Anglais : Grammaire

Les liens logiques de la phrase

I-contraste et similarité

a) similarité

1)like : +forme nominale

He works in Paris like my brother/like me.
A flat like yours/this one would be ideal.
They consider/regard/look upon us as their rivals
Several firms, such as IBM and general motors, are cutting jobs.
2)as:
->+forme verbale
As you know, I don’t agree with him
Why don’t you come by bus, like me?(familier)/as I do?
->groupe prépositionnel
You can’t deal with foreign customers as with French ones
b) contraste:
1)traduction de “contrairement a”
->”unlike”+forme nominale
Unlike John, she is not very efficient
Your parents are very helpful unlike mine
->”contrary to”+what
Contrary to what they had announced

Att: As + nom (equivalence) he works as a slave

Like +nom (similarité) he works like a slave

She works as an accountant in her husband’s company.

I speak as a free citizen.

2)traduction de “alors que”:

Whereas/while
He is self-employed, whereas his brother is a civil servant.
They laid off three employees whereas we hired five.

II/simultanéité temporelle

While=pendant que
As=alors que/tandis que, comme, au moment ou
While she was doing her homework, I went shopping.
As I was jogging, it began to rain
I saw him as he was coming out

1
When/as soon as
We will leave as soon as you are ready

III/cause et consequence

a)la cause

1)parce que=because
2)car=for
Don’t send it, for it will be too late any way
3)dans la mesure ou=insofar as
Insofar as everyone is concerned, we should all be warned.
4)étant donné que/comme=since/as
Since/as I’m under 18, I cannot vote
As/since I don’t have my car, couldn’t you please drive me home?
b)consequence
1)ainsi=thus
Tell him the truth; thus, he won’t say he didn’t know.
2)si bien que=”…, so that”
It rained all the afternoon, so that they had to (indicatif)cancel the match.

IV/le but

a)meme sujet dans deux propositions

I did that to surprise/so as to surprise/in order to surprise her
Attention : but negative
They decided to cut production so as not to hire/in order not to hire/not to hire new
employees.
b)changement de sujet: so that +modal
1)but positif:so that+ may/might
+can could
I stayed at home with the baby so that my wife could/might(+modal) go to the cinema.
2)but negative: so that+should
I locked the phone so that he shouldn’t use it.
I warned him so that he should be careful.
He left very quickly so that nobody should ask him any questions
The doctor used technical terms
->so that she didn’t (indicatif)understand
->so that she shouldn’t (modal)understand

V/supposition /condition

a) if vs whether
Do you know whether/if he placed the order (or not)?
They can’t tell him now whether they’ll keep him (or not)
b) condition necessaire

2
1)a condition que=
provided/(providing)
You can take my car provided (that)you bring it tomorrow.

A moins que=unless
Unless the packet arrive today I cancel my order

VI/ La concession

Malgré +nom=In spite of/despite

In spite of a drop of 6% in sales, we made profits.
Although =bien que
Although sales in drop, we made profits
However(cependant), yet(pourtant), nevertheless (néanmoins)
There has been a drop in sales. And yet however we made profit.

VII/En +participle present

He earns his living by giving private tuitions.

Simultanéité=while
She often irons while watching TV.
On+ ing=simultanéité courte+cause
On hearing the news, she fainted.
On getting on the train, she broke a leg.