CROSS SECTION : LEFT SUPPORT

SECTION RECTANGULAR BEAM : CAPACITY DESIGN CO

N.A. - HOGG
50 514.0 100 100
N.A.- SAGG
380 514.0 BOTM
330LAYER1 100 b (mm) = 230 clear cover to main Reinf.
BOTM LAYER 2
TOP LAYER1 1000
330 D (mm) = 900 (mm) =

50 175.7 100 1000 Span, L(m) = 12.00 vert. dist. betn bars in layers
380 175.7 100 100 fck (MPa) = 20 (mm) =

50 890.76 LEFT SUPPORT

380 890.76 3 0 bar dia (mm) REINF. PROVIDED, BOTTOM

1 965 135.0 965.0 135.0 nos in layer 1 nos in layer2

2 965 215.0 965.0 135.0 12 0 0
3 965 295.0 965.0 135.0 16 0 0
4 965 295.0 965.0 135.0 20 0 0
5 965 295.0 965.0 135.0 25 3 0
6 965 295.0 965.0 135.0 Area (mm2)= 1473 0
8 965 295.0 965.0 135.0 As (mm2) = 1473 Ast < Ast,lim
9 965 295.0 965.0 135.0 Space betn.
53 -
10 965 295.0 965.0 135.0 Bars (mm) =

3 3 CAPCITY DESIGN FOR LEFT

1 135.0 135.0 170.0 135.0 SHEAR SUPPORT

Vu (kN), as per Analysis = 240.00

Vu,c = 1.2*(DL+IL), (kN) = 192.00
2 135.0 215.0 170.0 215.0 Mu,capacity SAGGING = 432.00
3 135.0 295.0 170.0 295.0 (kN.m) = HOGGING = 549.11
4 135.0 295.0 170.0 295.0 Capacity Vu1 = 77.54
Design for
5 135.0 295.0 170.0 295.0 Shear Vu2 = 306.46
6 135.0 295.0 170.0 295.0 Design SF, Vu (kN) = 306.46
7 135.0 295.0 170.0 295.0 Stirrup, Bar Dia. (mm) = 8 2
8 135.0 295.0 170.0 295.0 No. of Legs = 2 1

9 135.0 295.0 170.0 295.0 Spacing of Stirrup, (mm) = 160

2 6 LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE LEFT SUPPORT

4 8 IN FLEXURE Sagging, Mu
6 10 Eff.Cover:Comp, d'c (mm) = 52.5
8 12 Eff. Cover:Tension, d't(mm) = 37.5
10 Eff. Depth, d (mm) = 862.5
 xu,max (mm) = 414.00
Mu,lim (kN.m) = 473.26
Ast,lim (mm2) = 1899
Ast,min (mm2) = 535
Ast,max (mm2) = 5175
xu (mm) = 75.73
C1 (kN) = 125.4
a1 (mm) = 831.0
Eps,s = 0.00107
fs (MPa) = 214.7
C2 (kN) = 404.68
a2 (mm) = 810.0
C1+C2 (kN) = 530.09
TENSION , T (kN) = 531.69
Mu (kN.m) = 432.00
 BEAM NO.
M : CAPACITY DESIGN CONCEPT FOR SHEAR REINF. IS 13920
B1

lear cover to main Reinf. Bottom 25 fy (MPa) = 415

(mm) = Top 25 EFF. COVER LEFT SUPP RIGHT SUPP

rt. dist. betn bars in layers Bottom 15 Botom,d'(mm) = 37.5 37.5

(mm) = Top 15 Top, d' (mm) = 52.5 52.5

LEFT SUPPORT RIGHT SUPPORT

REINF. PROVIDED, TOP REINF. PROVIDED, BOTTOM REINF. PROVIDED, TOP
nos in layer 1 nos in layer2 nos in layer 1 nos in layer2 nos in layer 1 nos in layer2
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
3 3 0 0 3 3
0 0 3 0 0 0
942 942 1473 0 942 942
1885 Ast > Ast,lim 1473 Ast < Ast,lim 1885 Ast > Ast,lim

