Wireline Services Catalog

The services in this catalog are grouped

by their applications. Each service is
briefly described and its measurement
and mechanical specifications listed.
For more information, contact your
Schlumberger representative.
Links are provided on each page to ease
navigation. The PDF may also be browsed
normally.
From the Contents pages, any of the listed
items may be accessed by clicking either
the entry or page number. This eBook is
also bookmarked.
Click here for the table of contents.
For help using Adobe Acrobat Reader,
press the F1 key or click here to access
Adobe Acrobat online help.

For optimal viewing of this document,

it is recommended that you install
the latest version of Acrobat Reader
software. Click the icon to download
the appropriate version:
*Mark of Schlumberger © 2015 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.
Other company, product, and service names are the properties of their respective owners.

Contents | Search | Next

Schlumberger
3750 Briarpark Drive
Houston, Texas 77042
slb.com
Copyright © 2015 Schlumberger. All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transcribed
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
recording, without the prior written permission of the publisher. While the information
presented herein is believed to be accurate, it is provided “as is” without express or
implied warranty. Specifications are current at the time of printing. Temperature
ratings are for the internal tool components.
14-FE-0074
An asterisk (*) is used throughout this document to denote a mark of Schlumberger.
Other company, product, and service names are the properties of their respective owners.
Cover photograph of the Discoverer Enterprise courtesy of Transocean.

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Health, Safety, and the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Health, Safety, and the Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
HSE Management System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
HSE Policy Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Surface Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Surface acquisition and imaging systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Data delivery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
InterACT* global connectivity, collaboration, and information service . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Data formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Telemetry systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Field units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Optimum Service Land Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Universal Payload Medium Service Land Carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
18,000- and 26,000-lbf offshore units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Wireline high-tension conveyance systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Integrated wireline conveyance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Well Conveyance Planner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Conveyance in the hostile conditions of high pressure and high temperature . . . . 17
Strengthening cable capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Improving surface equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Enhancing telemetry and downhole tool power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
TuffLINE* torque-balanced composite wireline cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
UltraTRAC* and UltraTRAC Mono* all-terrain wireline tractors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
TuffTRAC* and TuffTRAC Mono* cased hole services tractors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
MaxTRAC* downhole wireline tractor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Drillpipe-assisted wireline deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
LWF* logging-while-fishing service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
TLC* tough logging conditions system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Depth measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Logging Platforms and Suites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Scanner Family* rock and fluid characterization services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Openhole Scanner services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Cased hole Scanner services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Platform Express* integrated wireline logging tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
ThruBit* through-the-bit logging services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Multi Express* slim multiconveyance formation evaluation platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Xtreme* HPHT well logging platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
SlimXtreme* slimhole HPHT well logging platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
IPL* integrated porosity lithology service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
ABC* analysis behind casing services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Carbonate Advisor* petrophysics and productivity analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
DecisionXpress* petrophysical evaluation system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
DeepLook-EM* crosswell electromagnetic imaging service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
PS Platform* production services platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Wireline Services Catalog ■ Contents iii

Back | Main Menu | Search | Next

 Dielectric Dispersion Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Dielectric Scanner* multifrequency dielectric dispersion service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Resistivity Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Rt Scanner* triaxial induction service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Induction tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
AIT* array induction imager tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Platform Express array induction imager tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Hostile Environment Induction Imager Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
SlimXtreme Array Induction Imager Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Laterolog tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
ARI* azimuthal resistivity imager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
HRLA* high-resolution laterolog array tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
High-Resolution Azimuthal Laterolog Sonde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Microresistivity tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
MicroSFL* spherically focused resistivity tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Micro-Cylindrically Focused Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Powered Caliper Device with microlog tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
CHFR-Plus* and CHFR-Slim* cased hole formation resistivity tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Nuclear Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Gamma ray tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Spectral gamma ray tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
NGS* natural gamma ray spectrometry tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Hostile Environment Natural Gamma Ray Sonde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Litho Scanner* high-definition spectroscopy service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
ECS* elemental capture spectroscopy sonde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Neutron porosity tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
CNL* compensated neutron logging tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Highly Integrated Gamma Ray Neutron Sonde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
SlimXtreme Compensated Neutron Porosity Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
CHFP* cased hole formation porosity service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Array Porosity Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
APS* accelerator porosity sonde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Hostile Environment Accelerator Porosity Sonde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
RSTPro* reservoir saturation tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Density tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Three-Detector Lithology Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Litho-Density* Sonde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Hostile Environment Lithology Density Sonde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
SlimXtreme Litho-Density Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
MR Scanner* expert magnetic resonance service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
CMR-Plus* combinable magnetic resonance tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Acoustic Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Sonic Scanner* acoustic scanning platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
ThruBit Dipole* through-the-bit acoustic service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
DSI* dipole shear sonic imager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Monopole acoustic tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Digital Sonic Logging Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
SlimXtreme Sonic Logging Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

iv Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Search | Next

 Dipmeter and Imaging Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Quanta Geo* photorealistic reservoir geology service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
FMI-HD* high-definition formation microimager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
FMI* fullbore formation microimager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
UBI* ultrasonic borehole imager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
OBMI* oil-base microimager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Drilling and Directional Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
GPIT general purpose inclinometry tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Seismic Imaging Tools and Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Q-Borehole* integrated borehole seismic system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
VSI* versatile seismic imager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
SWINGS* seismic navigation and positioning system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
TRISOR* acoustic source control element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Q-Borehole integrated borehole seismic system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
DeepLook-CS* crosswell seismic imaging service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
CSI* combinable seismic imager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Q-Borehole Explorer* high-output, wide-bandwidth truck vibrator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Other land seismic sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Marine seismic sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Formation Testing and Sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
MDT Forte* and MDT Forte-HT* rugged and high-temperature modular formation
dynamics testers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
MDT* modular formation dynamics tester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Saturn* 3D radial probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Quicksilver Probe* focused fluid extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
InSitu Fluid Analyzer* real-time downhole fluid analysis system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
InSitu Composition* and InSitu CO2* sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
InSitu GOR* sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
InSitu Color* sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
InSitu Density* sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
InSitu Viscosity* sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
InSitu Fluorescence* sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
InSitu pH* sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
InSitu Resistivity* sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Pressure and temperature sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Fluid profiling characterization of reservoir fluid properties variation . . . . . . . . . . . 154
InSitu Pro* real-time quality control and interpretation software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Advanced MDT tester modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Dual-Packer Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Dual-Probe Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Flow-Control Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Pumpout Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
LFA* live fluid analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
CFA* composition fluid analyzer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
MDT tester low-shock sampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
MDT tester Multisample Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Contents v

Back | Main Menu | Search | Next

 PressureXpress-HT* high-temperature reservoir pressure service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
PressureXpress* reservoir pressure while logging service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
SRFT* slimhole repeat formation tester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
CHDT* cased hole dynamics tester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
XL-Rock* large-volume rotary sidewall coring service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
MSCT* mechanical sidewall coring tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
CST* chronological sample taker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Well Integrity Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Isolation Scanner* cement evaluation service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Cement bond logging tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
SlimXtreme Sonic Logging Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Cement bond log from Digital Sonic Logging Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Cement bond log from Hostile Environment Sonic Logging Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Slim Cement Mapping Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Memory Slim Cement Bond Logging Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
USI* ultrasonic imager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
EM Pipe Scanner* electromagnetic casing inspection tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Corrosion monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
UCI* ultrasonic casing imager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
PS Platform Multifinger Imaging Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Production Logging Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Flow Scanner* horizontal and deviated well production logging system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
PS Platform production services platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
RSTPro reservoir saturation tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
WFL* water flow log from the RSTPro reservoir saturation tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
RSTPro tool with silica activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
CPLT* combinable production logging tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
Combinable Gamma Ray Sonde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Phase Velocity Sonde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
FloView* holdup measurement tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Multiple-Isotope Spectroscopy Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Perforating Services and Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
SPAN Rock* stressed rock perforating analysis and Schlumberger premium charges . . 211
PowerJet Nova* extradeep penetrating shaped charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
PowerJet Omega* deep penetrating perforating shaped charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
PFrac Nova* perforating charge for optimizing stimulation treatment . . . . . . . . . . . 212
PowerFlow* slug-free big hole shaped charge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Perforating explosives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Gun systems and charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Capsule gun systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Enerjet* expendable strip gun system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Pivot Gun* through-tubing perforating gun system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
PowerSpiral* spiral-phased capsule perforating system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Hollow carrier perforating gun systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
HSD* high shot density perforating gun system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Fractal* multistage stimulation perforating system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Frac Gun multistage fracture stimulation perforating gun system . . . . . . . . . . 216

vi Wireline Services Catalog 

Back | Main Menu | Search | Next

 PURE* clean perforations system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Detonation systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Secure2* RF-safe electronic detonator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
S.A.F.E.* slapper-actuated firing equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
ASFS* addressable-switch firing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Perforating accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Casing collar locator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
UPCT* universal perforating and correlation tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
PGGT* powered gun gamma tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
WPP* wireline perforating platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Wireline Oriented Perforating Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Through-tubing perforating positioning devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Magnetic Positioning Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Spring Positioning Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Wireline Perforating Anchor Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Cutters and colliding tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
PowerCutter* precision tubular cutter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Punchers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Well Intervention Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
ReSOLVE* instrumented wireline intervention service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
High-force linear actuator tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Selective universal shifting tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Nonexplosive setting tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Milling tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
Casing Packer Setting Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Gauge ring and junk basket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
PosiSet* mechanical plugback tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
Auxiliary Measurements and Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Caliper log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Auxiliary Compression Tension Sub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Environmental Measurement Sonde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
FPIT* free-point indicator tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
CERT* correlated electromagnetic retrieval tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250

