3/19/2010

Konverter AC-AC

Pekik Argo Dahono

Penggunaan
• AC Power Supplies
• Stabilisator tegangan
• Variable Speed AC Drives
• Lamp dimmer
• Static VAR Compensators
• AC Switches
• Soft Starter

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Macam Konverter AC-AC

• Direct AC-AC Voltage Converters
• Cycloconverters
• Indirect AC-AC Converters:
- DC Link
- AC Link
• Matrix Converters

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Direct AC-AC Voltage Converters

Komponen utama:
- TRIAC
- Antiparallel connected
two thyristors
Teknik kendali:
- Integral cycle
- Phase control

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Integral cycle control

• Almost no transient or
EMI problems
• Can only be used for
applications with large vs
“inertia”.
• The control ratio is vo
limited.

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Phase-Controlled AC-AC Voltage

Converters : Resistive Load
T1
• Input voltage is sinusoidal. is io

• Output voltage and +

vs T2 vo
current waveforms are the R

same.
• Input and output current vs
waveforms are the same. is

• Power factor is less than

unity.
α vo io

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Phase-Controlled AC-AC Voltage

Converters : Resistive Load
Tegangan output :
1/ 2
2Vs2 π  π − α + 12 sin 2α 
∫α
2
Vo = sin θdθ = Vs  
π  π 
Vo
I s = Io =
R
VA sumber :
VAs = Vs I s
Daya Beban :
P = Vo I o = Vo2 / R
Faktor Daya :
1/ 2
 π − α + 12 sin 2α 
PF = P / VAs =  
 π 
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Phase-Controlled AC-AC Voltage

Converters : Inductive Load
T1
• Output voltage and is io

current waveforms are +

vs T2 R
different. L
vo

• Output and input current

waveforms are the same. vs

is
• Source power factor is less
than the load power factor.
α vo
io

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Three-Phase AC-AC Voltage Converters :

Resistive Loads

va vb vc
va
T1 ia
iA vA
N + A n

T2
vb T3
iB vB
+ B

R
vab
T4
vc
T5
iC vC
+ C

T6

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Three-Phase AC-AC Voltage Converters :

Resistive Loads

va vb vc va vb vc
ia
ia

vab

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Static VAR Compensators

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AC Choppers

is io
S1 es
+

es S2 vo Load

vo

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AC Chopper
is ii

io
+ Ls iCs
S1
es Cs vi vb Load

S2
S3 S4

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Experimental Result

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AC Chopper

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Single-Phase Cycloconverters

is
io
is
+

vs Load vo vs

positive negative

α p +αn = π

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Three-Phase to Three-Phase Cycloconverters

Sumber 3 - fasa

Motor
3 - fasa

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DC Link AC-AC Converters

AC source AC load
Voltage - Type Voltage - Type
Rectifier Inverter

AC source AC load
Current - Type Current - Type
Rectifier Inverter

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AC Link AC-AC Converter

AC source AC load
Voltage - Type Voltage - Type
Rectifier Inverter

Parallel AC resonant link

AC source AC load
Current - Type Current - Type
Rectifier Inverter

Series AC resonant link

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AC-Link AC-AC Converters

vs

vo

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Matrix Converters
S1 euo
is io S1

u S2 u
S2
S3
+
evo S4
es vo Load
v S5 v
0 n
S3 S6

ewo
S4 S7
w S8 w
S9

Neither dc nor dc link is used in this converter

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PWM Technique for Three-Phase Matrix Converter

vwv vuv vuw vvw vvu vwu

Let consider when vuv is the highest.

During this period, switches S7, S8, and S9 are not used.
Let also assume that:
*
vun *
= k sin θ vvn ( )
= k sin θ − 2π v*wn = k sin θ + 2π
3
( 3
)
*
IF vun >car THEN S1 closed ELSE S4 closed
* >car THEN S2 closed ELSE S5 closed
IF vvn
IF v*wn >car THEN S3 closed ELSE S6 closed
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