60 60 53 - 60 60

RIGHT LEFT RIGHT

LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE IN SHEAR
SUPPORT SUPPORT SUPPORT

270.00 Area of Tension Steel (mm2) = 1885 1885

216.00 pt (%) = 0.97 0.97
432.00 Tc (MPa) = 0.615 0.615
549.11 Tv (MPa) = 1.572 1.695
330.46 Tc,max (MPa) = 2.80 2.80
101.54 1. Sv= 0.87*fy*Asv/(Tv-Tc)/b, (mm) = 165 146
330.46 2. Sv = (0.87*fy*Asv/0.4/b (mm) = 395 395
8 2 3. Sv,max , 8*smallest longi. Bar dia = 160 160
2 1 4. Sv,max= 0.25 d, (mm) = 212 212

146 VERIFY NEED FOR SIDE FACE REINF.

LEFT SUPPORT RIGHT SUPPORT EVALUATION VERSION

Hogging, Mu Sagging, Mu Hogging, Mu VALID UPTO -
37.5 52.5 37.5
52.5 37.5 52.5 REBAR CALCULATOR
847.5 862.5 847.5 bar dia (mm) nos.
406.80 414.00 406.80 12 0
456.94 473.26 456.94 16 2
1866 1899 1866 20 0
535 535 535 25 0
5175 5175 5175 32 0
109.24 75.73 109.24
180.9 125.4 180.9
802.1 831.0 802.1
0.00230 0.00107 0.00230
338.7 214.7 338.7
498.79 404.68 498.79
810.0 810.0 810.0
679.69 530.09 679.69
680.56 531.69 680.56
549.11 432.00 549.11
 CROSS SECTION : RIGHT SUPPORT

SECTION
N.A.-HOG
100 100
N.A.-SAG
BOTM330
LAYER1 100
BOTM LAYER 2
330
TOP LAYER1 1000
50 175.7 100 1000
380 175.7 100 100

50 890.8
380 890.8 3 0
1.0 965.0 135.0 965.0 135.0
2.0 965.0 215.0 965.0 135.0
3.0 965.0 295.0 965.0 135.0
4.0 965.0 295.0 965.0 135.0
5.0 965.0 295.0 965.0 135.0
6.0 965.0 295.0 965.0 135.0
8.0 965.0 295.0 965.0 135.0
9.0 965.0 295.0 965.0 135.0
10.0 965.0 295.0 965.0 135.0

3 3
1.0 135.0 135.0 170.0 135.0

2.0 135.0 215.0 170.0 215.0

3.0 135.0 295.0 170.0 295.0
4.0 135.0 295.0 170.0 295.0
5.0 135.0 295.0 170.0 295.0
6.0 135.0 295.0 170.0 295.0
7.0 135.0 295.0 170.0 295.0
8.0 135.0 295.0 170.0 295.0

9.0 135.0 295.0 170.0 295.0

 RECTANGULAR BEAM DESIGN :
B1
fy (MPa) = RECT. BEAM : CAPACITY IN FLEX
LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE IN
OF COLLAPSE :
FLEXURE & SHEAR : IS 456
500
b (mm) = 600 Effective Cover (mm) b (mm) =
D (mm) = 600 Comp.Steel, d'c Tension Steel, d't D (mm) =
fck (MPa) = 20 35 35 fck (MPa) =
DESIGN FOR FLEXURE Area of Steel, (mm2) fy (MPa) =

Factored B.M., Mu Tension, Ast = Comp, Asc =

1150 bar dia (mm)
(kN.m) = 5935 3303
DESIGN FOR SHEAR 32
Factored SF at Critical Section, Vu,c (kN) = 33 20
Ast' at Critical Section for SF (mm2) = 305 16