Contents vii

Back | Main Menu | Search | Next

Introduction

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


During the early 1900s Conrad and
Marcel Schlumberger experimented
with surface electrical measurements as
a way of defining the Earth’s subsurface
structure. In 1927 they performed their
experiment in an oil well in France for
the Pechelbronn Oil Company.
The result was the first electrical
log, and it showed conclusively that geo-
logic formations penetrated by the drill
could be identified by electrical mea-
surements. The electric log gave eyes to
the oil finders, who previously could rely
only on drill cuttings and core samples.
In the years since that historic event
in France, Schlumberger has become
the world’s leading supplier of technol-
ogy, integrated project management,
and information solutions to custom-
ers working in the oil and gas industry
worldwide. Employing approximately
123,000 people representing over
140 nationalities and working in more
than 85 countries, Schlumberger pro-
vides the industry’s widest range of
products and services from exploration
through production.
Schlumberger is organized as an
integrated oilfield services company
in GeoMarket* regions that provide
customers with a single point of contact
at the local level for field operations and
bring together geographically focused
teams to meet local needs and deliver
customized solutions. Working together
Wireline Services Catalog ■ Introduction 3
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
with the company’s 15 product lines, the
GeoMarket regions provide a powerful
conduit through which information
and know-how flow to the customers,
and through which Schlumberger
engineers and geoscientists maximize
technological synergies over the entire
life of the field.
The importance of the timely flow
of information is especially true in the
oil and gas industry, where critical
decisions hinge upon the availability of
data. Data acquired by Schlumberger
is made available to operators in real
time by using the Internet and satellite
communication networks. Decisions
made on the basis of these data can be
implemented quickly and efficiently.
As wells proliferate in deeper water
depths with attendant high pressures
and high temperatures, the operating
envelope of logging tools is also being
expanded to provide the same reliable
performance and high-quality data as
in conventional wells. Similarly, well
geometries are becoming increasingly
complex. To meet this challenge,
most logging tools in use today can be
conveyed on drillpipe, coiled tubing, or
wireline tractors to address a wide range
of well conditions.
Oil fields around the world are aging,
driving an increasing need to evaluate
old wells. Schlumberger provides state-
of-the-art formation evaluation services
Introduction
in cased wells, including measurements
that until recently were available only
in openhole environments. On a larger
scale, efficient decision making for
full-field enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
projects progresses from measurements
for determining feasibility to pilot
projects for understanding the complex
interaction of injected agents with
existing reservoir fluids in the ever-
changing downhole environment.
Production logging, cement and
corrosion evaluation, and nuclear
measurements made after casing has
been set are increasingly used to identify
problems and monitor well performance.
The comprehensive Schlumberger line
of production services is engineered
for safety, reliability, and performance.
New perforation systems have also been
developed with a focus on maximizing
production by engineering shaped
charges to shoot deeper in stressed rock
at downhole pressures and temperatures.
The services in this catalog are
grouped according to their applications.
A brief description of each service
and its measurement and mechanical
specifications are included. For
more information on designing a
logging program to meet your specific
needs, contact your Schlumberger
representative.
Health, Safety, and
the Environment

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 Health, Safety, and
the Environment
Schlumberger has a long-standing HSE The HSE Management System model These are continuously improved by
commitment to the highest standards comprises eight interrelated components: conformance checks
for the health and safety of our employ- ■ commitment and leadership ■ on day-to-day standards and
ees, customers, and contractors as well and accountability procedures (controls)
as to the protection of the environment ■ policies and objectives ■ on the management system
in the communities in which we live
■ organization and resources (correction)
and work.
■ through modifications to
■ contractor and supplier

management the management system

HSE Management System ■ risk management
(improvement).
The Schlumberger HSE Management ■ business processes
System defines the principles by which
■ performance monitoring and
we conduct our operations worldwide
with regards to health, safety, and the improvement
environment. ■ audits and reviews.

Management communicates the

HSE philosophy to all employees, cus-
tomers, contractors, and third parties
associated with our business, and each
Schlumberger organization must pro-
vide positive evidence of conformance to
the system.

Commitment and Leadership and Accountability

Policies and Objectives Improvement

Organization and Resources

Contractor and Supplier Management

Corrections

Risk Management

Business Processes

Performance Monitoring and Improvement Controls

Audits and Reviews

Wireline Services Catalog ■ Health, Safety, and the Environment 7

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 HSE Policy Statement
Statement from Paal Kibsgaard, Schlumberger Chief Executive Officer
The long-term business success of Schlumberger depends on our ability to continually improve the
quality of our services and products while protecting people and the environment. Emphasis must be
placed on ensuring human health, operational safety, environmental protection, quality enhancement,
and community goodwill. This commitment is in the best interests of our customers, our employees and
contractors, our stockholders, and the communities in which we live and work.
Schlumberger requires the active commitment to, and accountability for, QHSE from all employees
and contractors. Line management has a leadership role in the communication and implementation of,
and ensuring compliance with, QHSE policies and standards. We are committed to
■ Protect, and strive for improvement of, the health, safety and security of our people at all times;

■ Eliminate Quality non-conformances and HSE accidents;

■ Meet specified customer requirements and ensure continuous customer satisfaction;

■ Set Quality & HSE performance objectives, measure results, assess and continually improve processes,

services and product quality, through the use of an effective management system;
■ Plan for, respond to and recover from any emergency, crisis and business disruption;

■ Minimize our impact on the environment through pollution prevention, reduction of natural resource

consumption and emissions, and the reduction and recycling of waste;

■ Apply our technical skills to all HSE aspects in the design and engineering of our services and products;

■ Communicate openly with stakeholders and ensure an understanding of our QHSE policies, standards,

programs and performance. Reward outstanding QHSE performance;

■ Improve our performance on issues relevant to our stakeholders that are of global concern and on

which we can have an impact, and share with them our knowledge of successful QHSE programs
and initiatives.
This Policy shall be regularly reviewed to ensure ongoing suitability. The commitments listed are
in addition to our basic obligation to comply with Schlumberger standards, as well as all applicable
laws and regulations where we operate. This is critical to our business success because it allows us
to systematically minimize all losses and adds value for all our stakeholders.

Paal Kibsgaard
Chief Executive Officer
Last Update on 14 December 2011

8 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Surface Systems

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 Surface Acquisition and Imaging Systems

All Schlumberger new-generation
wireline logging units are equipped
with the Enhanced Wireline Acquisition
Front-End (eWAFE). The eWAFE
system’s modular, versatile, and fully
redundant architecture improves on
the predecessor MAXIS* multitask
acquisition and imaging system to enable
combining and conveying the latest and
most complex array of sensors in the
Schlumberger portfolio. Under the full
configuration, eight programmable,
high-density universal power modules
(UPMs) can simultaneously supply
several types of power (AC, DC, EMEX,
and three-phase AC) at more than
3 times the output power of the MAXIS
system. In the event of a modular unit
failure, the field engineer can switch
to the built-in backup module with
minimum downtime.
The eWAFE system interfaces down-
hole tools with the high-end acquisition
and data-recording processors of the
Modular Configuration MAXIS system
(MCM) through MaxWell* integrated
field acquisition software. MaxWell soft-
ware provides data acquisition and tool
control functionality, real-time playback
capabilities, wellsite answer solutions
comparable to those from a processing
center, and real-time data transmission
via satellite or the communications
module built into the eWAFE system.
In combination with InterACT* global
connectivity, collaboration, and infor-
mation service, the eWAFE system
securely delivers real-time log data
from remote sites to support timely deci-
sion making concerning the reservoir
and well.

Wireline Services Catalog ■ Surface Systems 11

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Data Delivery
Schlumberger recognizes that the data
gathered in the field must be transferred
to the users as reliably and as quickly as
possible. To this end, Schlumberger has
a proven global data delivery network
that securely, reliably, and efficiently
transfers data from remote sites. Data
can be transmitted from the wellsite and
forwarded via e-mail, facsimile, and File
Transfer Protocol (FTP). Schlumberger
InterACT global connectivity, collabora-
tion, and information service furthers
real-time data accessibility from a Web
browser. InterACT service supports
■ transfer of real-time wireline, drilling,
and completion data
■ secure, managed sharing of project
data with third parties and partners
■ all project data gathered in one
location, regardless of who produced
them.
InterACT global connectivity,
collaboration, and
information service
InterACT global connectivity, collabo-
ration, and information service is a
user-friendly, intuitive system that
requires no installation of specialized
software. From a connection to either
the Internet or a local intranet, data
are downloaded or viewed using inter-
active, customizable graphics viewers
on a PC or conveniently on iPhone®
and iPad® mobile digital devices by
using InterACT service’s app. Real-time
data can be automatically and continu-
ously delivered to and viewed on the
user’s computer or mobile device.
12 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
The wellsite engineer simply uploads
graphical or digital data to the InterACT
website for remote users to view or
analyze in real time. Formats supported
include Digital Log Information Standard
(DLIS), Log ASCII Standard (LAS), and
American Standard Code for Information
Interchange (ASCII) for digital data
and Picture Description System (PDS),
Tagged Image File Format (TIFF), or
many other file types for graphical data.
The embedded log graphics viewer
provides options to view and manipulate
wireline data. For example, wireline and
drilling data can be viewed concurrently
on the same log presentation.
During operations such as reservoir
sampling, experts at different loca-
tions can collaborate on data viewed or
interpreted in real time for immediate
decision making on critical issues.
The most difficult part of data
exchange is sending data from a remote
site. Because local telecommunication
systems in some areas can be unreli-
able, Schlumberger uses proprietary
transfer protocols to ensure robust
data transfer. Encrypted data are com-
pressed for efficiency, and automatic
link recovery is available if telecommu-
nications breaks occur. This superior
transfer process means that InterACT
service can be used even in areas with
unsophisticated communication links.
InterACT service uses best-in-class
security standards for both hardware
and software. All data transfer uses
128-bit Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
encryption. The system meets industry
security standards, minimizing the risk
of data disclosure. If an intranet-only
solution is preferred, Schlumberger can
install and maintain the system in the
customer’s office.
The same process used for internal
team members easily controls partner
access to data. Because the data reside
centrally in the system database, there
is no need for continual updates and
distribution. Partners access specified
data at the operator’s discretion.
Data formats
MaxWell integrated field acquisition
software creates and records three
industry formats:
■ DLIS—Created by Schlumberger
initially as the Log Information
Standard (LIS), DLIS is the
industry standard today for
all well acquisition data.
■ LAS and ASCII—This reduced
dataset is regularly used for
interpretation conducted on
standard PCs and is compatible
with customer-proprietary and
commercially available software.
■ Portable document format (PDF)—
This file format for electronic
images is used for graphical display,
manipulation, and printing of data
curves and imaging logs.
Other limited formats can be gener-
ated upon request.
Telemetry systems cable (AWG 18 and 16 conductors and Low-rate telemetry system—The
new-generation polymer), EDTS 2.0 Low-Bandwidth Telemetry System
The telemetry system provides the
and EFTB 2.0 use state-of-the-art error (LTS) is the latest addition to extend
interface through which data are
detection and correction protocols to bandwidth coverage to very low data
delivered from the downhole toolstring
ensure highly reliable high-rate data rates for certain services. LTS telemetry
to the surface data acquisition and
transmission with the lowest error rates range from a few hundred bits per
processing system.
rate on cables exceeding 40,000 ft second up to 10 Kbps. LTS operates in
High-rate telemetry system—The
[12,200 m] in length. parallel and transparently to the main
Enhanced Digital Telemetry System
Medium-rate telemetry system— EDTS and MTS telemetry systems,
(EDTS) uses an enhanced fast
The Monocable Telemetry System and the related downhole hardware is
tool bus (EFTB) in downhole tools
(MTS) has been specially developed for incorporated in the downhole tool.
to provide data rates up to 2  Mbps
mono cable or coaxial cable operations
for the uplink rate. EDTS and
in cased hole applications. MTS is a
EFTB Versions 2.0 double the data
single-channel quadrature amplitude
transmission bandwidth up to 4 Mbps
modulation (QAM) link with data
and are backward compatible with all
speed rates from 10 to 100 Kbps for the
existing EDTS and EFTB systems. This
uplink rate. MTS comes as a separate
represents a 40% increase in bandwidth
downhole cartridge or is incorporated
compared with the first-generation
in the hardware of a downhole tool
Cable Telemetry System (CTS). Along
using MTS.
with the enhanced wireline hepta

