Completed Idp Report PDF

TABLE OF CONTENT
1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ 7
1.1 COMPANY BACKGROUND......................................................................................... 7
1.1.1 PROJECT TITLE AND PARTIES INVOLVED......................................................8
1.1.2 ORGANIZATION CHART...................................................................................... 9
1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION.............................................................................................15
1.2.1 PROJECT LOCATION........................................................................................... 15
1.3 OVERALL SCOPE OF WORK PROJECT 1................................................................ 16
1.3.1 STRUCTURAL DESIGN....................................................................................... 16
1.3.2 INFRASTRUCTURAL DESIGN........................................................................... 19
1.3.3 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT.....................................................................20
1.4 ARCHITECTURAL PLAN............................................................................................21
1.5 DESIGN CRITERIA.......................................................................................................22
1.5.1 DESIGN CRITERIA............................................................................................... 22
2.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN REPORTS................................................................................24
2.1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................... 24
2.2 DESIGN STANDARD................................................................................................... 24
2.2.1 MAIN CODE OF PRACTICE AND STANDARD................................................24
2.2.2 DESIGN CRITERIA............................................................................................... 25
2.2.3 DESIGN CONSTRAIN...........................................................................................29
2.3 DESIGN PARAMETERS...............................................................................................31
2.4 SELECTION CRITERIA OF FOUNDATION.............................................................. 32
2.5 STRUCTURAL KEY PLAN..........................................................................................33
2.6 SUMMARY/SAMPL OF CALCULATION.................................................................. 34

2.7 DETAILING................................................................................................................... 35
2.8 CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................36
3.0 INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN REPORTS.......................................................................39
3.1 EARTHWORK DESIGN REPORT............................................................................... 39
3.1.1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 39
3.1.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATION AND CONSTRAINT............................................. 39
3.1.3 DESIGN PROPOSED SYSTEM............................................................................ 42
3.1.4 CALCULATION.....................................................................................................44
3.2 ROAD DESIGN REPORTS........................................................................................... 50
3.2.1 MASTER PLAN LAYOUT.................................................................................... 50
3.2.2 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 52
3.2.3 DESIGN CONSIDERATION................................................................................. 55
3.2.4 DESIGN OF ROAD PAVEMENT......................................................................... 57
3.3 DRAINAGE DESIGN REPORTS..................................................................................62
3.3.1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 62
3.3.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATION................................................................................. 63
3.3.4 CALCULATION.....................................................................................................66
3.4 SEWERAGE DESIGN REPORTS.................................................................................75
3.4.1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 75
3.4.2 SEWERAGE DESIGN CONSIDERATION AND CONSTRAINT...................... 75
3.4.3 DESIGN PARAMETERS AND PREPARATION OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM... 82
3.4.4 DESIGN CONCEPT............................................................................................... 84
3.4.5 DETAILS DRAWING............................................................................................ 88
3.5 WATER SUPPLY DESIGN REPORTS........................................................................ 91

3.5.1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................... 91
3.5.3 CONSTRAINT ON HEALTH, SOCIAL, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT.......96
3.5.4 LAYOUT PLAN..................................................................................................... 97
3.5.5 DESIGN PARAMETERS AND CALCULATION................................................ 99
4.0 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT..............................................................................106
4.1 BILL OF QUANTITY.................................................................................................. 107
4.2 PROJECT PLANNING................................................................................................ 108
5.0 CONCLUSION.................................................................................................................109
PRELIMINARY
Integrated design project is earlier exposure to the civil engineering students before
entering the real situation in engineer field through capstone design projects. This practice
involved dealing with designing structure components and infrastructure work designs.
Additionally, this practice also involved a parts of project management. All these practices
comprise theory, tools and technique of engineering design and creative problem solving as well
as design issues in civil engineering.
This semester, our group had been assigned to design 10 stories of Hospital Universiti
Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Puncak Alam Selangor. All structural components that had been
designed were slabs, beams, columns, pile cap and staircase. Besides that, the project
requirement comprises with infrastructure design such as earthwork, drainage system, sewerage
system, water supply system and road design. Therefore, by fulfilling these design requirement,
it helps students to enhance the ability of students to make realistic assumption in performing
structure designs whilst improving their design skills and enhancing fundamental knowledge for
student.
On the other hand, students also have been exposed to project management practice
including taking off structural elements, bill of quantities, estimation and project planning.
Therefore, these practices trained students to manage estimation of the project due to the budget
constraint. It is important aspect to the client and for the tender. Hence, all these requirements
needed were an earlier exposure to the students in preparing themselves in the construction
industry.
OBJECTIVES
 To define and formulate solution to complex design problem.

 To apply design standard with the consideration of real world constraint in particular to
the environmental responsibilities of professional engineer and matter related to
economic, legislation, safety and health, ethical, cultural and societal.
 To justify with informed reasoning and consideration on consequent responsibilities to
the society.
 To accommodate the concept of sustainable in the project design.
 To practice effective engineering management in project design.
 To demonstrate leadership skill, ability to work independently and in a team through
project design, presentation and defense of project findings.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 COMPANY BACKGROUND
Name of the company : iHope Development Sdn Bhd
Business Address : Hospital Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Bandar

Puncak Alam, 42300 Kuala Selangor, Selangor
Telephone Number : 03 - 55446769
Fax Number : 03 - 55446770
Form of Business : Consultancy
Date of Business Registration : 8th May 2005
Date of Commencement : 10th December 2005
Initial Capital : RM 1,000,000

1.1.1 PROJECT TITLE AND PARTIES INVOLVED
PROJECT TITLE : CADANGAN MEREKABENTUK, MEMBINA, MELENGKAP,

MENTAULIAH DAN MENYELENGGARA KERJA-KERJA
INFRASTRUKTUR DAN BANGUNAN UNTUK HOSPITAL
PENGAJAR UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, (ZON 1 FASA 3)
DENGAN KAEDAH PRIVATE FINANCE INITIATIVE (PFI)
In this proposed development of a 10 stories Hospital at Universiti Teknologi Mara

(UiTM), Puncak Alam Selangor, there are some initiator involved encompasses client, architect,
civil and structure engineer, mechanical and electrical engineer, quantity and land surveyor and
also landscape consultant. The details name of the initiator in this project listed as in the table
below.
PARTIES DETAIL INFORMATION
CLIENT Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM)
CONTRACTOR Seng Up Sdn Bhd
ARCHITECT MJ Architect Sdn Bhd
INTERIOR DESIGN CONSULTANT Reddotz Interiors Sdn Bhd
CIVIL AND STRUCTURE CONSULTANT iHope Development Sdn Bhd
MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL Temacon Engineering Sdn Bhd

CONSULTANT
QUANTITY SERVEYOR KAS Juru Ukur Bahan Sdn Bhd

1.1.2 ORGANIZATION CHART
Izzuren Najihah Binti Muhammad Jamil
Nur Syahirah Binti Salim Nurfarhana Binti Hussin
Nur Syarmine Dayana Binti Abas Muhamamd Akram Bin Ismail

Project Manager
Name of Partner : Izzuren Najihah Binti Muhammad Jamil
Identity Card Number : 800720-10-6696
Permanent Address : NO 256 Apartment Suria, Jalan Suria, Bandar Baru City, 41000
Shah Alam Selangor.
Telephone Number :012-1234567
Date of birth : 20 July 1980
Age :38 years
Marital Status : Married
Academic Background : Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Civil
Skills : Management, Auto Cad, Esteem, Revit
Experience : Project Manager (11 years)

Structural manager
Name of Partner : Nur Syarmine Dayana Binti Abas
Permanent Address : 12/240 Perumahan Polis Jalan Kamarudin, 20400 Kuala
Terengganu, Terengganu.
Telephone Number : 014-5225374
Date of birth : 23 Oct 1989
Age : 36 years
Marital Status : Single
Skills : Esteem, Auto Cad
Experience : Construction work (8years)

Infrastructural Manager
Name of Partner : Nur Syahirah Binti Salim
Permanent Address : No. 24, Jalan Meranti, Taman Impian Ehsan, Balakong, 43300
Seri Kembangan.
Telephone Number : 013-1234567
Date of birth : 25 June 1981
Age : 37 years
Marital Status : Married
Skills : Revit, Esteem
Experience : Consultant ( 7 years)

Highway and Traffic Manager
Name of Partner : Nurfarhana Binti Hussin
Identity Card Number : 850911086298
Permanent Address :Block 1b, T.04, U.04, Jalan P9g/7, Precint 9, Putrajaya, W.
Persekutuan, 62250
Telephone Number : 0173503957
Date of birth : 11.09.1985
Age : 33 years old
Marital Status : Single
Skills : Sidra
Experience : 5 years experiences in road and pavement construction
5 years experiences in road and traffic management

Mechanical and Electrical Manager
Name of Partner : Muhammad Akram Bin Ismail
Identity Card Number : 950920055565
Permanent Address :Lot. 1546, Kampung Sungai Machang Hilir, 71750 Lenggeng,
Seremban, Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus.
Telephone Number :013-7804258
Date of birth :20.09.1995
Age :40 years
Marital Status :Married
Skills :Borland C++
Experience :3 years working as main contractor

Consultant (8years)
1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Project includes a 10 stories hospital consists of 400 beds and commercial area;
approximately 16.3 acres of permanent open space with active greenbelts; parks; and recreational,
social, and community amenities. The dedicated open space composes approximately 44% of the
Project site. The Project is located in Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Puncak Alam Selangor.
The Project is approximately 0.5 miles to the east of Persiaran E1/1, and about 1 miles north of
Bandar Puncak Alam (See Figure 1.1 below)
Our project is categorized as commercial premises since the project constructed provide
services and intended to generate profits.
1.2.1 PROJECT LOCATION
Figure 1.1 : The Satellite View

1.3 OVERALL SCOPE OF WORK PROJECT 1
1.3.1 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
a) Slab
Slab is a very important structural element where it is constructed to provide flat, and
useful surface. It is a horizontal structural component, with top and bottom surfaces parallel or
near so. Slab behaves like bending element as a beam. Generally, the design of a slab is almost
similar to the design of the beam. The slab provides a horizontal surface and usually supported
by columns, beam or walls. Furthermore, slab can be categorized into two main types which is
one-way slab and two-way slab. One-way slab is the basic and common type of slab design.
One-way slab is the basic and common type of slab design. Moreover, one-way slab is supported
by two opposite side and bending occurs in one direction only. While, two-way slabs are
supported on four sides and bending occurs in two directions. One-way slab is design as
rectangular beam placed side by side.
However, slab supported by four sides may assume as one-way slab when rotation of the
length to the width of the two perpendicular sides exceed 2. Two-way slabs carry the load to two
directions and bending moment in each direction is less than bending moment of one-way slab.
Thus, two-way slab has less deflection than one-way slab and the calculation is more complex
for the two-way slab.
b) Beam
Beam is a structural element that primarily resists loads applied laterally to the beam's
axis. Its mode of deflection is primarily by bending. The loads applied to the beam result in
reaction forces at the beam's support points. Beam can be classified as a member that mainly
subjected to the flexural and it is essential to focus on the analysis of the bending moment, shear
and deflection. When the bending moment acts on the beam, bending strain is produced. The
resisting moment is developed by the internal stresses. Under positive moment, compressive
strains are produced on the top of the beam and tensile strain at the bottom of the beam. Concrete
is a poor material for tensile and it is not suitable for flexural member itself. The tension side of
the beam would fail before compression side failure when beam is subjected to bending moment
without reinforcement. Therefore, steel reinforcement is placed on the tensile side. The steel
reinforcement resists all the tensile bending stress because the tensile strength of the concrete is
zero when crack develop. In the Ultimate Strength Design (UDS), a rectangular stress block is
assumed. The design of beam is initiates by the calculation of moment strength controlled by
column and steel. The most common shape of concrete beam is single reinforced beam,
rectangular beam, doubly reinforced beam, T-shaped beam, spandrel beam and joist.
c) Column
A column can be defined as a vertical structural member designed to transmit a