Eff. Cover : Tension Stirrup Dia.(mm) = 8 20

Steel, (mm) =
40
No. of Legs = 2 As, (mm2) =
Design Spacing of Stirrups, Sv (mm) = 182 Max.dia (mm) =
FACTORED SHEAR CAPACITY FOR MIN. SHEAR STIRRUPS Ast (mm2) =
Ast' for minimum Shear Reinf. Region (mm2) = 301 Space betn. Bars
Stirrup Dia.(mm) = 8 (mm) =
Eff. Cover : Tension
Steel, (mm) =
40
No. of Legs = 2 FACTO
Stirrups Spacing for Minimum Shear Reinf (mm) = 182 Asc for Xu=Xu,lim
Provide Spacing (mm) = 190 4264
SHEAR CAPACITY, Vu for Min. shear reinf. (kN) = 184
CALCULATIONS FOR LIMIT STAT
DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR FLEXURE Eff. Depth, d (mm) =
Eff. Depth, d (mm) = 565 Ast,lim (mm2) = 3245 xu,max (mm) =
xu,max (mm) = 271.20 Ast,min (mm2) = 738 Mu,lim (kN.m) =
Mu,lim (kN.m) = 529.79 Ast,max(mm2) = 14400
Eps,s = 0.00305 fs (MPa) = 354.32
k =Mu / b/d2 = 6.00 Ast1 = 3245
Asc = 3303 Ast2 = 2690

DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR FOR DESIGN FOR MINIMUM STRESS-STRAIN CURVE

SHEAR SHEAR SHEAR REINF.
Tv (MPa) = 0.098 -
Tc,max (MPa) = 2.80 -
pt (%) = 0.09 0.09
 Tc (MPa) = 0.229 0.228 TENSION , T (kN
1.Sv= 0.87*fy*Asv/(Tv-Tc)/b, (mm) = 182 -
2. Sv = (0.87*fy*Asv/0.4/b (mm) = 182 182
3. Sv,max , 300mm = 300 300 EVALUATION VERSION
4. Sv,max= 0.75 d, (mm) = 420 420 VALID UPTO
 B1
BEAM : CAPACITY IN FLEXURE FOR LIMIT STATE 100 700 700 100 100 Column M
100
N.A.(Xu) 100 LAYER1
OF COLLAPSE : IS 456 LAYER 2 COMP STEEL
700 100
600 clear cover to main 700 700
25
600 Reinf.(mm) = 100 700
20 vert. dist. betn bars 100 100
25
415 in layers (mm) =

REINF. PROVIDED, TENSION REINF. 50 356.2

PROVIDED,
nos in layer 1 nos in layer2 COMPRESSION 750 356.2
5 4 5
0 0 0 50 356.2
0 0 0 750 356.2
0 0 0
4021 3217 4021
32 32 32
7238.2 Ast > Ast,lim

98 141 98

FACTORED BM, Mu(kN.m) = 1172.72

Eff. Cover : Tension Reinf, d't (mm) = 66.3
Eff. Cover : Comp.Reinf, d'c (mm) = 41.0

LATIONS FOR LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE IN FLEXURE

533.7 Ast,lim (mm2) = 3065
256.16 Ast,min (mm2) = 738
472.65 Ast,max (mm2) = 14400
RESULT& LEARN, ITERATE
CALCULATIONS YOURSELF

xu (mm) = 256.16 121.1

C1 (kN) = 1106.61 523.02
a1 (mm) = 427.1 483.3
Eps,s = 0.00294 0.00231
fs (MPa) = 353.37 339.3
C2 (kN) = 1421.00 1364.41
a2 (mm) = 492.7 492.7
C1+C2 (kN) = 2527.61 1887.43
 TENSION , T (kN) = 2613.37 2613.37
Mu (kN.m) = 1172.72 924.98

