Normalisation of power curve data according to the turbulence intensity

Dt: 18.03.2020
(Annex-M of IEC 61400-12-1:2017, Edition 2 – Power Performance Measurements of
electricity producing Wind Turbines)
Sl.No. Activity Remarks
1. Ensure that measurement database has following statistics of data for Wind
Speed, Net Electric Power, Air Temperature, Air Pressure, Relative Humidity:
● Mean Value
● Standard Deviation
● Maximum Value
● Minimum Value
Datasets shall be based on 10 minute period derived from contiguous
measured data.
2. Determination of Zero Turbulence Power Curve P0 as per Appendix – I. Kindly refer
procedure
detailed under
Appendix - I
3. Take data set pertaining to Cut-in Wind Speed viz., 3.5 m/sec and note down
the average and standard deviation of the wind speed.
4. Calculate Gaussian distribution function using the following formula:

1
f ( v )=
σ √❑

The result would be in the form of

f(v) = D * EXP( av2 + bv + c) ; where D, a, b, c are constants

1 μ
D= b =
σ √❑ σ
2

−1 −μ2
a = c=
2 σ2 2 σ2

5. Formulate PI=0 (v) as follows:

0 ; v < vcut-in,th or v ≥ vcut-out

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0.5ρ(i)v(i) Cp,thA ; vcut-in,th ≤ v < vrated,th

Prated,th ; vrated,th < v ≤ vcut-out

6. Integrate the Zero Turbulence Power Curve with the Gaussian distribution Kindly refer
function to get the simulated 10 min average of the measured power output : Procedure for
Air Density
ꝏ Normalization
(Section 9.1.5)
Psim,I (v) = ∫ PI=0(v). f(v, Imeasured) dv
v=0

σ = Imeasured × vn = Imeasured × v10min[(ρ10min/ρ0)^(1/3)]

The result would be in the form of

vcut-in,th vrated,th

Psim,I (v) = ∫ 0 dv + ∫ E.D.v3EXP( av2 + bv + c) dv +

v=0 vcut-in,th

vcut-out ꝏ

∫ Prated D* EXP( av2 + bv + c) dv + ∫ 0 dv

vrated,th vcut-out

vrated,th vcut-out

Psim,I(v) = ∫ [Fv3EXP( av2 + bv + c)] dv + ∫ [Prated D* EXP( av2 + bv + c)]dv

vcut-in,th vrated,th

E = 0.5ρ(i)Cp,th A F = D.E =
ρ(i) C p , th A
2σ √❑

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7. Solve the equation of Psim,I(v) incorporating integration by using integral This is the
online calculator. equation (1).
8. Calculate Gaussian distribution function using the following formula:

1
f ( v )=
σref √ ❑

The result would be in the form of

f(v) = G * EXP( dv2 + ev + f) ; where G, d, e, f are constants

1 μ
G= e =
σref ∗√ ❑ σref 2

−1 −μ2
d = f=
2 σref 2 2 σref 2

9. Integrate the Zero Turbulence Power Curve with the Gaussian distribution Kindly refer
function to get the simulated 10 min average of the measured power output : Turbulence
Normalization
ꝏ (Section 9.1.6)
for Ireference
Psim, Iref (v) = ∫ PI=0(v). f(v, Ireference) dv
v=0

σref = Ireference × vn = Ireference × v10min[(ρ10min/ρ0)^(1/3)]

The result would be in the form of

vcut-in,th vrated,th

Psim, Iref (v) = ∫ 0 dv + ∫ E.G.v3EXP( dv2 + ev + f) dv +

v=0 vcut-in,th
vcut-out ꝏ

∫ Prated G* EXP( dv2 + ev + f) dv + ∫ 0 dv

vrated,th vcut-out

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vrated,th vcut-out

Psim, Iref (v) = ∫ [Hv3EXP( dv2 + ev + f)] dv + ∫[Prated G* EXP( dv2 + ev + f)]dv
vcut-in,th vrated,th

H = E.G =
ρ (i )∗C p ,th∗A
2∗σref ∗√❑

10. Calculate the measured power output w.r.t Ireference by the following equation : This is the
equation (2).

PIref(v) = P(v) – Psim,I(v) + Psim,Iref(v)

11. Continue with the same steps from Point (3) – (10) for each wind speed with Kindly refer
an increment of 0.5 m/sec till vcut-out . steps (3) – (10).
12. Construct the power curve for specific turbulence intensity (I reference) using the Kindly refer
measured data. steps (3) – (11).

Terms Definition
Wind speed

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Normalized wind speed
10min Measured wind speed averaged over 10 min
Wind speed in bin i
Cut-in wind speed of the wind turbine
cut-out Cut-out wind speed of the wind turbine
Rated wind speed of the wind turbine
cut-in,th Theoretical cut-in wind speed of the wind turbine
rated,th Theoretical rated wind speed of the wind turbine
Rated power output
rated,th Theoretical rated power output
Average wind speed
Standard deviation of the wind speed at measured turbulence intensity
Standard deviation of the wind speed at reference turbulence intensity
Gaussian wind speed distribution function within 10-minute period
Air density
Reference Air density

10min Derived Air density averaged over 10 min

Power-coefficient of the wind turbine
Theoretical power-coefficient of the wind turbine
p,max Maximum power-coefficient of the wind turbine
Power coefficient in bin i
Swept area of the wind turbine rotor
Measured turbulence intensity
reference Reference turbulence intensity
Turbulence intensity in bin i
(v) Simulated 10-minute average of measured power output with measured average
wind speed and measured turbulence intensity
sim,Iref (v) Simulated 10-minute average of measured power output with measured average
wind speed and reference turbulence intensity
Normalized and averaged power output in bin i
(v) Adjusted Initial Zero Turbulence Power Curve

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(v) Zero Turbulence Power Curve
(v) Final Zero Turbulence Power Curve

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