Chap 1 TO 3 SOCIAL MEDIA For Final Defense

Union College of Laguna
1947 Santa Cruz, Laguna
PAGE i
LEVEL OF EXPOSURE IN SOCIAL MEDIA AND ITS EFFECTS

ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PUPILS’ IN
SELECTED PUBLIC ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS,
DIVISION OF BIÑAN CITY, PROVINCE OF LAGUNA
A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the
Faculty of Graduate Studies
Santa Cruz, Laguna
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Master of Arts in Education
Major in Administration and Supervision
DIOGENDA G. BALITAON
March 2020
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APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis entitled “THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN PUBLIC ELEMENTARY
SCHOOLS DIVISON OF BIÑAN CITY”, prepared and submitted by
DIOGENDA G. BALITAON, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the degree of Master of Arts in Education, Major in Administration and
Supervision, is hereby recommended for Oral Examination and Defense.
Passed the comprehensive examination given on ____________

with a grade of _____%
___________________________
Adviser
Approved by the committee and tribunal on an oral examination

and defense with a final grade of _____ this ____ day of ________ in
the year _______.
__________________________________
Chair
_______________________ ___________________
Member Member
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree

Master of Arts in Education Major in Administration and Supervision.
LITO F. NOROÑA, Ed. D.

Dean, Graduate Studies
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, the researcher would like to extend her
sincere thanks to Dr. LITO F. NOROÑA, Dean, Graduate Studies of
Union College of Laguna, for his expertise, constant support and
encouragement in this endeavor. The researcher appreciates all his
contributions of time, efforts and ideas to make her Master of Arts
experience productive and stimulating.
Secondly, the researcher would like to express her sincere
gratitude to her considerate professor, Mrs. Juvy L. Tobias, for her
assistance, encouragement, guidance and opportunities that she
provided throughout the process in completing this research.
Likewise, the researcher would like to express her grateful
appreciation to, Dr. Carmelita R. Mirandilla, Mr. Eduardo L. Militante,
Mrs. Teresita V. Sia, Mr. Redentor L. Abadier, Engr. Nenita L. Coronacion
Mrs. Remily D. Samonte and Engr. Alexander E. Carandang, for their
valuable advices, tolerance and guidance in writing her thesis.
Completion of the project was impossible without their continuous
assistance.
The researcher owes her most sincere gratitude to the
OIC/Principal of Felicisimo T. San Luis National High School, Dr.

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Menandro A. Zubieto, to allow his time for collection of necessary data.
His approach towards the study was enthusiastic and full of curiosity.
The researcher is also thankful to her co-teachers, especially to
Mrs. Maricel S. Papa, Chief Adviser of Grade – 8 School Year 2014-
2015, for their cooperation and the students for being disciplined and
cooperative during the time of data collection.
The researcher’s sincere thanks to Dr. Rosemarie D. Sabado, for
her love, words of encouragement, motivation, valuable thoughts and
advice to the researcher from time to time.
The researcher’s warm thanks to her friends at all times,
Robie, Nelli, Grynne, Leslie, Chel, Sabel, Machiel, Ronel, Naneth and
Madie for providing moral support and motivation to her at various
stages of the research work.
The researcher owes her loving thanks to her husband, Alejandro
Miras Lipit, for providing immense strength and support throughout
the completion of this work.
Her special love and gratitude to her kids, Heshvan Abraham,
Heidz Alezandra, Helena Arabelle, and Heizel Angelica, who brought in
lots of motivation and positivity during the periods that were low and
disappointing.
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The researcher is very thankful to the Almighty God for
giving her the opportunity to take up the masteral research and
culminate it into a worthy experience.
All who are not mentioned but in one way or another helped in
the completion of this study, thank you very much.
J.O.L.
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DEDICATION
The research whole-heartedly dedicate to this research to family;
her husband,
Mr. Alejandro Miras Lipit
her son,
Heshvan Abraham
her daughters,
Heidz Alezandra
Helena Arabelle
and Heizel Angelica
her mother,
Mrs. Genoveva Palomo Obdosantos
her siblings,
Jonnie and Emmanuel
and to GOD, the LORD Almighty.
J.O.L.
“Commit to the LORD whatever you do, and your plans will succeed.”
Proverbs 16:3
PAGE vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preliminaries Page
Title Page....................................................................................................i
Approval Sheet..........................................................................................ii
Acknowledgement.....................................................................................iii
Dedication.................................................................................................vi
Table of Contents.....................................................................................vii
List of Tables..............................................................................................x
List of Figure..............................................................................................x
Abstract....................................................................................................xii
Chapter
1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING..................................1