EVALUATION VERSION REBAR CALCULATOR

- bar dia (mm) nos.
12 0
16 0
20 0
25 0
32 0
As, cal (mm2) = 2061
100 Column M
LAYER1 5 4 5
COMP STEEL
1 665 135.0 625.0 135.0 135.0 135.0
2 665 267.5 625.0 311.7 135.0 267.5
3 665 400.0 625.0 488.3 135.0 400.0
4 665 532.5 625.0 665.0 135.0 532.5
5 665 665.0 625.0 665.0 135.0 665.0
6 665 665.0 625.0 665.0 135.0 665.0
7 665 665.0 625.0 665.0 135.0 665.0
8 665 665.0 625.0 665.0 135.0 665.0
9 665 665.0 625.0 665.0 135.0 665.0
10 665 665.0 625.0 665.0 135.0 665.0
DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAM B1 DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR FLEX
fy (MPa) =
SUBJECTED TO COMBINED A : Mt + Mu
FLEXURE, TORSION AND SHEAR 415 Mt + Mu (kN.m) =
b (mm) = 350 Effective Cover (mm) d (mm) =
D (mm) = 700 Comp.Steel, d'c Tension Steel, d't d' (mm) =
fck (MPa) = 25 35 50 Mulim (kN.m) =
Factored Internal forces : REINF. FOR FLEXURE + TORSION Ast,lim (mm2) =
Negative sign for Hogging B.M. Bottom reinf. Ast,min (mm2) =
(mm2) =
2915
Mu (kN.m) = 500 xu,max (mm) =
Vu (kN) = 500 Top Reinf. Eps,s =
(mm2) =
196
Tu (kN.m) = 30 fs (MPa) =
k (Mu/b/d2) =
DESIGN FOR SHEAR Ast1 (mm2) =
Main Bar Dia(mm) = Clear Cover to Main Bar (mm) = Ast2 (mm2) =
25 33 BOTTOM STEEL, Ast
Stirrup Dia.(mm) = 8 (mm2) =
Design Spacing
of stirrups(mm) =
99
No. of Legs = 4 TOP STEEL, Asc
(mm2) =

CHECK NEED FOR TORSION DESIGN

beta = 2.50 Tc,max (MPa) = 3.10 DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR SHE
pt (%) = 1.16 Ve (kN) = 637.14 beta =
Tc (MPa) = 0.68 Tve (MPa) = 2.80 pt (%) =
CONSIDER TORSION IN DESIGN FOR FLEXURE & SHEAR Tc (MPa) =
DESIGN CRITERIA :
REBAR CALCULATOR 1. = 0.87*fy*Asv*d1/(Tu/b1+Vu
bar dia (mm) nos. 2. = (0.87*fy*Asv/(Tve-T
12 0 3. = (0.87*fy*Asv/0.
16 0 4.
20 17 5.
25 0 6. = (X1+Y
32 0 7. = 0
As, cal (mm2) = 5341
EVALUATION VERSION
VALID UPTO

DESIGN CALCULATIONS FOR FLEXURE WITHOUT TORSION

Mu + Mt (kN.m) = 500.00 Mulim (kN.m) = 510.17
d (mm) = 650 Ast,lim (mm2) = 2722
 d' (mm) = 35 Ast,min (mm2) = 502
xu,max (mm) = 312.00 Ast,max(mm2) = 9800
Eps,s = 0.0031 fs (MPa) = 354.84
k (Mu/b/d2) = 3.38 BOTTOM STEEL,
Ast (mm2) =
2640
Ast1 (mm2) = 2640
Ast2 (mm2) = 0 TOP STEEL, Asc
(mm2) =
0
Asc (mm2) = 0
CALCULATIONS FOR FLEXURE WITH TORSION
A : Mt + Mu B : Mt - Mu
552.94 Mt - Mu (kN.m) = 0.00
650 d (mm) = 665
35 d' (mm) = 50
510.17 Mulim (kN.m) = 533.99
2722 Ast,lim (mm2) = 2785
502 Ast,min (mm2) = 502
312.00 xu,max (mm) = 319.20
0.0031 Eps,s = 0.0030
354.84 fs (MPa) = 353.48
3.74 k (Mu/b/d2) = 0.00
2722 Ast1 (mm2) = 0
193 Ast2 (mm2) = 0
TOP STEEL, Ast (mm2)
2915 = 0

