THEORY OF

LEARNING
BY: GROUP 4

VIONNA VERONIKA MAHARANI

(1913071017)
SITI AROFATUL AMRINA (1913071019)
 • Views of Cognitive Learning and Constructivist
1 Theory of Learning

• Learning Process according to Cognitive Learning

2 Theory from Piaget

• The Learning Process according to the constructivist

3 Learning Theory from Vygotsky

Learning • Learning Process according to Learning Theory

4 Learning Processing from Robert Mills Gagne
Theory
• Learning Process according to Social Learning
5 Theory from Albert Bandura

• Strengths and Weaknesses of Each Learning Theory

6

• Implications of Learning Theory for the Learning

7 Process
"Views of Cognitive and
Constructivist Learning
Theory of Learning"
 Views of Cognitive and Constructivist Learning Theory of Learning

An internal process that includes memory, retention,

information processing, information and other psychological
aspects, in other words learning is an activity that involves a
very complex thought process.

Views of Cognitive
Learning Theory of
Learning

That in the learning process, students must get emphasis. It is

they who must actively develop their knowledge, not learners
or others.
Views of
Constructivist
Learning Theory
of Learning
Cognitive Learning Theory from Piaget
Learning Process according to Cognitive Learning Theory
from Piaget

"Cognitive development is a genetic process that is a

process that is based on biological mechanisms of the
development of the nervous system"

Assimilation Accommodation Equilibration

 Stage of Cognitive Development according to Piaget
Motor Sensory Period (0-2 years
old)
Based on the action and carried out step
by step.
Concrete operational period (7-12
years old)
The child has begun to use clear and
logical rules.
Preoperational Period (age 2-7
years)
In the use of symbols or sign
language and begin to develop
intuitive concepts.
Period of formal operation (age
12-18 years)
The child is able to think abstractly
and logically by using the possibility of
thinking.
 Strengths and Weaknesses of Cognitive Theory

ADVANTAGES WEAKNESS

Helping students
understand learning
It cannot be measured by only
material more easily.
one student, but we must look
at their abilities.
Can increase student
motivation in learning.

Students still find it difficult

Make the student's thinking
process more creative.
Can improve students'
ability to solve problems.
when faced with objects or
events that have nothing to do
clearly and concretely with
reality.

Students are given the

opportunity to talk to each other
and discuss with their friends.
 Implications of Cognitive Learning Theory for Learning

Educators must be able to teach using

1 language that is appropriate to the way
children think.

2 Educators must help children to interact with

the environment as well as possible.

Materials that children must learn should be

3 felt new but familiar to children.

Give opportunities to children, so that

4 children learn according to the stage of
development.

In the classroom children should be given the

5 opportunity to talk to each other and discuss
with their friends.
Contructivist Learning
Theory from Vygotsky
The Learning Process according to the constructivist
Learning Theory from Vygotsky
1 2

• Intellectual development • That intellectual

can be understood only development depends on
when viewed from the the sign system of each
historical context and individual is always
cultural experiences of developing.
children.

Cognitif
Social Learning
Vygotsky's Apprenticeship
Learning
Principles
ZPD (zone of
proximal Mediated
development). Learning.
 Strengths and Weaknesses of Constructivist Learning
ADVANTAGES
Theory
WEAKNESS

Express ideas explicitly using

the students' own language.
The results of students'
Students are encouraged to construction do not match the
differentiate and integrate ideas results of the construction of the
about phenomena that challenge experts, causing misconceptions.
students.
It certainly takes a long time and
Encourage students to think every student needs different
creatively, imaginatively, handling.
encourage reflection on models
and theories, introduce ideas.
Not all schools have
infrastructure that can help
Try out new ideas so that
students to be active and
students are motivated to gain
creative.
confidence by using various
contexts.

Provide a conducive learning

environment that supports
students.
Implications of Constructivist Learning Theory for Learning

Identification of Prior Orientation and Application

Idea
Knowledge and Elicitation. Restructuring
Misconceptions.

2 4 6

1 3 5

Preparation of Reflection Review

Learning
Programs.
Learning Theory
Processing of Learning
from Robert Mills Gagne
 Learning Process according to Learning Theory
Learning Processing from Robert Mills Gagne
"Learning takes place in the process of receiving information, and then
it is processed to produce output in the form of learning outcomes"

Three General
Assumptions of
Information
Processing Theory

The mind is seen as a system Individuals process Limitations on the capacity to

of storing and returning information from the process information from an
information. environment. individual.
 Strengths and Weaknesses of Learning Processing Theories
WEAKNESS
ADVANTAGES If the teacher cannot deliver the
material creatively and
Helps increase student activity attractively then the students
for thinking. cannot accept the material
presented properly so the
Able to associate an interesting learning objectives cannot be
learning process with the achieved.
material presented.
Students who are not active in
the learning process, the teacher
Educators are required to be
will find it difficult to deliver the
creative in learning activities.
material.

Implications of Learning Processing Theory for Learning

Being able to place
Students can name Students can Painting with
or use both types
a number of tools identify hot and harmonious color
of colors will
used for color cold colors composition
influence each
drawing (facts). (concepts). (problem solving).
other (principle).
Learning Process according to Social Learning Theory from Albert Bandura
"Social and cognitive factors as well as actors play
an important role in learning"

Components in the Modeling Learning Process

1 Attention / Pay Attention

2 Retention / Remembrance

3 Producing motor motion

4 Repetition - reinforcement and motivation

 Strengths and Weaknesses of Social Learning Theory

ADVANTAGES WEAKNESS
Emphasize that a person's
environment and behavior are
linked through the person's
cognitive system.
Using impersonation techniques
by imitating behavior that may
Emphasize the importance of be negative.
empirical research in studying
children's development.

Focusing on processes that

explain children's development,
social and cognitive factors.
Implications of Social Learning Theory for Learning

Provides opportunities to pay attention to and model

various types of models that demonstrate desirable
behavior.

Educators need to ensure and try to provide a

conducive social environment for modeling to
apply.

Teaching that interests and concerns of students

and should be able to be a model for them to
follow.

Always be proficient in communication so that

each time a learning demonstration session.
THANK YOU