1 Which of the following will increase the depth of field

A increase the shutter speed

B decrease the shutter speed
C increase the F number
D decrease the F number

2 Which of the following will increase the field of view of a lens

A long focal length

B short focal length
C decrease the aperture
D increase the shutter speed

3 Colours will disappear as light travels through seawater because of which of the
following

A absorption
B scatter
C reflection
D refraction

4 What would be the expected voltage for a structure, which has sufficient protection if
it is compared to an Ag/AgCl half-cell

A 800mv to 1100mv
B -640mv to –800mv
C -800mv to –1100mv
D over –1100mv

5 Which of the following would be the expected potential of a zinc anode when
compared to a Ag/AgCl half-cell

A 1000mv to 1050mv
B 800mv to 1100mv
C -1000mv to –1050mv
D -1100mv and above

6 Who is responsible for ensuring that sufficient inspection is carried out on an offshore
structure

A Lloyds register of shipping

B the independent verification body
C the duty holder
D none of the above
 7 When inspecting welds using close visual inspection how far either side of the weld
must be cleaned to at least SA 2.5

A 50mm either side of the weld

B 100mm either side of the weld
C 200mm either side of the weld
D 75mm either side of the weld

8 When will the most comprehensive inspection be carried out on an offshore structure

A during fabrication
B post installation
C in service
D none of the above

9 How many groups does BS499 put metal and weld defects into

A 2
B 4
C 6
D 8

10 What is the most common radiographic isotope used offshore today for weld
inspection

A caesium 137
B iridium 192
C plutonium
D radium

11 If using radiography offshore what will be the most important consideration

A cost
B likely defects
C test procedures
D safety

12 What type of defects will radiography locate most effectively

A surface breaking defects

B all sub surface defects
C volumetric defects
D planar defects
 13 Which of the following would be described as a volumetric defect

A cracks
B porosity
C lack of root fusion
D lamellar tearing

14 What is a planar defect

A a two dimensional defect

B a three dimensional defect
C a solid inclusion
D undercut

15 Which of the following would be termed a miscellaneous defect according to BS499

A undercut
B lack of sidewall fusion
C lamellar tearing
D spatter

16 Which of the following would be the most likely location for a fatigue defect in a
offshore structure

A the weld cap

B the heat affected zone
C the root
D the toe

17 In the case of a 35mm camera what does the 35mm relate to

A the width of the film

B the diagonal of the film
C the length of the negative
D the width of the negative

18 What is focal length

A the distance to the subject

B the distance either side of the subject which is optically clear
C the length of the film
D the distance light travels from the front of the optics to the film plane

19 Which of the following could be used as a sacrificial anode on a steel structure

A zinc
B aluminium
C less noble materials
D all of the above
 20 Which terminal of the impressed current power supply should be connected to the
structure

A the negative
B the positive
C either
D neither

21 Which of the following is not a technique which would normally be used to locate
defects on a structure

A digital thickness meter

B ACFM
C CP meter
D radiography

22 What is the major limiting factor of a digital thickness meter

A it cannot be used on a steel structure

B it can only read on thin steel
C it cannot read through paint coats
D it will only show a distance to the major reflector

23 Which of the following best describes the piezo electric effect

A changes electricity into sound energy

B changes sound energy into electrical energy
C changes sound into light energy and vice versa
D both A and B

24 Which of the following techniques does a digital thickness meter use

A tandem probe
B double wall single image
C pulse echo
D none of the above

25 From the point of view of inspection on a offshore structure, which of the following
would be considered to be the major advantage of CCTV

A it will show sub surface defects

B it gives very high resolution
C it gives real time pictures
D it can be used to size sub surface defects
 26 What is the main advantage of photography over CCTV

A it will show sub surface defects

B it gives very high resolution
C it gives real time pictures
D it can be used to size sub surface defects

27 When carrying out a visual inspection which of the following would be described as
gross structural damage

A a missing bolt from a riser clamp

B a small dent in a horizontal member
C blisters on a paint coating
D all of the above

