Mastering Physics CH 05 HW College Physics I Brian Uzpen LCCC PDF

5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
Ch 05 HW
Due: 9:30am on Monday, February 29, 2016
You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy
Tactics Box 5.2 Identifying Forces
Learning Goal:
To practice Tactics Box 5.2 Identifying Forces.
The first basic step in solving force and motion problems generally involves identifying all of the forces acting on an object. This tactics box provides a
stepbystep method for identifying each force in a problem.
TACTICS BOX 5.2 Identifying forces
1. Identify the object of interest. This is the object whose motion you wish to study.
2. Draw a picture of the situation. Show the object of interest and all other objects—such as ropes, springs, or surfaces—that touch it.
3. Draw a closed curve around the object. Only the object of interest is inside the curve; everything else is outside.
4. Locate every point on the boundary of this curve where other objects touch the object of interest. These are the points where contact forces
are exerted on the object.
5. Name and label each contact force acting on the object. There is at least one force at each point of contact; there may be more than one.
When necessary, use subscripts to distinguish forces of the same type.
6. Name and label each longrange force acting on the object. For now, the only longrange force is the gravitational force.
Apply these steps to the following problem: A crate is pulled up a rough inclined wood board by a tow rope. Identify the forces on the crate.
Part A
Which of the following objects are of interest?
Check all that apply.
ANSWER:
wood board
earth
crate
rope
https://session.masteringphysics.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=4057471 1/20
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
Correct
Now that you have identified the object of interest, draw a sketch of the situation and draw a closed curve around the object, as shown in the
figure below.
Part B
Identify the contact forces exerted on the crate.
ANSWER:
drag
spring force
thrust
normal force
tension
kinetic friction
static friction
gravitational force
Correct
Part C
Identify the longrange forces acting on the crate.
ANSWER:
tension
static friction
kinetic friction
normal force
spring force
thrust
drag
gravitational force
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
Correct
Now that you have identified all the forces acting on the system, your final sketch describing the situation might look like this:
A WorldClass Sprinter
Worldclass sprinters can accelerate out of the starting blocks with an acceleration that is nearly horizontal and has magnitude 15 m/s
2
.
Part A
How much horizontal force F must a sprinter of mass 55 kg exert on the starting blocks to produce this acceleration?
Express your answer in newtons using two significant figures.
Hint 1. Newton's 2nd law of motion
According to Newton's 2nd law of motion, if a net external force Fnet acts on a body, the body accelerates, and the net force is equal to the
mass m of the body times the acceleration a of the body:
F net = ma .
ANSWER:
F = 830 N
Correct
Part B
Which body exerts the force that propels the sprinter, the blocks or the sprinter?
Hint 1. How to approach the question
To start moving forward, sprinters push backward on the starting blocks with their feet. Newton's 3rd law tells you that the blocks exert a force
on the sprinter of the same magnitude, but opposite in direction.
ANSWER:
the blocks
the sprinter
Correct
To start moving forward, sprinters push backward on the starting blocks with their feet. As a reaction, the blocks push forward on their feet with a
force of the same magnitude. This external force accelerates the sprinter forward.
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
Problem 5.14
The figure shows an object's accelerationversusforce graph.
Part A
What is the object's mass?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
ANSWER:
0.250 kg
Correct
Understanding Newton's Laws
Part A
An object cannot remain at rest unless which of the following holds?
Hint 1. How to approach the problem
This problem describes a situation of static equilibrium (i.e., a body that remains at rest). Hence, it is appropriate to apply Newton's 1st law.
Hint 2. Newton's 1st law: a body at rest
According to Newton's 1st law, a body at rest remains at rest if the net force acting on it is zero.
ANSWER:
The net force acting on it is zero.
The net force acting on it is constant and nonzero.
There are no forces at all acting on it.
There is only one force acting on it.
Correct
If there is a net force acting on a body, regardless of whether it is a constant force, the body accelerates. If the body is at rest and the net force
acting on it is zero, then it will remain at rest. The net force could be zero either because there are no forces acting on the body at all or because
several forces are acting on the body but they all cancel out.
Part B
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
If a block is moving to the left at a constant velocity, what can one conclude?
This problem describes a situation of dynamic equilibrium (i.e., a body that moves at a constant velocity). Hence, it is appropriate to apply