INTRODUCTION............................................................1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY..................................4
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.....................................9
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK....................................12
THE PROBLEM............................................................15
Statement of the Problem.......................................15
Null Hypotheses......................................................16
Scope and Delimitation of the Study......................16
Significance of the Study........................................17
DEFINITION OF TERMS.............................................20
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2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES. . .28

FOREIGN LITERATURE..............................................28
LOCAL LITERATURE..................................................54
FOREIGN STUDIES....................................................62
LOCAL STUDIES.........................................................90
3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND PROCEDURE.....................105

RESEARCH DESIGN................................................105
Research Method.................................................105
Research Instrument............................................106
Research Locale...................................................108
Subjects of the Study............................................108
Sampling Technique.............................................108
Statistical Treatment of Data.................................110
RESEARCH PROCEDURE........................................111
4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF

DATA 113
Subproblem 1.............................................................114
Subproblem 2.............................................................116
Subproblem 3.............................................................117
Subproblem 4.............................................................119
5 SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS.........................................................................136
SUMMARY.................................................................136
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FINDINGS..................................................................136
CONCLUSIONS.........................................................141
RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................144
BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................147
A. Books 147
B. Periodicals.......................................................................148
C. Unpublished Materials.....................................................153
D. Other Sources.................................................................155
APPENDICES.......................................................................................159
A. Letter of Request.............................................................160
B. Questionnaire..................................................................162
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LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Title Page
1 The Respondents of the Study………………..… 48

2 The Learning Domains ………..…………………. 49
3 Students’ Level of Understanding
Of Scientific Knowledge…………………. 50
4 Students’ Level of Acquisition
Of Scientific Processes and Skills……... 50
5 Students’ Level of Scientific Attitudes
And Values Formation ….………...…..… 50
6 Response Statements…………………..……… 52
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LIST OF FIGURE
Figure No. Title Page
1 Paradigm of the Study.......................................................14

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THESIS ABSTRACT
The present study basically ought to identify the preferred
learning style and level of self-esteem of students. The study also
explored the relationship of learning styles with self-esteem. The sample
of the study consisted of 208 public secondary school students. The
constructed Learning Styles Questionnaire based on Dunn and Dunn
Model was used to assess the preferred learning style of Grade 8
students of Felicisimo T. San Luis National High School. While, the 10-
item Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was used to determine the level of
self-esteem of students. The data collected from their responses on the
questionnaires were analyzed in terms of percentages and frequencies
using statistical software. To see if there are any significant relationships
between students’ learning styles and their self-esteem, chi-square tests
were computed. Based from the findings of the study presented, the
following conclusions were drawn:
Of the 22 elements of learning style (categorized into five
aspects) assessed by learning styles questionnaire, Grade 8 students
were found to have mix preferences. Most of them prefer music or other
sound rather than quiet environment when studying. They need bright
light and prefer cool temperatures and believe they do not perform as
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well when they are warm. They enjoy sitting in formal design (wooden,
steel or plastic chair) and can work in them for long periods of time.
Often students need external motivation from their teachers or parents.
They are persistent learners who move from the beginning of a task to
the end in a series of discrete stages. They prefer to work only one thing
at a time, once they begin something, they stay with it until it is
completed. They also prefer to learn in a greater variety of ways.
Students also preferred to study in group with their classmates or peers,
and need the authority of their teachers and parents to know whether
they are in the right track. Most of the students are visual learners. They
like to receive information from pictures, graphs, diagrams and visual
media. While others adopted auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles. As
auditory learners, students learn best by listening, they learn the things
they really concentrate on by listening. As kinesthetic learners, they learn
well through whole body involvement and direct experience. The
students, least preferred perceptual modality is tactile. They concentrate
better with some form of intake such as food or drink while they are
studying or doing homework. They appear to learn best in the late
morning to noon time. They are most alert, most easily attentive and best
behaved at that time. Often they find it difficult to remain in the same
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place for long periods of time. The students are more globally oriented.
This means they assimilate and process information best when they
understand the overall concept before working through the details. They
also have moderate impulsive preference which means they prefer to act
quickly when making decisions and solving problems, a characteristic of
youngsters nowadays. The results also indicated that top ten
common learning style preferences among Grade 8 students are global,
visual, auditory, persistent, prefer structure, prefer bright light, variety,
need motivation, formal seating, and need movement, in order of highest
percentages.
On the level of self-esteem, the Grade 8 students have
moderately level of self-esteem. According to Manning (2007), this is
normal for Grade 8 students who are in teenage years. Students at this
stage of life frequently display a decline in self-esteem. This decrease
represents their adaptive reaction to physical and psychological changes
they experience.
Finally, it is concluded that generally, students’ learning styles are
not related with their self-esteem. Learning styles thus neither enhance
nor impair their feeling of wellness and self-worth. Self-esteem is not a
single entity. It is an amalgamation of self-confidence, concept and

PAGE xv
image of self, self-respect and assertiveness which stems up from
factors related to school, family, and society. Positive experiences in
school increase ones self-esteem, but not directly with their style of
learning. This is seen as a possible reason for the insignificant
relationship between learning styles and self-esteem. However, knowing
students preferred learning style can increase their effectiveness in
school and can enhance their self-esteem.

