MANUFACTURING AND NOMENCLATURE OF PAINTS

The Ingredients in Paint

There are four main components in paint, they are resin, additives, solvent, and pigment. The resin is
the binder that holds all the pigments together. It allows the product to adhere to the surface is it
painted too

Additives are used to enhance the properties of the substance. It makes it glide on the wall with a brush.
It also makes it mold and scuff resistant. Without additives, the drying time would not be as fast as it is
and there would be sag resistance. 

Solvents act as a carrier that helps bind the pigments and resin together. These agents can be organic,
like mineral turps, or the manufacturer can use plain water.

Pigments are used to give paint its color and sheen. They are placed into two groups, prime and
extender. The prime pigments will include colors like white, green oxide, yellow and red. In the other
group of extenders, it includes calcium carbonate, talc, mica, and barytes to name a few.

The Manufacturing process

1. Making the Paste - Pigment manufacturers send bags of fine grain pigments to paint plants.
There, the pigment is premixed with resin (a wetting agent that assists in moistening the
pigment), one or more solvents, and additives to form a paste.

2. Pigment Dispersion - The paste mixture for most industrial and some consumer paints is now
routed into a sand mill, a large cylinder that agitates tiny particles of sand or silica to grind the
pigment particles, making them smaller and dispersing them throughout the mixture. The
mixture is then filtered to remove the sand particles.
 Instead of being processed in sand mills, up to 90 percent of the water-based latex paints
designed for use by individual homeowners are instead processed in a high-speed dispersion
tank. There, the premixed paste is subjected to high-speed agitation by a circular, toothed blade
attached to a rotating shaft. This process blends the pigment into the solvent.

3. Let-Down/ Thinning - Whether created by a sand mill or a dispersion tank, the paste must now
be thinned to produce the final product. Transferred to large kettles, it is agitated with the
proper amount of solvent for the type of paint desired.

4. Canning - The finished paint product is then pumped into the canning room. For the standard 8
pint (3.78 liter) paint can available to consumers, empty cans are first rolled horizontally onto
labels, then set upright so that the paint can be pumped into them. A machine places lids onto
the filled cans, and a second machine presses on the lids to seal them. From wire that is fed into
it from coils, a bailometer cuts and shapes the handles before hooking them into holes precut in
the cans. A certain number of cans (usually four) are then boxed and stacked before being sent
to the warehouse.

Pigment Nomenclature

COLOR INDEX

In astronomy, the color index is a simple numerical expression that determines the color of an object,

which in the case of a star gives its temperature. The smaller the color index, the more blue (or hotter)
the object is. Conversely, the larger the color index, the more red (or cooler) the object is.

 First published in 1925 by The Society of Dyers and Colourists of the UK, and currently managed in
collaboration with the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, it forms the official index
of all commercially available colorants. Each pigment any artist might ever use today can be found there,
along with those for every other industry. Organized by color, each listing is assigned a C.I. (Color Index)
Generic Name, Constitution Number, and a listing of Common Names associated with the dye or
pigment. 
3 WAYS IN PAINT NOMENCLATURE

1. C.I. Generic Name - which is what you will likely see on a label, always has three components:

– Colorant Type
This is designated by the initial letter. For our purposes the most important for artist paints are solid
pigments, designated by a P. Other possibilities, like D (Dye) or S
(Solvent Dye), are more common in other industries.

– Hue
There are ten possible categories: R (Red), O (Orange), Y (Yellow), G (Green), B (Blue), V (Violet),
Br (Brown), W (White), Bk (Black), M (Metallic)

– Index Number
Pigments are assigned the next available sequential number, within each of the above color categories,
at the time they are added. Gaps can occur in the series as pigments become obsolete and are removed
over time.

2. Constitution Number
It is an assigned five-digit number based on the chemical structure of a colorant, when made available
by the manufacturer.

3. Common Names
A list of the common, generally accepted names for the pigment. This is different than a list of the often
proprietary names paint and pigment manufacturers might give.
CHECK: http://www.artiscreation.com/color_index_index.html

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