Newton's 1st law.
Hint 2. Newton's 1st law: a body in motion
According to Newton's 1st law, a body initially in motion continues to move with constant velocity if the net force acting on it is zero.
ANSWER:
There is exactly one force applied to the block.
The net force applied to the block is directed to the left.
The net force applied to the block is zero.
There must be no forces at all applied to the block.
Correct
If there is a net force acting on a body, regardless of whether the body is already moving, the body accelerates. If a body is moving with constant
velocity, then it is not accelerating and the net force acting on it is zero. The net force could be zero either because there are no forces acting on
the body at all or because several forces are acting on the body but they all cancel out.
Part C
A block of mass 2 kg is acted upon by two forces: 3 N (directed to the left) and 4 N (directed to the right). What can you say about the block's
motion?
This problem describes a situation of dynamic motion (i.e., a body that is acted on by a net force). Hence, it is appropriate to apply Newton's
2nd law, which allows you to relate the net force acting on a body to the acceleration of the body.
Hint 2. Newton's 2nd law
Newton's 2nd law states that a body accelerates if a net force acts on it. The net force is proportional to the acceleration of the body and the
constant of proportionality is equal to the mass of the body. In other words,
F = ma ,
where F is the net force acting on the body, and m and a are the mass and the acceleration of the body, respectively.
Hint 3. Relating acceleration to velocity
Acceleration is defined as the change in velocity per unit time. Keep in mind that both acceleration and velocity are vector quantities.
ANSWER:
It must be moving to the left.
It must be moving to the right.
It must be at rest.
It could be moving to the left, moving to the right, or be instantaneously at rest.
Correct
The acceleration of an object tells you nothing about its velocitythe direction and speed at which it is moving. In this case, the net force on (and
therefore the acceleration of) the block is to the right, but the block could be moving left, right, or in any other direction.
Part D
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
A massive block is being pulled along a horizontal frictionless surface by a constant horizontal force. The block must be __________.
This problem describes a situation of dynamic motion (i.e., a body that is acted on by a net force). Hence, it is appropriate to apply Newton's
2nd law, which allows you to relate the net force acting on a body to the acceleration of the body.
Hint 2. Newton's 2nd law
Newton's 2nd law states that a body accelerates if a net force acts on it. The net force is proportional to the acceleration of the body and the
constant of proportionality is equal to the mass of the body. In other words,
F = ma ,
where F is the net force acting on the body, and m and a are the mass and the acceleration of the body, respectively.
ANSWER:
continuously changing direction
moving at constant velocity
moving with a constant nonzero acceleration
moving with continuously increasing acceleration
Correct
Since there is a net force acting, the body does not move at a constant velocity, but it accelerates instead. However, the force acting on the body
is constant. Hence, according to Newton's 2nd law of motion, the acceleration of the body is also constant.
Part E
Two forces, of magnitude 4 N and 10 N , are applied to an object. The relative direction of the forces is unknown. The net force acting on the object
__________.
By definition, the net force is the vector sum of all forces acting on the object. To find the magnitude of the net force you need to add the
components of the two forces acting. Try adding the two forces graphically (by connecting the head of one force to the tail of the other). The
directions of the two forces are arbitrary, but by trying different possibilities you should be able to determine the maximum and minimum net
forces that could act on the object.
Hint 2. Find the net force when the two forces act on the object in opposite directions
Find the magnitude of the net force if both the forces acting on the object are horizontal and the 10N force is directed to the right, while the 4N
force is directed to the left.
Express your answer in newtons.
Hint 1. Vector addition
The magnitude of the vector sum of two parallel forces is the sum of the magnitudes of the forces. The magnitude of the vector sum of
two antiparallel forces is the absolute value of the difference in magnitudes of the forces.
ANSWER:
6.0 N
Hint 3. Find the direction of the net force when the two forces act in opposite directions
If both the forces acting on the object are horizontal and the 10N force is directed to the right, while the 4N force is directed to the left, the net
force is horizontal and directed __________.
ANSWER:
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
in the same direction as the 10N force
in the opposite direction to the 10N force
ANSWER:
cannot have a magnitude equal to 5 N
cannot have a magnitude equal to 10 N
cannot have the same direction as the force with magnitude 10 N
