12stem1 Group 2

PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO
Senior High School Department

Katapatan Subdivision, Brgy. Banay-Banay, City of Cabuyao, Laguna
TASER ALARM WITH FLASHLIGHT:
THREE-IN-ONE PREVENTION TO
PHYSICAL AND SEXUAL
ASSAULT
A Senior High School Research Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Department
Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
In Partial Fulfilment:
Of the requirements for the subject
Research Project
By:
Alcuran, Pamela F.
Delfinado, Mark Joseph S.
Gerero, Chairmane A.
Pabellano, Bj D.
Rioveros, Desiree P.
Vasquez, Kate Almira E.

ii
APPROVAL SHEET
This thesis here to entitled:
TASER ALARM WITH FLASHLIGHT: THREE-IN-ONE PREVENTION TO
PHYSICAL AND SEXUAL ASSAULT
Prepared and submitted by PAMELA F. ALCURAN, MARK JOSEPH S.

DELFINADO, CHAIRMANE A. GERERO, BJ D. PABELLANO, DESIREE P.
RIOVEROS, KATE ALMIRA E. VASQUEZ, in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the subject Research Project has been examined recommended for
acceptance and approval for ORAL EXAMINATION.
Kharmela Batonero, LPT, &

Mary Grace Gibaga, LPT
Adviser
iii
Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade of _____________.
Sherilyn C. Gayon, LPT
Chairman
Kharmela A. Batonero, LPT Jeremy Paul Gecolea, LPT
Member Member
Accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the subject Practical

Research 1.
Kharmela A. Batonero, LPT, & Mary Grace Gibaga, LPT
Subject Instructor
iv
DEDICATION
This Design Project is dedicated to the people who always give their support and
stand behind our achievements.
To Almighty God who always believe and guide us and giving us knowledge
resulting to the path of righteousness and success of this design project.
To our family who gave us strength, encouragement and determination to

achieve our design project.
To our helpful, loyal and supportive friend to make this design project possible.
To our professors and board of panels who leaded and supported us all the way
throughout.
To our dearest adviser who inspired and impassioned us in every trial so that we
may persevere towards success.
PFA, MJSD, CAG, BDP, DPR, KAEV

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This research has come to actuality owing to the hard work, genuine
support and enthusiasm of the present researchers. Furthermore, the
researchers want to dedicate this earnest work to our Almighty God who
guided us all throughout the proceeding aspects of this study and his bestowed
knowledge upon for making this study possible.
To our research advisers, Ms. Kharmela A. Batonero and Ms. Mary Grace
Gibaga, the researchers are grateful for the proficient guidance and providing
informative lectures throughout the ample amount of time to complete the
study.
To our respectful adviser, Ms. Ivilen Marie Colaljo who accompanied us

and motivated us to strive further onto the process of the study.
To the panelists: Ms. Sherilyn Gayon, Ms. Kharmela A. Batonero, Mr.

Jeremy Paul Gecolea, the researchers would also like to express our gratitude
for giving constructive feedback to make our study successful and remediate
in terms of the content.
Moreover, our deeper appreciation to our Parents who supported us

favorably in a short range of time. The researchers are thankful for their
proficiency and guidance through the process of researching and writing this
thesis.
PFA, MJSD, CAG, BDP, DPR, KAEV

vi
ABSTRACT
Title : TASER ALARM WITH FLASHLIGHT: THREE-IN-ONE
PREVENTION TO PHYSICAL AND SEXUAL ASSAULT
Authors : PAMELA F. ALCURAN, MARK JOSEPH S. DELFINADO,
CHAIRMANE A. GERERO, BJ D. PABELLANO, DESIREE P.
RIOVEROS, KATE ALMIRA E. VASQUEZ
School : Pamantasan ng Cabuyao
Adviser : Kharmela A. Batonero, Mary Grace Gibaga
This research describes and analyzes the overall implications of the
proponents’ project that this research paper was based upon. The TASER Alarm
with Flashlight is a three in one prevention to physical and sexual assault. The
creation of this device was influenced by the reoccurring physical and sexual
assault situations in various parts of the Philippines at the present year of 2019.
The study follows Quantitative Methods including formalized principles that
form the basis for a stringent research process that proceeds from formulation of
research questions, research design and the selection or analysis of data to
interpretations and conclusions. The data is linked to specific variables, and
standardized methods are applied for data collection. The variables were thus
vii
expressed in numerical form, and the data material can be described in the form
of tables, graphs or statistical measurements.
The creation of the device depends much on the availability of the materials
as the researchers can attest to. The acquisition of the materials, as stated above,
are of average difficulty. Despite the mild difficulty, the creation of the device is still
probable and may also be discovered in the origin country of the proponents. The
proponents can attest to the effects of the device as it was tested on several of the
researchers and is very much operational as well as functional.
Further studies are required to improve the device capabilities to its
maximum potential (ie. GPS-powered TASERs). The information to improve the
device is not listed in the proponents’ study but can be used as a guideline in
order to recreate the product the researchers conducted. Furthermore, the
psychological, sociological, and environmental ramifications of the usage of this
product were not tackled in this study and therefore require more studies to be
undertook before the acquisition of the aforementioned information.

viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Dedication iv
Acknowledgement v
Abstract vi
Table of Contents viii
List of Appendices xi
List of Tables xii
List of Figures xiii
CHAPTER
1 INTRODUCTION 1
Introduction 1
Objectives of the Study 3
Conceptual Framework 4
Scope and Limitations 5
Significance of the Study 6
Definition of Terms 7
ix
2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 9
Foreign and Local Literature 9
Synthesis 24
3 METHODOLOGY 26
Project Research Design 26

Project Development 27
Operation Procedure 29
Testing Procedure 30
Evaluation Criteria 31
Instruments and Techniques Used 32
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 33
Project Technical Description 33

Project Structure 35
Project Organization 38
Project Limitations and Capabilities 39
Project Evaluation 41
5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND 55

RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings 55
Conclusions 56
Recommendations 58
BIBLIOGRAPHY 59
APPENDICES 62
CURRICULUM VITAE 76
xi
LIST OF APPENDICES
PAGE
APPENDIX
A Testing with Pictures 62
B Prototype Layout 65
C Hardware Specifications 67
D Manual of Operations 70
E Acceptability Form
73
xii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
1 Project Evaluation of Taser Function with and Without Alarm 42
2 Project Evaluation of Functions After Successful 43

Incorporation of Functions
3 Project Testing 46
4 Result of Data Evaluation Form 48

xiii
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
1 Anterior view of the Taser-Alarm with Flashlight 35

consisting of the Taser-Alarm switch, Flashlight switch,
and the Distress Alarm.
2 Rear view of the Taser-Alarm with Flashlight consisting 35

Activation or Safety switch.
3 Side view of the Taser-Alarm with Flashlight. 35
4 Side view of the Taser-Alarm with Flashlight. 36
5 Project Organization of Taser Alarm with Flashlight 38

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A Taser is a handheld device which discharges a certain amount of electric
charge that disrupts voluntary movement of people when shocked. It was first
introduced to police as a non-lethal weapon mainly used to immobilize certain
aggressive suspects, who would have otherwise subjected to more lethal weapons
such as firearms, but was soon after treated as a device for self-defense.
According to Police University College (2017), the police officers in Finland
were one of the first in Europe to employ the use of TASERS. Their study shows
that the TASER is a dependable tool for the police because of its capability to
deflate a dangerous situation before it implodes. The use of this device is also fatal
in long exposure as there is risk of activating cardiac arrest on suspects or
assailants that have heart problems or asthma attacks. But experiments show that
only minimal amount of force and duration is enough to stun or temporarily
incapacitate target.
The popularity of non-lethal weapons for handling critical riot situations has
significantly increased, owing to factors such as minimal casualties, availability of
cost-effective. According to a longitudinal study undertaken by the Houston Police

