Planning 3 Lecture

URBANIZATION AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

Arch. Eduardo F. Bober, Jr.
Special Industry Lecturer
Review of the Past Lessons
• Human Society in the Ecological Setting
- Evolutions/transitions of
societies
• Cities/Urban areas defined and
understood:
- characteristics/type of
perspectives/definition
- parameters/measures from various
agencies (LPC, NSCB, PNSO) and
international bodies (indices)
• Why the need for a definition of urban
areas?
• Urban Economies? QOL? Development
concept and indicators?
• Other Learnings?
URBANIZATION
• Phenomenon by which a
community or settlement gradually
or rapidly acquires an urban
character.
• Growth in the proportion of a
population living in an urban place
• A process that has a beginning and
an end
• A process associated with the
development of civilization
• Redistribution of population from
rural to urban settlement
(migration)
 URBANIZATION
• Geographic concentration of
population & non-agricultural
activities in urban environments
in varying size and form.
• Process by which rural areas
became transformed into urban
areas
• Demographically, an increase in
population concentration
(numbers and density);
movement of people to cities,
other densely settled areas.
DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS
• Level of Urbanization –
proportion of people living in
urban areas
• Urban Growth – population
rate of growth
(increase/decrease) in urban
areas
• Pace of Urbanization –
average change in the level
of urbanization (change in
level/time period)
Degree of Urbanization
Philippine Population & Urbanization
Trends
❑The current population of the Philippines is 108,
142,219 as of Friday, July 12, 2019, based on the
latest UN estimates.
❑The Philippines population is equivalent to 1.4% of the
total world population.
❑The Philippines ranks number 13 in the list of
countries (and dependencies) by population.
❑The population density in the Philippines is 357 per
Km2 (925 people per mi2). Median age of 24.3 years.
Life expectancy at 69.3 (123 rank)
❑The total land area is 298,170 Km2 (115,124 sq. miles)
❑44.4 % of the population is urban (47,278,672 people
in 2018). Projected to increase to 65% by 2030
http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/philippines-population/
 Country (or Population Yearly Density Land Area Migrants Fert. Med. Urban
#
dependency) (2018) Change (P/Km²) (Km²) (net) Rate Age Pop %

1 China 1,415,045,928 0.39 % 151 9,388,211 -339,690 1.6 37 58 %

2 India 1,354,051,854 1.11 % 455 2,973,190 -515,643 2.4 27 32 %

3 U.S. 326,766,748 0.71 % 36 9,147,420 900,000 1.9 38 83 %

4 Indonesia 266,794,980 1.06 % 147 1,811,570 -167,000 2.5 28 54 %

5 Brazil 210,867,954 0.75 % 25 8,358,140 3,185 1.8 31 84 %

6 Pakistan 200,813,818 1.93 % 260 770,880 -236,384 3.7 22 38 %

7 Nigeria 195,875,237 2.61 % 215 910,770 -60,000 5.7 18 49 %

8 Bangladesh 166,368,149 1.03 % 1,278 130,170 -505,297 2.2 26 35 %

9 Russia 143,964,709 -0.02 % 9 16,376,870 203,577 1.7 39 73 %

10 Mexico 130,759,074 1.24 % 67 1,943,950 -60,000 2.3 28 78 %

11 Japan 127,185,332 -0.23 % 349 364,555 71,627 1.4 46 94 %

12 Ethiopia 107,534,882 2.46 % 108 1,000,000 -12,000 4.6 19 20 %

13 PHILIPPINES 106,512,074 1.52 % 357 298,170 -130,000 3.1 24 44 %

14 Egypt 99,375,741 1.87 % 100 995,450 -55,005 3.4 25 38 %

15 Viet Nam 96,491,146 0.99 % 311 310,070 -40,000 2.0 30 34 %

http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/philippines-population/
Bay Skyline of Manila

Source: ICNUP Phils, 2009

 The Law of the Primate City
❖ The primate city is the largest
most dominant city in a region.
❖ The degree of primacy refers to
the dominance of the largest
city over the rest of the country.
❖ Most LDCs (Less Developed
Countries) have a high degree of
primacy while most MDCs (More
Developed Countries) have a
low degree of primacy.
❖ Factors that affect high primacy
include:
– Having an under developed
economy Largest Population 2nd Largest Population
– Having an agriculturally City City
dominant economy MMla 25M Davao 1.3M
– A rapidly expanding
population Cebu 800K
– A recent colonial history Gen San 680K
Varying Rates of Urbanization
• Is population size related to urbanization?
• Some variations in levels of urbanization could
be attributed to the varying levels of
industrialization or economic opportunities:
– TRUE urbanization – there is a concurrent
expansion of non-agricultural activities
– FALSE urbanization – where people live in cities
but do not really have fulfilling jobs
Implications of Urbanization
Impacts of Urbanization
OVERPOPULATION &
OVERCONSUMPTION
(PLANNING 3 LECTURE)

