
~ ~ ~ O A ~ B ~ H AMu X
x oXp U B a ~ ~ oclai
, K e , ~ b l c o ~ oT ek M n e p a T y p e . x
amnm H a (~~HKLJHK n e)r I e H H M CYMTZTCX ~ @ + ~ K T M B H ~ npu
I M Ae-
'-IeHMH 6 o ~ e 3 ~ e
r~kaM3 MeAaHxoAMM. B b r ~ o xY y i i C B X ~ ~cHn o s K a -
MM, IlOAe3eH n p M 03~06e, XOAOAe, MMnOTeHLJHM. B ~ I A O X CU KOH-
TPOAMpyeT "TX ~A~DMA~~MKOB
YAJWUIZET
"', MX AeXTeAbHOCTb,
n O A e 3 e H n p M AeYeHMM p e B M a T M 3 M a ~ O C K O A ~ KCqMTaAOCb,
Y YTO
CepALJe ynpaBA5IeT BCeMM O P M l i a M M , M O X H O 6 ~ 1 O~ ~ 0
XOAMT~CII
OAHMM BblAOXOM X 3 , K O T O P ~ ICOOTHOCMACII
~ C CepAlJeM.
K ~ FK e CAeAOBaAO BblAbIXaTb C O r A X H O 3TMM WeCTU CnOCO-
6 a ~ C
? B ~ A ~ H0 H R
TeXHMKe BblAOXa O Y e H b CKyAHbI. BOT HeKOTO-
P b I e OnMCaHMII. BLIAOX C& AeAaeTWI W M p o K O OTKpbITbIM PTOM,
BOBAYX B b I n y c K a e T c n n o c T e n e H H o , TMXO, p y K a nepeA pro^ o y y -
rrJaeT TenAO. B ~ I A O XY H Bb1IlOAHXeTC.X C X a T b I M PTOM, B03AyX
BbInyCKaeTCX G~ICTPO, C H a l l p X X e H M e M , P y K a I I e p e A P T O M OIIJY-
I p e T CMAbHYIO CTPYK) XOAOAHOIO B03AYXa [25, C. 2501.A e ~ m
TOT UAM H H O ~BbIAOX, CAeAyeT llPOM3HOCMTb 3BYK, COOTBeTCT-
B Y H ) Y M ~HaMMeHOBaHMH) BblnOAHIIeMOrO BbIAOXP, T. e. W!, X3,
xy, u3fii, c d , cu.
& W C C K M HXTaBHMKM
~ peKOMeHAOBMU IIpaKTMKOBaTb O n p e -
~ e ~ e ~ cnoco6
~ b 1 B
k bIAoxa Ge T O A ~ K O&ia Ae'-IeHMx 6 o ~ e 3 ~ eHO
k,
M &Ul MX I I ~ O ~ M A ~ K T M KM
U ,X YKpellAeHMX 3AOpoBbX, &M 3aIJJM-
Tbl OT X a p b l MAM XOAOAa T ~ Kno, Y T a M H a + j A e X U O AeAaTb BbI-
AOX c&, nOCAe eAbI - BbIAOX X.3, nOCAe BMHa - TOXe BbIAOX
x3, npu xape - BMAOX xy, K o r A a XOAOAHO - B ~ I A O Xqn?.
 h r o 6 0 n b 1 ~ ~ b l iI iI p M M e p XMBy'IeCTM OIIMCilllHbIX BbIIUe A m C -
CKMX CIIOCO~OB BbIAOXa H;U[OAHM B KHMre COBBpeMeHHOrO K M T ~ G -
CKOI'O WTOpa & IIPOBepKU ~ ~ @ ~ K T M B H O C 3TUX
TM ynpaXHe-
H M OH
~ n p e A A a r a e T XeAaIOrrJUM HaKYPHTbCR TaK, ' 1 ~ 0 6 ~ 1IIOYJIB-
CTEQBaTb ce6x nAOX0, 3 a T e M CAeAaTb BbIAOX X 3 , M3rOHXR H 3 O p -
r a H M 3 M a H ~ Y M C T ~B03AYX,
I ~ a 3 a T e M BAbIXaTb ~BeXCclfi BO3AyX,
yKPenA5IX T e M CaMbIM CepAlJe.
B~IAOXX3, COI'AXHO OIIMCaHMK) B 3 ~ 0 6K H H K , A e A X T C x TaK:
CAOXMT~ c A e r K a ry6a1, 6 e 3 3 ~ y ~I I~~oM ~ H ~ C "x3", T M B~IA~IX~J
Y e p 3 POT H~'IHCT~I&B03AYX C e p A l J a 3 a ~ 3e aK~ p b I T b p O T M BAOX-
HYTb HOCOM C B ~ X HB03AYX,
~ ~ MbICAeHHO H a I I P a B M X er0 K C e p A g y .
B b r ~ o xAOAXeH 6 b 1 ~ bKOPOTKMM, a BAOX npOAOAXMTeAbHbIM. yn-
P X H e H M e nOBTOPMTb UleCTb pa3 122, C. 2091.
B AWCCKMX T'paKTaTaX p a 3 H b I X IIepMOAOB M O X H O BCTPeTMTb
MHOXeCTBO ~ p e ~ n u c a H
OTHOCHTeAbHOrO
~ k TOrO, B KaKOe Bp2MIl
H B KaKOM M e C T e CAeAyeT 3 a H W a T b C X AbIXaTeAbHbIMU Y I l p a X H e -
HMXMM. Ha~6oaeeo6ywe yKa3aHMrr CBOASITCS K CAeAylorrJeMy:
H W O O C B O ~ O A M T ~ COT
X CYeTHbIX ~ b ~ C A e f COBepIUMTb
i, OMOBeHMe,
npHBeCTM ce6x B IIOPXAOK, p a c c l \ a 6 ~ ~ b MAM P X X T e r H y T b O A e X -
Ay, YeAMHMTbCX B TMXOM IIOMeIIJeHMH, 'IMCTOM M H e 3 a I p O M O X -
A e H H bIM B e q W M , 3Ze'Ib ~ A ~ ~ O B O H M nOYMT2Tb
X, CBflrrJeHHbIe
n e. p e ~IIOrAOrrJeHMeM BO3AyXa
KHMrM M IIOMOAMTbCII ~ O X ~ C T B ~ M
~ ~be 6 e c ~ b l6apa6yJ'
cneAyeT " 6 ~ B i i 36 pa3, 3 a ~ gee n~a T b ABa-
T'pM IlpoAOAXMTeAbHblX BblAOXa ~ O C A
3TOM)
~ M O X H O IIpUCTy-
n a T b HenOCpeACTBeHHO K n O r A O y e H H r o B 0 3 A y X a A b l x a ~ e ~ b ~ b
Y n P X H e H M X 0 6 b 1 ' i ~ o COnpOBOXAaKITCX I I ~ ~ K T H K nOrAOIIJe-
o ~ ~
HMII CAIOHbI.
B KOHlJe AMHaCTMM T a H AOKTPHHa " ~ M ~ P H O H ~ A ~ HAbIXa-
O~O
HW" YTPaTHAa CBOe AOMMHMpylOIlJee BAWlHMe CpeAM IlpaKTHKOB
Aa.OCM3MZ ~ ~ c I I P O C T ~ H ~ HIIOAyllMAa
M~ TeOpMIl BHYTPeHHerO Ab1-
XaHMII, LJHPKYA5IIJHM B03AyXa B "IIOIUIX KMHOB~PH". &Ul Ae'leHWl
6 o ~ e 3 ~ ePeKOMeHAOBaACX
ii cnoco6 3 q e p X a H M X AblXaHMX, MAH
" ~ ~ I I M P ; L H M IB
I O ~ A ~ XH~a " BAOXe. &VI IIMTaHMX BHYTPeHHMX OP-
r a H O B BpeKOMeHAOBaACX cnoc06 "IIRTM ~OCTKOB": IIpoM3HeCTM
MOAMTBY, IIOBOpa'IMBaJICb no C T p a H W CBeTa M IlOrAOrrJaJI B03AYX
TPMpa3a. 0 6 p a ~ ~ ~ u r Hu ac bror, +$AS
o n p e A e n e H H o e ~ M C A O pa3:
~ M T ~ H M cepAya;
X nxTb pa3, 0 6 p a ~ ~ n m u cHba ceoep, AM n n T a -
 pa3, O ~ P ~ T M B U I HHCa~3all;54,
HMIl I l O q e K ; C e M b IIMTaHI., Aer-
KMX; AeBXTb pa3, O ~ ~ ~ T M B U IHMa CBOCTOK,
~ IIwTaHMIl n e s e H w ;
A M IIMTaHMII CeAe3eHKM ( L J ~ H V P ) IIOl'AOy;UOT B03AyX A B e H W -
LJaTb pa3. 3 ~ llpOLJeAfla
a Ha3bIBaeTcR " ~ I o ~ A o ~ BO3AyXa
~ H H ~
T M , n l T b , C e M b , AeBXTb (pa3)".
O A H OM3~P ~ ~ H O B M A H O CAblXaTeAbHbIX T~~ y n p a . l K ~ e ~ M k6 b r ~ a
npaKTuKa "~O~AOUJ~HM c oI iI l H e v s b I x ~yuek",A o n o l r m o u r a r r npo-
rJeAypy " n o r ~ o y e ~ X ~ H M wmga
A ~uI ~ X M o6pa3a c o ~ ~ g aP" ~ . HO
YTPOM H w e X a A O CeCTb UAM C T a T b AMLJOM K COAHIJY, COCPeAOTO-
WlTbCA M " ~ O ~ A O L I JCOAHe'lHOe
~T~ A ~ I X ~ H M45
~ "pa3, 3 a T e M 9 pa3
CrAOTHYTb CAIOHY H 9 pa3 n0CTylraTb 3 y 6 ~ np0LJe~ypa
~ . "no-
~ A O u J e H M I l o6pa3a COAHIJ~"3 a K n I o Y a A a C b B C A e A y I o Y e M : Y T P O M
H w e X a A O n O B e p H y T b C X H a BOCTOK, A e p X a B P y K e AMCT 3 e A e ~ o f i
6 y ~ a r u H, a K O T O P O ~ K H H O B a P b I o BbIBeAeH ~ e p o r A M @" C O A H ~ J ~ "
B H W H KBwpaTZ Ha 3 T O M o6pa3e CAeAOBaAO COCpeAOTOlrMTbCII,
s a ~ Ce~ A~O T H ~ T ero,
I nocAe vero tiwemano 9 pa3 CrAoTHyTb
CAloHY M 9 pa3 T I O C l y v a T b ~ Y ~ W M Y, A e p X U B a S o6pa3 W A H L J a B
CepALJe. Aanee, AOnOAHUTeAbHO K 3 T O M y , M O X H O IIPaKTMKOBaTb
MeTOA IlOrAOLIJeHMX COAHelrHbIX A)"4ek: pa3a B A e H b , o6ep-
TPM
HYBrUMCb YTPOM H a BOCTOK, B IlOAAeHb - K Ioy, n 0 A B e q e p B ' I a C
by - H a 3an;54. ~ O ~ A O T Mo6pa3
B K p a C H O r O C o A H y a n B B e M ero
B CePALJe, KPK ~ ~ I A
OnMCaHO
O BbIrUe, CAeAOBaAO llpeACTaBMTb, ' I T 0
M3 CePALJa K 3 y 6 m I I O A H M M W T u I AeBXTb nyek, KOTOpbIe H W O
H m p a B M T b B XeAyAOK. Aanee H w e X U O MeAMTMpoBaTb H a 06-
pa3e WHX ~ y v e i iB c e p A g e M XeAyAKe, nose vero B ~ I B O A M T~~ T M
AylrU BMeCTe C BbIAOXOM M CrAaTbIBaTb CAIoHy 39 pa3.
B ~ a A b ~ e 6 1 l 3r Te a~ I I p o r J e A y p a YCAOXHUAaCb - o6pa3 K p a C -
H O r O COAHLJa B CePAIJe H w e X a A O 3aCTaBMTb IJMPKYAMPOBaTb n0
BCeMy TeAy. n p e > l c ~ e BCerO er0 CAeAOBaAO H a l T p a B M T b B H W K H e e
"nohe K M H o B ~ ~ M " ,O T T y A a B AeByKl CTYnHIo, a 3 a T e M B n p a B y I O .
K o r ~ ao6pa3 COAHLJa IIPOXOAMA l r e p e 3 V y A b , CAeAOBaAO 3 a C T a -
BMTb er0 OCBeTMTb BCe n X T b BHYTPeHHMX OPr;IlIOB, a 3 a T e M np0-
BeCTM B n O q K M , O T K y A a n o AByM KaI-iaAaM n O A H M M a e T u I 6 e ~ b 1 k
B03AyX BO " A B O ~ ~ L J ~ M p ~ a I - i b l " ,a ' X e p ~ b I f iBO3AyX - B CepArJe.
C O ~ A ~ C H~Op y r 0 kn p O L J e A y p e C A e A O B U O KOHlJeHTPMPOBaTb
BHMMaI-iMe H a COAHIJe, ' I T 0 n o ~ o 6 ~X ok y , P a C I I O A O X e H H O M y B
rJeHTpe " ~ ~ o p Hg Ua ~ B M ~ I " .3 a ~ neo o~v e p e A n o H w e x a A o H3-
330 AAOCCKAA 'n PAKTM KA AOCTMXEHMA 6ECCMEPTMII

~ ~ M T ~O TC T X
p e X BUAOB WAHeYHOl'O BO3AyXa: q e p H O r 0 , "Tpyn-
HOrO B O ~ A ~ X ~ '6e~or0,
'; ' ' c T ~ ~ oB~
O~oA Y X ~ " ro~y60r0,
; " M ~ ~ B O
r0 B O ~ A Y X ~ " .B b ~ n y c ~ a r~r a x ~ b pa3
~ i BO3AYX.
i H W e X Z U O KOH-
IJeHTpUpOBaTbUl H a er0 IJBeTe U H;UB;HHU. 3T~
~ O C A Or0 H a 0
G ~ I A OT U X 0 M OCTOPOXHO V e T b I p e pa3a BAOXHyTb X e A T b I f i BO3AyX,
pa3a CAKIH~.
n o c A e V e r o CWOTHYT~T ~ H B C A ~ A3a ~ T H Mn p e A n H -
C b I B U O C b KOHLJeHTpUpoBaTbCX H a W A H I J e , PaCnOAOXeHHOM B
I J e H T P e ''ABopLJa H H P B W ~ I " , H IlpeACTaBMTb, 'iTO O H 0 BblXOAUT
~ e p e sma3 H p a c n o A a r a e T c x n e p e A PTOM H a P~CCTOIIHMMA e B x T u
3 a K p b l ~r A a 3 a H e H a O A r O , OTKpbITb UX U BAOXHyTb CeMb
pa3 I C ~ a C ~ b l BOBAYX,
fi 3 a T e M CrAOTHyTb T p M pa3a CAIoHy. n0CAe
3 T O r O Ha&leXZUO nOABUraTb pyKaM1.r M HOraMH, a 3aTeM IIOrA0-
4 a T b 3 e A e ~ b l GB03AYX.
H a p x ~ yC I I ~ ~ K T H K Io I~o~r A o y e H ~ W A H e r H o r o BO3AyXa,
~ a o c p
b e~K o M e H A o s a m e4e p x ~~p y m x :n o r ~ o r y e a ~ney ~ ~ o
~ o 3 ~ y x na ,o r n o r y e ~ ~-ryMaHa
e H T. A. 125, c. 374-3771.
H e ~ o ~ o p b e
l e~ p o n e i i c ~
H~c aee A o e a T e a U C K A O H H ~ Iy c M a T -
P H B a T b B 3TUX IlpoIJeAypaX IlOrAOIJJeHMR COAHe'IHOrO U AyHHOl'O
BO3AyXa 3aYaTKM r e A M O T e p a n H H U CeAeHOTepaIlUH, AOCTOMHCTBa
KOTOpbIX AWCbI OrJeHMnM eye B r ~ y 6 0 ~ 0 ApeBH0CTI.l
k [27,
c. 1451.

H e ~ p y m oJaMCTUTb, 'iTU AaoccKSle AH-AbIibIc U ABWarCAbHble yrrP-C?liUJl

u ~ e wM
r H O ~o6qem c r r p m m ~ o i iu - m u utumiiwcok koru. OAH~KO
sonpoc
0 rrpUOpUPZR K ~ K O ~ - A U U
~3
O 3 l U X llrKOA OCT- noKa UTKpblndM.
 ynpa>l<~eHMfi, KOTOPbIe PeKOMeHAOBaAMCb I l P M B e P X e H I J a M M
~ U O U M 2~y,M @ y U 1c362yH, ~ H A U H a n p a B A e H b I H a TPeHMpOBKY
c B o e r o TeAa, a T w e n p e A o T n p a y e H M e MAM A e s e H u e 60ae3~ek.
BTO 6 m a CBOelY) P O A a a e ~ e 6 FMMHaCTMKa
~ a ~ COB~~M~HH
aBTOPb1, B TOM YMCAe M MeAMKM, l l p M 3 H a l O T ee HeCOMHeHHO G-
@ ~ K T U B H OB~ YKPellAeHUM O P r a H M 3 M a , YBeAM'IeHMU er0 C O n p O -
TMBAHeMOCTM, B ~ T ~ ~ @ U A ~ K M
T AeYeHMM
M K ~ p X A a 3 a 6 0 ~ e n a ~ uB
k,
CHMXeHMM YTOMXeMOCTM M T. A. & " I ' ~ Y ~T~a T
mceR
IIOAOXU-
~ O $ ~ K3 T~ 0 kI'WHaCTMKH.
~ e A b H b 1 kI I C M X O T ~ P ~ I I ~ B T M Y ~ C K ~
H e o n e ~ ~ e ~Y oX Tkb K ) rHMHaCTMYeCKMX ynpaXI+e~ukC
A ~ ~ B H ~ ~ BUp eMM X
e H ~ ~ I AM MW a , p a c T U p a n M e , A e r K u e y A a p b I
M A p y r M e IIaCCHBHbIe ABUXeHMX rMlUeHMYeCKOr0 M ~e~e6eoro
xapamepa. MMM ~ O A ~ ~ O B ~npu
A Mn Ce p~ e y T o u e H u u , cyaoporax,
BbIBMXZ, n e p e A O M Z , PeBMaTMYeCKMX ~ O M X , KpOBOTeYeHMM.
BO B T O P ~ IIOAOBHHe XVlll B. a e ~ e 6 ~ ; v IrU M H X T M K a , I I p a K -
T M K y e M M AWCaMM, n p H B A e K A a B H M M W M e e ~ p o n e k c ~MeAM-
~x
KOB, CTOPOHHMKOB Ae'IeHMX pxAa 6 o ~ e 3 ~ enpu
k n o M o y u ABM-
XeHUX. TO MY C ~ O C O ~ C T B O B ~ CTaTbM
AM MMCCMOHePOB, XMBUlMX
B K w ~ a e ,M B n e p B y K l O Y e p e A b CTaTbX Me3yMTa O T I J a AMMO.
~ H M H ~ C T H Y ~ C ynpaX€HeHMfi,
KH~ npaKTMKOBaJ3UlMeCX AZI0C.a-
MU, BbIIIOAHXAMCb C U M , CTOX UAM A e X a ~ P M H M M ~ Pa3AMYHbIe
JI
noAoXeHMX, n p O U 3 B O p p ~ e o 6 x o ~ c l ~ ABWUeHMX,
b l e CAeAOBaAO
O n P e A e A e H H b I M O ~ P Z ~ O MAbILUaTb, BAbIXaH U B b I A b I X U BO3AyX
T a K , K a K npeAnMCbIBaAOCb KZiXAOrO K O M n A e K C a Y n p W H e -
H M ~ .
C ~ U J ~ C T B O B ~ AMHOXeCTBO
O PYKOBOACTB, B KOTOpbIX no~po6-
HO OIIMCblBaAMCb p a 3 A M ' l H b l e BMAbI rMMHaCTWYeCKMX Y n p a H e -
H U ~ OAHMM
. M3 ~ a ~ 6 o B~Z eH beI X 6 6 1 ~ 0WYHHCHMC ra0 AXHX
" U 3 y H b LU3H 6a IJ3XHb" ( " B o c e ~ b pa3AeAOB, C O O ~ ~ ~ ~ O B ~C H H ~ I
X M ~ H ~ K J " ) ,H a n w c W H o e B 1591 r. M3 6 o ~ e eP ~ H H M Xp a 6 o ~u3-
BeCTHOCTbK) IlOAb30BaACX T p a K T a T CyHCKOrO W T O p a AZI0Ca MHL
PX3HbX3HX "CUH MMH I'yk'llKM" ( " ~ ~ K o H npUpO+$bI
~ I M CyAb-
6b1").
h X Han\XAHOCTM n p M B e & e M O n M C a H U e HeKOTOPbIX ynpaX€-
H ~ H M3
M ~KOMnAeKCa "'~xYH-AM 6a A y W b LJ3HHb @a" ( " ~ A ~ c T x -
y t 4 k MeTOA ~ ~ C C M ~ P T H O I '' O
~ X Y H - A M , C O C T O I I Y M ~M3 BOCbMM yn-
PXH~HM~"). TO ~ ~ O @ U A ~ K T H Y ~ C03AOPOBMTeAbHbIe
KU~, yn-
332 AAOCCKP3I nPAKTMKA AOCTMXEHMII BECCMEPTUR

