1: What do you understand by structural system of a

building?

 Structural systems of Buildings are structures

which can Support's all loads and Resist all
Constraining forces winches applied on strictures
are classified into Two Types includes Super-
structures and Sub structures super structures
are all structures above the Ground like Roofs and
Sub structures are belw the Ground level like
Foundation

2: Discuss the different loads and environmental

forces acting on structural systems?
 Loads are Amounts of Weight which carried structures
in Buildings
Loads are Divided into Two Types Dead loads and live loads
Live loads are moving loads where dead loads are static loads
There are other loads which can affect the load of structures
they include Environmental loads which coursed natural
forces like wind Rain Gravity loads Snow Earthquakes
Temperature loads from fluids Engineers must aware all load
which Effects the Structures to Ovid failure and settlement of
Buildings

3: Discuss the conditions for selection of structural

systems?
 When you Need to build any structures of Buildings you
have to Know which structure the client need ? Then
you must go to the site and you will Test any factors
which Effects the structure you need to Build it in the
Client after the Test by using you vision on Aye ore
Equipment or any Testing tooling material the product
of the test can be the Type you need and possible to
build it and can be the impossible structure that can not
appropriate it
The structures which can not possible to build that site there
are many selection effects on
By depending on these;
 Soil condition
In Engineers as Defined the soil condition is Capacity of soil
which can apply to carry all loads which coming in super
structures and transfer to sub structures into the Soil
If the Soil capacity is good then you will start the Building
other hand if the soil is poor and low capacity then you can
use any steps by related on foundation like by using deep
foundation when you want to build it
 Type of Building
When you need to build you must know which Type of
Building you have build it
Buildings are designed and constructed in many purposes
one are Schools other Are Hospitals, bridges, dams, Airports
so it’s important to know the type of Building you need
 Appearance and Aesthetic Potential
This section is when you design or when you Building how
the Structural can look like it if the Structure was Hospital
and it has many house on different patient people how if you
designed in school structure its Wrong you must design the
hospital structures have different Rooms different Blocks
different window ,doors , stair cases
 Function of the Building
This Types is Related the porpoise of Building or structure
Buildings have A range of different functions, for example, a
houses to be lived in, an office serves as palace of work for
business activities, a shopping centre is for consumers
 local Construction Capabilities and preferences
Is the local buildings companies NGO Organizations buildings
  Cost of the selected systems
 Cost impact on Other Systems ○ material delivery and
construction timing

4: Briefly discuss the advantage and disadvantages of

concrete, steel, timber and precast concrete
structures?
Concrete is the mixtures of Cement sand gravel and water in
actual Ratio mixed
■ Advantages of concrete
○ High compressive Strength
○ High stiffness
○ ability to be Cast
○ Durable
○ Fire Resistant
■ Disadvantage of Concrete
○ Low Tensile Strength
○ Limited ductility
○ Low Strength to weight Ratio
○ Little Resistance to cracking
■ Advantages of Steel Structure
○ High Strength to weight Ratio
○ Recyclable
○ Flexibility
○ Inorganic
○ Speedy the Construction
■ Di Advantage of steel Structure
○ High Cost
○ Highly Conductive
○ Emotion Gases during production
■ Advantages of Timber structures
○ Quick Erection Time
○ Non Conductor heat and Sound
○ lightly Weight
○ easily converted any shape
○ Reduced site labor
■ Disadvantage of Timber structures
 ○ Not Fire Resistant
○ need permanent Maintenance
○ Susceptible to decay
○ Can Enter Decay animals
■ Advantages of precast concrete
○ More Time Efficient
○ Safety
○ Better Cost savings
○less formwork
■ Disadvantage of precast concrete
○ Very heavy members
○ Problems in connections
○ Transportation Cos
○ High Cost
5: Concrete structures are the most widely used structural
systems in our country. Why?
Concrete is one of the most commonly used structural
materials, and most buildings contain concrete in our Country .
When we talked using Concrete in our Country we are Divided
into Two Points

□ The Effect of Somalia Civil War

Was started falling siyad bare Government it Coursed
◇ Feeling Fear in Each other
◇ Lack of international Government in Somalia
□ The concrete Effect in Structural’s
Concrete have a satisfactory compressive strength and
durability in its hardened state, as well as being cohesive
enough to be transported in its fresh state.

6: What are the advantages and disadvantages of shell

and dome structures?
■ Advantages of Shell Structures
○ Curved shape naturally strong
○ Allow wide Areas to be spanned
○ No use of internal Supports
○ More Attractive in appearance
○ Easily Designed
■ Disadvantage of shell structures
○ more Cost
○ take Large Area
○ Cost of Labor high

■ Advantages of Dome Structures

○ They Completely Span Free
○ have High Ratio Thickness to span
○ good attractive design
■ Dis Advantages of Dome Structures
○ They Are Complex To Build it
○ Very large Buildings
○ Heavy materials

6= list different Buildings in Bossaso which were

constructed using precast concrete structural systems?
 7= list different Buildings in Bossaso which Comprises of
Shell and Dome strictures