FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCE

DIPLOMA IN FOOD TECHNOLOGY (AS 116)

AS116B

CHM131
EXPERIMENT3
DETERMINATION OF PERCENT COMPOSITION IN HYDRATE
COMPOUNDS.

PREPARED FOR:
MADAM SYALIZA ABD HAMMID

STUDENT’S NAME:
NUR SHAZIEYAH BINTI ZERHUNI

PREPARED BY:
NUR SHAZIEYAH BINTI ZERHUNI 2019421942
NUR SHAZWANA BINTI NAZRIE 2019293603
NUR NABILA SAFIA BINTI SHAHRULNIZAM 2019265182
NUR FARAHAIN AZIZAN 2019400342
NURUL SYAFIQAH BINTI ISKANDAR 2019224036

DATE PERFORMED:
20 SEPTEMBER 2019
OBJECTIVES
To observe the thermal decomposition of unknown hydrate and to calculate the mol
of water in barium chloride using percent composition concept and atomic mass.

INTRODUCTION
Several salts that occur naturally in nature or that can be purchased from your
local retailer are hydrated salts. A hydrated salt is a salt which has a number of
chemically bound water molecules attached to the salt within its crystalline
structure. These water molecules maybe referred to as the waters of crystallization
of water hydration.
In most situations the number of moles of water will remain fixed as function
of moles of salt present.Copper sulphate pentahydrate is a blue crystal, while
anhydrous salt,meaning without water.The mass percentage of water in a hydrate
can be determined by heating a know amount of a sample until complete
dehydration is accomplished.

CHEMICALS
6M HNO3, 1M HCL, Barium chloride hydrate(BaCl2xH2O),Compund A

APPARATUS
Crucible and lid,clay triangle,tripod stand,Bunsen burner,crucible tongs,white tile

METHOD
1. The crucible has been cleaned and checked if there is any stress cracks,fractures
on fissures before use.
2. The initial mass of crucible and lid is recorded.
3. The crucible is gently heated for two until three minutes with an intense flame
untill the bottom of crucible has becomes red.The crucible is allowed cool on
clay triangle before proceed to the experiment.
4. The mass of “fired” cool crucible and lid are determined.Step 2 is repeated until
the mass readings of two crucible and lid mass differ by no more 10mg or 0.10g.
5. 1.5 and 2.0grams of hydrated salt is added to crucible and the combined mass of
crucible,lid and salt is measured and recorded.
6. The crucible lid is placed with sample on clay triangle before experiment is
proceed.
7. The sample heated slowly and gradually by intensifying the heat.The sample
drastically heated at a high temperature for 10 minutes.The crucible lid is
covered once the heat is removed and allowed cool at room temperature in
decissators.The mass of the crucible,lid and anhydrous salt is recorded using
same balance as used in earlier steps.
8. The sample for additional 2minutes with medium or high water is reheated.The
combined mass of crucible,lid and anhydrous salt is weighed and the process is
repeated until concurrent reading within 10mg of each other were obtained.
9.The procedure is repeated and a new sample of original hydrated salt is applied.
RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS
A) Determination of percent water in barium chloride hydrate (BaCl2 X H2O)
Data table:
Mass of empty crucible g
Mass of crucible + hydrate before heating g
Mass of crucible + hydrate before heating g
(i)BaCl2 X H2O g
(ii)BaCl2 X H2O g
(iii)BaCl2 X H2O

Determine :
1. Mass of BaCl2 X H2O

2. Mass of barium chloride anhydrous

3. Mass of water in BaCl2 X H2O

4. Percent composition of of water in BaCl2 X H2O

5. Formula of barium chloride hydrate

B) Determination of water composition and molecular formula of Compound A

Data table:
Mass of empty crucible g
Mass of crucible + hydrate before heating g
Mass of crucible + hydrate before heating
(i) Compund A g
(ii) Compound A g
(iii) Compund A g

Determine :
1. Mass of Compound A

2. Mass of Compound A anhydrous

3. Mass of water in Compound A

4. Percent composition of of water in Compound A

5. Identify Compound A (compare your result to the nearest percent composition of

water in hydrates listed). Show all calculations.
QUESTIONS
1. Give the reason why empty crucible should be heated before starting the
experiment.
-To make sure that there is no moisture presence in crucible before heating process.

2. Why the process of heating hydrate compound should be started slowly first?
-To avoid water from salt to be dehydrate faster and so that the salt won’t be
burned.

3. What is the important of percent composition of water in the hydrate

compounds?
- To calculate the mol of water use in the composition.

4. Give comments on your result. Discuss from the accuracy aspect of your results
compared to the theory.
-The expected result of MgSO4.7H20 is (51.2%) but instead we get (50.77%).The
different is 0.43%.The difference of percentage may be occured from the condition
of crucible.

DISCUSSION
Based on experiment, we expected the mass of of empty crucible and mass of
an empty crucible before and after heating.Due to calculation of the percentage of
composition of water in BaCl2 X H2O,the expected result is(%) but instead of the
result we get is (%). For Compound A, the expected percentage of composition of
water is (51.2%) but unfortunately we get (50.77%).So, we identified that Compound
A as MgSO4.7H20.

CONCLUSION
Based on experiment,we learned how to calculate the mol of water in barium
chloride and how to identify unknown hydrate by using percent composition concept
and atomic mass.

REFERENCES
-
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_British_Columbia/CHEM_100%3A
_Foundations_of_Chemistry/06%3A_Chemical_Composition/6.7%3A_Mass_Percent
_Composition_from_a_Chemical_Formula
-
https://www.google.com/amp/s/malaysia.answers.yahoo.com/amp/qna/201106220
95353AArrMpH