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EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE TO THE SCHOOL PERFORMANCE OF THE

GRADE 12 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

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EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE TO THE SCHOOL PERFORMANCE OF THE
GRADE 12 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Donnie Grace Branzuela, Kizzv Mar Bete, Philip Jay Dela Pena, Chris T. Sagarino
and Jackylyn M. Maneja

Iligan City National High School

Senior High School Department

chrissagarino2016@gmail.com

Abstract: Social Media is about collaborating, networking, sharing and generating knowledge
and content, all of those features are of great value in the context of higher education but still,
Social Media was considered to be a deteriorating agent in academics by some people. The study
aims to know the positive or negative effects of social media usage towards student’s academic
performance in Iligan City National High School. In this study, the researchers had the sample
size of 257 out of 739 Grade 12 Senior High school students from Iligan City National High
School as the respondents. Amongst the 257 respondents the researchers randomly picked 10
respondents who were chosen to be interviewed. The researchers concluded that there is no
direct relationship between using social media and school performance of the students, since
even though the students just use social media for entertainment they still have high and good
grades instead of looking for some information related to their lessons. The researchers suggest
that students must have control over their usage of social media to avoid negative effects of
social media towards academic performance.

Keywords: social media, school performance, senior high school

“Effects of Social Media Usage to the school performance of the Grade 12 Senior….” Page 1
EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE TO THE
SCHOOL PERFORMANCE OF THE GRADE 12
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
By: Donnie Grace Branzuela, Kizzv Mar Bete, Philip
Jay Dela Pena, Chris T. Sagarino and Jackylyn M.
Maneja
1.1 Background of the Study
Over the past few years, Social media has
grown to be a phenomenon in our culture. Social
Media are websites and applications that enable users
to create and share content or participate in social
networking. Social Media plays an important role in
every student’s life. It is easier for them to
communicate, access information and provide
information via social media platforms; Facebook,
Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, Google and etc.
Social Media is about collaborating,
networking, sharing and generating knowledge and
content, all of those features are of great value in the
context of higher education (Priyanka Gupta, 2015).
But still, Social Media is considered to be the
deteriorating agent in academics by some people. A
study of Weiser (2008) shows that vast majority of
college students are using Facebook, Twitter,
Instagram, YouTube and etc (Hitam and Idrus, 2014).
For significant reasons such as making new friends
and locating old friends. However, they also suggested
that students use social media apps and platforms not
only for social purposes but also for educational
purposes. According to Ellison et al., (2007) research
results, it shows that students use social media only for
fun, to have contact with friends, and to follow photos,
videos, events and etc (Hitam and Idrus, 2014). Thus,
it can be said that social media is rarely used for
educational purposes. It appears therefore that social
media fulfill its role as its was intended by its creators;
to support social networks. Statistics show that women
spend more time on social media than men, however
women use social media more effectively than men
(Priestly, 2017). A study of Hitam and Idrus (2014)
revealed that women are more likely to engage in
online communication to maintain personal
connections and for learning preferences, whereas men
use online communication for pursuing sexual interest
and romance.
Nowadays, social media platforms are used
for various reasons whether be it for social
networking, social marketing, learning and educational
purposes, pleasure and sometimes use negatively such
as cyber bullying, stereotyping, pornography and even
a go-to place for depressed people. Teenagers today
“Effects of Social Media Usage to the school performance of the Grade 12 Senior….”
are not even aware now just a single post of their
personal details can affect their privacy. The use of
social media really affects one’s life whether be it their
social aspects, privacy, health, and performance in
school.
This study aims to know the purpose of Grade
12 Senior High School Students in Iligan City
National High School in using social media and how
their social media usage affects their school
performances either positively or negatively.
1.2 Theoretical Framework