Specifications
EDTC-H Telemetry Cartridge
Temperature rating 400 degF [204 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
30,000 psi [207 MPa]
Outside diameter 3.625 in [9.21 cm]

Surface Systems 13

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Field Units
Optimum Service
Land Carrier
The Optimum Service Land Carrier
(OSLC) is used to perform open- or
cased hole logging operations. The
design emphasis for this integrated,
full-service logging carrier minimizes
the overall size of the truck but still
provides full cable capacity by allowing
the use of existing large-capacity
winch drum reels (WDRs). The
resulting unit efficiently performs full-
service operations from an inter­
mediate-size vehicle. The OSLC also
has excellent off-road capabilities
through its 6×4 drive configuration.
The cabin layout has both the winch
operator and engineer facing the rig.
The three versions of the OSLC are
equipped with the fully redundant
eWAFE acquisition system and can
carry a maximum of 28,000 ft [8,500 m]
of 7-46 standard cable or 26,500 ft
[8,080 m] of high-power, high-tension
hepta cable on the WDR-42 drum.
■ OSLC-G is built on the Renault
Trucks 6×4 K 380 chassis meeting
Euro 5 emissions regulations in
Europe or Euro 3 outside Europe
and North America.
■ OSLC-H is the equivalent North
American truck, compliant with
US EPA 2007 and recent 2010
emissions regulations. It is built on
the Kenworth 6×4 T800 chassis.
■ OSLC-F is similar to the OSLC-G.
Built on the Renault 6×6 K 380
chassis and equipped with Euro  3
engines, its main application is
offroad desert operations.
14 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Universal Payload Medium
Service Land Carrier
The latest generation Medium Service
Land Carrier is the Universal Payload
(UPL), which features an eWAFE-
equipped (upgradable to fully redun-
dant eWAFE configuration) medium
service logging cabin that is integrated
with various chassis by employing
specifically designed subframes. This
modular design makes it easy to export
the UPL to meet emissions regulations
for different locations. The cabin is
fitted onsite on a locally available and
qualified chassis, which avoids delays
from lengthy customs clearance and
emissions compliance determination
for a fully integrated vehicle. North
American integration is conducted in
the USA, Southeast Asia (right-hand
drive) integration is in Australia, and
all others are in France. The UPL
replaces the MAXIS Express* Medium
Service Land Carrier (MSLC) with
similar specifications: 4×4 or 4×2
chassis, 16,000 ft [4,880 m] of stan-
dard 7-46 logging cable on the WDR-56
drum, and suitable for most openhole
and cased hole operations.
18,000- and 26,000-lbf
offshore units
Schlumberger heavy-duty modular off-
shore skid units are used to deploy
standard high-strength cable and
TuffLINE* 18000 and 26000 torque-
balanced composite wireline cables.
The OSU-PA and OSU-PB units using
TuffLINE 18000 cable can provide
instantaneous pull of up to 18,000 lbf
[80,070 N] for stick prevention and
mitigation without a capstan. If oper-
ating conditions will result in normal
logging tension exceeding 13,000  lbf
[57,800 N], the OSU-PA or OSU-PB can
be interfaced with a capstan to pro-
vide up to 21,500-lbf [95,640-N] pull
capacity with standard high-strength
cable. The OSU-N unit interfaced with
the 26,000‑lbf [115,660‑N] capstan
and TuffLINE 26000 cable can provide
26,000-lbf pull capacity with more than
43,000 ft [13,100 m] of cable capacity
on the drum.
The OSU-PB and the MONU-B are
CE-marked electrohydraulic units
certified for Zone 2 operations.
Specifications
Modular components
Acquisition system
Drum capacity
Pull capacity without capstan
Capstan pull capability
Special applications
Surface Systems 15
OSU-PA and OSU-PB
Offshore Units
Power pack module (POSU):
• Diesel (OSU-PA)
• Electrohydraulic (OSU-PB)
Logging module (COSU):
• High-tension cabin
Winch module (WOSU):
• High-tension WOSU
with WDR‑59 drum
Full-configuration
dual eWAFE system
WDR-59 with TuffLINE 18000
cable: 33,000 ft [10,060 m]
WOSU: 18,000 lbf [80,070 N]
Zone-rated, deck-mounted dual drum
(WDDC-BB): 24,000 lbf [106,760 N]
ATEX zone-rated, CE-marked, deck-
or derrick-mounted dual drum
(ZPPC): 24,000 lbf [106,760 N]
Single or modular deployment
DNV 2.7-1, 2.7-2, 2-22
OSU-PB: CE and ATEX Zone 2
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
MONU-B Offshore Unit
Power pack module (EHPS):
• Electrohydraulic
Logging module (ONCC):
• Offshore NORSOK-compliant cabin
Winch module (WDDS or WOSU):
• Zone‑rated WDDS with
WDR-59 drum
• High-tension WOSU
with WDR-59 drum
Full-configuration
dual eWAFE system
WDR-59 with TuffLINE 18000
cable: 33,000 ft [10,060 m]
WDDS: 11,400 lbf [50,710 N]
WOSU: 18,000 lbf [80,070 N]
ATEX zone-rated, CE-marked,
deck-  or derrick-mounted dual drum
(ZPPC): 24,000 lbf [106,760 N]
Modular deployment
WOSU: DNV 2.7-1, 2.7-2, 2-22
NORSOK and CE Zone 2
OSU-N Offshore Unit
Power pack module (POSU):
• Redundant, dual electrohydraulic,
base frame mounted
Logging module (COSU):
• Ultradeepwater cabin
• High-tension cabin
Winch module (WOSU):
• Ultradeepwater WOSU 
with WDR-70 drum
• High-tension WOSU
with WDR-59 drum
Full-configuration
dual eWAFE system
WDR-70 with TuffLINE 26000
cable: 43,000 ft [13,100 m]
WDR-59 with TuffLINE 18000
cable: 33,000 ft [10,060 m]
18,000 lbf [80,070 N]
Zone-rated, deck-mounted dual drum
(WDDC-BC): 26,000 lbf [115,660 N]
Single deployment
DNV 2.7-1
Quick-swap winch drum capability
Wireline High-Tension Conveyance Systems

Integrated wireline
conveyance
From conventional well environments
to ultradeep and highly deviated
wells and where increased pulling
power is required, Schlumberger
provides efficient and reliable wireline
conveyance. The deployment of
TuffLINE torque-balanced composite
wireline cable on an integrated high-
tension conveyance system expands
wireline data acquisition capabilities
with unprecedented improvements
in safety, efficiency, reliability, and
sticking avoidance, especially for high-
tension operations. The integration
of high-strength cable, heavy-duty
modular logging units, an optional
capstan package providing complete
tension relief, WellSKATE* low-friction
well conveyance accessories, and the
SureLOC* electronically controlled
cable release device (ECRD) as
designed using the Well Conveyance
Planner means that well trajectories
and conditions that were not previously
wireline accessible no longer have
to automatically resort to alternative
methods of conveyance. As necessary,
wireline deployment can be augmented
with the use of wireline tractors.
Well Conveyance Planner
Reliable conveyance for both routine
and high-tension operations begins
with calculation of the pulling
capabilities and associated operating
risk by the Well Conveyance Planner.
This comprehensive planning tool
recommends the optimal conveyance
system while identifying system
components that exceed specifications.
The user can modify operational
conditions and equipment and also
specify customer requirements for
the planner to recompute conveyance
capabilities. To avoid the operational
limitations of mechanical weakpoints
and previous-generation ECRDs, a
SureLOC cable release device is used.
The design can also incorporate a
wide range of WellSKATE low-friction
conveyance accessories to significantly
decrease the risk of differential sticking
by rolling instead of sliding to reduce
friction coefficients and by keeping the
toolstring away from the borehole wall.

Sheave hanger

Sheave wheel

TuffLINE cable Winch drum

Optional capstan Offshore unit

Tieback sling

Weakpoint Capstan-free pull capability: 18,000 lbf

Pull capability with capstan:
TuffLINE 26000 cable: 26,000 lbf

SureLOC
cable release device

Antisticking accessories

The integrated wireline high-tension conveyance system provides efficient and reliable deployment.

16 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Specifications
Safe working load
Max. tool-release head tension
Temperature rating
Pressure rating
Special applications
Conveyance in the hostile
conditions of high pressure
and high temperature
Wireline formation evaluation technol-
ogy and its conveyance are put to the
test when logging deep wells. As wells
get deeper, the pressure and tempera-
ture rise, which increases the risks asso-
ciated with deployment and operation.
Wells with static bottomhole tempera-
tures greater than 302 degF [150 degC],
bottomhole pressures higher than
20,000 psi [138 MPa], or both conditions
are generally regarded as high pressure,
high temperature (HPHT). However,
despite the increased risks and costs of
HPHT operations, the number of deep
and ultradeep wells drilled continues
to grow worldwide. The challenges that
the depths, pressures, and tempera-
tures of these wells present to forma-
tion evaluation are met by the following
significant technological developments
in conveyance.
650
550
Reservoir 450
temperature,
degF 350
250
Conventional
150
0 5,000
Global HPHT conditions pose challenges for wireline deployment and operations.
Surface Systems 17
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
SureLOC Cable Release Device
SureLOC 8000: 8,000 lbf [35,580 N]
SureLOC 12000: 12,000 lbf [53,380 N]
At surface: 1,000 lbf [4,450 N]
SureLOC 8000: 400 degF [204 degC]
SureLOC 12000: 500 degF [260 degC]
SureLOC 8000: 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
SureLOC 12000: 30,000 psi [207 MPa]
SureLOC 12000: MP35N® H₂S-resistant alloy
Strengthening cable
capabilities
When ultradeep wells are logged, their
pressure and temperature are not the
only concerns: extreme depths limit
conventional high-strength wireline
conveyance because of the high surface
tension that results from increased
drag and the weight of the logging
cable itself. Deploying logging tools on
drillpipe using the TLC* tough logging
conditions system can overcome these
limitations, but TLC operations take
more time and cost more because of
the reduced efficiency associated
with tripping drillpipe. To solve the
ultradeep well dilemma, TuffLINE
18000 and 26000 composite cables were
developed as the central element of
the integrated wireline high-tension
conveyance system. From the cable
through the surface equipment, the
system provides a complete conveyance
solution for every possible extreme well
High temperature
High pressure
10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000
Reservoir pressure, psi
environment: HPHT, ultradeepwater,
extended-reach, and complex trajectory
wells. The efficiency gains resulting from
wireline logging of ultradeep wells by
using the integrated conveyance system
translate to significant cost savings for
the operator.
TuffLINE torque-balanced compos-
ite wireline cable employs the break-
through technology of polymer-locked
armors to effectively overcome the
fundamental limitations of conven-
tional armored cables. The result is
not just high-strength capability, but
also unprecedented improvements in
safety. TuffLINE 26000 cable is the
industry’s highest-strength cable, with
a safe working load (SWL) of 26,000 lbf
[115,650 N] and an ends-free break-
ing strength in excess of 40,000 lbf
[178,000 N].
Polymer locking of the inner and
outer armors balances TuffLINE 18000
cable’s torque in a consistent low state.
With only negligible torque buildup
possible, birdcaging and premature cable
breakage are prevented. TuffLINE 18000
cable also incorporates a unique
polymer-reinforced crush-resistant core.
Improving surface equipment
Improved surface equipment is another
critical component of the integrated
conveyance system for deploying
TuffLINE 18000 and 26000 cables at
high tension and in HPHT conditions.
Operations with continuous logging
tensions of 13,000 lbf [57,800 N] or
lower can deploy TuffLINE cable
using a Schlumberger modular heavy-
duty offshore unit without involving a
capstan, which significantly reduces
risk. When logging tension exceeds
13,000 lbf or maximum pull tension
in excess of 18,000 lbf [80,070 N]
is required, an optional dual-drum
capstan can be employed. The dual-
drum capstan is a powered multisheave
conveyance system that is placed
between the well and the logging
unit to decrease the cable tension
below the cable-crushing tension of
8,000  lbf [35,580  N] before the cable
is spooled onto the storage drum. Full
integration of capstan control with
the storage drum provides a safer,
seamless operation and enables the
winch operator to focus on the well
conditions. The specially designed
high-tension dual-drum system
conveying TuffLINE  26000 cable can
safely sustain 26,000-lbf tension in
the well at conveyance speeds to
15,000 ft/h [4,570 m/h].
Enhancing telemetry and
downhole tool power
The extralong cables required for
ultradeep well logging must be capa-
ble of transmitting sufficient power
downhole to run high-power, complex
toolstrings while enabling seamless
transmission of increasingly larger
amounts of data uphole to the surface.
Because of physical limitations, data
transmission telemetry systems have
proved to be unreliable at extreme well
depths. When long cables are run in
deep wells, the amount of power and
telemetry bandwidth available at the
tool end is limited by the cable conduc-
tor line resistance. Increasing the well
temperature raises the line resistance
and adversely affects cable transmission
characteristics, further limiting power
and telemetry transmission.
Unlike standard high-strength
cables, TuffLINE 18000 cable has
18  AWG gauge conductors and
TuffLINE 26000 cable has industry-
leading 16  AWG gauge conductors
enabling reliable conveyance of tool
combinations longer than 175  ft
[53  m] and at 4,000-lbf [17,790‑N]
weight in well depths exceeding
40,000 ft [12,190 m]. Combining tools
reduces the number of descents in the
well, saving an average of 12 h or more
per trip on a deepwater rig.
Complementing TuffLINE cable’s
high-capacity electrical power and
telemetry capabilities, the OSU-PA and
OSU-PB surface units are Det Norske
Veritas (DNV) 2.22 certified to pull
to 18,000 lbf. The OSU-N unit com-
bined with the high-tension dual-drum
capstan system can store 43,000 ft
[13,100  m] of TuffLINE 26000 cable
and sustain 26,000-lbf tension. All
these high-tension heavy-duty units are
equipped with the highly integrated
Enhanced Wireline Acquisition Front-
End (eWAFE) acquisition system to pro-
vide full redundancy, increased power,
and enhanced telemetry for deploying
large, seamless tool combinations in
ultradeep wells.

Specifications
Modular components
Acquisition system
Drum capacity
Pull capacity without capstan
Capstan pull capability
Special applications
OSU-PA and OSU-PB
Offshore Units
Power pack module (POSU):
• Diesel (OSU-PA)
• Electrohydraulic (OSU-PB)
Logging module (COSU):
• High-tension cabin
Winch module (WOSU):
• High-tension WOSU
with WDR‑59 drum
Full-configuration
dual eWAFE system
WDR-59 with TuffLINE 18000
cable: 33,000 ft [10,060 m]
WOSU: 18,000 lbf [80,070 N]
Zone-rated, deck-mounted dual drum
(WDDC-BB): 24,000 lbf [106,760 N]
ATEX zone-rated, CE-marked, deck-
or derrick-mounted dual drum
(ZPPC): 24,000 lbf [106,760 N]
Single or modular deployment
DNV 2.7-1, 2.7-2, 2-22
OSU-PB: CE and ATEX Zone 2
MONU-B Offshore Unit
Power pack module (EHPS):
• Electrohydraulic
Logging module (ONCC):
• Offshore NORSOK-compliant cabin
Winch module (WDDS or WOSU):
• Zone‑rated WDDS with
WDR-59 drum
• High-tension WOSU
with WDR-59 drum
Full-configuration
dual eWAFE system
WDR-59 with TuffLINE 18000
cable: 33,000 ft [10,060 m]
WDDS: 11,400 lbf [50,710 N]
WOSU: 18,000 lbf [80,070 N]
ATEX zone-rated, CE-marked,
deck-  or derrick-mounted dual drum
(ZPPC): 24,000 lbf [106,760 N]
Modular deployment
WOSU: DNV 2.7-1, 2.7-2, 2-22
NORSOK and CE Zone 2
OSU-N Offshore Unit
Power pack module (POSU):
• Redundant, dual electrohydraulic,
base frame mounted
Logging module (COSU):
• Ultradeepwater cabin
• High-tension cabin
Winch module (WOSU):
• Ultradeepwater WOSU 
with WDR-70 drum
• High-tension WOSU
with WDR-59 drum
Full-configuration
dual eWAFE system
WDR-70 with TuffLINE 26000
cable: 43,000 ft [13,100 m]
WDR-59 with TuffLINE 18000
cable: 33,000 ft [10,060 m]
18,000 lbf [80,070 N]
Zone-rated, deck-mounted dual drum
(WDDC-BC): 26,000 lbf [115,660 N]
Single deployment
DNV 2.7-1
Quick-swap winch drum capability

18 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Torque-Balanced Composite Wireline Cable
With high-strength capability, cable
conveyance remains the most cost-
effective method for deploying tools
in and out of wells. For increasing
well depths, trajectory complexity,
and toolstring weight, Schlumberger
has developed TuffLINE 18000 and
26000 ultrastrength wireline cables
for operations with up to 18,000  lbf
[80,070‑N] and 26,000‑lbf [115,650‑N]
tension, respectively. TuffLINE 18000
and 26000 composite cables employ
the breakthrough technology of
polymer-locked armors to overcome
the fundamental limitations of current
armored cables. Polymer locking of
both the inner and outer armors means
that the cable is torque balanced,
remaining in a consistent state of
low torque to prevent birdcaging and
premature cable breakage. Polymer
locking of the armors prevents rotation
to effectively maintain TuffLINE
TuffLINE
cable in a permanent ends-fixed
situation, which raises the ends-free
breaking strength safety margins to an
unprecedented 9,000 lbf [40,000 N] for
TuffLINE 18000 cable and 10,000 lbf
[44,450 N] for TuffLINE  26000 cable
above the safe working load.
The multilayered core of TuffLINE
18000 cable is crushproof. Cold flow
and the permanent deformation it
causes are further prevented by the
polymer locking of the armors. Spooling
tensions to 13,000 lbf [57,800  N] and
instantaneous pull to 18,000 lbf are
possible for TuffLINE 18000 cable
without requiring use of a tension-
relief capstan or having to resort to
time-consuming pipe-conveyed opera-
tions. TuffLINE 26000 cable can be
spooled at any tension up to 26,000 lbf
because it is deployed with a capstan.
Incorporation of 18 AWG gauge
connectors in TuffLINE 18000 cable
and AWG 16 gauge connectors in
TuffLINE  26000 cable enables the
reliable conveyance of significantly
larger, seamless tool combinations in
deeper wells.
Applications
■ Deepwater and ultradeepwater
wells
■ Extended-reach and complex
trajectory wells
■ Deepwater wells with rig-up
constraints for capstan operations
■ Reservoir sampling and pressure
measurement involving long
station times with long and
heavy toolstrings