P S H e H W . B b l n o ~ ~ R m OHM
~ c s C W , HOTM AOAXHbI 6 b l ~ bClcpe-
YeHbI. ~ Hn 0
~ ~ O A O I U K U T ~ A- O CCOT~ C
~T B ~ H H O M Y
YCMOTPeHMlO.
B p e BbInOAHeHMR
~ - OT nOAyHO'4M A 0 nOAyAHR (T. e. B P M
RH) . n e p e ~Ha'faAOM y l l p a X H e H M 2 H y X H O COCpeAOTOqMTbU.
n e p ~ o ey n p a H e H w e n p e A n u c a r n a e T c q w a T a 3 y 6 a ~ nM c o 6 w p a ~ b
BO pTy CAIOHy. C O C ~ ~ A O T O ' ~ U B I U MnOCUAeTb C~, HeKOTOpOe B p t ? M
CO " C X ~ T ~ I M MK ~ A ~ K ~ M H3 a"T~e M
, , O ~ X B ~ T HPYKaMM
B KylCb-Apb
(T. e. MaKYrUKy ~ O A O B ~ I )CAeAaTb
, AeBRTb TMXMX BAOXOB H BbIAO-
XOB, 3 a T e M IIOAblLUaTb HeCAbIIUHO HeKOTOpOe B P M . n 0 C A e 3TO-
ro 24 pa3a y A a p u T b B " ~ e 6 e c ~ b l6apa6an.
k b 3 ~ 0 r oAWOHII-
M U 3 a K P b l T b YLUM, YKa3aTeAbHbIMI.I IlaAbLJaMH H u a B A M B a T b H a
CPeAHMe U 3 a T e M C O C K U b 3 b I B a T b C HMX, T e M CaMbIM YAapXR no
3aTbIAKy. Auee CAeAyeT IIOClyrlaTb 3 ~ 6 36
a pa3
~ ~M C.06pa~b
y nTp a~> K H e H M e lTOCTyKMBWMeM " R L U M O B O ~ no-
CAIOHy. ~ ~ K O H Y M
AYIUKM" (T. e. ~ Z ~ T ~ I A K ~y)K a 3 W H b I M cnoco60~,no 24 pa3a npa-
i A ~ B Opy~0fi
~ 0 fM ~ nOpO3Hb.
B~opoey n p a x H e H u e - n a K a Y u s a s r u e " ~ e 6 e c ~ o rco~ o ~ 6 a "
(T. e. mew). CO~AMHMB nAOTHO KHCTU p y K , H W e X M T IIOBOpa-
'IMBaTb rOAOBY TO B n p a B O , TO BAeBO, rhR#l n p M 3 T O M H a nAe'40,
no 24 pa3a B ~ a x ~ y CTOPOH~.
ro
T p e ~ b ey n p a > K H e H M e IlpeAnMCbIBaeT " K ~ Z H ~ I MA ~ ~ K O H O M "
(T. e. R ~ ~ I K O M36
) pa3 pTy no H E ~ Y 3, y 6 a ~ ,4e-
npOBeCTM BO
KaM, HaKZlllAMBaR T a K U M06pa30~" C B R Y ~ H H Y I O BOAY" (CAIOHY) ,
3 a T e M IlpOIlOAOCKaTb 3~0fiC A K ) H O ~36
~ pa3 P O T , a 3 a T e M Tp€%USl
I'AOTKaMM CrAOTHYTb ee CO 3ByKOM "q-q",UMMTMPYR GYPAX-
P Y K H y 6 p a ~ b ,C X a T b n A O T H 0 KYAaKM. C H O B3 ~
WepXaTb AblXa-
H u e , COCpeAOTOYMTbCX, O r H e M CepArJa 3 a e ' i b " I I o A ~ K M H o B ~ ~ M "
( ~ Y ~ B C I A H OE,lMeeTCX B BHAy H M m H e e "nohe KCIHOB~PH"). "Kor-
A a IlOYyBCTByeTe Xap B n O A e KMHOBapM, I I e p e X O A H T e K CAeAyIo-
yeMy " c. 101-107; 25, c. 4191.
y n p a x a e ~ ~ l o[17,
A a o c c ~ M eBpaYM n o A a r a A M , 'iTO H e K O T O p b I e ~ O A ~ ~M H
O XMH O
M3AeYMBaTb n O T e H H e M . ,&Ul 3 T O M OHM PeKOMeH&OBa,AM KOM-
pa3pa6o~~y
IIAeKC y n p X X ~ e H M f i " n l l ~ b XMBOTH~IX", KOTOPOrO
IIPMIIMCb1B;IlOT 3HaMeHWTOMY X M P Y P q Xya TO (11 B.), XOPOIUO
OCBeAOMAeHHOMy, KOMneTeHTHOMY B p a q y , I I O C B X y e H H O M y T a K -
Xe M BO MHOrMe AaOCCKMe C e K p e T b I .
~ O A ~ H OIlpeAnHCbIBa,AOCb
M ~ B 3aBHCMMOCTH O T e P O sa6o~e~a-
H W MCnOAHHTb OAHO H 3 y n p r u K ~ e ~ M f IIpMHIlB
i, n03y KaKOrO-AM-
60 M3 n X T H XHBOTHbIX: TMI'pa, MeABe&H, O A e M , 0 6 e 3 b ~ ~ bM
l
nTMIJb1.
~ P M B ~ AO ~~ M ~ H M :~3 a e p ~ a 803-
M C ~ H YM ~~ P ~ ~ K H ‘‘-I?)" ~ b
AyX, HaKnOHMTb B n e p e A I'OAOBy, n A O T H 0 C X a T b KYAaKM H n p M -
n03y T P ~ I ' ~ ~ ' ' .P ~ K ~ MCAeAYeT
HXTb C B M p e n y H , M MeAAeHHO n0A-
HMMaTb ~ 0 0 6 p ~ ~ a eOIp0MH)'Io
~ym TXXeCTb. n 0 ~ a
TeAO HaXO-
AMTCX B BePTHKaAbHOM IlOAOXeHMM, CAeAyeT " 3 a n e p t T b W BO3AyX,
a 3 a T e M CrAOTHyTb er0 M npOBeCTM BHM3 B ~ P I O I U H ~ IO
IlOAOCTb,
3aCTaBMB T e M CaMblM " C B X K I J ~ H H ~~~ ~
0 ~3 ~ ) ' ~
IIepeMeCTMTbCX
"
C B e p X y BHM3 M IIPOM3BeCTM B ~ P I O U I H OIIOAOCTM
~ 3ByK, no~o6-
H ~ I GI'pOMy. TO YnpaXCHeHMe npeAnUCb1BaAOCb cP,eAaTb CeMb
pa3. C u n ~ a n o c b ,YTO O H 0 IIPHBOAMT B r a P M O H M I 0 BO3AyX M IIyAbC
H IIPeAOTBPaUJaeT BCe CTO 6o~e3~eii.
Y n p r u K ~ e H M e1 6 0 6 e 3 b X ~ a "IIpeAnMCbIBaAOCb ~ e a a i bCAeAyIo-
IIJMM 06pa30~:OCT'ilHOBMTb AblXaHMe, n p H H X T b nosy 0 6 e 3 b X ~ b 1 ,
~36uparoyefic~ H a A e p e B O . P Y KCAOBHO
~ 6ar A e P X M T nAOA, cryn-
HX IlOAHXTa.. Ha n X T K e ~pyr0fiH O W IlOLWpHyTbCJI M 3aCTaBUTb
" c ~ f i I L j e H ~ b l fBi O ~ ~ Y XLJMpKyAMpOBaTb,
" YAePXMBm er0 B 6 ~ 1 0 1 ~ -
HOG K H~
nOAOCTH (O'I~BH&HO, B H M H e M " ~ I o A HOB~PM"), A 0 TeX
n O p , n O K a H e B b I C T ~ n U Tn 0 T .
K O M ~ A ~ K CqeTbIpeX BpeMeH r 0 A a COCTOMT M3 24 Y I I p a X -
H ~ H M COOTBeTCTBYIOYMX
~ , 24 C e 3 0 H a M , KOTOpble HaqMH;MMCb
I I e p B O r O M I I X T H a L J a T O r O '4MCAa K m A O r O M3 ABeHaLJaTM MeCX-
LJeB rOA& yIIpa>r<~e~MJl Ha3BmbI no H a M M e H O B m M X M COOTBeT-
c ~ ~ y m y Ce3OHOB.
ux H a n p u ~ e p ,n e p B a S l n o A o s u H a nepnoro M e -
CXLJa Ha3bIBaeTCX " H ~ Y ; M O B ~ C H ~ I "a, n e p B a R nOAOBMHa B T O P r O
MeCXLJa H a 3 b I B Z T U " n p o 6 y a e ~ n eH X ~ K O M ~ T I~XXe
K
" . Ha3bI-
B W T C X M Y n p X H e H M X , KOTOPbIe H w e X a A O BbInOAHXTb B 3TM
O l p e 3 K M B p e h e H M . B e c b KOMnAeKC n o A p a 3 & e A e H , K y O M e TOrO, H a
' I e T b I p e I'pyIInbI, COOTBeTCTBeHHO B p M e H a M r O A a
~ A W H ~ Opr'dliOM
IM T X BeCeHHMX MeCXLJeB AaOCbI CqMTaAM
nelreHb, a ee CUMBOAOM - A p a K o H . ~ A ~ B H ~o pI rMa n o M Tpex AeT-
HUX M e c x y e B c q u ~ a ~ o ccebp A y e , a K p a c H a x n m y a 6 m a ero CMM-
BOAOM. ~ A ~ B H ~OIP M
r a H O M OCeHHMX MeCXlJeB ~ ~ I AAeI'KMe,
M a
CMMBOAOM - TMl'P. ~ O P K HCqMTaAMCb I'A'dBHbIMM BO B p M I l 3MM-
HMX M e c R y e B , a a e p e n a x a , O ~ B M T M3~eeii.Co-
CUMBOAOM 6 b 1 ~ q
OTBeTCTBeHHO B K a X A O e M3 YeTbrpeX B p e M e H r O A a M AOnOAHM-
T e A b H O K OCHOBHbIM 24 Y n p a X H e H W M CAeAOBaAO BbInOAHXTb
eye Y l l P Z X H e H M R , H a n P a B A e H H b I e H a Y K p e n A e H M e O p r m a , AO-
MMHMpoBaBIIIerO B A W H O e B p M H r O A a
BOT HeCKOAbKO I I p W e p O B H 3 3 T O r 0 KOMnAeKCa ( ~ O A ~ L U H H -
CTBO Y I I ~ ~ X H ~
BbInOAHXAOCb
H M ~ CHAR).
C ~ C TCKPeCTMB
~, HOrU. 3 a ~ p b IA
~ ~b O H X M MYLUU. AOKTHP a C -
CTWMTb. A e ~ a H
~ Ub O H b I B n p a B O M BAeBO "l'p~>lc~bl no l l ~ ~ b "
pa3 ( O ~ ~ B M A H OMMeeTCX
, B BMAY, 'IT0 H a 0 AeAaTb HaKAOHbI B OA-
H y C T O P H Y nXTb pa3, pa3 B ApyI'yIo CTOPOHY, M no-
3aTeM nRTb
B T o P H T b BCe 3 T 0 TPM pa3a). 3 a ~ llOC.rylraTb
e ~ 3 ~ 6 ~ n~o &4b I -,
IlIaTb, CrAOTHYTb CAIOHy. T ~ Xe
T IIePe!lrUCMAUCb ~ O A ~ ~ OT
H MKO- ,
T O P b l X M3AeqMBaeT BblnOAHeHMe 3TOrO Y n p Z X H e H W . B AaHOM
C A P Z 3 T 0 PeBMaTM3M, X T M a , OAbIIIIKa M T. n. O ~ H C ~ H HBbI-
O ~
LUe ynpa>r<HeHMe Ha&U3K;MO BbInOAHXTb C IIXTH'd&gaTOI'O AHA
BOCbMOrO M e U L J a M A 0 KOHLJa er0.
C I l e p B O r O A 0 I I R T H ~ L J a T O r O AHR OAHHH&,$lJaTOI'O MeCXya
npe+$llMCblBaAOCb BbInOAHXTb C A e A y I O 4 e e Y n p a X H e H M e : CTaTb
n p X M 0 , KOAeHM H a n P X ' l b , PYKM OTBeCTM B CTOPOHbI U IIOOYepeA-
HO T O n a T b HOT;LMM, i i C e M b Pa3, IIOBTOPMB CMeHy H O r
~ a x ~ ono
nRTb pa3. n 0 C A e 3TO r0 IIOCTy'IaTb 3 y 6 m ~IIOAbIIUaTb,
, Cl'AOTHYTb
CAH3Hy. n e ~ e ' I M ~ A e ~MHOrMe
b1 ~ O A ~ ~ HTaKMe,
M , K a K aCTMa, Ka-
rueAa, y x y A r u e H u e spe~wx,'I~BCTBO c.rpaxa, c y x o c ~ bno p q , m e A -
T y x a M T. A.
T ~ r npo u u T a n c R ~ u ~ a i i y my aup e M AHKMX seepeii, c u a b ~ e k -
UIMM C P A M 'IeTBepOHOrMX. OHMBepMAM, ' I T 0 OH X M B e T TbICR'IY
AC, a AOCTMI'HYB B 0 3 P Z T a B IIRTbCOT AeT, AeAaeTCR 6 e ~ t . 1Kor- ~.
TH mrpa M nenen OT r u ~ y y uH o c c l n n B K a u e c T B e W y A e T a . no-
HRTHO n 0 3 T O M y , 'IT0 YnPa>KHeHWIM KOMnAeKCa " T H ~ " AaDCbl
nPMAaBaAM Ba>l<HOe 3Ha'IeHHe. y n p a . X H e ~ M e H 3 3 T O r O KOMnAeK-
Ca, Ha3bIBaBUIeeCR " T H I ~ , I l ~ b l r a J O y HB~ropax", n p e A n M C b I B a A 0
CAeAaTb 24 npbI3KKa B pa3HbIX HaIIpaBAeHUHX, B03BpaUJaHCb n p M
TOM nocne ~ a x ~ o nrpob I m K a B McxoAHoe n o A o x e e M e . ynpax-
H e H H e " T H ~BbIXOAHT M3 l I e y e p b 1 " IlPeAnHCbIBaAO IIepeABM-
I'aTbCR H a 'IeTBepeHbK'dX B I l e p e A H H a 3 W n 0 12 pa3 B KZAOM
HanpaBAeHMM. y n p a > l c ~ e ~ H e " M ~ O ~ H ~ B I I I MTMPP"
~ ~ C R PKOMeHAO-
B a n 0 CAeAaTb 24 pa3a nOApRA C T O ~ ~ KHYa py KaX, C B O ~ O A H OCOrHYB
HOrH B KOAeHRX.
A p a ~ o ~ Tya,K X e nO'IMTaBUIeMyCR K H T ~ ~ ~ I J ~ M 6 bH1, ~nOCBR-
YeH ~ p y r 0 f i~ I I e y H a A b H b ~ iKOMnAeKC,
i COCTORBUIH~~H 3 12 yn-
paxwe~nii:" ~ p a 6~ b oe A ~
~ a n m u no 3eme". ' ' A ~ ~ K O HK a q a e T
XBOCTOM", " A p TpeT ~ ~~ O A~O B ~ " , ' f A p ~~O H~T C ~H OMR"
H T. n.
C~IJJ~CTBOB~A
e4e KOMnAeKC, rAe K m A O e ynpa>KHeHMe 6a1-
A 0 H a 3 B W O H M e H e M OAHOrO M3 AaOCCKHX ~ O X ~ C T B
HAM 6ec-
C M e p H b I X M COI1pOBOXAaAOCb IIpMHRTMeM pa3AM'IHblX AeKaPCT-
BeHHblX CpeACTB, P e r J e n T KOTOPbIX IIPUBOAHACR T y T Xe. Tx, yn-
pa>r<HeHHe "AH Teryaii y K a 3 b I B a e T n y ~ b "n P A n M C b I B a A O C b ps\R
aeseHMx napanwa. ~ P H H I ~ yB c ~ o i i ~ n~o A~oom eeH M e , H u A e m a -
A 0 IIOAHIlTb I'IpaByEO p y l c y , y K a 3 b I B M em BnpaBO. B 3 r ~ mCAeAOBa- ~
A 0 H a n p a B M T b n p U 3TOM BAeBO. C a e A a T b 24 M O T K ~ ' ~ 3, X T a B M R
336 AAOCCKAII IIPAKTMKA AOCTMXEHMR EECCMEPTMH