Department proved that TASER devices help decrease workers' complaint claims
by 93%.
As reported by US DOJ funded study by the Wake Forest University
Baptist Medical Center study also concluded that 99.75% of 1,201 field uses of
TASER weapons in a wide range of drug and alcohol influences, ages, and race
resulted in less and even no massive injuries which demonstrates that the TASER
device is the safest intermediate use-of-force option for police.
In consonant with a peer-reviewed study, published in the American
Journal of Public Health, MacDonald et al (2009) examine less-lethal weapons
including conducted electrical weapons. By analyzing data from 12 police
departments across 24,380 use-of-force cases involving injury to officers or
civilians, this study found that "odds of injury to civilians and officers were
significantly decreased when police used CED weapons." Ultimately, the study
concluded law enforcement agencies responsible use and employ of less-lethal
weapons instead of physical force can reduce injuries.
According to Axon (2009), field experience with CED use indicates that
short-term exposure to TASER devices is safe in the vast majority of cases
wherein suitable amount of force is required to be used. According to the final
report, the risk of death in a CED-related use-of-force incident in the general

population is less than 0.25 percent (one in 400). The report notes as well that,
based on the panel's review and confirmation of the findings of the original death
investigations of 300 deaths following CED exposure, it is reasonable to conclude
that CEDs do not cause or contribute to death in the large majority of cases.
The use of these Conducted Energy Devices (CEDs) can help reduce
injuries for both law enforcers and civilians alike. According to PERF, their overall
study showed that the use of CEDs contribute to 70% reduction in crime and
chances of a police officer to become significantly injured compared to non-CED
users from police or civilians (PERF 2009). With this project and study, the
researchers hope to increase the effectiveness of TASER devices in protecting the
civilians and law enforcers alike in order to reduce crime rate and significant
injuries to both suspects and victims.
Objectives of the Study
This study serves as an accompaniment to the production of the product
which is the improved TASER device that can stun and temporarily incapacitate
the intended recipient of the shock as the device comes in contact with the
assailant’s flesh. The objectives of the study are as follows:

1. To lessen crime especially rape and kidnapping by added protection for
civilians and law enforcers alike.
2. To track victim and eventually, the culprit should the assault be done in a
remote area or the suspect flees the crime scene.
3. To reduce amount of injuries in relation to crime rate for both law enforcers
and civilians employing the use of the TASER device.
4. To serve as an innovative effort for the populous and future efforts to
increase security through the use of non-lethal weaponry.
Conceptual Framework
In this study, the researchers used quantitative methods that
emphasize objective measurements and the statistical, mathematical, or numerical
analysis of data collected through polls, questionnaires, and surveys, or by
manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational techniques.
Quantitative research focuses on gathering numerical data and generalizing it
across groups of people or to explain a particular phenomenon. SAGE Publications
(2010)
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
This TASER device will Should a person By positioning the

be used and operated commit an offensive device onto the
against the people who and violent or criminal assailant’s body, it will
might attempt to act, the TASER device stun and temporarily
commit violent and has a cap that should incapacitate the
criminal acts that may be removed and may assailant long enough
endanger the populace be switched on by to call law
(ex. Law enforcers, clicking the button on enforcement or the
civilians, etc.) the body of the TASER police.
.The victim may
position the device on
any part of the
assailant’s body and by
doing so, activate the
purpose of the device.
Scope and Limitations
This study assesses the advantages of using a TASER. The scope may
solve the following capabilities of the device:
1. A TASER can disrupt voluntary muscle movement of an individual in terms
of rampant criminality especially on cases pertaining to rape, kidnapping
and hostage taking.

2. The sound of the alarm included in the device can call attention in order to
seek help from civilians that can overhear the noise created near the area.
3. A flashlight incorporated in the TASER can be used in order to help the user
see through the dark especially during night time.
The limitations of the device are:
1. A TASER can be considered nearly less lethal for it cannot cause severe
damage or harm to the person struck by it on safe usage.
2. The device cannot be employed in long distance usage as proximity
between people is needed for it to be activated.
3. The electrical shock afflicted by a TASER is not lengthy, just enough for the
victim to buy enough time to escape.
Significance of the Study
This study is foreseen to be beneficial to the following:
Civilians. This study will ascertain that the use of non-lethal weaponry such
as a TASER device is beneficial as a self-defense measure and is beneficial for
protection of both sexes as well as lessening fatal injuries. Through the product of
this study, crime can be reduced.
Authorities. This study aims to prevent crimes against civilians, law
enforcement and society overall. This study seeks to ascertain that the use of non-
lethal TASER device can incapacitate assailants and criminals without threat of
death.
Society. This study and project aims to lessen crime in such a way that
society will benefit by turning our surroundings into peaceful and violence-free
zones.
Future Researchers. This study will help increase knowledge pertaining
the acquisition of safety through use of non-lethal TASER devices and develop or
innovate the device for better use.
Definition of Terms
For better understanding of this study, the following terms have been
efficiently and briefly defined:
Alarm - It is any noise that can cause an individual to be alert of his surroundings.
Assailant - It refers to a person seeking to attack someone in a violent way.
Attempt - It is pertaining to one’s effort to do or perform something.
Conducted Energy Devices (CEDs) - is a less-lethal single shot weapon
designed to temporarily incapacitate a suspect through the use of an electrical
current.
Contractions - It is the motion of muscle that causes to become tight and
sometimes painful.
Immobilize - It prevents something or someone from moving.
Incapacitate - It prevents someone unable to move, shift, or function in the current
state.
Lethal - It has capability to be the cause of death.
Populace - It refers to people who live in a certain area or country.
Probe - It is a cartridge that projects and attaches to a suspect’s clothing or
penetrates the skin with barbs.
Rampant - It is used to describe something that is quickly common to spread and
difficult to handle.
TASER - It is a handheld device which discharges a certain amount of electric
charge that disrupts voluntary movement of people when shocked.
Touch stun - Its mode requires the officer to touch the suspect with the unit (similar
to a stun gun); wires are not used.

Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies both in
foreign and local. It shows the similarities and differences of the literature and study
which shaped the present research. It also describes the surfaces of the problem,
its current situation and its variables sourced mainly in books, journals, and other
studies. It focuses on the ideas and topics related to the effective usage of a
TASER alarm with flashlight. The reviewed materials related to the raised issue
will establish a strong and viable trending of result.
Foreign and Local Literature
According to Jauchem (2010) Law-enforcement personnel use Conducted
energy weapons (CEWs) like TASER to debilitate chances of crimes and
dangerous situations quickly and effectively without causing lethality. Deaths
caused by these weapon have recently spread throughout the media, with much
interest in these events generated within the forensic science community. To test
the lethality of the weapon and to know the effects of it in the living body forensic
pathologists used swine as their test subject. And after gathering information and
studying the problem, disagreement occurred among forensic pathologists

10
because these Conducted energy weapons (CEWs) holds a diminutive percentage
to cause death.
Similarly, the researchers also claim that TASER is not a weapon that can
cause death and it is a great weapon to minimize the chance of rape, robbery,
kidnapping and various criminal acts. And another thing, it provides a chance to
seek help to the people around the victim. In contrast to the experimental study,
the researchers will not use swine as a test subject to prove the accuracy of the
weapon.
As stated by Krishnan and Chai Wha (2017) with well-trained users, it is a
win-win situation for both law enforcers and suspects there should be no death or
permanent injury to anyone shot with a TASER. Furthermore, TASER is user
friendly. The advantage of using this less lethal is to save human lives. Criminals
caught alive by the law enforcers will be able to give information during
interrogation. It also gives relief to police officers who can now execute their tasks
in upholding the law without fear of killing a wrong person or innocent bystanders.
Likewise, the TASER presented by the researchers is only viable if potential
harm is detected in the surrounding. It is for a fact that using this less lethal weapon
will mean no serious damage and will increase chances of survival. However, the
researchers will not work together with the authorities.

