BEAM REINFORCED

FOR COMPRESSON
A. Design for dimension and
steelreinforcement.

Given data:

Design moment . . . . . . . .
Width of beam. . . . . . . . . . b
Effective depth of beam. . . d
Concrete strength. . . . . . . .
Yield strength. . . . . . . . . . .

Required:
a) Moment to be carried by
compression bars. . . . . . . . . . . .
M2
b) Total steel area in tension. . . . .
As
c) Steel area in compression. . . . .
As'

Assumed:

a) Moment carried by the

compression bar
To obtain a reduction factor of 0.90,
the
max.reinforcement ratio
corresponding
to a tensile strain of 0.005 is equal
to:

b) Total steel area in tension:

From the strain diagram:

 Yield strength of steel. . . . .
From the strain diagram, Span of beam. . . . . . . . . . . L
check whether compression bars will
yield.
Required:
a) Depth of compression block . . . a

b) Ultimate moment capacity. . . . .

c) Safe uniform livelihood

it could carry. . . . . . . . . . . . .
1) When LL
Compression bars will yield

2) When
Compression bars will not yield
Use:

a) Depth of compression block:

Check if compression bars is really
needed.

c)Steel area in compression :

If compression bars will yield
If (compression bars are
needed)

Compression bars will yield if the

If compression bars will not yield following condition occurs:

where:

(steel in compression
yields)
B. Compression bars Will Yield
Given data:
Total steel area in tension:. .
Solving for a:
Steel area in compression. .
Width of beam. . . . . . . . . . b
Effective depth of beam . . . d
Concrete strength. . . . . . . .
b) Ultimate moment capacity:
If (compression bars are needed)
( )
Compression bars will yield if the
following condition occurs:

Nominal moment capacity:

( )

Ultimate moment capacity:

(steel in compression does not
yield)
c) Safe uniform liveload: Use

C. Compression Bars Will Not

Yield
Given data: Solving for a:
Total steel area in tension . . . .
Steel area in compression . . . .
Width of beam . . . . . . . . . . . . b
Effective depth of beam . . . . . d b) Ultimate moment capacity:
Concrete strength . . . . . . . . . . .
Yield strength of steel . . . . . . ( )
Span of beam . . . . . . . . . . . . L

Required:
a) Depth of compression block . . a Nominal moment capacity:
b) Ultimate moment capacity. . .
.
c) Safe uniform liveload ( )
it could carry . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LL Ultimate moment capacity:

c) Safe uniform liveload:

a) Depth of compression block: D. Balanced Condition for Beams

Check if compression bars is really needed. Reinforced for Compression and
 Tension :
Given data:
Total steel in tension . . . . . .
Steel area in compression . .
b) Balanced Steel Area :
Width of beam . . . . . . . . . . . b
Effective depth of beam . . . d
Concrete strength . . . . . . . .
Yield strength of steel . . . . .
Span of beam. . . . . . . . . . . L
Required:
a) Depth of compression block . . . a
b) Balanced Steel area . . . . . . . .
c) Maximum Amount of steel
area permitted. . . . . . . . . . . . .
a) Depth of compression block:
Balanced Steel Ratio,
(1) If compression bars will yield:
̅̅̅
(2) If compression bars will not
yield:
̅̅̅
(but not less than 0.65)
c) Maximum Amount of Steel
area
permitted:
Max.
8-A Problem:
A simply supported beam has a width
of 300 mm and an effective depth of
330 mm. It is reinforced at the bottom
with a steel reinforcement area of
2464 . Assuming
steel covering to the centroid of the
reinforcement is 70 mm. ,
.
①Determine the ratio of the depth of
compression block to the distance of
the
neutral axis from the top of the beam.
②Determine the balanced steel ratio.
③Determine the depth of
compression block.
④Determine the total compressive
force carried by concrete.
 ⑤Determine the value of the moment
reduction factor .
⑥Determine the design strength of the
beam.
⑦Determine the distance of the neutral
axisfrom the top of the beam if it is
reinforce with a steel area of 1232
, at the top in addition to the
existing steel area of 2464 at
the bottom.
⑧Determine the stress of the 0.85(34)a (300)=2464 (415)
compression bar. (depth of compression block)
⑨Determine the design strength of the
beam using moment reduction factor ④Compressive force carried by
. concrete:
⑩Determine the concentrated live load
it could carry at the mid-span in
addition to adead load of 20 kN/m
including its ownweight for a span of 6
m.
⑤Value of moment reduction factor
:
Solution:
①Ratio of depth of compression block to
the distance of the neutral axis from the
top of the beam.