must have a magnitude greater than 10 N
Correct
Velocity from Force Diagram Ranking Task
Below are birdseye views of six identical toy cars moving to the right at 2 m/s . Various forces act on the cars with magnitudes and directions indicated
below. All forces act in the horizontal plane and are either parallel or at 45 or 90 degrees to the car's motion.
Part A
Rank these cars on the basis of their speed a short time (ie. before any car's speed can reach zero) after the forces are applied.
Rank from largest to smallest. To rank items as equivalent, overlap them.
First, added up the force vectors to find the net force acting on the car. Since you are asked about the speed a short time after the forces are
applied, the speeds of all cars will be close to 2 m/s . For each car, the small difference from 2 m/s will be due to the acceleration caused by
the net force acting on the car. A net force acting to the right will result in a speed greater than 2 m/s , while a net force acting to the left will
result in a speed less than 2 m/s . Recall that the acceleration may be found from the net force by using Newton's 2nd law, ΣF ⃗ = ma⃗ .
Hint 2. Summing force vectors
Forces are vectors and sum in the same way that velocity or acceleration vectors sum. Be careful when resolving vectors into components, if
you need to. Once the force vectors are summed into a single total, or net force ΣF ⃗ , the acceleration a⃗ of the car of mass m can be
determined by Newton’s 2nd law:
⃗
ΣF = ma⃗ .
ANSWER:
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
Correct
Force and Velocity Conceptual Question
At its natural resting length, a muscle is close to its optimal length for producing force. As the muscle contracts, the maximum force it can deliver
decreases. When a muscle is at approximately 80% of its natural length, it cannot contract much more and the force it can produce drops drastically. For a
muscle stretched beyond its natural length, the same is true. At about 120% of its natural length, the force that a muscle can exert again drops drastically.
This muscle length to force relationship can be demonstrated by doing a chinup. As you hang from the bar, your biceps muscles are stretched and can
produce only a relatively small force. As you get close to the bar, your biceps muscles contract substantially, and you again experience difficulty. The
easiest part of the chinup occurs somewhere in between, when your muscles are close to their natural length.
Part A
Imagine hanging from a chinup bar and beginning a chinup. Which of the following velocity versus time graphs best represents the first part of your
motion (from being at rest to being approximately halfway to the bar)? Assume you are trying to do the chinup as quickly as possible.
Hint 1. Determine the variation in muscle force
Based on the description of muscle force, does the force exerted by your biceps increase, decrease, or stay the same during the first half of a
chinup?
ANSWER:
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
It increases.
It decreases.
It stays the same.
Hint 2. Determine the variation in acceleration
Based on the variation in muscle force during the first half of a chinup, does your acceleration increase, decrease, or stay the same during the
first half of a chinup?
ANSWER:
It increases.
It decreases.
It stays the same.
Hint 3. Determine the variation in the slope of the velocity graph
Based on the variation of your acceleration during the first half of a chinup, does the slope of your velocity graph increase, decrease, or stay
the same during the first half of a chinup? Recall that the acceleration at a specific time is equal to the slope of a velocity vs. time graph at
that time.
ANSWER:
It increases.
It decreases.
It stays the same.
ANSWER:
A
B
C
D
E
F
Correct
Video Tutor: Cart with Fan and Sail
First, launch the video below. You will be asked to use your knowledge of physics to predict the outcome of an experiment. Then, close the video window
and answer the question on the right. You can watch the video again at any point.
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
Part A
Which of the force diagrams in the figure correctly displays all of the horizontal forces exerted on the cart by the surrounding air?
First, what does the acceleration of the cart imply about the net force acting on the cart? (Only two of the choices are compatible with the cart’s
behavior.)
Next, decide which direction is correct for the force vectors.
• When the fan pushes air to the right, in which direction does the air push the fan? (Remember how the cart moved in the video when only the
fan was attached to it.)
• When air moving to the right strikes the sail, in which direction does the air push the sail?
ANSWER:
A
B
C
D
Correct
The net force on the cart is zero, since the air is the only thing acting on the cart in the horizontal direction.
Problem 5.18
shows two of the three forces acting on an object in equilibrium.
Part A
Draw the third force ⃗ .
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
⃗
Draw the third force F 3 .
Draw the vector starting at the black dot. The location, orientation, and length of the vector will be graded. You can move the vectors F 1⃗ and