Specifications
Ends-fixed breaking strength
Ends-free breaking strength
Safe working load
Temperature rating
Cable OD
Cable weight
Max. (rms) voltage, V
Max. current per conductor, A
TuffLINE 18000 Cable TuffLINE 26000 Cable
28,000 lbf [124,550 N] >40,000 lbf [>178,000 N]
27,000 lbf [120,100 N] >36,000 lbf [>160,150 N]
18,000 lbf [80,070 N] 26,000 lbf [115,650 N]
1 h: 465 degF [241 degC] 1 h: 465 degF [241 degC]
24 h: 240 degF [232 degC] 24 h: 240 degF [232 degC]
0.5 in [1.27 cm] 0.535 in [1.36 cm]
In air: 416 lbm/1,000 ft [189 kg/300 m] In air: 524 lbm/1,000 ft [234 kg/300 m]
In freshwater: 331 lbm/1,000 ft [150 kg/300 m] In freshwater: 425 lbm/1,000 ft [190 kg/300 m]
Per helical conductor: 800 Per helical conductor: 780
Center conductor: 1,250 Center conductor: 1,235
1.61 2.6

Surface Systems 19

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

UltraTRAC and UltraTRAC Mono
All‑Terrain Wireline Tractors
Delivering the farthest reach in the
UltraTRAC Tractor Configurations industry, the modular UltraTRAC* all-
terrain wireline tractor provides the
highest tractor force available in combi-
nation with reverse tractoring capabil-
ity, dynamic suspension, and traction
control. The UltraTRAC Mono* tractor
system adds logging-while-tractoring
functionality. Although specifically
engineered for openhole operations,
the UltraTRAC tractor performs with
the same reliability in cased hole envi-
ronments, making it the ideal tractor
for conveying most wireline openhole
and cased hole services, especially for
deployment on TuffLINE 18000 and
26000 torque-balanced composite wire-
2 drive line cables in extended-reach wells
and for heavy payloads.
The traction force applied by the
4 drive bidirectional, high-torque UltraTRAC
tractor is precisely controlled from the
surface. Sensors incorporated in the
3 drive
UltraTRAC tractor enable the engineer
to monitor tractor response and the
progress of downhole operations as the
automatic radial force regulation and
dynamic suspension systems continu-
4-drive ously configure the tractor in real time
tandem
for optimal performance.
In addition to versatility in the
number and configuration of the drive
sections, a tandem sub can be added
to increase functionality by enabling
6-drive independent surface control of the
tandem drive above the tandem sub from those
below. The drive section arms extend
variably and independently to span hole
diameters up to 15 in [38 cm] and are
8-drive
tandem
20 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
fitted with wheels from a wide range
of diameters and proprietary designs
optimized for the well geometry and
borehole conditions. Engineered to
withstand the impact of perforating
gun detonation as well as the vibration
generated in rugose boreholes, the
UltraTRAC tractor has low sensitivity to
well conditions.
The UltraTRAC tractor is a CE certi-
fied tool that meets the Low Voltage,
Machinery, and Pressure Equipment
Directives of the European Union.
The Tractor Planner app for  iPad
devices can be used to identify
UltraTRAC tractor candidates for specific
conveyance situations.
Applications
High-force extended-reach tractor
conveyance:
■ Openhole formation evaluation
■ Openhole formation testing
■ Borehole imaging services
■ Perforating
■ Cement and corrosion evaluation
■ ReSOLVE* instrumented wireline
intervention service
– Nonexplosive plug setting
– High-force axial shifting
– Selective shifting with a universal
shifting tool (UST)
– Milling
■ ABC* analysis behind casing services
■ Production logging
Mechanical Specifications
UltraTRAC Tractor UltraTRAC Mono Tractor
Output Openhole logging Openhole logging while tractoring
Cased hole perforating, logging, intervention Cased hole perforating, logging while tractoring, intervention
Maximum speed† 3,200 ft/h [975 m/h] 2,400 ft/h [730 m/h]
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC] 302 degF [150 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Hole size—min. 3.6 in [9.1 cm] 3.6 in [9.1 cm]
Hole size—max. 15 in [38.1 cm] 15 in [38.1 cm]
Outside diameter† 3.375 in [8.57 cm] 3.375 in [8.57 cm]
Length‡ Drive sections: 2 to 8 Drive sections: 2 to 6
Min. (2 drives): 15.35 ft [4.68 m] Min. (2 drives): 23.45 ft [7.15 m]
8 drives: 39.19 ft [11.94 m] 6 drives: 46.32 ft [14.12 m]
Max. pull per drive section† 400 lbf [1,780 N] 400 lbf [1,780 N]
Max. force 3,200 lbf [14,230 N] 2,400 lbf [10,675 N]
Power, cable requirements AC, heptacable DC, multiconductor cable (mono and hepta)
† Depending on wheel size
‡ Depending on the configuration and excluding the 2.8-ft [0.85-m] logging head. The incorporated casing collar locator (CCL), head tension cell, addressable cable-release device,
and shock absorber are standard features that do not add extra length.

Surface Systems 21

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

TuffTRAC and TuffTRAC Mono
Cased Hole Services Tractors
The modular TuffTRAC* and TuffTRAC more than 45% conversion efficiency.
TuffTRAC Mono Tractor Configurations Mono* cased hole services tractors The tractor achieves a maximum speed
employ reverse tractoring and traction of 3,200 ft/h [975 m/h] at relatively low
control capability through full control power usage.
of the radial force applied by the tractor To increase safety and reliability,
arms to operate with improved maneu- the TuffTRAC tractor incorporates
verability and reduced slippage. Because a head tension cell, electrical cable
this force applied by the tractor arms is release, casing collar log (CCL), and
independent of borehole size, the tractor addressable perforating safety switch.
drives can achieve the same tractoring Other standard safety components
force in borehole IDs from 3.4 to 10.6 in include a multiple-use shock absorber
[8.6 to 26.9 cm]. The tractor’s low sensi- and fail-safe opening system.
tivity to borehole conditions allows it to The TuffTRAC tractor is CE certi-
deploy any Schlumberger cased hole ser- fied for Low Voltage, Machinery, and
vice, including perforating and plug set- Pressure Equipment Directives.
ting. The TuffTRAC Mono tractor adds The Tractor Planner app for  iPad
logging-while-tractoring functionality. devices can be used to identify
The two-drive configuration of UltraTRAC tractor candidates for
the TuffTRAC tractor is the shortest specific conveyance situations.
tractor available—only 14.2 ft [4.3 m]
in length. The Tractor Planner app for
iPad devices can be used to identify Applications
candidate TuffTRAC tractors. Up to ■ Perforating operations
six modular drive sections can be run ■ Plug setting
as needed to push heavy loads. The ■ Production logging
Two drive tractor’s low power requirements
sections ■ ABC analysis behind casing services
reduce stress on auxiliary systems,
eliminating the necessity for stops to ■ Cement and corrosion evaluation
Three drive cool down, and its wheels optimize ■ Mechanical intervention operations
sections surface electrical power to achieve

Mechanical Specifications
Four drive TuffTRAC Tractor TuffTRAC Mono Tractor
sections
Output Cased hole perforating, Cased hole perforating, logging, log-
logging, and intervention ging while tractoring, and intervention
Four-drive Maximum speed 3,200 ft/h [975 m/h] 2,400 ft/h [730 m/h]
tandem
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC] 302 degF [150 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Hole size—min. 3.4 in [8.6 cm] 3.4 in [8.6 cm]
Hole size—max. 10.6 in [26.9 cm] 10.6 in [26.9 cm]
Outside diameter 3.125 in [7.94 cm] 3.125 in [7.94 cm]
Six-drive Length† Drive sections: 2 to 8 Drive sections: 2 to 6
tandem Min. (2 drives): 11.4 ft [3.5 m] Min. (2 drives): 18.2 ft [5.5 m]
3 drives: 14.2 ft [4.3 m] 3 drives: 21.1 ft [6.4 m]
Max. pull per drive section 300 lbf [1,330 N] 300 lbf [1,330 N]
Max. force 2,400 lbf [10,680 N] 1,800 lbf [8,010 N]
Power, cable requirements AC, heptacable DC, multiconductor cable
(mono and hepta)
† Depending on the configuration and excluding the 2.8-ft [0.85-m] logging head. The incorporated CCL, head tension cell, addressable
cable-release device, and shock absorber are standard features that do not add extra length

22 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


The MaxTRAC* downhole wireline
tractor employs an “inchworm”
mechanism to extend the reach of
wireline logging services in highly
deviated and horizontal wells. Its
grip design, high expansion ratio, and
compatibility with the telemetry system
of the logging tools enables it to traverse
a wide range of completions in both
cased and open holes while logging
is conducted to acquire production
logging data.
The integral three-arm grip of
the tractor runs it centralized. A
minimum of two tractor sondes are
run for standard operations. Up to four
sondes can be combined for additional
flexibility in difficult well conditions.
The tractor sonde uses a spring-loaded
cam to grip the casing in one direction.
The sonde then pulls the grip section
backward against the locking direction
MaxTRAC
Downhole Wireline Tractor
of the cam, which causes the toolstring
to move forward. This action is
synchronized with the other sondes in
the toolstring. The reciprocating action
of the sondes produces continuous
motion of the conveyed tools.
The Tractor Planner app for  iPad
devices can be used to identify
MaxTRAC tractor candidates for spe-
cific conveyance situations.
Applications
■ Conveyance in highly deviated
and horizontal wells
■ Logging operations in perforated
casing, slotted liners, gravel-pack
screens, and in-gauge barefoot
completions
■ Perforating
■ Production logging

Specifications
MaxTRAC Tractor
Output Downward motion of logging tools
Tractoring speed Standard with 500-lbm [227-kg] load:
1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
Max. with 300-lbm [136-kg] load: 2,500 ft/h [762 m/h]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability
Logging while tractoring Tools using PS Platform* production services platform
telemetry such as the RSTPro* and SCMT* tools
No logging while tractoring Combinable with most other tools
Combinable with perforating services
Special applications Maximum dogleg severity: 45° per 100 ft [30 m]
in 7-in [17.78-cm] casing
30° per 100 ft in 4½-in [11.43-cm] casing

