Step 3 the nature of grammar

Karla Johanna gaitan sanchez

Presented to: CRISTIAN FELIPE CANON

Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia UNAD

Introduction to linguistics

1. Read the document “Grammar” Chapter 7, pages 80-95, in ‘Yule, G.

(2010). The Study of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press’; found in the Course Contents, UNIT 1, in the Knowledge
Environment; and also read the text “Grammar” Chapter 4, pages
19-24, in ‘Bauer, Laurie.; The Linguistic Student's Handbook’

2. Based on the first text, you need to post the following

analysis:
2.1. Identify all the parts of speech used in the following sentence (e.g.
woman = noun):
Answer:
The = articles
Woman = noun
Kept = verb
A = articles
Large = adjective
Snake = noun
In = preposition
A = articles
Cage = noun
But = conjunction
Escaped = verb
Recently = adverb
“The woman kept a large snake in a cage, but it escaped
recently”.
2.2. What prescriptive rules for the “proper” use of English are not
obeyed in the following sentences and how would they be “corrected”?

*The old theory consistently failed to fully explain all the data.
In the first sentence the rule was used: You should not divide an
infinitive and the correct form would be:
The old theory could not fully explain all the data.
*I can’t remember the name of the person I gave the book to
In the second sentence the rule was used: you should not end a
sentence with a preposition and the correct way to write it is:
I can't remember the name of the person to whom I gave the book
2.3. Tasks

2.3.1. Another term used in the description of the parts of speech is

“determiner.”
What are determiners? How many examples were included in this
chapter?
in English, a determiner is a word that introduces a noun. It always
comes before a noun, not after, and it also comes before any other
adjectives used to describe the noun. Determiners are required before a
singular noun but are optional when it comes to introducing plural
nouns. For example, consider the placement and usage of the common
determiner the in the sentences below:
The bunny went home.
I ate the chocolate cookie for dessert.
Metal cans are recyclable.
The metal cans are recyclable.
2.3.2 In this chapter, we discussed “correction” in grammar. What is
hypercorrection?

2.3.3. The structural analysis of a basic English sentence (NP + V + NP)

is often described as “Subject Verb Object” or SVO. The basic sentence
order in a Gaelic sentence (V + NP + NP) is described as “Verb Subject
Object” or VSO.

After looking at the examples below (based on Inoue, 1979), would you
describe the basic sentence order in these Japanese sentences as SVO
or VSO or something else?

2.3.3.1 Jakku-ga gakkoo-e ikimasu

Jack school to go
(“Jack goes to school”)
2.3.3.2 Kazuko-ga gakkoo-de eigo-o naratte imasu
Kazuko school at English learn be
(“Kazuko is learning English at school”)

2.3.3.3 Divergence in the syntactic patterns of languages is responsible

for the patterns of errors made by English-language learners. Given that
English-language learners from Korea produce sentences such as *I ice-
cream like and *I book read, what can you say about word order in
Korean? (Taken from Gordon T. 2012)

4. Based on the second text please answer: In the text we can see that
in the history of linguistics we have two forms to understand grammar:
a Prescriptive form and a Descriptive one; why the second
comprehension it is considered a breakthrough in Linguistics?
-This stage will be developed individually and collaboratively. Students
answer some questions and interact to share information.
Collaborative: The student presents at least three answers or
analysis in the forum.
The participation in the forum will be scored in terms of interaction
with the mates; the more you give relevant feedback to your mates,
the most you learn and have a good punctuation.

Individual:

When you finally have corrected your works according to the feedback
given in the forum, each student uploads the work in a single
document (pdf or word) to the link Intermediate, unit 1, step 3,
found in the Evaluation Environment.

Evaluation Rubric
Evaluation rubric
Step 3 - The nature of grammar
Activity Collaborative
Individual Activity ☒ ☒
type: Activity
Evaluati Initial ☐ Intermediate ☒ Fin ☐
 on
Unit 1. Step 3 al
moment
Evaluate Performance levels of the individual activity
Score
d items High score Average score Low score
The The The
information information information
shows that the partially shows does not show
student that the student that the student
explored and explored and explored and
analyzed the analyzed the analyzed the
references for reference for reference for
Checking
unit 2. It is unit 2. It is unit 2. It is not 30
reference
evident that the partially evident evident that points
s
student that student student
understood the understood the understood the
concepts and concepts and concepts and
masters the masters the masters the
topics. topics. topics.
(up to 30 (up to 15
(up to 1 point)
points) points)
The information The information The information
presented in the presented in presented in the
document the document document does
answers fully partially not answer the
answers questions. 50
Question the questions. points
partially the
s reply questions. .
(up to 50 (up to 25
(up to 1 point)
points) points)
 The document The document is
The document is partially well not well
is well presented and presented and
presented and organized. The organized. The
organized. The information is information is
information is partially clear not clear and
clear and avoids and avoids avoids serious
Documen serious serious linguistic 15
t format linguistic linguistic mistakes. It is points
mistakes. It is mistakes. It is not uploaded in
uploaded in the
uploaded in the the evaluation
evaluation
evaluation environment.
environment.
environment.
(up to 15 (up to 8
(up to 1 point)
points) points)
Performance levels of the collaborative
Evaluate
activity Score
d items
High score Average score Low score
The student
The student partially
The student
presented at presented at
did not present
least three least three
any answers or
answers or answers or
Individua analysis in the
analysis in the analysis in the
l and forum and, did
forum, on time, forum, on time,
Collabora not give 25
and gave and partially
tive meaningful points
meaningful gave
participat feedback about
feedback about meaningful
ion their partners’
their partners’ feedback about
work.
work. their partners’
work.
(Up to 25 (Up to 12 (Up to 1
points) points) point)
120
Final score
Points