compressive load. A Column transmits the load from ceiling/roof slab and beam, including its
own weight to the foundation. Hence it should be realized that the failure of a column results in
the collapse of the entire structure. The design of a column should therefore receive importance.
The function of column is to transfer the load from slabs to beam and from the beam to
foundation as well as soils. Column support the primarily axial load and in some cases also
bending moments. The combination of axial loads and bending moments defined the
characteristics of the column and calculation method. A column subjected to large axial force
and minor moment is design mainly for axial load and the moment produce a small effect. A
column is subjected to significant bending moment designed for the combined effect. Reinforced
concrete columns are categorized into five main cross-sections which are rectangular tied column,
rectangular spiral column, round tied column, round spiral column and column geometry.
d) Foundation
Foundation is the lowest part of building structure and also known as substructure element. A
foundation is a structure that transfers the load to the earth. Foundation is generally categorizes
into two which are shallow foundation and deep foundation.
 Shallow foundation
A shallow foundation is a type of foundation which transfers building loads to the earth
very near to the surface, rather than to a subsurface layer or a range depth as does a deep.
Shallow foundation includes spread footing, mat- slab, slab-on-grade, pad foundation,
rubble trench foundation and earth bag foundation.
 Deep foundation
A deep foundation is used to transfer the load of a structure down through the upper weak
layer of topsoil to the stronger layer of subsoil below. There are different types of deep
foundation including impact driven piles, drilled shafts, caissons, helical piles, geo-piers
and earth stabilized columns. The naming conventions for different types of footings vary
different engineers.
e) Staircase
Stairs are the system of steps that allows the passage of people and objects from one level
to another level. The staircase is built according to the basic rules and the principles intended to
make them safe to use. The rules, governed by building codes, stipulate the permissible height of
risers and width of threads, placement of handrails and similar concern. The staircase also can
made from timber, concrete and sometimes steel or stone aluminium and with the modern
technology and materials even glass. There are many different types of staircase that differing
their materials, construction method and the general shape of the design.
1.3.2 INFRASTRUCTURAL DESIGN
a) Earthwork
Earthwork consist of all necessary site clearing and grubbing, excavation and backfill for
structures and trenches, site grading, grassing and restoration, as well as related work as shown
on the plans. All earthwork shall be confined to the construction area and shall be done in an
approved manner with proper equipment.
b) Road and Drainage
Roads make a crucial contribution to economic development and growth and bring
important social benefits. In addition, providing access to employment, social, health and
education services makes a road network crucial in fighting against poverty.
Drainage systems can be defined as subsurface and surface. Surface drains are designed
to remove excess runoff from the land which would otherwise cause localized flooding.
c) Sewerage
Sewerage is applied to the contents of sewer carrying the waterborne wastes of a

community. Sewerage systems convey domestic and industrial wastewaters, and runoff from
precipitation, safely and economically to a point of disposal.
e) Water supply
A water supply system is system of engineered hydrologic and hydraulic component. A water
supply system includes:
 A drainage basin
 A raw water collection point
1.3.3 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
a) Bill of Quantities
The bill of quantities is a document prepared by quantity surveyor that provides project
specific measured quantities of the items of work identified by the drawings and specifications in
the tender documentation.
b) Project Planning
Project planning is part of project management, which relates to the use of schedules to
plan and subsequently report progress within the project environment. Project planning is often
used to organize different areas of a project, including project plans, workloads and the
management of teams and individuals.
1.4 ARCHITECTURAL
PLAN
1.5 DESIGN CRITERIA
1.5.1 DESIGN CRITERIA
NO. ITEM DESCRIPTION
Eurocode
Eurocode : Basic of structural design
BS EN 1990:2002
Eurocode 1 : Actions on structures
BS EN 1991-1-1:2002
Part1-1 : General actions- Densities, sellf-
1. Design Code weight, imposed loads for buildings.
Eurocode 2 : Design of concrete structures
BS EN 1992-1-1:2005
Part 1-1 : General rules and rules for buildings
Eurocode 3 : Design of steel structures
BS EN 1993-1-1:2005
Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
Reinforced Concrete, fck = 30 N/mm2

2. Structural Material
High Yield Steel, fyk = 460 N/mm2
Hospital wards = 2.0 kN/m2
3. Imposed Loads Toilet = 2.0 kN/m2
Water Tank = 9.24 kN/m2
Reinforced Concrete = 25 kN/m2
4. Dead Load Brick wall = 2.6 kN/m2
Floor finishes = 1.5 kN/m2
5. Fire Resistance Requirement 1 hour for superstructure elements
6. Factored Load 1.35 Gk(Dead Load) + 1.5 Qk(Imposed Load)

2.0 STRUCTURAL
DESIGN REPORT
2.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN REPORTS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 DESIGN STANDARD
2.2.1 MAIN CODE OF PRACTICE AND STANDARD
The following list of design codes and procedures are used for this design and the necessary
calculation may be found later in this report.
1. Eurocode : Basis of structural design

a. BS EN 1990:2002
2. Eurocode 1 : Actions on structures
a. BS EN 1991-1-1:2002
b. Part1-1 : General actions- Densities self-weight, imposed loads for buildings.
3. Eurocode 2 : Design of concrete structures
a. BS EN 1992-1-1:2004
b. Part1-1 : General rules and rules for building
c. Part1-1 : General rules and rules for building
4. Tables of dimensions and section properties
5. UBBL – Uniform Building By Law (Malaysia)
6. Water Supply – Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara, Design Guidelines for Water
System
7. Drainage – Drainage and Irrigation Department, Urban Storm Water Management
Manual for Malaysia(MSMA)
8. Road Pavement – JKR Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 5/85 “Manual on Pavement Design”
2.2.2 DESIGN CRITERIA
Eurocode
Eurocode : Basic of structural design
BS EN 1990:2002
Eurocode 1 : Actions on structures
BS EN 1991-1-1:2002
Part1-1 : General actions- Densities, sellf-weight,
1. Design Code imposed loads for buildings.
Eurocode 2 : Design of concrete structures
BS EN 1992-1-1:2005
Part 1-1 : General rules and rules for buildings
Eurocode 3 : Design of steel structures
BS EN 1993-1-1:2005
Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
Reinforced Concrete, fck = 30 N/mm2

2. Structural Material
Hospital wards = 2.0 kN/m2
3. Imposed Loads Toilet = 2.0 kN/m2
Water Tank = 9.24 kN/m2
Reinforced Concrete = 25 kN/m2
4. Dead Load Brick wall = 2.6 kN/m2
5. Fire Resistance Requirement 1 hour for superstructure elements
6. Factored Load 1.35 Gk(Dead Load) + 1.5 Qk(Imposed Load)

Main Design formula

2.2.2.1.1 1.
Reinforcement Valid only for fck ≤ C50/60
Design
th
Limiting value, Kbal=0.167
If K≤ Kbal , compression reinforcement is not required (singly

reinforced)
h
Z= d 0.5 + 0. 5 . ͳ
≤ 0.95d
As= 0. ͺ ͹h݂
If K> Kbal, compression reinforcement is required (doubly

reinforced section
h
Z= d 0.5 + 0. 5
. ͳ
≤ 0.95d
h th
As’ 0. ͺ ͹h
Check d’/d
If d’/d ≤ 0.171
h th
As= 0. ͺ ͹h ݂ h
+ th
If d’/d > 0.171

h th ht
As= 0. ͺ ͹h ݂ h
+ th
0. ͺ ͹h
Where,
fsc= 700
x= 0.
Shear Vrdc= 0. h 00 th Vmin

2.2.2.1.2 2. ͳ
resistance of
= 0.0ͳ5hͳ th
the concrete,
00
Vrdc k= + ≤ 2.0 d in mm
tt
pl= ≤ 0.02
Asl is the area of tensile reinforcement, which extends ≥ (lbd +

d) beyond the section considered bw is the smallest width of
the cross section in the tensile area.
Maximum 0.ͳc
th
th
2.2.2.1.3 3. Vrd,max= 50
cot Ø+th Ø
(22o≤ Ø ≤45o)
shear
resistance,
VRd,max, If VEd≤VRd,max (Ø=22o)
Reference : BS Therefore, design shear links

EN 1991-1-1:
2004 (Section If VED>VRd,max (Ø=22o)
6.2.3) Recalculate VRd,max (Ø=45o) and compare with VEd
If VEd≤VRd,max (Ø=45o)
Ø=0.5h th
0. th
50
If VED>VRd,max (Ø=45o), redesign the section
Deflection If ρ ≤ ρo
2.2.2.1.4 4.
Control ͳ
l/d= + .5 th + ͳ. th ….. (equation 1)
Refence: BS
EN 1992-1-1:
2004 Section if ρ ≥ ρo
7.4.1
l/d = + .5 th + th ………..(equation 2)
Where:
l/d is limit span/depth
K is the factor to take into account the different structural
systems
ρo is the reference reinforcement ratio = 10-3 th
ρ is the required tension reinforcement ration at mid-span to
resist the moment due to the design loads ( at support
cantilevers)
ρ’ is the required compression reinforcement ratio at mid-span to
resist the moment due to design loads (at support cantilevers)
fck is in MPa units
Crack Control fs=

͹h h+0.ͳ h
2.2.2.1.5 5. . 5 .ͳ5 h+ .5 h
Reference: BS
EN 1992-1-1 :
Where,
2004 Section
Steel grade, fyk= 460n/mm2
7.3
Permanent load, Gk
Variable load, Qk
2.2.3 DESIGN CONSTRAIN
A constraint is a condition, agency or force that impedes progress towards an objective or

goal. There are a number of different types of constraint that can affect construction projects.
Constraints should be identified, and described in as much detail as possible during the early
stages of a project, so that awareness of them and their potential impact can be managed. This
includes understanding the dynamics of the project and how different constraints interrelate, as
well as being clear about any potential risks and who is responsible for them.
Design constraints are factors that limit the range of potential design solutions that can be
adopted. In the early stage of a project only some of these constraints may be known, while
others become apparent as the design progresses. Design constraints may be inherent in the type
of building required, or the site, or they may be imposed by the client or a third party.
Design constraints could include (among many others):
 Available technology, skills, plant, materials, labour and so on.

 The budget.
 Specific performance requirements.
 Site form, boundaries, conditions and neighbouring properties.
 Site access, rights of way, rights to light and so on.
 Local infrastructure.
 Planning and building regulations restrictions.
 Completion date.
 Local climatic conditions.
Technical constraints generally refer to the processes involved in completing construction

activities, and are often based on the practicality of building methods and standards. For example,
in constructing a foundation, the site must be levelled before excavation can take place; then
formwork and reinforcement can be placed before concrete is poured. Each task must be
completed before the next can begin.Therefore each task acts as a constraint on the next task.
Economic constraints relate to the project budget and the allocation of resources. If the
budget is inadequate, or is allocated inappropriately, then it can have a negative impact on the
success of the project in terms of quality, safety, functionality and performance. Construction
projects are generally a balance between time, cost and quality. A change in one will impact on
the other two. Economic constraints relate not just to the overall budget, but also to the cash flow
through the supply chain. Clients must have available funds to pay for works as they proceed,
and prompt payments must be made through the contractual chain. Cash flow is one of the main
causes of bankruptcy in the construction industry, and having to find new contractors,
subcontractors or suppliers part way through a project can cause very significant delays and
additional costs.
Next time constraint, these include key dates on the project schedule or project
milestones. Conforming with these dates is generally very important in terms of the overall
project completion date, and penalties may be applied for failure to meet agreed dates. However,
where there are delays that are not the contractor's fault, they may be granted an extension of
time, pushing agreed dates back. See extension of time for more information. Contracts can
specify the earliest date on which a task should be completed (‘no earlier than’); the date by
which a task should be completed (‘no later than’); and the exact date on which a task must be
completed (‘on this date’). Phased projects may include multiple start and completion dates.
Other time constraints may be imposed by third parties, such as; planning permission expiry
dates, or the need to start or complete work before changes in legislation come into force (such
as changes to the building regulations).
After that, social constraints include factors that may arise as a result of wider interest in
or opposition to a project. Public concern and media pressure can often impose greater scrutiny
and tighter constraints on a project, and can sometimes result in major alterations to the original
plans. These kinds of constraints on the part of the public are often labelled as ‘not in my
backyard’, or ‘nimbyism’. Projects funded using public money are often subject to social
constraints, as there tends to be greater interest in cost escalations, delays and so on.
Last is environmental constraints, which include limiting factors concerning on the:
 use of sustainable or hazardous materials,

 energy consumption and carbon emissions,
 air, water or ground pollution or contamination,
 waste and water management, noise, vibration, and dust.
 Traffic and transport.
 Preservation of ecology.
 Resilience to climate change.
 Design for deconstruction and disposal.
These can often overlap with legal constraints, but additional requirements may be set out in
client environmental policies.
2.3 DESIGN PARAMETERS
List of Imposed Load