Surface Systems 23

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Drillpipe-Assisted
Wireline Deployment
LWF logging-while-fishing
service
LWF* logging-while-fishing service
saves time and reduces cost by enabling
the resumption of logging operations
during fishing. In most cases, employ-
ing LWF service eliminates the condi-
tioning trip required before relogging
because the fishing job is converted to
a drillpipe-assisted log that completes
the original descent in the wellbore.
LWF service can be used with most
stuck wireline tools. Operations begin
by preparing the wireline for cut-and-
thread fishing. The connected rope
sockets on the cable ends are housed
in a load-bearing protective torpedo
to reestablish both the mechanical
connection and electrical communica-
tion with the stuck toolstring. The tool
overshot and drillpipe are threaded
over the cable until the placement
depth is reached for the Cable Side
Entry Sub (CSES).
The CSES is placed to provide an
overlapping, continuous log, with the
maximum continuous log interval
equal to the distance between the
casing shoe and rig floor. The wireline
passes through the CSES to the outside
of the drillpipe to prevent wireline
damage during logging. A downhole
cable-severing device is also installed
to allow retrieval of the wireline if the
drillpipe becomes stuck while logging.
24 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
The fishing tools on the rig floor
are then removed from the wireline,
and the tool is repowered to prepare
for engagement of the overshot and
tool. The speed of the operation now
increases because tripping drillpipe is
quicker than threading cable through
drillpipe. When the stuck tool is
reached, engagement is less likely to
damage the tool because the reestab-
lished electrical communication allows
monitoring tension at the tool in addi-
tion to the usual driller’s method.
Once the tool is freed, logging is con-
ducted on the TLC tough logging condi-
tions system to continue the recording
of continuous or stationary logs.
TLC tough logging
conditions system
The TLC tough logging conditions
system makes it possible to deploy
tools for wireline logging in highly
deviated or horizontal wells and also
in hostile environments and deep
wells. Wireline tools are mechanically
connected beneath the drillpipe using
the Downhole Wet Connector Head
(DWCH) and run in to a predetermined
latch point. The Pump-Down Wet
Connector Head (PWCH) is then
threaded through the CSES and
pumped down to latch in the DWCH
to provide an electrical connection.
The  CSES provides a complete
cable seal up to 5,000-psi [34‑MPa]
differential pressure. All standard tools
are rated to 20,000 psi [138 MPa].
The TLC system enables conducting
operations in otherwise impossible con-
ditions. A key component of TLC system
operations is thorough prejob planning
that accounts for tool compressional
and tensile strengths (especially for
induction and sonic tools), hole and
casing sizes, drillpipe internal diameter
and conditions, and well conditions.
Because of the longer operational
time related to deployment on the TLC
system, special considerations apply
when well temperatures exceed 350 degF
[174 degC]. The logging program must
be planned to reduce logging time at
high temperatures. Wireline tools are
typically rated to 350 degF, and all higher
temperature tools use a Dewar flask
to delay the well-generated heat from
reaching the electronic components.
Temperature limits are specified for
a holding time beyond which damage
occurs to tool electronics.
 Depth Measurement

Depth measurement is critical for
wireline operations. An integrated depth
dual-wheel spooler (IDW) provides
calibrated absolute depth measurement
recorded on two independent wheels
kept constantly in contact with cable.
A  fastest wheel logic combined with
wheel slippage automatic detection
ensures depth accuracy at all times.
Other downhole measurements are
valuable, but they must be “secured”
at the most precise point possible
Cable and tool friction, especially
when calipers are open, cause elastic
downhole cable stretch not detected
by the IDW at surface. Friction always
opposes the movement of tool and
cable, so stretch is highest when the
tool is moving up and negligible when
the tool is moving down. Because log
data is recorded while moving up, the
tool is physically deeper than what the
IDW records on the way up but correctly
positioned on the way down. The
The depth and tension subsystems
of the IDW feature alarms and winch
shutdown for specified safe operating
zones of depth and tension, respec-
tively. The upper and lower limits of
the safety zones are called setpoints
and are provided for four conditions:
■ low tension
■ high tension
■ top of well
■ bottom of well.

below the Earth’s surface. Decision
makers rely on precise depths for
mapping geologic intervals, designing
completion procedures, and conducting
other related operational and financial
procedures. If the depth measurement
is incorrect, incorrect geologic and
economic decisions could result.
difference between the log-up and log-
Winch operation is shut down auto-
down tensions is used to compute the
matically when any of the limits estab-
elastic stretch, and a positive correction
lished by these setpoints are exceeded.
is applied to the depth before logging
up begins. As the friction progressively
decreases while logging up, the tool
returns to the same zero point when
back at surface.

Surface Systems 25

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Logging Platforms
and Suites

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 Scanner Family
Rock and Fluid Characterization Services
Scanner Family* rock and fluid char-
acterization services scan both radially
and orthogonally at multiple depths
of investigation to provide a true 3D
image of the reservoir. Because the
Scanner* services overcome conven-
tional measurement limitations, the
tools scan formation volumes to pro-
vide new insight into the challenges
of formation heterogeneity, anisotropy,
and asymmetry. With the ability to
measure both in open and cased holes
comes the ability to better understand
the reservoir.

Openhole Scanner services

■ Litho Scanner* high-definition
spectroscopy service measures both
inelastic and capture gamma ray Dielectric
spectra to deliver an expanded set of Scanner
Sonic
key elemental weight fractions with Scanner
higher precision and accuracy than
previously possible. Determining
total organic carbon (TOC) solely EM Pipe
from these direct measurements Scanner
Litho
avoids the biases introduced by con- Scanner
ventional models and the wait for
laboratory analysis.
Rt Isolation
■ Dielectric Scanner* multifrequency Scanner
Scanner
dielectric dispersion service mea-
sures permittivity and conductivity
for the determination of water-filled Flow
porosity (hence water saturation Scanner
within the total porosity), water
salinity, and textural effects. In car-
bonates, Dielectric Scanner analysis
of rock texture delivers a continuous
in situ measurement of the Archie
mn exponents instead of relying on
estimates or waiting for laboratory MR
core analysis; in shaly sands, pro- Scanner
cessing provides a continuous log of
the cation exchange capacity (CEC).

Wireline Services Catalog ■ Logging Platforms and Suites 29

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

■ Sonic Scanner* acoustic scanning
platform measures compressional
and shear slownesses with multiple
borehole-compensated monopole
and crossed-dipole transducers. The
radial and axial measurements of the
stress-dependent properties of the
rocks are the basis of a comprehen-
sive geomechanical characterization,
including classifying formations as
isotropic or anisotropic, along with
determination of the type and cause
of the anisotropy—intrinsic or stress
induced from the drilling process.
Logging with Sonic Scanner platform
can be conducted in both open and
cased holes.
■ MR Scanner* expert magnetic reso-
nance service profiles fluid volumes
and saturations to provide direct
hydrocarbon characterization in any
environment, including rugose bore-
holes, varied formation resistivities
and water salinities, heavy- and oil-
base muds, low-contrast pay, and
thin formations.
■ Rt Scanner* triaxial induction
service calculates vertical and
horizontal resistivity (Rv and Rh,
respectively) from direct measure-
ments while simultaneously solv-
ing for formation dip at any well
deviation. The result is enhanced
estimates of hydrocarbon and water
saturations, especially for lami-
nated, anisotropic, or faulted forma-
tions. In addition, formation dip and
azimuth are calculated for struc-
tural interpretation.
30 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Cased hole Scanner services Applications
Elemental measurements and quan-
■ Isolation Scanner* cement evaluation ■
titative mineralogy including TOC log
service combines classic pulse-echo
for lithology and salinity-independent
technology with a new ultrasonic
hydrocarbon saturation
technique—flexural wave imaging—
to accurately evaluate any type of ■ Hydrocarbon volume in carbonates,
cement, from traditional slurries and shaly or low-resistivity sands, and
heavy cements to the latest light- heavy oil reservoirs
weight cements. Cement channels are ■ Location and identification
pinpointed, and the tool’s azimuthal of trapped fluids
and radial coverage readily differenti-
■ Quantification of drilling
ates low-density solids from liquids to
process impact
distinguish lightweight cements from
■ Characterization of rock stresses
contaminated cement and liquids.
and long-term formation integrity
Casing centralization is imaged in
high resolution, and corrosion and ■ Resistivity and resonance measure-
drilling-induced wear are mapped ments in thin and low-resistivity
and quantified. beds, regardless of formation dip
■ Flow Scanner* horizontal and devi- ■ Confirmation of zonal isolation,
ated well production logging sys- channel identification, and infor-
tem deploys multiple minispinners mation on casing-within-casing
and arrays of electrical and optical centralization in a wide range
probes to produce real-time multi- of cement weights
phase velocity and holdup profiles. ■ Three-phase production logging
The result is an unambiguous real- in vertical and deviated wells
time production log in nonvertical
■ Corrosion damage evaluation in
wells, regardless of phase mixing or
recirculation. single and multiple casing strings
■ EM Pipe Scanner* electromagnetic
casing inspection tool uses noninva-
sive electromagnetic measurements
to evaluate the integrity of well
casings by locating, identifying, and
quantifying damage and corrosion.
Because the slim-diameter tool eas-
ily passes through the tubing shoe,
corrosion is measured in production
casing without having to pull the
completion tubing.
Openhole Scanner Services
Measurement Specifications
Litho Scanner Service Dielectric Scanner Service Sonic Scanner Platform MR Scanner Service Rt Scanner Service
Output Elemental yields, elemental Relative dielectric Compressional and shear Δt, T1, T₂, and diffusion distributions; Rv , Rh , AIT* tool resistivity
weight fractions, TOC, permittivity and conductivity full waveforms, cement bond lithology-independent total logs, spontaneous potential,
dry-weight mineral at four frequencies quality waveforms, anisotropy porosity; bound- and free-fluid dip, azimuth
concentrations, characterization volumes; hydrocarbon-corrected
matrix properties permeability; pore-size distribution
Logging speed Max.: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]† 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h] Max.: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h] Bound-fluid logging: Max.: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Basic NMR profiling:
1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
T₂ radial profiling:
900 ft/h [274 m/h]
High-resolution logging:
400 ft/h [122 m/h]
T1 radial profiling:
300 ft/h [91 m/h]
Saturation profiling:
250 ft/h [76 m/h]
Range of measurement 1 to 10 MeV (At highest frequency) Standard shear slowness: Porosity: 1 to 100 pu na
Permittivity: 1 to 100 <1,500 us/ft [<4,920 us/m] T₂ distribution: 0.4 ms to 3.0 s
Conductivity: 0.1 to T1 distribution: 0.5 ms to 9.0 s
3,000 mS
Vertical resolution 18 in [45.72 cm] 1 in [2.5 cm]‡ <6 ft [<1.82 m] processing Main antenna: 18 in [45.72 cm]§ na
resolution for 6-in [15.24-cm] High-resolution antenna:
sampling rate 7.5 in [19.05 cm]‡
Accuracy na (At highest frequency Δt for up to 14-in [35.56-cm] Total NMR porosity: ±1-pu standard na
and corresponding to hole size: ±2 us/ft deviation, three-level averaging
0.002‑ft³/ft³ [0.002-m³/m³] [±6.56 us/m] or ±2% at 75 degF [24 degC]
water-filled porosity) Δt for >14-in [>35.56‑cm] NMR free-fluid porosity: ±0.5-pu
Permittivity: ±1% or ±0.1 hole size: ±5 us/ft standard deviation, three-level
Conductivity: ±1% or ±5 mS [±16.40 us/m] or ±5% averaging at 75 degF [24 degC]
Depth of investigation 7 to 9 in [17.78 to 22.86 cm] To 4 in [10 cm] Typical presentation of Main antenna: 1.5, 2.3, 2.7, AIT tool: 10, 20, 30, 60, and
up to 7 borehole radii and 4.0 in [3.81, 5.84, 6.86, 90 in  [25.40, 50.80, 76.20,
and 10.16 cm] 152.40, and 228.60 cm]
High-resolution antenna:
1.25 in [3.18 cm]
Mud type or weight None None None Mud resistivity: 0.05 ohm.m†† Determined during
limitations job planning
Combinability Combinable with most Conveyance on wireline, Fully combinable with Combinable with most tools Bottom-only tool, combinable
openhole tools TLC tough logging other tools with Platform Express*
Conveyance on wireline, conditions system, integrated wireline logging
TLC* tough logging conditions or tractor tool and most openhole tools
system, or tractor
Special applications Articulated pad for MRF* method station logging
rugose boreholes Rugose boreholes and
thick mudcake
na = not available
† A tool planner is used to estimate the precision of the elemental concentrations and interpreted properties for a given environment, with the recommended logging speed depending on the required precision.
‡ 1-in resolution depending on frequency
§ From measurement point 8.2 ft [2.5 m] above the bottom of the tool
†† Main antenna only; stacking may be required. MR Scanner service logs have been acquired in 0.02-ohm.m environments with minor loss of precision.

