Chemistry 30: Module 3: Lesson 3 1 Assignment Booklet

B2: MODULE 3: LESSON 3 ASSIGNMENT CHEM 30

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Assignment Booklet.

(?/44 Marks)
Lesson 3 Assignment: Half-Reactions
Lab—Testing Predictions for Redox Reactions

Pre-Lab

1. Use your knowledge of redox reactions to predict which of the combinations of reactants
below will result in a spontaneous reaction. Support your prediction by showing a net ionic
equation and describing one observation of reaction you would expect from each
spontaneous reaction. (21 marks)

System Reactant 1 Reactant 2

1 HCl(aq) Cu(s)
2 HCl(aq) Mg(s)
3 Cu(NO3)2(aq) Sn(s)
4 NaOH(aq) I2(aq)
5 Cu(NO3)2(aq) Mg(s)

Answer:

System 1: non-spontaneous

System 2: spontaneous
SOA: H⁺(aq)
SRA: Mg(s)
Oxidation: Mg(s) ⇋ 2e⁻ + Mg²⁺(aq)
Reduction: 2H⁺(aq)+ 2e⁻ ⇋ H2(s)
Net Equation: 2H⁺(aq)+ Mg(s)⇋ H2(s)+ Mg²⁺(aq)
Reaction: Gas Exchange (bubbles forming)

System 3: spontaneous
SOA: NO3⁻(aq), H⁺(aq)
SRA: Sn(s)
Oxidation: Sn(s)⇋ 2e⁻+ Sn²⁺(s)
Reduction: 2NO3⁻(aq) + 4H⁺(aq) + 2e⁻⇋ N2O4(g) + 2H2O(l)
Net Equation: Sn(s)+ 2NO3⁻(aq) + 4H⁺(aq)⇋Sn²⁺(s)+N2O4(g) + 2H2O(l)
Chemistry 30: Module 3: Lesson 3 2 Assignment Booklet

Reaction: colour change

System 4: spontaneous
SOA: I2(s)
SRA: OH⁻(aq)
Oxidation: 4OH⁻(aq)⇋ 4e⁻+ O2(g)+2H2O(l)
Reduction: 2I2(s) + 4e⁻⇋ 4I⁻(aq)
Net Equation: 4OH⁻(aq)+ 2I2(s)⇋ 4I⁻(aq)+ O2(g)+2H2O(l)
Reaction: Gas Exchange (bubbles forming)

System 5: spontaneous
SOA: NO3⁻(aq), H⁺(aq)
SRA: Mg(s)
Oxidation: Mg(s) ⇋ 2e⁻ + Mg²⁺(aq)
Reduction: 2NO3⁻(aq) + 4H⁺(aq) + 2e⁻⇋ N2O4(g) + 2H2O(l)
Net Equation: Mg(s)+ 2NO3⁻(aq) + 4H⁺(aq)⇋ Mg²⁺(aq)+N2O4(g) + 2H2O(l)
Reaction: solid precipitate forms

2. Design an experiment to test the predictions you made in question 1. Make sure you
consider safety aspects when suggesting how these substances should be manipulated
and how waste from the reactions should be disposed of. Include a description of how
to perform any diagnostic tests that may be required. (4 marks)

Answer:

One could place the two substances in an area in which they would have minimal contact
with other substances while still being able to easily react. One may conduct the
experiment on a glass dish, allowing it to react on a flatter surface, with less contact with
other substances. If dealing with a liquid one may use a dropper to carefully extract it and
to deposit it into the glass dish. When doing so, one should be taking precautions such as
wearing a lab coat, protective eyewear, gloves, closed-toe shoes and having their hair tied
up if necessary. One should also be aware that they are working with glass which is a
fragile material. In order to see if there is a reaction, one should try to notice changes
such as bubbles (meaning gas release), colour change (signifying ion production), etc.
After finishing the experiment, there should be waste buckets that may be used to
dispose of waste materials from the experiment. This can then be handled by adults and
sent to the proper facilities to rid them safely.

Virtual Investigation

3. Record your observations from the virtual investigation for this lab. (15 marks: 3 marks
per system; 1 for “before” observations, 2 for “after” observations)

HCl(aq) Cu(s)
Chemistry 30: Module 3: Lesson 3 3 Assignment Booklet

Observation
clear liquid solid, rosy colour
1 s of
Reactants
Observation
s After
no proof of reaction occurred
Reactants
Combined
HCl(aq) Mg(s)
Observation
s of clear liquid solid silver coloured strip
2 Reactants
Observation
s After
reaction occurred, bubbling (gas released)
Reactants
Combined
Cu(NO3)2(aq) Sn(s)
Observation
s of clear liquid, with a blue tint shiny silver coloured strip
3 Reactants
Observation
s After
Reactants no proof of reaction occurred
Combined
NaOH(aq) I2(aq)
Observation
s of clear liquid yellow substance
4 Reactants
Observation
s After
Reactants reaction occurred: colour change (yellow and clear to clear)
Combined
Cu(NO3)2(aq) Mg(s)
Observation
s of clear with blue tint solid silver coloured strip
5 Reactants
Observation
s After
Reactants reaction occurred: bubbles formed (gas release), precipitate
Combined formed

Analysis

4. Is the method you used to make predictions for the outcome of redox reactions valid?
Make specific reference to your predictions and the observed results to support your
answer. (4 marks)

Answer:

The method used was valid for the most part. When comparing the systems that were
predicted as being spontaneous, they were proven correct as those systems all showed
signs of reactions such as bubbles forming, colour change and precipitate formation. For
example, with system 2, the predicted redox equation showed that it was spontaneous,
Chemistry 30: Module 3: Lesson 3 4 Assignment Booklet

meaning that a reaction would be visible. When conducting the experiment, one can see
that chemical changes have occurred that were visible to the eye, being the formation of
bubbles, meaning that it must be spontaneous otherwise, no reaction would have
occurred. One can also see that the equations predicted as being non-spontaneous had
worked as well. In system 1, the predicted redox equation showed that it was non-
spontaneous, meaning that a reaction would not be visible. When conducting the
experiment, one can see that no chemical changes have occurred, showing that the
reaction was non spontaneous. One of the reactions that did not line up happened to be
system 3 where it was predicted that the reaction would be spontaneous but no reaction
had occurred, which could be due to other substances that may have contaminated it prior
to the experiment.

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