Computer-mediated communication theory-
Deindividuation Phenomena in action can be seen in
computer mediated communication (CMC-for
example, Twitter, Facebook, Blogs, YouTube, Social
networking sites, or chat rooms). People can use CMC,
unlike any other media to communicate anonymously
if they wish. Just as traditional research on
deindividuation predicts, CMC is often characterized
by hostile negative interactions (Trolling, cyber
bullying or flaming) and increased level of personal
disclosure. Theorists typically attributes such behavior
to the physical anonymity offered by CMC is argued
that the anonymity of CMC frees people from normal
constraints on behavior, allowing people to behave
impulsively and often anti socially however, some
research shows that although the dendividuation
context of CMC blurs, peoples individual
characteristic. An important consequence is that it also
enhances the salience of groups and their associated
norms. (Douglas).
Social information processing theory- this theory
explains how individuals use computer mediated
communication to develop interpersonal impressions
and to advance relational communication over time
online. The absence of non-verbal cues when using a
medium that is Generally restricted to textual symbols.
The theory stipulates that the information processing
of such code systems requires more time than face to
face communication in order to achieve similar levels
of interpersonal development (Walther, 2015).
Social learning theory – The close relation of this
theory to social cognitive theory is argued that screen-
media exposure leads to the cognitive acquisition of
behaviors along with their expected social, emotional,
and cognitive consequences. Exposure to portrayals
suggesting that a Behavior (sex) will lead to social
disapproval or other negative outcomes. Is likely to
foster negative attitudes toward the depicted behavior,
not promote its enactment. Thus the content portrayed
(sexual or not) and the specific nature of content are
Page 2
critical to measure if one wishes to accurately predict
subsequent beliefs and behavior (Circello, 2013)
1.3 Conceptual Framework
Figure 1: Conceptual Framework
The figure above is a conceptual paradigm of the
study. It shows how the study will run through the
process. The researchers wanted to know the Grade
12 Senior High School student’s usage of social
media and the effects of social media usage affects
their school performance. The demographic profile of
the respondents will be the independent variable and
the school performance as the dependent variable.
1.4 Statement of the Problem
This study aims to identify the impact of the
use of social media to the school performance of the
students. This study will also seek to answer the
following questions:
1. What are the demographic profile of the
respondents?
a. Track or Strand
2. What is the percentage of the students who use
social media for the following:
a. Social Connectivity
b. Entertainment
c. Information Gaining
3. What are the negative and positive impacts of
the usage of the social media to the students?
4. What is the relationship between the usage of
social media and the school performance of the
students?
1.5 Hypothesis
H1: There is a relationship between social
media usage and the school performance
of the students
1.6 Significance of the Study
Teenagers nowadays do not know the
overusing effects of the technology particularly their
engagement in different social media platforms
including; Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Tumblr,
yahoo and etc. Teenagers spend more than one-third of
“Effects of Social Media Usage to the school performance of the Grade 12 Senior….”
their days using social media, nearly nine (9) hours on
the average, according to the new study from the
family technology education non-profit group,
common sense media. There are a lot of positive and
negative effects in using social media, these effects
include the risk of their health, academic performances
and interaction in the real world.
The importance of this study will redound for
the society to push changes in the usage of social
media. The result will benefit the following:
Students. The result of this study will surely partake
in informing the students particularly in
Iligan City National High School that
overusing social media will have a great
impact on their lives, and these effects
would either be positive or negative
depending on their means of using the
social media. Students will then change
their time schedules in using social media
platforms responsibly.
Parents. The outcome of this study will take part in
informing the parents of the community to
monitor the time that their children use for
social media.
Future Researchers. The result of this study will
guide the future researchers in evaluating
and testing the validity of their findings in
related literature. The result of the study
will serve as a cross-reference for their
study in the future.
