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South Asia is undergoing a rapid process of urbanization. In 1950 there was only one large city-
Kolkata, which was among the top ten cities in the world. In 2000 four of the largest 15 cities of
the world were situated in South Asia. By 2015 five of the largest cities will be from this region.
These cities have swollen up through migration from the countryside and many of these
migrants are poor. In the backdrop of massive wealth of these cities the poor lead a subhuman
life in slums or squatters, in its informal economy and in its underworld without shelter, safe
water or medicare and often jobs.
• In 1950s and 1960s the world’s largest cities were in developed countries
• From 1960 to 1990 a few developed world megacities, such as London, actually saw
population decline due to deindustrialisation and counter-urbanisation
• Since 1990 megacity growth has been centred on Asia, and especially India and China
since the turn of the millennium
• Africa has relatively few megacities although many African cities are growing rapidly
Growth rates, 1950-2015, of 21 urban agglomerations that are
expected to be megacities in 2015
Source: United Nations, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2001 Revision. Data Tables and Highlights
• Disease epidemics
• Transport gridlock
• Overcrowding
• Deep eco-footprints
• Declining centres
• Health and Nutrition issues –unclean water, vermin, dangerous housing and utility
connections,
geo-ecological change:
• e.g. through natural hazards, air-, water- and soil pollu-tion, sea-level rise, global
warming, urban heat islands, bio-connection.
geo-economic change:
• e.g. through economic globalisation, industrial competi-tion, activities of transnational
companies, new labour division, transformation processes
geo-social change:
• e.g. through (inter)national migration, empowerment of marginalised groups, urban
ethnicity, new urban epidemics, global life styles
geo-cultural change:
• e.g. through organisation of global places, globalised media, social movements, new
cultural diversity, transnational social scapes.
geo-political change:
• e.g. through conflicts and power (im)balances, globally acting NGO networks, human
rights movements, global regulation, security and stability
Dhaka:
Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is the city with the highest population growth in the world.
About 28% of the population is poor. Some 3.4 million live in slums. Close to one third don’t
have access to sanitation. Watch the challenges facing Dhaka as it population continues to
grow.With 12 million residents, Dhaka is the 11th largest city in the world
Urban Detail — After Pakistan won independence from the British and separated from India
Karachi’s population increased hugely as hundreds of thousands of Muslim migrants from India
settled there, transforming its demographics and economy. (Source: Reuters)
Mumbai, India
Mumbai–called Bombay until the name was changed in 1995–is the commercial and movie
capital of India and has attracted millions of migrants from the countryside. With high birth rates
and the continued influx of migrants, Mumbai’s population is expected to grow rapidly in the
future.
Urban Detail — Over half of the city’s population lives in slums. Poor infrastructure and
widespread poverty make it very difficult to meet the demands of an ever-growing population.
(Source: Reuters)
Delhi, India
Delhi is India’s capital and recently overtook Mumbai as the biggest city by population size. It’s
a place of striking contrasts. Mosques, bazaars, and narrow lanes mark the old town. New Delhi,
the capital, features grand boulevards, business centers, and shopping malls.
(Source: Shutterstock)
Conclusion:
The diversity of megacities means that a challenge in one city can mean something different for another
city. Every city is unique, so solutions need to be tailored to fit. New urban-planning models are
required, and it is important for city leaders to find a balance between economic growth, environmental
considerations and quality of life.