BO3AyX LJHpKyAMpOBaTb. ~ O C 3AT O

~ r 0 CAeAaTb W a r B n e p e A npa-
oofi ~orofi.
h R WAAIOCTPaLJMM IlpMBeAeM P y e I l T " ~ o P O W K ~ npMBOAR-
,
Y e r O B r a P M O H H l 0 BO~AYX", K O T O P M ~ ~H u A e X i l l \ O nPMHMMaTb,
BbIIIOAHRR O n MCaHHOC Bbl U l e Y n P W H e H U e : CMeIIlaTb P a B H O e KO-
AH'IeCTBO ( n l > H ~ e p ~ no
o 4 r) XBO~~HW'IK
AUHAepbl,
~, IIAeypOC-
n e p M y M a , KOPHR AYAHHKa, 3rAb1, ~ ~ ~ A ~ C M HKOXJ"Pb1
O B O ~ C
~ CO-
A O A K O ~ ~C, y W e H b I M H M ~ H ~ ~
WMpOKOKOAOKOAb'lM
M , KOM (OKOAO 2
r K~~AO~ O
~ )P . M H W M C
~ T
~H~ I l R ' l e ~ ~ B0 O
f iA O ~ ~H, X T O ~ H ~ I O
H~a~
3 AOMTMKaX M M ~ M ~ R .
Y ~ ~ W H ~ H C~ M ~ ~ X
" ~H~ C T 3HC~R X~ b r yIlOAHHMaeTCR B He-
60" BblnOAHRAOCb CHAR: C A e r K a HaKAOHUBUlUCb, CAeAOBilAO p y K a -
M H O ~ X B ; L T M TKOAeHM
~ M Tonyc-
H a YPOBHe n y n K a . ~ O A H M M ~ ~
K a T b C C M A O ~I I~O n e p e M e H H O n p a B y I 0 U AeByIO HOrM AeBRTb pa.
3 a C ~ a B L l ~BO3AyX
b yMpKyAUpOBaTb, C A e A m 24 rAOTKa
B b r n o ~ ~ 3x Tx 0 Y n p a X H e H M e , CAeA0B;MO nMTb O'IeHb COAeHyIO
BOA^'^, r ~ o 6 b rBbl3BaTb pBOTy. C ~ M T U O' ICT 0~ 3, T 0 yIlpa.XHeHMe
n o M o r a m n p M IlO'Ie'IHblX KOAHKaX, ~ 3 6 a ~ 1 ~OT1 ~
e ~~ e f i .
OT ~ a M ~ e Hf iI l e C K a B nO'lKaX AaOCbI peKOMeHAOBill\M T a K X e
A p y r o e Ynp-HeHMe M3 3TOrO LJMKAP - "6afi D f i ' l ; ~ l b~ O A O ~ H O
T M T Y X B a T a e T CIMUJY". B ~ I ~ O A H R A O
OHC0~TaK: A e X a H a X H B O T e ,
C C U A O ~IlOAHXTb BBepX PyKM M HOI'H. A B ~ H ~ I J ~I'AOTKaMM
T~HJ
3aCTaBMTb BO3AyX YMPKYAMPOBaTb, 3 a T e M ABMraTb P y K a M H H HO-
PaMH ' ' T p M ~ ~ b no
1 IIRT~'' pa, COOTBeTCTBeHHO n p a ~ 0 f iH O ~ O GM
py~oii,a 3 a T e M A ~ B py~0fi
O ~ M H O ~ O ~~ .O C 3TOrO
A ~ CeCTb CTpOrO
B e p T M K U b H O , CAeAaTb 14 MOTKOB, q ~ 0 6 b 13aCTaBHTb BO3AyX y M p -
KyAMpOBaTb. n p H 3TOM YnPaXCHeHclH n P A n M C b l B ; M O C b nMTb Ae-
KaPCTBO, KOTOPOe U3l'OTOBMAOCb M3 ~ p a c ~ orAHHbI
ii H KBaCyOB,
KOTOpbIe H W O ~ ~ I A
MCTOAO'lb,
O C M e U l a T b C X O A O A H O ~B~ O A O ~ AaTb
,
OCeCTb H nPMHMMaTb.
&IAe'IeHum ~ 1 0 ~ 6 a r6o~eii
0 , B 6 p m m ~ o f in o A o c T M M B HO-
I'aX AaOCbl peKOMeHAOBill\H Y n p W H e H M e "ya0 r 0 y 3 I O CHMMaeT
CPIIOM". H w e x a A o C T a T b ~CTOG'JMBO, n O A H R T b n p a B y t O py K y ,
Kax 6a1 c o 6 ~ p m c bB A ~ S TH~a orpwy. A e ~ a r pl y K a n p M TOM CBO-
6 0 ~ C~B M0C Z T . ~ O A H H Tn p~a B y I 0 H O Y , C A e A a T b W a r B BO3AyXe.
H e o n y c ~ a r ee
l Ha 3 e ~ ~M ro T o a T b H a ~ e ~ oH io rie . 3a-
O C T ~ B W M Cc ~
CTaBMTb BO3AyX Y H P K y A M P O B a T b 16 p a . Te Xe ABMXCHMR BbI-
nOAHXh3TCR M B APYIYH, C , T O p o H - A ~ B O GP Y K O ~H ~ 0 ~ 0 6 .
,A,AR BOCCTWOBAeHMR CHA npeAnMCbIBar\CR O T B a p , n p M r O T O B -
A ~ H H ~ InGo C A e A y t O 4 e M y PeyenTy: B3RTb ll0 4r rOPM'IHMKP, n A e -
Y p O C n e p M y M a , a T p a K T M A H C a , K O p H H AYAHMKa, a p M 3 e M b 1 , AMYC-
T H H Y M a , " ~ O X ~ C T B ~ H H~ ~OK~B~X K M " , n o 3 r K a p A a M O H a , AOMO-
3
HOCa, KOpbI K a c c w n , ~ 0 6 m M ~ AOMTMKa
b HM~HPII (17, C. 112-
117; 143-160, 184, 216-2191.
M ~ o r w enpf2AIIHCaHMR M P e Y e n T b I AaOCOB OCTaIOTCII T e M H b I -
MU. H e c ~ o ~ p Hf al0 6 m ~ p ~ yAm
M T e p a T y p y , O c m e H M e 3TMX M e T O -
AOB n p e A Y C M a T p M B a A 0 H a A M q H e H X T a B H M K a , YqMTeAR, K O T O ~ ~ I ~
pa3'bRCHRA 6 ~ 1 ,K X CAeAYeT BbInOAHIITb T O HAM H H O e Ynp-He-
H u e , I l p o B e p R A O y y I I J e H M R , K O T O p b I e BO3HMKMM B p e 3 y A b T a T e MX
BbInOAHeHMII, KOHTpOAHPOBaA 06qee COCTORHHe 6 0 ~ b ~ oM
r XOA
o
AeqeHwx.
H a n ~ s ~H Xe T a B H M K a ~ ~ I AO O~ R ~ ~ T ~ MA ~B HOBA;54eHMM
O
-f &
H H b l M T M n O M I'MMHXTM'IeCKMX y n p ; u ~ ~ e ~ M i Ul Y K p e n A e H M I I
T e A a , HaKaIIAMB;1SIMR CMAbI, OBAa#?HMH ~ O ~ B ~ I HM0 M
6 0 p 0 ~ M ~ e ~ b -
HbIMM n p M e M a M M , CAOBOM, BHeWHMMM c n o c o 6 m ~ MAM
, CTWR-
MM. Aaocc~~ e
MOHaXM (KX, BnpO'IeM, M 6 y ~ ~ ~ f i c p~e rny l eu r)p -
H O TPeHMPOB;MMCb, OBAaAeBaAM Y e A b I M p H A O M n p M e M O B , KOTO-
P b I e n O M O r a A M MM B CAy'Ipe H ; ~ ~ O ~ H O C OAOAeBaTb
TH ~ M ~ H ' I ~ C K
6 o ~ e eCMAbHOrO MAW 'IMCAeHHO n ~ m C X O ~ x I I J e r OnPOTMBHMKa.
He OCTaHaBAMBarlCb 3AeCb H a 3~0fiC T O p H e A ~ D C C K OI ~I p~a K T M K H ,
n e p e i i ~ eK ~~ ~ C C M O ~ ~ ~eye
H H oI A
OH o r o cnoco6a, c n o M o y b m
KOTOpOrO AaoCbI H w e R A M C b AOCTM'Ib 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ a
1 1M,M e H H O -
c ~ K c ~ ~ A ~ HIlpaKTMKM.
o G
X 0 p o W 0 M3BeCTH0, ' I T 0 AaDCM3M H e 3anPellJaA CBOMM IIOCAe-
AOBaTeAXM-MMpRHaM H M e T b CCMblO M ~ e ~ e fMi H
. T M M H ~OTHO-
I~
WeHMH ~ l o ~ OHM
eh PaCCMaTPMBaAM B C B e T e TeOPMM U H b - R H KPK
CBII3aHHbIe C M e X W M 3 M O M B C ~ A ~ H H O
C ~BeAHKMM
~ , PMTMOM n p M -
P O A b l M IIOBTOpRWrrJMMM B e A H K O e e A M H e H M e CbiA U H b M R H , B Am-
HOM c A y ' I a e - W e A n H e H M e He6a H 3 e m u . U e a ~ 6 an p~o T M B e H
eCTeCTBeHHOMy 3 a K O H y IlPMPOAbI, IIOCKOAbKY BCe B I l P M P O A e
MMeeT c n o k c ~ A~ M
a ~ OX e H c K M e , A M ~ OM y x c K M e , T. e. OTHOCMTCII
A M ~ OK CTMXMM U H b , A M ~ OK CTMXMM RH. 6 o ~ e eTOrO, A a o C b I CYM-
T U M , ' I T 0 " S I H T W M ~ X M 3 H M C IlOMOLljbH3 U H b H RH" (UHb RH RH
umu
UL~H am), MAM " c o e ~ u ~ e ~U e M~ RH AAII ~ M T ~ M xI uI 3 -
c iH
HM" , IlBAIIeTCIl OAHMM M3 B Z X H b I X C P A C T B - HapIIAy C APYrMMH
- +$AH A O C T H X e H M R 6 e c c ~ e p ~ wA
. i a~o. c c ~ u k~ e K ~ y U b H b 1MMC-
6
TMLJM3M p a 3 D M B U C R H a ~ A ~ ~ O A ~IlO'4Be ~ T ~ ~ C K O I '0
T H OK M O6yec~-
B a , B K O T O P O M c e ~ e f i ~ b OTHOUleHMII
l e ~ ~ I AO H
A H O ~M3
~ HOPM
K O H C $ Y L J M ~ H C K OM~ O p U M , a nPOAOAXeHMe pOAa - C B R T O ~0611-
3 m H O C T b I O K Z X A O r O K M T LJa.
~ ~ H ~ Y A M B M T ~n 0A3 T~OHMO
Y, 'IT0
yXe B I ' I \ Y ~ O K OA~ P B H O C T M C y L I J e C T B O B U a O ~ U I M P H ~ARM T e p a T y -
pa, IlOCBIIuJeHHaJr n p o 6 ~ e ~HHTMMHbIX a~ OTHO~II~HM ~
AH3Ae6.
A0 H X AOIIIAM AMIIIb Ha3BaHMR HeKOTOPbIX C O Y M H ~ H M O ~. AH~K
P R A T p a K T a T O B 6 o ~ e en o s ~ ~ e B r poe M e H M COXpaHMACII B co6pa-
HMM MeAMLJMHCKMX C O ' I M H ~ H M ~ "M CMHb 4W" ( " & H O B H ~ I ~ Ae-
~ e 6 ~ b ~1~e" A I I M c ~ H u I I " ) ,COCTaDAeHHOM B KOHLJe X B. IInOHCKMM
BpaYOM Tm6a A C Y O ~ UM MBAaHHOM B AIIOHMM B 1854 r. CO-
1 eeK C T b I C T a M n p e A M e T O M MCCAeAOBaHMII K M T ~ ~ C K O ~
6 p a ~ ~ b T
yseHoro E A ~ x Y ~K R
O T, O P ~ I B~ 1914 .'I 3PKOHYMA ~ ~ ~ A M K ~ ~
K a K CaMMX TeKCTOB, T a K M P 3 y A b T a T O B CBOMX M C C A ~ A O B ; I ~ I M ~
C ~ A $M ~ ~ I ' M ~ H T o B , C O ~ ~ ~ H HE~ A3xy3e~,
I X e C T b ''Cy H I O k
143MH1' ( " K ~ t i r aquc~ofiA ~ B ~ I " ) " . C I O WH ~ I O ~LJBMH"
~ ("KHM~
T ~ U H C T B ~A ~HB H " )I", ~A ~ H
~ I~ C W W b ~ 3 ~ 1( "" K ~ u r an 0 c ~ M r I I I e -
r0 T ~ M H C T B ~ H H O ~ ""K)k ), 4a.H 6~ LJ3H3e" ( " T a i i ~ a RIIIMOBbIX
~
~ o K o ~ B " ) , a T a m e "TIIH~ AM M H IIH ~ L J ~ I I O x y m b aa ~3 +y"
("O+$aN A M K O ~ pa@ , cTu COeAMHeHMH MHb-IIH He6a n ~ ~ M A M " ) ,
H a n M C a H H a J l 60 C H H L J ~ H H ~ M6, p a ~ nop O~C A a D A e H H O r 0 T m C K O r O
n o m a 60 LJsrokn.
B n o ~ o 6 ~ b COYWHeHMRX
r x AOBOAbHO TPYAHO IIPOBeCTM YeT-
K y I O I p a H b , Pa3I'~aHMYMBaK3LIJYlQ PeKOMeHAaLJMM AXlCCKMX MMC-
TMKOB, H a I I p a B A e H H b I e H a nOMCKU 6 e c c ~ e p ~ w 1M
, AMAaKTM'IeC-
K M e H a C T m A e H u R , P r y A M p y l o r r J M e U H T M M H b I e OTHOUIeHMII A m -
0 >KMByYeCTM I I ~ A I I M C ~ HMM M
~ ~ e k ,M3AOXeHHbIX B 3TMX
T p a K T a T a X , M O X H O CYAMTb no 3aMeYaHMIO &. H H A J M0~TOM,
' I T 0 I l O n y h R p H b I e BepCMM H e K O T O p b I X M3 HHX A0 HeAaDHerO B P -
MeHu eye ~ ~ I AB M0 6 p a y e ~ ~B u6 ~ 6 ~ u o ~ e Ps~~~ HaOxC Y H K O B
MAM me n e p e A a B U M C b M3 p y K B p y K M n p M B a T H 0 . K p o ~ eTOrO,
OAMH AZWC B q 3 H A y 1 4 H a B O n p C , CKOAbKO H a P O A y C A e A y e T 3 T M M
IIpeAnMCaHMHM, OTWTMA: " B ~ P O X T H O , 6 o ~ e eIlOAOBMHbl MYXYMH
M XeHyMH CblYy~lI" 127, C. 1471.
~ A ~ B H
LjeAblO
O ~ y n p a > l c H e H M 6 AAH " I I U T ~ H M H X H 3 H M C IlOMO-
Y b l o U l l b M RH" 6 b 1 ~ 0C O X p ' e H M C B O ~ M O X H O 6 0 ~ b w e r oKOAMYC-
C T B a C ~ M ~ H HXMAKOCTM
O ~ Zj3UH, n p ~ 0 6 p e ~ eX~M
~ e~ H ~ H H
3 ~ e p nra p~H ~e p a . B ''K)H~y 3 L~~ MLJXH" ~OBOPMTCX, YTO ce-
M e H H a J i XMAKOCTb C O A e p X M T C H B C e M e H H b l X n y 3 b I p b K a X ( " ~ 0 -
B )H M m H e M " n 0 ~ eK M H O B ~ ~ M "B
M ~ x " ," K O M H ~ T ~ X "l j . 3 ~ ~ ~ 4 . U . CO-
OTB~TCTB~~OY
UXJT
~M~ X e H C K O r O O p r a H M 3 M a W~HPZTCII M e H -
C T P Y U b H a J i KPOBb. CO~AXH
n PO
eAnMCaHMHM AaOCCKMX aBTOpOB,
C n O M O u J b l o C e ~ c y a A b ~ on hp a K T U K M Ha&ieXZiAO YBeAMYWTb KO-
AMlieCTBO > L < C ~ ~ H ~ T B O P3CCeHLJMM
HO~ l j 3 U H M BCXYeCKM ~ 3 6 e r a ~ b
PaCXOAOBaTb, a TeM 6 o ~ e eYTPaTMTb er0. C Y M T ~ A YTO
OC~ ,
CMCTC-
MaTM'leCKMe I l H T a H M e CMAbI R H B M y X Y M H e 3a CYeT C u b 1 U H b B
XeHuJMHe o 6 e c n e r ~ ~ MYXYMHe
ae~ 3AOPOBbe, AOArOAeTMe 1.1 AMTH
MyX<CKOrO nOAa. COOTB~TCTB~HHO
3AOpBbR M AOAI'OAeTMH AO-
CTMl'XT > K e H y M H a , IIMTalOIIJaJi CBOlO CMAy U l l b 3a CYeT CUAbI R H
MyXYMHbI.
B ~ a o c c ~ oA Mk T e p a T y p e H e M a A O P X C K Z i O B 0 A l o M X , AOCTMr-
rUHX 6 e c c ~ e p ~e 3~y A~b T a T e
B p O B A w e H M I l T & H ~ M M CeKCyZiAb-
H0fi IIPaKTMKM. B OAHOM M3 p a C C K a 3 0 B "he CXHb ~ ~ y a ~ b
( " ~ M ~ H ~ O ~ M C WB
Mb Il A
I W y M X C H 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ b r x IIOBeCTByeT-
" )
CX 0 H ~ K O ~ 6 y 3 M , ~ 0 ~ r ~ l o u J BMHOM.
Ht0 e 6 " C A Y Y ~ OAHOMY
OC~
~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T HIIpOXOAX
O M ~ , MUM0 ee AOM2, B b l n M T b ee BMHa; B 3a-
e6 " K ~ m r yY M C T O ~A ~ B ~ IB" nXTM CBMT-
A O r Y n A a T b l O H OCTaBMA
K Z . OTKP~IB
M n03HaKOMHBLLlHCb C er0 K H H ~ O ~U ~3 M , HaLUAa B
H e 6 COBeTbl OTHOCMTeAbHO n M T a H H H X M 3 H e H H O r O n P U H L J M n a M
HHTUMHO~Ocom3a. L 4 3 ~
T&KOM nepenwcana r A a B H a r e ~3 HMX, a
3 a T e M , yCTpOMBUlllCb B OTAeAbHOM AOMe, C T U a ~ 0 6 ~ BUHOM
6 1 ~
3 a A y Y a T b T y A a MOAOAbIX nap~efiM OCTaBAXTb MX HOYeBaTb, ~ a 6 b 1
H a n p a K T M K e MCn b I T a T b K H M X H b I e I l P e A n M C Z M X . T~K
npO,&OA-
manocb 30 a e T , AHIJO ee B c e MOAOA~AO,CAOBHO ~ M A Oek T O A ~ K O
20. ~ O C MHOrMX
A ~ AeT IIORBMACR TOT Xe 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ b 1OH
i i .IUYT-
AMBO 3aMeTMA U3M: "Be3 P M T e l u r n o x ~ y m . y u k8 ~ 0 Arne C
KPbIAbRMM He Y ~ e ~T o~r ~~Oa H" a O. C T m U A a CeMbIO U nOCAeAOBa-
b r ~ . H e M O X e T CKa3Zl'b, K y A a OHM YUIAM"
A a 3 a 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~HMKTO
(11,C. 1251 . ~ ~ M ~ TIIOnyTHO,
U M YTO B 3TOM O'IpbIBKe MbI HaXO-
AUM I I O A T B e p X A e H M e CKa3;LHHOMY HaMM BblIUe 0 Y P ~ ~ B ~ I Y ~
B Z X H OPOAM,
~ KOTOPaJI OTBOAMAaCb AaOCaMU HaCTaBHHKaM. M
3AeCb X e H y M H a , O B A W e B T ~ ~ H o GH,e M O r A a CTaTb 6ecc~ep~~o
CaMOCTORTeAbHO. AMIII~n0CAeAOBaB 3 a HaCTaBHHKOM, O H a MOrAa
PaCCYMTbIBaTb O ~ ~ ~ C6 T
e cUc ~ep~e.
~P~KTHK~IOUJHM
" ~ M T % M ~XH3HeHHOrO ~ ~ u H L J M I I ~CO-
"
e A M H e H U e M UHb H R N AaDCCKMe H X T W H M K M n p e p s \ a r U M ABa OC-
H O B H ~ I Xcnoco6a: coitus reservatus M " ~ 0 3 ~ p a y e ~C u~ eM ~ H M "
(xyanb yurt).
n e p ~ b cnoco6
~ k npeanoaara MHoroKpaTHale coitus reserva-
US C H e n P e p b I B H b I M PRAOM n a p H e P O B nHT;LHMR CMAbI RH
BO3MOXHO ~ O A ~ U I M KOAMYeCTBOM
M UICb. H a ~ 6 o ~ npOCTaJI
ee npo-
g e ~ y p a~3 TpaKTaTa "K)k w n n o " ("P~KOBOACTBO AIM n u -
M O B ~ I Xn o ~ o e n " ) n p n n e A e H a B pa6o~eA. Macnepo. T ~ onuca- T
HbI IIOArOTOBMTeAbHbIe AaCKM M T e X H H K a A I O ~ O B H O ~ O
WeAUHe-
HM, roBopMTcx 06 U ~ ~ ~ B A ~OT
H U M
BCeX 6 o ~ e 3 ~ eMi in p o p s \ e H u u
X M 3 H U TOrO, K T 0 c n o c 0 6 e ~B T e Y e H H e CYTOK OCYyeCTBMTb coitus
r e S e r V a t u s H a IIpOTRXeHMM ABeHULJaTU ~ ~ n y l u r L J U kn, p U 3TOM
CAeAyeT CMeHMTb IIOCAOAOBaTeAbHO BO3MOXHO 6 0 ~ b m e e YMCA0
IIapTHePB. "EUU 3a OAHy HOqb CMeHMTb AeCRTb I I a P T H e P O B , 3 T 0
n p e ~ o c x o ~ c ~[25,
Bb1CLU;UI C T e n e H b ~ a "C. 3851.
Apyrok cnow6 ( " ~ o s ~ p a y e ~cuee~ e ~ u "~ ~) K A I O Y U C X B
Ype'Ipy. n p ~
TOM, ' I T O ~ ~BI M O M e H T 3RKylurLJMM H w a B M T b H a
3 T O M C e M e H H m CeKpeLJMR OTBOAHTCR B M O Y ~ B On ~
y 3 b I p b , OTKyAa
3 a T e M BbIBOAMTCR C M O Y O ~ . A ~ C C KIIpaKTMKH,
M~ OAHaKO, He no-
A 0 3 p e B U M 3 T O r 0 . O H M CYMT;LI\H, ' I T 0 CeMeHHyIO XMAKOCTb M O X -
HO 3 Z T a B M T b nOAHRTbCR BBepX, Y T O ~ IlMTaTb
~ I eIO M03r. ~ O ~ T O
M y 3TOT cnoc06 Ha3bIB;MCR e4e " 3 a C ~ a B b l ~cem
b W p H y T b c J l -M
HMTaTb ~ 0 3 r "( X Y U H ~ l43Ult by ~ 0 ) .
T ~ Xe,
K KaK M AbIXaTeAbHbIe y n p a X H e H M H , 0nMC;LHHbIe BbI-
IIie IIPOLJeAypbI rpe6y10~I I ~ ~ A B ~ ~ M T llOArOTOBKU
~ A ~ H o ~ M Ha-
C T ~ B A ~ HY'lUTeAR.
M ~ B H ~ ~ O A ~ U I COVHHeHMM
OM V B. M3 aHTOAO-
rMM ''K)H~LJ3M LJM IJIIH~" rOBOPMTW1, VTO IlPMCTYnaTb K 3TWM 3a-
HIlTWrM H;340 "B A e H b 6 Iry
~ a clnH IlepBOG A e K U b I MeCXLJa, K O r A a
OHM 6 y ~ COBIl;34aTb
y ~ C AHeM Zj3R-lj3bZ UIeCTUAeCXTMAHeBHOrO
LJUKAa B 'lX XMBOI'O B03AyXa IlOCAe ~ o A ~ H o V H " , I I p H 3TOM HeAb-
3R 6 b 1 ~ bIIbRHbIM, l'PI13HbIM, OTRrOUJeHHbIM nwyek, ~ 6 H0a p y -
m e H M e ~ T M X~ C A O B Un0poWae-r
~~ ~ O A ~ ~ H H . H ~ O ~ X O A H"CO-
MO
B ~ P U I ~ H HM
O ~ A H T ~ L J MOTPeUIHTbCR
~~" O T BCeX IIOCTOPOHHMX
~ b l c ~ e k
~ . O C 3AT O
~r0 " M ~ > ~ C I H H H
~ I X e H U J H H b I MOrYT fIpar<TM-
X~M ~ H M
KOBaTb MeTOA B ~ V H O p a. K T M K a 3 T a O ~ % R B A % A Xa6-
n" ~
COAIOTHO c e ~ p e ~ ~ o"ee
f i , HeAb3R n e p e A a B a T b HMKOMY, K p O M e
npah-nl~ymyble
M ~ A ~ ~ ~ J o B " . 3TOT cnoc06 B COOTWTCTBMM C
IlpaBUAaMM, 6 y ~ bTO AmAM MOAOAble HAM C T a p b l e , 06pe~anu
3 H e p r W k 0 , CTaHOBMAMCb CHAbHblMH M 3 A ~ p o ~ b ~ ~C. ~ " [25, 386;
19, c. 1991.
B IlepMOA IIpaBAeHWl AMHaCTUU T a ~ M A HUlMPOKO PXnpO-
CTpaHeHbI pa3AM'lHbIe PyKOBOACTBa, IIOCBRUJeHHbIe C e K c y a b H b I M
BOIlpoCaM. HanMCaHHbIe B A O T a C K O e H B TaHCKOe B P ~ ~ v M . C ~ ~ A
nOCAeAHl4X 3;U)AyXMBaeT YIlOMMHaHHX M ~ A M L J W H C K MT~ a K T a T
M3BeCTHOrO AaOCCKOl'O B p a Y a C y ~ Cb1M5IoM
a (601 -682) ''URH~
9 3 H H b R 0 @ a H P ' ( ' ' ~ ~ c L J ~ H pHe ~~ I~~e n ~ b l "B)n, e p B b l e HaIIe'laTZlH-
~ b ~ Bi i 1066 rony M n e p e ~ 3 ~ a ~ ~B b1307,
1 k 1544 n 1604 rr.
C I l e L J M 2 l A b ~ b l kpa3AeA T p a K T a T a 6 b 1 ~nOCBR!yeH "3A~pomkno-
A O B O ~>KMJHM". B B O C ~ & ~ L J ~ T~ C
X~T R X p a 3 A e A a =TOP ~s~aran
PeKOMeHAaLJMM, B rJeAOM C O B I I ~ a l O U J M eC I I P e X H M M H PYKOBOA-
CTBaMM. E c T ~ , OAHaKO, H HOBble 3AeMeHTbI. T ~ KC, y ~ Ca b l h M 0
o6payae~BHMMaHMe H a AOCTMXeHMe M Y X ~ M H OC~O p O K a AeT,
CYMTaJl 3TOT B O J P X T IIOBOpOTHblM IIYHKTOM B C ~ K C Y ~ X
~MH3 -O ~
HH M ,$AX @ M ~ M V ~ C K O COCTORHHR
~O B LJeAOM. " K o r ~ aM y X l r M H a
AOCTMrXT COpOKa AeT, OH BAPyI' 3ZlMe'IaeT, YTO er0 IIOTeHLJMX
YMeHbUIaeTCX ... ~ ~ H - L CKa3a.A:
J ~ Y u h e q e ~ OAHOrO
~ e VeAOBeKa 3a
CYeT A p y r O r O - ' BOT MCTMHHOe A e ' l e ~ M e * " [ I9, C. 1931 .
AAR A O C ~ I K C H M XT O ~ Ome z + + e ~ ~" am s ~ p a y Ce ~~M~~ H~ M "
C y ~C
b ~IMX O
nPe&iaraeT HaC\aBAMBaTb H a aKyIIYHKTYPHYIO TOYKy
?ZU?iZ3U, KOTOPaR HaXOAMTCR B OAHOM ~ ~ BblUIe
C IIpaBOrO
? COCKa.
B n o c ~ e ~ ~YXTM
eii pa3Aena ronopwcx o 3anpe~ax.H a n p ~ ~ e p ,
A M TOrO, V T O ~ H
~ I3 6 e X a ~ b~ ~ C ~ A O A MpeKOMeHAOBaAOCb
R , XeH-
q u H e o c T e p e r a T b c 9 PTYTM, a M y x w H e - OAeHbero xwpa [19,
c. 196, 1971.
Mar P X C M O T P e A M H e K O T O P b I e HaCTaDAeHMR AaoCCKMX ~pa~ek
M y u c l ~ e ~ eB
k ,KOTOpbIX C e K C y a A b H b l e OTHOrUeHMR P a C C M a T P M B a -
AMCb K a K CpeACTBO IIpOAAeHUA XMBHM, AOCTMXeHMtI 6ecc~ep-
TMR. O H M H e MMeAM LJeAblO 0 6 3 a ~ e ~ e ITOTOMCTBOM.
~ u e OAH~KO
npoAoAxeHMe poAa, poXAeHwe +je~eii
~ ~ I A OK a, K y;Ke oTMeYa-
AOCb BbIrUe, o ~ R ~ Z U I H O C T ~ KK)m A O r O U e H a HOHXTHO,
o6yec~~ a
YTO AaOCCKMe TpZlKTaTbI H e MOTAM I I ~ ~ T
M H
W O CTOAb CYLLJttCT-
B ~ H H OC T
~ O p O H b I c e ~ C y a A b ~ 0 IIPaKTMKM.
6 OHMAOAXHbI ~ ~ I A M
O ' t ' p e r y A M p O B a T b HaMeTMBLUeeCH HeCOOTBeTCTBMe Me>K&y ITpOLJe-
A y p a M M , P e K O M e H A y e M b I M M AAR AOCTUXeHMR ~ b l ~ I J l q IJeACI
fi Am-
CM3MP - ~ ~ C C M ~ P T HH
R , ITpOLJeAypaMM, H ~ O ~ X O A M M ~ AAR
~MH
IIpOAOAXeH191 P O A a B TpaKTaTaX "AYHC l O a H b LJ3bI1', "Ofi 0'aI-l
6~g3roe"rOBOPMTCR, ' I T 0 IIOCKOAbKY ITpM COeAHHeHMH UHZ, M RH
B p e 3 y A b T a T e 3RKYIUILJMM YTPaYMBaeTCR XCeHLJMR RH, T O ee H u -
A e X M T KOMIIeHCMPOBaTb 3a CYeT BITMTZUIHR 3CCeHIJMM UHb. T~K,
X ~ A ~ I O U J 0M6 3~ a s e c ~ u c bIIOTOMCTBOM A a o C A O A X e H 6 b 1 ITpeABa-
~
P M T e A b H O YBeAMYMTb CBOlO 3CCeHIJMIO H a t T O A b K O , ~ ~ 0 6 bP X
l XOA
ee H e H W e C e M y B p e A a , H e YKOPOTMA CPOK XM3HM. ~ ~ H - I JYKa-
~ Y
3bIBaA, YTO H ~ O ~ X O A U MITMTaTb
O 3CCeHIJMlO M A b I X W M e , 0CTep-Z-
r a T b C X ' ~ X T O3RKyARYMM,
~ AAR 3aYaTMR pe6e~~ a
BCTyITaTb B MH-
T M M H ~ H ) C B X J ~AULUB .rep3 T M - l r e ~ a r p e AHR n o c A e 3 a n e p m e ~ ~
M e H C ' t ' p y a A b H O r O IJMKAP. M~A~YM
P OKX, A ~ H H ~nIp~M~ 3TMX YCAO-
BMRX, 6 y ~ He W~e A e H T a A W T O M , AOAI'OAeTHeM, M3BeCTHOCTbK).
ECAM Xe IIORBMTCR AeBOYKa, T O O H a 6 y ~ ~e y~~ p f~ i0 ,6 ~ 0 A e ~ e ~
HOG, B ~ I ~ A3 a~M Ty X 3 a 3 H a T H O r O .
B "mk + a H ~ M I J ~ K E " n p M B e A e H C A ~ A Y I O Y M AMaAOr~ Me>I<Ay
> K ~ A T ~ IMMM l l e p a T O p O M M Y M C T O ~A~~ B O ~" :n p a ~ ~ ~ b ~ ITyTb b l f i
3 a K A W V ~ T C RB T O M , 9 ~ 0 6 H ~ e1M 3 B e P P a T b C e M e H H M COXPaHMTb
ero. K ~ K H y X H O M 3 B e P r a T b C e M , ' 1 ~ 0 6 ~ 1 0 6 3 a 5 e c ~ ~ cpbe 6 e ~ -
KOM?" - C n p o c M A > K e ~ ~ b I M i i M n e p a T o p y ~ U C T OAeBbI.
~ Ha 3 T 0
O H a OTBeTMAa TaK: " H ~ O A M H ~ K3O
T 0BAAR
O CHAbH bIX M C A ~ ~ ~ I X
AAR MOAOAbIX M C T a p b I X . K a > ~ ~ b M
l 6y X Y M H a A O A X e H P e F j A M P O -
B a T b M 3 B e y X e H M e COOTKTCTBeHHO C B O ~ GX M ~ H ~ H
C MH
A ~O
". ~ Aa-
Aee Y M C T ~A e s a n e p e r c r c l l r r e T BO~MOXHOTM ~RKYARLJMM
MYX-
YMH Pa3AMYHOrO B O 3 p X T a : CMAbHbIe M y X Y M H b l ABwLJaTM AeT MO-
IYT MMeTb 3IIKyAIIIJMH3 ABa>KAbI B A e H b , a c ~ a 6 b 1 e- OAMH pa3;
COpOKar\eTHMe - OAMH pa3 B I p M HAM B W T b I p e AHII ( B 3aBMCU-
MOCTM OT ~ A O P O B ~ R ) ;IllTMAeCIITUAeTHMe - OAHH pa3 B IlIITb
HAM B AeCIITb ~ H e k UleCTMAeCXTUAeTHMe
; - OAMH pa3 B AeCXTb
MAM A B a L J a T b ~ H e k ceMM&eCXTMAeTHMe
; - OAMH pa3 B MeCIIIJ, a
c ~ a 6 b r eH e AOhmHbI BOBCe T e P I I T b XCeHLJUIO. C YBMHAO-
A ~ O AH3
IIOAHIIeT: "Mymuu~aM O X e T n03BOAMTb ce6e M 3 B e p r a T b CeM5I
B ~ C H O ~ ~
OAMH pa3 Ka>KAbIe T p M A M , AeTOM M OCeHbH) - A B a pa3a
B MeCIILJ. ~ H M O ~
CAeAyeT BOBCe B 0 3 A e P X a T b W I OT ~ T O ~ O " 119,
c. 146; 25, c. 3831 .
B 6 o ~ e enO3AHMX COYMHeHHIIX, H a n p M M e p , B "Cy Htok M O
AYH~"( " C O K ~ B ~ PHX CHY X~ AIe ~
HHII ~ U C T O
~ e~ ~ b l " )HallWCaH-
,
HOM n p u M e p H o B 1500 r., O n M C a H H m urblrue npoyenypa "~03-
B P a Y e H M X C ~ M ~ H H 'Ha3bIBXTCII
' " ~ ~ C T ~ D>KeATYIO
M T ~ P e K y TeYb
B C ~ I I T ~ ("X y a H x 3 H u h l o ) .
E o n b u r e 3 H a q e ~ AaOCCKMe
~ e PeK0,MeHAaIJMM YAeluIAM ~ b 1 6 0 p y
I I a p T H e p o B . 3aYaCTYICI 3TM yKa3aHMII ~ ~ I AYpe3Bb1YafiHo
M llpoTM-
BOPeYMBbI, HO BCe CXOAMAMCb B TOM, YTO H W e X M T ~ 3 6 e r a TeX,
~ b
K T 0 C a M 3 H X T IlPOLJeAYPY. C ~ L I J ~ C T B ~C'IMTaACII
H H ~ I MB 0 3 P X T -