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PAGE 2
2. What is the level of the academic performance of the grade six pupils
in their final grades in the first quarter in terms of:
2.1. English;
2.2. Math;
2.3. Science;
2.4. Filipino?
3. Is there any effect of the level of exposure of social media on the
academic performance of the pupils in the first quarter?
Null Hypotheses
The study tested the hypotheses that:
HO1 There is no significant effect of the use of social media on the
academic performance of the pupils in the first quarter.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The following were the scope and delimitations of the present
research.
The present study covered twenty (20) grade six pupils for they
are the ones who have many access on social media and who uses it for
at least an hour and above and who have 85-90 percent average grade
in the first quarter in order to have valid data and to ensure the level of
performance of the public elementary schools Division of Biñan City.

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The variables of the study include the level of exposure of
students in social media sites in terms of its characteristics and the
frequency of using social media. The level of the academic performance
in English, Math, Science, and Filipino of the pupils are also tested to
see the influence of social media in this aspect
The study was done during this School Year 2019-2020 in the
selected public elementary school in the schools Division Office of Biñan
City.
Significance of the Study
The findings of the study are deemed significant to the following
sectors:
Curriculum Designers. The present research will enable them to
design a more comprehensive curriculum that consider how social media
can be beneficial in the teaching-learning process. Many educational
experts have acknowledged that social media site really influence
learning, when planned according to what the students need, can benefit
positive influence on the student academic performance.
Policy makers. The research attempts at making serious efforts on how
social media influence the academic performance of the students.

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Through them they can make policy on the use of social media sites in
learning that will have a positive influence on the pupils’ academic
performance.
School Administrators. The findings ofthis study will provide them with
information on how to control the use of gadgets that the students
brought in school. Positive discipline will be imposed so that they are
guided with what the right thing to do once they enter in the school
premises.
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Teachers. The study will assist them in discovering how this social
media site will use for educational learning. Through the result of this
study they will be able to know what particular approach is needed what
benefit that social media could give to their students.
Parents.The results will help to involve them in supporting their
children’s through guiding them the right thing to do. Making them
involve in helping the school to insist the right time when to use social
media site.
Students.The skills that the students possess in accessing and using
the social media are really a big help to them in so many ways. In this
study for them to realize the positive and negative effect of social media
in their studies yet make up for their short comings and use social media
if there is only a need or consume only few of their time of using social
media.
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Future Researchers. The results of the study can help them to look into
other variables related to this study.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
The following terms are hereby defined operationally for the
purpose of clarity.
Academic Performance. It refers to the outcome of education,
the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their
educational goals. Academic performance is commonly measured by
examinations or the general rating obtained by the students every end of
the quarterly period.
Community Driven. The feature of social media which allow the
pupils to make friends with other people and communicate with them.
Emotions. The feature of social media which allows the pupils to
express their feeling and emotions.
Frequency of Using Social Media. This refer to the number of
times the students use the social media site if once, twice, thrice and so
on.
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Interactive. It is feature of social media which allows the grade
six pupils to relate and interact with their online friends through chat and
games.
Level of exposure of Students in Social Media. It is the
students experience on a certain thing like exposure to social media
sites like Facebook, and Twitter.
Social Media. Is the collective of online communications
channels dedicated to community-based input, interaction, content-
sharing and collaboration. Websites and applications dedicated to
forums, micro blogging, social networking, social bookmarking, social
duration, and wikis are among the different types of social media.
Selected. The schools where the chosen respondents of the
study came from. (WHAT ARE THESE SCHOOLS?)
User-based. The feature of social which lets the grade six pupils
manipulate its content such as posting messages and editing them.