No. Area Loading (KN/m2)
1. Hospital Wards 2.0
2. Bedrooms 2.0
3. Rooms that contain bed 2.0
4. Staff changes 2.0
5. Bathroom and toilet 2.0
6. Pantry/kitchen 2.0
7. Relative way 2.0
8. Prayer room 3.0
9. Seminar room/class room 3.0
10. Office/management 3.5
11. Playroom 3.0
12. Registration/Reception/Post guard 3.0
13. Ambulance Transfer 2.5
14. Lounge 3.0
15. Waiting room 3.0
16. Corridor 3.0
17. Area with medical equipment 4.0
18. Library 4.0
19. Storage/general supply 4.0
20. AHU room/heat machine/M&E 4.0
21. Water Tank 0.75
No. Item Description

1. Structural Material Reinforced Concrete, fck = 30 N/mm2
2. Dead Load Reinforced Concrete = 25 kN/m2
Brick wall = 2.6 kN/m2
2.4 SELECTION CRITERIA OF FOUNDATION
Selection criteria for foundation for buildings depend on two factors which is factors
related to ground (soil) conditions and factors related to loads from the structure. Pile
foundations are used extensively for the support of buildings, bridges, and other structures to
safely transfer structural loads to the ground and to avoid excess settlement or lateral movement.
They are very effective in transferring structural loads through weak or compressible soil layers
into the more competent soils and rocks below. Based on the site investigation of construction
area, the bore-hole data collected interpret the soil condition of the site. Regarding to the type of
the project which is high rise building, concrete pile are chosen to be used as foundation of this
building. Sizes of pile are design according to the working load of the building to be transfer to
the ground. The depth of pile for critical point of the piling area based on calculation is 19.5m
from the ground which is suitable depth for the building foundation. Design of the pile shows the
450mm diameter spun pile are sufficient to become a foundation because of the requirement for
the shear and safety are pass to cater the load of the building.
2.5 STRUCTURAL KEY
PLAN
2.6 SUMMARY/SAMPLE
OF CALCULATION
2.7 DETAILING
2.8 CONCLUSION
In conclusion, there are differences between manual and ESTEEM software in designing
a project. This is because the design value using manual calculation has a bigger value compare
than using Esteem software. These are due to the factor monitored in interpretation of result. The
comparison between those is only for checking. The purpose is to check whether the structure
element is passing requirement and for determine which one is much better economical.
As a result while doing IDP project, students will have great experiences after doing
complex design by using manual calculation and ESTEEM software. Hence, in the future if
software corrupted, the design still can be done by manual calculation. The manual calculation is
also acting as checking medium. In the other hand, the subject enhanced the technical skills and
communication skills among student throughout the presentation. The design practiced in this
project is contributing great help for students in their future job.
3.0 INFRASTRUCTURE
DESIGN WORK
3.1 EARTHWORK
DESIGN REPORT
3.0 INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN REPORTS
3.1 EARTHWORK DESIGN REPORT
3.1.1 INTRODUCTION
Title of this project is Cadangan Merekabentuk, Membina, Melengkap, Mentauliah Dan

Menyelenggara Kerja-Kerja Infrastruktur Dan Bangunan Untuk Hospital Pengajar Universiti
Teknologi Mara, (Zon 1 Fasa 3) Dengan Kaedah Private Finance Initiative (PFI) which located
at Bandar Puncak Alam, 42300 Kuala Selangor, Selangor. The aims of the report are to produce
elevation of a surface by the removal or addition of surface material. Economic considerations
are as important as other design control and element of design. Consideration in cut and fill
balance along with minimizing earthwork may significantly decrease construction cost. In
practice, one way to reduce the amount of earthwork is to set grade line as closely as possible to
the ground line while also considering cut and fill balance. However, this practice may
misleading since balancing is achieved along the centerline of the road. in reality, the centerline
ground elevation rarely represents the whole cross section in terms of cut and fill balancing.
For site preparation, the soil requires to cut if the existing level is higher than proposed
level. On the other hand, soil requires filling if the existing level is lower than proposed level.
The proposed level was adjusted in order to obtain balance cut and fill which is the percentage
difference is not more than 10%.
3.1.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATION AND CONSTRAINT
Common earthwork method is used to obtain the optimum proposed level in order to
utilize the cut and fill volume unless if the proposed level is already stated. In the early stage,
information such as proposed building location, contour, existing road level, drainage invert
level and surrounding site should be take into consideration. The proposed level for our project is
41.37m. Meanwhile the platform level is 42.01 having thickness road 640mm (exclusive
thickness sub-grade).
The standard and code of practice that been used are as listed below:
 BS 6031 Code of Practice for Earthwork

 BS 8004 Code of Practice for Foundation
 BS 1337 British Standard Method of Test for Soil for Civil Engineering
Equation:
Legend
E Existing Level
P Platform Level
C Cut
F Fill
1 20 2
A E 44.50 44.00
P 41.37 41.37
C 902
20 F 0
P 41.37 41.37
E 43.25 42.75
B
Cut/Fill = {[(EA1-PA1)+(EA2-EP2)+(EB1-PB1)+(EB2-PB2)]/4} X 20 X 20
= {[(44.50-41.37)+(44.00-41.37)+(43.25-41.37)+(42.75-41.37)]/4} X20 X 20
= 902m3
Notes; Cut = positive answer
Fill = negative answer
The method used to estimate the value of cut and fill of earthwork is grid method. 20m x
20m square grid is constructed to estimate the required cut and fill volume for the sub area. The
spot height level at each corner of the grid is obtained by interpolation between the contour lines
of the site.
There are some constraints that must take into consideration in earthwork design. The
contractor shall allow in his contract price for his compliance with the requirements of this
section (earthwork) and for all other things necessary to complete the required earthworks. He
shall allow and be responsible for making all necessary temporary works complete and safe for
the purpose of the earthworks. In this respect he shall conduct site investigation, prepare
adequate design, make statutory submissions, construct, test monitor and subsequently remove
all necessary temporary works to the satisfaction of both the Engineer and Local Authority.
The contractor’s method of the construction shall comply with the stricter of either
statutory limits imposed on lateral and vertical ground movements, construction noise, vibration
and air pollution levels, or such limits necessary for the adequate protection and proper
functioning of the neighboring roadways, buildings and their facilities as agreed with the
Engineer. The contractor’s compliance with these limits shall not relieve him of his sole
responsibility for all consequential damages to adjoining structures, roads and other properties
caused by the excavation works.
The contractor and his Professional Engineer shall supervise the performance of all
temporary works and monitor lateral and vertical ground movement including related parameters
such as ground water table level etc. All performance measurements shall be recorded and made
available to the Engineer for his record. The Contractor shall be responsible for and execute in a
timely manner all corrective measures made necessary due to either his failure to comply with
the specified and/or statutory limits imposed on permissible lateral and vertical ground
movements or any other inadequacy in his design and/or construction of the temporary works.
3.1.3 DESIGN PROPOSED SYSTEM
Cross section A-A

Existing
Interval Proposed Level
Level
20 39 41.37
40 39 41.37
60 39.25 41.37
80 38.75 41.37
100 40.75 41.37
120 42 41.37
140 43 41.37
160 43.75 41.37
180 44.25 41.37
200 44.5 41.37
220 45 41.37
240 45.5 41.37
Cross section B-B
Proposed
Interval Existing Level
Level
20 38.75 41.37
40 40 41.37
60 40.25 41.37
80 41 41.37
100 41.25 41.37
120 41.75 41.37
140 41.75 41.37
160 42 41.37
180 41.75 41.37
200 40.5 41.37
220 40.5 41.37
240 42.5 41.37
260 43.25 41.37
280 43.25 41.37
300 44 41.37
320 44.25 41.37
3.1.4 CALCULATION
HEIGHT Before (-) FL After (-) FL