~ a u 6 o ~ OIlJYTMMa
ee n O A b 3 a OT AeByUleK 14- 19 AeT. > K ~ H Y M H ~
CTapIIIe 30 AeT CYMTaAXb ~ e n p M r o ~ ~ oPfa Bi ,H O K a K M X e H r r J M H a
MAaIlIe 30 AeT, HO M M e I 0 y a . X p e 6 e H ~ a OAHU
. mTOpb1 peKOMeH-
e p o n , Apyrue H e CYMTW
A ~ W Tn b 1 6 n p a ~ bK ~ ~ ~ M nBa p~. rIH X TO
CyYeCTBeHHbIM. B HeKOTOpbIX peKOMeHAaIJU5lX npMBOAMTCII ge-
~ a ~n ie pi e q e m C B O ~ C T BM K a q e c T B o , H a n M q u e K O T O P ~ I XX e A a T e A b -
HO, a T a m e n e p e Y e H b HeAOCTaTKOB, 0 6 A a , 4 a T e ~ b ~ M KOTOpbIX g
CAeAyeT w 3 6 e r a ~ b . C O ~ A X H
' ~O~ccM~QI'HoM
n a~
TpMapxy n3H-
I33y, H a 0 ~ 0 6 A t o ~ a T Ibp M 3 a n p e U J e H W I : HeAb3II ' ' I ~ H T ~ TX ~M 3 -
H e H H b l k npMHLJMn C IlOMOrrJbICI UHb M RH" BO B p e M A ~ O A ~ I L I M X
A M B H ~ CMAbHOrO
~ , NIpa, V O M a M M O A H U ~ ,3 a T ~ e H M k1.1 3 e M A e -
~ p ~ c e ~- i 3anpe-r He6a 3 a I I p e ~Y e n o n e K a - n p M OIIbII-
u i TO
HeHMM, OTIIrOrrJeHMM yek, ' I p e 3 ~ e p H o kpZ&$OCTH UAM IpyCTM,
6 y ~ y ~B crrpaxe
u MAH r H e B e . 3 a n p e ~3 e m u n p e A n M c a I n a n u 3 6 e -
ram M e c T , r A e e c T b ropa, p e K a , a A T a p b 6ora ~ ~ M A Mo y, a r . Hapy-
I T , s a ~ a ~ b npw
m u n u c l e ~ T Ma a n p e ~ b r~ ~ ~ O A ~ I aCAeTM, r e TOM, no-
~M~HYC T .Y ~ ~ C T B OAHM, B~A B HKOTOPbIe 3 a n p e y a ~ o c bI T p X T M -
KOBaTb " ~ M T ~ HXHM ~ ~ H CBIMX' ~ ,YMCAe AHM Lf3RHb, no, W ,h H ,
nOCAeAHMe AHM AYHHOI'O MeCIILJa, IUeCTb A ~ e aU?i
k H IlleCTb AH~G
~ U H n, I I T H a l J a T b A H ~ GnepeA 3MMHMM M AeTHMM PaBHOAeHCTBM-
e M , AHM CMeHbI qeTbIPC?X B p e M e H I'OAa, U U ~ C T H ~ L J ~ TAeHb
~ I ~ IIX-
T o r 0 MeCIILJa, KOrAa COeAMHXloTCX He60 M 3 e m .
M H O ~ O ' I M C AHaCTaDAeHMII
~ H H ~ I ~ OTHOCMTeAbHO ~a16opa
nap-
H ~ ~ O
M MHOXeCTBO
B 3 a n p e T O B B 3aBMCMMOCTM OT B P M e H M rOAa
M +a3b1 A ~ H ~~CAOBMG
I , n o r o A b 1 M a c ~ p o ~ o r u q e c ~C oMi iT ~ ~ M03-
M
H a q U M , q T 0 6 ~ a r o n p ~ 1 1 ~ ~CAyqaM
b l e A M C0eAMHeHI.M UH8 M XH
H e MOFAM 6 b 1 ~ bCAMUUKOM qaCTb1MI.I. O A H ~ KBCe
O 3TM 3 a I l P T b I
6b1~t-i 06II3a~eAb~b l
,b,AA TeX, KT0 CTPeMUACX AOCTMqb 6ecc~ep-
TMII, M H e C O ~ A H ) + $ M M CB~ CeMbRX, B KOTOPbIX H e CTaBMAM T~KOG
LJeAM. M e m ~ yT e M V M T e A b A ~ H - C H ~ WB~ CBOeM
' ~ PyKOBOACTDe
IIpeAnMCbIBZU c 0 6 ~ m ~ aIlpaBMAbHyIo
~ b KOCMMVeCKYIo OpMeHTa-
LJMIo M 6 ~ a r o n p ~ B~p ~e M~ &
oMe C0eAMHeHI.M UH8 M XH. T~K,
B ~ C H O
H ~W~e X U O AOXMTbCII ~ O A O B OH~a~BOCTOK, AeTOM - Ha
mr, oceHbm - H a s a n a , a JMMOG - H a c e B e p . . Y ~ T H AHM
~ I ~ Me-
w
CIILJa A Y H - C I Q W ~ n0AaI'a.A H ~ ~ A ~ ~ O ~ ~ W T T HCeKCyZUbHOrO
~ I M M
aKTa, a HeqeTHbIe - ~ A ~ ~ O ~ ~ M X T H~ ~OI AMOMX. M T ~ A ~qaCb1,
H ~ I ~
T. e. BpWvi.5l OT IlOAyHO'IM A 0 llOAyAHII OH C q H T U 6 ~ a r o n p 1 . ~ ~ ~ b
MU, a OTpMLJaTeAbHbIe, T. e. B p e M OT nOAyAIUl A 0 nOAyHOqM -
BpeAHbIMM. C ~ M ~ I 6Mn M
a r o n p w 1 ~ ~ bCPOKaMM
1 ~ ~ OH C'IMTU: BeC-
H O AHM,
~ OTHOCXLZJMeCII K n e P B O 3 A e M e H T y " ~ e p e ~ 0(T.
" e. AHM
Y ~ X - U ) , AeTOM AHM, OTHOCIILIJMeCII K n e p B O 3 A e M e H T y "oI'oH~"
(T. e. AHM 6un-hn), O c e t I b m - AHM, O T H o c H y M e c x K nep~ome-
MeHTy "M~TW" (T. e. AHM 2 3 H - C U H ~ ) , BMMOG - AHM, OTHOCII-
UJMeCII K n e p B 0 3 A e M e H T y BOA^" (T. e. AHH m3Hb-2@) [19,
c. 133; 25, c. 4001 .
H apIIAy C OnMCWHblMM BbIIIIe P e K O M e H A q W T M M AaOCOB OT-
ypZlBHeHMR B O ~ A ~ X (WYM
~ " ZjU W 3 H b UJ7) MAM " C O ~ A M H ~ H H ~
B O ~ A ~ X(~ ~ 3 XYHb ZjU).
" ZjU, OHMnPaKTMKOBaAMCb CO 11 B. IIO
VII B. A O B O A ~ H Oruupo~o.I43 T p a K T a T a "CRO~ a ~o y ~ b("OC- "
M e R H M e A ~ O C U ~ M ~ "HaIIMCal-IHOrO
), B C e p e A M H e VI B. q X 3 ~ AY-
b
W e M , nOKMHyBWllM AOHO AaOCM3Ma M n e p e I I I e A I U U M B ~ ~ A A M ~ M ,
y3H%M, ' I T 0 ~ ~ C T M B Z AnM
p e A H a 3 H a ' I a A M C b AA5I O ' I M Y e H W l , "1.13-
6 a B a e ~ mOT rpexa" (UU w@),X I ~ O B O A H A LHOVbIo
~~ B nOAH0-
AyHue M HoBoAyHue, nocne onpeAeAeHHoro n e p u o A a n o c T a LJe-
PeMOHMR I I p e A y C M a T p M B a A a p M T ) ' ; ~ b ~ b l k
TWeIJ, KOTOP~IG Ha3bi-
BaACR " H ~ B M B ~AIp a K O H a M M V b I T M r p a " M 3iLK;UIYMBaACII M e p O r a -
~ u e k XOTR
. nocAe VII B. @ e c ~ w ~ a yxe
eii B ,~
He ~ ~ I A O aocc~wx
MOHXTbIpRX 3Ta IlpaKTMKa CyyeCTBOBaAa BnAOTb A0 XI -
XI1 BB., a CpeAM H ~ K O T 'IaCTM
O ~ ~ MMPIIH
~ - BnAOTb A 0 H e A m H e -
r0 B p e M e H U . T a ~ uX M B p e C T b 3~0fiTpWMIJMM M O X e T 6 b 1 ~ b
06.nnc~e~ a
IIOMCKaMM 6eccMep~wRc I , npanu-
, o ~ ~ oCfT iO ~ O H ~ M
16
AaMM c ~ K c ~ ~ A rMrMeHb1
~ H o ~ B IlOAMraMHbIX CeMbRX - C APy-
rok. M B TOM M B A P y r O M C A P % AaOCCKMe HZlCTaBHMKM Bb1CT)'na-
AM B p 0 A H ~ a ~ 6 0 KOMneTeHTHblX
~ee COBeTYMKOB M PYKOBOAMTe-
~ek.
A a O c b 1 npM3HaBaAM MCKAKl'IMTeAbHyKl B Z X H O C T b POAM X e H -
Y M H b I B AOCTWKeHMM 6onee
6ecc~ep~m , TOrO, OHM AOnyCKaAM,
'IT0 M X e H y M H a , OBAa&eBLLIaR T ~ ~ H ~IlMTal-IwI
M M X H 3 H M C IIOMO-
H O ~ CYY~CT-
YbSO UHb M JW, BnOAHe M O r A a AOCTM'Ib K O H ~ ' I LJeAM.
BOBaAO H e M U O XeHILJMH-AaOCOB, 3aHMMaBUIMXCII nOMCKaMM 6ec-
C M ~ P T M R . OAHOG143 HMX n o c B f i y e H a o A a X m b IOx. H a ~ o ~ e r ) ,
CaMa C M B ~ H BMA ~a b,l q M I J a 3ana,&l, C O r A X H O MHOrO'IMCAeHHbIM
A e r e H A a M , AOCTMrAa6 e c c ~ e 6p ~~a r~o~~ a pMMeHHO n TOMY, q T O
n M T a n a CBOW c u y u n b 3 a c q e T c u b 1 nn.