11
One of the interesting topics among the citizens, media, professionals and
authorities is the use of force by police officers. TASERS are a great popular
invention nowadays for police departments. But despite the wide use and helpful
characteristics, controversies are still around. So prior to that, many people
examine various factors associated with TASERS used by police officers. Logistic
regression models provide evidence that Taser use is influenced by suspect
resistance as well as the race and gender of the suspect involved. Implications for
policy and research are discussed. (Crow and Adrion, 2011)
In similar to the study, the researchers emphasize the usefulness of the
TASER just like stated above specially to the police officials but in the other hand
the researchers is not focused in the importance of it as a tool in police department
but as a defense weapon to anyone that will try any unwanted acts and how the
weapon will be improved.
The study investigates whether and to what extent officers armed with the
TASER use it as an alternative to other types of less- lethal force (ex. empty hands,
pepper spray, and the baton) and the firearm, controlling for the level of suspect
resistance. The findings indicate that the officers who were armed with the TASER
were significantly less likely to deploy pepper spray and the baton in response to
aggressive physical resistance. Additionally, the result show that officers equipped
12
with the TASER were less likely to discharge their firearm when confronted with
suspect resistance that was potentially lethal. No differences in police behavior
occurred in response to passive suspect resistance. (Sousa, et.al, 2010)
Likewise, the TASER is considered as the alternative crime stopper and
mostly used than lethal weapons when it is available. So the researchers also
claim that matter because it is much effective than other non- lethal devices and
safer than any lethal weapons. However, the researchers wouldn’t conduct any
test and surveys including the force of police authorities.
To take someone’s life is often termed as the biggest slanders spiritually
one can commit be it while protecting one’s self from endangering acts. Non- lethal
weapons provide us with an opportunity to come over this dilemma thereby
providing a numbing effects to save from devastating consequences. The objective
of this is to present a non- lethal portable induction coil gun that can potentially
address security concerns. To serve the respect and protection of human life, the
speed of the gun is proposed to be kept low. To design such a gun, appropriate
excitation circuit and magnetic fields developed using MATLAB and Proteus
software. (Singh, et.al, 2018)

13
In similar to the study, TASERs are a way to exercise the human right to
live even you commit undesirable acts because it is just powered with rightful
amount of electricity and magnetic field that cannot be a reason to take someone’s
life. In the other hand, the researcher wouldn’t present any other portable gun as
a replace for TASERs.
A French case report basing on scientific literature presented by Grenier,
et.al, (2016), describes many injuries secondary to the use of non-lethal weapons
such as TASERS or Flash ball devices. Indicated in the study is the case relating
a woman and a man presenting a psychomotor agitation that are victims of multiple
TASER firing, and the result showed that the man died. Although the casualty
cannot be proven in the death of the man, these devices seem not adapted in
these situations, exposing the target to wounds. The training of the police officers
or security agents to recognize these situations and use other solutions other than
the non-lethal weapons should be promoted.
The use of TASERs is what the researchers’ is promoting in opposition to
the study situated. The practice of having a non-lethal weapon, such as TASER,
which the researchers are upholding is purely for protection against potentially
dangerous people, contrary to those possessing psychomotor agitation ones.

14
A study made by O’Brien et al (2010) which aimed to provide a descriptive
analysis of the use of Tasers by the New Zealand police that involved incidents
with having people in mental health emergencies and compare them to those
incidents of criminal arrest. The result showed that Tasers were more than twice
as likely to be discharged at mental health emergencies than at criminal arrests,
thus arriving at a conclusion that introduction of Tasers into policing in New
Zealand will disproportionately impact on people with mental illness, whereby
guidelines are needed to manage future use of Tasers in mental health cases.
The researchers will not be cooperating to the police that involve cases of
people with mental health emergencies contrasting the study mentioned. The
researchers’ objectives is proposing the use of Taser is purely for self-defense,
whether around people with mental care needs but most especially to those people
with crime motives.
According to Feeney et al (2010) the use of the Taser as a form of nonlethal
force is increasingly common because of its safety profile. Tasers have been
associated with in-custody mortality particularly in agitated individuals, though
potential explanatory mechanisms are poorly understood. While Tasers are often
used to subdue acutely agitated individuals, no study has reported Taser exposure
15
precipitating agitation or delirium, even though high-voltage electrical exposure is
well documented independently to precipitate acute delirium.
In accordance to the researchers’ motives, the promotion of using nonlethal
weapons such as Tasers is chastely because of its safety outline. The preceding
thoughts will not be further explained as it is seen irrelevant for the goals of the
study.
As Naunheim et al (2010) indicated that mechanical as well as electrical
methods have been postulated as a cause of death after Taser use. Restraint
asphyxia refers to the inability to breathe adequately in the prone position after
restraint. In restraint asphyxia, hypoventilation and acidosis cause a terminal
arrhythmia. In addition, Commotio cordis, a blow that has sufﬁcient force to
interrupt the electrical cycle of the heart, may be responsible for sudden death if
the person drops suddenly forward onto the chest when muscle incapacitation
occurs.
Quite the reverse, this study explains the effects when the Taser drops with
contact to the cycle of the heart that may lead to a person into a sudden death.
The researchers desired to lessen the incidences of using the Taser to hurt people
that can cause loss of lives if it is used in illegal way.

16
As mentioned by Ullman (2010), sexual assault can cause trauma to its
victims. In addition to that, the assault isn’t the end of it for the victims will be facing
another one once they told other people about, such as victim blaming and
disbelief. This caused the victim to suffer more from a negative mental and some
physical health effects.
In line with this study, the researches would like to prevent sexual assault
by innovating a device that can be used as a non-lethal self-defense weapon.
In the study of Gau et al (2009) detailed that the academic literature has yet
to fully examine one of the newer implements in police officers’ repertoire of less-
than-lethal weapons: The Taser. There is a lack of information regarding the
circumstances under which police are more or less likely to use this device and, in
particular, there is limited information as to potential racial discrepancies. The
present study tests for a relationship between suspects’ race and police officers’
use of Tasers. The findings suggest the presence of a moderate relationship, with
Hispanic suspects being twice as likely as Whites to have Tasers used against
them. Hispanic ethnicity, although not the primary determinant of Taser use,
proved to increase the likelihood that a suspect would be subdued with a Taser.
This finding has implications for police policy and for future research.
17
The study aims to tests the policemen when using a Taser or a lethal
weapon to their suspects based on its race, which is opposite to the researchers.
The researchers needed to find a solution to the increasing rate of physical and
sexual assault to both gender.
As stated by Macy, et al (2009), the domestic violence and sexual assault
agencies can’t help but to feel hassled when it comes to providing the services that
they are ought to provide because of the society’s behavior towards abuse when
it comes to women. It is disappointing that the fight for it is not progressing, bringing
awareness to be unsuccessful.
In relation with this study, the researches want to provide a handheld non-
lethal device that could help these agencies on providing another service or kind
of self-defense that may help the Filipino people, men and women both, against
sexual or physical assault.
According to Jordan and Mossman (2017), despite disputing the traditional
beliefs of gender roles and stereotypes that it is the women’s helplessness that
enhance the men’s capacity, women can’t help but to still feel oppressed due to
the continuous messages they receive about female victimization. However,
women are seemingly now able to “do everything,” from the news spread all over
the media, augmenting against the typical depiction of women’s competencies,

18
raising gender equality. Although it is slowly weakening owing to assaults against
women, objectification and sexualize, and the likes. Because of this, self-defense
courses emerged to provide and empower women from vulnerability and
subordination.
Near similarly with this study, the researchers would like to help on
empowering women by providing them a non-lethal self-defense weapon that they
can use in times of need.
In a study performed by Hollander (2009), she indicated that women are
commonly viewed as helpless, delicate and unguarded, thus they must always be
shielded away from violence caused by men and their own incompetency upon
understanding their own capabilities. But the truth is that they are doing something
for self-defense such as kicking, pounding, yelling, etc. Sadly, these actions go
unnoticed due to it not being powerful enough unlike men’s.
In line with this study, the researchers want society to recognize women’s
effort when it comes on protecting themselves rather than ignoring their
competencies. By doing so, the efforts done may mitigate the amount of assaults
or their risks thereof when it comes to present time.