②Balanced steel ratio:

③Depth of compression block:

⑥ Design strength of the beam:

⑦Distance of neutral axis from the

top of the beam if additional steel
bars are place at the top:

( )

Steel in compression does not yield:

Check wheter compression bars

will yield:

Compression bars will not yield.

when

Compression bars will yield.

when
 ( )

⑧Stress of compression bar:

⑨Design strength using reduction

factor
 ⑩ Live load it could carry: Solution:
① Ultimate moment capacity that is
allowed
for the section as singly reinforced.
.

Steel ratio:
Use

Reinforcement Needed for Depth of comp. block:

Steel area:
Beam Reinforced for
Compression bars Will Yield
9. Problem: Depth of comp. block:
A beam section is limited to a width b =
250 mm and a total depth of 550 mm. The
beam Ultimate moment capacity as singly
is subjected to a factored moment of 356 reinforced beam.
kN.m. =20.73 MPa, ,
. Use 70 mm concrete to the Ultimate moment capacity as singly
centroid of steel reinforcement.
reinforced beam.

① Determine the ultimate moment

capacity
that is allowed for the section as singly
reinforced.
② Determine the total required area of
area of reinforcement
reinforcement for tension if ② Total required area of reinforcement
compression for
fortension
tensionififcompression
compressionbars
barsare
are
bars are needed. needed.
needed.
③ Determine the required area of
reinforcement for compression.
 (it needs compression bar)

Moment to be carried by compression bars: (therefore compression bars will

yield)

Area of reinforcement for

compression:

Total area of reinforcement for tension

if comp. bars are needed: Reinforcements Needed for
Beam Reinforced for
Compression bars
Will Not Yield
③Required area of reinforcement for 9-A. Problem:
compression.
Assume Compression
A beam section bars
is limited to b =250
mm and a total depth h = 500 mm. It
(compression bars will yield)
is subjected to a factored moment
= 448 kN.m, = 27.6 MPa, =
415 Mpa. Use 80 mm concrete
covering to the center of the
reinforcing bars. 0.028.

① Determine the ultimate moment

Check if compression bars will yield: capacity that is allowed for the section
as singly reinforced.
When ② Determine the total required area of
reinforcement for tension if
section as
compression singly
bars are reinforced.
needed.
③ Determine the required area of
compression bars are needed.
reinforcement for compression.
 Solution:
① Ultimate moment capacity that is
allowed for the section as singly
reinforced.

Since
(it needs reinforcements for
compression)

Steel ratio:
Use

Steel area:

③Required area of reinforcement for

Depth of compression block: compression.

Assume compression bars will not

yield

Max. moment capacity: (Compression bars will not yield)

( )

( )

②Total required area of

reinforcement for tension if
compression bars are needed.

(comp. bars does not yield)
By ratio and proportion:
Compression bars
Will Yield
10. CE Board Nov. 2013
A concrete beam, 350 mm wide by
400 mm
Deep is simply supported on a span of
5 m.
The beam s reinforced with 4- 28 mm
bars in compression .
Given:
Concrete,
Steel,
Concrete cover to the centroid of
Reinforcements = 70 mm
Balanced steel ratio,
①Calculate the depth of the
rectangular stress block (mm)
based on a uniform compressible
stress of and maximum
concrete strain . For
sijmplification, assume both tension
and compression steel yields. Neglect
concrete area displaced by steel.
②Determine the design bending
strength, Capacity
reduction factor,
③If the beam were reinforced such
that the nominal bending strength at
factored
loads is 400 kN.m, what is the safe
concentrated live load (kN) at midspan
that the beam in addition to a total
dead load at 20kN/m can carry.
Solution:
①depth of compression block

③Safe concentrated live load at

midspan.

Since both tension and compression

bars
will yield, then

Compression Bars will

Not yield
11. CE Board Nov. 2010
A simply supported beam is reinforced
with at the bottom and
at the top of the beam.
Steel covering to centroid of
reinforcement is at the top and
bottom of the beam. The beam has a
total depth of a nd a width of
. , .
Balanced stell ratio .
②Design bending strength,
①Determine the depth of
compression block.
②Determine the design strength
using as the reduction factor.
③Determine the live load at the mid-
span in addition to a
including the weight of the beam if it
has a span of .

Solution:
①Depth of compression block:

Therefore reinforcement for

compression is needed.
Compression bars will not yield if:
(depth of compression block)

②Design strength using 0.90 as

reduction factor:

Therefore compression bars will not yield.

 ( )

③ Concentrated live load at mid-

span: