REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Detergent

Containing surfactant and other ingredient to clean fabrics in the wash,

laundry detergent had the following ingredients; surfactants (30%-70%),

plasticizers (20%-50%), lather enhancers (0%-5%), fillers and binders (5%-

30%), fragrance (0%-0.3%), opacifying agents (0%-0.3%) and dyes and

pigments (<1%) the percent by the total mass of detergent (Wolf, 1996). One

of the types of laundry detergents are the surfactant detergents. The

surfactant detergents are used to enhance the dispersing, wetting, foaming,

and emulsifying properties of detergents. The surfactants used in heavy duty

detergents are mainly anionic ones such as linear, alkyl sulfates, alkylbezene

sulfonates, alkyl polyethoxyethylene sulfates and etc. (Bajpai and Tyagi,

2007).

Surfactant

The surfactants or surface active agents play an important role as

cleaning, dispersing, wetting, emulsifying, foaming agent in many practical

applications and products, including: emulsions adhesives, paints, biocides

(sanitizers), inks, shampoos, firefighting, toothpastes, detergents, foams,

insecticides, ski waxes, deinking of recycled papers, spermicides (nonoxynol-