DESIGN OF SEWER SYSTEM

Design of Sewer System. Sewer system plays a vital role in the economic development of a country.
Sewers are must for the drainage of waste water. In order to have an effective sewage system the
sewers should be properly designed and more care should be taken in finding the invert levels
otherwise whole design may get wrong. Design of Sewer System. Sewers are designed for the
drainage of waste water coming from houses, industries, streets, runoff etc to protect the
environment and people from serious diseases, as more than 50 diseases spread from sewage. So for
a good living, the sewers should be properly designed and the sewage should be treated properly
before discharging it into the river. Design of Sewer System
Some of the important and relevant terms for sewer system are discussed below….

Sewage
It is Liquid Waste or Waste Water produce as a result of water use.Design of Sewer System
Sewer
It is the pipe or conduit for carrying sewage. It is generally closed and flow takes place undr gravity
(Atmospheric Pressure). Design of Sewer System
Sewerage
Sewerage is the system of collection of waste water and conveying it to a point of final disposal with
or without treatment. Design of Sewer System
Sources of waste water
Following are the principal sources of waste water
 Domestic
 Industrial
 Storm water
Domestic
It is the waste water from houses, offices, other buildings, hotels and institutions. Design of Sewer
System
Industrial
It is the liquid waste from the industrial places from their different industrial processes like dying,
paper matting, tanneries, chemical industries, etc. Design of Sewer System
Storm Water
It includes surface runoff generated from rainfall and the street wash. Design of Sewer System
Types of Sewer Systems
Design of Sewer System
Separate System
It is the system in which storm water is carried separately from domestic and industrial waste water.
This system is preferred when
 There is an immediate need for collection of sanitary sewage but not for storm waterof Sewer
System

Combined System
It is the type of system in which sewer carries both the sanitary and storm water. Combined system is
favored when

 Combined sewage can be disposed off without treatment

 Both sanitary and storm water need treatment
 Streets are narrow and two separate sewers can not be laid. Design of Sewer System

Types of Sewers Design of Sewer System

Sanitary Sewers
It carries sanitary sewage i.e. waste water from municipality including Domestic and Industrial
wastewaters. Design of Sewer System

Storm Sewer
It carries storm sewage including Surface Runoff and Street Wash. Design of Sewer System

Combined Sewer
It carries domestic, industrial and storm sewage. Design of Sewer System
House Sewer
It is the sewer conveying sewage from plumbing system of building to common/municipal sewers.

Lateral sewer
This sewer carries discharge from two or more house sewers. 
Design of Sewer System
Sub-Main Sewer
This sewer carries discharge from two or more laterals. D
esign of Sewer System
Main/ Trunk Sewer
It receives discharge from two or more sub-mains.

Outfall Sewer
It receives discharge from all collecting system and conveys it to the point of final disposal.

Sewage flow
It is flow derived from the sanitary and industrial sewage that is the raw water from these industries
and houses, so it means it has direct relation with the amount of water consumed.
Generally 80 to 90 % of the water consumption is taken as sewage or waste water flow. Design
Minimum (Self Cleansing) Velocity
Sewage should flow at all times with sufficient velocity to prevent the settlement of solid matter in the sewer.
Self Cleansing Velocity is the minimum velocity that ensures non settlement of suspended matter in the
sewer. Design of Sewer System
The following minimum velocities are generally employed

 Sanitary sewer = 0.6 m/sec

 Storm sewer = 1.0 m/sec
 Partially combined sewer = 0.7 m/sec
Maximum velocity
The maximum velocities in the sewer pipes should not exceed more than 2.4 m/sec. This max velocity in the
sewer should not exceed this limit of 2.4 m/sec. It is to avoid the excessive sewer abrasion and also to avoid
steep slopes. Design of Sewer System
Minimum Sewer Size
225mm is taken as the minimum sewer size. The reason being that, the choking does not take place even with
the bigger size particles, which are usually thrown into the sewer through manholes. Design of Sewer System
Minimum Cover of Sewer
1m is taken as the minimum cover over the sewers to avoid damage from live loads coming on the
sewer. Design of Sewer System
Spacing of Manhole (WASA, Criteria)
For (Sewer Size)    225mm to 380mm               spacing not more than 100m

For (Sewer Size)    460mm to 760mm               spacing not more than  120m

For (Sewer Size)    greater than 760mm            spacing not more than  150m

Direction of Sewer Line

Sewer should flow, as for as possible the Natural Slope. Design 
of Sewer System
Sewer System
Period of design is indefinite. The system is designed to take care for the maximum development of
the area. But we take design period of 20 years for our sewer system. Design of Sewer System
Sewer Pumping Station

 Design period is 10-years.

 Rate of Flow are average daily, peak and minimum flow including Infiltration.
Joints in Sewers

Bell & Spigot Joint

bell-and-spigot joint. A connection between two sections of pipe, the straight spigot end of one
section is inserted in the flared-out end of the adjoining section; the joint is sealed by a caulking
compound or with a compressible ring.

Tongue &Groove Joint

Mortar Tongue and Groove. For mortar joints, a layer of cement paste or mortar is placed in the lower
portion of the bell or groove of the installed pipe and on the upper portion of the tongue or spigot of
the pipe section to be installed.