19
According to Dawson (2010), the most widely used CEWs are the M26 and
X26 models from Taser International. The electrical source is designed to be
sufficiently rapid and give enough energy to initiate muscular incapacitation in the
subject. At the same time, CEWs attempt to limit the applied energy to safe levels
(where the level of safety has seen significant controversy). CEWs have been
called "less-lethal" or "intermediate" weapons. These weapons have been adopted
by many police forces in several countries, because they are seen to provide many
advantages to police, primarily by providing the officer with an intermediate force
option - less lethal than a ballistic weapon - which provides a significant stand-off
distance compared to the usage distance other weapons like batons and pepper
spray.
Likewise to the conducted study, the researchers can claim that the use of
Tasers are beneficial to both the police officers and assailants as less damage and
injury will be created upon its usage. However, the Taser being promoted by the
researchers require proximity for it to be activated which is not the same as the
models used by foreign police that can be used in stand-off distance. Other things
are not explained as it is seen irrelevant to the study.

20
TASER is not explicitly identified on the RCM (Reactive Control Model),
which lays out varying force options that are linked to varying forms of citizen
resistance, but the policy identifies the device as being equivalent to chemical
sprays, with but one exception—that the weapon should not be used on passively
resistant suspects. Thus, a TASER may be used on a verbally resistant suspect
as well as a suspect demonstrating defensive resistance like pulling/moving or
running away. (Terrill and Pauline, 2016)
In a similar way, the device is only for potentially violent people and those
suspects demonstrating defensive defiance. It can only be use when harm is
detected in ones surrounding.
As stated by Smith (2012), violent criminals pose threats to the life and well-
being of the police and public alike. In order to remedy this, they conducted the
development of mid-range ‘less-lethal’ weapons such as TASER stun guns and
other electronic control devices (ECD) to the general public. These devices have
the power to incapacitate the suspect temporarily, thus neutralizing the perceived
threat, and the suspect him- or herself and the law enforcement officers.
Nevertheless, there have been claims that deployment of these devices violated
human rights. The article thus considers the use of CEWs by law enforcement
officers within a human rights framework so that they may not abuse its use. The
21
principal issues evolve from the coexistence of potential beneficiaries of the salient
human rights which still remain a point of contention up to the present day.
Similarly, the researchers also claim that the Tasers is a less lethal weapon
that only immobilize the suspect momentarily. However, there are still arguments
regarding the deployment of the weapon that violates the human rights due to its
effects on people with health concerns such as respiratory problems and heart
problems that continue to persist in the issue.
In a study by Womack, et al (2016), the addition of TASERs as a less lethal
use-of-force option for police officers has facilitated much noise. Many police
agencies have responded to change the force policy when it comes to the usage
of these weapons. The goal of these changes is often to minimize concern about
injury to citizens and hopefully lessen both injuries to police officers and victims of
assault. The present study used officer injury panel data from the City of Dallas
(Texas) Human Resources Department to assess the impact of a 2005
modification to the Dallas Police Department’s TASER policy. The study assessed
the change in the rate of officer injury after the implementation of a more restrictive
policy in accordance to CEWs usage.

22
Likewise, the Tasers presented by the researcher as less lethal of force
used by the police. It emphasize the policy on how it will appropriately will be used
to lessen the injury on civilians and law enforcers alike.
In a study conducted by American College of Emergency Physicians (2009),
a three-year review of all Taser uses against criminal suspects at six law
enforcement agencies found only three significant injuries out of 1,201 criminal
suspects subdued by conducted electrical weapons (CEW), or Tasers, and reports
that 99.75% of criminal suspects shocked by a Taser received no injuries or mild
injuries only, such as scrapes and bruises.
Similar to the paragraph mentioned before the above paragraph, the
TASER devices cause very minor injuries that are easily treatable and should
cause no large amount of alarm. Due to other studies suggestion that it is not so,
the aforementioned study was conducted to disprove claims of TASERs causing
massive injury on top of death.
According to a study done by McGuinness (2016), any use of the Taser
must be proportionate, lawful, accountable and absolutely necessary. It cannot be
used for a reason other than mitigating a threat of violence which may engage
Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights (the prohibition of torture
and of inhuman or degrading treatment) in England and Wales. The Defense

23
Scientific Advisory Council Sub-Committee on the Medical Implications of Less-
Lethal Weapons (DOMILL) released its most recent statement on the medical
implications of the use of the Taser in January 2012 which highlighted how the
physiological burden arising from the Taser-induced muscle contractions and pain,
combined with the stressful circumstances in which the Taser is likely to be used,
may adversely affect certain groups. It also warned of the potential for Taser
discharge to be administered to individuals whose behavior is influenced by an
underlying medical condition or with whom communication is impaired due to non-
medical reasons.
In relation to the statement before the above mentioned paragraph, the
study conducted by McGuinness (2016), proved that while TASER may have
adverse effects to individuals possessing health issues. However, the lawful use
of the TASER devices may likewise lessen such adverse effects but individuals
should still be weary of using such a weapon. It emphasized the effects of the
devices and that it must be used with responsibility than hasty response.
24
Synthesis
In a study conducted by Smith (2012), due to the massive threat posed by
criminals to the general public, the development of TASER devices such as stun
guns and other CEWs were introduced for the betterment of the police and
civilians. These CEWs possess the capability to temporarily stun a target to
neutralize a threat which can help both law enforcements and civilians alike.
Despite the chaotic good that these devices have, there have been claims that the
usage of these devices can be detrimental to human rights. The study emphasizes
that the use of these CEWs must be within a legal and recognized framework of
the law in order to avoid the abuse of these devices. Even with these strides in
responsible use, there exists issues relating to the use of these devices that may
persist in the future.
According to Dawson (2010), the most widely used CEWs are the M26 and
X26 models from Taser International. These devices have been configured to work
within the safety perimeters required to prevent the violation of the human rights
laws but controversy remains an issue till this day. The CEWs have been referred
to as less-lethal or immediate weaponry that has been adopted by police officers
and civilians all around the world. It is capable of going toe to toe with other self-
defense weapons like batons and pepper sprays that are immensely popular.
25
In a study by Womack, et al (2016), the addition of TASERs as a less lethal
use-of-force option for police officers has resulted in an outcry. Numerous police
agencies have responded to transforming the force policy in accordance to the
usage of these weapons. They hope to decrease risks of injury and assault as well
as the abuse of these weapon in order to protect civilians and law enforcers. The
present study used officer injury panel data from the City of Dallas (Texas) Human
Resources Department to assess the impact of a 2005 modification to the Dallas
Police Department’s TASER policy. The study assessed the changes in the rate
of officer injury in response to the implementation of the more restrictive policy in
accordance to CEWs usage policies declared by many agencies around the globe.
With the above mentioned paragraphs in mind, the proponent of the
innovations done on the TASER device hope to operate the device within the
safety guidelines and perimeters set up by many agencies in order to reduce
amount of injuries and deaths relating to assault and to respect the human rights
laws. By doing so, the capabilities of the TASER device may be improved to
maximum capability and further lessen the risks aforementioned by the former.
26
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH AND METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the parts of the research, the design, research
method, procedures, components utilized, and evaluation of the design project. It
deals with the methodologies used to gather the date required to obtain the output
of the project. The following paragraphs denote to process.
Project and Research Design
Taser Alarm with Flashlight is a near-lethal weapon that is designed to
temporarily incapacitate assailants in order to help law enforcement and civilians
alike. This device ensures the safety of its users when going to dangerous places
suspected of containing criminal activity. This device requires the person to
activate the device before use. In order to be used, a voltage pulse inverter
converts direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) power.
The Taser Alarm with Flashlight technically has three capabilities, wherein
two capabilities are combined in one and the other is separate from the two. The
first two capabilities are the Taser and alarm itself. The alarm is connected to the
Taser in such a way that once the button is pushes, the Taser is activated along
with the Taser. The last capability is the flashlight that has been incorporated into
27
the Taser’s PVC pipe. All in all, the three functions indicate the three in one use of
the Taser Alarm with Flashlight.
The PVC pipe used to contain the parts for the Taser is 22 cm long and is
1 1/2 inches in diameter. It has three switches. The first switch is the activator of
the second switch which can turn on the Taser. The third switch is for the flashlight
that is located at the opposite end of the Taser. The Taser is capable of being
charged while the flashlight is not.
The Taser Alarm with Flashlight contains 1 000 000 volts (V) of 1000
kilovolts (kV) as converted by the voltage pulse inverter or high voltage module.
The electricity provided is near-lethal but is not deadly if used moderately and
cautiously. It is portable with ease of use.
Project Development
The project developments discusses the system's structure, project
construction and objectives for the design project. It will be used to ensure that the
construction will comply with the plan attained.
The procedures and guidelines that the proponents will follow the construction
of the design prototype are the following:

