What is Inorganic Chemistry?

 Chemistry of everything except Carbon

 The chemistry of periodic table

 Subfields
 Coordination Chemistry
 Industrial Chemistry
 Organometallic chemistry
 Bioinorganic chemistry
 Materials/ solid state chemistry

 Inorganic chemistry spans many disciplines

1
 Ceramics
Refectory Materials
Semiconductors

Metallurgy
High performance
Geology alloy
Mineralogy
astrochemistry

Inorganic
Chemistry

Biology Catalysis
photosynthesis Organometallics
electron transport Heterogeneous Catalysis

Semiconductors
microfibration
electronic devices

2
1.0 Introduction
The arrangement of elements in the PERIODIC
TABLE
- Based on the increasing atomic number (Z)

Classification on the elements in PERIODIC TABLE

1. Based on Group and Period
Group: element in the vertical order
based on the numbers of electron valence

Period: element in the horizontal order

based on the highest quantum number, n

2 Block : s , p, d, f
based on the orbital in which the last electron
filled in the orbital

3. Metallic Characteristic: metal, non-metal,

metalloid
Metal : electrical and heat conductor,
shining, ductile, form basic oxide

non-metal: does not conduct electric and heat,

form acidic oxide
Metalloid : semiconductor, form Amphoteric
oxide

3
Trend of property changes in the Periodic Table

1. Atomic size
- : the distance between the nucleus with the
outermost electron – atomic radius.

Group: increases down the group

Due to increase in n (principle quantum no) ~ increase in
atomic size, decrease in the attraction of nucleus towards
outermost electron.

Period: decrease as it goes across from left right

Due to: decreases in atomic size and increases in effective
nuclear charge (Zeff)

2. Ionization energy (IE)

The energy required (absorbed) to remove an
electron completely from an atom in gas form
M(g)  M+(g) + e- H = +ve
Group: decreases as going down the group
Due to: increases in size, and decreases in Zeff , less
attraction of the outmost electron from the nucleus
and hence less energy required for the process

Period: increases from left  right

Due to: decreases in atomic size, increases in Zeff, the
outermost electron is strongly attracted by the
nucleus and hence more energy is required for the
process.

4
 Eg:

K(g)  K+ + e 1st IE = +418 kJ/mol

K+  K2+ + e 2nd IE = + 3070 kJ/mol

Notice the large difference between the two values, due to

the fact that it is obviously more difficult to ionize an electron
if the atom already bears a positive charge.

3. Electron Affinity (EA)

Energy required or released when an electron is
added into an atom in gas form

X(g) + e-  X (g)

 H =  ve : energy is released when an electron enters

into an atomic orbital;
For those atoms easily formed negative ions.
e.g : EA for halogen atoms : – ve
 H = + ve : energy required to force an electron into an
atomic orbital.
For those atoms having fully occupied electrons in the
orbitals
e.g : EA for group IIA, IVA and noble gases: +ve