BOTTOM STEEL, Asc

196 (mm2) = 0

CALCULATIONS FOR SHEAR WITH TORSION

2.27
Tve (MPa) = 2.80
1.28
0.70 Tc,max (MPa) = 3.1
DESIGN CRITERIA : IS 456 - 2000
0.87*fy*Asv*d1/(Tu/b1+Vu/2.5) = 140
2. = (0.87*fy*Asv/(Tve-Tc)/b = 99
3. = (0.87*fy*Asv/0.4/b = 519
4. = 300 300
5. = X1 300
6. = (X1+Y1) / 4 255
7. = 0.75 d 488

VALUATION VERSION
-
 B1 CALCULAT
DEFLECTION CALCULATION FOR RECT. RCC BEAMS Eff. Depth, d(mm
pt (%
b (mm) = 450 Effective Cover (mm) pc (%
D (mm) = 600 Comp.Steel, d'c Tension Steel, d't fcr (MP
fck (MPa) = 20 35 35 Ig (mm
S.S. Span, le (m) = 11 Area of Steel, (mm2) Mr (kN.m

SHORT TERM DEFn.

Unfactored BM, M (kN.m) = 600 Comp, Asc = Tension, Ast =
Total UDL, w(kN/m) = 60
3216 5628

PARAMETERS
Per.UDL, wp(kN/m) = 0
Creep Coeff, θ = 1.6 fy (MPa) = 500

RESULTS:
δ,short term (mm) = 60.6 δ,Shrinkage(mm) = 3.5
δ,long term (mm) = 3.5 δ,creep (mm) = 0.0
δ,Total (mm) = 64.0 EVALUATION VERSION
Initial -ve, δ,ini (mm) = -20.1 VALID UPTO 7/1/2010

LONG TERM DEFn.

δ,Net total (mm) = 43.9 δ,allowable (mm) = 44.0

PARAMETERS
CODE CHECK (PERMISSIBLE) CALCULATED CONCL :
Long Term Deflection, (Max: 20mm) = 3.5 O.K.
Span / Long term defn. (Min. 350) = 3168.3 O.K.
Span / Net Total defn. ( Min. 250 ) = 250.6 O.K. with -ve delta
CALCULATIONS
Eff. Depth, d(mm) = 565
pt (%) = 2.21
pc (%) = 1.26
fcr (MPa) = 3.1
Ig (mm4) = 8.10E+09
Mr (kN.m) = 84.52
Ec (MPa) = 22361
m= 8.9
N.A., x (mm) = 229.9
Ir = 8.45E+09
Ieff = 7.49E+09
Ieff, use = 8.45E+09
k4= 0.46
Ecc (MPa) = 8600
m,c = 23.3
N.A., x,c (mm) = 286.4
Ir,c = 1.82E+10
Ieff,c = 1.59E+10
Ieff,cuse = 8.10E+09
ai,cc(per) = 0.00
ai(per) = 0.00
 STRESS - STRAIN CURVE FOR HYSD STEEL (Fe 415)

fy (MPa) = 415
FACTORED STRESS STRAIN C

fya (MPa) =
(fy / 1.15)
360.87

400.00
For fs' <= 0.8fy/1.15, es = fs / 2E5
For fs' > 0.8fy/1.15, interpolate 'es' from Table
350.00 1
elastic plastic
STRESS ( from stress, fs Total
IS fig. 23A)
strain strain (from
(MPa) IS-fig 23A) Strain, es
( fs / 2E5 )
300.00
0.8fy/1.15 288.70 0.001443 0.0000 0.0014435
0.85fy/1.15 306.74 0.001534 0.0001 0.0016337
0.90fy/1.15 326.59 0.001633 0.0003 0.0019329

fs (MPa)
250.00
0.95 fy/1.15 342.83 0.001714 0.0007 0.0024141
0.975 fy/1.15 351.85 0.001759 0.0010 0.0027592
fy/1.15 360.87 0.001804 0.0020 0.0038043
200.00