O n M c a H ~ b r eBbI W e c n o c o 6 b 1 AOCTWKeHMR 6 e c c ~ e p ~ un pxe A -

noAaranu, YTO n p a ~ ~ u ~ y l o rnocss
y ~ ey i u ce6x
~ ~ yeAnKoM H
nOAHOCTbKl K O H ~ ~ HLJeAH,
O ~ &Ul AOCTWKeHHR K O T O P O ~ ~
OHM H e
X W e I O T HM CMA, HM B p e M e H M , M XOTR W4 H y X e H ~ y ~ p b 1 H
f ai -
CTaBHMK, O C H O B H O ~Y~A O p AeAaAcR H a C O ~ C T B ~ H HC ~
WIb~I w
TOrO, P T O ~ ~ I
COBePLUeHCTBOBaTb C O ~ C T B ~ H H Y H )APMPOAY, KOTO-
pax, K a K ~ ~ M A~ aMo c b 3~ a, ~ o m e B~ K
a-OM ueAoneKe ~ 3 ~ a v a ~ b
HO M A m a e M y H e 6 o ~ AAXWMR
. - e y e OAMH C A O C O ~ ,I I P ~ K T M -
K O B ~ B I L I M ~ ~ C R . A ~ D C ~ MBMAOMCKaX 6 e c c ~ e p w rM p a 3 ~ e M B I U u 6 c R
H a Aria HanpanneHux, p e s ~ oO T A M ~ ~ B I U M X C X OAHO OT Apyroro.
OAHO3 m M M a A O C b COBePIlIeHCTB0BWMC.M I I P H P O A b I 'leAOBeKa,
" B ~ I I I A ~ B A ~ H M ~IIMAIOAM
M" ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ BT TM
e ARe C W O r O ' l e A O B e K a
M I I p M M b I K a A O T e M C a M b I M K p a 3 p R A y MeTOAOB M IIpOLJeAyp, OnM-
C a H H b I X BbIUIC.("BH~TP~HHIIX IIMAKIAx" (H32 a a ~ b ) ,T. e. IIM-
A I O M , BbI IIAaBAeHHaJI BHYTPM ~ e ~ aApyroe
.) HaIIpaBAeHMe 3 W M -
M W O C b BbIIIAaBAeHMeM MAM IIpMl'OTOBAeHMeM A e K a p C T B M3 p a -
AM'lHbIX ~ X T ~ H
M eM
T W~
O B,, M M H e p W O B , K O T O p b I e H W e X a A O
IIPMHHMaTb A M IlpOAAeHMR X M 3 H M M 06ecne'le~m~ e ' 4 ~ 0MO-
6
AOAOCTM; 3 T 0 "BH~IUHIIX A M A I O M " (6U6 aaltb), T. e. IIMADM,
KOTOPYIO I I p M r O T O B W M , a 3 a T e M BBeAM B O P r W M 3 M .
Cy y e c ~ n y eo ~r p o ~ ~ aAmM T e p a T y p a , nocna y e H H a R paAnr-
H b I M X I I e K T a M aAXMMMM, C O A e p X a 4 a X I I e p e q H M 3AMKCMPOB 6ec-
C M e p T W I , PerJeIITbI MX IIpHrOTOBAeHMR M YCAOBUR, co6~10ae~~
K O T O p b I X ~ I I A O H ~ O ~ X O A M M AAR
O OCYYeCTBAeHMII K O H ~ ~ HLJe-
O ~ ~
AM, AOAyVeHMII A e K a p C T B a Ha~6oaeeP W H M M M M3 COXI)aHMB-
UIMXCX X B M K I T C I I T P a K T a T b I ' ' L J ~ ~ - T ~ H L J MB3fi
" ~ O R (11
H ~B.) M
"6a011y-g3b1" r3 X y H a (HaqaA0 IV B.). B 3TMX CO'lMHeHCZIIX,
CTaBUIMX CBRUJeHHbIMM K H M l ' W M CTOPOHHMKOB AXJCM3Ma, APO-
C A a B A e H H b I e Y'lMTeAR H X T a B M A M CBOMX COBPeMeHHMKOB IIO Ca-
M b I M P Z A M P H b I M B O n p O C a M , B T O M qMCAe M I I 0 B O n p O C a M BbI-
nnan~eswrr" nnAmAu 6 e c c ~ e p ~BHYTPM
~x cBoero O P ~ ~ H M ~ M
p m H 0 K a K M O TOM, M3 KaKMX BeUJeCTB M K a K BbIllAaBAIITb
BHeIUHIOIO IIMAIOAIO", ~ a ~ 0~ fC i) C ) ~ KM-OXHO
T O X M A a T b OT IIHAIO-
AM, " B ~ I A A ~ B A ~ H H O
M3~ ~T "o r 0 MAM H H O r O MCXOAHOrO B e Y e C T B a .
O C T ~ H O B M M C I I H a P a C C M O T P e H M H B H y T P e H H M X C p e A C T B MAM
CpeACTB " B ~ I ~ A ~ B A ~ B H RY T ~ ~ HIlcu\IOAM".
H M H ~ ~ B3h L i o x t r C'IMTaA
MX TA~BHLIMM, a n o r ~ o q e n~e K~aep c T n ($a5 a a n b ) - Aononaci-
TCAbHbIM CpeACTBOM.
CTO~OHHMKM B H y T P e H H M X CPeACTB B CBOMX COqMHeHMIlX
y n o ~ p e 6
M H~
O X~e C~
T B~ O T e M H b I X BbIpa>l<eHM6, M H O C K ~ ~ ~ H M
3 a q X T y I O TePMMHOAOrMII Y HMX 6 b 1 ~ pa a 3 A M q H U , n03TOMY n p a K -
T u K y r o y M e H e MOrAM O B A a e T b 3TMM C ~ O C O ~ O B M e~ p e ,
M~ O A H O
M3y.la.H TpaKTaTbI, a AOAXHbI ~ ~ I A nOAy.lMTb
M ~ e o 6 x o ~ w ~ b 1
pa3'bRCHeHMII OT HaCTaBHMKa. B O ~ Y M X'4epTa.X n p a K T M K a 3aKAIO-
'IaAXb B BbInAaBAeHMM "T~X A ~ W O L J ~ H H O C T ~ ~ ~ "M
, AW "Tpex
IJB~TKOB":CeMeHM ( Z ~ ~ U H ) , BO3AyXa ( z j u ) , M O 3 r a ( W 3 H b ) , MHaqe:
X M B O T H O ~ ~CMAb1, X M ~ H ~ H H CMAbI,
O ~ A y X a n p 0 I J e ~ y p anpeAyC-
M a T P M B U a , DO-IIepBbIX, COXPaHeHMe 3TMX A ~ ~ ~ o I J ~ H H M,
o c T ~
B O - B T O ~ ~ I Xnonomesue
, MX. A a o c b ~pa3~usanug u n , z j u M ~ 3 x 1 ,
"MCTMHH blel' M " o ~ ~ I ' I H ~ I ~~"O. H X T H O , q T 0 Alur AOCTcuKeHWl
e q b MOrAa MATW TOAbKO 06 " M C T H H H ~ I XA
6 e c c ~ e p ~pm ~~paroyeH-
HOCTIIX. BTO M 3 H a q U b H b I e 3AeMeHTbI IIeAOBeKa, er0 IlpMpoAbI.
" B b ~ n ~ a B u n zj3UH,
" MOXHO nOAy"4MTb zjU, "Bb1nAaBHB" zjU - no-
Ay"4MTb W J H b , " B ~ I ~ A ~ B CW3Hb
IB" - BePHyTbCIl B nyCTOTY, a Bep-
HYBIUMCb B ITyCTOTY, C4XAMHUTbCSI C aa0. O c ~ a 6 ~ e Xe ~uM e MC-
r e 3 ~ o n e ~M
u Xe n p n n d ~ uK ~~ O A ~ ~M H u o B e K a K ~ xKe
r ~M 6 e q~e A
PeKOMeHAOBaAM AaoCbI W X p N T b M llOII0AHIITb t43UH, zjU, W 3 H b ?
C o x p a H e ~ n e~ U nH
oApa3yMenao ~ o s ~ e p x a ~OTwpampa-
e
YMBaHMII er0. 3 ~ e c HMeIoTCII
b B BMAy PeKOMeHAaLJMM ~ M c T oAe-
~ ~
BLI, A~HCIOWII,
aT a m eC y ~ CLIMIIO,
b npeAnwcaIeamywe onm-
M;MbHble BaPMaHTbI M 'IXTOTHOCTb B 3aBMCWdOCTM OT B O 3 P X T a .
~ O ~ O A H X T ~
lJ3MH ~ a u 6 0 ~ ~e@e @ ~ K T M B HC'fMTUOCb
O C nOMOYbIO
npaKTMKM,
C ~ K C ~ U ~ H O ~IIMTaHMII SZH 3 a CqeT UHb. H e ~ o ~ o p b t e
CTOPOHHMKM AaOCM3Ma ~ ~ I AnpOTMB
M 3TMX npOLJeAy", C'IMTaJI MX
~ ~ ~ H ~ ~ B C T B ~ HOHM
H ~ I PeKOMeHAOBUU
M U . IIOAaBNITb HM3MeH-
~ b x e~A aeH u x , H e n e p e y ~ o r~ ~~a sba ,yrun, c e p A y e , H e r H e -
BaTbCII, H e AOnyCKaTb BCnbImeK P q O C T M , T. e. 6 b 1 ~ b6ecc~pac~-
HbIM M HeBO3MyTMMbIM. P ~ K O M ~ H A O B ~ A
eCTb
O C ~KlpOCTylO n M y y ,
n o 6 o ~ b r u e~ P Y K T O B , onoyek, H e nMTb BMHa M OTKa3aTbCII OT
npunpan M cneyufi. K p o ~ Te o r o , MOXHO 6 ~ 1 n~o n0 o A m T b zj3Un,
" B ~ I ~ A ~ u A I I IljU, e, 3aHMMUCb ~ M M H X T U K O ~M AbIXaTeAbHbI-
I " T.
MM ynpa>KHeHMRMM. AM "B~I~A~BA~HM
M3Ha'lUbHOrO
II" gU7i
" n p e x ~ e r o~ e 6 a " s, a n o x e ~ ~ o Br oqeAoBeKe H ~ ~ o nM , nMcbI-
peA
BaAOCb OTpeUlMTbCII OT BCeX ~ b t c h e f i nOvY3MTbCII
, B KOHLJeHTpa-
IJMIO M MeAMTaIJMIO. A 3aTeM, B npOIJeCCe MeAMTarJMM " O ~ Y C T W T ~
OrOHb CepAIJa B h l c b WUZHb". H ~ K TnOa H b h ~ @ a H Cbq M T U npo-
CTMM u e ~ y m y ~cnoc06:
ii ~ O C K O A y~3K
U n~ HaXO&uTcII B IIOllKaX,
H M O B C T m C nOCTeAH B IIOAHOPb, B 'IX tf3b2, HaKHHYB OptemP,y,
CeCTb; n 0 T e p e T b PYKH, ' 4 ~ 0 6 ~H1X P e A M C b XOpOJUeHbKO, noao-
X H T b OAHy pylcy H a " B H ~ I U H I ~ Hn0'41cym,
, a A p y r O f i py~0fiM X C H -
p O B a T b n y n O K , T O r A a 80 "BHyTPeHHefi n 0 ' 4 ~ e " ( ~ e a o i i ? )6 y ~ e ~
~ C X K O T O P ~ I ~P ~
H ~ K ~ ~ A u B ~ TZ-@UH, X L J B e T a e T B M ~ O ~ H A H HecAM
,
n p a K T H K 0 B a T b 3 T 0 AOArO [42, C. 1401.
UU, KaK H tj3UIC, Pa3AM'I;UOT MCTHHHOe (VX3Hb Z ~ U ) M 0 6 ~ ~
Hoe (@amyu). Hepsoe - TO W J I I ~ ' I ~ A ~B OHB~AI~~X"~n p e m ~ e -
ro ~e6a",~ a x o ~ y ~ f Bi Hc ~nT P H q e A o B e K a , T. e. B H ~ T ~ ~ H H
BO3AyX. B~opoe- 3 T 0 BO3AYX " ~ w c A ~ A Y I~~e 6 ~ a~"~MM
, O 'IeAo-
B e K AbIIJ.IHT, B A b I X a e r O 'Iepe3 HOC M POT. 06a ZjU OAMHaKOBO
Ba>r<HbI, nOCKOAblcy, KaK C K ~ 3 a H OB "6a0ny-y3blJ', " ~ ~ A O B npe-
~ K
6brsae~ B no3~yxe,a BOJAYX n p e 6 b 1 o a e ~B s e ~ o s e ~ eh" . x HX nu-
TaHMII H ~ O ~ X O A M M ODO-IIePBbIX,
, M ~ ~ ~ D M T OT
~ c BCeX
X CHA~H~IX
3 ~ 0 J J M f i , BpeAXLIJHX ZjU, H a p y l I I a I O y M X er0 K3PMOHMH); BO-BTO-
PbIX, rapMOHH'4HOe AbIXaHHe.
H~O~XOAHMO Ha0 npMBeCTM B
r a p M 0 H H W 0 6 b 1 q ~ o eAbIXaHMe, a 3 a T e M PI HCTHHHOe. AOCTH~~~
C5I 3 T 0 y u p l c y l ~ l ~ ~BO3AyXa
~ e f i B IlpOrJeCCe AbIXaTeAbHbIX ynpam-
H ~ H U0
~ ,KOTOpbIX yXe rOBOpUAOCb.
" B b ~ n ~ a s ~ e ~yuUe n" O A P a 3 y M e B a e T " B ~ I ~ A Z ~ B A ~ H
HCTMH-
H~"
HOT0 BO3AyXa "npem~ero~ e 6 a "M 0 6 b 1 ' 4 ~ 0 1 - 0 BO3AyXa "noc,ieAy-
m y e r o ~ e 6 a "I,I p H 3TOM rAaDHOe 3 T 0 " B ~ ~ I I A ~ D A ~ MCTMH-
- ~HH~"
HOrO IjU. BOT KaK CKa3aHO 0 " B ~ ~ ~ A ~ D A ~ H HHCTHHHOI'O
CI" RH M
MCTMHHOrO YU B CTMXaX W M X ~ X H X" K o r ~ aA y H a K p y r A a (T. e. B
~ O A H O A ~ H M ~~Tynafi
), B TMXOe MeCTO. K o r ~ aB e T e p KOCHeTCX no-
~ ~ c6eper~O A H ~' 4 a c ~ ~ s T
B e p x H o c T c l B O A ~ I ,B r p y cooeii ~ o
y r. ~ a
K p a c H o e c o n H y e n o 3 ~ a e r u bcam n o ce6e" [42, c. 1421. Heco-
M H ~ H H O '(TO, pew 3 ~ e c Mb A ~ To n o r a o y e H M M yu ne-rpa B o n p e A e -
AeHHOe B&XM5I 1.i B O n p e A e A e H H O M MeCTe, BMAMMO DO BPeMX M e -
AHTaLJMH, M 0 I I P e B P a y e H H M 3 T O r 0 IjU B MCTMHHOe U 3 H b -

"KP~CHO~
COAHIJC".
Ayx m 3 ~ b- TO n \ a B H o e B T e A e q e A o B e K a , " X O ~ ~ C I H ero.
"
C A ~ Ap a~3 A~H qTa T b M C T M H H ~ I AyX
~~ H ~3HaqaAbHblfi ('~m3Hb
tU3Hb, W H b ~ 1 3 ~ 6H ) 0 6 b I q ~ b I i i H n 0 3 H a B a e ~ b I f i ( @ a H b U 3 H b ,
N U ZU3Hb). h k H b UL3Hb - 3 T 0 YaCTH'IKa C B X y e H H O r O CBeTa
"lIpeIKHer0 ~ e 6 a " .n H ~ a H I 4 eAyXa n p e A n H C b l B X T C 5 I Ha'IMHaTb C
er0 H a K O I l A e H W , A M 3TOrO H C O ~ X O A H M OYCnOKOMTb AyX, T. e.
OTPeLLlMTbCX O T A y M M c'I'P~MA~H u ~ ~ , CepArJe,
OYMCTMTb O X P m T b
er0, T a K ~ ~ 0 6 e6r O
1 H e n O T p e B O X M A a H M K a K m MbICAb, T o r @ AyX
CnoKoeH, M c a M no ce6e B O ~ H M K ~ ~" nT b, ~ n ~ a n ~ x e ~ c M
x 'Cl T
" MHH~I~~
AyX "npem~ero~ e 6 a " .T ~ K M06pa30~,
M 'IaCTMqKY CBXyeHHOI'O
c s e T a , H a x o M y y m c s M ~ H ~ W . A ~BH TOe A e u e l z o n e K a , Haps\emano
C O X P W M T b , c 6 e p e ~ b ,a IlMTaR Zj3UH M ZjU H T e M C a M b I M UL3Hb,
M O X H O ~ ~ I AA O
O ~ M T ~ C "X B ~ I ~ A ~ ~ ~ A ~MCTUHHOrO
H M X " a B
U3Hb,
more M CAMXHMX c aao, 06pa30na~m"mao~oiin m m ~ u " o6pe-
,
TeHU 6ecc~ep~~x.
K ~ nK0 A a r a M A W C b I , " B H ~ ' I ' P ~ H H x XIIUASOAX" BbInAaBAXeTCX
B H M X H e M " n 0 A e K U H O B ~ ~ M "K, O T O p o e C'IMTaAOCb B Z X C H ~ ~ I U U M
~3 Vex. M e c ~ oero H a X O W e H M X A W C ~ I TOYHO H e Y K ~ ~ ~ I B ~ IaO T ,
I'OBOPXT A M U I ~ , TO p a c n o A o m e H o OHO B " ~ p e xyywx H m e nyn-
~ a " HAM
, B "AB~XY ~ HM
Xx e n y n ~ a " .Apyroe ero Ha3nmwe
" O K ~ ~ BHO ~ ~ Y X ~MAM A ~~I " ( Z ~ U X U $ ) .
" , " M o p e X M ~ H ~ H HCOM ~ B
H e M XPZIHMTCII l.j3UH, X M B O T H m CMAP, a BOBCe H e ZjU, KaK M O X H O
6 b 1 ~ 06a1 O>KMAaTb n0 Ha3BWMm. I!& XpWMTCX B CPeAHeM " n 0 A e
K U H O B ~ ~ U " IlOA
, C e p A r J e M . C e p ~ r J eAaOCbI H a 3 b I B W T "nflnfl-
HbIM A B O ~ ~ O M( "Z ~ ~ R HZYH.), n 0 3 T O M Y C p e A H e e " n 0 A e K M H O B ~ P U "
O mT e " n y p n y p ~ b r~~n o p g o ~ "
H ~ ~ ~ I B ~T Ia K Bepx~ee
. " n o ~ eKM-
~ o n a p u "A W C ~ I p a c n o A a r a r o T M e q y ~ ~ O B X M MH, ~ ~ ~ I B ~ero
I O T
' ' A B O ~ ~ LH
J HPBW~I" (mxyanb), a T a m e " o ~ e m~ o a r a "(mo
XUG). B H e M XPaHMTCX W 3 H b .
B " K ~ w r e~ u ~ o n a p uMOXHO
" BCTTMT~ UeAymyMe onpe-
'I
AeAeHMX M HaCTaDAeHMII: M 3 H a Y U b H O e ZjU B CePALje H a 3 b I B Z T C X
APaKOHOM, M3HaYanbHOe Zj3UH B TeAe Ha3bIBZTCX TM~OM",
" A P ~ K O H - 3 T 0 C e p A g e , T M r P - 3 T 0 IIOYKM", "cHa'I&ia M3 W H b
M KYHb ~ ~ e h a TfMi r e A b M n e ' I b , 3 a T e M BO3bMM AeKaPCTBO B O p O H a
M AeKapCTBO 3 a 6 I J a M BapM" (BOPOH 3 T 0 SIC, 3mI3 - uHB) [42,
c. 1521 .
K ~M
K ~ yme
I nncanu, c e ~ c y a n b ~ o IiI pi a K T M K e ~ a o c b rn p M A a -
B U M MCKAIOYMTeAbHOe 3 H a Y e H M e . B BbIIlAaBAeHMM "BHYTP~HH~~
~ M A K ~ A M "t I M T W M e R H 3a CYeT UHB M v ; M O 6 0 ~ b m y mPOAb. CO-
r A a C H 0 TePMMHOAOTUM C ~ K C Y ~ A ~MMCTMKM,
H O ~ IIH 3 T 0 U13Hb, P%-
~ O A O X ~BHB eH
p X~ n 0 A e KHHOB~PM" M H a 3 b I B a e M b l i i T a K -
H eIM~ "~
Xe O A H O ~M3 " ~ p e xA p a r O I J e ~ ~ O ~ ~ e OAHMM
k", M3 " ~ p e xIjBeT-
KOB", " .H b -
"Tpex A ~ K ~ ~ C T B M 3 T 0 WUH, p ' d ~ l l O A 0 ~ e ~ H b B
Ifi
H W K H e M " n 0 h e K M H O B ~ P M " , M 3 ~ a ' l a A b H b l kWHI'peAMeHT, M3 KOTO-
POI'O l ' ~ b ~ n ~ M ~ B~~ le lc ~
~ lU3Nb. C e2524 OHM COCTaDMr\llIOT OC-
T a A b H b I e A B a LJBeTKa, ABa AeKapCTBa, ABe ApZUOLJeHHOCTM. CO-
eAMHeHMe MX B KOHeYHOM HTOI'e nPMBOAMT K " B ~ I ~ A ~ D A ~ H M I O "
W 3 H b , K O T O P ~ In~p e A C T a B M e T C H " K ~ Z H ~ I M
COAHLJ~M~~. B MHOI'O-
qMCAeHHbIX KHMI'W 0 ' l ~ b l n ~ a D ~ IIMAKJAM
e ~ ~ ~ l aDTOPbI
' MX MHO-
CKa3aTeAbHO y n o l p e 6 ~ ~HaUMeHOBaHMH
u M e T m O B , MMHepa-
AOB, TPMrP'JMM M I'eKCaI'paMM, nOApa3yMeBZ5l IlOA HMMM pa3AMs-
H b I e O P r a H b I T e A a , YPaCTKM ePO, CTMXMH M CMAbI, 3 a A O X e H H b I e
H ~ ~ o IIpOLJeCCbl,
M, IIpOMCXOpsIIlJMe B HeM. A HeBeXeCTBeHHble
AIOAM, nOHMMaR M3AOXeHHOe B IpZLKTaTaX 6 y m a n b ~ 0 , nAanMAM
0 6 b r . r ~ b l k CBMHeg M PTYTb, M3rOTOBARAM A e K a p c T B a M o T p a B M A n
MMM c e 6 ~M ApyrMX. MCTMHH~RXe nMAIoAA ~ 0 6 b l n a e ~B c"~n o ~ e
K M H O B ~ P H " M3 MCTMHHOI'O IJ3UH M MCTMHHOI'O 2524 M H a 3 b I B Z T C R
l l ~ Z ~ ~ R yCM
B ~M
TOM", " c ~ ~ L J M ~ ~ H CD~TOM",
~ I M "~3Ha'4aAb~b1~
C B ~ T O M " , " B O ~ B ~ ~ I K J W U JnMhKJAek"
~~ ( W ~ H RH, V.XyaHb RH,
U H b RH, X y a H b 8 a H b ) . T ~ K BHb l p~W e H M R , KaK l l A e ~ ~ ~
~ b 1 kcnoc06 BbInAaBAeHMH IIMAIOhMJ', " A ~ B I I T 0
~ 60~0~0~-IIA~D
C O B A W T ~ M A I O A I O " , " ~ e M b B O ~ B P ~ ~ I J ~ AeBHTb
H M ~ , O~O~~TOB",
" n o 3 s p a y W y a H ~ M A I O M AeBRTM 06opo~on"M T. n., nclpesam-
4 M e C R BO M H O X e C T B e B AaOCCKHX CO'4MHeHMX, O J H a ' 4 W T
' '~03-
BPaLIJeHMe K O C H O B ~ " , " B O ~ B P ~ I I J ~ HKMMCTOKY",
~ a IIOA 3TMM, B
'6
CBOKJ OYepeab, IIOApa3yMeBaeTCR B03BpayeHMe MCTMHHOI'O
253UH, 2524 M lU3H.b K n p e X H e M Y ~ e 6 y " T.
, e. CAMXHMe C ~ Y C T O T O ~ ,
o 6 p e ~ e 6~ e~cec ~ e p ~ u ~. .
M H a 3TOM nyTM nOMCKOB 6 e c c ~ e p ~ 1 .POAb
i~ HaCTaDHMKa Be-
anKa. B e ~ bX e A w y M e ~ o c ~ u ' r6b e c c ~ e p ~ u-
x ncero Anrub
C M e p T H b l e AKJAM, MM HeAeI'KO CaMOCTORTeAbHO AOCTMYb LJeAM.
H a c ~ a D l r e ~y lul w~ T e M npMBeAyT K ~ e i ciK o p e e , M CUA 6 y ~ 3a-
e ~
T p a q e H o MeHbLUe. B e ~ cnoco6on
b AOCTMqb 6 e c c ~ e p ~MHOrO,
m
&a M 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ b~ 1~eI B W T
pa3HbIe. "CKOA~KO
P a H r o B 6ec-
CMepTHbIX M CKOAbKO C ~ O C O ~ O BbInAaDAeHMH
B MAH HI AM?" -
C n p 0 C U A KaK-TO 6& DkqZlHb y Y 3 ~ H
bMX~L
; HI. M IIOAJWUA T a -
K O OTBeT:
~ "CYY~CTBYIOT TPM PZlHra 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ M
b TPM
l x KaTe-
~ ab ~
r o p M u ~ M A I O A ~ E. i e c c ~ e p ~ H ~ ee 6 MOVT
e nepenonAoyaTbcn
M A e T a T b , MMM M O V T CTaTb AKJAM BbICIUMX AOCTOMHCTB; CBMHLJOM
CA~XMT TeAo nor^^?), a P ~ T ~ I-O cepAge, o o ~ o i ic A y m u . r
C I I O K O ~ C T B Ma
~ ,O r H e M - MyApOCTb. B Te'IeHMe KOpoTKOrO B p e -
MeHM KOHAeHCMPYeTCR, B Te'IeHWe MeCRIJeB CO3peBaeT. TO nM-
A K ) M ~ b 1 ~ I I l eKaTerOpMM.
k Ee HeAb3R OnpeAeAMTb, HeAb3R B38e-
C M T ~ .Cnoco6 ee noAylresm o q e m npocT, nepeAaeTcx cepAgeM,
AOCTM'Ib pe3YAbTaTa O'IeHb AerKO. 6 e c c ~ e p ~ b CpeAM
l e ~ m ~ e
M O V T XI0 cooek BOAe BXOAMTb M BbIXOAMTb, nORBMTbCA M MC'Ie-
3aTb, MMM MOIYT CTaTb AIOAM CpeAHMX AOCTOMHCTB; CBMHIJOM
CAYXMT B03AYX-ZjU, W T b I O CAYXMT AyX-U13Hb, OM4eM CAYXMT J?
( O Z A ~ M OLJMKAM'I~cKM~
~ 3H%, COOTBeTCTBYeT OTHH)), B O A O ~CAY-
X M T Y U ( n e p B b 1 6 I J M K A u ' I ~ c K M ~3H%, WOTBCX"l'TBYeT BOA^). B
TeqeHue c T a ~ ~ eC Ai Mi B ~ ~ T CBR e A u H o e yenoe, B T e q e H v i e .rpex
o6pa3.
AeT o 6 p e ~ a e ~ TO n w A m M c p e ~ ~ eK akT e r o p M u . XOTR ee
MOXHO OnpeAeAMTb, B3BeCMTb ee HeAb311. Cnow6 ee IIpUrOTOB-
AeHMR WKpOBeHeH, ' I T O ~ ~OIB A q e T b MM, H ~ O ~ X O A H MIIOAJWMTb
O
YCTHbIe y K a 3 U M R H X T a 5 H M K a 6 e c ~ ~ e p ~ HH
b al e3e-e MOIYT
OCTaBhRTb CBOe TeAO, MMM M O V T CTaTb 06b1'1~ble AlOAM. CBMH-
IJOM CAYXMT CeMH-Zj3UH, W T b W CAYXUT KpOBb, B O A O ~C A y X a T
IIO'IKM, o r H e M C A ~ X U T cepnge. B T e v e H u e roAa s a ~ x s b ~ s a e ~ cqcer-,
p e 3 AeBXTb AeT YCMAWl 3aDePIIlaIOTCR. BTO IIMI\IOM ~ u 3 m e kKa-
TeIUPMM, ee MOXHO OnpeAeAMTb M B3BeCMTb. TOT MeTOA O'IeHb
CAoxeH, nepeAaeTcx nucaMeHHo, AOCTM'I~ ycnexa T ~ ~ A H O "[42,
c. 158- 1591 .
p aoc c y X A e H M e r3 X y H a 0 TOM, 'IT0 &M n p X T M -
h m 6 o n b 1 ~ ~
Kymyero aao M Xehamyero o6pec~w6ecc~epweooace H e 0651-
3aTeAbHO OCTaBARTb 3PHIITMR A H T ~ P ~ T Y P M
O ~nOAMTH'IeCKYIO Ka-
p b e p y , OTKa3bIBaTbCX OT P ~ O C XM3HM.
T ~ ~ KX I I O A W X T r3 X~H,
AM B b r ~ a m I g e k c R AM'IHOCTM H e COCTaBMeT TpyAa COBMeyaTb
06a 3WRTMR - XM
3aHMMaTbCA " ~ H T U M ~~
M HM "
IIPMBaTHO M
nOCBRUjaTb ce6n O ~ Y ~ C T B ~ H HAeAaM
~ I M Ha c~ym6e.TXok 'IeAo-
BeK I I p e n O A a e T IIleCTb KOH()~IJMUCKMX KHMT O ~ ~ I ' I H ~ AIOAIIM,
IM a
PeIJellTbI " I ~ M T ~ H MXRM ~ H M " - TeM, KT0 M O X e T nOHXTb MX. OH
npe6alnae.r B M u p e , C K O A ~ K Oe M y 3 a x o q e ~ c xp qu nOAb3bI cnoek
C T p w e M nOMOIiJM CBOeMy nOKOAeHMI0. OH M O X e T AeTKO yAe-
TeTb H a ~ e 6 0U CTaTb ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ HCTOMT ~ I MTOAbKO , e M y 3aXO-
T e n . T x ~ Ae ~ A Mn p u H w e m a T ~arcmekK a T e r o p M u . AIOAM,JCO-
TOPbIe IIOHHMaIOT, 'IT0 OHM H e MOIYT COBMeCTMTb 06a 3;LHIITMII,
HOKMAWT a p e H y 0 6 y e c ~ n e ~ ~ o k M IlOCBIIYZUOT c e 6 ~afZ0
XM3HM
 352 AAOCCKM IIPAKTMKA AOCTMXEHMR EECCMEPTMA

