§ Does the form of a question make a difference to you?

§ Does it depend on the topic?

o Essential Question: How do you introduce yourself to other people? • Read nonverbals
o Will it be the same introduction to: • Listen more than you talk
• Family member § What can you do to keep from “jumping in” with another
• Classmate questions when your interviewees may just need some time to
• UST administrators think and answer?
• Teacher § Listening = Learning
• Stranger § The biggest communication problem is we do not listen to
• Financially challenged person understand. We listen to reply.
o Kinds of Families to Encounter
• Consists of more than 10 children o Question Structure
• Young couples • Closed questions: (yes or no)
• Single parents § Do you like to eat meat?
o Target § Do you use the barangay health clinic?
• One person to interview per group • Either/or questions:
• Avoid disrespectful attitudes § Do women… or do they…?
o Introduction (Introduce yourself) § Is the clinic free or there is a fee?
• Open questions (why, what, when, where, how)
o Essential parts of interviewing § What ate some foods you like to eat?
• State: asking questions or more formally interviewing people § When might you take your family member to the barangay
§ Form of communication health clinic?
§ Know people • Personal question forms
§ Know their problems, etc. § Do you throw your trash in the river?
• If done well, we can establish trust. (Community trust) § How many children do you have?
§ Develop trust of people as you interview them. • Generalized question forms
s It’s in your instincts whether or not you will trust a person. § Do people throw trash in the river?
s This may occur in the fieldwork; some will really lie or tell the § How many children do most families have?
truth.
s The way you trust depends on how you were raised, the
culture you practice, or how your parents taught you. o What can YOUth do?
• If done well, we can create a human bond • Mr. Ryan Ricalde – Bilang Pilipino sana ay maramdaman namin
§ You are there to listen na sinusuportahan niyo kaming mga Lumad.”
§ Be patient to become aware of the answers of your questions. o Skill Tool Kit Manual – Approaches in community engagement must
(because it may be difficult for the interviewee to tell personal be culturally appropriate
things) o Community engagement skills
• Begin a partnership • Observation
§ A process § Tsismisan, ang libangan sa bawat kanto. (ako ang sasagot
§ Doesn’t occur immediately kahit di mo tinatanong)
• Ask: What are the results of inappropriate question asking? § Filters
§ Income s Filters are biases, values, or beliefs that influence the way
§ Ex. Different complexity- try to praise them for surviving or we see something. (Life experiences, biases, trust, religion,
doing well in a situation. parents, self-image, prejudices, values, sex)
§ “Bakit ka mahirap?” – we cannot judge; some may be s They come from the concepts we learned in childhood and
contented with what they already have. have acquired over the years through experience.
§ If they have illegal practices. s Sample of Filters
§ If they don’t have a job. ◦ Life experiences: what you have gone through
§ Questions that show you are privileged. ◦ Culture: the norms with which you were raised
§ Process yourself; what questions wouldn’t offend them. ◦ Respect: whom you are taught to respect and how you
respect them
o Essential Characteristics of interviewing ◦ Self-image: how you perceive yourself
• Demonstrate respect ◦ Prejudice: the races, ethnic groups, social, and other
§ What are some ways you have used to display respect to groups you are prejudiced for or against
other people? ◦ Biases; the things you have a predilection for or against
s Open mindedness ◦ Background: where, how, and with what groups you were
s Tone raised
s Attention ◦ Trust: whom you learned to trust and distrust as a child
s Po and opo ◦ Parents: the many things you were taught by your
• Develop rapport parents
§ Close and harmonious relationship ◦ Sex and gender roles: the way you react to sexes and
§ Understand each other bender roles; how you perceive the world based on your
§ Communicate well sex
§ Connection; makikita nararamdaman ng mga tao ◦ Likes and dislikes: your personal likes and dislikes
§ How would you develop rapport with someone? • Facilitation
• Use familiar, non-threatening topics • Interview
§ the topics that are familiar and non-threatening differ by
cultures and their particular history
• Use appropriate, non-threatening question forms o Aims of Facilitation
§ Why do you think most Filipinos begin with the question o Facilitation
“Kumusta po kayo?” “Ano po ang trabaho niyo?” • Facilitation is a skill which encourages the members of a group
§ Not all people are comfortable with personal questions to express and discuss their own ideas
§ “Ano po sa tingin o masasabi ninyo sa programang • Group facilitation (strategy design, action planning, issue
pangkalusugan dito sa inyong lugar?” or “Ano po ang mapping, process mapping, problem solving, conflict resolution,
sinasabi ng mga tao o ng inyong mga kabarangay sa project/activity prioritizing, visualization, team building,
programang pangkalusugan sa inyong lugar?” stakeholder engagement)
§ A less personal question form may be more appropriate
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 • It requires the use of questions that elicit ideas, probe, and • Hence, it is a cycle
encourage everyone to participate and express views o Engagement (Short/brief one), Empowerment (Cannot be
• Requires paraphrasing and summarizing quantified; it takes time)
• Attention to the process of the group o Globalization
• It builds the skills that were introduced and practiced in the • Changes brought by globalization? – technology, etc.
interviewing session. o How communication affects empowerment of a person?