1.7 Scope and Limitation
This study is only limited to the Grade 12
Senior High School Students particularly the students
in Iligan City National High School. The researchers
used the Slovin’s Formula for the total number of
respondents. Random sampling was used to get the
appropriate sample for this study. This research is only
limited in analyzing the social media usage
particularly in Facebook, Instagram and Twitter and
the school performance of the students in terms of
their grades.
This research was conducted in Iligan City
National High School which is located at Gen.Wood
Street, Mahayahay Iligan City, Philippines.
The researchers used descriptive research
design and created survey questionnaires in gathering
data that undergone face validation, content validation
and readability test.
1.8 Operational Definition of Terms
Under this topical component are the
OPERATIONAL and CONCEPTUAL definition of
Page 3
the terms that are found in the title of the study,
including other unusual and technical terms. However,
some schools require the inclusion of only those terms
that are found in the title of the study. The other
unusual and technical terms are defined on the
pertinent page(s) of the manuscript where first
mentioned. Whichever approach is followed; it is
cautioned to refrain from using only the conceptual or
dictionary definition the terms presented.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS are “must” as this
show how each concept or aspect is to operate or be
measured in the study. To show how an operational
definition of a term differs from a conceptual
definition of the same term, examples are shown:
Facebook - is a free social networking Web platform
that promotes and facilitates interaction
between friends, family and colleagues.
Facebook was founded in 2004 by Mark
Zuckerberg and several Harvard
University classmates. (Techopedia,
2018)
- In this study, the researchers used this
social media platform as both
empowering and deteriorating social
media platform for student’s academics.
Instagram - is the name of an online photo sharing
social Web service that lets you share
your life with friends through a series of
pictures captured with a mobile device.
Instagram also supports video uploads
and lets users of the service instantly
share photos on several social sites,
including Flickr, Facebook, Tumblr and
Twitter or specify a location with any
photo to check in on Foursquare.
(Vangie Beal, 2018)
- In this study, the researchers used this
social media platform as both
empowering and deteriorating social
media platform for student’s academics.
Internet - a global computer network providing a
variety of information and
communication facilities, consisting of
interconnected networks using
standardized communication protocols.
(Oxford University Press, 2018)
Social Media - is a computer-based technology that
facilitates the sharing of ideas and
information and the building of virtual
netwroks and communities. By design,
social media is internet based and offers
users easy electronic communication of
personal information and other content,
“Effects of Social Media Usage to the school performance of the Grade 12 Senior….”
such as videos and photos. Users engage
with social media via computer, table or
smartphone via web-based software or
web application, often utilizing it for
messaging. (Investopedia,2018)
Social Media Platforms – is a web-based technology
that enables the development,
deployment and management of social
media solutions and services. It provides
the ability to create social media
websites and services with complete
social media network functionality.
(Techopedia,2018)
Technology – is a body of knowledge devoted to
creating tools, processing actions and
the extracting of materials. The term
“Technology” is wide, and everyone has
their way of understanding its meaning.
We use technology to accomplish
various tasks in our daily lives, I brief;
we can describe technology as products
and processes used to simplify our daly
lives. We use technology to extend our
abilities, making people the most crucial
part of any technological system.
(Karehka Ramey, 2013)
- In this study, these are those electronic
driven technologies that students can use
a medium to have access to social media
platforms.
Twitter – is a social networking and micro blogging
online service that allows users to send
and receive text-based messages or posts
of up to 140 characters called “tweets”.
(Techopedia,2018)
- In this study, the researchers used this
social media platform as both
empowering and deteriorating social
media platform for student’s academics.
School Performance - positive effects of school and
its actors to attaining the goals, related to
the academic achievement and personal
development of students.
3.1 Research Design
In this study, the researchers made use of
Descriptive Research Design. Since descriptive
research design concerns to providing a picture of a
situation as it naturally happens through the use of