Logging Platforms and Suites 31

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Openhole Scanner Services
Mechanical Specifications
Litho Scanner Service Dielectric Scanner Service Sonic Scanner Platform MR Scanner Service Rt Scanner Service
Temperature rating Version A: 284 degF [140 degC] 350 degF [177 degC] 350 degF [177 degC] 302 degF [150 degC] 302 degF [150 degC]
Version C: 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 25,000 psi [172 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 5.5 in [13.97 cm] 5.5 in [13.97 cm] 4.75 in [12.07 cm] 5.875 in [14.92 cm] 6 in [15.24 cm]
Borehole size—max. 24 in [60.96 cm]† 22 in [55.88 cm] 22 in [55.88 cm] No limit 20 in [50.8 cm]
Outside diameter 4.5 in [11.4 cm] 4.77 in [12.12 cm] 3.625 in [9.21 cm] Sonde: 5 in [12.70 cm] 3.875 in [9.84 cm]‡
Cartridge: 4.75 in [12.07 cm]
Length Version A: 14 ft [4.27 m] 11.27 ft [3.44 m] 41.28 ft [12.58 m] 32.7 ft [9.97 m] 19.6 ft [5.97 m]
Version C: 9 ft [2.74 m] (including isolation joint)
Basic toolstring (near
monopoles only): 22 ft [6.71 m]
Weight Version A: 366 lbm [166 kg] 262 lbm [119 kg] 844 lbm [383 kg] 1,200 lbm [544 kg] 404 lbm [183 kg]
Version C: 290 lbm [132 kg] (including isolation joint)
Basic toolstring:
413 lbm [187 kg]
Tension 55,000 lbf [244,652 N] 50,000 lbf [222,411 N] 35,000 lbf [155,690 N] 50,000 lbf [222,410 N] 25,000 lbf [111,205 N]
Compression 22,500 lbf [100,085 N] 4,400 lbf [19,572 N]§ 3,000 lbf [13,340 N] 7,900 lbf [35,140 N] 6,000 lbf [26,690 N]
na = not available
† With bow spring
‡ Does not include required standoff
§ 8,000 lbf [35,586 N] with TLC system stiffener kit

Cased Hole Scanner Services

Measurement Specifications
Isolation Scanner Service Flow Scanner System EM Pipe Scanner Tool
Output Solid-liquid-gas map of annulus material, Oil, gas, and water holdups; Electromagnetic thickness, casing ID, casing
hydraulic communication map, acoustic oil, gas, and water velocities; properties, high- and low-frequency images,
impedence, flexural attenuation, rugosity relative bearing; caliper corrosion summary report†
image, casing thickness image, internal
radius image
Logging speed Standard resolution: 2,700 ft/h [823 m/h] 1,800, 3,600, 5,400, and 7,200 ft/h Electromagnetic computed thickness (single
High resolution: 563 ft/h [172 m/h] [549, 1,097, 1,646, and 2,195 m/h] and double strings): 3,600-ft/h [1,097‑m/h]
inspection pass for mandrel data
Imaging (single string): 1,800-ft/h [549-m/h]
standard-resolution inspection pass; 300‑ft/h
[91-m/h] high-resolution diagnostic pass
Range of measurement Min. casing thickness: Borehole coverage: 95% in Max. metal thickness‡:
0.15 in [0.38 cm] 6-in- [15.24-cm-] ID casing 1.5 in [3.81 cm] at 8.75 Hz
Max. casing thickness:
0.79 in [2.01 cm]
Vertical resolution High resolution: 0.6 in [1.52 cm] na Attenuation < 60 dB: 1%
High speed: 6 in [15.24 cm] Electromagnetic thickness: 15%§
Accuracy Acoustic impedance: 0.2 Mrayl (resolution); Three-phase holdup: ±10% Casing ID: ±0.05 in‡‡
0 to 3.3 Mrayl = ±0.5 Mrayl; >3.3 Mrayl =
±15% (accuracy††)
Flexural attenuation for 0.3-in [18-mm]
casing thickness: 0.5 dB/cm (resolution),
±0.01 dB/cm (accuracy††)
Depth of investigation Casing and annulus§§ Velocity: ±10% –‡
Mud type or weight Conditions simulated Min. salinity for electrical probe measurement: Any borehole fluid
limitations before logging††† 1,000 ppm at 212 degF [100 degC]
Combinability Bottom-only, combinable Combinable with PS Platform All PS Platform platform services
with most wireline tools platform and most cased Multiple-tool answer products
Telemetry: fast transfer bus hole tools
(FTB) or enhanced FTB (EFTB)
Special applications H₂S service H₂S service NACE compliant for H₂S and CO₂ resistance
na = not applicable
† Corrosion report for single casing strings

‡ Measurement depends on casing geometry, properties, and chrome content.

§ Resolution depends on the accuracy of casing electrical conductivity (sigma). The usual method is to use API specifications in a “good”

casing section and adjust conductivity to match the nominal value, which has a typical 12.5% range (Oil Country Tubular Goods,
API Spec 5CT, Specification for Casing and Tubing).
8-mm calibration target
††

Casing ID (dci) < 6 in and tool eccentered = [30% × (dci – 2.2 in)]
‡‡

§§ Investigation of complete annulus width depends on the presence of third-interface echoes.

††† Max. mud weight depends on the mud formulation, sub used, and casing size and weight, which are simulated before logging.

32 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Cased Hole Scanner Services
Mechanical Specifications
Isolation Scanner Service
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. Casing: 41⁄2 in†
Borehole size—max. Casing: 13⅜ in
Outside diameter IBCS-A: 3.375 in [8.57 cm]
IBCS-B: 4.472 in [11.36 cm]
IBCS-C: 6.657 in [16.91 cm]
IBCS-D: 8.736 in [22.19 cm]
Length Without sub: 19.73 ft [6.01 m]
IBCS-A sub: 2.01 ft [0.61 m]
IBCS-B sub: 1.98 ft [0.60 m]
IBCS-C sub: 1.98 ft [0.60 m]
IBCS-D sub: 1.98 ft [0.60 cm]
Weight Without sub: 333 lbm [151 kg]
IBCS-A sub: 16.75 lbm [7.59 kg]
IBCS-B sub: 20.64 lbm [9.36 kg]
IBCS-C sub: 23.66 lbm [10.73 kg]
IBCS-D sub: 24.55 lbm [11.13 kg]
Tension Sub max.: 2,250 lbf [10,000 N]
Compression Sub max.: 12,250 lbf [50,000 N]
† Min. pass-through restriction: 4 in [10.16 cm]
‡ Min. pass-through restriction: 1.813 in [4.61 cm]
Logging Platforms and Suites 33
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Flow Scanner System EM Pipe Scanner Tool
350 degF [177 degC] 302 degF [150 degC]
15,000 psi [103 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa]
27⁄8 in [7.30 cm]‡ 2⅞ in (ID > 2.313 in)
9 in [22.86 cm] Electromagnetic thickness: 13⅜ in
1.6875 in [4.29 cm] 2.125 in [5.4 cm]
High-temperature (>302 degF
[>150 degC]) operation:
2.25 in [5.72 cm]
Flow Scanner system tool: 19.7 ft [6.0 m]
11.6 ft [3.54 m]
With basic measurement
sonde, swivel, and head:
26.2 ft [7.99 m]
108 lbm [49 kg] 110 lbm [50 kg]
10,000 lbf [44,480 N] Fishing: 10,000 lbf [44,480 N]
1,000 lbf [4,450 N] 3,000 lbf [13,340 N]
Platform Express
Integrated Wireline Logging Tool
The Platform Express* integrated
wireline logging tool is a revolutionary
milestone in wireline logging. Com­
pared with the traditional triple-
HGNS combo, the Platform Express tool
logs faster and more cost effectively
because it requires significantly less
time from rig-up to delivery of the
final answer. The Platform Express
tool is less than half the length of
the triple-combo—requiring less
rathole—and it weighs about half
as much. By using integrated sensors
and innovative technology to improve
pad contact, the Platform Express
tool delivers high-resolution imaging
measurements that are depth matched
and speed corrected in real time.
The Platform Express toolstring
includes either the AIT* array induc-
tion imager tool or High-Resolution
Azimuthal Laterolog Sonde (HALS) as
the resistivity tool. The Three-Detector
HRMS Lithology Density (TLD) tool and Micro-
Cylindrically Focused Log (MCFL)
are housed in the High-Resolution
Mechanical Sonde (HRMS) powered
caliper. Above the HRMS are a compen-
sated thermal neutron and gamma ray
in the Highly Integrated Gamma Ray
Neutron Sonde (HGNS) and a single-
axis acceler­ometer.
Numerous innovative features are
integrated in the Platform Express
toolstring. The specially designed
TLD skid reduces hole rugosity effects
HALS AIT
through improved pad application.
The integrated hardware and software
of the sensors improves system reli-
ability. The real-time speed correction
34 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
provided by the single-axis accelerom-
eter for sensor measurements enables
accurate depth matching of all sensors
even if the tool cannot move smoothly
while recording data. The resistivity,
density, and microresis­tivity measure-
ments are high reso­ lution. Logging
speed is 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h], which
is twice the speed at which a standard
triple-combo is run.
PressureXpress* reservoir pressure-
while-logging service can be combined
with the Platform Express tool to
efficiently obtain accurate pressure
profiles and mobility measurements
on the first logging run. The two tools’
data are integrated in real time by the
PressureXpress Advisor* pretest quality
indicator to produce a more complete
interpretation of the reservoir.
Applications
■ DecisionXpress* petrophysical
evaluation system
■ Reservoir delineation
■ Hydrocarbon saturation
determination and imaging
■ Movable-hydrocarbon 
determination 
■ Location of porous and
permeable zones
■ Gas detection
■ Porosity analysis
■ Lithology determination
■ Well-to-well correlation
■ Thin-bed analysis
Measurement Specifications
Platform Express Tool
Output HGNS: Gamma ray, neutron porosity, tool acceleration
HRMS: Bulk density, photoelectric factor (PEF), borehole caliper, microresistivity
HALS: Laterolog resistivity, spontaneous potential (SP), mud resistivity (Rm)
AIT tool: Induction resistivity, SP, Rm
Logging speed 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Mud weight or type limitations None
Combinability Bottom-only toolstring, combinable with most tools above
Special applications Good-quality data in sticky or rugose holes
Measurements close to the bottom of the well