AVERAGE
GRID CUT/FILL
1 2 3 4 HEIGHT FILL CUT FILL CUT
1 44.50 44.00 43.25 42.75 43.63 CUT 0.00 43.63 0.00 -2.26
2 44.00 43.75 42.75 43.00 43.38 CUT 0.00 43.38 0.00 -2.01
3 43.75 43.75 43.00 43.25 43.44 CUT 0.00 43.44 0.00 -2.07
4 43.75 43.75 43.25 43.50 43.56 CUT 0.00 43.56 0.00 -2.19
5 43.75 44.50 43.50 43.75 43.88 CUT 0.00 43.88 0.00 -2.51
6 44.50 45.25 43.75 44.50 44.50 CUT 0.00 44.50 0.00 -3.13
7 45.25 45.50 44.50 45.00 45.06 CUT 0.00 45.06 0.00 -3.69
8 45.50 45.50 45.00 45.25 45.31 CUT 0.00 45.31 0.00 -3.94
9 45.75 45.50 45.25 45.00 45.38 CUT 0.00 45.38 0.00 -4.01
10 45.50 44.00 45.00 43.00 44.38 CUT 0.00 44.38 0.00 -3.01
11 44.00 42.00 43.00 42.00 42.75 CUT 0.00 42.75 0.00 -1.38
12 42.00 44.00 42.00 44.00 43.00 CUT 0.00 43.00 0.00 -1.63
13 44.00 45.50 44.00 45.25 44.69 CUT 0.00 44.69 0.00 -3.32
14 45.50 45.75 45.25 46.00 45.63 CUT 0.00 45.63 0.00 -4.26
15 45.75 46.75 46.00 46.50 46.25 CUT 0.00 46.25 0.00 -4.88
16 43.25 42.75 42.00 42.00 42.50 CUT 0.00 42.50 0.00 -1.13
17 42.75 43.00 42.00 42.50 42.56 CUT 0.00 42.56 0.00 -1.19
18 43.00 43.25 42.50 43.00 42.94 CUT 0.00 42.94 0.00 -1.57
19 43.25 43.50 43.00 43.50 43.31 CUT 0.00 43.31 0.00 -1.94
20 43.50 43.75 43.50 43.75 43.63 CUT 0.00 43.63 0.00 -2.26
21 43.75 44.50 43.75 44.50 44.13 CUT 0.00 44.13 0.00 -2.76
22 44.50 45.00 44.50 44.50 44.63 CUT 0.00 44.63 0.00 -3.26
23 45.00 45.25 44.50 44.50 44.81 CUT 0.00 44.81 0.00 -3.44
24 45.25 45.00 44.50 43.50 44.56 CUT 0.00 44.56 0.00 -3.19
25 45.00 43.00 43.50 42.00 43.38 CUT 0.00 43.38 0.00 -2.01
26 43.00 42.00 42.00 41.50 42.13 CUT 0.00 42.13 0.00 -0.76
27 42.00 44.00 41.50 43.00 42.63 CUT 0.00 42.63 0.00 -1.26
28 44.00 45.25 43.00 45.00 44.31 CUT 0.00 44.31 0.00 -2.94
29 45.25 46.00 45.00 45.50 45.44 CUT 0.00 45.44 0.00 -4.07
30 46.00 46.50 45.50 46.00 46.00 CUT 0.00 46.00 0.00 -4.63
31 42.00 42.00 41.00 41.50 41.63 CUT 0.00 41.63 0.00 -0.26
32 42.00 42.50 41.50 41.75 41.94 CUT 0.00 41.94 0.00 -0.57
33 42.50 43.00 41.75 42.00 42.31 CUT 0.00 42.31 0.00 -0.94
34 43.00 43.50 42.50 43.00 43.00 CUT 0.00 43.00 0.00 -1.63
35 43.50 43.75 43.00 43.50 43.44 CUT 0.00 43.44 0.00 -2.07
36 43.75 44.50 43.50 41.00 43.19 CUT 0.00 43.19 0.00 -1.82
37 44.50 44.50 44.00 44.25 44.31 CUT 0.00 44.31 0.00 -2.94
38 44.50 44.50 44.25 44.00 44.31 CUT 0.00 44.31 0.00 -2.94
39 44.50 43.50 44.00 43.00 43.75 CUT 0.00 43.75 0.00 -2.38
40 43.50 42.00 43.00 41.00 42.38 CUT 0.00 42.38 0.00 -1.01
41 42.00 41.50 41.00 42.00 41.63 CUT 0.00 41.63 0.00 -0.26
42 41.50 43.00 42.00 44.00 42.63 CUT 0.00 42.63 0.00 -1.26
43 43.00 45.00 44.00 45.00 44.25 CUT 0.00 44.25 0.00 -2.88
44 45.00 45.50 45.00 45.50 45.25 CUT 0.00 45.25 0.00 -3.88
45 45.50 46.00 45.50 45.50 45.63 CUT 0.00 45.63 0.00 -4.26
46 41.00 41.50 40.75 41.00 41.06 FILL 41.06 0.00 0.31 0.00
47 41.50 41.75 41.00 41.25 41.38 CUT 0.00 41.38 0.00 -0.01
48 41.75 42.50 41.25 42.00 41.88 CUT 0.00 41.88 0.00 -0.51
49 42.50 43.00 42.00 42.50 42.50 CUT 0.00 42.50 0.00 -1.13
50 43.00 43.50 42.50 43.00 43.00 CUT 0.00 43.00 0.00 -1.63
51 43.50 44.00 43.00 43.25 43.44 CUT 0.00 43.44 0.00 -2.07
52 44.00 44.25 43.25 43.75 43.81 CUT 0.00 43.81 0.00 -2.44
53 44.25 44.00 43.75 43.00 43.75 CUT 0.00 43.75 0.00 -2.38
54 44.00 43.00 43.00 41.00 42.75 CUT 0.00 42.75 0.00 -1.38
55 43.00 41.00 41.00 40.75 41.44 CUT 0.00 41.44 0.00 -0.07
56 41.00 42.00 40.75 41.50 41.31 FILL 41.31 0.00 0.06 0.00
57 42.00 44.00 41.50 43.50 42.75 CUT 0.00 42.75 0.00 -1.38
58 44.00 45.00 43.50 44.50 44.25 CUT 0.00 44.25 0.00 -2.88
59 45.00 45.50 44.50 45.00 45.00 CUT 0.00 45.00 0.00 -3.63
60 45.50 45.50 45.00 45.50 45.38 CUT 0.00 45.38 0.00 -4.01
61 40.75 41.00 40.25 40.50 40.63 FILL 40.63 0.00 0.74 0.00
62 41.00 41.25 40.50 41.00 40.94 FILL 40.94 0.00 0.43 0.00
63 41.25 42.00 41.00 41.75 41.50 CUT 0.00 41.50 0.00 -0.13
64 42.00 42.50 41.75 42.25 42.13 CUT 0.00 42.13 0.00 -0.76
65 42.50 43.00 42.25 42.50 42.56 CUT 0.00 42.56 0.00 -1.19
66 43.00 43.25 42.50 43.00 42.94 CUT 0.00 42.94 0.00 -1.57
67 43.25 43.75 43.00 43.00 43.25 CUT 0.00 43.25 0.00 -1.88
68 43.75 43.00 43.00 42.00 42.94 CUT 0.00 42.94 0.00 -1.57
69 43.00 41.00 42.00 40.75 41.69 CUT 0.00 41.69 0.00 -0.32
70 41.00 40.75 40.75 40.75 40.81 FILL 40.81 0.00 0.56 0.00
71 40.75 41.50 40.75 42.50 41.38 CUT 0.00 41.38 0.00 -0.01
72 41.50 43.50 42.50 43.50 42.75 CUT 0.00 42.75 0.00 -1.38
73 43.50 44.50 43.50 44.00 43.88 CUT 0.00 43.88 0.00 -2.51
74 44.50 45.00 44.00 44.50 44.50 CUT 0.00 44.50 0.00 -3.13
75 44.00 45.50 44.50 44.75 44.69 CUT 0.00 44.69 0.00 -3.32
76 40.25 40.50 38.75 40.00 39.88 FILL 39.88 0.00 1.50 0.00
77 40.50 41.00 40.00 40.25 40.44 FILL 40.44 0.00 0.93 0.00
78 41.00 41.75 40.25 41.00 41.00 FILL 41.00 0.00 0.37 0.00
79 41.75 42.25 41.00 41.25 41.56 CUT 0.00 41.56 0.00 -0.19
80 42.25 42.50 41.25 41.75 41.94 CUT 0.00 41.94 0.00 -0.57
81 42.50 43.00 41.75 41.75 42.25 CUT 0.00 42.25 0.00 -0.88
82 43.00 43.00 41.75 42.00 42.44 CUT 0.00 42.44 0.00 -1.07
83 43.00 42.00 42.00 41.75 42.19 CUT 0.00 42.19 0.00 -0.82
84 42.00 40.75 41.75 40.50 41.25 FILL 41.25 0.00 0.12 0.00
85 40.75 40.75 40.50 40.50 40.63 FILL 40.63 0.00 0.74 0.00
86 40.75 42.50 40.50 42.50 41.56 CUT 0.00 41.56 0.00 -0.19
87 42.50 43.50 42.50 43.25 42.94 CUT 0.00 42.94 0.00 -1.57
88 43.50 44.00 43.25 43.25 43.50 CUT 0.00 43.50 0.00 -2.13
89 44.00 44.50 43.25 44.00 43.94 CUT 0.00 43.94 0.00 -2.57
90 44.50 44.75 44.00 44.25 44.38 CUT 0.00 44.38 0.00 -3.01
91 38.75 40.00 37.75 38.00 38.63 FILL 38.63 0.00 2.75 0.00
92 40.00 40.25 38.00 38.50 39.19 FILL 39.19 0.00 2.18 0.00
93 40.25 41.00 38.50 37.75 39.38 FILL 39.38 0.00 2.00 0.00
94 41.00 41.25 37.75 38.00 39.50 FILL 39.50 0.00 1.87 0.00
95 41.25 41.75 38.00 40.00 40.25 FILL 40.25 0.00 1.12 0.00
96 41.75 41.75 40.00 40.50 41.00 FILL 41.00 0.00 0.37 0.00
97 41.75 42.00 40.50 40.75 41.25 FILL 41.25 0.00 0.12 0.00
98 42.00 41.75 40.75 40.75 41.31 FILL 41.31 0.00 0.06 0.00
99 41.75 40.50 40.75 39.50 40.63 FILL 40.63 0.00 0.74 0.00
100 40.50 40.50 39.50 41.00 40.38 FILL 40.38 0.00 0.99 0.00
101 40.50 42.50 41.00 42.50 41.63 CUT 0.00 41.63 0.00 -0.26
102 42.50 43.25 42.50 42.75 42.75 CUT 0.00 42.75 0.00 -1.38
103 43.25 43.25 42.75 42.75 43.00 CUT 0.00 43.00 0.00 -1.63
104 43.25 44.00 42.75 43.00 43.25 CUT 0.00 43.25 0.00 -1.88
105 44.00 44.25 43.00 43.00 43.56 CUT 0.00 43.56 0.00 -2.19
106 37.75 38.00 37.75 37.00 37.63 FILL 37.63 0.00 3.75 0.00
107 38.00 38.50 37.00 37.25 37.69 FILL 37.69 0.00 3.68 0.00
108 38.50 37.75 37.25 36.75 37.56 FILL 37.56 0.00 3.81 0.00
109 37.75 38.00 36.75 37.50 37.50 FILL 37.50 0.00 3.87 0.00
110 38.00 40.00 37.50 38.00 38.38 FILL 38.38 0.00 3.00 0.00
111 40.00 40.50 38.00 38.50 39.25 FILL 39.25 0.00 2.12 0.00
112 40.50 40.75 38.50 38.75 39.63 FILL 39.63 0.00 1.75 0.00
113 40.75 40.75 38.75 40.00 40.06 FILL 40.06 0.00 1.31 0.00
114 40.75 39.50 40.00 39.00 39.81 FILL 39.81 0.00 1.56 0.00
115 39.50 41.00 39.00 41.00 40.13 FILL 40.13 0.00 1.25 0.00
116 41.00 42.50 41.00 41.75 41.56 CUT 0.00 41.56 0.00 -0.19
117 42.50 42.75 41.75 42.25 42.31 CUT 0.00 42.31 0.00 -0.94
118 42.75 42.75 42.25 42.50 42.56 CUT 0.00 42.56 0.00 -1.19
119 42.75 43.00 42.50 42.50 42.69 CUT 0.00 42.69 0.00 -1.32
120 43.00 43.00 42.50 42.75 42.81 CUT 0.00 42.81 0.00 -1.44
121 37.75 37.00 35.75 35.75 36.56 FILL 36.56 0.00 4.81 0.00
122 37.00 37.25 35.75 36.00 36.50 FILL 36.50 0.00 4.87 0.00
123 37.25 36.75 36.00 36.00 36.50 FILL 36.50 0.00 4.87 0.00
124 36.75 37.50 36.00 37.00 36.81 FILL 36.81 0.00 4.56 0.00
125 37.50 38.00 37.00 37.50 37.50 FILL 37.50 0.00 3.87 0.00
126 38.00 38.50 37.50 38.00 38.00 FILL 38.00 0.00 3.37 0.00
127 38.50 38.75 38.00 39.25 38.63 FILL 38.63 0.00 2.75 0.00
128 38.75 40.00 39.25 39.50 39.38 FILL 39.38 0.00 2.00 0.00
129 40.00 39.00 39.50 39.75 39.56 FILL 39.56 0.00 1.81 0.00
130 39.00 41.00 39.75 40.50 40.06 FILL 40.06 0.00 1.31 0.00
131 41.00 41.75 40.50 41.25 41.13 FILL 41.13 0.00 0.24 0.00
132 41.75 42.25 41.25 41.50 41.69 CUT 0.00 41.69 0.00 -0.32
133 42.25 42.50 41.50 41.75 42.00 CUT 0.00 42.00 0.00 -0.63
134 42.50 42.50 41.75 42.00 42.19 CUT 0.00 42.19 0.00 -0.82
135 42.50 42.75 42.00 42.25 42.38 CUT 0.00 42.38 0.00 -1.01
136 35.75 35.75 34.75 34.75 35.25 FILL 35.25 0.00 6.12 0.00
137 35.75 36.00 35.75 35.00 35.63 FILL 35.63 0.00 5.75 0.00
138 36.00 36.00 35.00 36.00 35.75 FILL 35.75 0.00 5.62 0.00
139 36.00 37.00 36.00 37.00 36.50 FILL 36.50 0.00 4.87 0.00
140 37.00 37.50 37.00 38.00 37.38 FILL 37.38 0.00 4.00 0.00
141 37.50 38.00 38.00 38.50 38.00 FILL 38.00 0.00 3.37 0.00
142 38.00 39.25 38.50 39.00 38.69 FILL 38.69 0.00 2.68 0.00
143 39.25 39.50 39.00 39.25 39.25 FILL 39.25 0.00 2.12 0.00
144 39.50 39.75 39.25 39.50 39.50 FILL 39.50 0.00 1.87 0.00
145 39.75 40.50 39.50 39.75 39.88 FILL 39.88 0.00 1.50 0.00
146 40.50 41.25 39.73 40.50 40.50 FILL 40.50 0.00 0.88 0.00
147 41.25 41.50 40.50 41.25 41.13 FILL 41.13 0.00 0.24 0.00
148 41.50 41.75 41.25 41.25 41.44 CUT 0.00 41.44 0.00 -0.07
149 41.75 42.00 41.25 41.25 41.56 CUT 0.00 41.56 0.00 -0.19
150 42.00 42.25 41.25 41.50 41.75 CUT 0.00 41.75 0.00 -0.38
151 34.75 34.75 33.50 34.50 34.38 FILL 34.38 0.00 7.00 0.00
152 34.75 35.00 34.50 35.00 34.81 FILL 34.81 0.00 6.56 0.00
153 35.00 36.00 35.00 36.00 35.50 FILL 35.50 0.00 5.87 0.00
154 36.00 37.00 36.00 37.00 36.50 FILL 36.50 0.00 4.87 0.00
155 37.00 38.00 37.00 38.00 37.50 FILL 37.50 0.00 3.87 0.00
156 38.00 38.50 38.00 38.75 38.31 FILL 38.31 0.00 3.06 0.00
157 38.50 39.00 38.75 39.00 38.81 FILL 38.81 0.00 2.56 0.00
158 39.00 39.25 39.00 39.25 39.13 FILL 39.13 0.00 2.25 0.00
159 39.25 39.50 39.25 39.50 39.38 FILL 39.38 0.00 2.00 0.00
160 39.50 39.75 39.50 39.75 39.63 FILL 39.63 0.00 1.75 0.00
161 39.75 40.50 39.75 40.00 40.00 FILL 40.00 0.00 1.37 0.00
162 40.50 41.25 40.00 40.50 40.56 FILL 40.56 0.00 0.81 0.00
163 41.25 41.25 40.50 40.50 40.88 FILL 40.88 0.00 0.49 0.00
164 41.25 41.25 40.50 40.50 40.88 FILL 40.88 0.00 0.49 0.00
165 41.25 41.50 40.50 40.50 40.94 FILL 40.94 0.00 0.43 0.00
Total Area 16.30 Acres