descriptions. The research design that the researchers
used will enabled them to profoundly interpret,
analyze, and describe the relationship of social media
usage and the school performances of the Grade 12
Page 4
Senior High School students of Iligan City National
High School (ICNHS) since the researchers need to
come up with data qualitatively and quantitatively.
3.2 Research Setting
This study was conducted in Iligan City
National High School ( ICNHS) which is also called
CITY HIGH is located at Gen.Wood Street ,Corner
Roxas Avenue, Brgy. Mahayahay, Iligan City 9200
Lanao Del Norte of Northern Mindanao (Region X),
Philippines. Iligan City National High School is one of
the Philippines biggest school in terms of the student’s
population. The school consists of 111 instructional
rooms and 9 non-instructional rooms. The school has
7, 121 students with the class size for each classroom
ranges from 50 plus students. Mr. Rex Lao Razo is the
current Principal of the institution. Iligan City National
High School is not far from the city, therefore students
can easily access to their social media accounts.
Figure 2: The Map of Iligan City National High
School
Figure 3: Iligan City National High School
3. 3 Respondents
In this study, the researchers used stratified
sampling as the means of selecting the respondents.
The population (Grade 12 Senior High School
students) was divided into subgroups in terms of
strand and then the researchers did the random
sampling within that subgroups. The researchers had
the sample size of 257 out of 739 Grade 12 senior high
school students as the respondents of this study
therefore, the researchers had 257 survey
“Effects of Social Media Usage to the school performance of the Grade 12 Senior….”
questionnaires. Amongst the 257 respondents the
researchers randomly picked 10 respondents who were
chosen to be interviewed since the researchers need to
come up with data qualitatively and quantitatively.
3. 4 Research Instrument
The researchers of this study will make use of
the following research tools in gathering the data:
The Research Designed Questionnaire. This is
where the given data is provided to the respondents in
a set of questions. This instrument assesses
participants to distinguish the effect of the utilization
of online networking to the school execution of the
understudies.
Flesh-Kincaid by Rudolf Flesch and J. Peter
Kincaid. These are readability tests intended to
demonstrate how difficult a perusing section in
English. There are two tests, the Flesch Reading Ease,
and the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level. Despite the fact
that they utilize similar centers measures (word length
and sentence length), they have distinctive weighting
factors (Flesch and Kincaid, 1978). In this study, this
instrument determined if the assessment tools of the
Social Media Usage and Academic Performance was
suitable for the Senior High School Students.
3.5 Data Gathering Procedure
Figure 5: Flow of the Data Gathering Procedure
3.5.1 Data Collection Plan
Data Collection Plan started in the
construction of letter or permission to conduct the
survey inside the school premise. The letter was given
to the selected respondents of Grade 12 Senior High
School students and to the principal. The letter was
used as a tool and key to conduct the survey in case of
any restrictions to conduct said survey. Next is the
construction of survey questionnaire. The researchers
made use of the survey questionnaire to fully cover the
respondent’s answers quantitatively and qualitatively.
Page 5
The researchers formulated questions depending on
the different social media usage which includes
questions under entertainment, Social Connectivity,
Information gaining, and Entertainment. Then comes
the validation phase, after the construction of the
questionnaires it will go through a process or series of
validation; Face validation, content validation and
readability test. The importance of the validation phase
is that the researchers will be able to see the mistakes
and lapses of the questionnaires. Lastly, the
questionnaires will go through a revision after it is
validated to come up with clear and concise and
appropriate survey questionnaires to gather relevant
answers from the respondents.
3.5.3 Evaluation Stage
The researchers synthesized the answers of the
respondents in the survey questionnaires. The
researchers looked for the similar and different
answers with regards to the social media usage. Next,
the researchers tallied the answers through the use of
table and looked for the percentage of the respondents
with the same means of using social media. Then, the
researchers interpreted the tabulated answers and
percentages. The researchers undergone a thorough
and profound process of analyzation and interpretation
of the answers. Finally, the researchers presented their
conclusion in relation to the usage of the social media
among Grade 12 Senior High School Students.