M 33. TO AIOAM BTOPOPO KAma r3 X ~ HllPHBOAMT M H O X S T B O

I X p U M e p O B , KOI'Aa 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ COBMeIlJar\H
b l e n0MCKU ~ U O
C AeH-
TeAbHOCTbfO H a O ~ I L J ~ C T B ~ H H On0nPMYe1'.
M T ~ MT Xym-AM,M
.A a o ~ g p u
~ ,_Ygym-gsar M MtiorueApyrue [31, c. 331 B g e A o M .
x e I'3 X ~ H ,K a K c A e A y e T u 3 ero T p a K T a T a , n o A a r a r \ ~ a w 6 o ~ e e
B ~ ~ H L I nMp u r o T o B A e H H e TaKOrO AeKapcTBa, n p u e M ~ o ~ o p o r o
o6ecneru~6 a 1 6 e c c ~ e p u eT., e. n p e A n o s u T a n " ~ ~ e r u cnoco- ~ue
6 ~ " " ~. O C K O A ~H Ka IlpMI'OTOBAeHMe
~ " n e ~ ~ ~ onMI\WI\Mii" v 6 ~ -
eTCX M H O r O CCM, B p e M e H M M CpeACTB, OH llOAal'ar\ H y X H h l M M3I'O-
T O B h R T b M n P M H M M a T b A e K a p C T B a H e CTOAb BbICOKOI'O Ka'leCTBa,
A O C T a T O q H b I e AMIUb &tH TOI'O, q ~ 0 6 b 1 Y K p e n M T b M n O A A e p X a T b
3 A O p O B b e IlpaKTUKyfOJlJerO, IIPOAAMTb e I ' 0 X M S H b , ~ a 6 b OH
1 UMeA
BOSMOXHOCTb IIpOAOiVKaTb CBOM nOMCKU " I ' A ~ B H o ~ o " A e K a p C T B a
K p o ~ eTOrO, O H CqMTa.4, q T O n p a ~ ~ u K y f O y MAOlUKeH
k OBAweTb
c n o c o 6 a ~llO3BOhRWlyMMM
~, e M y w 3 6 e x a ~ bMHOrWX onac~oc~ek
B rOpaX, K y A a O H AOiVKeH H a n p a B M T b C H AM " B ~ I ~ A ~ A ~ H u X "
3AMKCMPa X M 3 H M . C e K c y a . 4 b H y I O n p a K T M K y , AbIXaTeAbHble yn-
P m H e H M X , rUMHaCTMqeCKMt? y l l p a > K H e H W U npMeM O ~ ~ I ~ H ~
AeKapCTB r3 X ~ HCqMTar\ BTOpOCTeneHHbIMM CpeACTBaMM, KOTO-
P b I e M O V T AMIIIb nPO&iMTb X M S H b , HO H e MOIYT A a T b 6ecc~ep-
TUX.
B CBR3M W C K a 3 w H b I M BblLUe 0 " ~ H y ~ p e H H e tkI l 4 A f O ~ e " M ee
"B~IITA~BA~HV
"L IM
I p e A C T a D N i e T H ~ C O M H ~ Hb1k
H MHTepeC WOHHM-
Hoe n p o ~ 3 ~ e ~ XVIl
e ~ uB.e "Taii M L J S M H ~xya L J S ~ H W K H ~( "~y q e -
H M e 30AOTOI'O LjBeTKa BeAMKOrO ~ A U H O I ' O " ) [29].
~ W ~ T H CMAbHOe
O BAMHHMe ~ Y A A M S MH~a COSAaTehR KHMrM,
XOTX B LJeAOM OH% H e W M H e H H O , AaDCCKOI'O T O A K a B ~ e PXAOM
k
y n 0 M M H W T C X A W C C K M e 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ Y'lHTeAb
b l e I\IOk-LJ3y, naT-
PUapX ~ ~ H - L J ~
C Y
OA, H O ~CTOPOHbI, U T y T Xe 6y~+$a, 60~xuca~-
TBbI - C +$pyrok. O A HnPOLJeAypb1
~ OnMCaHbI B ~~,L$+$M~cKoMAy-
xe, Apyrcle - B AWCCKOM. l l a p m o n o ~ p e 6 h ~ f 0 i . c~
e ~ b a y ~ aoc-
CKHe U 6 y ~ ~ u i i c T~euP Me H H b I , 3 a Y X l y I O n p U OllMCX-lMM OAHMX M
Tex me y n p a x ~ e ~ u iAMi, onpeAeAeHm me n o w -
OAHMX M T e x
TUG. T ~ KH, a n p m e p , AaoccKoe H n x H e e " n o ~ eK M H O B ~ ~ Mna-
"
PUeAbHO MMeHyeTCR er0 ~ Y A A M ~ ~ C K-MCMHOHMMOM
M "4e~Tp
C P A M ~ C A O B U ~ "n. p M B-M TOM COYMHeHMe I I p e A C T a B M e T C X A a -
OCCKLIM. B H e M M3AaPas2TCR TeOPMR M n P a K T M K a IIMTaI-tMR M3Ha-
~ a ~ b ~n op ui p io n b ~q e A o o e K a n o c p e A c T n o M " B ~ I ~ A ~ B A ~ HuM3R~ a -
YanbHoro ~ y x a " ,n p e n p a y e H u n ero B " ~ A O T ~ I ~O W A ~ A I O ("30-
"
A O T O ~LJB~ToK"), KOTOPaR 3 a T e M CAMBaeTCA C ~ ~ C T O T O
B O~3,B p a -
UJaeTCR K "npeXCHe~y ~e6y". b =Or0 PeKOMeHAyeTCR
OCyUJeCTBHTb IJMPK)IAXrJMIO C B e T a , ' I e r O H ~ O ~ X O A M MH
Oa n p a -
B M T ~o r o t ~ bc e p A r J a (T. e. qu) B H M ~B " n o ~ eK H H O B ~ ~ M "r,A e OH
A O M e H COeAMHHTbCA C D O A O ~n O Y e K (T. e. Z ~ ~ U M ) , n O C A e Y e r O B
IIporJeCCe & ~ M T ~ A ~nPaKTMKM
H O ~ M MeAMTPLJMM H a p a 3 H b I X y p O B -
HRX, 3 T 0 COeAMHeHMe 6 y ~ neO p~o X A a T b W C T M H H ~CBeT,
I~~ a 3aTeM
nORBMTCX H X e M ' I y X M H a . "B~~
I A ~ B A ~ HMCTMHHOrO
W ~ " CBeTa
B IJeHTpe " ~ e 6 e c ~ o rcep~ga",
o K O T O p e HaXOAMTCR M e X A Y CO-
AHrJeM , e. M e w y r A a 3 a M H , &M er0 KPMCTaAAM3aLJMM
M A Y H O ~ T.
H nORBAeHMR " 3 0 ~ 0 ~
nUAI0AMJ'
0 ~ (HAM " ~ ~ A O T O L~J O
B ~ T K ~ " )H e -
0 6 x 0 ~ HaAUYMe
~ ~ 0 Tpt?X IJBeTKOB: W U H , YU M t U 3 H b , nOCAeAOBa-
T e A b H O e MX n p e B p a U J e H w e . M ~ T O 0A6 p a ~ ~ o rT oe Y e H t M CeMeHM
tj3UH = T O P KHMrU CYUTas2T H ~ M B Z I X H ~ ~ I I I U
&iR
M " B ~ I ~ A ~ B A ~ H W
~ O A O T OI~HAIOAH".
~ O T M ~ Y ~ ~ T Ba>lcHWI
CA P O A b IIpaBkiAbHOl'O AbI-
XX-lMR.
C K ~ ~ ~ H H O IAOCTaTOYHO,
'O Y T O ~ YBMAeTb,
~ I YTO B P X C M a T p M -
B a e M O M COYUHeHMM H3Aal'aeTCR TOT Xe cnoc06 "~b1nha~he~MR
B H y l p e ~ ~ e IIUAIOAM",
ii YTO AOCTMXeHMR K O H ~ Y H OLJeAM
~~ pe-
KOMeHAYIOTCR T e Xe I l ~ M e X y T O Y H b l eU B C n O M O r a T e A b H b I e np0-
IJeAypbI: AbIXaTeAbHbIe Y I I p a X H e H M R , MeTOA o 6 p a ~ ~ o TeYeHMR
ro
(TO me, e u M nuTaSiue
YTO " ~ 0 3 ~ p a y ec e~M~e H ~ o s r a " ) ,KOH-
IJeHTpaLJMR M MeAMTarJMR, W e A M H e H M e l$Z4 M lj3UM, BbI n A a B A e H M e
q3un M n o r \ y q e H u e u 3 H e r o zju, 3 a ~ eB~CBOIO
, o q e p e A b i o6pa30-
name u3 H e r o MCTMHHOPO A y x a ( w ~ M c )a, u3 H e r o " ~ O A O T O ~ O
L J B ~ T K ~ (HAM
" " ~ O A O T O ~~I~H A I O A H " ) , CAHRHMe C ~ Y C T O T O ~ripe-
~,
BpayeHMe B ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T H O ~ O .
B C B e T e M3AOXeHHOl'O K;UKeTCR BeCbMa n p a B ~ o n o ~ o 6 ~ b 1
npeAnoAoXeHue b.H u ~ s 0~ TOM,
a 'IT0 K H H r a "Taii cl IJ3MHb
X y a I J 3 y ~ - ' I X M ' ' JlBAReTCJl CO'IHHeHHeM ~ a f i ~ oAf~i O C C K OCeKTbI
~~
3 0 ~ 0 ~UIMAIOM
- [27,
( y 3 ~ ~ b ~ a H b I J 3 ~ 0 ) ~C. 3441 .
C O ' I M H ~ H M ~~~pM
y T 0 f~
i a f i ~ oCeKTbI
fi -X ~AT ~ eO6 ~ 0(XyaH-
T H H ~ A ~ O-
) JlBMeTCJl " 6 a O y 3 I O a H b O llO3HaHMM 6 y ~ 0 f ni y - M H -
HOM KOHe'IHOm CMbICAa H ~ A ~ R H H I I "[ 1 ; 371 , HallMC2UiHOe npM-
M e p H 0 CTOAeTMeM P a H b I I I e p%MOTpf2HHOTO BblIIIe. B HeM T a K X e
npeAcTaBAeHo cMeruamxoe, ~YAAM~~CKO-A~OCC
B eKpO
o y~V e H w e ,
M3AOXeHbI PIIAOM AaOCCKMe M 6 y ~ ~ u f i c npeACTaBAeHMX,
~ue no-
' I H T ~ T C I IpaBHO 6 y ~ w f i cM
~ AaOCCKMe
~e 60xec~~ OaA H ~ K O
ca-
MO )preHMe B H e M H e M3AOXeHO T a K CMCTeMaTHlleCKM M nOCAeA0-
BaTeAbHO, KaK 3T0 CAeA2UiO B "Tafi M LJ3HHb X y a IJ~YHUXM".
K o ~ y e yMM,
n OnMCaHMII, TepMMHbI p%eJlHbI no BCeMy TeKC-
TY, A m b l O'IeHb KPaTKO, ~ ~ K B ; U \ ~OHAOH O ~+pa30fi, MHOTAa AaHbI
AMrUb OAHM HaMMeHOBaSIMX. T ~ M
He M e H e e , OHM A W T B03MOX-
HOCTb COCTaBMTb HeKOTOpOe IIpeACTaBAeHMe 0 TOM, B KaKOM PyC-
A e T e ' I e T MbICAb a B T O p a T ~ KHapJlAy
, C YnOMMHaHMeM pa3AMs-
HbIX CTOpoH M I I o A o X ~ H M AaOCM3Ma
~~ M~ Y A A M ~ M
H e~ HMeIOyMX
,
IIpXMOI-0 OTHOrUeHMJl K T e M e CTaTbM, B 6 a 0 1 ~ 3 ~ 3 a H bBCTpeYWTCX
TepMMHbI ti IIpeACTaBAeHtlJl, 3 a KOTOPbIM CTOJlT n P O J J e A ~ b 1 H
PeKOMeHAaLJMM, PaCCMOTpeHHbIe HaMM BbIrUe.
~ A ~ B H YeAb
- )preHMR, M3AOXeHHOTO B " 6 a O y 3 I O a H b 0 n 0 3 H a -
HMM 6 y ~ ~ 0ny-MHHOM
fi KOHe'IHOTO CMblCAa H ~ ~ ~ X H M R
3T" 0, cna-
CeHMe. Cnoco6a1 A O C T W e H M X CnaCeHMfl PeKOMeHAYIOTCX CaMbIe
pa3~006pa3~bIe. BTOM AaOCCKMe H ~ ~ A A M ~ ~c nCo cK0 6Hb 1~ M nPM-
eMb1, o 6 e ~ b 1M 0 6 p ~ l ~ b 1 TO
, M C ~ M On p~o6ye~ K ~n pe
onoBeAy-
e M O M y YYCHMIO, M HaCTaBAeHMR MYApOTO JMMTeM. Y =TO 3TM pe-
KOMeHAagMM IlePeMeIII;LHbI CaMbIM IIPM'IyAAMBbIM 06pa30~,T a K
' I T 0 AOCTMXeHMe Y ~ c ~ o3CMAH
fi 6 y ~ b 1 A M M T ~OKa3bIBaeTCJl
~~I
BnOAHe BO3MOXHbIM n p M n O M O y H A ~ O C C K OIIMnIOAM
~~ 6ecc~ep-
TMX. 3 ~ e c M 6 y ~ TOBOPMT~
b ~H
Ie e ~ o nymx c n a c e H m , npeAAara-
eMbIX ~~AAM~MO 0 6, p a ~ u ~ cKr rT e M , KOTOPbIe PeKOMeHAYIOT-
aM
CJl AaOCM3MOM M npeACTaBAeHb1 B 6 a ~ y 3 ~ 3 ~ b .
T ~ Kn, o YnOMMHaHHJlM M OnHCaHMJlM MOXHO BMAeTb, 'IT0 B
6aoy310a~b PeKOMeHAOBaAMCb TaKMe c n o c o 6 b 1 CnaceHMrr M A0-
CTWKeHMX ~ ~ C C M ~ P T MKaK
X , AbI X a T e A b H U M ABMTaTeAbHm TMM-
HaCTMKa, CeKCyaAbH;U( n p a K T M K a M " B ~ I I I A ~ B A ~BH H
MY~ T ~ ~ H
~uAIOAM". Cnoco6 " ~ o s ~ p a y eCeMeHM
~~x M nMTaHHR MM M03-
ra" , I l ~ q H ~ X ? ~ bAl afoiC a M M HaM~a.XHekUlt4~ 06pe~e~w-1
6ec-
C M e p T M R n Y T e M c e ~ c y a n b ~ o ni Pi a K T U K M , B 6 a 0 ~ 3 ~ ) a ~
AMUlb
b Ha-
3 b I B X T C R , H O H H K a K H e OIIMCblBaeTCR. Bo~eeno~po6soP a C C K a -
3bIBX?TCII 0 " B ~ I I ~ A ' W A ~ H M3 H
0 . 4 0 ~ 0 6 ~ H A I O A U " B CAeAYIQUJeM CTM-
XOTBOpeHMH:

Coeeprue~c~eyacH
b ,~ O ~ X O A U M O
c o 6 p a ~ bn p e m H e e ~e60,
[ T o r ~ a ]MHOXeCTBO CeMeHM H BO3AYXa
npOHMKHeT B CBRUJeHHYIO COKpOBeHHOCTb.
C O ~ A H H'feTbIpe
~ H ~ I4 0 p ~ b l
B eAMHOM TeAe,
B MCTMHHOM O r H e nRTM nepB03AeMeHTOB
nAaBMTCR 30AOTaR nMAIOAR.
CTMXUM
UHb M I1H CAMBBWTCR -
TOAbKO TOrAa 3 T 0 ~ Y T L .
A e s c i g a M t.uweHeu
BMeCTe CnRT.
C A ~C B
M H~M APaKOH,
~~
KOTOpOrO AWAHM H e IlOKOpHTb,
Cnpasa 6ella1k T H r p -
ITOMCTHHe, OH CBMpen.
Memy HMMM OKXiaACR
M C T H H H ~kI 6 e ~ ~ ~ e p ~ H b l i i ,
o 6 e r . 1 ~PyKaMH,
CXB~TMA ~
YAOXMA UX BMeCTe.
A P ~ K O~HC q e 3 YYBCTBO
, nOXBMAOCb,
T M r p CaMOYCnOKOMACII,
h a H a r a h a COeAHHHAMCb -
3 a s ~ 3 a ~ a c~ bO A O T ~nRm m r \ n .
Bsepxy a o ~ o ~ or okc n o A M H ,
OH RH-OTelJ,
BHHBYXeATaR rocnoma,
O H a n M T a e T 3apOAbIUI ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T H O ~ O .
[ L ~ a r o ~ a pMY]
n n0KMHeTe n r T b nepBO3AeMeHTOB,
a T a K m e M VeTbIpe 4 0 ~ ~ 6 1 ,
[ M C ~ O A H M BCOPOK
] BOCeMb O ~ ~ T O B ,
npeBpaTHTecb B ~ y ~ p b H
r x~ 0 6 p b l x .
K y ~ b ~ c l ~ M p HCTHHY,
yfl nHTaR UIPMPOAY,
Co6wpafi~en p e X H e e ~ e 6 0 .
356. ,&lOCCKAII llPAKTMKA AOCTYXEHMA EECCMEPTMA
! ~ ~ H O X ~ C T B OCeMeHM M BO3AYXP C T W e T IJeAOCTHbIM.
n p 0 3 p a q ~ o eTeAO npOCBe'4MBaTb CTaHeT,
q e ~ b ~ +p OeP M ~ I T o r A a saeepua~ca.
B MCTHHHOM O r H e nXTM nePB03AeMeHTOB
B b l n a a B M ~ c aB O A O T O ~~~~ C C M ~ P T H ~ I ~ ~ .
CHHM ~
ApaKOH, 6 e ~ b 1 kTMrp -
B Hl4X C O K ~ O B ~ H H M3 ~ ~ COKPOBeHHbIX.
I I I ~ ~

B T e K C T e M H O r O Y ~ O M M H W M0~ "~~ O A O T O IlMAIOAe":