28
1. Planning
1.1 The proponents plan to innovate a device mainly for self-defence
purposes.
1.2 The researchers will obtain the materials to be use and plan when and
how to execute the making.
1.3 The TASER project is inspired by the study performed by the Police
University College located in Finland.
1.4 To make the planned TASER more functional, it is to have additional
alarm and flashlight
2. Prototyping
2.1 The design the prototype is based on the availability and efficiency of
materials to be used.
2.2 The outer structure of TASER have two buttons, one for the flashlight
and another for the TASER itself, but an additional activator switch is
to be included for the safety of the handler.
2.3 Calibration of the prototype is to be done when some adjustments is
seen beneficial.
29
3. Testing
3.1 The materials are tested if they were functional and works properly.
3.2 The prototype was being tested according to plan where it will be tried
in any fruit or non-living materials like watermelon, paper, etc.
3.3 The TASER was tested if it was non-lethal weapon as it supposed to
be.
3.4 The researchers test the prototype if the battery will last in a long period
of time and the other parts as well like the flashlight and alarm.
4. Documentation
The researchers created the TASER according to plan and the
concept was seen as the design and structure is formed. Assembling all of
the materials like the battery, flashlight, alarm and all the wiring system is
accomplished as well. And so all of the procedures and steps was fulfilled
and the prototype was created successfully.
Operation Procedure
Here are the step by step on how you will going to use the TASER Alarm with
Flashlight:
30
1. First simply turn on the switch for the TASER alarm.
2. After turning on the switch simply click on the button to see if the TASER
alarm has the electricity shock in the copper wire and its alarm will create a
loud sound.
3. Hold on to the button then attach to the person you want to immobilize.
4. Turn off the switch after using it to make the battery last longer.
5. Repeat step 1 to 4 accordingly.
Testing Procedure
Here are the step by step procedure on how to use the flashlight on the TASER:
1. Simply turn on the switch on bottom side of the TASER.
2. It will automatically open the flashlight and you can now use it in the dark
places.
3. Turn off the switch after using it.
4. Repeat the step 1 to 3 accordingly.

31
Evaluation Criteria
This design project can be concluded as functional if the following conditions that
serve as yardsticks are met:
1. This project will be considered as functional as if it is capable of temporarily
incapacitating the assailant according to the tests performed on the device.
2. If the sound system is approximately 20dB - 30dB that is considered as
alarm.
3. If the electricity that is coming out of it is powerful enough to stun someone,
but not to cause any lethal damages that may result to death.
4. If the flashlight that was incorporated in the device is working functionally.
It can reach 4 ft. when activated.
5. If the product has been successful when tested for durability and despite
falling from a height of 1 meter will not result in undue damage that would
permanently jostle its internal parts.

32
Instruments and Techniques Used
The researchers made the TASER alarm corresponding to the plan that they
prepared and fitting to the problem that not only this country were facing but the
same to the other part of the world were dealing with. The method used to gather
data was through survey. Ten participants from the students of Pamantasan ng
Cabuyao were included. The researchers created the TASER alarm in order to
prove that their study was needed to be used in solving the problems pertaining to
crime. The researchers want to test the TASER alarm to confirm that if it is properly
operational and to clearly verify that it is safe to keep in the pocket of the owner.
The proponents provided a questionnaire to the participants in order to gather
and record data via survey method. The data collected will be used to support the
proponent's output device which measures its usefulness and effectiveness in the
current climate. The data collected will be stated in the next following chapters.
33
CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter contains the results and evaluation of the prototype. Data
gathered are used to calibrate the hardware and program according to the design
objectives.
Project Technical Description
Taser Alarm with Flashlight is an innovated version of a near non-fatal
device with the capability of CEDs (Conducted Energy Devices) with new features
such as alarm and flashlight. The capabilities of this device hopes to decrease risk
of physical and sexual assault with the ability to increase amount of time to gather
help in order to apprehend culprit by temporarily incapacitating the assailant and
alarming nearby people regarding the incident. The device works due to the high
voltage module or voltage pulse inverter which converts DC (Direct Current) into
AC (Alternating Current) power supply.
The Taser Alarm with Flashlight is an easy to use device which has three
capabilities. The first capability is the Taser component which is the main feature
of the device with the ability to temporarily incapacitate assailant. The second
capability is the alarm which is loud enough to alert passersby as to the incident
34
taking place in the proximity of the Taser device. The third capability is the flashlight
which serves as a way to navigate the darkness of an area should there be a
concern pertaining to assault most especially if the user is in a highly suspicious
area that may or may not be prone to being inhabited by assailants or criminals.
The capabilities stated above proves that the device works 3-in-1 use.
The contents of the device are stored within a PVC pipe that is 1 ½ inches
in diameter and is portable enough to be carried in pockets or mini-handbags of
men and women. In order to activate the device, there are two buttons on the
device which can turn on the Taser and alarm, and the flashlight separately. It
should be noted that once the button for the Taser is switched on, the alarm will
also be activated as the wirings are connected together such that both capabilities
are activated if the button connecting them together is pressed. The button for the
flashlight is separated from the first button to be used without activating the Taser
component of the device.

35
Project Structure
Figure 1. Anterior Figure 2. Rear view Figure 3. Side view

view of the Taser- of the Taser-Alarm of the Taser-Alarm
Alarm with with Flashlight with Flashlight.
Flashlight consisting
consisting of the Activation or Safety
Taser-Alarm switch, switch.
Flashlight switch,
and the Distress
Alarm.
36
Figure 4. Interior Design of the Taser-Alarm.
The technical features of the project are listed below:
1. The TASER has three switches that serve to activate the device.
2. The TASER can only be triggered once the activator switch that serves as
a safety switch has been activated. This allows user to click the power
button for the Taser to make it operational.
3. Once triggered, the TASER device will emit electricity from its conductors
and an alarm will sound from the built in speakers within the PVC pipe.
37
4. The switch for the flashlight is separate from the TASER alarm and is
located at the lower part of the PVC pipe.
5. The TASER device possesses a flashlight that can reach 10 meters once
activated.
38
Project Organization
Vasquez, Kate Almira E. Alcuran, Pamela F. Delfinado, Mark Joseph

S.
1. Project Manager 1. Design Layout
2. Documentation 2. Technician 1. Design Layout
3. Task Manager 2. Documentation
Gerero, Chairmane A. Rioveros, Desiree P.
1. Fabrication 1. Hardware
2. Hardware Developer
Developer 2. Fabricator
Pabellano, Bj D.
1. Documentation
2. Testing and
Calibration
Mary Grace R. Gibaga Kharmela A. Batonero
Adviser Adviser
Figure 5. Project Organization of Taser Alarm with Flashlight

39
The role of each member of the researchers as shown in Figure 5 was
based on one’s perspective to the other members or vice versa. The Project
Manager would lead the team on documentation and would manage the design
project but would also allow the other members to contribute decisions to the
project appropriately to achieve successfully the design project by exchanging
ideas in order to make the project design functional. The technical members would
be focused on the creation of the prototype and assist the other branches of the
project design if required. The ones assigned to the testing and calibration of
prototype assist towards the improvement of the prototype along with
documentation. Overall, all members of the research project contribute towards
the creation of successful prototype of the project.
Project Limitations and Capabilities
The following are the limitations and capabilities of the Taser Alarm with
Flashlight:
1. Taser Alarm with Flashlight has three separate switches.
1.1. The safety switch located at posterior of the PVC body which is
interconnected to the anterior button on the upper part of the Taser
device.
40
1.2. The button on the upper anterior body of the PVC pipe allows for the
use of the device as it serves to connect the power source to other
parts of the device thereby making it operational.
1.3. The button located on the lower anterior body of the PVC pipe serves
as the activator for the flashlight located at the opposite end of the
electricity conductor of the Taser device.
2. The device is non-rechargeable.
2.1. There is only a double power source for the three components:
Taser, alarm, and flashlight. One for the Taser Alarm and the other
for the flashlight.
2.2. Researchers may replace battery with rechargeable 9v after
prototyping is successful.
3. The power source of the device works for all three functions: the Taser,
alarm, and flashlight.
3.1. The power output is decreased due to the sharing of power source
among the three functions.
4. Due to parallel circuitry used, damage done to a minor part of the device
will not render device unusable.
4.1. Should the power source be damaged, that is the only major damage
that may render device unusable.