⃗
F2 to construct the required vector, but be sure to return them into their initial positions before submitting the answer.
ANSWER:
Correct
Problem 5.26
Your physics textbook is sliding to the right across the table.
Part A
Identify all forces acting on the object.
ANSWER:
⃗
Thrust F thrust
⃗
Static friction f s
Normal force n⃗
⃗
Kinetic friction f k
⃗
Force of gravity F G
Correct
Part B
Draw a freebody diagram of the object.
Draw the force vectors with their tails at the dot. The orientation of your vectors will be graded. The exact length of your vectors will not be
graded but the relative length of one to the other will be graded.
ANSWER:
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
Correct
Tactics Box 5.3 Drawing a FreeBody Diagram
Learning Goal:
To practice Tactics Box 5.3 Drawing a FreeBody Diagram.
A freebody diagram is a diagram that represents the object as a particle and shows all of the forces acting on the object. Learning how to draw such a
diagram is a very important skill in solving physics problems. This tactics box explains the essential steps to construct a correct freebody diagram.
TACTICS BOX 5.3 Drawing a freebody diagram
1. Identify all forces acting on the object. This step was described in Tactics Box 5.2.
2. Draw a coordinate system. Use the axes defined in your pictorial representation. If those axes are tilted, for motion along an incline, then the
axes of the freebody diagram should be similarly tilted.
3. Represent the object as a dot at the origin of the coordinate axes. This is the particle model.
4. Draw vectors representing each of the identified forces. This was described in Tactics Box 5.1. Be sure to label each force vector.
⃗
5. Draw and label the net force vector F net
⃗
. Draw this vector beside the diagram, not on the particle. Or, if appropriate, write F net = 0 . Then,
⃗
check that F net
⃗
points in the same direction as the acceleration vector a⃗ on your motion diagram.
Apply these steps to the following problem: Your physics book is sliding on the carpet. Draw a freebody diagram.
Part A
Which forces are acting on the book?
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
Hint 1. How to identify all forces acting on the object
These are the steps outlined in Tactics Box 5.2 that will help you to identify all forces acting on the object whose motion you wish to study:
1. Identify the object of interest. This is the object whose motion you wish to study.
2. Draw a picture of the situation. Show the object of interest and all other objects—such as ropes, springs, or surfaces—that touch
it.
3. Draw a closed curve around the object. Only the object of interest is inside the curve; everything else is outside.
4. Locate every point on the boundary of this curve where other objects touch the object of interest. These are the points where
contact forces are exerted on the object.
5. Name and label each contact force acting on the object. There is at least one force at each point of contact; there may be more
than one. When necessary, use subscripts to distinguish forces of the same type.
6. Name and label each longrange force acting on the object. For now, the only longrange force is the gravitational force.
ANSWER:
drag
spring force
tension
static friction
normal force
gravity
kinetic friction
Correct
As explained in Tactics Box 5.2, to identify all the forces acting on the object it helps to sketch the situation. So, draw a closed curve around the
object of interest, and mark and label each contact force and longrange force acting on it. In this problem, your sketch might look like this:
Part B
Draw the most appropriate set of coordinate axes for this problem.
The orientation of your vectors will be graded.
ANSWER:
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
Correct
Part C
In the diagram below, the book is represented by a black dot at the origin of the coordinate axes, in accord with the particle model. Use this diagram to
draw a freebody diagram for this problem that shows all of the forces identified in Part A. Make certain all vectors have the correct orientation, and
choose their magnitudes consistent with the expected direction of the net force.
The net force vector, F net
⃗
, has been provided for you in this item. When you are finished drawing the force vectors identified in Part A, F net
⃗
should
point in the correct direction.
Draw each force vector with its tail centered at the black dot. The location and orientation of your vectors will be graded.
Hint 1. The relationship between the net force and the acceleration
If you apply Newton's second law to this problem, you will find that the net force F net
⃗
should point in the same direction as the book's
acceleration.
Hint 2. Find the direction of the book's acceleration
What is the direction of the book's acceleration? Recall that the book is moving to the right on a surface where friction cannot be neglected.
ANSWER:
to the right
to the left
upward
downward
ANSWER:
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
Correct
Problem 5.4
A baseball player is sliding into second base.
Part A
Identify the forces on the baseball player.
ANSWER:
⃗
Kinetic friction f k
⃗
Static friction f s
Normal force n⃗
⃗
Thrust F thrust
⃗
Gravity F G
Correct
Problem 5.6
Two rubber bands cause an object to accelerate with acceleration a .
Part A
How many rubber bands are needed to cause an object with half the mass to accelerate six times as quickly?
ANSWER:
Correct
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
Video Tutor: Tension in String between Hanging Weights
First, launch the video below. You will be asked to use your knowledge of physics to predict the outcome of an experiment. Then, close the video window
and answer the question at right. You can watch the video again at any point.
Part A
Consider the video tutorial you just watched. Suppose that we duplicate this experimental setup in an elevator. What will the spring scale read if the
elevator is moving upward at constant speed?
What does the phrase "at constant speed" imply about the acceleration of the system?
ANSWER:
Less than 18 N but greater than 0 N
More than 18 N
0 N
18 N
Correct
Since the elevator is not accelerating, the reading on the scale is the same as in the video.
Problem 5.32
A netforce with x component Fx acts on a 2.0kg object as it moves along the x axis. A graph of Fx versus t is shown in the figure .
Part A
Draw an acceleration graph(a x versus t ) for this object.
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
ANSWER:
Correct
Problem 5.44
A rocket is being launched straight up. Air resistance is not negligible.
Part A
Which of the following is the correct motion diagram for the situation described above?
Enter the letter that corresponds with the best answer.
ANSWER:
Correct
Part B
Draw a freebody diagram.
ANSWER:
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
Correct
Problem 5.46
You've slammed on the brakes and your car is skidding to a stop while going down a 20 ∘ hill.
Part A
Which of the following is the correct motion diagram for the system described above?
ANSWER:
figure a
figure b
figure c
figure d
Correct
Part B
Draw a freebody diagram.
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
ANSWER:
Correct
Problem 5.35
A constant force is applied to an object, causing the object to accelerate at 14.0 m/s 2 .
Part A
What will the acceleration be if the force is halved?
ANSWER:
m
a = 7.00
s2
Correct
Part B
What will the acceleration be if the object's mass is halved?
ANSWER:
m
a = 28.0 2
s
Correct
Part C
What will the acceleration be if the force and the object's mass are both halved?
ANSWER:
5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW
m
a = 14.0 s 2
Correct
Part D
What will the acceleration be if the force is halved and the object's mass is doubled?
ANSWER:
m
a = 3.50
s2
Correct
Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 96.3%.
You received 54.89 out of a possible total of 57 points.