STRESS - STRAIN TABLE STRESS - STRAIN

es fs (MPa) CALCULATOR,
0.00000 0.00 (ANALYSIS) 150.00
0.00025 50.00 es fs
0.00050 100.00 BEAM ANA 0.00294 353.4
0.00075 150.00 USER 0.00250 345.1 100.00
0.00100 200.00
0.00144 288.70
0.00163 306.74 50.00
0.00193 326.59
0.00241 342.83
0.00276 351.85
0.00
0.00380 360.87 0.00000 0.00100 0.00200 0.00300 0.
0.00500 360.87 es
0.00600 360.87

0.0014435 288.70
0.0038043 360.87
 ANALYSIS
ED STRESS STRAIN CURVE FOR HYSD STEEL

100 0.00200 0.00300 0.00400 0.00500 0.00600 0.00700

es
1. GENERAL :
The design of reinforcement for Limit State of Collapse in Flexure and Shear for Rectangular Beam Section is
carried out as per IS-456. Check for Minimum and Maximum Reinforcement criteria is considered for Flexure as
per the Code. Check for minimum shear reinforcement, maximum spacing of shear reinforcement is done as per
the Code.
2. Rectangular Beam Design for Flexure as per IS 456 :
* The Input data for the Beam design for Flexure :
Factored BM (Mu), Beam Dimensions and Effective Cover for Tension and Compression Steel, Grade
of Concrete fck

* Clear cover for the beam would be as per Table16 for Durability criteria and as per Table 16A for Fire
resistance criteria. In mild exposure condition for a fire resistance of 0.5 hour, 20mm cover is provided
for stirrups. Based on this eff. cover would be calculated by designer based on no. of layers in which steel
would be provided. To start with 40 to 50mm cover may adopted and corrected on finding the actual
disposition of bars in next iteration by the designer.

* For given BM, Mu < Mu,lim, the section is singly reinforced beam and only Tension steel is calculated,
comp. steel would be zero. Minimum area of tension steel Ast,min (mm2) = 0.205 % of the gross area of
section. If Ast, calculated < Ast,min, Ast,min is reported. For Mu > Mu,lim both tension and comp. steel
are calculated. The Maximimum Tension Steel is 4 % of the gross area of section. If Ast,calculated >
Ast,max, A message to "REV DEPTH" appers in the cell.

* Based on the area of steel required 'Ast', use Rebar calculator to to determine size and number of bars
required. Recalculate the effective cover based on the rebar arrangement, with input of revised cover
recalculate design steel required. The spacing < 180mm as per Cl.26.3.3. for zero % redistribution of
moment with Fe 415 steel.
3. Rectangular Beam Design for Shear as per IS 456 :
* The Input data for the Beam design for Shear :
Factored Shear Force at Critical Section (Vu), Effective Cover for Tension Steel, Grade of Steel for
Strrups, No. of Legs and dia. Of Strrups
* The spacing of stirrups would be calculated using Cl. 40.4, along with minimum shear reinforcement
and max. spacing criteria as per Cl. 26.5.1.6. The designer should see thatclosest spacing should be
approximately 100mm for ease of concreting, as far as possible.
3. Design Shear Force for Minimum Shear Reinforcement:

* It will calculate the magnitude of factored shear force which will be safely carried by minimum shear
reinforcement. Hence the segment of beam can be identified by the designer from the Shear Force
envelope obtained from the analysis results, for which minimum shear reinforcement would suffice.
* The Input data for the Beam design for Shear :
* The Input data : Area of Tension Steel at Critical Section, Effective Cover for Tension Steel, Grade of
Steel for Strrups, No. of Legs and dia. Of Strrups
4. DESIGN PROCESS :
Give Input Data in white space, with red font. See the Instructions on the BM-DSN worksheet.