~ AOCTa-
T O q H O OAHOrO 3 e p H a " ~ 0 3 ~ p a y a I O y e IIuAIOAU",
6 q ~ 0 6 b 1I I O n X T b
B K p y r ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T "~OAOT;IJI
H ~ I X ; IIUAIOASI" C O K P b I T a B AeBIITM K p y -
r a X IIAaBAeHMII; C n O M 0 y b I O " ~ 0 3 ~ p a ~IlMAIOAM
~ ~ e AeBRTM
k
O ~ O ~ O T O B "M O x H O AOCTMqb % U M O B O ~ O npyAa, T. e. O~MT~AM
6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~M1T.1 ,n. B n P M B e A e H H O M O T p b I B K e AOCTaTOqHO 'leTKO
IIPeACTaBAeHa CXeMa " B ~ I ~ A ~ D A ~ H M~ IOI A O T O~~H A I O A U " . OH^
nAaBHTCII B MCTHHHOM O r H e , K O T O P ~ ICOeAMHIIeTCII
~ B I'aPMOHHM
c BOAO& n o q e K . " h ~ e ~ e Mr "~~ e"n ~ r J a "- CTMXMM u n b M RH, B
T O Xe B p e M I l 3 T O M A e r O p M q e C K O e H a M M e H O B w M e n e p B b I X o6pa-
~ O B ~ H MnGp M " B ~ I ~ A ~ B A ~ Hnosnpaqaioyek.
U M ~ M A I Q A U " . OHH
~ O R B A X I Q T C I IM 3 HM'lerO M IIBAIIKITCX K a K 6 b 1 pOCTKaMM, M3 KOTO-
PbIX 3aTeM pa3BMBaeTCII IIMAIOASI. " C M H M~ ~p a K 0 H " - 3T0
prCyTb, " 6 e ~ b 1 f i T M I ' ~ " - C ~ , no-
3 T 0 CBMHerJ. C O ~ ~ M H U B U ~ MOHM
P O X A a i o T nMAIOAIO. " ~ O A O T O~~O C ~ O A M H -
" A p y P O e HaUMeHOBa-
H M e CBMHrJa, B T O Xe B p e M 3AeCb M O X H O YCMaTPMBaTb OI'OHb
e. yu) MAM M C T M H H ~ AYX
c e p A r J a (T. I ~ U13Hb. " X e ~ ~ arocnoxa"rr
3T0 " c B ~ x ~ "K,O T O p M W e A M H I l e T B r a P M O H M M A p a K O H a U T M r p a .
B T O >Ice B p e M R n O A 3 T M M M O X e T n O A P a 3 y M e B a T b C I I XHB0TH;LII
CMAa Zf3UH, K0TOp;IJI JInMTaeT AyXOBHyIO CMAy U B H b , TP~.HC@OPMM-
p y e M y S 0 B ~ M b ~ e k l l Bl e" 3~a p 0 ~ b l l l l ~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T H O ~ O " .
n p L 4 ~ e ~ e h .e
r y e OAMH O l p b I B O K M3 6 a o g 3 1 0 a ~ b :
 TOT O l p b I B O K M M l O C l p M P y e T ~ p y r 0 kcnoco6 AOCTMXeHUII
6 e c c ~ e p ~p~e ~x0, M e H ~ y e M b 1AaOCaMM,
k - n p M IIOMOIIJM AblXa-
TeAbHbIX y n p a X H e H M k . P e q b B H e M W e T 0 AbIXaTeAbHOM gMKAe,
n p M K O T O ~ MBOBAYX n e p e ~ e q a e ~ cu3
x H M > K H ~~ ~X T M T e A a K
I'OAOBe, nF%?OAOAeBM TO
H a CBOeM n y T U 3 X T a B b 1 , I I p e r p a b I .
0 6 e c n e l r u n a e ~ C B O ~ O A ~~ , A ~ ~ H C T BT.Oe.
, KaqecTna, npncyqwe
H ~a InMp u. 6 ~ u x e ~ nK es
~ ~ C C M ~ ~ T H a s e ~ ~ ogem
k y ~ a 3 b l n a eM ~
" C O ~ A M H ~ H IIpMPOAbl
H~ M C Y A ~ ~ ~ AOCTUraeMOe
I " , n p M "~b1nAaLi-
AeHMM 3 0 ~ 0 ~ 0~ M
6 A I O A M " KOTOPOe
, OCYI4eCTBlUleTCIl n p M co~ek-
CTBMM n ~ a ~ ~ h b HLJMPKYhRLJMM
0 6 BO3AyXa. 3 a ~ ~ Z l BB a3 6 A l o k , K a K
n o A a r a n M AaOCbl, HaXOAMTCII B O ~ A X T M K0ll'IMK;L A B O ~ H3a-
~R
C T a B a I 4 3 1 1 g 3 ~- Ha3BiWMe IIpOXOAa, p X I I O A O X e H H O r 0 y OAMH-
H;bZIJaTOI'O nO3BOHKa M npeACTaL3AllBLUerO co6ok B T O ~ OnpOXOA
~
H a nyTM nHAIoAM 6 e c c ~ e p ~ "~q xe p. ~ b 1 6T e p e M " , B e p X T H O , FOP-
AO. ''A~opegYMMH"OTOXAeCTBMTb l p y A H O . B T e A e YeAOBeKa, no
IlPeACTaLiAeHMIIM AaOCOB, A B a " A B O ~ I JC~ B ~ T ~ "OAMH . HaXOAMTCII
BHYTPM rOAOBbI M e X A y ~ P O B R M MM Ha3bIBaeTCIL " B ~ P X H M ADO-
~
peg cneTan, ~ p y r o kp a c n o A o X e H B MecTe, rAe s a ~ a ~ q ~ n a e ~ c
pe-
r O p A 0 U Ha3bIBaeTCX " H M X H M ~A B O p e g C B ~ T ~ ""Cepe6px~a8
.
Ka" - APYrOe HaUMeHOBaHMe K i W a r \ a 8 ~ ~npOXOA5IyruleI'O
0 , BHYT-
3.58 MOCCKAII IlPAKTMKA AOCTMXEHMII LECCMEPTMII

P M IlO3BOHOYHOI'O C T O A ~ ~n. o ~ e i IlpOXOAMT

i nMAWAR. "I'AMHR-
H b l f i K O T ~ A " HaXOAMTCR B H M X H e M " ~ o A ~ ' K M H o B ~ ~ M3 "T; 0 COCYA,
B K O T O P O M C O 3 p e B X T IIMAIOAR. ''%~~blk A ~ ~ ~
HaXOAMTCR"B
g e H T p e q e A o B e r e c K o r o oTelza, B c p e A H e M " n o ~ eK M H O B ~ ~ M "Ho
.
apyrok B e p C U U , CyrrJeCTByeT TPM " X ~ A T ~ I XA B O ~ ~ -
" LJeHTp
~ o s r a g, e H T p cepaga M y e H T p ce~e3e~~t.1.
TIoao6soro p O A a n p M M e p b 1 M O X H O ~ ~ I A6 bO
1 ~POAOAXMT
H O H a M IIpeACTaDAReTCR, ' I T 0 n P M B e A e H H b I e OTPbIBKM AOCTaTOV-
H O ~ ~ ~ A U T ~& A
e M~O HHC TOp M p y I o T XOpOLlIee 3HaKOMCTBO a B T O p a
6 a o y s t o a ~ bc. O C H O B H ~ I M MA ~ ~ C C K M M C
M ~ O C O ~ ~ nMo M
ucKoB 6ec-
C M e P T M R , K O T O P b I e OH BCR'IeCKM P e K O M e H A O B U M UIUPOKO np0-
naraH+$MPOBZh B CBOeM CO'IMHeHMM (HPPIIAY, B n p O ' I e M , C 6y~~~i
CKMMM) .
K ~ M3BeCTH0,
K nO3HaHUe a U 0 P X C M a T P M B U O C b AmCaMM KaK
0 6 p e ~ e ~ u6ee c c ~ e p ~ u T
x .a ~ o kme C M ~ I C Au M e A o M n o 3 ~ a n ~
" C O K ~ B ~ H H O ~ O(HAM
" " T ~ M H O ~ O " ) I I p O X Q A a (c?CXHb 2yaHb)".
ABTOP~IT p a K T a T O B ~ 3 6 e r a uy K a 3 b l B a T b TO'IHOe MeCTO er0 PX-
I I O A O X e H U R , rOBOPR MHOrAa, ' I T 0 HaXOAMTCR OH rAe-TO M e X A y
nO'IKaMM M IIynKOM, a M H O r A a nOMerrJa.8 er0 M e X A y rAa3aMM. B
KHMre "Taii t4 IJ3MHb X y a I J ~ ~ H ' I x M " CHLZHb ZYUHB RBAReTCR APY-
rMM HaMMeHOBWMeM " H ~ ~ ~ C H Oc e~p AOI J a J ' , "I~~OCT~WCTB
npemHero ~ e 6 a " n, e p x H e r o " x e ~ ~ o rnop
o pa", a n o T o M y M ~ MO-
I
X e M I I p e A n O A O X M T b , ' I T 0 O H HaXOAMTCR M e X & y ~ P O B R M M .B "La-
O I J 3 I O W b 0 tl03HaHMM ~ Y A A O ~ ~ ny-MHHOM
KOHeYHOrO CMbICAa H e -
&eRHMRJ' H e y K a 3 b l B X T C A , rAe P X n O A O X e H " c o K ~ O B ~ H HnP0-
~ ~ ~
X O ~ " , XOTII YnOMMHaHMR 0 H e M eCTb ( " n y c ~ b K ; U K A ~ IAaCT
~
o 6 e ~IIOAyqMT
, yKa3aHMe C O K p O B e H H O r O np0~0&3", "Ilo~c~peqZh-
CX M C T M H H ~HI ~~ ~ O X M T ~ A ~ ,
Pa3'bRCHMA ~ ~H o~xIo~A~"
C O K ~ ~ B ~ H )
BOJMOXHO, "y~a3aHneC O K p O B e H H O r O npoxo~a"~ ~ I A' I XOT b I o
o 6 p ~ a aBCTynAeHMX B C e K T y . B e ~ U3Bf2CTH0, b VTO BO BCeX ~ a i i ~ b l x
CeKTaX K H T ~ A " y ~ a 3 a H M eC O K p O B e H H O r O I ~ ~ o x o A ~H"X T a B H M K O M
BXOAUAO B O ~ ~ XIlOCBIIuJeHMR A n p M n p M e M e B CeKTy [34,
c. 66-67].
I 4 3 B C e r o CKa3aHHOrO BblUle 0 "hOLJ3IOaHb 0 n 0 3 H W U U 6 y ~ -
&0fi n y - M H H O M KOHe'IHOrO CMbICAa H ~ A ~ R H M I IM
" " Y ' ~ ~ H M3 0MA 0 -
T o r 0 LJBeTKa BeAMKOrO e A M H O r o M H a M IKpeACTaBAIIeTCR B 0 3 M O X -
H b I M C A e A a T b BblBOA 0 T O M , ' I T 0 CO3AaTeAM 3TMX CPeAHeBeKOBblX
C O V M H ~ H M (~n~ e p ~ o e 6 b 1 ~ o H a n M c a H o n o n~opoii n o A o o M H e
XVI B., B T O P e - BO BTol>ofi nOAOBMHe XVlI B.) 6 6 1 X~O P~O W O
3HaKOMbI C ~eopwefiM I l p a l C ~ M K ~nf oi M c K a 6 e c c ~ e p ~IIMTWMX
~x,
XH3HM, K O T O P b l e PeKOMeHAOBaALiCb AaOCaMM 3a nOATOpa-ABa
TbICllVeAeTMX A0 3 T O r 0 . 5 0 A e e TOrO, OHM W M p K O P e K O M e H A O B a -
AM 3TM A p e B H M e MeTOAbI AAR Cn-HMX M3 6 p e ~ ~ o Mr oM p a 3Aa M
HeCnpaBeAAMBOCTU, VTO 6 b 1 ~ 0K O H ~ V H OYeAbIO
~~ MHOI'MX T a f i H b l x
CeKT KMTW M, B 'IXTHOCTM, CeIiTbI X~AT
~ eO6 0
~.
H a M XOTeAOCb 6 b 1 n 0 3 H a K O M M T b VMTaTeAefi C C O B P e M e H H b l -
MU K M T ~ ~ ~ C K H M03AaPOBMTeAbHbIMH
CI M A ~ V ~ ~ H ~MCTOAaMM,
I M M
H a O ~ M C ; H H ~ I XB b I w e T P ~ M ~ H O H H ~cnoc06ax
OCHOB~HH~IMM IX
~ b I X a T e ~ b H 0 fLii ~ B M r a ~ e A b H 0 frMMHaCTMKM.
i TO K a C X T C H YC-
TO~~~MBOCTM
~ ~ M Y H O H HH X ~ I K OBB c+epe H H T M M H ~ I XOTHO-
~ ~I B
I I l e ~ M f i A l o ~ e f i , TO 3AeCb MOXHO HanOMHMTb CBMAeTeAbCTBO
Ax. H M A J M ~C%peAMHbI 40-x rOAOB T e K y Y e r O CTOAeTMX, 0 KOTO-
P O M M b l rOBOPMAM BbIUIe. K p ~ TOrO,
e n p 6 n e ~ cae K c y a A b H 0 f i
XM3HH K H T C~ APeBHOCTM M BIlAOTb A0 XVIl B., ~ c T o ~ ~ V M B O C T ~
OCHOBHbIX ee nPUHLJMnOB CTUM ~ e ~ 0Of~iC T O R T ~ A ~ H OTyyAa
~O
r O M W A C K O I ' 0 Y'IeHOrO P. X. B a H ~ Y A M KK
~ , K O T O p M Y M b I M OT-
C b l A Z M MHTepeCytOUJMXCX.
Cnoco6 AelreHMX 60ne3~efin p M IIOMOuJM AblXaTeAbHbIX yn-
P ; U K H ~ H M ~6 ~b 1 p
~ a 3 p a 6 o ~BpaV0h;l
~ K M T ~ ~ ~ C HK aOp ~~ ~H o f iM e -
AMLJMHbI A I O ~ Y ~ ' L X < ~MHIIPaKTMKOBaACX
~ M noA el'0 pyKOBOACT-
BOM B OAHOM M3 C W a T O p M C B K y p O p T a 6sk~afixs.HaVMHaX C
1955 r. 3 a ~ OH
e ~p x n p o c T p m M A c r r no n c e M y KMTW. O n ~ c a -
HHX, I l p M B e A e H H b l e B K H M r e hlo r y f i V ~ 3 ~ 1 1CBMAeTeAbCTBYtOT,
,
VTO TOT M e T o A - cnnan geaoro p H A a I ~ ~ M ~ M O H HA~OCCKMX
~ I X
KOMnAeKCOB i A B H ~ ~ T ~ A r~M H
~ b I X a T e ~ b H 0 fM MHOX~T M
~ KM, no-
VePnHyTbIX aBTOpM M3 IIMCbMeHHblX MCTOVHHKOB, a T X X e
n e p e A W H b 1 X e M y AaOCCKMMH H X T a B H M K a M M , XPaHMTeAXMM O n -
PeAeAeHHbIX H a n p a B ~ e H c l f ~
i b l X a ~ e A b H 0HAM
fi A B H ~ ~ T ~ ArMM-
~ H O ~ ~
HXTMKM. C ~ ~ HMX
A McTapb1fi YVMTeAb AM, 6 o ~ e e20 A e T npXTM-
K O B ~ B U I MAbIXaTeAbHbIe
~~ )'npa>KHeHMX, XpaHMBWMeCX B T & H ~ M
nepeAanaowMecx OT y w T e A X K yqeHMKy. PXP, c n e ~ e ~ A~H i, i
r y f i ' l ~ 3 H b IIOAYVMA O T Y'IMTeAfl AH ~ x ~ H ~ J J M HIIDeACTaDMTeAH
~ ,
UKOAbI AH, UIHPOKO M ~ B ~ C T HHOa ~n~p O T X X e H M M MHOrMX AeT.
360 m C K k Z I HPAKTMKA AOCTMXEHMH EECCMEPTMR

C a M h I O r y f i ' f l K 3 ~ bT a m e o 6 y q a n c n B CBOe B p e M AbIXaTeAbHbIM