Mastering Physics CH 05 HW College Physics I Brian Uzpen LCCC PDF

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5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW

F = 830 N

where F is the net force acting on the body, and m and a are the mass and the acceleration of the body, respectively.

where F is the net force acting on the body, and m and a are the mass and the acceleration of the body, respectively.

Draw the vector starting at the black dot. The location, orientation, and length of the vector will be graded. You can move the vectors F 1⃗ and

A netforce with x component Fx acts on a 2.0kg object as it moves along the x axis. A graph of Fx versus t is shown in the figure .

You might also like

Mastering Physics CH 05 HW College Physics I Brian Uzpen LCCC PDF

Uploaded by

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Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

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Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

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Mastering Physics CH 05 HW College Physics I Brian Uzpen LCCC PDF

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Copyright:

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5/6/2016 Ch 05 HW

F = 830 N

where F is the net force acting on the body, and m and a are the mass and the acceleration of the body, respectively.

where F is the net force acting on the body, and m and a are the mass and the acceleration of the body, respectively.

Draw the vector starting at the black dot. The location, orientation, and length of the vector will be graded. You can move the vectors F 1⃗ and

A net­force with x ­component Fx acts on a 2.0kg object as it moves along the x ­axis. A graph of Fx versus t is shown in the figure .

You might also like

A netforce with x component Fx acts on a 2.0kg object as it moves along the x axis. A graph of Fx versus t is shown in the figure .