41
Project Evaluation
After the prototype has been finished, the proponents can now assess the
efficiency of the design project and ascertain the accomplishment of the design
objectives. The proponents tested the prototype to identify the functionality of the
design under the conditions needed to satisfy.
The proponents evaluated the first part of the design in three (2) ways the
Taser can be used in separately or simultaneously. This way, the capability of the
Taser device does not result in errors. The second part of the design is to test the
length in which the device can be charged and the maximum amount of power
once charged as well as length of use. The third part is to test the minimum to
maximum amount of time that an assailant can be temporarily incapacitated. The
tests aims to remove faults that might occur.

42
Table 1
Project Evaluation of Taser Function with and Without Alarm
Taser Without Taser With Alarm Taser with
Alarm Connection Connection Attempt Alarm with

Result
Attempt Flashlight
1 0 1 1
1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1
1 1 1 1
Legends. 1 = successful, 0 = unsuccessful.
Based on The results on Table 1, the three (3) Taser function works five (5)
out of five (5) possible ways the process can end up. The test averages one
hundred percent (100%) which means that the Taser can work with or without the
alarm and the flashlight as well as simultaneously.

43
The electrical weapon is capable of overriding the brain’s control of the body
by speaking the same ‘language’ as nerves. It achieves this by emitting electric
pulses that match those used by neurons, which transfer information between the
brain and muscles. When these nerves are flooded with pulses that are similar to
their natural frequency and strength, normal signals get drowned out and muscles
contract uncontrollably. TASER International (2017).
Table 2
Project Evaluation of Functions after Successful Incorporation of Functions
Functions 1st Attempt 2nd Attempt Final Result
1. Taser without Alarm 1 1 1
without Flashlight
2. Taser Alarm with 0 1 1
Flashlight
3. Flashlight without Taser 1 0 1
Alarm
Legends. 1 = successful, 0 = unsuccessful.

44
Based on the results on Table 2, the three (3) device functions work in all
three (3) out of three (3) ways the device can be used during assembling and after
connecting of materials. The test averages one hundred percent (100%) which
means that the Taser can work
The Taser can work in conjunction with the added alarm and flashlight but
the charge depends on the power source which can limit the electric charge
provided by the voltage pulse inverter possessing 1000kv. The safe amount of
charge is 70 micro coulombs per pulse while the advised pulse must be held at ½
second. TASER International (2017)
After testing the functionality of the devices used in the prototype, the
following test results are obtained as follows:
1. Voltage Pulse Inverter
Upon testing the voltage pulse inverter, the proponents found out that it cannot
convert direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) if the battery does not
possess enough voltage to successfully use. To solve this problem, the
researchers replaced the 3v with 9v but may replace again with 9v rechargeable
battery
.
45
2. Alarm
The problem the proponents encountered when the alarm was initially
incorporated to the Taser is that the alarm was unable to generate sound. To solve
this problem, the researchers carefully wrapped the wirings in a neater way which
then allowed for the sound to be generated.
3. Flashlight
The problem encountered by the proponents on the flashlight was that it was
damaged in the initial handling of its parts that when it was incorporated at the
opposite end of the Taser probe, the flashlight did not work. Due to the foresight
of the researchers, the damaged part was quickly replaced by flashlight parts
bought as a safety precaution.

46
Table 3
Project Testing
Date Component Assessment Problem Solution Image
01 – Voltage Testing of Difficulty in Change the
21 – Pulse inverter for finding voltage of

See
19 Inverter Taser probe compatible battery to
Appendix
battery higher
A
voltage
01 – Prototype Testing of First alarm Replacement
21 – Alarm from total output burned up with extra

See
19 toy of dB due to excess speaker from
Appendix
output of toy phone
A
charge
01 – Flashlight Testing of Burned part is Replaced
22 – meters non-reusable flashlight and

See
19 reached by in relation to thus wirings
Appendix
light source wiring
A
47
01 – Switch (3) Lack of Lack of one Bought
22 – safety switch (1) more switch from

See
19 switch as nearest DIY
Appendix
safety switch store
A
01 – Battery Compatibility Not enough Changed
21 – with inverter volts and battery to 9v

See
19 and other incompatibility
Appendix
components
A
48
Table 4
Result of Data Evaluation Form
Legend: Very Satisfactory - 4 Unsatisfactory - 2
Satisfactory – 3 Very Unsatisfactory – 1
Result
I. User Acceptance 4 3 2 1
1. Safety can be felt when you have a self- 50% 50% 0% 0%
defensive weapon when travelling.
2. It is convenient and useful to have a 65% 30% 5% 0%
device for self-defense.
3. A TASER (an electronic device capable 20% 60% 20% 0%
of electrocution) can suffice as a near
non-lethal self-defense weaponry.

49
Result
I. Functionality 4 3 2 1
1. The device can be activated as a Taser 65% 35% 0% 0%
or a flashlight.
2. The device’s built-in alarm works in 65% 35% 0% 0%
conjunction with the taser component as
both switches are interconnected.
3. When activated, the device emits sparks 50% 45% 5% 0%
which signify the passage of current
through the bolts at the cap of the
device.
Result
I. User Friendliness 4 3 2 1
1. The device can be stored in a backpack 20% 65% 15% 0%
or shoulder bag with a length and width
of 12” or more and ½ “ in diameter
respectively.
50
2. The device has a safety switch which 60% 35% 5% 0%
prevents the unintentional activation of
the device.
3. The PVC pipe width allows for ease of 20% 65% 15% 0%
holding.
I. User Acceptance
I.1. On the part of initial questioning, fifty percent (50%) answered 4-
very satisfactory, fifty percent (50%) answered 3-satisfactory, zero
percent (0%) answered 2-unsatisfactory and 1-very unsatisfactory to the
question pertaining to individual’s feeling of safety when going home
with a TASER device.
I.2. The second question determined if individuals felt convenience at
the assurance of carrying a self-defense weapon while travelling. Of the
participants in the survey, sixty three percent (63%) answered 4-very
satisfactory, thirty percent (30%) answered 3-satisfactory, five percent
(5%) answered 2-unsatisfactory, and zero percent (0%) answered 1-
very unsatisfactory
51
I.3. The third question determined whether or not a TASER device
would suffice as a near non-lethal self-defense weaponry. Of the
participants, twenty percent (20%) answered 4-very satisfactory, sixty
percent (60%) answered 3-satisfactory, twenty percent (20%) answered
2-unsatisfactory, and zero percent (0%) answered 1-very unsatisfactory.
Based on the study by TASER International (2017), the use of a Taser
device is ever handy when it comes to situations containing hazardous potential to
victim of one or multiple assailants. The high risk of near-lethal incidents pertaining
to its use, however, made people from the Human Rights committees slightly
hesitant or outright disagreeable of the usage of such a device. Still, the majority
of law enforcement officers continue to use Taser devices as a sure means to
apprehend criminals who do not want to be put to bars.
II. Functionality
II.1.With reference to Table 4, the first questioned was answered
by the participants like so: sixty five percent (65%) answered 4-very
satisfactory, while thirty five percent (35%) answered 2-satisfactory, and
zero percent (0%) answered 2-unsatisfactory and 1-very unsatisfactory.