M ABMraTeAbH bIM Y n p a X H e H M H M .
O C H O B ~ I B ~ H CH ~a Tpa&MLJMOHHbIX KOMnAeKCaX, a TaKXe
ApeBHMX AaOCCKMX AbIXaTeAbHbIX M ABMraTeAbHbIX Y n p a X H e H M -
HX. TPKMX, K a K ~ u o u H ~ H362y?t,
, a T a K X e W 3 H b XYCU "my60~oe
A ~ I X ; Z H M C " ,??ZyHa @a " M ~ T O A BbIAOXa M B ~ o x ~ l5314H
", tj30 XYCU RH
UL3H @a ''M~TOA IIMTaHHH XM3HM Ab1X;ulMeM B TMXOM C M ~ ~ H M M "
AH> r y f i 1 i ~ 3 ~p ab p a b o ~ a n& b I X a T e A b H b I e Y n P a X H e H M H , KOTOpbIe
O H P a A e A M A H a TPM KOMnAeKCa. TO " ~ e u e 6 ~ b 1Ye ~ P ~ X H ~ H
( H ~ & H ZYH) , " ~ K P ~ I I A S I I O L L J~M~~P ; U K H ~ H M X( t" y l l t ~ y c tZYH)
~ M
" 0 3 ~ 0 p o B M ~ e ~ b ~yb nl ep a X ~ e ~ M( 6~ ~"0 1 f 3 1 1 ~ bZYH) .
B K H M r e A t 0 r y f i V X 3 ~M~b I B C F 9 a e M P e K O M e H A q M M , H a -
nOMMHaIOUJMe T e , 9 T O npeAnMCbIBaAMCb B ApeBHMX AaOCCKMX py-
KOBOACTBaX. TO Y C A O B M ~(0~pelue-
KaCaeTCIl M C Y ~ X K T H B H ~ I X
H M e O T BCHKMX B O A H ~ H M ~~ ,~ C ~ O K O ~ C T B , 3a60~,C O X p a H e H M e 6 0 ~ -
pOr0, xopoluero H ~ C T ~ O ~ H M I IH) , ~ ~ ' ~ ~ K T H B('IucT~H,
H ~ I X TMXaH
K O M H a T a , 6e3 AMUlHMX BeIIJeh), a TaK>Ke CaMHX y n p a X ~ e H M f i ,
K O T O p b I e M O X H O BbInOAHHTb C M M , A e X a , CTOX.
AAH HarAHAHOCTM I I p M B e A e M 0nMC;ZHMe OAHOI'O M3 " ~ e q e 6 -
H b l X ~ I l p a l K H e ~ M f i " IlpMHHB
: H y X H O e IIOAOXeHMe, npMCTy n a T b K
AbIXaHUIO H O W M . C ~ a q a r \ a OAHy-&Be MMHYTbl A b l U l a T b 0 6 6 1 ~ ~ 0 ,
s a ~ e ~ I I ~ O M ~ H O C I Inpo ce6n + p a y , w c ~ o ~ y y Bl o
- tiawue 3a-
rpex CAO~OB. I l p ~
H R T M ~~3 ~ ~ O M ~ H ~ C nepnoro ~ H M M c A o r a AeAa-
IOT BAOX, npu ~ ~ O M ~ H ~ Cn ~T H o pMr oM- AbIXaHMe s w e p x ~ ~ a
IOT, nyu ~ ~ O M ~ H ~ C l~r pH e M ~ bMe r o- A e A a r o T B ~ I A O X . Hoc~enea-
H O KOAMVeCTBO npOM3HOCMMbIX CAOrOB YBeAM'IMBWT, AOBOAR HX
AO AennTM. H ~ TOM M npu ~ ~ O M ~ H ~ Cnepnoro ~ H M Hc A o r a A e A a r o T
n ~ o x ,n o c A e A H e r o - B ~ I A O X ,n pu n p o u 3 ~ e c e ~n ~p ouM e x y T o q -
HbIX CAOrOB A b I X H M e 3a&epXMBaeTCH. ~ P BAOXe M KOHVMK H 3 b I K a
A O A X e H Y n M p a T b C R B ~ e 6 0n. 0 ~ e p X a B
em B T a K O M IIOAOXeHHM
H e K O T O p O e B p e M , OnyCTMTb, OAHOBPeMeHHO BbInOAHHH BbIAOX.
A b ~ r u a ~H bW O eCTeCTBeHHO, C B O ~ O A H O [35,C. 7-81 .
B Z K H O ~ np0LJe~ypOG
~ IIpM BbInOAHeHMM AbIXaTeAbHblX yn-
pa>t<HeHMfi HBAXeTCX KOHLJeHTPalJMR BHHMaHHI1 Ha HMXHeM
" I I o A ~ K M H O B ~ P M " , KPK M B Y I I p a X H e H W t X , PeKOMeHAOBaBluWXCR
AaOCCKMMH HaCTaBHMKaMM, 0 KOTOpbIX MbI rOBOpMAM BbIIIIC.
c ~ e ~ y I O r r ~ 3MT fa Ii I - HaYVMTbCII MeAMTMPOBaTb, " I I o ~ ~ ~ X ~ B
T ~
n o ~ o k " . TO ~ p e 6 y e~ ~~ O A O A X M T ~ AT~P eHH M
O P~O B K U M T e p n e -
HMA.
h e y e 6 ~ b l eM 03AOpOBMTeAbHble KOMnAeKCbl, no CBMAeTeAbCT-
By A O K T O p a AM ~ Y ~ Y > K ~ H~I +I , ~ ~ K T u BnH
p M~ IMHOrMX 3 a 6 o ~ e ~ a -
HMAX, B TOM '4MCAe n p M a 3 B e X e A y A K a M A B ~ H ~ ~ J ~ T U ~ ~ ~ C
KMIlIKM, OllYIIJeHMM X e A y A K a , XpOHMYeCKOM H e C B a p e H M M , H e a K -
T M B H O ~+ O I ) M ~ ~ y 6 e p ~ y ~AerKWX,
esa HeBpZUrMYeCKMX 3a6o~e~a-
HMIlX KOXM, P Y ~ ~ J O B O
~ I~ X~ ~ ~ O B ~ H HeBpaCTeHMM,
M I I X , n e p ~ w q ~ o i i
rMnepTOHMM M T. A.
B HeKOTOpblX CAyYaHX AOKTOP A M r y k Y X 3 ~ bP e K O M e H A y e T
C O n p O B O X A a T b Abl X a T e A b H b l e yIlpa>l<HeHMfi n p M e M O M AeKapCTB,
HrAOYKaAblBaS1MeM, M a C C m e M .
H e ~ 0 ~ 0 p b ynpa>KHeHMA
l e " O ~ A O ~ O B ~ T ~ A ~KHO OM~~OA ~ K C ~ "
O Y e H b ~ A U ~ KAblXaTeAbHbIM
U Y l l p a X H e H M I l M M3 A P B H M X A m C -
CKWX ~ Y K O B O A C T B .T ~ KH, a n p u M e p , y n p a m H e H u e AAA yrueii, B~I-
n o A H A e M o e AAII M ~ ~ ~ B A ~ HOM I Iy M a B YUIaX, r O A O B O K p y X e H U A ,
T U
I'OAOBHblX 6o~eii,~ ~ O ~ U A ~ K T M
n OK
T eM
p M CAyXa, n p e A C T a B A R e T
co6ok H e YTO M H o e , K a K " ~ r p yH a H ~ ~ ~ C H 6apa6wen,
O M YacTo
4Mr)'pMpyM4yM B AaOCCKMX pf2KOMeHAaLJMAX. TO Xe OTHOCMT-
CA H K ynlJa>l<HeHMM AAR yKpf3nAeHHR ~ Y ~ O nBp,M KOTOPOM CAe-
A y e T , COCpeAOTOYMBlllUCb, CTYrlaTb 3 y 6 ( ~ ~ ~CAMIlIKOM
e Cub-
HO), aT a m e K ynpa>l<HeHWKJ AM A3blKa, n p U K O T O W M A3bIKOM
CAeAyeT c o 6 u p a ~ bBO Kry CAMHY, OMbIBaTb elo P O T , a 3 a T e M CrAa-
TbIBaTb T p e M A H ~ ~ O A ~ I I I P I M
rAOTKaMM,
M IiE)OBO@ CAIOHy B H U X -
H e e " n 0 A e K K H O B ~ ~ M "C. Y M T ~ ~ T C Rl r,T 0 3 T a , 3 H a K O M a H a M n0
A m C C K U M PyKOBOACTBaM, npoyeAypa M ~ ~ ~ B A IOIT ~ I'OpeYU
T BO
P T y , OT OCKOMMHbI, ~ O A MB r O p A e , Y B A m H I I e T XeAyAOYHO-KM-
r u e q ~ b l kT p a K T M C I T O C O ~ C T B Y ~nTM y e B a p e H H M [35, C. 491.
b I I YAyqUleHMx CHa, anneTuTa, ~ ~ ~ O T O C ~ O C O ~ H O C T M Am
r y k Y X 3 ~ bP K O M e H A y e T BOCnOAb3OBaTbCR AByM cnoco6a~u,
IlOAyYeHHblMM MM OT AaOCCKOrO Y Y M T e M AH. >TO "cnoc06 AeBR-
T H K P a T H O r O A ~ I x ~ H U A "M "CIIOCO~ Y A e p X a H H R BO3AyXa B n o A e
KMHoB~~M" (35, C. 571 .
K ~ BMAHO
K 1.13 C K a 3 w H O r 0 , B COBPeMeHHOM b ~ a Hea X O M T
C a M O e IlIMpOKOe n p M M e H e H M e ~ e ~ e 6 ~ Mb 03AOPOBMTeAbHbIe
r e Me-
TOAbI, M O A U ~ M ~ J U P O B ~ peKOMeHAarJ,MM,
H ~ I ~ IIOYepnHyTbIe M3
A ~ ~ B H ~ K M T ~ ~ AZIOCCKMX
~ C K M X TpaKTaTOB. B P R A e CAyYal.?B I l p O g e -
A y p b I nO'IT1.l H e I l p e T e p I I e A M HMKaKHX M 3 ~ e ~ e H ~ f i .
B nocAeAeee ~pemH a 3 a n a e 6 o ~ a m o epacnpoc-rpartetiwe
IIOAYUMAM ~7a3AMUHbIeK M T ~ ~ C K M
MRnOHCKMe
~ CWCTeMbl (ntaZ.kj32.4
tjK1ZHb, ~ U O U H ~K ,a p a T 3 , ~ ~ K M A oK, 3 M I I 0 U T. A.), BKAIO'IWLIJMe
KaK 6 o e ~ b r e T
, a K M 0 6 0 p o ~ M ~ e ~ b n~p M
b el M
e b 1 . H e ~ o ~ o p b KOM-
l e
IlAeKCbl y n p a x ~ e ~Ha3bIBZOTCX
~k ?iy?@y, UTO H e COBCeM npa-
BMAbHO, nOCKOAbKY T a K O r O pOAa ynp;ur<HeHHX B KMTZ Ha3bIBa-
IOTCX YZUy ' ' B O ~ H H O HCKYCCTBO"
~ MAM ZOUY " H ~ L J H O H ; M ~ H O ~ MC-
KYCCTBO".
B a l m e M ~ yI xe M ~ O A Mzyn@y,i?aounb,
~ O B O ~ M Ao ~3iizynK a K
O~AOPOBMT~A~H
TMMHaCTMKM.
O~~ BTHM,OAHaKO, 3 H a q e H M e MX H e
M c q e p n b ~ ~ a e ~ c ~ .
B O ~ H M K H O B ~ HZYM&M ~ A e r e H A b l OTHOCRT KO B p e M e H M , K O r A a
> K ~ A T ~ IMGM n e p a T O p ~ O P A C X C P r a T b I M UyAOBHlyeM YMIO. CBX-
3 b I B W T er0 T a K X e C 6opa6oii, I l p M K O T O IIPOTMBHMKH
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I A
B W A e M a x C P r O M , KOTOPblM OHM AOIUKHbI 6 b 1 ~ uH a n O T e x y 3 P H -
p y r A p y r a H X M e p T b . A o n y c ~ a n a c bo6opo~a
T e A X M 3 a 6 o ~ a ~A b
A M m b B + O P M ~ ~ A O K O BM p 6 0 ~ b HOraMM.
1
Boe~~io e
MCKYCCTBO YIlOMMHaeTCX B " Y y ~ bJJIO", "AH JJ3MJ',
"LUM I J ~ M H ~ " ',' A Y H ~IOe". O A H ~ KH O
a Pa3BMTHe BHYTHHHX,
HAM "MHI'KMX'', c ~ ~ n e i?JW@y
f i O K a 3 a A a peIJlWIJJee BAMXHMe Aa-
O C C K m TeOpMX H e A e X H W , C ee HeBMeIUaTeAbCTBOM B eCTeCTBeH-
H b l f i XOA I I P M P A b I , C O ~ ~ I T M
P a~D~H O
, K a K H AWCCKMe AbIXaTeAb-
H b I e yIIya>rcHeHMX. n 0 H a q a . A y BOeHHOe MCKYCCTBO 6 b 1 ~ 0 3artXTM-
e M n p M B M A e r M p o B a . H H b l X KAXCOB. 3 a ~ GOKCOM,
e ~ 6 0 p b 6 0 f i CTa-
AM 3 a H M M a T b C X M IIPOCTOAIOAMHbI. M ~ o r u eAaDCCKMe MOHaXH
C T a U M a C T e p a M U 6 0 p b 6 b 1 6 e 3 OPYXMII. ~ O R B U A U Cpa3AMlrHble
~
KOMnAeKCbl ABMl'aTeAbHblX y n p a X H e ~ M f i( H a n p M M e p , KOMnAeKC
" n ~ XMBOTHMX"
~ b , n p r i n t l c b ~ ~ a e ~ Xy
b r ka To). U e ~ b r km a n CBX-
3bIBaeTCX C M M e H e M OCHOBaTeAX ' 1 a r t b - 6 y ~ M 3 ~ a~ O A X M A X ~ P M ~
(527 r.) M MOHaXaMM MOHaCTbIpX ~ ~ o A M HrAe ~ OH
, O~OCHOBU-
CX. C HOBbIM CTMAeM B H ~ T P ~ HCMCTeMblH ~ ~ ~ C B X 3 b I B W T MM5l 3 H a -
M e H M T O r O CYHCKOI'O nOAKOBOAga me @ 3 R (1 103- 1142). B
~ Z U b H e G l l l eIUaOAMHbCKUe
~ + O P M ~ I 6 0 ~ c aMCIIb1T;MH BAMXHMe
AZIOCCKOl'O MOHaXa YXaH Ca.Hb+sHa, XMBIUerO BO BpeMeHa
C
K ) x H ~
npameHMx AMH~~TMM ~ (1
H 127-- 1279). TPWMJJMOH-
HO CYMTaeTCR, ' I T 0 MMeHHO OH CO3Aa.A Vlclattb, O A H y M3
~ a u 6 o ~ IeI Oe n y M p H b I X B H X T O I I y e e BpeM5I @ O ~ M
BHyTHHerO
CTUIUI.~
Cor~ac~
A eor e a A e , M n e p a T o p npM3B;M 'Ixma IIOMO'Ib e M y
CnpaBMTbCX C B p a r a M M . BO C H e ~ > K ; L H IYI B M A U 6 e c c ~ e p ~ ~ b M
1 i i
OTlCpbIA C e V T , K O T O P ~AZlA
~ ~ e M y B 0 3 M O X H O C T b FOAbIMM P Y K a -
MM OAOAeTb 6 o ~ e eC T a npOTMBHMKOB. n0 Apyroii BepCMM, OA-
H W b I BO A B O p e M O H X T b I p I I 'Ix~H C ~ H ~ @YBMAeA
J H ~ M T B Y3 M e M
M X y p a B A R X y p a n ~ baTaKOBa/\ 3 M e I o , HO O H a K a . X ~ b 1 hpa3'y~ep-
Tb1B;MXb. H ~ ~ A I ~ 3 TA
0 , ~' JI Ix ~
nOHXA, Y T o YBMAeA B o n A o y e H -
HYIo B XM3HM A;U)CCKYIo MAeH) OAOAeHMII, AOCTMXeHMII n o 6 e ~ b 1
n y T e M yCT)'nOK.
B nepwoa n p a B A e H M x AMHXTMM LJMH A a O c c K M e M 6 y ~ ~ ~ k
CKMe MOHaXM n p e A O C T a B M A M y6exnye B M O H X T b I p x X CTOPOH-
HMKaM BOCCTaHOBAeHMX M H H C K O ~AMHXTMM. B p e 3 y A b T a T e pen-
peccuii M O H ~ X M n e p e 6 u p a ~ u c bB m n c H b I e , 6 o ~ e e6 e 3 0 n a c ~ b r e
paiio~ar,YTO npuneno K p a c n p o c l p a s r e H n I o zynqiy, O B A W e H M I o
er0 ~ a f i ~ aCpaIiHUTeAbHOrO
M ~ 6 o ~ b m o r oW4CAa IIpOCTbIX ~ I o ~ e f i .
f y ~ @BXOAUAO
y B CMCTeMY nOArOT0BOK B ~ a i i n u ~ c ~a poMi M i M, H e
o 6 0 1 . u ~er0
~ CBOMM BHMMilliMeM M UX324lclaHU.
A b 1 x a ~ e A b ~ b lyen p a . X H e H M I I , P e K O M e H A Y e M b I e nOCAeAOBaTe-
M M M ZYM$Y, 3PUMCTBOBaHbI H 3 AaOCCKMX PYKOBOACTB H n p e A n M -
C ~ I B ~ I O "T ~ b ~ x a s raanb
~ e m n b " , T. e. 6 p m m ~ o e K, o r A a ~Ma+par-
M a n0ABMXHa. BOT I l P M M e P O n M C W W I : n P M H f I T b n 0 3 y "BCWHM-
Ka". COCP~AOTO'ICIT~CII
Ha aa~b mRMe. A b 1 U I a ~ bY e p e 3 HOC, My-
60~0,A M ~ P ~ ~ M FpyAHaJI
O ~ , KneTKa AOluKHa OCTaBaTbCII
H ~ ~ o A B M X H OC~ H
~ .~ Y CAeAyeT CAeAaTb l ' p U BbIAOXa Y e p e 3 P O T ,
;Ma
3 a T e M AbIIlIaTb TOAbKO HOCOM. RBLIKCAeAYeT A e p X a T b y ~ e e 6 a .
O ~ e w y noxc
, p a c c ~ a 6 u ~M b T. n. [I61 .
K ~ BMAMM,
K I I p a B U A b H O e A b I X W M e M B 3TMX YIIPalKHeHMRX
M r p a e T H ~ M B ~ X H ~ p~AIb I. I B~ LJeAOM
I ~ Xe MeAMTaLJUR, AbIXa-
T e A b H b I e M ABMraTeAbHbIe ynpa>lcHeHMx MMeAM B BMAy AOCTMYb
eAHHCTBa A y X a M T e A a , n 3 6 a ~ u ~TeAO
b OT 6 o ~ e a ~ e Yh K, p e n M T b
er0, YTO MbICAMAOCb B O 3 M O X H b I M B p e 3 Y A b T a T e CAeAODaHMR 3 a K O -
H a M npMpOAb1, AOCTMXeHMII rapMOHMM C n p M p 0 ~ 0 6 .
~ O A B O A HMTOr M3AOXeHHOMY, H e A b 3 1 H e 3 a M e T M T b , YTO yC-
T O ~ Y M B O C TT~~ ~ . A u L J AOHeCAa
M~~ M3 r ~ y 6 ~ v bBeKOB
1 L J e ~ b i hP R A
364 AAOCCKM IIPAKTMKA AOCTMXEH MII EECCMEPTMII

K H T ~ ~ ~ CH
IIOAOXMTeAbHbIX 3HZiHM6 M3 O ~ A ~ C T H ~ ~
K O O A H
M eO
- ~
AHLJMHbI, @ ~ ~ M ~ K O A O I ' M M
rMrUeHb1,
, 3aqaTKM W B P ~ M ~ H H O ~
XM-
MMM, KOTOPble " ~ ~ K O H C ~ P B M ~ O B ~ A BM AaOCCKMX
C~" PeKOMeHAa-
LJMIIX, HaCTaBAeHMBX, IIpOLJeAypaX, IlpMKpbITbIe CAOeM MMCTMKM
M cyeoepwii.
 a ropa A p a ~ o M
~ Ta ~ r p a( A y ~ x y m a n b ) B nPOBMHLJMM U3IIH-
CM 6 a 1 ~CaB I I 3 W a C ABMXeHMeM He6ec~arxH X T a B H M K O B C CaMO-
ro H a q u a , n o c K o A b K y e y e AO n e p e c e A e H u H VXW A a o A M H a B
C a ~ ~ y OaH~a yXe b 6 b r ~ MeCTOM
a er0 YeAMHeHMII AA5l ~ ~ S I I I TU- M ~
X M M M ~ ~B ~n. e p ~ o kW T B e p T M 111 I% H. 3. er0 I I p a B H y K % C l H L U 3 H
(4-6 He6ec~arkH X T ~ B H M K ) BepHyACR H a ropy h y ~ x y ~ W Cb ,
T o r 0 B P e M e H H M CTPBUIYiO IJeHTPOM UIKOAbI H e 6 e c ~ b r xH X T a B -
HMKOB. B XI -XI 11 BeKaX MMIlePaTOPCKMMM 3AMKTaMM ~ ~ I A3 a H
-
KpenAeHbI npma BAil&HMII IIOTOMKOB % K w A ~ D A M H aHTOP61
~ M
o K p y x a m y y r o M e c T H o c m , n e p e A a m b 1 e MM B K a q e c T B e H a e r z a
( @ 3 n ) . B 1947 r. 63-6 H e 6 e c ~ b 1 6 H X T ~ B H M K YXW 3 H b n y
3 M M I p M P O B U B H a q a A e B C u ~ r a n y p ,a n O T O M H a T a i i n a H b , r A e B
1969 r. e M y H X A e A O B U ero nAeMRHHMK K a K 64-6 H e 6 e c ~ b 1 6
H X T a B H M K . O A H ~ KBOA y ~ x y m m b c ~ o ipe3MAeHLJMMi (~paM-
~ y s e i iB n o c e A K e L U ~ H L J M H ) M cekqac n p o r n t 4 n a e - r B H ~ KYXW
3 H b n y ( C ~ I H er0 A O Y ~ ~ UYXW ) U ~ H H ~ T~~P O~ A, C T ~ B A I I K ~ U J M ~
65-e noKoAeHMe POAa qXW. YxW U a u ~ b ~ a-
o ~ K T M B H ~ I ~
YqaCTHMK COBPeMeHHOrO AaOCCKOrO ABMXeHMII, ~~0~5Itr~clfi
T a m e B py KOBOACTBO npOBMHrJMM U~IIHCM.
t 0 X H a . B BeTBb " L J r o W b Y X e H b 1~3110"I l e p B O H a q U b H O H a 3 b I -
B W X b "IJ3MHb A W b ( " n y ~ b 30AOTa M KMHOB~PM") M ( K ~ K
M CeBePH;LII B ~ T B ~BOCXOAUAa
) K A I O X a f i ~ a H i O ,I l p e e M H M K O M KO-
T O p O r O CYMTW ce611 M BW Y>1<3 ( q y H ' b I I H q X 3 H b X e H b (1 113-
1170); >KMA B 3 a B O e B W H b I X 'i>KYPYXeHIIMH - IlpeAKM MaHbY-
>I<ypOB - 3eMAIIX, Ha3bIBaBUIMXCII ~ ~ n e p u eUk3 M H b ) . 3 T a
KUKOAa, yAeMlBIIIa.B oco6oe BHMMaHMe n H y T p e H H e 6 UXMMMM,
A U a TaKUX TeOpeTMKOB K a K YXW 6 0 ~ y ; ~ l (983
ee b - 1082) M
60 K)fi~aHb (XI11 B.). ~ O C 0A 6~ s e ~ w ~ eK~ Um T n~p M A M H X -
T m X K > a H b (1279- 1386) M MHH (1368-1644) c T % a pX-
CMaTpMBaTbCII K a K I 0 X H a . B BeTBb 6 ~ ~ 3 eii
~ n0o6YYeHMK) M n p a K -
TMKe "LJIOWb Y X e H b LJ~Ro".
" H e 6 e c ~ b 1 e~ y m u "M " s e ~ ~ b,$ymM",
~ e MAM " p a 3 y ~ ~ b r e
A ~ U I M "M " X M B O T H ~I~
AYUIH".
P 66
K H H O B ~ ~ Hn L~ IM~l " ," ~ O A I I ~ A M K C M P ~ " .
A B b ~ u l ellePeBOAMAOCb K;1K " B H Y T ~ ~ H H I I I I;IJ\XMMMII".
 C O B p e M e ~ ~ b YTeHHII
le -~3HbAfU6 H 3 ~ ~ 6 .
"UM" BbIUIe IIePeBOAMAOCb K a K "IIHeBMa", "xM~H~HH~A
YU XU6
C M A ~ " , " X H ~ H ~ H ~H H~ ~~ P~ ~ M R " . - "Mope X M ~ H ~ H H O
~ H ~ P ~ M M" M
" o, p e I ~ H ~ B M ~ I " .
' Bpa~aXM3HeHHOCTM. Mepor~u+"&UH" BbIUIe n e p e B o A u A -
CII K a K " X U ~ H ~ H H O C T ~ " .
M M ~ ~ T CB RBMAY AY KyaHbH)fi (Yap3 A ~ K ) =TOP
, "A~c-
CKOG iioru".
" B M ~ ~ Ua AOb HH0 e ( 3 a p o ~ b l U I e B O e ) Abl X W M e (ma$ CU) O~K-
TMqeCKM 6 b 1 ~ 0 M3BeCTHO yme r3 X y ~ y(284-363 MAM 343 r.
H. 3.) u onucmo HM B T p a K T a T e "6aony-gaar".
A I/13Haq&%bHaJI IIHeBMa, H3HaVaAbHaJI 3HePreTMYeCKaJI C Y ~ C -
TaHIJMII (XM3Hf2HHi3l CuAa).
M
6 o ~ e eTpZ3+$MIJHOHHOe YTeHMe MMeHH 3 T O r 0 &%XMMMKa H
M e A H K a - C y ~ CLIMO.
b
Barme ~ e p e B O ~ M A 0 cKaK
b "BH~LUHRII ~ A X M M M R " .
O K ~ n r a"Taii M LJ3MHb xya LJJ~HYXM" CBR3aHa C Tpwuguek
UIKOAbl y Y~HCIOX-AH) X y a ~ a(CM. ~ b 1 I I l e ) . 0 "LJ3UHb A a H b
~ ~ 3 1 1 0 "MAW
~ "LJ3MHb A W b ~ m " CM., IlpMMeY. 6 .
B a p WT:
~ " C O K ~ ~ B ~ H H3 M a~~aBa".
B A ~ ~ ~ C T B ~ ~ T ~ A ~ (HHO~ cCMT oMT ~ R H a AaDHlOH) K M T ~ ~ ~ C K Y
TPWMLJUH), BOCXOflYYH) K XVll B.) YxZU-I C a H b + 3 ~6 b 1 A
~mC-
CKHM OTUIeAbHUKOM, HMKaK H e CBII3aHHbIM HM C " 6 0 e ~ b 1 MMC-
~
KYCCTB~MM'' ~ 0 0 6 y e HM
, C " ~ a f i - L J 3 M LJiOaHb" B YaCTHOCTM.
BBEAEHME ...................................................................... 5

E. A. TOP~MHOB
M O C M 3 M M TPAAMLJMOHHbIE
K M T A ~ ~ C K MCMCTEMbl
E
~ ~ C M X O @ M ~ M Z I E CTPEHMPOBKM
KO~~~ ..............5

TAABA I
ycmam6aenue ayxa
6 ezo ucxo&i~iinoaocmu ........................................ 4,0

TAABA 11
M u ~ p o m c ~ u v e c mKomea.
e u nmb ........................ 5 3

I'AABA I11
Oltuyenue d o c b ~ u~nepzemuvecmx~anaa.06.....6 7

I'AABA V
~ ..................... .....
6blcmpblG 24 M d d e ~ r t b tOZHu 93

TAABA V1
Co6upawe MuxpoKocMuqecKozo
6nympennezo aamMuqecKozo
3ae~enma............................................................. 1 22

rAABA VII
Aepmambcs qenmpa ocylyecm6aenm
ehncm6a ne6a u s e u u .................................... 130
rAABA XI11
Cobupanue MaxpoKocncuvecmzo
UAXUMU'CeCIC020 3AeMCHtna
~A.X olcowtamene~wzonpopbt6a ............................. 220

rAABA XIV
06pa306anue becc~epmmzo3apo8~ruca............. 237
rAABA XV
Bbzxo8 ................................................................... 2 49
rAABA XVI
Ilox6nenue 6 npocmpancm6e ................................ 26 5
CAOBAPb TEPMMHOB .................................................. 26 8