Results

Known Parameters :

Height of earth Retained, h = 1.5 m

Unit weight of soil = 22 kN/m2
Unit weight of concrete = 25 kN/m2
angle of internal friction of soil, φ = 25°
Slope of backfill, β = 23°
soil-wall interface friction, δ = 20°
Surcharge pressure on backfill, ws = 0 kN/m2

Wall Dimensions :

Assumed depth of foundation, d = m

Total height of the wall, H = m
Safe Bearing Capacity of soil = kN/m2

Thickness of base slab, t = mm

Thickness of stem at base = mm
Thickness of stem at top = mm
Length of heel slab including stem thickness = m
Length of toe slab = m front of the wall
Total length of base slab = m
Calculated wall sloping on the back of the wall (with the vertical) = °
 Earth Pressure analysis :

Lateral Earth Pressure Coefficients

Coefficient Coulomb's Rankine's

Active 0.64 0.646

Passive 2.464 2.464

Lateral Earth pressure due to backfill soil, Pa =64.354 kN

@ 1.003 m from bottom of heel slab.
Lateral Earth pressure due to surcharge, Ps =0 kN
@ 1.505 m from bottom of heel slab.
Resultant pressures at the base and moment of forces about the bottom of the heel.
weight and moment calculations

Force (kN) distance form heel (m) Moment (kNm)

Wall 33.375 1.24 41.259

Soil 58.386 0.6 34.97

vertical earth pressure 25.145 0 0

Total 116.906 76.229

Stability against overturning :

Overturning moment, Mo =
Net moment due to lateral earth pressure about heel = 59.416 kNm
Distance of resultant vertical force from heel = 0.652 m
Stablizing moment (about Toe), Mr = 186.816 kNm

 Factor of safety against overturning, FSoverturning = 2.83

Soil Pressure at footing base :

eccentricity of vertical reaction from CG of footing, e = 0.04 m

 resultant Pressure is acting within middle one-third of footing, so no tension in soil.

2 2
 Maximum Pressure on soil at the base 57.5 kN/m is less than safe bearing capacity of soil 200 kN/m
2
 Minimum Pressure on soil at the base = 46.416 kN/m . So, no tension at base

Check for Sliding stability:

Frictional Resistance, F = 42.55 kN

Sliding force, Fr = 59.238 kN
A shear-key has been provided to balance the sliding force:
Distance of shear-key from toe of footing = 1.2 m
Width of shear key = 300 m
Depth of shear key = 300 m
Passive resistance provided by shear key = 52.64 kN

 Factor of safety against sliding, FSsliding = 1.45

 Reinforcement Design :

Reinforcement design calculations

Toe Heel Stem

Effective thickness, (mm) 242 244 244

Design shear force, (kN/m) 36.694 21.834 37.539

Nominal Shear stress, (MPa) 0.152 0.09 0.15

Design Moment, (kNm/m) 20.575 16.182 34.825

Required % of steel for shear 0.06 0.03 0.05

Required % of steel for flexure 0.1 0.08 0.17

Area of steel required, (mm2/m) 242 195.2 414.8

Maximum spacing allowed, (mm) 831 579 272

Toe Slab :

Provide φ bars @ c/c at the bottom of the toe slab.

The bars should extend by at least a distance Ld = mm beyond the front face of the stem, on both sides.
Also provide 10 φ bars @ c/c as temperature and shrinkage reinforcement.

Heel Slab :

Provide φ bars @ c/c at the top of the heel slab.

The bars should extend by at least a distance Ld = mm beyond the rear face of the stem, on both sides.
Also provide 10 φ bars @ c/c as temperature and shrinkage reinforcement.
Stem reinforcement:

Provide φ bars @ c/c at the rear face of the stem.

The bars should extend by at least a distance Ld = mm beyond the base of the stem.
The distance of the shear-key (if provided) may be adjusted so that the stem reinforcements can be extended into the shear-key. The depth of shear key
may be increased to maintain passive resistance during this adjustment
Also provide 10 φ bars @ c/c as temperature and shrinkage reinforcement in the lower half of the stem,
and 10 φ bars @ c/c as temperature and shrinkage reinforcement in the upper half of the stem.