52
These were the answers pertaining to the capability of the product to be
used as a flashlight or a TASER device.
II.2.The second question determined if the TASER and alarm
component of the device are interconnected and work in conjunction
with each other. Of the participants in the survey, sixty five percent
(65%) answered 4-very satisfactory, thirty five percent (35%) answered
3-satisfactory, zero percent (0%) answered 2-unsatisfactory 1-very
unsatisfactory.
II.3.The third question determined if the activation of the TASER
device (an electronic device capable of temporary incapacitation)
causes the bolts at the end of the cap to emit sparks signifying its
electrocution component. Of the participants, fifty percent (50%)
answered 4-very satisfactory, forty five percent (45%) answered 3-
satisfactory, five percent (4%) answered 2-unsatisfactory, and zero
percent (0%) answered 1-very unsatisfactory.
According to a study conducted once again by TASER
International (2017), majority of the civilians concerned with the upholding of
Human Rights law disagree with the notion of using a Taser device as a means of
protection and prefer that law enforcement officers use the traditional baton as a
53
means of blunt force. However, the tendency of criminals to resist apprehension
remains high and police officers prefer a quick and efficient means to apprehend
suspects with decreasing amount of injuries attained from such altercations.
III. User Friendliness
III.1. The first question determined whether or not the Taser
device can fit in most bags of appropriate width and length such as that of the
Taser device which possesses a width or ½ “in diameter and 12” or more
respectively. Of the participants, twenty percent (20%) answered 4-very
satisfactory, sixty five percent (65%) answered 3-satisfactory, and fifteen percent
(15%) answered 2-unsatisfactory.
III.2. The second question determined whether or not the TASER
component of the device has a safety switch which prevents the unintentional
activation of the device. Of the participants of the survey, sixty percent (60%)
answered 4-very satisfactory, thirty five percent (35%) answered 3-satisfactory,
and five percent (5%) answered 2-unsatisfactory.
III.3. The third question determined whether or not the width of the
PVC pipe containing the internal parts allowed for the user’s ease of holding the
device. The participants answered like so: twenty percent (20%) answered 4-very
satisfactory, sixty five percent (65%) answered 3-satisfactory, fifteen percent

54
(15%) answered 2-unsatisfactory, and zero percent (0%) answered 1-very
unsatisfactory.
In a study by Womack, et al (2016), the addition of TASERs as a
less lethal use-of-force option for police officers has facilitated much noise. Many
police agencies have responded to change the force policy when it comes to the
usage of these weapons. The goal of these changes is often to minimize concern
about injury to citizens and hopefully lessen both injuries to police officers and
victims of assault. The present study used officer injury panel data from the City of
Dallas (Texas) Human Resources Department to assess the impact of a 2005
modification to the Dallas Police Department’s TASER policy. The study assessed
the change in the rate of officer injury after the implementation of a more restrictive
policy in accordance to CEWs usage.

55
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter gives the summary, conclusions, and recommendations of the
designed project entitled Taser Alarm with Flashlight.
Summary of Findings
The Taser Alarm with Flashlight was designed as an innovation to the common
Taser device wherein the additions to the electric conductor device are alarm and
flashlights which can increase chances of survival. The aim of this project is solely
to assist law enforcers as well as civilians in protecting themselves and lessening
crime rates related to physical and sexual assault, hostage taking, and kidnapping
should such occasions occur.
The safety switch which serves as the switch that allows the power button to be
pressed functions well along with other components. The Taser device possesses
a voltage pulse inverter of 1000kv which is 0.5A. Once activated, the alarm
activates simultaneously with the Taser device as their wirings are entwined. The
device can also be used individually as a flashlight.

56
The device, when tested on a live subject, delivers a mild shock due to the
3v battery but can be replaced to 9v rechargeable battery. The charge emitted
depends on the battery itself which can be changed after the prototyping of the
device.
The proponents based the creation of the Taser device to technical
descriptions and instructions from the internet but the innovations applied on the
device were from the trial and error efforts of the proponents themselves. All the
errors encountered were corrected. The conditions in Tables 1, 2, and 3 are
satisfied, and therefore the system is considered functional if not may be possibly
improved in the future in relation of the battery. Overall, the project was designed
and tested successfully.
Conclusions
The design project entitled “Taser Alarm with Flashlight: A Three in One
Prevention to Physical and Sexual Assault,” is a device that helps reduce the
percentage of criminal activity relating to physical and sexual assault aspects
pertaining to the individual.
TASER is a useful device that ensures the protection of its users in the
suspected vicinity of assailants. It also presents a chance to escape and call for
help within a dangerous situation. In order to perform what has been stated above,
57
the device contains a pulse inverter of 1000kv which is 0.5A and a non-
rechargeable battery of 9v that may be upgraded to a rechargeable battery of 9v
as well.
Criminal activity is very rampant in our country and so to answer this blatant
call for justice, the proponents created an innovation of the TASER device
commonly used in other countries to stem violent acts before they escalate. It is
entirely possible to use the device the opposite of how it must be used such as to
create more criminal activity but it is the hope of the researchers that the device
be used for justified and legal means and are in no way responsible for the way
this device is to be used by those who wish to do so. In order to use the device,
the user must switch on the safety switch located on the posterior part of the device
before turning on the power switch located on the anterior part of the device in
order to trigger the device for use. It is ultimately a solution for an individual to feel
secure despite solitarily walking by oneself.

58
Recommendations
The researchers' project is made to lessen and eliminate the crime rates and
to have the people a self-defensive device. The researchers suggest the
following recommendations:
1. To the future researchers, must come up with the problem for the illegal
use of Taser to hurt people and to do any activities that are against the
law using the device.
2. To the people wanted to do the Taser device, must be a responsible
citizen and also advocate to lessen and reduce the crime rates and must
able to be trusted to do what is right or to do the things that are expected
or required for having the device.

59
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Adkins, L. D. (2017). A Policy Evaluation: Comparing Levels of Police Injuries

Associated with the Use of Less-Lethal Instruments in Law Enforcement –
Conducted Energy Devices vs. Other Less-Lethal Instruments. Retrieved
from https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/
Brewer, J. E., & Kroll, M. W. (2009). Field Statistics Overview. TASER

Conducted Electrical Weapons: Physiology, Pathology and Law. DOI:
10.1007/978-0-387-85475-5_24
Crow, M. S., & Adrion, B. (2011). Focal Concerns and Police Use of Force
Examining the Factors Associated with Taser User. Police Quarterly,
14(4), 366-387. DOI: 10.1177/1098611111432740
Gau, J. M., Mosher, C., & Pratt, T. C. (2009). An Inquiry Into the Impact of
Suspect Race on Police Use of Tasers. Police Quarterly,, 13(1). DOI:
10.1177/1098611109357332
Grenier, F., et. al. (2016). Public Order Disturbance: Is the Use of Non-Less-
Lethal Weapon always Adapted? A French Case Report. Austin Journal of
Forensic Science and Criminology, 3(2), 1052.
Hollander, J. A. (2009). The Roots of Resistance to Women’s Self-Defense.

