3-8 A-\S Hl'o t-Rll D BjU!!E E:sr<;r Sp¡(:rr¡c..\t-r()\s, ErcH.rH F_Dr r ro\.

20 I 7

ellectire augle oiinrernal tiiction (degrees)(j.I I 5.21

intenral tiiction angle olreint-orced ñ11 {degrees) ( J. I 1.6.3 ¡
angle olintemal tiicrjrm r¡f retaineil soil (ciegrees) (3.11.-_i.6)

-1.-1.2--I-oad and Load Designation

The follo»in,u permancnr ancl transierit loact, anr.l

forces sh¿rll be considercd:

. Penranent i-oads
CR - tori:.: et-lects dLte to creep
DD .- dow ndra-g lirrce
DC .- dead load of' stnrctural cornponcnts antl
nonsirlrctural attachments
DW' - clead load ol*'earins surtaces ancl utiliries
EH ,- horizontal earlh pressure loacl
EL =. misccllaneous locked-in iirrcc eltects
resrrliinp Iirrnl tllu C(rnltrtrcti()t) ftrrecri.
inclticling .lacking apart ol cantiler,ers in
\cqntcltl J] errnst t-uCtir )1l
Et .. earth surchargc load
EV - rertical pressLlrL' tionl deacl load of e arth tlll
P.t -. secondan' titrcc-s liom post-tensioning lbr
strcngth lirrit states: rotal prcstrcs_s tirrces lbr
service limit states
SH : force effects due to shrinkage

o Transient Loads
fJ T, ' blast loacling
BR .= r'chicular braking ibrcc
ct'_ .. r ehicular ccntriit-Lgal lirrce
ct- .- r ehicr-rlar collision fbrcc
CI' -. vessel collision lorce
EQ - earlhcluake load
t'-R - fiiction krad
tC .. iec load
I,\I ., r ehicular dy namic load aliou ancc
LI ,. r'ehicLrlar live load
1,.1 .. lir e lo¿rd surcharse
PI, - peclestrian lire load
.t¿ .. tbrce elfect due to settlernent
7-G .,. f'orce r-ftect dLr.' to temircrature grailienr
TL, -. fbrcc ctlect drre io unil¡nl tcnlperatLrre
TT',1 -. u.ater ioad and stream pressure
It't, .- uind on lire load
,t.l . u inti load <tn structurc

3.-I-L0AD F.\CTORS {\D C O\TBI\ATIO\S

1."1.1-t-oad Factors and [.oad Combinations c3..l.l
Ihc rotal t-actoreil tblce eÍl-eet shall lre taken ¿rs: The backgror-rnd tbr the load f-actors speciiiecl herein.
and thc resistance táctors speciñed in other Sections oi
()-) n't t) thcsr- Specifications is deleloped in Norr,.ak 11992 l.
-4ti-,
(3.4.1- I )