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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This section presents literature and studies both from foreign and
local sources which are relevant to this investigation. They are reviewed
to support the problems being studied.
FOREIGN LITERATURE
Features of Social Media Sites
According to the Boyd and Ellison (2007) article entitled “Why
Youth Heart, Social Networking Site: the role of networked publics in
teenage life?” It shares a variety of technical features that allows
individuals to construct a public or semi-public office, articulate list of
their users that they share connection with and view their list of
connections within the system. In an article titled ‘social networking sites’
definition and scholarship, Boyd and Ellison adopt Sunden’s (2003)
description of profiles as unique pages where one can type oneself into
being a profile is generated from answer to question, such as age,
location and interest. Some site allows users upload pictures’, add
multimedia content or modify the look of their profile. For instance, 2go
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allows the user to update their status and change profile pictures and BB
chat that allows them change display picture, name and status. They
allow them search for users and share a list of contact and there are
sections dedicated to comments from friends and other users. To protect
their privacy, they have a control that allows users to choose who can
view their profile, contact and add them to their list of contacts
Time Allotted in Using Social Media
According to news agency News poll, Mensah and Nizam
(2016). , 99% of teenagers aged 16 to 17 years use social networks and
78 percent of children aged 8-9visit sites like Facebook, young people
spend up to 7 hours a day in them. Truth be told, a huge number of
individuals today don't speak to their lives without every day visits to
interpersonal organizations, draw data from the news sources of Internet
destinations, convey through remarks from different networks, and so
forth.
Extent of Social Media
Social media is the collective of online communications channels
dedicated to community-based input, interaction, content-sharing and
collaboration. Websites and applications dedicated to forums,
microblogging, social networking, social bookmarking, social curation,

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and wikis are among the different types of social media. Some prominent
examples of social media are Facebook, Twitter, Google, Wikipedia,
Linkedin, Reddit, and Penterest (Rouse (n.d.).
The use of social media in education provides students with the
ability to get more useful information, to connect with learning groups
and other educational systems that make education convenient. Social
network tools afford students and institutions with multiple opportunities
to improve learning method (The Role of Social Media in Education
(2017).
Social network is a social structure made up of individuals or
organizations called “nodes”, which are tied (connected) by one or more
specific types of interdependency, such as friendship, kinship, common
interest financial exchange, dislike, sexual relationships or relationships
of beliefs, knowledge or prestige (Adeboye, 2012, cited in Asemah and
Edegoh,2012).
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LOCAL LITERATURE
Tamayo et al (2014) said in today’s generation, gadgets become
kids’ constant companion. There are lots of versions and variations of
these gadgets which are now available in the market. One of the
features of a gadget which make it more appealing to the public is its
capacity to stay connected in the Internet. The target market of these
gadgets are mostly students since this technology for youngsters serve
as their playmates too. Internet, indeed, has been part of a child’s life in
today’s generation. In the 2012 survey conducted by Cartoon Network,
the Philippines made it on top among the kids that use technology or
gadgets most in Asia-Pacific. Internet offers countless applications, such
as gamings, search engines and the phenomenal Social Media which
anyone can easily access in the Internet for free.
According to the survey conducted by comScore, Inc., a global
leader in measuring the digital world and preferred source of digital
marketing intelligence, Filipino internet users are the most engaged in
social networking online, a leading online audience measurement
service on year 2010. In a press statement, comScore said the
Philippines has the highest social networking usage in the Asia-Pacific

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region with more than 90% of its entire Web population visiting a social
networking site during the month of February 2010, followed by Australia
(89.6% penetration) and Indonesia (88.6% penetration)..
Astodello (2016) said since students are highly motivated to using
social media sites the majority of them use these to satisfy their social
needs more than their academic needs. They have the freedom to do
whatever they want – they can upload or download data, they can make
new friends and comment on other people’s lives, and they can even
create other online identities the real world does not allow. It has been
observed too that the majority of the students nowadays, particularly
those in the secondary level, spend most of their time chatting with their
acquaintances, playing online games, and watching videos instead of
reading their lessons, making their assignments, and other academic
requirements. The main reason is when they work or search their
materials online they get attracted to social networking sites to kill
boredom during study time, diverting their attention from their work. The
darker side of this that has gained the attention of many parents is that
some students are getting lazier and are no longer interested in going to
school. This is probably due to being extensively indulged to get global
access and therefore leading them to perform less academically.