Total Cut 71,720.00 CuM
Spoil @ 10% 7,172.00 CuM
Available Fill 64,548.00 CuM
Total Fill 64,439.00 CuM
To import Fill Nil CuM
Access Cut 109.00 CuM
3.2 ROAD DESIGN
REPORT
3.2 ROAD DESIGN REPORTS
3.2.1 MASTER PLAN LAYOUT
This 10 stories hospital and all infrastructure works will be constructing in Puncak Alam,
Kuala Selangor, Selangor. Based on the site plan the drawing and calculation of road and
drainage have been proposed. All the drawings and calculations of the road are shown in this
report.
Figure 3.1 : Master plan layout of the project

Route into the hospital Route out from the hospital
Figure 3.1 : Layout with highligted roan lane

3.2.2 INTRODUCTION
a) Application of Guidelines, Specification and Manual
 Arahan Teknik Jalan (ART-JKR)

 Guide Sign Design and Application
 Manual on Traffic Control Devices – Standard Traffic Sign
 Manual on Traffic Control Devices – Standard Traffic Application
b) Road Design Concept
Design concept of road to ensure all element satisfactory:
 Land context - accommodate the need of individual places.

 Safety – emphasis in patients, children, person with disabilities, old people (safety
railing provided).
 Efficiency – appropriated spaces to sustain capacity of transport
c) Material Specification
Types Thickness Specification
Surface Course 50 mm Asphaltic Concrete Mix

Wearing Course (AC10 or
AC14)
Binder Course 190 mm Asphaltic Concrete Mix

(AC28)
Road Base 200 mm Crushed Aggregate Base

Course
Sub Base 200 mm Granular sub base
50mm surface course
190mmbinder course
200 mm road base
200 mm subbase
Subgrade layer
d) Road Layer
Layer Information
Surface Course  The upper layer of the pavement

 Provide non-skidding and good riding quality surface
 Prevent or reduce water from penetrating into underlying layer
 Withstand adverse environmental condition
 Resist abrasive forces of traffic
Binder Course  Subdivide with surface course

 Perform same properties as surface course
Road Base  The main pavement structural layer to cater load

 Function to cater and spread the load from heavy vehicles and protect
the underlying weaker layer
Subbase  To aid the base distributing load transmitting to the subgrade

 To aid as drainage layer
 As temporary path during construction work
 To protect the subgrade from damage caused by weather
Subgrade  An embankment on natural earth below the subbase of pavement

 Function to cater load from upper layer of the pavement
e) Design Concept on Road Structure
 Road slope used 1 : 40

 Multilane way 7.32m (main road)
 Multilane way 6.50 (secondary road)
 All signboard using retro reflective high intensity sheeting cover
 Line of road using thermoplastic
f) Generic and Specific Justification for Choices
By using standard material for rural design in JKR spec to find the thickness of layer is
satisfied of needed in this site based on type of vehicles which basically is car. Furniture of road
consider on road user with clearly can see even thought at night.
3.2.3 DESIGN CONSIDERATION
a) Safety and Public Health
Road needs to be designed and constructed carefully because it can promotes road traffic
safety and reducing the harm on the highway system from traffic collision such as deaths,
injuries and property damage.
Since the project is constructing a hospital, there are several factors in term of safety need
to be considered in designing the road. Traffic calming, safety barriers, pedestrian crossing,
ambulance lane are provided to aid the public health. Lane markers in some countries and states
are marked with bright reflectors that do not fade like paint. Reflector is a useful item during
night and dark situation.
Risk can be reduced by providing limited access from properties and local roads, grade
separated junctions and median dividers between opposite direction traffic to reduce likelihood
of head-on collision.
The placement of energy attenuation devices such as guardrails, wide grassy areas, sand
barrels are common in term of safety and public health. Some road fixtures such as road signs
and fire hydrants are designed to collapse on impact. Light poles are designed to break at the
base rather than violently stop a car that hits on them. Highway authorities may also remove
large tress from the immediate vicinity of the road. During heavy rains, if the elevation of the
road surface is not higher than the surrounding landscape, it may result in flooding.
b) Environmental, Societal & Cultural
Road needs to be designed and constructed carefully because they can reduce any
negative environmental impacts.
Water management system can be used to reduce the effect of pollutants from road.
Rainwater and running off of roads tends to pick up gasoline, motor oil, heavy metals, trash and
other pollutants and result in water pollution. Road runoff is a major sources that contribute
nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are
combustion by products of gasoline and other fossil fuels. Sand can run off into roadsides,
contaminated groundwater and pollute surface waters, and road salts can be toxic and sensitive to
plants and animals. Sand applied to roads can be ground up by traffic into fine particulates and
contribute to air pollution.
Road are a chief source environmental noise generation. Since this project will be
constructed at hospital area, sound must be look seriously into measure. To avoid noise
accumulated around hospital area that comes from road, noise barriers are used to reduce noise
pollution, in particular where roads are located close to built-up areas. Regulations can restrict
the use of engine braking.
Motor vehicle emission contribute to air pollution. Concentrations of air pollutants and
adverse respiratory health effects are greater near the road than at some distance away from the
road. Road dust spread up by vehicles may trigger allergic reactions. In addition, on-road
transportation greenhouse gas emissions are the largest single cause of climate changes.
3.2.4 DESIGN OF ROAD PAVEMENT
DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN INPUT

Average Daily Traffic : 17566 (FOR 2 LANE IN 2 DIRECTION)
: (17566 * 1.2) / 2
` : 10539.6 (FOR 1 DIRECTION IN 1 LANE)
Percentage of CV (un-laden weight > 1.5 tons): 16%
Annual Growth Rate: 4%
Type of Terrain: Rolling Terrain
CBR Mean: 18.5%
Standard Deviation: 4.4%
Design Life, n: 20 Years
DETERMINING OF DESIGN TRAFFIC (TRAFFIC CATEGORY)

ESALY1 (Base Year) = ADT x 365 x PCV x LEF x L x T
= 10539.6 x 365 x 0.16 x 3.7 x 1.0 x 1.1
= 2.505 Million
DESIGN TRAFFIC OVER 20 YEARS
ESALDEs = ESALY1 x [(1 + r) n – 1)]/r
= ESALY1 x [(1 + 0.04) 20 – 1)]/0.04
= 2.505 x 23.75
= 59.494 Million (Under Traffic Category T5, probability 85%)
DETERMINE SUB-GRADE STRENGTH (SUB-GRADE CATEGORY)

CBR Mean: 18.5%
Standard Deviation: 4.4%
Normal Deviate: 1.0
Characteristic of CBR Value: 18.5 – 1.0(4.4)
: 14.1% (Subgrade Category SG2)
Figure 3.1: Asphalt Mix Concrete Design Layer for Category T5
As a conclusion, design properties of asphalt mix concrete for

this project are as follows:
Conventional flexible granular base
• Bituminous Surface Course (AC 10 or AC14): 50
mm
• Bituminous Binder Course/Road base (AC28): 190
mm
• Crushed Aggregate Road Base: 200 mm
• Granular Sub-Base: 200 mm
REFERENCES
ATJ 5/85 (revision 2013)

(Manual for the Structural Design of Flexible Pavement)
APPENDX
Table of Lane Distribution Factor (ATJ 5/85)
Number of lanes Lane distribution

(in ONE direction) factor, L
One 1.0
Two 0.9
Three or more 0.7
Table of Terrain Factor (ATJ 5/85)
Type of Terrain Terrain factor, T
Flat 1.0
Rolling 1.1
Mountainous/steep 1.3
Table of LEF for Various Vehicle Class (ATJ 5/85)
Table of Traffic Category (ATJ 5/85)
Table of Subgrade Category (ATJ 5/85)

3.3 DRAINAGE DESIGN
REPORT
3.3 DRAINAGE DESIGN REPORTS
3.3.1 INTRODUCTION
a) Application Guidelines, Standards, Specification and Manual
 Manual Saliran Mesra Alam (MSMA) 2012
b) Drainage Design Concept
The drainage concept is about controlling discharge at source into detention pond. It is
important to be controlled the quantity and quality of discharge that required to be addressed at
the source or the site of development. In order to achieve post developed time of concentration is
less from pre-developed, appropriate depth and breadth of drainage must be proposed with
consideration of invert level.
c) Material Specification
 Concrete grade used is G25 for concrete drain

 Slope of drain used is 1 : 1000
d) Generic and Specific Justifications for Choices
Basically, consideration on catchment area that was nearly to the drain on site. Step for
chosen size of drain based on location and total flow of water to detention pond. In order to slow
down the flow rate of water the slope was use 1: 1000. The purpose is to avoid the maximum
volume which is in drainage will be overflow.
3.3.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATION
a) Rational Method
For this project, the rational method is used to determine the peak flow of the sub
catchment area. Assumption used in this method:
1) The peak flow occurs when the entire catchment is contributing to the flow.
2) The rainfall intensity is the same over the entire catchment area.
3) The rainfall intensity is uniform over a period of time duration equal to the time of
concentration, tc.
͹
tt
The formula is = ͳc0
, where
= y year ARI peak flow (m3/s);

͹
= dimensionless runoff coefficient
t= n year ARI average rainfall intensity over time of concentration, tc (mm/hr)

A = drainage area (ha).
b) Time of Concentration, tc
Time of concentration, tc is the time needed for the runoff from the most hydraulically
remote point in the contributing area to reach the point of outlet. Sometimes, travel time from the
individual elements of a system may be very short; however the minimum time of concentration
for any of the catchments area should be not less than 5 minutes according to MSMA.
c) Overland Flow Time, to
Overland flow time is time needed for surface runoff to reach the drainage channel. This
flow can occur on either grassed or paved surfaces. Maximum flow distance, surface roughness,
rainfall intensity and infiltration rate may affect the overland flow time. Overland flow over
unpaved surfaces initially occurs as sheet flow for a short time and distance. The length of the
overland flow will be less than 50 meters in urban areas since the flow will become concentrated
against fences, path and structures or intercepted by open drains.
The formula is
Where;
n = manning’s roughness value
L = overland sheet flow path length (m)
S = slope of overland surface (%)
d) Channel Flow Time, td
Channel flow time is the time needed for the runoff to flow from channel inlet to the outlet point.
It can be determined by
n = Manning’s roughness
L = Length of reach
R = Hydraulic Radius
S = Friction slope
e) Runoff Coefficient, C
The runoff coefficient accounts for the integrated effects of rainfall interception, infiltration,
depression storage and temporary storage in transit of the peak rate of runoff. The runoff
coefficient, C is a function of the ground cover and a host of other hydrologic abstractions.
a) Health, Safety and Environment
Many of the requirements for the planning and design of storm water systems presented
in this manual have either directly or indirectly considered the need to protect public safety.
Notwithstanding these requirements, storm water managers and designers must consider the
need or otherwise to implement additional measures to further protect public safety.
Typical measures to improve public safety include the followings:
- Railings on crossings, headwalls, steep slope or other locations where the public could
fall into drains or water bodies;
- Grates over open drains and manholes;
- Limiting the depth of open drains and ponds;
- Gentle side slopes on engineered waterways and on the sides of ponds, wetlands and
lakes;
- Maximum flow velocity criteria for engineered waterways;
- Maximum velocity-depth criteria for flow on or across roads; and
- Land grading criteria for different storm water structures.
b) Society and Cultural
The main contractor of a worksite in which forty or more persons are for the time being
employed (whether by him or by other contractors employed by him or the client) shall
establish a safety and health committee (on which both employees and management are
represented) for the purpose of keeping under review conditions in the worksite which may
affect the safety and health of the persons employed therein or the public. (Section 30,
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, Occupational Safety and Health (Safety and
Health Committee) Regulations 1997.
3.3.4 CALCULATION
- Drain is divided by section from D1 to D7.