Violence Against Women, 15(5), 574–594. DOI:
10.1177/1077801209331407
HOW SAFE ARE TASER WEAPONS?. (2010) Retrieved from

https://global.axon.com/
Jordan, J., & Mossman, E. (2017). “Back Off Buddy, This Is My Body, Not
Yours”: Empowering Girls Through Self-Defense. Violence Against
Women, 107780121774121. DOI: 10.1177/1077801217741217
Jauchern, J. (2010). TASER® Conducted Electrical Weapons: Misconceptions in

the Scientific/Medical and Other Literature. Forensic Science Medicine
and Pathology, 11(1). DOI: 10.1007/s12024-014-9640-x
60
Krishnan, S. & Chai Wha, R. T. (2017). Public Acceptance on Saving Lives Using
Taser for Royal Malaysian Police. International Journal of Advance and
Multidisciplinary Social Science, 3(1), 7-14. DOI:
10.5923/j.jamss.20170301.02
MacDonald, J. M., Kaminski, R. J., & Smith, M. R. (2009). The Effect of Less-
Lethal Weapon on Injuries in Police Use of Force Events. American
Journal of Public Health, 99(12), 2268-2274.
Macy, R. J., et. al. (2009). Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Services.
Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(1), 3–32. DOI:
10.1177/0886260508329128
McGuinness, T. (2016). Taser use in England and Wales (House of Commons,

7701). Retrieved from www.parliament.uk/commons-library
O’Brien, A. (2014). Health Effect of TASER® Electronic Control Devices. Journal

of Emergency Nursing. DOI: 10.1016/j.jen.2014.04.011
Ombudsman, (2012). How are Taser weapons Used by the NSW Police Force?.
Retrieved from https://www.ombo.nsw.gov.au/
Philippine National Police Handbook PNPM-DO-DS-3-2-12 (2013). Revised

Philippine National Police Operational Procedures. Retrieved from
http://www.pnp.gov.ph/
Pulley, R. (2016). Law Enforcement and Technology: Requiring Technological

Shields to Serve and Protect Citizen Rights. Wake Forest Journal of Law
& Policy, 6(2). Retrieved from https://wfulawpolicyjournal.com/
SERIOUS INJURIES FROM TASER ARE EXTREMELY RARE (2009, January

15), American College of Emergency Physicians. Retrieved from
https://www.acep.org/
Singh, N. (2018). Tasers: The Hidden Danger of Less-Lethal Weapons.

Retrieved from https:/journalism.berkely.edu/
61
Smith, R. (2009). Police, the Public, ‘Less Lethal Force” and suspects:
Deconstructing the Human Rights Arguments. The Police Journal: Theory
Practice and Principles, 82(3), 194-211. DOI: 10.1350/pojo.2009.82.3.445
Sousa, W., Justin, R. Ault, M. (2010). The Impact of TASERs on Police Use-Of-
Force Decisions: Findings From a Randominzed Field-Training
Experiment. J Exp Criminol, 6, 35-55. DOI: 10.1007/s11292-010-9089-1
Ullman, S. E. (2010). Psychology of women (APA Division 35). Talking about

sexual assault: Society's response to survivors. Washington, DC, US:
American Psychological Association.
Womack, V. G., Morris, R. G, & Bishopp, S. A. (2016). Do Changes in TASER

Use Policy Affect Pollice Officer Injury Rates?. Police Quarterly, 19(4),
410-434. DOI: 10.1177/1098611116629796
62
APPENDIX A
TESTING WITH PICTURES

63
PICTURES PROCEDURES
First Testing:
Clothed Leg
Second Testing:
Bare Skin
64
Third Testing:
Clothed Forearm (Left)
Fourth Testing:
Clothed Forearm (Right)

65
66
APPENDIX B
PROTOTYPE LAYOUT
67
68
APPENDIX C
HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS
69
COMPONENTS PURPOSES
Voltage Pulse Inverter
Wires
Switch (2)
120 Decibels Distress Alarm
Flashlight
70
Battery (Power Source)
Motorcycle Horn Switch

71
APPENDIX D
MANUAL OF OPERATIONS
72
PICTURES PROCEDURES
Step 1: Press Safety Switch at
posterior part of the Taser device.
Step 2: Press the ‘On’ switch on the
anterior part of the Taser Device.
Observe the sparks emitted from the
prongs.
73
Step 3: Position the device on any
part of the assailant’s body whether
clothed or bare.
74
APPENDIX E
ACCEPTABILITY FORM
75
TASER ALARM WITH FLASHLIGHT: A THREE IN ONE PREVENTION TO PHYSICAL

AND SEXUAL ASSAULT
Name (optional):_______________ Section:_____________ Age:________

Sex:_______
Put a check (√) to the column that corresponds to your answer.
Legend: Very Satisfactory - 4 Unsatisfactory - 2
Satisfactory - 3 Very Unsatisfactory - 1
Result
I. User Acceptance 4 3 2 1
1. Safety can be felt when a person possesses a self-

defensive weapon when travelling.
2. It is convenient and useful to have a device for self-
defense.
3. A TASER (an electronic device capable of
electrocution) suffice as a near non-lethal self-
defense weaponry.
Result
II. Functionality 4 3 2 1
1. The device can be activated as a taser or a

flashlight.
76
2. The device’s built-in alarm works in conjuction with

the taser component as both switches are
interconnected.
3. When activated, the device emits sparks which
signify the passage of current through the bolts at
the cap of the device.
Result
III. User Friendliness 4 3 2 1
1. The device has a safety switch which prevents the

unintentional activation of the device.
2. The PVC pipe width allows for ease of holding.
3. The device can be stored in a backpack and a

shoulder bag, provided that the length of the space is
22” or more.
77
CURRICULUM VITAE
78
79
80
81
82

12stem1 Group 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

12stem1 Group 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

PAMANTASAN NG CABUYAO

Senior High School Department

TASER ALARM WITH FLASHLIGHT:

PHYSICAL AND SEXUAL

A Senior High School Research Proposal

Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Department

Of the requirements for the subject

Delfinado, Mark Joseph S.

Vasquez, Kate Almira E.

This thesis here to entitled:

TASER ALARM WITH FLASHLIGHT: THREE-IN-ONE PREVENTION TO

PHYSICAL AND SEXUAL ASSAULT

Prepared and submitted by PAMELA F. ALCURAN, MARK JOSEPH S.

Kharmela Batonero, LPT, &

Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a grade of _____________.

Sherilyn C. Gayon, LPT

Kharmela A. Batonero, LPT Jeremy Paul Gecolea, LPT

Accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the subject Practical

Kharmela A. Batonero, LPT, & Mary Grace Gibaga, LPT

To our family who gave us strength, encouragement and determination to

PFA, MJSD, CAG, BDP, DPR, KAEV

To our respectful adviser, Ms. Ivilen Marie Colaljo who accompanied us

To the panelists: Ms. Sherilyn Gayon, Ms. Kharmela A. Batonero, Mr.

Moreover, our deeper appreciation to our Parents who supported us

PFA, MJSD, CAG, BDP, DPR, KAEV

Title : TASER ALARM WITH FLASHLIGHT: THREE-IN-ONE

PREVENTION TO PHYSICAL AND SEXUAL ASSAULT

Authors : PAMELA F. ALCURAN, MARK JOSEPH S. DELFINADO,

CHAIRMANE A. GERERO, BJ D. PABELLANO, DESIREE P.

RIOVEROS, KATE ALMIRA E. VASQUEZ

School : Pamantasan ng Cabuyao

Adviser : Kharmela A. Batonero, Mary Grace Gibaga

This research describes and analyzes the overall implications of the

The study follows Quantitative Methods including formalized principles that

research questions, research design and the selection or analysis of data to

interpretations and conclusions. The data is linked to specific variables, and

of tables, graphs or statistical measurements.

researchers and is very much operational as well as functional.

Further studies are required to improve the device capabilities to its

maximum potential (ie. GPS-powered TASERs). The information to improve the

order to recreate the product the researchers conducted. Furthermore, the

psychological, sociological, and environmental ramifications of the usage of this

undertook before the acquisition of the aforementioned information.

Table of Contents viii

List of Tables xii

List of Figures xiii

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 9

Foreign and Local Literature 9

Project Research Design 26

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 33

Project Technical Description 33

5 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND 55

A Testing with Pictures 62

1 Project Evaluation of Taser Function with and Without Alarm 42

2 Project Evaluation of Functions After Successful 43

4 Result of Data Evaluation Form 48

1 Anterior view of the Taser-Alarm with Flashlight 35

2 Rear view of the Taser-Alarm with Flashlight consisting 35

3 Side view of the Taser-Alarm with Flashlight. 35

4 Side view of the Taser-Alarm with Flashlight. 36

5 Project Organization of Taser Alarm with Flashlight 38

A Taser is a handheld device which discharges a certain amount of electric

introduced to police as a non-lethal weapon mainly used to immobilize certain