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FOREIGN STUDIES
Frequency of Using Social Media
Qi (2019) revealed that frequent social media usage of students
led to increased communication among group members and that
communication in group enhanced the perceived group task
performance of students. Finally, tie strength negatively moderated the
relationship between social media usage and communication in group.
Time Allotted in Using Social Media
Based on the study of Alwagait, Shazad and Alim (2014), it was
found that social media usage on weekly basis displayed a positive skew
where most students do not use social media excessively. Respondents
in their study felt that time management and football were factors that
contributed towards negative academic performance besides excessive
social media use.
As shown in the study of Choney (2010) due to the increased
popularity of Social Networking Sites (SNSs), economists and professors
are questioning whether grades of students are being affected by how
much time is being spent on these sites. Essentially, the environment
and other factors may affect the way a student views learning and
studying. Truly SNSs are one of the factors that can affect student’s time,
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insight, and outlook about learning and studying. With the prevalence of
SNSs, the study of Karpinski and Kirschner (2010) validated that
students’ study time and their academic performance could be affected
Apuke (2016) revealed that students of Taraba State University
have access to the internet and that they do so through different
mediums such as smart phones, tablets and computers. The study also
postulate that students who spend more time on social media are likely
to perform poorly in their academic activities than those who do not. The
study recommends that students should decrease their introduction to
social media and give careful consideration to their studies. Students,
particularly those ready to record gigantic scholarly achievement should
guard themselves against the successive utilization of social media.
Social media are online technology platforms that help to connect people
together far and near. It is used to build relationship among people
Social Media by Students (2017). With their help, we can communicate
with each other, even on different continents, listen to music, read books,
look at photos and much more. Social media have greatly simplified our
lives and tightly tied to them selves
Academic Performance of the Students

PAGE 15
Talaue et al. (2018) summarized that social networks becomes an
integral part of the students’ full life, took up most of their free time.
Undoubtedly, in social networks, there are also things useful for the
development of the students. In addition, communication with peers
through social networks can help a student socialize, find new friends,
discuss with them issues related to studies. Thus, it can be concluded
that social media have a dual impact on student achievement, and it is
necessary to approach adolescents' use of social networks with ultimate
responsibility.
Amin et.al (2016) found out that academic outcome of students
who spent most of their time interacting using social media are positive
because they were able to share and generate ideas and concepts
related to their studies. They also use these sites for having fun as these
social media sites are helpful in their academic work.
A similar study revealed that online social media had improved
the communication between the faculty member and students which
facilitate the communication of the correct information and improve
understanding and the development of the ideas and the courses. Based
on the information collected, it is noticeable to say that the use of the

PAGE 16
social media during the lecture time is not recommended (Abousaber
and Oueder (2018).
Mensah and Nizam (2016) concluded in their study that social
media platforms has a significant impact on students’ academic
performance in Malaysia tertiary institutions. Nevertheless, among the
six variables used in their study, time appropriateness and health
addiction has a stronger significant influence on students’ academic
performance. This is because time management plays an essential role
in determining the success and failure of an individual. Thus students
who lack time management can easily fall prey to the negative impact of
social media. Likewise, health and addiction, students who are
engrossed with social media platforms ends up skipping meals which
has health impact.
According to the study of Owusu-Acheaw and Larson (2015), it
was revealed that the use of social media had affected the academic
performance of their respondents negatively and further confirmed that
there was a strong positive relationship between the use of social media
and academic performance. Their study further revealed that most of
their respondents use social media sites to chat rather than for academic
purpose.
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However, in the study of in Kogi State University found out that
the exposure of the students to social media have effect on their
academic performance. Evident show that social media have negative
influence on the academic performance of students. Students who
spend more time on social media are likely to perform poorly in their
academics this is because instead of reading books, thy spend time
chatting and making friends via social media and this will definitely have
negative effect on their academic performance (Asemah and Okpanachi
(2013).
Moreover, Leyrer-Jackson et al. (2018) found that GPA negatively
correlated with the number of social-media websites to which students
subscribe (p < 0.05). Furthermore, we found that using more social-
media websites correlated positively with the amount of time students
spend using social-media platforms on a daily basis. Although previous
studies indicate that social-media websites should be incorporated into
the classroom, our results suggest that this addition may have negative
effects on the study habits and academic performance.
Hassell and Sukalich (2016) indicated that after controlling for
self-regulation, social media use was negatively associated with
academic self-efficacy and academic performance. Additionally,

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academic self-efficacy mediated the negative relationship between social
media use and satisfaction with life. They concluded that there are
negative relationships between social media use and academic
performance, as well as with academic self-efficacy beliefs. Academic
self-efficacy beliefs mediate the negative relationship between social
media use and satisfaction with life. These relationships are present
even when controlling for individuals' levels of self-regulation.
Wandera et al (2016) examined the social media use and on-line
learning become more prevalent in education, it is important to continue
to understand the impact that social media has on improving students'
ability to achieve their academic goals. This study provides insight on
how students used social media and how social media use has
influenced academic development in their cohort environment. In
addition, this paper provides a discerning view into the role social media
plays when developing a collaborative learning environment in a cohort.
Rostaminezhad et al. (2018) revealed that the direct effect of
social networking on academic performance and engagement was
negative but its impact on informal learning was positive. Path analysis
showed neither informal learning nor academic engagement can
mediate negative effect of social networking on academic performance.