- Length of design drain was measured from master plan by using AutoCAD measurement.
Example of calculation on drain 1 (D1)
Length = 57.27 m
Sub catchment area = 0.129 ha
- To determine the flow time of drain, we need to consider the overland flow time based on
the equation from MSMA Chapter 2 Table 2.1 equation to estimate time of concentration.
Overland Flow Time, to

Horton roughness,n = 0.015 (Paved) Table 2.2
Overland sheet flow path length, L = 16.48 m (from survey plan)
Slope of overland surface, S = 1 : 1000
0ͺ 0.0 5 c.
to = ͳ
000 5
= 16.27 min
Drain Flow Time, td
Manning’s roughness, n = 0.015 (Lined Drain- concrete smooth finishing) Table 2.3
Length of reach, L = 57.27 m (from survey plan)
Hydraulic Radius, R = 0.23 m
Friction slope, S = 1 : 1000
0.0 5 .ͺͺ5ͺ. ͺ
td =
c0 0. ͳ ͳ
000
= 1.22 min
Time of Concentration, tc
Tc = to (overland) + td (drain)
= 16.27 + 1.22
= 17.48 min
- Thus, the time of concentration is 17.48 min.

- The Rational Method is the most frequently used technique for runoff peak estimation in
Malaysia and many parts of the world. It gives satisfactory results for small drainage
catchments.
- To determine the peak flow, equation 2.3 on MSMA Chapter 2 was used.
- Rainfall intensity first need to be determine by using the IDF empirical equation.
t
Q= (equation 2.3)
ͳc0
Average Rainfall Intensity, i
Where:
i = the average rainfall intensity (mm/hr) for selected ARI (T) and storm duration (d)
T = average recurrence interval, ARI (years)
d = storm duration (hours)
λ, η, θ, K = fitting constants dependent on the raingauge location
- Table 2B.1 is used to find the fitting constants for the IDF Empirical Equation for the
different location in Malaysia.
- In this project, we use the location at Loji Air Kuala Kubu Baru as it is nearest to Puncak
Alam.
Table 2B.1: fitting constants for the IDF Empirical Equation for the different location in
Malaysia.
- Hence, the values are:

λ = 67.793
K= 0.176
θ = 0.278
η = 0.854
- Table 1.1 is used to determine the return period of drain based on MSMA. The type of
develoment used was utilities with minor system of 5 years. Hence, T= 5
cͺ.ͺ ͳ 50. ͺc
i= ͺ.
+0. ͺ 0. 5
c0
= 145.57 mm/hr
- Runoff coefficient is provided from the Table 2.5 which is the recommended runoff
coefficients for various land uses.
- As in this project, Hospital can be considered as commercial. Hence, the value obtained
are 0.9 for less than 10 years ARI. Hence, C = 0.9
Rational Method
Peak discharge, Qpeak
t
Q=
ͳc0
Since; C = 0.9
I = 145.57 mm/hr
A = 0.129 ha
0. 5.5ͺ 0.
Q=
ͳc0
= 0.0469 m3/s
- Lined drain is used.

- For the drain design, gradient use of 1 in to 1000.
- Depth and width firstly to assume based on the maximum and minimum depth of minor
drainage.
- By using the trial and error method, the actual discharge of equation Q=AV can be
obtained.
- By comparing the actual discharge to the rational method of peak flow, we can determine
whether the depth and width proposed is suitable to design.
- If the actual discharge are more than the peak flow thus drainage is suitable to be design
with that proposed width and depth.
Line Drain Section
Assuming;
Drain Longitudinal slope = 1:1000
Width, B = 0.4 m
Side slope, Z = 0
n = 0.015
Drain Discharge capacity, Q = A x V
A = (B+ZD) D = 0.9D
P = B + 2D + ݂ = 0.9 +2D
V= xt x
- The width and depth proposed was 450 x 450 mm according to API Precast Concrete
Products based on the table below.
- Since the actual discharge is more than peak flow with the first trial and error method,
hence the proposed width and depth are suitable. (Refer Excel)
3.4 SEWERAGE DESIGN
REPORTS
3.4 SEWERAGE DESIGN REPORTS
3.4.1 INTRODUCTION
Sewerage is the infrastructure that conveys sewage or surface runoff for examples are
storm water, meltwater and rainwater using sewers. It encompasses components such as
receiving drains, manholes, pumping stations, storm overflows and screening chambers of
the combined sewer or sanitary sewer. Sewerage ends at the entry to a sewage treatment
plant or at the point of discharge into the environment. It is the systems of pipes,
chambers, manholes, etc that conveys the sewage or storm water.
The type of sewer can be divided into three types which are sanitary sewer, storm
water sewer and combined sewer. This sewerage’s project is for the proposed ten (10)
storeys of hospital which located at Puncak Alam, Selangor. In this project, we are
designing for sanitary sewer by relying on gravity flow. The sewer treatment plant is not
under scope of work as it is designed by another party.
The proposal development aims to satisfy the demand of people’s waste by
calculating Population Equivalent (PE) at Hospital and determining the size of sewer
pipeline and location of manhole.
 Plant and Machineries

1. Trenchers
2. Backhoe
3. Compactor
 Man Power
1. 2 skilled workers
2. 4 unskilled workers
3.4.2 SEWERAGE DESIGN CONSIDERATION AND CONSTRAINT
a) Design Consideration
The design consideration in these sewerage systems are based on MS1228:1991

which include the material of pipeline, population equivalent and equations that is used in
this design. The design shall be based on the worst-case scenario. The minimum size of
pipe is 225mm diameter and the minimum depth of manhole is 1.2m from the ground
level. The slope of the sewerage system must be between 1:200 to 1:25.
- Population Equivalent
The Population Equivalent (PE) is the estimated number of criticalness of

effluent for different type of premises. Different type of premises has different
number of PE. Since this project is to design the Hospital, the PE for Hospital is
shown in the table below. Below is the list for PE for different type of building based
on Malaysian Standard MS1228:1991.
Table 2.1: The population Ewuivalent (PE) based on MS1228:1991

POPULATION
No TYPE OF PREMISES/TABLISHMENT EQUIVALENT
1 Residential 5 per bed
Commercial :
2 Including offices, shopping complex, entertainment, 3 per 100m2 gross area
recreational centres, restaurants, cafeteria, theatres.
School/Educational Instituition: 0.2 per student

-Day schools/instituition 1 per student
3
-Fully residential 0.2 per non-residential
-Partial residential student
1 per residential student
4 Hospitals 4 per bed
5 Hotels with dining and laundry facilities 4 per room
6 Factories excluding process water 0.3 per staff
7 Market (wet type) 3 per stall
8 Market (dry type) 1 per stall
- Material
Material that is choose for sewer pipeline must meet with the design criteria and
by considering several selection factors. The following factors should be considered
before selecting and approving any pipe manufacturer and supplier.
i. Compliance of products to standard.

ii. Compliance to additional material and product requirements specified by the
Commission.
iii. Quality control and assurance practised by the manufacturer and supplier to
ensure good pipe product quality from manufacturing to delivery.
All pipes and fittings should comply with the relevant Malaysian Standard and
where practicable should have flexible joints. New products only can be used with the
prior approval by the relevant authorities. In this project, Vitrified Clay Pipes are used
to its small number of roughness coefficient. Smaller number of roughness coefficient
lead to smooth flow of sewage in the pipeline.
Table 2.2: The roughness coefficient of different type of pipes based on Malaysian
Sewerage Industry GUidline (MSIG) Jilid III, (Planning, Material and Design)
Roughness, k (mm)
Pipe Material New Old
Vitrified Clay 0.06 1.5
Concrete 0.15 3.0
Plastic 0.06 0.6
- Equations
Once the PE is estimated, the peak flow can be calculated by multiplying

average flow online with the peak flow factor. The calculation of peak flow factor as
below:
0.
Peak Flow Factor .ͺ t 00
The selection of the gravity sewer diameter and gradient to cope with the peak flow
shall be based on the Colebrook – White equation:
h .5
V ′㐷hlog  +
ͳ.ͺ㐷㐷 ′㐷h
Where,
V = Velocity (m/sec)
S = Hydraulic gradient (m/m)
μ = Kinematic viscosity of water (1.0 x 10-6 m2/s for sewerage)
D = Diameter of pipe (m)
G = Acceleration due to gravity (9.81m/s2)
K = Roughness coefficient (m) – Table 2.1, page 27, volume 3, SPAN
When determining the adequacy of pipes, two criteria need to be satisfied which is
the calculated velocity, V shall be between 0.8 m/sec to 0.4 m/sec and the capacity of
pipe, Q must be greater than peak flow, Q (actual).
b) Design Constraint
- Safety and health
Excavation and trenching of sewer line present many unique and dangerous
hazards. Follow these eight steps to minimize the hazards to your employees, the
public and the environmental.
Step 1: Obtain or issue work permit
A work permit should be issued prior to the commencement of any excavation or

trenching work. Before issuing a work permit for any such works, consider all
reasonably foreseeable hazards, along with the control methods. The precautionary
considerations should include these primary points.
a) Consult the relevant up-to-date documentation and drawings. When required,

the relevant authority or utility should be contacted to obtain the necessary
information.
b) Identify the location and depth of buried or hidden services. This should
include gas, water, sewers, electricity, telecommunication and others.
When an unforeseen hazard is identified during an excavation process that is not
covered in the work permit, work should cease immediately. This is imperative when
such hazards have the potential for causing serious harm to personnel, environment or
property. Work should recommence when the identified hazard has been suitably
controlled. The work permit process should cover authority levels for these matters.
Step 2: Check for underground service
Utilise electronic detection in the event where up-to-date drawings of underground

services (electricity, gas, water, etc) are not available
Step 3: Select and transport the right equipment
It is important to note the nature of the work and the location of the work site
(especially if it is located in a public area). This will enable you to determine the
excavation equipment needed for the job as well as the appropriate trailer, truck or
carrier in which your equipment should be transported in.
Step 4: Take environmental precautions
Trenching work adjacent to natural water courses (e.g. lakes, river, or creeks) shoud
be carried out in such a way so as to avoid contamination of water (e.g. piling spoil
heaps away from the water, preventing accumulation of rubbish on down-hill slopes,
etc.)
Step 5: Ensure operators hold appropriate training and qualifications
To carry out trenching work, all persons involved should be qualified and trained for
the task (e.g. operation of front-end loaders, trencher machines, etc.). Such personnel
should also hold the appropriate certificate of competency in accordance with the
National Guides for Occupational Health and Safety Competency Standard for the
Operation of Loads-shifting Equipment and Other Types of Specified Equipment.
Step 6: During trenching work
Ensure that all personnel operating excavation and trenching equipment or working in
the vicinity of excavation work use the appropriate personnel protective equipment. It
is crucial for a trained person to carry out an assessment of the stability of the
excavation when operating earthmoving machinery adjacent to excavations. This
should be done at appropriate intervals taking into consideration the activities around
the excavation and the type and weight of the mobile plant used.
Step 7: Control ambient dust
To minimise the emissions, it is best to evaluate potential sources of dust. This may
include the excavation process itself, the transfer point and the routes for trucks in
order to determine the ways to reduce dust emissions. This should include as
applicable;
 Water spray of road and transfer points