28 Which of the following is the most common radiographic source used for weld
inspection offshore today

A caesium 137
B iridium 192
C plutonium
D X-ray

29 In photography how would the F number be worked out for any given lens

A aperture divided by focal length

B focal length divided by the aperture diameter
C depth of field divided by the film size
D none of the above

30 What would a silver /silver chloride half-cell be used for

A making the tea

B measuring the thickness of a structure
C measuring the corrosion protection of a structure
D measuring the depth of a defect

31 Which of the following is the general definition of stress

A stress = load
area

B stress = area
Load

C stress = weight
Height

D none of the above

 32 Which of the following describes compressive stress

A load pulling on a member

B load twisting a member
C load pushing a member
D load being removed from the member

33 What is meant by a stopper hole or arrestor hole

A a hole drilled tat either ends of a crack to stop its propagation

B a hole which does not penetrate the member
C a hole with a rope stopper through it
D none of the above

34 What is meant by fatigue

A progressive overloading of a solid

B snatch load breaking a brace
C cyclic stress causing local hardening of the material
D loading beyond the yield stress

35 What is the underside of a concrete beam called

A the bottom
B the underside
C the invert
D the soffit

36 What name is given to the anchor point of a pre-stressed tendon used to reinforce a
concrete structure

A cachetage point
B anchor point
C ducting point
D tremie tube

37 What is the main problem when using putty to make a cast on an offshore structure

A obtaining the material

B the putty will dry out in water
C the cast will deform when removed and transported
D none of the above
 38 Which of the following could be used to assess the depth of a surface breaking defect
in a steel structure

A DTM
B FMD
C MPI
D ACPD

39 Which of the following best describes photogrammetry

A taking photographs at intervals of lapsed time in order to assess changes in

seabed conditions
B stereo photography with computer assessment
C stereo photography
D sub sea photography

40 Which of the following cold be used to protect a steel structure against corrosion in
the splash zone

A Henderson rings
B cathodic protection
C anodic protection
D coatings

41 What occurs during the anodic reaction

A the atom gains an electron

B the atom loses electrons
C the atom becomes a negative ion
D none of the above

42 What is meant by a cycle in ultrasonics

A one complete particle vibration

B one hertz
C the speed with which the sound travels in the material
D none of the above

43 What is meant by anaerobic corrosion

A corrosion with the aid of oxygen

B corrosion without oxygen
C corrosion inside a pipe
D corrosion in a droplet of water
 44 Which of the following are factors affecting marine growth

A depth
B temperature
C water flow rate
D all of the above

45 What would be the major effect of soft marine growth on a structure

A increasing the mass so reducing the natural frequency

B decreasing the likelihood of finding CVI defects
C increases the drag on the structure
D Blocks intakes and outfalls

46 If the velocity of water flow were doubled how would the drag force be affected

A stay the same

B it will be doubled
C it will be trebled
D it will be four times increased

47 Which of the following types of marine growth would be most affected by depths
outside the photic zone

A plants
B soft growth
C animals
D hard growth

48 how often should risers and conductors be inspected

A at least every 5 years

B post incident
C decided by the duty holder
D both B & C

49 Which of the following best describes a butt weld

A a weld in which the bulk of the weld material lies outside the planes or
thickness of the parent plate
B a weld in which the bulk of the weld material lies within the planes or
thickness of the parent plate
C a weld where the parent plates are brought together end to end
D a weld where the parent plates are joined with some overlap
 50 Assuming access to both sides of the weld which of the following would never be
found by a visual inspection

A lack of penetration in a single V butt weld

B lack of penetration in a double V butt weld
C surface breaking porosity
D undercut

51 When reporting a defect on a weld which of the following should be reported

A distance to datum
B length of the defect
C orientation of the defect relative to the weld
D all of the above

52 When diving on a structure which is protected by a platform based impressed current

protection system how should the system be

A fully active
B turned off
C locally isolated
D none of the above

53 A diver employed to carry out MPI must have which of the following certificates

A 3.1u
B 3.2u
C 3.3u
D 3.4u

54 How does a concrete structure protect its reinforcement cage

A concrete is waterproof
B paint coats
C anodic protection
D passivation

55 Which of the following metals can be used as sacrificial anodes for the protection of a
steel structure

A iron
B platinum
C magnesium
D all of the above

56 At what stage of the structures life will the most complete inspection be carried out
A during fabrication
B post launch
C in service
D none of the above