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Oye (2012) further observed that most of the students do feel that
social networking sites have more positive impact on their academic
performance. In another study conducted by Shana (2012), it was
revealed that students use social network mainly for making friends and
chatting. The result showed that only 26 percent of the students
(respondents) indicated that they use social media for academic
purpose.
LOCAL STUDIES
Frequency of Using Social Media
Javellana (2014) revealed and was concluded that the internet is
the most frequently used media with the respondents using it often; the
level of body area satisfaction of the respondents is mostly satisfied;
magazines have the strongest negative relationship with the weight of
the respondents; and, measures such as media awareness seminars
and screening and balancing of commercials and advertisements on
television and magazines are needed in order to balance the effects of
media on students.
Morallo (2014) showed a statistically significant positive
relationship between time spent by students on Social Networking Sites

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(SNSs) and their academic performance. The student-respondents
tended to use SNSs to interact with their friends and not use for
academic reasons. Specifically, the study found out that the higher the
time spent on SNSs showed the lower is the time spent on studying.
Hence, correlation analysis showed an inverse relationship between the
GPA and the number of SNSs accounts being maintained by the
students, the frequency of SNSs use, since when they have SNSs,
length of SNSs use, and the number of study hours. The results revealed
that as these mentioned variables increases, the GPA also increases,
showing that SNSs had made a contribution in the attainment of higher
grades. However, such relationships are not significant. Therefore, the
study found that SNSs usage had no significant relationship on student
academic performance. The improvement in the grade relies on other
factors within the teaching-learning process and thus could not be
attributed to the use of SNS alone.
Academic Performance of the Students

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The study of Tess (2013) found that Social Media are making a
tremendous effect nearly in every aspect of life. In fact, it had shifted as
a tool for extending academic learning and communication. SNSs are
web-based application that allow individuals to create profile and share
information with friends within the system. This “SNSs phenomenon” had
permeated on the students and became the latest online avenue for
social interactions, as well as academic interaction.
Researchers all over the world have varied findings on the effects
of these forms of media on the academic performance of students.
Those students who used the media wisely, their academic performance
improved. However, those who failed to regulate their use of these social
networking tools negatively affected their studies which oftentimes led to
their addicted use. In general, the study found out that the exposure of
the students to the social networking media positively affected their
academic performance. Hence, the school must implement policies and
projects designed for more easy access of the students to the Facebook
network site in the school campus. In contrast, there is also this very
disturbing finding of the study which disclosed that the students used the
social networking media almost daily since majority of them answered to
have used said form of media 5-6 days a week at an average of about 1-
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2 hours every session. With this data, it is recommended that the USM
must regulate the proper time usage by the students of social networking
media in the campus in order not to destruct with their classroom
activities (Kulidtod and Pasagui, 2017).
The abovementioned literature and studies were interconnected
to one another because they provide further discussions of the
relationship of exposure in social media and the academic performance
of the pupils.
PAGE 23
Chapter 3
RESEARCH DESIGN AND PROCEDURE
This chapter presents the brief description of the method used in
the conduct of the study, the locale, the respondents of the study, the
data gathering instrument, the statistical treatment of data, and the
procedure followed in the conduct of the study.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research Method
Since the objective of the study was to determine the influence of
social media on academic performance of the students in public
elementary schools in the Division of Biñan City, the researcher utilized
the descriptive survey method of research. This method is employed
because it involved descriptive, recording, analysis, and interpretations
of existing conditions.
PAGE 24
According to Mccombes (2019) descriptive research aims to
accurately and systematically describe a population, situation or
phenomenon. It can answer what, when, where, when and how
questions, but not why questions. To determine cause and effect,
experimental research is required.
Descriptive research is an appropriate choice when the research
aim is to identify characteristics, frequencies, trends, correlations, and
categories that is why the author chose this method.
Research Instrument
The following assessment instruments is used to acquire the data:
The questionnaires is the main sources of getting information
from the respondents. It is a self-structured questionnaire where the
author uses the information and data gathered from the different sources
and is properly acknowledged.
The questionnaire covers the exposure of the pupils in social
media in terms of its characteristics and the frequency of use of social
media which is the first part of the questionnaires. It included twenty (20)
questions which pertained to the exposure of the students in social
media.
PAGE 25
The second part is about the academic performance of the pupils
which came from the final rating of the pupils each quarter in their
different subject areas.
Research Locale
The schools where the researcher conducted her research study
was the selected public elementary school in the Division of Biñan City
particularly Grade Six pupils in the municipality of Biñan, Laguna.
Historically, Biñan is nationally recognized in the books related to
the biography of José Rizal, the country’s national hero. It was in June
1869 when José Rizal as a young boy went to Biñan with his brother
Paciano. They proceeded to his aunt’s house near the town proper
where they were to be lodged. Here, his first formal education was
entrusted to Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz who after a year and a half
of tutelage advised young Rizal to continue higher education in Manila.
In honor of José Rizal, a plaque of recognition was bestowed on the
house where he stayed at. A monument now stands at the center of
Biñan’s town plaza in recognition of Biñan’s affiliation to Rizal.
DepEd Division of Biñan, City has twenty-six (26) public
elementary schools, eight (8) public junior high school and six (5) senior
high schools.
PAGE 26
Division of Biñan City particularly public elementary schools is
chosen for this study for several reasons. The school fit the
characteristics in which this study is looking for. The location is well
industrialized and supported by the local governments in the different
school programs and projects. Since it is considered as urban city the
people are really expose to technology.
Subjects of the Study
The school was also located in the vicinity where many of the
students lived. And since the researcher is a teacher of the said
institution, she is very familiar with the school. Thus, the research
employed twenty (20) pupils from different elementary schools in the
vicinity of Binan city.