3.5.2 Data Collection Stage 3.6 Statistical Treatment of Data

Statistical treatment of data is essential in
TRACK / FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
order to make use of the data in the right form. Raw
STRAND
data collection is only one aspect of any experiment;
Accountancy
the organization of data is equally important so that
and Business 34 13.23 %
appropriate conclusions can be drawn. With the help
Management
of these tools the researchers were able to have a
Humanities
profound interpretation and conclusions with regards
and Social 80 31.13 %
to the study.
Science
The researchers used the statistical tool above
Sports 15 5.84 % to have an accurate sample size of the study that could
Science, represent the whole population of the Grade 12 Senior
Technology, High School students together with a margin of error
33 12.84 % (0.05).
Engineering,
The frequency percentage was used by the
Mathematics
Technical researchers to calculate the percentage of the Grade 12
Vocational 95 37 % Senior High school students who use social media as a
Livelihood means of Entertainment, Social connectivity, and
Information Gaining.

4.1 Sub- problem no. 1: What are the demographic

TOTAL: 257 100 %
Implementation of the planned collection of
data started with the selection of respondents through
sampling procedures. Sampling can make access to the
population more convenience and reliable. Choosing
the exact sample size (N) enabled the researchers to
have an appropriate representative of the whole
population size. After selecting the respondents, the
researchers then conducted the survey. The researchers
conducted the survey to the selected respondents with
the constructed survey questionnaires. The survey
questionnaires together with the answers of the
respondents will be retrieved by the researchers for the
evaluation.
profile of the respondents?
Table 1 shows the demographic profile of the
respondents in terms of their strand. The table layouts
the demographic profile of the respondents of this
study along with that are the number of the students
per strand, the third column shows the percentage of
each of every strand.
It implies that there are more students coming
from Technical Vocational Livelihood Track which
has the greatest number of respondents of 95 grade 12
students contributing to most of the total percentage of
37% of 100%. On the other hand, Sports Track has the
least number of respondents of only 15 grade 12
students having the least contributing percentage of
5.84% of 100%.

“Effects of Social Media Usage to the school performance of the Grade 12 Senior….” Page 6
Table 1: Demographic Profile of the Respondents The results signifies that most of the Grade 12
TRACK / FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE Senior High School students use social media as their
STRAND means of entertainment and recreational activities.
Meanwhile, Social Connectivity having the least of
Accountancy
respondents who agreed on using social media as their
and Business 34 13.23 %
means to connect to their friends and families having a
Management
reason that their friends in their social media accounts
Humanities
are also just their existing friends in the real world
and Social 80 31.13 %
wherein, they can still communicate everyday without
Science
social media.
Sports 15 5.84 % Sub- problem no. 3: What are the negative and
Science, positive impacts of the usage of social media to the
Technology, students?
33 12.84 % Researchers found out that social media usage
Engineering,
Mathematics has its own fair share of positive and negative effects
Technical towards the student’s academe. Social media has
Vocational 95 37 % fulfilled its purpose – to create global villages and
Livelihood create connections to people around the world but it
seems that discrimination does not end in real life but
continues to exist in virtual worlds. Positive effects of
TOTAL: 257 100 % social media includes the effects of the latter to the
student’s academics, the purpose of it to connect
worlds, help people to accomplish duties and
4.2 Sub- problem no. 2: What is the percentage of
responsibilities faster and easier, it also affects the
the students who use social media for the following:
student’s mental health in a way that some students
Table 2: Percentage of students who used Social
have excessive usage of social media, affects mood in
Media for different means
a way that the contents of every social media differ
from each other and resulted to fast changing moods of
PERCENTAGE the respondents, social media also affects social
aspects of the students since some enhance their ability
AGREE DISAGREE
to socialize and some also make their social anxiety
SOCIAL 70.11 % 28.89 % attacks. Implying that if social media is not used
CONNECTIVITY properly all those positive effects would seem to turn
ENTERTAINMENT 85.02 % 14.98 % negative to some other students.
INFORMATION 82.88 % 17.12 % Usage of social media has no direct
GAINING relationship to the school performance. According to
the data gathered even if the students spend a lot of
time using social media still, has positive effects to the
Table 2 presents the percentage of students
students, it only depends on how a student deal with
who use social media for social connectivity having a
consequences of their usage of social media. Thus, the
percentage of 70.88 %, entertainment with 85.02 %
effects of social media depend on their usage of the
and information gaining with 82.88 % and the second
latter.
column showing the percenatage of the students who
disagreed in using social media for the said means of
5.1 Summary of Findings
usage. For the qualitative data, contradictory to the
This study investigates the effects of social
results of the quantitative results, majority of the
media to the school performance of the grade 12 senior
respondents that the researchers had interviewed said
high school students and to determine whether there is
that they use social media mainly to connect with
a relationship between social media usage and school
friends and family, next in line is that they use social
performance. Wherein the sample size is 257 out of
media to be informed of the happenings in their
739 Senior High School students who undergone a
sorroundings and use social media for educational
sampling method which is the Random Sampling. The
purposes contradicting to the percentage of students
researchers used research instrument – survey
who use it rarely for academics.
questionnaires and interview, also the researcher did a