57 Under current UK legislation who will be responsible for ensuring safe levels of
inspection are carried out on a offshore structure

A the certifying authority

B the verification body
C the HSE
D the duty holder

58 What is meant by inherent defects

A defects which the structure inherits from the welding

B defects which the structure inherits from the raw material
C defects which the structure will develop in service
D defects on an offshore structure

59 If a load is found to be pulling on a brace which of the following types of stress will
the brace be under

A compressive
B shear
C tension
D all of the above

60 Which of the following best describes drag

A fluid flow attempting to move the object in the opposite direction to the flow
B fluid flow attempting to move the object in the same direction as the flow
C a tiring swim
D the structure being moved

61 What would happen if a structure were loaded beyond the yield stress

A the structure would fail

B the structure would return to normal as soon as the load was relieved
C the structure would be unaffected
D the structure would become permanently deformed

62 Which of the following would you expect to see if a structure has failed through
ductile failure

A large local deformation

B no local deformation
C paint coat removal
D none of the above

63 What is meant by a jarlan hole

A a hole in the metal

B a hole through which a cable is passed
C a perforation in a breakwater wall
D the underside of a concrete beam

64 Which of the following will increase the rate of marine growth on a offshore structure

A localised increases in pressure

B localised increases in temperature
C Henderson rings
D wave action

65 Which of the following is least detrimental to an offshore structure when it is being

cleaned

A needle gun
B hydraulic wire brush
C water jet
D scrapper

66 According to ISO 8501-1 which of the following best describes cleaning to paint coat

A SA1
B SA2
C SA2.5
D SA3

67 What is meant by scour

A removal of paint coat

B removal of weld metal during defect examination
C removal of marine growth
D removal of seabed

68 If a blister is located on an offshore structures paint coat what should be done

A burst it and inspect underneath

B burst it and leave it
C burst it and repaint
D leave it alone
 69 Which of the following could be the effects of debris

A impact damage
B galvanic corrosion
C overloading of the cathodic protection system of the structure
D all of the above

70 What is meant by the term soffit when applied to concrete inspection

A the top of the beam

B the underside of the beam
C the side of the beam
D none of the above

71 How many defect types are there in concrete inspection

A 2
B 4
C 6
D 8

72 How does concrete protect the reinforcement cage against corrosion

A cathodic protection
B anodic protection
C paint coats
D passivation

73 If the term soldier is applied during concrete inspection which of the following would
best describe the feature

A a shutter
B a tie rod
C a shutter support
D reinforcement

74 When inspecting concrete which of the following would be described as a blemish

A construction joint
B honeycombing
C cast in socket
D water jet damage
 75 What is meant by a cachetage point

A an anchor point of a pre-stressed tendon

B an anchor point of re-bar
C an anchor point of the structure
D any of the above

76 Which of the following best describes a fillet weld

A a weld where the bulk of the weld metal lies within the planes or thickness of
the parent plates
B a weld where the bulk of the weld metal lies outside the planes or thickness of
the parent plates
C a weld which is only welded from one side
D a weld which is not completed

77 What is meant by a volumetric defect

A a defect which has no volume

B a defect which has large surface area but low volume
C a defect which has large volume for a relatively low surface area
D a defect which is on the surface of the weld

78 How many defects does BS499 group metal and weld defects into

A 2
B 4
C 6
D 8

79 Which of the following is classed as a cavity during weld inspection

A copper inclusion
B porosity
C tungsten inclusion
D laminations

80 Which of the following can detect surface breaking defects through non-conductive
coatings

A ACPD
B digital thickness meter
C FMD
D electro magnetic detection techniques
 81 Which of the following will not be used in defect location during an offshore
inspection program

A CP meter
B MPI
C DTM
D visual inspection

82 Which of the following best describes the reason for filling out photo log sheets
during photographic inspection

A to allow the photo tech to assess the film properly

B to record basic details as to the frame exposure subject etc
C to send to the company rep
D to help in engineering assessment