• Facilitation must be culturally appropriated • Involves understanding so others may be empowered as well
o Our goal: to learn how to facilitate discussions. o Importance of Empowerment
o Effective Facilitator • Quality of life and human dignity
• Leader-centered § Whatever status you have, you can have a contribution to
§ Introduce new ideas the community
§ Lead through series of steps • Good governance
§ Test knowledge § Leaders are already empowered, and hopefully doing their
§ Review activity jobs/applying in their positions what needs to be done in the
• Facilitator community
§ Help group process own ideas • Pro-poor growth
§ Knowledge resides in group § Helps those who are financially challenged
§ Manage process, not content • Project effectiveness and improved service delivery
§ Encourages all to participate § Empower self through the process if ever a project fails
o Language patterns o Types of Empowerment
§ Question asking • Social empowerment - Connection or linkages with the people
§ Paraphrasing § Ex. Community members helping each other if there are
§ Summarizing calamities, fire, etc.
o Key steps in facilitating a group • Economic Empowerment - Certain livelihood needs to be
§ Arrival (build a rapport) enhanced to increase profit or growth
§ Introductions (demonstrations of respect) § Aside from work, other people find ways to earn additional
§ Facilitation of discussions income
§ Summarizing • Political Empowerment - Leaders have best practices and they
§ Closure share it with one another to empower each other
o 4 Key Elements
1.Access to information
o What is empowerment? • Information is power
• Can be in different forms (subjective) • Communication technologies often play a pivotal role in.
• Contribute idea then naging maganda outcome – felt happy Broadening access to information
• People consider themselves empowered when they think about • every person should have access to info
others, not only themselves • If you want to help out your community, them you have to know
o Empowerment and Participatory Development more information
• Define power 2.Inclusion/participation
§ Authority • Opportunities for poor people
§ Decision making that will affect everyone • Participate in decision making = critical
§ Who holds power in your community? • Commitment to change
• Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man how 3.Accountability
to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. – Lao Tzu • State officials, public employees, and private actors must be
• Short term and long term effects held answerable for their policies, actions, and use of funds
• Release the potential • Horizontal or internal accountability mechanisms
§ We’re all capable pf doing much more. It’s institutions and 4.Local organizational capacity
concepts that limit us and keep us down. We’re like a bonsai • Ability of people to work together, organize themselves , and
tree, a tiny plant kept tiny because of the way we’re planted. mobilize resources to solve problems of common interest
If we bad a better place, we would be tall and moving toward • Community as a puzzle in which it cannot function without all
the sky. of its parts.
§ What are your potentials? o Empowered Community
s Potentials – capability • Confident
s Potential means nothing if you don’t do anything with it. • Inclusive
s Unleash your potential • Organized
s “Release your inner kraken.” • Co-operative
◦ Do not limit yourself • Influential
◦ Make actions on your strengths and potentials. o Community as a construction
o Empowerment • Application: Nasa contractors yung plano and
• Refers broadly to the expansion of freedom of choice and magcocompromise sa kung ano gusto ng client para masatify
action (WHO, 2010) yung needs or requirements niya; like a leader maaapektuhan
• Expansion of assets and capabilities of poor people yung mga tao.
§ Financially challenged are unaware so we have to empower o Importance of empowered community (step by step)
them that there are resources in which they can benefit from • Strengthen the community’s capacity to identify problems and
• Forms • Come up with solutions
§ Process – power with • Carry out plans
§ State – power within • Monitor the progress and make an appropriate evaluation
o Empowerment is an o Gandhi: The poor of the world cannot be helped by mass
outcome and a process production, only by production by the masses
• Knowledge is shared o Community Based Empowerment Guideline (WHO, 2010)
to other thru linkages • Self-advocacy and communication
so we empower them as • Political participation
well • People’s organization
• Authorities us position • Community mobilization
to empower other and • Self-help groups
come up solutions for o Advantages of Community Empowerment
problems • Active involvement = participation of all members
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 • Local strengths, creativity and resource, and actively seeks to
decrease dependency on = sustainability
• Equity in decision making process, resources mobilization
• Enhanced motivation
• Build the capacity of the community = encouraging the
acquisition of relevant skills
o Challenges for community participation
• Less room allowed for community participation
• Communities are often primarily motivated by their strong sense
of urgency about achieving their present objectives and
timeline
• Incomplete participation or representation in decision making
• Resistance to change
o Conclusion
• Community empowerment practitioners firstly need to ensure that
community members take ownership of the initiative
• Secondly, creating strong links to outside resources and
development partners as communities are not closed and self
sustaining systems
• Thirdly, for a successful community participation requires a
strong skilled local leadership
• Fourthly, optimal community leadership and optimal
representation

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