ILOCOS SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1

COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF GALLUS GALLUS DOMESTICUS

MANURE AND BOS TAURUS MANURE TO GROWTH BEHAVIOR OF
PETCHAY

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A Science Investigatory Project

Presented to
The Faculty of the Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
Senior High School
Ilocos Sur National High School
Vigan City, Ilocos Sur

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In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Subject
Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion
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by:

DONABELLE AGCAMARAN
WINSOME REIN A. BATTAD
RISHEL A. BAUTISTA
GWYNETH DELA CRUZ
ROLAND LASUGAS
CHARLES CARPIO

2019
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Chapter I
THE PROBLEM

Introduction

The utilization of chicken manure as an organic fertilizer is essential in

improving soil productivity and crop production. We carried out the study to

assess the effects of chicken manure on soil chemical properties and the response

of application rate on the yield of spinach (Spinacia oleracea) as well as the uptake

of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. To quantify these effects, we added chicken

manure to samples of Calcisols, Arenosols and Luvisols at application rates: 5, 10,

20 and 40% chicken manure. The addition of chicken manure irrespective of

application rate did not change the acidity or pH of Calcisol, suggesting its hypo-

buffering capacity. While the results reveal increases of EC with increasing rate, at

rate above 40%, the ECs were above the critical salinity level of 4 mS/cm

indicating potential threat to soil productivity. The exchangeable bases increased

with application rate, suggesting the positive effects of chicken manure in

enhancing soil fertility. Similarly significant increase of nitrogen and phosphorus

were observed following the addition of chicken manure. Initially the spinach

yield increases up to optimum rate of 0.06, 0.07 and 0.16 g/plant for Luvisol,

Arenosol and Calcisol, respectively and subsequently drops after critical threshold

values; 15, 5 and 1% for Calcisol, Arenosol and Luvisol, respectively.

Interestingly above the rate of 40%, the yield was almost zero for all soils,

suggesting the ineffectiveness of chicken manure in enhancing soil productivity.

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Raising chickens at home is making a comeback. While a chicken can

produce an egg every 24 hours, the average hen produces something else in

abundance, one cubic foot of manure every six months (Anderson, 2010). With

more than one hen, this rapidly adds up to a significant amount of manure that has

to be managed. It can’t continue to collect in the coop, or it will harm the chickens.

Composted chicken manure provides a slow-release source of macro- and

micronutrients and acts as a soil amendment. Compared to other manures, chicken

manure and the associated litter are higher in nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and

calcium, and are also rich in organic matter (Zublena, 1993). Addition of organic

matter to soils increases a soil’s waterholding capacity, improves aeration and

drainage, reduces erosion, reduces fertilizer leaching and improves a soil’s

structure. Additionally, organic matter provides a food source for soil microbes,

which increases soil biological diversity, accelerating the breakdown of organic

nutrients into forms more readily available to plants. All of these factors can

improve plant health (Rosen, 2005).

The cow dung of the fecal pond can be pumped into the dewatering

machine by a slush pump with a defecation processor, and the water content of

cow dung is about 40% after treatment; crops such as straw and rice bran

(containing N\P\K) can also be used as fillings and then sprinkled with

biosclerosing agents. Mix 1KG of the fungicide with 20KG of water to the raw

material, then 1ton of raw material can be fermented. Flip once in 1-2 days, and

generally 7-10 days the materials can be completely ripe. Cow dung organic

fertilizer production line has the advantages of compact layout, advanced

technology, stable operation, easy maintenance; its material has wide adaptability

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and is suitable for organic compound fertilizer and biological organic fertilizer

with various proportions, which provide nutrients for the growth of plant and grow

and improve soil.

Composted cow manure fertilizer provides an excellent growing medium

for agriculture as well as for garden plants. When the cow dung is put for the

composting for several days say 3-4 weeks and when turned into compost, it is fed

to plants and vegetables. Cow dung manure becomes a nutrient-rich fertilizer

because of its satisfactory level of nutrients and fertile efficiency. It can be mixed

into the soil or used as top dressing. Most composting bins or piles are located

within easy reach of the garden to access them easily.

Pechay (Brassica rapa L. cv group Pak Choi) is an erect, biennial herb, cultivated

as an annual about 15-30 cm tall in vegetative stage. Ovate leaves are arranged spirally

and spreading. The petioles are enlarged and grow upright forming a sub cylindrical

bundle. Inflorescence is a raceme with pale yellow flowers. Seeds are 1 mm in diameter

and are reddish to blackish brown in color. Pechay has many soft, thin, light green, broad

to oblong ovate leaves. These are arrange spirally and spreading. Pechay are favorites by

most Oriental people for it is always available in the market anytime of the year. It is also

an important Constituents of Filipino food such as “puchero” and “nilaga”. It is a green

leafy vegetable rich in calcium and other essential nutrients. Its nutritional values are as

follows. The best insect pest and disease management is prevention and knowledge. Each

farm will usually have only a few insect pests and diseases that regularly infest or infect

their pechay and usually one or two regularly cause major crop loss unless actively

managed. Learning which are the major insect pests or diseases, early signs of infestation

or infection, understanding what conditions favor their growth and what are their natural

enemies lead to specific management practices that will give the best outcomes (Refer to
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the pest and disease specific factsheets for more information). However, there are some

general crop management or “cultural” practices that can be used to reduce chances of

bringing pests and diseases into crops and minimizing their spread if present. Pechay

crops that have optimal (not too much or too little) nutrition and water, and are growing in

environmental conditions that they are suited to, will grow more quickly, produce higher

yields and in general be more resistant to disease infection and outgrow damage (See the

Best Practice Guides for Pechay).