83 What is meant by bracketing the exposure during photography

A setting the correct exposure first time

B using the camera on auto mode
C taking three pictures varying the exposure to ensure the correct result
D marking the exposure down on the photo log and putting it in brackets

84 If there is a need to increase the depth of field which of the following should be done

A increase the F number

B decrease the F number
C change the film
D increase the strobe output

85 When using close up prods for an NDT inspection which of the following should be
done

A bisect the angle between the components

B include a scale
C ensure the inspection site is properly lit
D all of the above

86 Which of the following best describes film speed

A the speed with which the film can be advanced

B the length of time a film is exposed
C a numerical value relating to the sensitivity of the film
D none of the above

87 What is backscatter
A light reflected back from suspended particles in the water
B light reflected back from the subject
C light not received at the camera
D light sent out from the strobe

88 What is the photosensitive part of a colour negative photographic emulsion

A silver/silver chlorides
B silver halide crystals
C silver bromide crystals
D iridium 192

89 Which of the following is the main advantage of an SIT video camera

A it produces high quality colour pictures

B it is very robust
C it is very small
D it works in very low light conditions

90 When starting a CCTV inspection what should be done

A a video log should be completed

B an introduction should be completed
C the camera should be centred properly
D all of the above

91 What is the significance of the order of materials in the galvanic series

A any metal less noble will be protected by the more noble

B any metal less noble will become the cathode when connected electrically to a
more noble metal
C any metal less noble will become the anode when connected electrically to a
more noble metal
D none of the above

92 What does a CP meter actually measure

A protection levels on all structures

B potential differences
C time and therefore distance
D wall thickness

93 What is galvanic corrosion

A dissimilar metal corrosion

B crevice corrosion
C biological corrosion
D overloading of the protection system
 94 Which of the following metals would normally be used for an impressed current
auxiliary node

A magnesium
B zinc
C aluminium
D platinum

95 Which terminal of the impressed current protection power supply would be connected
to the auxiliary node

A the positive
B the negative
C either
D both

96 What would be the expected reading for an Ag/AgCl half cell on an unprotected
structure

A 550mv – 640mv
B 800mv – 1000mv
C -550mv - -640mv
D -800mv - -1000mv

97 What reading would you expect to see on a bathycorrometer when applied to an over
protected structure

A -800mv
B -900mv
C -1050mv
D -1100mv

98 Which of the following best describes the piezo electric effect

A a material which possesses this property will when subjected to a mechanical

vibration produce an electrical signal
B a material which possesses this property will when subjected to a electrical
signal produce an mechanical vibration
C a material which possesses this property will when subjected to a electrical
signal produce an mechanical vibration and vice versa
D none of the above

99 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using sacrificial systems of protection

compared to an impressed current system on offshore structures
100 With the aid of sketches show a fillet welded T joint with an included angle of 45º and
indicate on the drawing the following: heat affected zone, throat thickness, cap, toe
and leg length.

101 With the aid of sketches show a butt-welded joint and indicate the following: excess
weld metal, effective throat thickness, the weld zone, fusion zone and the root
102 Describe a complete procedure for the visual inspection of a submerged weld on an
offshore structure

103 Discuss the factors affecting depth of field in an underwater photograph

104 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods which could be
used to record the results of an underwater inspection

105 Discuss with the aid of sketches where necessary the methods of protection against
corrosion which can be used effectively below the waterline of a steel structure
106 Discuss with the aid of sketches where necessary the methods of protection against
corrosion which can be used effectively on the waterline of a steel conductor or riser

107 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of MPI over ACFM

108 Draw a box diagram of a ultrasonic thickness meter

109 Discuss the methods of corrosion protection monitoring available offshore

110 With the aid of sketches describe frequency and indicate the following: a cycle,
wavelength, high frequency waves and low frequency waves

111 Show with the aid of sketches the parallel closed loop method used in MPI showing
right hand rule and the flow of magnetism
112 Show with the aid of sketches the flux lines of a bar and a horseshoe magnet

113 Show with the aid of sketches the piezo electric effect
114 Discuss with the aid of diagrams backscatter in photography

115 Show with the aid of sketches compressive, tensile, shear stress on a member