Machine Design I

ME 202

Spring (2022 – 2023)

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Omar Hendy

Lecture (2)
Rivets and Riveted Joints
Introduction

Rivets and Riveted joints

The joining elements are divided into two groups:
a) Permanent joints are joined by means of ( Rivets – weld – soldering )
b) Detachable joints are joined by means of ( screw – keys – pins, etc. )
Riveted Joints
Riveted joints are in the present time of less importance, they can be replaced by
welded joints. The advantage of riveting is that the strength of mating parts does not
decrease during joining.
Kinds of Rivets
There are many kinds of rivet as shown in Fig.1
Fig. 1 Types of Rivet Heads
Fig. 2 United States Standard Riveted Heads
Rivet-Materials
The rivet-material should be the same as the material of the parts to be joined. The materials of the
rivets are tabulated in Table (1).

Table (1) Rivet-Materials

Material Ultimate Stress Maximum Shear Applications

(DIN 17110) σu (N/mm2) Stress τsh
(N/mm2)
TU St 34 340 - 420 250 - 360 For cold riveting structures

MR St 34 340 - 420 250 - 360 For warm riveting.

MR St 44 440 - 520 330 - 340 Structures, boilers

Kinds of joints
The riveted joints mainly can be divided into three kinds as the following:
a) Lap joint : can be used for transmission small forces

F P
F
P/2

b) Butt joint with single-cover-plate: is used for transmission of small forces if the (a)

joining-parts cannot become lapped

F F

c) Butt joint with single-double-plate: is used for transmission of great forces.

P
P

F F P/2

(a) (b)
Kinds of seams
There are three kinds of seams are used in the industry:
a) Single seam, is used for small forces
b) Chain seam, is used for great forces
c) Diagonal seam, is used for great forces ( gives a smaller seam than a similar chain
seam ).

a) b) c)

Kinds of Seams
Length of the shank:
For rivets used in structures
Rivet diameter (d) Lsh
d
Shank length (Lsh) Lsh = 1.2 Σ S + 1.2 d
For any structure

Lsh = 1.3 Σ S + 1.5 d

For Boilers

Lsh ΣS

Relation between rivet-diameter (d) and sheet thickness (S):

Relation between rivet-diameter (d) and sheet thickness (S):
The relation between rivet-diameter and sheet thickness can be obtained from Table (2).
Table (2) relation between river-diameter (d) and sheet thickness (S)
Sheet 4-6 5-7 6-8 7 - 9 8 - 11 10 - 14 13 - 16 16 - 21 20 - 26
thickness
)(S) mm)

Rivet
Diameter 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 28 31
(d) (mm)

As primary calculation, the rivet diameter (d) can be determined from table (2) or
from the following empirical formula:

d= 5 S - 0.2 in Cm

Where: S …minimum sheet thickness in cm

Relation between rivet-diameter (d) and hole diameter(d1):

Table 3.3 : Standard Rivet Hole and Rivet Diameters

d1
13 15 17 19 21 23 25 28.5 31.5 34.5 37.5 41 44
(mm)
d
12 14 16 18 20 22 24 27 30 33 36 39 42
(mm
2) Bearing Pressure ( Pb )

Pb = F ≤ Pall
d.S.n s
Where: d …… Rivet diameter
S ... thickness of plate d
n … number of rivets b
Pball … Allowable bearing pressure for rivet material

The suitable number of rivets must determine from shear stress & bearing pressure,
and chose the largest value.

n = 4.F
π τshall.d2.m.

n = F
Pball. d . S
The suitable diameter of rivets must determine from shear stress & bearing
pressure, and chose the largest value.

d = 4.F
π τshall.n.m.

d = F
Pball. n . S

Plate stresses:

1) Tensile Stress: F F

S b

σt = F/[A-ΔA]
A = b.S , ΔA =d.s.n'
 Solved Examples
Example No.1

Two flat steel sheets are to be joined by rivets. The maximum load to be transmitted is 25000 N.
The sheets are made from St 37. Consider the loading condition is normally. Determine:
1) Cross-section of the sheet (b, S)
2) Suitable diameter and number of rivets (d , n)
3) Rivet Pitch and margin distances ( t, e1, e2 )
Solution

1) Cross-Section of the sheet

σt = F/A A = F/[V.σtall] From table (3) σtall = 160 N/mm2.

A = 25000/[ 0.75 * 160] = 208.33 mm2.

A= b.S Assume : S = 5mm

b = A/S = 208.33 /5 = 41.66 ≈ 42mm

b = 2e2 +t = 2*26 + 45.5 = 97.5 mm
Check for tensile stress (σt):
σt = F/[b.S – d.s.n']
σt = 25000/ [ 97.5*5 – 13*5*2] = 69.93 N/mm2.< 160 N/mm2.
σt < σtall
The joint is safe
Thank you