In the above expression Vnsh is given by

Vnsh=(n, An +n, Ash)

3

where,
Sub ultimate tensile strength of the bolt
the shear plane
n=number ofshear planes with threads intercepting
the shear plane
n, =number of shear planes without threads intercepting
Ayh =nominal shank area of the bolt, and
the area corresponding to root diame
threads, be taken as
Anbnet shear area of the bolt at may
of the thread.

4p (d-0.9382p), where pis pitch ofthread

=0.78d for ISOthreads.

and n, =1.
Note: In Fig. 3.11(a), per bolt, n, =l and n, =0 and in Fig. 3.11(b), per bolt, n, =1
Reduction Factors for Shear Capacity of Bolts

The code suggests the use of reduction factors for shear capacity in the following situations:

i) If the joint is too long

i) If the grip length is large
(iii) If the packing plates of thickness more than 6 mm are used.

(i) Reduction Factor for Long Joints (B)

If the distance between the first and the last bolt in the joint () measured in the direction of load excee
1Sd, the shear capacity Va, shall be reduced by the factor py given by

By =1.075-0.005
d
subjected to the limits 0.75 P,S 1.0, where dis nominal diameter of bolt.

(i) Reduction Factor if Grip Length is Lavge (P)

If the total thickness of the connected plates exceed 5 times the
capacity Vdb» shall be reduced by
diameter d of bolts, the design she
 8d
Brg3d +g
subject to conditions maximum value= Bi, where l= grip length = total thickness ofthe connected plates.

In no case , be greater than 8d.

(ii) Reduction Factor if Packing Plates are Used (B)

If packing plates of thickness more than 6 mm are used in the joint, then shear capacity is to be reduced
by a factor

Ppk=1 -0.0125 tpk

where ok=thickness of the thicker packing in mm.

Thus bearing capacityof the bolts in shear is Abs +n, A,,)Py Pu Ppk
V3

(b) Bearing Capacity of Bolts (Vdpb)

IS 800-2007 suggests the following procedure to find bearing strength of bolts:

Vdpb Vnpb
mb

wheredpb= design bearing strength

mpbnominal bearing strength
and Ynb partial safety factor ofmaterial = 1.25 (Table 2.2).

beoia
Nominal shearingstrength may be found from the following relation:
Vpb=2.5 K, dtf
e 3dP_0.25,b,
where K is smaller of 3d' 1.0
0.25,,1.0

in which e, p = end and pitch distances.

d=diameter of hole.
JuboSu= ultimate tensile stress of the bolt and plate.
d=nominal diameter of the bolt.
1
summation of the thickness of the connected plates experiencing bearing stress in the same direction.
If bolts are counter sunk, it is to be reduced
by the half depth of counter sinking.
 3.13 DESIGN PROCEDURE WITH BEARING TYPE BOLIS

SHEARING FORCES
with suitable
Determine the design (factored) action acting the joint. Then
on
select connection
that design strength is not less
di
th
at
dianne
of the bolts. Determine the strength of connection and ensure

design action. The following information is useful in the design ofjoint:

(1) Diameter of bolt hole:

16 20 22 24 30 36
Nominal size of bolts (d) in mm 12 14
18 22 24 26 33 39
Diameter of bolt hole (do) in mm 13 15
30 37 44 56 60
Outer diameter of washers in mm

(2) Area of bolt at root (4n,):

Anh0.78Ash

where Ash area of bolt at shank = d

4

(3) Properties of materials of bolts: Commonly used bolts have the following material properties (

1367):
Grade 4.6 y=240 MPa Sub 400 MPa
Grade 4.8 Syp=320 MPa Sub420 MPa

Grade 5.6 Syb=300 MPa Jub= 500 MPa

Grade 5.8 Sih=400 MPa Sub=520MPa

(4) Properties ofrolled steel sections: These values have been shown in Appendix.

3.14 EFFICIENCY OFA JOINT

It is defined as the ratio of strength ofjoint and strength of solid plate in tension. It is usuallyexpress
in percentage. Thus,
Strength of joint
efficiency 7 = x100
Strength of solid plate
Strength of solid plate is less in yielding compared to tearing of solid plate. For example, con sider

Fe 415 plates.
S=250 N/mm = 410 N/mm
Ymo.1 m=1.25
 . Design strength of solid plate per unit areca
250
(a) in yielding is x1=227.27 N/mm?
1.1

0.9x 410
(b) in rupture is -x1 = 295.2 N/mm
1.25

Hence strength of solid plate is governed by its strength in yielding.

Strength ofjoint is the smaller of strength in shear and strength in bearing.