“Effects of Social Media Usage to the school performance of the Grade 12 Senior….” Page 7
lot of profounding and analyzing of the gathered data
since the researchers used a Descriptive Research
Design.
The researchers found out that social media
users nowadays were a great composition of teenagers.
The researchers found out that students were having a
great and wide scope of using social media and affects
them positively and negatively. Most of the Grade 12
Senior High School student of Iligan City National
High School use social media as their means for
entertainment, for fun and to be happy and entertained
at times they get tired from having a lot of workloads
and paper works from school. Meanwhile, only a
number of the Grade 12 Senior High School students
use social media for information gaining. It implies
that social media usage has positive and negative
effects to the students but not the total academic
performance of the latter. Even though most of the
students just use social media for entertainment instead
of collecting information about certain topics and
issues their grades still belong to the “very
satisfactory” category.
5.2 Conclusion
It implies that there are most of the
respondents are coming from Technical Vocational
Livelihood Track which has the greatest number of
respondents of 95 grade 12 students contributing to
most of the total percentage of 37% of 100%. Next is
the Humanities and Social Sciences strand with 80
respondents contributing to 31.13 % of the total
percentage, followed by the Accountancy and
Business Management strand with 34 respondents,
Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics with
33 respondents. On the other hand, Sports Track has
the least number of respondents of only 15 grade 12
students having the least contributing percentage of
5.84% of 100%.
Students who use social media for Social
Connectivity has percentage of 70.88 % out of 100% ,
Entertainment with 85.02 % out of 100% and
Information Gaining with 82.88 % out of the total
percenatage of 100%.
The usage of social media covers a wide scope
of positive and negative effects toawards academe.
The researchers gathered the data through series of
interview. The gathered data shows that the postive
effects of social media include; the student’s
convenience in getting information about their lessons,
homeworks and bring home activities, it also make
them communicate with classmates and friends for
them to gather information about certain topics.
Negative effects of the latter towards academe include;
“Effects of Social Media Usage to the school performance of the Grade 12 Senior….”
laziness to the students and make them not to do the
household chores and not be able to run errands. it
also affects the student’s mental health, fast changing
moods, adapt some sexual behaviors and bad attitudes.
The researchers concluded that there is no
direct relationship between using social media and
school performance of the students, since even though
the students just use social media for entertainment
they still have high and good grades instead of looking
for some information related to their lessons. Theories
of the theoretical framework can also be used in
performing analysis to this study and why teenagers
were so linked and fond of using social media even if
it brings to them some negative effect that targets their
privacy, health, social, mental and emotional aspects.
5.3 Recommendations
The researchers also have found results that
are relevant to the people mentioned below. The
researchers of this study would like to recommend and
suggest things to the following:
To the Parents
The study showed that letting the children
spend most of their time using social media platforms
for various means can lead to effects from positive to
negative effects. The parents were suggested to
monitor their children to avoid excessive usage of
social media.
To the Students
The results presented that students who use
social media irresponsibly will probably gain most of
the negative effects than those who use it positively.
The researchers suggest that students must have
control over their usage of social media to avoid
negative effects of social media towards academic
performance.
To the future researchers
The researchers of this study found lapses on
this study. The researchers suggest future researchers
to focus on the allotted time of the students in using
social media in their future studies to have a more
accurate conclusion on how social media usage affect
the student’s academic performance.
Page 8
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