Chapter 1 bears over all

e.g responsibility for

Operator oil company
drilling operation
to locate engage
area of Geologist
interest
I hire
If drilling
consultant

hire landman
to acquire hire drilling
rights contractors to do the actual
1 drilling
maintain rigs
equipments

contract Day rate

type
contractor
provides
rigs
personnel
Turnkey
contractor
to provide
Well design

rigs
personnel
consumables
 Process
Drilling
i
Budgeting ii
Planning iii Design
well specstf obj Construct well plan
Well Team x
completed
data acquisition Goals HFE
budget cost worksheet Geological Submitted
Prognosis
rig scheduling Well obj
Well plan
approved
finalized n approved
ggg

Execution Optimization
ost Drill Analysis Spud well Drilling program
completed
Complete
Drilling program
Test Pb A applied
Handover to Prod pre Spud
meeting

Steps in
drilling OIG
obtain seismic Log
obtain concession
calculate reserve
4 if high proceed with
We
obtain permitfrom Gov
preparedrilling completion program

ask for bidsfromdrilling contractors

on i Footage
Daywork
if required modify
drilling programme
construct roads location1platforms for access
conduct prespud meeting
further modification if necessary
drill well
 Types of wells

i exploration well ii appraisal well

wildcat well to test
drilled during initial economic commerciability
Phase of exploration viability
to determine presence conducted through various
well test
of H C obtain Gnq through combustion
datds of oil from oil produced
production potential
fluid samples

N Development Well Prod Well

L drilled in proved field area to extract HC
production

iv Abandonment well
Lif no HE is found 0 wells need to be closed
I to avoid env impact
during explappraisal

V Re entry recompletion

for sidetracking deepening

 Vertical for drilling straight down for shallow
Driving common
land
Techniques during early days
Horizontal drilling horizontally to reach
target 2 one
drill to penetrate reservoir at
a shallow angle
F 7 or
to expose more of low permeability
Vertical Horizontal reservoir to the wellbore
Well well
ex Frac
Directional process of directing wellbore
along a
trajectory to a predetermined
target
implement on off shore fixer platform
dg
Application major surface obstruction
re use of old wells to explore new oil
relief well to control blow out
 Operations Personnel45
Drilling
yd company representative

a
Senior on
rig
Operating Icompanyman ensure drilling
company drilling roles operation is run
Supervisor as planned
background
intenetrents
ie ign.gl
5 10 years Drilling Exp

An

To
conduct preliminary studies
estimate well duration cost
Drilling Eng
during initial prospect evaluation
noAuthority for Expenditure
me FEs are approved
To design coordinate b monitor overall
well program

0 managing rig side people

Why they must work with Geologist

develop understanding of
drilling Geology
0
identify anomalies during operations
Estimate expected Ppore 4 fracture gradient
Selecting casing sizes 4 setting depths
0 Develop mud program
drilling
o Prepare drilling OP
 Drilling main personnel
l Senior Tool Pusher Rig Manager
Contractor
0 coordinates drilling
Toolpusher contractor's function
on
other
inrighffidaeseotwith riot
sagging
key
ersonnels company man 0 main contact with supervisor

0
Drilling crew Subsea
a 0
Engineer
Engineering crew
0 Medics
Marine crew 0 Radio Operator

Driller operate Pumps draw works via driller

Drilling table console
rotary
Crew 90ft above
Derrickman work
on derrick rig floor
handle sections of drill pipe

Pumpman assist devickman f responsible for

maintenance smooth
1mud
Roug neck operation of pump
low ranking member of drilling crew
works on
rig floor
controlacYiginiteensance scheduling

I
Macintewnancelottnegidnfefnance
In charge of all maintenance
operations on the rigs
Rig Electrician maintenance 1 repairs
electrical equipment
RigMechanic maimntennaan.EE earueipanirenIt
Motorman maintenance
 well Used
to drill dev ganchovis
to fix
from 1 location position
immobile towedlselfpropelled
Gps
L

e se
Tf pontoons
to control
of
G 12ft 2400ft I buoyancye

245009
710,000 79000ft

grid
Classifications power jelectric
pneumatic
of used
rigs mechanical diesel

hydraulic
Pipe used conventional

cable

single CoitTubing
Height
double
Pipe rack
triple
quad
Rotary
system no rotation

rotary table
Position
of top drive
derrick

conventional

slant
 Drilling Process i Power Gen System
Subsystem Hoisting System
111
Circulating System
iv Rotary system
v Well control system
vi Data acquisition by
monitoring system

Rig Components is Derrick provide vertical height rea

for raising towering drill string
o
Travelling crown block drilling line
Block Tackle
T Travelling block
control centre from which
Draw works driver operates the rig
provide hoisting 1
braking
power req to raiseflower
heavystrings of the pipe
drum of the drawworks is
connected to the electric
motor is gearing system
 Drilling Process
Subsystem

Hoisting System
To lower raise
drill strings casing string
other s S equipments
out of hole
crown block

Draw
work
fit wire
line g
Fd
Wtf tf y g
anch0
travelling
TEN
WL
µ
hook storage reel

Tensile Load
Ff WIEN
Ff Ft Why
The tensile load will be
W total load
a function of the inefficiency supported by lines lbs
N no of lines
Drilling Terms
making connection
i Periodic process of adding newjoints of drillpipe to
the drillstring

making trip taking the drillstring out of hole to change bitlatter BHA
lowering them back into the hole
Steps raise Kelly above rotary table set slips
 Y
Transmitted via
Rig Power System mech drivers ACDC
rectifier Major components
in cnn.im
i i mi
Avg Total 1000 3000 hp arotarytable
Prime power
from electric
Movers Internal combustion or power supply
diesel engines from existing power
line
Vertical Hole Drilling
Rotary
Power To
they L Torque 15k A lbs
t.ni.ec IneaiiIiITng
T
Input Power L Torque 80 left lbs
P QgH Power 100
hp
2545
Output Power
Pislnput Power hp Po
ZANT
Eff 11 1001
Qf Rate of fuel 53,000
consumption Clbs hr
pi
Pos Output Power hp
H heating value N Engine Rotary Speed rpm