 Enclosure of transfer points where possible
 Minimisation of exposed soil surfaces
Special precautions (e.g. respiratory protection) should be taken when excavating in

location where there may be a hazard of silica dust. Be sure to monitor these
implementations for their effectiveness.
Step 8: At completion of work
At the completion of work, be sure to clear the work site of all rocks, soil and other
debris and return it to its original condition as much as possible. Drawings and other
documentation should be updated to reflect any changes due to the work just
completed, including a dated digital photograph.
All activities done by the machineries such as excavator in a controlled manner so to

ensure that no injury could occur to any worker or damage to property. Safety
equipment such as safety gloves, boots helmets and glasses are provided and used by
workers to prevent any misfortune on the site while clearing the site is ongoing.
- Society and cultural
The contractor shall be responsible for detecting, protecting, upholding,

upkeeping and maintaining all existing services such as roadside drains, mains, ducts
water supply pipes, sewer, gas conduits, electrical and telephone cables and the like
over and adjacent to the site during the tenure of the contract, regardless whether or
not these services are known to exist at the time of tender. He shall take extra
precautions to prevent undermining of foundations to service lines, thereby resulting
in damage and interruption of supply and make good any damage due to any cause
within his control at his own expense and time and pay all consequential costs and
charges in connection therewith.
In the event that damage has been done to service due to the contractor’s work
or any cause within his control and should these repairs be carried out by the local
authority, the contractor shall make a direct reimbursement to the local authority for
the cost and charges for carrying out the repairs, failing which the employer reserves
the right to pay the local authority.
Any information made available to the contractor at the time of the tender is
indicative and is intended only as an approximate guide for the contractor’s own
verification on site. Immediately after taking possession of the site and before
commencing work, the contractor shall establish test holes to confirm the location and
levels of all existing underground utilities within and surrounding the site that are
affected by his excavation works. If the engineer is of the opinion that the site
verification survey of underground service is incomplete or inadequate in any way, he
shall order additional confirmatory test holes to be carried out at the contractor’s
expenses.
- Environment
Working in trenches is an extremely dangerous operation which can made safe

by an awareness of the hazards and the precautions to be taken and careful
management of the process.
The hazards and risks are usually:

i. Collapse of the side of the trench
ii. Material falling onto the people working in the trenches
iii. People and vehicles falling into the trenches
iv. Ingress of water causing flooding
The work should be carefully planned and carried out. Ensure that equipment
and materials needed are available onsite before work starts. Ensure that the work is
directed by a competent supervisor and the works are inspected daily by someone
who understands the risk and precautions to be taken. At least once a week the
excavation should by thoroughly inspected and also after any event which may affect
the temporary support.
Precautions should be taken against flooding by installing efficient means of

pumping out the excavations ensuring that the outflow from the pump does not cause
flooding problems elsewhere.
3.4.3 DESIGN PARAMETERS AND PREPARATION OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM
a) Population Equivalent
The PE for hospital is chosen which are 5 PE per house. The total number of PE for
the whole hospital need to be calculated prior designing the sewerage. Below is the
calculation of PE;
th t h 耀 ′ ͺ ͳ
th t .ͺ t
b) Size of Sewer Pipeline
The minimum size of sewer pipeline is 225mm diameter while the maximum size
allowable for this project is 300mm diameter. For this project, 225mm size of pipeline in
use.
c) Roughness Coefficient
In this project, the vitrified clay pipe is used due to smallest roughness coefficient. It
can help the flow of sewage smoothly with minimal resistance. The roughness coefficient
for vitrified clay pipe is 0.06.
d) Slope or Gradient
For this project, slope 1:200, 1:150, 1:100 and 1:89 is used for sewer line.
e) Manhole depth
Minimum manhole depth is 1.20m from ground surface. In the sewerage design, the
first manhole which is MH1 is designed to have 1.25m depth. The rest manhole’s depth
will follow with the fall between manhole depending on its slope.
3.4.4 DESIGN CONCEPT
a) Calculations and Analysis
Population Equivalent (PE) for MH1 to MH3
No. Type of building Total PE per unit Density Unit Total PE
1 Hospital 4/bed 297 bed 1188.0
2 Commercial 3/100m 24723 m2 741.69
Total persons 25020

Total PE 1929.7
Mainhole 2 Mainhole 3
Length = 40 m
Slope = 1:200
Ground Level (GL) = 43.6 m Ground Level (GL) = 43.3 m
Invert level (IL) = 42.35 m - (40 m / 200 m)
Invert level (IL) = 42.35 m
= 42.15 m
Depth (H) = 43.3 m – 42.15 =
Depth (H) = 1.25 m > 1.2 m (Okay)
1.20 m (Okay)
Diameter pipe (D) = 225 mm, VCP
Length of pipe (L) = 20 m (from MH1 to MH2)
Gradient (S) = 1:200 (1/200 = 0.005)
Type of Premises = Hospital
Population Equivalent; hospital = 4/bed x 297 bed

= 1188 PE
Population Equivalent; commercial = 3/100 m2 x 24723 m2

= 741.69 PE
Previous PE from MH1 to MH2 = 1929.7 PE
Total PE = 1929.7 + 1188 + 741.69

= 3859.4 PE
Peak Flow = Average Flow On Line x Peak Flow Factor
Average Flow On Line = PE x Average Wet Weather Flow

= 3859.4 PE x 225 L/person/day
= 868365 L/day
= 659570 /(24x60x60)
= 10.051 L/s
= 0.01 cu.m
Peak Flow Factor = 4.7 (PE/1000)-0.11

= 4.7 (3859.4 PE/1000)-0.11
= 4.05
Peak Flow = 0.01 x 4.05

= 0.041 m3/s
MH2 to MH3
Cumulative design flow = 7.634 L/s + 7.634 L/s

= 15.268 L/s
V = -2 (2gDS)1/2 log [ (Ks/ 3.7D + 2.51 µ/D (2gDS)1/2 ]
D = 0.225 m
S = 1:200 = 0.005
g = 9.81 m/s2
Ks = 0.06 mm = 0.00006 m
µ = 1.0x10-6 m2
-2 (2gDS)1/2 = -2 [2(9.81)(0.225)(0.005)]1/2
= -0.2972
Ks/3.7D = (0.00006)/3.7(0.225)
= 0.000072
2.51 µ = 2.51x10-6
D (2gDS) 1/2 = (0.225)[ 2(9.81)(0.225)(0.005) ] ½

= 0.0334
V = -0.297 log [ (0.000072) + (2.51x10-6)/(0.0334) ]

= 1.139 m/s
(0.8 m/s < 1.139 m/s < 4.0 m/s)
Capacity of Pipe, Q = V x A
= 1.139 x (3.14)(0.2252)/4
= 0.045 m3/s
= 0.045 m3/s > 0.041 m3/s
MANHOLE GL (m) PL(m) Lpipe(m) S (1:S) IL(U) Drop IL(L) Depth(U) Depth(L)
Upper (U) Lower(L) (U) (L)
MH1 MH2 43.60 43.60 10.00 200 42.40 0.05 42.35 0.05 1.25
MH2 MH3 43.60 43.30 40.00 200 42.35 0.20 42.15 1.25 1.20
MH3 MH4 43.30 43.30 60.00 200 42.15 0.30 41.85 1.15 1.45
MH4 MH5 43.30 43.30 65.00 200 41.85 0.33 41.53 1.45 1.78
MH5 MH6 43.30 43.30 70.00 150 41.53 0.47 41.06 1.78 2.24
MH6 MH7 43.30 43.30 70.00 150 41.06 0.47 40.59 2.24 2.71
MH7 MH8 43.30 43.30 75.00 150 40.59 0.50 40.09 2.71 3.21
MH8 MH9 43.30 43.30 75.00 100 40.09 0.75 39.34 3.21 3.96
MH9 MH10 43.30 43.30 75.00 100 39.34 0.75 38.59 3.96 4.71
MH10 MH11 43.30 43.30 75.00 100 38.59 0.75 37.84 4.71 5.46
MH11 MH12 43.30 42.00 75.00 89 37.84 0.84 37.00 5.46 5.00
3.4.5 DETAILS DRAWING
3.5 WATER SUPPLY
DESIGN REPORTS
3.5 WATER SUPPLY DESIGN REPORTS
3.5.1 INTRODUCTION
This section discussed about the water reticulation system for the proposed ten (10)
storeys of hospital which located at Puncak Alam, Selangor. This report is prepared to present
the detailed design concept and detailed calculation for the proposed development.
a) Objective
The objective of this design is:
a) To proposed suitable pipe diameter from existing tapping point to suction tank
b) To determine the dominant flow based on peak flow and fire flow
c) To design the effective dimension of suction tank
d) To locate and determine number of hydrant
b) The proposed development
This project located at a part of lot number 1567. The proposed project of 0.4
acres located in the area which is under the development by Ministry of Health. The site
is located at Lot 1567, PT 1568 dan PT 7388 Puncak Alam, Mukim Jeram, Kuala
Selangor, Negeri Selangor Darul Ehsan. The proposed hydrant is 3 Nos which located
less than 91.5m from nearest fire entrance and located not more than 90m distance
hydrant to another hydrant. The design of this main pipe system based on design
requirements standard provided by relevant codes and government standard.
Therefore, this water supply design is documented based on:
a) Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air Negara (SPAN)

b) Uniform Building by Laws (UBBL 1984)
c) JKR Standard
c) Sources of Water Supply
The source of water supply is from existing tapping point with pipe diameter of
300mm and pressure head available is 65m ODL. The platform level of proposed
development is adequate to supply the water from existing tapping point is adequate by
gravity flow system until it reach suction tank. A pumping system may necessary to be
installed for reticulation system.
The Table 2.1 below show the list of formula need to be used for head loss calculation:
Table 2.1: Formula for Head loss

Hazen Williams Formula Remarks
Hf = Head Loss (m)

0.ͺ× hh . 5
Head loss, hf Qpeak= Design flow (m3/s)
. 5 ×㐷 . ͺ
C= Friction factor
D= diameter (m)
a) Minor losses
To cover minor losses, the length of each pipe is increased by 5%

b) Restriction based on guideline
Parameters Acceptable Values

Velocity V > 0.3m/s to avoid deposition of sediments
V < 2.0m/s (may exceed if located at pumping station)
Residual ≥ 4.5m for peak flow condition
pressure ≥ 7.5m for fire flow condition
Head loss hf ≤ 2m/1000m for peak flow condition under gravity flow
hf ≤ 15m / 1000m for the fire flow condition
Tank storage 1/3 of total demand
Peak factor Supply mains (1.2 times average daily demand)
External reticulation networks (2.5 times average daily
demand)
c) Provisional additional for water demand
With reference to Malaysian JKR Standards, the additional water shall be

providing for new developments such as industrial estate, resettlement scheme or a new
town or housing developments. For this project, the hospital is calculated for the future
developments, thus there are no additional demands required. However, fire flow
requirement must be considered for the design purpose. Refer to Table 2.1 that outline in
JKR standards as Table 14.18, the recommended risk category of fire flow requirement is
Class A with average total flow 1370 l/min and the maximum number of hydrant outlets
used simultaneously is three (3) units. Besides Table 2.2 show minimum storage
capacities for hospital, airport and particular industry and Table 2.3 Minimum storage
capacities for other types of buildings.
Table 2.1: Fire Flow Requirement (Table 14.18 – JKR Standards)
Table 2.2 :Minimum storage capacities for hospital, airport and particular industry
Table 2.3: Minimum storage capacities for other types of buildings
3.5.3 CONSTRAINT ON HEALTH, SOCIAL, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT
For the safety and health aspect we will follow the rules as stipulated in the Occupational
Safety and Health ACT 1994 (OSHA 1994). The principle of the Act is “An act to make
further provision for securing that safety, health and welfare of persons at work for protecting
others against risks to safety or health in connection with the activities of persons at work to
establish the National Council for Occupational Safety and Health for matters connected
therewith”.
No construction work could proceed in rural area without people’s involvement. The
social factors constitute in the construction working environment. It is not surprised to learn
that undesirable effects come from a relative small number of key persons and the constraints
are human constraints. These social constraints may appear minor and insignificant, but is
very complicated to deal with. Sometimes, it may arouse big problems for the project and
will at the same time affect the progress of the project. Public concern and media pressure
also constitute constraints to the construction project. Public concern and internal audit on
“proper” use of public money, in fact impose restraint on new initiatives and engagement of
better contractor on expense of higher contract sum. Sometimes, when a new technology or
design is proposed to carry out in a project, the public such as media and audit department
will restrict the endorsement of the usage of the money.
The environment concern and regulations require the environment to be protected such as
air protection, tree preservation, traffic limit, noise control and so on. In the planning and
design stage of the project, the responsible people need to go to the “Environmental
Department” to apply for the approval/justification for the project. This takes time and will
affect the project progress. If the approval is not obtained on time, the whole project will be
delayed or could not be carried out. There are also other technical constraints arising from air
protection, tree preservation, traffic limit that can affect the excavation permit for works,etc.
3.5.4 LAYOUT PLAN
a) Proposed Piping System
Proposed
Supply Mains
Network Pipe
Proposed
FRP Suction
Tank
Domestic tank Fire Hydrant Tank