The researchers decided to do comparative effect of gallus gallus

domesticus manure and bos taurus manure to the growth behavior of pechay. If

this investigation will be conducted, all of the farmers even those non farmers can

benefit from it, because researchers can help the farmers to make a organic

fertilizer to be use instead of commercial fertilizer and also to prevent spending

more money. This organic fertilizer is also safe and to prevent pollutions because

this kind of fertilizer is friendly to environment and it’s safer to eat because of the

organic fertilizer.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to determine the comparative effects of gallus gallus

domesticus manure and bos Taurus manure on the growth behavior of pechay.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following:

1. What is the soil analysis of the experimental set-up and control set-up?

2. What is the growth behavior of pechay in terms of:

a. height of pechay,
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b. number of leaves,

c. length of leaves, and

d. number of roots?

3. Is there a significant difference between the experimental set-up and control set-

up on the growth behavior of pechay?

Significance of the Study

Organic fertilizer is a good source of nutrients for the soil. It improves the

soil's physical, chemical and biological characteristics. Since we had a problem in

pollutions we decided to study about organic fertilizer using gallus gallus

domesticos dung and bos taurus dung to decrease pollution because of commercial

fertilizer that contain elements that is bad to our environment. And also it helps

those farmers with financial problems. Moreover this study can help farmers to

lessen their daily expenses and also a big help to environment. This study may be

beneficial to the community because this will give them awareness and knowledge

regarding the additional use of gallus gallus domesticus and bos Taurus manure as

organic fertilizer especially when it comes to the hard times of the farmers and

also it is friendly to environment. Moreover, this study may also give every people

an idea that we can use manures in exchange to commercial fertilizers.

Furthermore, this study may also enhance the skills of the researchers

regarding new advances in the field of agriculture and can also help them equip

with various processes while doing this investigation. Lastly, this study may guide
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future researchers in investigating a similar topic. This will serve as a reference for

them to formulate research questions and hypotheses.

Scope and Limitations

This study is bounded to the comparative effect of gallus gallus domesticus

manure and bos Taurus manure to the growth behavior of pechay along the

following variables (1) height of pechay, (2) number of leaves, (3) length of

leaves, (4) number of roots.

The animal manure that will be collected at cow barn and chicken coop is

limited to cow manure and chicken manure. The study will have two set-ups

composting the manures which is experimental set-up and control set-up.

The study will be conducted in the months of December 2019 to February

2020 at Ilocos Sur National High School, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur. However, the

actual experimentation will be done at Cabittaogan, Santa Catalina, Ilocos Sur.

The following statistical tools were used in the analysis of data gathered:

percentage distribution, mean and t-test for independent variables.

Operational Definition of Terms

For clarification purposes, the following terms are defined for a better

understanding of the study.

Compost- this process recycles various organic materials otherwise regarded as

waste products and produces a soil conditioner.

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Organic Fertilizer- are fertilizers derived from animal matter, animal excreta,

human excreta, and vegetable matter. 

Animal Manure- any animal or plant material used to fertilize land especially

animal excreta usually with litter material.

Assumptions

This study was premised on the following assumptions:

1. The plywood made out of plastic waste materials using pyrolysis is durable

and functioning.

2. The tests and instruments that will be used are measurable.

3. The produced organic fertilizer from using two different types of manure in

means of composting will result a potential variation.

4. The variables included in the study are enough bases to determine the

difference between the experimental set-up and control set-up.

Hypothesis

Based on the statement of the problem, the following hypotheses are

considered in the study:

Ho: There is no significant difference between the experimental set-up and control

set-up on the growth behavior of pechay.

Ha: There is a significant difference between the experimental set-up and control

set-up on the growth behavior of pechay.

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ILOCOS SUR NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 10

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This section presents a detailed description that discusses the scheme of action,

process and design that informs the methods employed in the study as well as the

materials and tools obtained to execute the experimentation.

A. Materials and Equipment

The materials use in the conduct of this study are chicken (gallus gallus

domesticus), cow (bos taurus) manure, water, carbonize ricehull, plant residues

and soil garden.

In addition the equipment utilized were shovel, sprinklers, wheelbarrow

and plastic cover.

B. General Procedure/ Treatment

B.1. Collection of Materials.

Gather cow manure in the field and chicken manure in a poultry then put it

on one place when sun light is not visible. Gather soil garden on a place where our

trash buried. Plant residues can be found or gather on the farm wherein the crops is

already harvested and buy rice hull and cook it untill the color turns into black.

B.2. Preparation of Treatments

After placing it mix it with a carbonize rice hull by one is to one and after

that add water to the better and faster decomposing. Add some plant residues on

the top of it then add again some water. Again add some garden soil and add again
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a water. After that the mixed manure, garden soil, carbonize rice hull and plant

residue shaped it in rectangular form. Cover it with plastic for the heating phase

for 2 to 3 weeks. After that remove the plastic for cooling phase for 2 weeks

B.3. Application

Simply apply the fertilizer around the base of the plant, extending to the

drip line. For vegetables, place the fertilizer in a strip parallel to the planting row.

Water-soluble fertilizers are faster acting but must be applied more frequently.

B.4. Planting

Sow seeds thinly on shallow furrows across the seedbed/seed boxes, and

cover lightly with fine top soil. Do not broadcast seeds when sowing to avoid thick

germination in one place. Water the seedbed/seed box daily using a sprinkler so as

not to expose the seeds which might be eaten by insects.