EDUARDO F BOBER JR
SPECIAL INDUSTRY LECTURER

SOURCE: THEGUARDIAN.COM
 Industrialization FACTORS that hastened
& Urbanization (Europe)
Urbanization
• In general, industrialization
begets industrialization
– British, European:
Industrialization was the
catalyst for urban
growth (factories gave rise
to towns)
– New World (American):
Industrialization
followed urbanization
(towns gave rise to
factories)
▪ Unprecedented population growth in
the countryside
▪ Mechanization, rising productivity,
and labor shedding in agriculture
▪ Rural population as continuous
supply of factory workers
▪ Rural population as source of
domestic help
▪ City-ward migration
(USA)
▪ Agricultural revolution took place
side by side with industrial
revolution
▪ Migration of redundant farm labor
from the south to northern cities
▪ Immigration of Europeans “to empty
lands of the earth”
• Suburbanization – expansion of
the city, primarily of residential
areas spreading into the
countryside
• Urban Sprawl – result of
unplanned, uncontrolled
spreading of urban development
into areas adjoining the edges of
the city.
• Gentrification – the process of
renewal and rebuilding
accompanying the influx of
middle-class or affluent people
into deteriorating areas that
often displaces poorer residents
Urbanization is a population shift from rural to urban areas, "the
gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban
areas", and the ways in which each society adapts to the
change.
Process whereby a place becomes urban, i.e., it ceases to be
rural…experiences a large concentration of population that is
changing from rural to urban way of life.
Urban-Rural Dichotomy
Rural Urban Proponent
Sacred Secular H. Becker
Folk Urban Redfield
Ascription Achievement T. Parsons
Particularistic Universalistic F. Riggs
Traditional Rational M. Weber
City life is characterized
by some level of
formality and a
severance of familial
relationships or
kinship ties.
Cities can become
concentrations of
pollution, squalor
and decay due to
overcrowding,
vehicular traffic and
crime.
Human Settlements – approach looking at cities as
physical locations for groups of human beings, which
should have the key elements for biological survival
and social interaction.
Human Settlement (UNEconSocComAP) means the totality of
the human community - whether city, town or village - with
all the social, material, organizational, spiritual and cultural
elements that sustain it.
The fabric of human settlements consists of physical elements
and services to which these elements provide the material
support. The physical components comprise the following:
shelter, infrastructure, and services.
Shelter, i.e. the superstructures of In 1973, Human Settlement
different shapes, size, type and Commission (EO 419)
materials erected by mankind for decrees 11 basic services
security, privacy and protection from (needs) of man in a
the elements and for his singularity settlement:
within a community; Education, Clothing, Shelter,
Medical Services, Ecological
Infrastructure, i.e. the complex
Balance, Mobility, Economy,
networks designed to deliver to or
Sports & Recreation
remove from the shelter people,
goods, energy or information;
Services cover those required by a
community for the fulfillment of its Power
functions as a social body, such as
Food
education, health, culture, welfare,
recreation and nutrition (UN Economic &
Social Commission for Asia & the Pacific) Water
Konstantinos Doxiadis, Greek
Theorist rationalized HS as a
science which includes
Economics
planning and design with
contributions from different
specializations. Culture
Social
Sciences
EKISTICS
Creating better settlements for science of human
settlements
tomorrow can be understood
better looking at the various Technical
Aspects
Pol. Science
& Admin.
elements of HS.
Ekistics units = man,
room, dwelling,
neighborhood, small
town, large town, city,
metro, conurbation,
megalopolis, etc.
Classifications:
Function
administrative,
recreational, industrial,
tourism. Financial,
religious, educational,
etc.
Evolutionary Phases
nomadic, agricultural,
urban-agricultural,
towns and cities
Factors legislation,
labor, financing, etc.
Discipline cultural,
social, technical,
political-admin.
Hierarchy of Settlement
 In the Philippine setting, HS growth is closely tied to population dynamics.
“PUSH” factor – rural “PULL” factor – rural
population are forced to population are
migrate to urban areas due encouraged to migrate to
to the following situations in urban areas due to the
the countryside: following:
1. Lack of income 1. Job opportunities and
opportunity higher income
2. Absence of acceptable 2. Modern facilities and
facilities better services
3. Undue resource and 3. Higher quality of
environmental environment
exploitation 4. Higher standard of
4. Continuing poverty living
situation 5. Vibrant social life
5. Aggravated “bright light
helplessness syndrome” or “the big
6. Armed conflicts city phenomenon”
Population Dynamics
• Population dynamics shape the principle social, economic
and environmental challenges that humankind is
confronting this century. To promote the wellbeing of
current and future generations, which is the ultimate
objective of sustainable development, we must therefore
systematically consider and plan for population dynamics.

• Population dynamics — the changes in the size, location

and age of populations — have to inform sustainable
development goals, targets and indicators, as well as
development strategies, policies and programs. Without
knowledge of how many people are living on the planet,
where they are living and how old they are, we cannot
hope to meet the needs of people. –
Population Dynamics Matters for Sustainable Development
OTHER FACTORS
(influence on population distribution)
1. Resettlement and relocation actions
2. Industrial Estates and growth centers
3. Highways and other major thoroughfares
4. Natural resources conservation and
reforms
5. Decentralization and autonomy policy
6. Agrarian reform
7. Urban land use reform
8. Sites and Services for informal settlers
9. Utilities expansion and urban security
10.Rural development programs

RA 7279_UDHA
Thank you and good day.

“This is Humanity’s great urbanization. We must do it right

or the planet will pay”
REFLECTION:

Write an essay-reaction paper (handwritten) of not less than

2 pages (short bond paper-please staple or tack), 1.5
space, 1 cm border all throughout on the required reading
no. 2:
“This is humankind's 'great urbanization'. We must do it
right, or the planet will pay”, a copy of which can be
downloaded from our class’ e_group. Essentially, the paper
must be able to note and or summarize the message that
the readings or literature wants to convey and your personal
actions and commitments to address the concerns and
issues of urbanization.