Example 3.1

Find the efficiency of the lap joint shown in Fig. 3.16. Given: M20 boltsof grade 4.6 and Fe 410 (E 250)
plates are used.

20 mm
20 mm

60 mm1

8 0mm
60 m

30 mm

Figure 3.16

Solution:
For M20 bolts of grade 4.6,
diameter of bolt, d = 20 mm
diameter of bolt hole, do= 22 mm
Ultimate strength/h=400 MPa
Partial safety factor, nb= 1.25
For Fe 410 (E 250)
plates,
 (b) Section(2)-(2),. Anz =|b-ndo t 24g
402 x14
50-2x18+2x-
4x25

= 644 mm

Section (1)- () is weaker.

Hence plate strength
= 132250 N
Ti 0.9x448x
1.25
= 132.250 kN

Strength of bolt per 50 mm width of joint:

a) In shear = 57.949 kN

155.187 kN (As in
b) In bearing =
previous example)
Strength ofjoint 57.949 kN
=

Design action =45 kN

Design strength (57.949 kN) > Design action (45 kN)

Design is safe.

Example 3.5

Find the maximum force which can be transferred through the double covered butt jointshow
3.19. Find the eficiency of the joint also. Given M20 bolts of grade 4.6 and Fe 410 steel pa
used.

Solution:
For M20 bolts of Grade 4.16,
d 20 mm do 22 mm Jub= 400 N/mm.
For grade Fe 410 plates,s, =
410 N/mm.
 16 m
0

J0

40
30
30 200
30
30
40

All dimensions in mm
40| 60 | 60 | 40|

Figure 3.19

Shventh o bol in shavinay

Nominal strength of one bolt in shear (double shear) ssume o shea plan
LoLo cata at bott thread md the othar at bolt shan
u1xd +0.78xd
4
3
400
(1.78)x20
3 4

= 129143N

Design strength of one bolt in double shear

129143
103314 N

Design strength of joint in double shear

= 6x 103314 = 619886 N={619.886 kN

Strength of bolts in bearing:

K, is the least of the following:
Sub 1.0
-0.25, u,
3do 3do Ju

For bolts at section (3)-(3), it is least of

40 60 400
- 0.25,,1.0
3x 22 3x 22
i.e., K, = 0.6061
Hence
F o r bolts on section (2)-(2) and (1)-(1), 'e is large.
p -0.25
which is governed by
p1=Kp2 0.6591,
= 3do
Nominal strength of six bolts in bearing
0.6591 x 20x 16x 410)
3 (2.5 x 0.6061 x 20 x 16x 410) +3 (2.5 x

= 1244957N

1244957
Design strength in bearing
2Ymb
= 995965N
= 995.965 kN > 619.886 kN

103314 N
619.886 kN and strength of each bolt =

bolts in the joint

=
Strength of

Strength of plate:
the three sections.
It is to be checked along all
thicknesses of cover plates and
main plate)
16 mm (least of the
Now, =

S=410 N/mm

(a) At section (1)

-

(1)
0.9 fu 4 0.9x410(200-22)xl6
Tdn, 1.25 1.25
= 840730ON

(b) At section (2) -(2) section

(1) also has to fail. Hence strength of plate at
fails, bolt in section (1))
-

When this section

(2)-(2)
0.9x410 200-2x22x103314
Tan 1.25

840133 N)

At section (3)- (3)

bolts
Plate strength + strength of 3
Tdn=
0.9x410 (200-3x 22)x16 +3x103314
1.25

= 942851N
 Bolted Connections 61

Strength of plate in the joint =

840133 N

= 840.133 kN
strenyth Cover ploate tut sackn
Strength of joint = 619.886 kN -0 09 xfuAn
m
Maximum design force that can be transferred safely = 619.886 kN.
O4 410 A(l0-342)
25
619.886=
Permissible force at working condition=00 413.257
=
413.257 kN
kN Answer
1.5
l0t10
Design strength of solid plate = 250x00I0
200x16127272 N
=727272 N 1 1 136 KN
1.1

727.272 kN

Efficiency ofthejoint = - 619.886 x100

100 = 85.23%
85.23%= Answer
727.272

Example 3.6

Two cover plates, 10 mm and 18 mm thick are connected by a double coverbutt joint using 6 mm cover
plates as shown in Fig. 3.20. Find the strength of the joint. Given M20 bolts of grade 4.6 and Fe 415
plates are used.

6 mm cover plate
Packing plate
18 mm plate
10
mm plate

D Tacking rivet
-6 mm cover plate

40
O

O
60

40

40 60 | 40| All dimensions in mm

Figure 3.20