PAGE 27
Sampling Technique
Involved in the conduct of the study were the twenty (20) grade
six students of the selected public elementary schools, school year
2019-2020. The researcher identified the respondents using purposive
sampling technique to ensure that the select respondents are all grade
six students who has access in social media for at least an hour or
beyond and whose grades range from 85-90 percent to make sure that
the respondents have the same level of performance in major subjects
such as English, Mathematics, Science, and Filipino.
Statistical Treatment of Data
The researcher gathered all the data from survey results and
conducted an analysis of the information looking into the influence of
social media on academic performance of the pupils. Each item is
analyzed to provide answers to the guiding questions presented in
Chapter 1.
For sub problem 1, the profile of the respondents is examined
using simple statistic techniques such as frequency distribution and
percentages. Percentage was computed using the formula below .

PAGE 28
f
%   100
N
where, % = percentage
f = frequency
N = total number of students
For sub problem 2, the extent of social media is also evaluated
using weighted mean as stated in the formula below:
ƩWX
X=
N
Where:
W = points (5, 4, 3, 2, 1)
X = number of respondents per weight
N = total number of respondents
For the level of the academic performance of the pupils the final
rating of the pupils will be the basis of the data as per learning area.
Evaluated according to the following scale:
Scale:
90 & Above (Advanced) ;
85-89 (Proficient);
80-84 (Advanced Proficiency);

PAGE 29
75-79 (Developing);
74 & below (Beginning)
For sub problem 3, to check the influence of social media on the
academic performance of the pupils, the researcher performed the chi-
square test of independence.
O  E 2
2   E
where,  2 = chi-square statistics
O = observed cell frequency
E = expected or theoretical frequencies
All quantitative analysis was performed with the help of statistical
program.
RESEARCH PROCEDURE
After permission from Schools Division Superintendent was
granted to conduct the study, the researcher consulted various school
authorities in the gathering of information pertinent to the research.
Population of Grade 6 students are the subjects for study who were
PAGE 30
taken from the official record available at the Principal Office of the
Selected Public Elementary Schools.
The researcher wasl personally administer the questionnaire after
proper coordination has been made with the school principal and
teachers of Grade 6 students. Administration of the questionnaire is
mostly done during the vacant period of the researcher to facilitate data
gathering and retrieval following the rule of time on task.
The data gathered was tallied, categorized and subjected to
descriptive and inferential statistics analyses. The statistical processing
will be conducted using statistical formula. Percentage and chi-square
test of independence will be used to treat the data. The statistical limit
set in testing the hypothesis was at 5% level of significance.