5. DISCLAIMER
* TO BE USED BY QUALIFIED STRUCTURAL ENGINEER FOR DESIGN AS PER OF IS - 456. CHECK BEFORE USE.
* NO LIABILITY OF DEVELOPER OF ANY TYPE UNTILL A LICENCE AGREEMENT IS SIGNED BETWEEN USER AND
DEVELOPER, AND THAT THE USER IS FORMALLY TRAINED FOR USE OF THIS SPREAD SHEET, INCL. ITS ADVANTAGES
AND ITS LIMITATIONS.

K. N. Sheth, Civil Engg. Dept., D.D. University, Nadiad - 387001

Email : knsheth123@gmail.com , kn_sheth@yahoo.com
 FLOW CHART FOR DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR BEAMS FOR

INPUT DATA : b, D. fck,

fy=415, Eff. Cover for comp.
(d'c) & Tension (d't) Steel.
etc.

Calculate Eff. Depth (d)

Xu,max = 0.48 * d
Mu,lim = 0.36*fck*b*Xu,max*(d-0.416*Xu,max)
= 0.1382*fck*b*d^2
Ast,lim = 0.36*fck*b*Xu,max/(0.87*fy)
= 0.0479 * fck*b*d/100
Ast,max = 0.04 *b * D / 100
Ast,min = 0.205 * b *D / 100

YES NO
Mu < Mu,lim

Find Xu from: ( Mu =C1*a1) Xu=Xu,max

Mu = 0.36*fck*b*Xu*(d-0.416*Xu)
Find Ast from C1 = T
0.36*fck*b*Xu = 0.87*fy*Ast

Or find
pt = 50*fck* [ 1 - sqrt(1-4.6*k/fck)]/fy
where k = Mu/(b.d^2) Revise Section
And / Steel area
Ast = pt b d / 100

YES
Ast < Ast,min Ast = Ast,min

NO

Provide Ast
CTANGULAR BEAMS FOR FLEXURE : IS 456-2000

Mu2 = Mu -Mu,lim
find Esc = 0.0035*(Xu,max-d'c) / Xu,max
Obtain 'fsc' from Stress Strain Curve,
Xu=Xu,max Find Asc from, Mu2 = fsc * Asc * (d-d'c)
Ast1 = Ast,lim
Find Ast2 from C2=T2
0.87*fy*Ast2 = fsc*Asc
Ast = Ast1 +Ast2

Revise Section Ast>Ast,max

/ Steel area
YES

NO

Provide Ast
 FLOW CHART FOR CAPACITY CALCULATION OF RECTANGULAR BEAMS : IS 456-2000

Nomenclature : INPUT DATA : b, D. fck,

fy=415, Reinf. Detail, Clear
fck = Characteristic Conc. Strength (MPa) Cover(Cc), Vert. Clear
Dist. (Cv)
fy = Characteristic Strength of Reinf. Bars (MPa)

Xu = distance of N.A. from Extreme Comp. fibre. (mm)