I Output Torque ft lbs

i Static Tension in fast line when

seflitfirnifsiunitable upward motion is impending
Max hook up hoisting speed derrick load
Drilling Rigs
µ actual derrick todd
iv Derrick efficiency factor
example load 300lb Ns 8
hp 500 hp E O841
i Static Tension Line in Fast line when upward motion is
impending

Ffs Yg 381,900cg
s 44,590lbf

II Chak hook horsepower ill Max hoisting speed

Ph E Pi O841 500 th Py
420 5h17
W
420.5Xp
153,000ft Im
Thus time req to pull 90ft Stand is
300,00rebff
t 90ft I 9 min 46.3flymin
t.tt mih

The actual derrick load is givenby

Fds l W I 1300,000
tfµtEN tagYµtcffHC8
382,890 lbf

Max eq load
Fde 450,000 lbf
Nµt4 w 8g4 zoo ooo

Derrick eff factor

Ed 382,090 0.849 84.9 1
Fff 480,000
 Rotating Swivel support weight of drillstring
System is permits rotation

Kelly Square hexagonal shaped for easy gripping

Torque is transmitted through Kelly bushing

flips used to prevent drillstring from falling

Rotary Drive Provide power to turn rotary table

Drillpipe specified by a Outer Diameter c Steel grade

b WeightHoot d range length
Drillcollar
Thick walled heavy steel pipe used to apply
the
weight on bit wops
swivel
7
ke d
rotary
0 rotation of the drillstring is enabled vid
table Kellybashing a hexagonal section of the pipe Kelly
I T 1 which is 15M long located in
the rotary table
I l p
o dP b D C r referred to as tubular
y lecap
incollar manually operated tongs u used to make up
b break out the drillstrings

drillbit
 Drill Bit usually becomes dull after 5 25 hrs of operatio
48 Factors in i composition of formation drilling
selecting hardness of formation parameters

Cutting action is supported by powerful jets of

drilling fluid which r discharged under high P
through nozzles located at the side of the bit
t a good drill bit should provides
I f
I longest working life lowest cost 1ft
I FYI good 12PM of hole drilled

drill t Rate of penetration CROP depends on

bit
ppm Hydraulic Eff
Mud properties WO B

i Roller cone features used in soft

Types very hard
formations
bearings
gauge protection
Isoellafred Fain
small large diameter
journal conventional b extended
jet bits
a ChilledTooth
types
Selection based on formation
hardness
oIADC series 1 soft medium oIADC series 2 medium ha
romeekchoauntitsing
Gauging romeekchoauntitsing
scraping
oIADC series 5 hard
Very hard
rock cutting
mechanism Chiselling
 b Insert Drill bit available in 5 series
no 4 8
for very hard formations
romcekefauntitsinmg Chipping b crushing

ii PDC polycrystalline Diamond compact

fitted with diamonds
gives better R.o.pl
longer life
suitability for drilling at high RPM

Kelly hexagonalAquare
Drill String I
Components 40ft154ft in length
attachedto a swivel fits into a
matching slot in the rotary table

I Function to transmit rotation

4 weight
drill to the drillbit
pipe

me iii ring

sina.e.s.e.m.ie

hollow to allow fluids transmitting lines

to pass through

27ft a30ft pipe

D Drill collar Thick wall heavy length of pipe
keep drillstring in tension
Stabilizer hold increase 1 decrease hole angle
stabilize
 g

Mud Circulating mud is continuously circulated down the

System drillstring out through the nozzle in the
bit back to the surface through the
annulus
application Clean rock cuttings
in the borehole

exert Phyd which prevents

formation fluid from entering
the borehole
ensure stability of hole
form mud cake
cool the bit
in some configuration helps move the motor
to turn the bit

rotary hose drillstring is

turned at
swivel the surface
11T l 0 Which turn
Pump Shale Shaker the bit
o
annulus
f IT if no 11 drilling
i
t.li
c
niacin niii gfJ
io n.m
Drill to the o n
jet nozzle
1
bit
surface µ in the
bit
l typical Vol req 100 bbl where
1 they r
60 bbl removed
normal Teeth grinds
7 718 in hole 8000ft rocks into
fragments
 mud pumps
duplex
reciprocating RD PUMP
triplex

Duplex pumps two liners Triplex pumps 3 liners

forwaylgrtkbeagkward forward strokes

No of cylinders dual acting single acting

He 2Di Dr rod
4
Diameter IL D Ls Nc
length pigtfanmeter
of stroke

Actual Vol Va Vi Eu or Qa c Ev

Pump rating Max delivery PqQ

Hydraulic P Q
Power

Hhp PI
1714
Well Control further
Function Prevent a flow of formation flui
System into wellbore
during kick
fbadonifponent
I by
shutting in well surface

I BOP Il controlling removal of formation

fluid
pump mud with higher p
tripping d p in p out of hole

ftp.neyleanfeu employs a synthetic rubber

ring that inflates during
well shut off

Ram Preventers
L pipe rams
OD of Close off
ftp.fneing
Dp annular
space
between
d plcasin

Shear Rams Blind rams

designed to cut Lused when no d P
off the r inside the hole
dp
me
t R