PAGE 31
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. Book
Alwagait, E., Shahzad, B. (2014). Impact of social media usage on

students’ academic performance in Saudi Arabia, Computers in
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Boyd, T. I., & Ellison, M. (2007). Influence of social media on

psychosocial behaviour and academic performance of secondary
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36-46.
B. Periodicals
Abousaber, I., Oueder, M. (2018). A Study on the Impact of Social Media

Usage on Student Academic Performance: University of Tabuk an
Example. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering,
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Adeboye, S. (2012). Social Networking Usage Questionnaire:

Development and Validation in an Indian Higher Education
Context. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 19(4),
214-227
Amin, Z., Mansoor, A,.et.al (2016).Impact of Social Media of Student’s

Academic Performance.International Journal Business and
Management Invention, 5(4), pp. 22-29
Apuke, O. D. (2016). The influence of social media on academic

performance of undergraduate students of Taraba state university,
Jalingo, Nigeria. Research on Humanities and Social Science,
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Asemah, E.S and Edegoh, L.O.N. (2013). Influence of new media sexual
contents on the sexual behaviour of Kogi State University
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(1& 2).
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Asemah, S., Okpanachi, R. (2013). Influence of social media on the

academic performance of the undergraduate students of Kogi
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negative-use-social-media-students/
PAGE 35
SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES
Name: (Optional) __________________________________________

School: __________________________________________________
PART I. Level of Exposure of the Pupils’ in Social Media
Directions: Kindly answer the following statements by checking (  )

the appropriate number that corresponds to your honest view and
evaluation. Use the scale below.
Scale:
Highly Evident - 5
Evident - 4
Moderately Evident - 3
Poorly Evident - 2
Not Evident - 1
Exposure in Social Media Scale

Social media helps me increase my grades in 5 4 3 2 1
major subjects because I…..
INTERACTIVE
1. Connect with my friends freely.

2. Relate my thoughts with other
people.
3. Communicate with the people in the
chat room.
4. Interact with my friends through
games.
5. Deal with other people instantly.

Chap 1 TO 3 SOCIAL MEDIA For Final Defense

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Union College of Laguna

1947 Santa Cruz, Laguna

LEVEL OF EXPOSURE IN SOCIAL MEDIA AND ITS EFFECTS

This thesis entitled “THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON ACADEMIC

Passed the comprehensive examination given on ____________

Approved by the committee and tribunal on an oral examination

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree

LITO F. NOROÑA, Ed. D.

First and foremost, the researcher would like to extend her

sincere thanks to Dr. LITO F. NOROÑA, Dean, Graduate Studies of

Union College of Laguna, for his expertise, constant support and

encouragement in this endeavor. The researcher appreciates all his

contributions of time, efforts and ideas to make her Master of Arts

experience productive and stimulating.

Secondly, the researcher would like to express her sincere

gratitude to her considerate professor, Mrs. Juvy L. Tobias, for her

assistance, encouragement, guidance and opportunities that she

provided throughout the process in completing this research.

Likewise, the researcher would like to express her grateful

appreciation to, Dr. Carmelita R. Mirandilla, Mr. Eduardo L. Militante,

Mrs. Teresita V. Sia, Mr. Redentor L. Abadier, Engr. Nenita L. Coronacion

Mrs. Remily D. Samonte and Engr. Alexander E. Carandang, for their

valuable advices, tolerance and guidance in writing her thesis.

Completion of the project was impossible without their continuous

The researcher owes her most sincere gratitude to the

OIC/Principal of Felicisimo T. San Luis National High School, Dr.

Menandro A. Zubieto, to allow his time for collection of necessary data.

The researcher is also thankful to her co-teachers, especially to

Mrs. Maricel S. Papa, Chief Adviser of Grade – 8 School Year 2014-

cooperative during the time of data collection.

The researcher’s sincere thanks to Dr. Rosemarie D. Sabado, for

her love, words of encouragement, motivation, valuable thoughts and

advice to the researcher from time to time.

The researcher’s warm thanks to her friends at all times,

Madie for providing moral support and motivation to her at various

stages of the research work.

The researcher owes her loving thanks to her husband, Alejandro

Miras Lipit, for providing immense strength and support throughout

the completion of this work.

Her special love and gratitude to her kids, Heshvan Abraham,

Heidz Alezandra, Helena Arabelle, and Heizel Angelica, who brought in

The researcher is very thankful to the Almighty God for

giving her the opportunity to take up the masteral research and

culminate it into a worthy experience.

the completion of this study, thank you very much.

The research whole-heartedly dedicate to this research to family;

and to GOD, the LORD Almighty.

1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING..................................1

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES. . .28

3 RESEARCH DESIGN AND PROCEDURE.....................105

4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF

5 SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

Table No. Title Page

1 The Respondents of the Study………………..… 48

Figure No. Title Page

1 Paradigm of the Study.......................................................14

The present study basically ought to identify the preferred

learning style and level of self-esteem of students. The study also

explored the relationship of learning styles with self-esteem. The sample

of the study consisted of 208 public secondary school students. The

constructed Learning Styles Questionnaire based on Dunn and Dunn

Model was used to assess the preferred learning style of Grade 8