Mu = Moment of Resistance of section (kN.m) Calculate Eff. Cover (d't & d'c), Eff. Depth (d)
Xu,max = 0.48 * d
C1 = Comp. Force induced in Concrete (kN) Mu,lim = 0.36*fck*b*Xu,max*(d-0.416*Xu,max)/1000000
a1 = Lever Arm for C1 (mm) = 0.1382*fck*b*d^2/1000000
Ast,lim = 0.36*fck*b*Xu,max/(0.87*fy)
Eps = Strain in Conc at the level of Comp. Steel
= 0.0479 * fck*b*d/100
fsc = Factored Stress in Comp. steel (MPa) Ast,max = 0.04 *b * D / 100
C2 = comp. Force induced in Comp. Steel (kN) Ast,min = 0.205 * b *D / 100
a2 = Lever arm for C2 (mm) b = Width of Beam (mm)
T = Tension Induced in tension Steel (kN) D = Over all Beam Depth (mm)
d'c = Eff. Cover to Comp. Reinf. (mm)
Xu, max = Critical(Max.) Value of Xu (mm) d't = Eff. Cover to Tension reinf. (mm)
Mu,lim = MR for Xu = Xu,max due to C1 only (kN.m) d = Eff. Depth of Beam (mm)
Ast,max = Max. Area of tension steel (mm2) Ast = area of Tension steel provided (mm2)
Ast < Ast,max NO
Ast,min = Minimum Area of Tension steel (mm2) Revise Section Asc = Area of Comr. Steel Provided (mm2)
OR
Ast,lim = Area of tension steel for Xu=Xu,max (Critical case)(mm2) / Steel area
Ast > Ast,min
Mu2 = MR due to Comp. steel (kN.m)

YES
For Xu=Xu,max
NO find Esc = 0.0035*(Xu,max-d'c) / Xu,max
YES
YES NO
Ast < Ast,lim Obtain 'fsc' from Stress Strain Curve, C>T
C = C1+C2 = (0.36*fck*b*Xu + fsc*Asc)*1000
T = 0.87*fy*Ast

NO YES
YES
Asc > 0 YES

Xu=Xu,max
Iterate for Xu < Xu,max so that C = T
Find Xu from:( C1 = T) Solve Solve
by iteration,
by iteration,
assume
assume
Xu, Xu,
i.e. assume Xu,
0.36*fck*b*Xu+fsc*Asc find=Esc
find Esc = 0.0035*(Xu-d'c)
0.0035*(Xu-d'c) / Xu / Xu
find Esc = 0.0035*(Xu-d'c)/Xu
= 0.87*fy*Ast ObtainObtain
'fsc' from
'fsc' from
Stress
Stress
Strain
Strain
Curve,
Curve,
Obtain 'fsc' from Stress Strain Curve,
ObtainObtain
Xu from Xu from
( C1+( C2
C1+= C2
T) = T)
Obtain Xu from ( C1+C2 = T)
0.36*fck*b*Xu
0.36*fck*b*Xu + fsc*Asc
+ fsc*Asc = 0.87*fy*Ast
= 0.87*fy*Ast
0.36*fck*b*Xu + fsc*Asc = 0.87*fy*Ast
IterateIterate
till Xu,assumed
till Xu,assumed= Xu,obtained(approx.)
= Xu,obtained(approx.)
Iterate till assumed and obtained Xu, approx. same.

Mu = Mu,lim + Mu2
Find Mu =(C1*a1+C2*a2) Mu,lim = {0.36*fck*b*Xu,max*(d -
Find Mu = C1*a1 Find Mu =(C1*a1+C2*a2) Mu = {0.36*fck*b*Xu*(d-0.416*Xu) 0.416*Xu,max)}*10^6
Mu = 0.36*fck*b*Xu*(d-0.416*Xu)*10^6 Mu = {0.36*fck*b*Xu*(d-0.416*Xu) + fsc*Asc*(d-d'c)}*10^6 find Esc = 0.0035*(Xu,max-d'c)/Xu
+ fsc*Asc*(d-d'c)}*10^6 Obtain 'fsc' from Stress Strain Curve,
2. Asc >0 (C1*a1+C2*a2) Mu2 = {fsc * Asc * (d-d'c)}*10^6
Mu = 0.36*fck*b*Xu*(d-0.416*Xu) + fsc*Asc*(d-
d'c)