Pipe 2
RL 45.0m
Hospital Building
457600
47000
Pipe 1
RL 43.0m
EXISTING TAPPING POINT

65m ODL
Legends: 300mm diameter
Pump Station
300mm Ø Existing pipe mild steel

200mm Ø Proposed pipe mild steel
b) Network system
Proposed
Suction tank
Existing
Tapping
Pipe
3.5.5 DESIGN PARAMETERS AND CALCULATION
a) Total area of domestic usage

A=24723m2
b) Water demand
Type unit Quantity Average daily water Water demand
demand (Litres) (Litres)
Hospital 297 bed 1500/bed 445500
Office / complex / 24723 1000 / 100 square 247230
commercial metre
(domestic usage)
Ʃ = 692730
c) Peak demand requirement (from tap-off point to suction tank)

Peak flow demand
Design for water mains peak factor = 1.2
Peak flow = Average flow x Peak factor
c ͺͳ0
Average flow = = 8.02 l/s
c0 c0
Peak flow = 8.02 x 1.2 = 9.62 l/s
= 9.62 x 10-3 m3/s
Length of pipe = 497m
Using pipe diameter = 200mm
Using Hazen-Williams equation Hardy- Cross analysis

0.ͺ ×0.00 c . 5
Head loss, hf = . ͺ
00 . 5 ×0.
= 0.001m
Tapping point pressure head = 65 m ODL
Proposed bottom level = 41.37 m ODL
Depth of water = 3m
Assume plinth depth = 0.6m
Proposed top water level (TWL) = 41.37 + 3.0 + 0.6
= 44.97m
Pressure head available from tapping point to domestic suction tank (TWL)
= Pressure heads tapping point – TWL - hf
= 65 – 44.97 – 0.001
= 20.03 m > 4.5 m – Okay
Head loss/m length < 2 m / 1000 m

= (0.001) / 497
= 2.01 x 10-6 m /m < 2x10-3 m/m – Okay
d) Firefighting requirement (from tap-off point to suction tank). It is required by Fire

Department that three (3) no of hydrant is in operation.
The flow rate for three (3) no of fire hydrant

= 1370litre/minutes
Average flow rate

= 1(Average domestic daily demand) + Fire flow
ͳͺ0
= (1)(8.02) + 3( c0
)
= 76.52 l/s
= 0.08 m3/s
 3 nos of hydrant are used with 1370 litre/minute used at the same time
 Fire flow is dominant flow = 76.52 l/s = 0.08 m3/s
hf = (10.7 x Qpeak1.85)/(C1.85 x D 4.87)

0.ͺ 0.0 . 5
=
00 . 5 0. . ͺ
= 0.051 m
Total pipe length from tapping point to domestic suction tank= 497m
Tapping point pressure head = 65 m ODL

Assume plinth depth = 0.6 m
Proposed bottom level = 41.37 m
Water height =3m
Proposed TWL = 41.37 + 0.6 + 3
= 44.97 m
Pressure head available from tapping point to domestic suction tank (TWL)
= Pressure heads tapping point – TWL - hf
= 65 – 44.97 – 0.051
= 19.98 m > 7.5 m – Okay
Head loss/m length < 15 m / 1000 m

= (0.051) / 497
= 1.026 x 10-4 m /m < 0.015 m/m – Okay
FRP TANK
TWL
3m
Height
BWL
0.6m
Plinth
e) Check velocity of water, V

V= Q/A
D= 200 mm
A= 0.03 m2
Based on peak flow

V= 9.62 x 10-3 / 0.03 = 0.32 m/s
Based on fire flow

V= 0.08 / 0.03 = 2.67 m/s
Minimum velocity = 0.32 m/s > 0.3 m/s - Okay

Maximum velocity = 2.67 > 2 m/s – Okay (at pump station)
f) Tank size design
For domestic suction tank

For 1 day storage
1/3 of demand should be tank full volume size
Average daily demand = 692.73 m3/day
1/3 x 692.73 m3/day = 230.91 m3
Assume height =3m
Area tank = 230.91/3
= 76.97 m2
Use standard FRP tank size 1.0 m x 1.0 m
Proposed size 9 m(long) x 9 m(width) x 3 m(height)
For fire hydrant suction tank

For 1 hour operation
ͳͺ0 000
Capacity of 3 nos hydrant =3x c0
= 247 m3/hr
1/3 x 247m3/hr = 82.33 m3
Assume height =3m
Area of tank = 82.33/3
= 27.44 m2
Using standard size of FRP tank 1.0 m x 1.0 m

Proposed size 6 m (long) x 6 m (width) x 3 m (height)
Conclusion
Based on calculation for water supply system, show that the provided size of the domestic
and hydrant suction tank as stated above are satisfactory to cater the water demand of the
hospital building. Also, the proposed pipe size for water supply system is fulfill the head loss,
minimum and maximum velocity criteria.
- Existing Water Supply Pipeline System
In general, the proposed site is a new site area and the existing pipe at tapping of
point is 300mm in diameter.
- Proposes New Water Supply Pipeline System
New water supply pipeline system has been proposed due to the site condition.
The proposed water pipeline is connected to the existing water pipeline system that is
located beside retention pond. The route of pipeline is across the river and beneath the
main road.
4.0 CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT
4.0 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
4.1 BILL OF QUANTITY
4.2 PROJECT PLANNING
Planning, scheduling is an important part of the construction management because it is

helps engineers to complete the project in time and within the budget. Planning in construction
management is the process of selecting a particular method and the order of work to be adopted
for a project from all the possible ways and sequences in which it could be done. It essentially
covers the aspects of ‘What to do’ and ‘How to do it’.
Importance of construction project planning:
 Minimize the cost by optimum utilization of available resources.
 Reduces irrational approaches, duplication of works and inter departmental conflicts.
 Encourages innovation and creativity among the construction managers.
 Imparts competitive strength to the enterprise.

5.0 CONCLUSION
As conclusion, the overall objectives for this group design project which are the
integrated design project (IDP) was to advance the understanding in executing the design project
by following the Building Code Of Practice. It was to identify how its integration within design
can enhance architectural expression and to determine what direction the future development
should consider in order to achieve this aim. The structure of the building need to be design
according to the architectural plan. At the end, based on the planning of 10 – storeys hospital
building that consist academic center and wards (297 patients’ bed approximately) overall was
designed successfully. The proposed location was at UiTM Puncak Alam, Selangor and this
project was called phase 3 of the development with Private Finance Iniative (PFI). In this section,
the selected in the design includes all structural element which are beams, slabs, columns, pile
cap, staircase and retaining wall that are sufficient to support the imposed loading in the structure.
Eurocode were used fully in designing the structure and all the design criteria and limitations
were followed accordingly.
The adequacy of the section has been checked and verified based on ESTEEM Software
and manual calculation done by all of our group member respectively. Moreover, during
completion of this project, the concept of structural design was achieved and understood. A
building designed has to be initiated from the top level since it will only carry the loading from
that area. Next, the loading was transferred to the lower level until reached the foundation. All
the design were considered the Factor of Safety as shown in the practice. Other than that, this
design project also involve infrastructural works such as road and drainage, sewerage, water
supply and earthwork. Furthermore, the construction management tasks such as bill of quantities
and project planning were also completed in this project. Hence, it can be concluded that he
design project was done successful and the concept of structure design is fully understood by
group member.
APPENDIX A – SITE PLAN
APPENDIX B - BORELOG
SLABS DESIGN
BEAM DESIGNS
STAIRCASES DESIGN
COLUMN DESIGN
PILE CAP DESIGN
RETAINING WALL
DESIGN

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TABLE OF CONTENT

1.1 COMPANY BACKGROUND......................................................................................... 7

1.1.1 PROJECT TITLE AND PARTIES INVOLVED......................................................8

1.1.2 ORGANIZATION CHART...................................................................................... 9

1.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION.............................................................................................15

1.2.1 PROJECT LOCATION........................................................................................... 15

1.3 OVERALL SCOPE OF WORK PROJECT 1................................................................ 16

1.3.1 STRUCTURAL DESIGN....................................................................................... 16

1.3.2 INFRASTRUCTURAL DESIGN........................................................................... 19

1.3.3 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT.....................................................................20

1.4 ARCHITECTURAL PLAN............................................................................................21

1.5 DESIGN CRITERIA.......................................................................................................22

1.5.1 DESIGN CRITERIA............................................................................................... 22

2.0 STRUCTURAL DESIGN REPORTS................................................................................24

2.2 DESIGN STANDARD................................................................................................... 24

2.2.1 MAIN CODE OF PRACTICE AND STANDARD................................................24

2.2.2 DESIGN CRITERIA............................................................................................... 25

2.2.3 DESIGN CONSTRAIN...........................................................................................29

2.3 DESIGN PARAMETERS...............................................................................................31

2.4 SELECTION CRITERIA OF FOUNDATION.............................................................. 32

2.5 STRUCTURAL KEY PLAN..........................................................................................33

2.6 SUMMARY/SAMPL OF CALCULATION.................................................................. 34

3.0 INFRASTRUCTURE DESIGN REPORTS.......................................................................39

3.1 EARTHWORK DESIGN REPORT............................................................................... 39

3.1.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATION AND CONSTRAINT............................................. 39

3.1.3 DESIGN PROPOSED SYSTEM............................................................................ 42

3.2 ROAD DESIGN REPORTS........................................................................................... 50

3.2.1 MASTER PLAN LAYOUT.................................................................................... 50

3.2.3 DESIGN CONSIDERATION................................................................................. 55

3.2.4 DESIGN OF ROAD PAVEMENT......................................................................... 57

3.3 DRAINAGE DESIGN REPORTS..................................................................................62

3.3.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATION................................................................................. 63

3.3.3 DESIGN CONSTRAIN...........................................................................................65

3.4 SEWERAGE DESIGN REPORTS.................................................................................75

3.4.2 SEWERAGE DESIGN CONSIDERATION AND CONSTRAINT...................... 75

3.4.3 DESIGN PARAMETERS AND PREPARATION OF SEWERAGE SYSTEM... 82

3.4.4 DESIGN CONCEPT............................................................................................... 84

3.4.5 DETAILS DRAWING............................................................................................ 88

3.5 WATER SUPPLY DESIGN REPORTS........................................................................ 91

3.5.2 DESIGN CONSTRAIN...........................................................................................92

3.5.3 CONSTRAINT ON HEALTH, SOCIAL, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT.......96

3.5.4 LAYOUT PLAN..................................................................................................... 97

3.5.5 DESIGN PARAMETERS AND CALCULATION................................................ 99

4.0 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT..............................................................................106

4.1 BILL OF QUANTITY.................................................................................................. 107

4.2 PROJECT PLANNING................................................................................................ 108

 To define and formulate solution to complex design problem.

1.1 COMPANY BACKGROUND

Name of the company : iHope Development Sdn Bhd

Business Address : Hospital Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Bandar

Telephone Number : 03 - 55446769

Fax Number : 03 - 55446770

Form of Business : Consultancy

Date of Business Registration : 8th May 2005

Date of Commencement : 10th December 2005

Initial Capital : RM 1,000,000

PROJECT TITLE : CADANGAN MEREKABENTUK, MEMBINA, MELENGKAP,

In this proposed development of a 10 stories Hospital at Universiti Teknologi Mara

PARTIES DETAIL INFORMATION

CLIENT Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM)

CONTRACTOR Seng Up Sdn Bhd

ARCHITECT MJ Architect Sdn Bhd