Platform Express Tool Component Specifications

HGNS HRMS HALS AIT-H and AIT-M Tools
Output Gamma ray, neutron porosity, Bulk density, PEF, Laterolog, Induction resistivity,
tool acceleration borehole caliper, resistivity, Rm SP, Rm
microresistivity
Range of Gamma ray: 0 to 1,000 gAPI Bulk density: 1.04 to 3.3 g/cm3 0.2 to 40,000 ohm.m 0.1 to 2,000 ohm.m
measurement Neutron porosity: 0 to 60 pu PEF: 0.9 to 10
Caliper: 22 in [55.88 cm]
Vertical resolution Gamma ray: 12 in [30.48 cm] Bulk density: 18 in [45.72 cm] Standard resolution: 1, 2, and 4 ft
Porosity: 12 in [30.48 cm] in 6-in [15.24-cm] borehole 18 in [45.72 cm] [0.30, 0.61, and 1.22 m]
High resolution:
8 in [20.32 cm]
in 6-in [15.24-cm]
borehole
Accuracy Gamma ray: ±5% Bulk density: ±0.01 g/cm3 (accuracy), 1 to 2,000 ohm.m: ±5% Resistivities: ±0.75 ms/m
Porosity: 0 to 20 pu = ±1 pu 0.025 g/cm3 (repeatability) (conductivity) or ±2%
30 pu = ±2 pu Caliper: ±0.1 in [±0.25 cm] (accuracy), (whichever is greater)
45 pu = ±6 pu 0.05 in [0.127 cm] (repeatability)
Depth of Gamma ray: 24 in [61.0 cm] Density: 5 in [12.70 cm] 32 in [81 cm] (varies AO/AT/AF10†: 10 in [25.40 cm]
investigation Porosity: ˜ 9 in [˜ 23 cm] with formation and AO/AT/AF20: 20 in [50.80 cm]
(varies with hydrogen mud resistivities) AO/AT/AF30: 30 in [76.20 cm]
index of formation) AO/AT/AF60: 60 in [152.40 cm]
AO/AT/AF90: 90 in [228.60 cm]
Outside diameter 3.375 in [8.57 cm] 4.77 in [12.11 cm] 3.625 in [9.21 cm] 3.875 in [9.84 cm]
Length 10.85 ft [3.31 m] 12.3 ft [3.75 m] 16 ft [4.88 m] 16 ft [4.88 m]
Weight 171.7 lbm [78 kg] 313 lbm [142 kg] 221 lbm [100 kg] AIT-H: 255 lbm [116 kg]
AIT-M: 282 lbm [128 kg]
† AO = 1-ft [0.30-m] vertical resolution, AT = 2-ft [0.61-m] vertical resolution, AF = 4-ft [1.22-m] vertical resolution

Logging Platforms and Suites 35

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

ThruBit
Through-the-Bit Logging Services
ThruBit* through-the-bit logging ser-
vices provide a full wireline measure-
Drillpipe ment suite from a small-diameter
quad- or triple-combo toolstring. This
Wireline dropoff unique conveyance platform enables
and retrieval tool
acquiring logs in wells that are difficult
to access, including extended-reach
wells where the tools can be pumped
No-go collar
down. With a diameter of only 21⁄8  in,
Hangoff sub the entire logging suite is sufficiently
slim to pass through the center of most
drillpipe, jars, collars, and out the open-
ing of the Portal* bit. The open bore-
hole is then logged on wireline or as the
Portal bit drillpipe is tripped out of the hole, mak-
ing it possible to log geometrically com-
plicated wells with greater reliability,
Batteries at reduced risk, and in less time than
alternative conveyance techniques.
The logging tools of the ThruBit
Telemetry, memory,
services suite can also be run as indi-
gamma ray tool vidual components:
■ Telemetry, memory, and gamma
ray device provides communica-
tions and memory functions for the
entire logging string. The gamma
ray detector measures naturally
occurring gamma rays in the for-
mation as a correlation basis and
Neutron tool
qualitative evaluation of clay con-
tent. The multi­axis accelerometer
Density tool monitors tool orientation, motion,
and vibration. Borehole inclination
Caliper and temperature are also measured.
■ Array induction tool has five median
depths of investigation and three
vertical resolutions. The induction
tool also incorporates a mud resis-
tivity sensor for making corrections
and analyzing borehole fluids.
Induction array
■ Neutron tool operates in both open-
tool
hole and cased hole environments
to obtain thermal neutron porosity
measurements. Corrections can be
made for borehole temperature and
pressure and environmental factors
such as hole size, mud type, mud
weight, salinity, and tool standoff.
36 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
■ Density tool measures formation
bulk density, photoelectric fac-
tor (PEF), and borehole size. Raw
measurement processing includes a
correction algorithm that preserves
overall density accuracy across a
wide range of borehole sizes, mud
types, and mud weights. The tool’s
scintillation detectors are housed in
an articulated pad for better contact
with the formation, which maintains
measurement quality in deviated
and rugose holes. A single-arm cali-
per also helps press the tool against
the formation while it measures
hole size.
■ ThruBit Dipole* through-the-bit
acoustic service obtains both mono-
pole and dipole waveforms along
with Stoneley wave acquisition. A 3D
anisotropy algorithm transforms the
compressional, fast- and slow-shear,
and Stoneley slowness measure-
ments with respect to the borehole
axes. The resulting referenced aniso-
tropic moduli are used to classify the
formation as isotropic or anisotropic
and determine whether anisotropy
is intrinsic or caused by drilling-
induced stress.
■ Spectral gamma ray tool measures
the total gamma ray spectra for
resolution into potassium, thorium,
and uranium. These three most
common components of naturally
occurring radiation in sands and
shales are used to distinguish fea-
tures, determine clay type, identify
radioactivity in sands, and help in
determining total organic carbon
(TOC) content.
ThruBit services provide unpar-
alleled operational flexibility for
either conventional wireline logging
or through-the-bit conveyance in
memory mode. Where conventional
wireline logging is not advisable or
not possible in vertical or horizontal
wells, ThruBit services both reduce In wells where a gravity descent is Applications
risk and deliver high-quality data. The not possible, the logging toolstring is ■ Openhole logging in
hole can be reamed and conditioned pumped down to the end of the drillstring
using the Portal bit. The logging suite and positioned for conducting memory – Horizontal and high-angle wells
is then run through the drillstring on mode logging while tripping out. – Unconventional plays
wireline, and when it reaches the end In either horizontal or vertical wells, – Unstable boreholes
of the drillstring it is positioned on a the logging toolstring can be retrieved – Poor-quality boreholes (washed
hangoff sub so that the logging sensors before the drillpipe is completely out, rugose, or tortuous)
are passed through the Portal bit and returned to surface to facilitate imple-
■ Reservoir quality and completion
extend into the open hole. The wireline mentation of completion operations. At
is disconnected and retrieved, and the all times during deployment and logging, quality data for completion optimi-
logging string is used to log in memory the driller maintains complete control of zation in unconventional plays
mode as the pipe is tripped out. the drillstring. Circulation and rotation
are conducted as needed, and full pres-
sure control is maintained at surface.

Measurement Specifications
ThruBit Logging Services
Output Telemetry, memory, and gamma ray tool: gamma ray, three-axis acceleration, borehole temperature
Array induction tool: induction resistivity, mud resistivity, optional SP
Neutron tool: thermal neutron porosity
Density tool: bulk density, PEF, borehole caliper
ThruBit Dipole service:† Compressional and shear Δt, full waveforms, anisotropy characterization
Spectral gamma ray tool: gamma ray; corrected gamma ray for uranium; potassium, thorium, and uranium curves
Logging speed Telemetry, memory, and gamma ray; neutron, density, induction, and ThruBit Dipole service: 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
Range of measurement Gamma ray: 0 to 1,000 gAPI
Resistivity: 0.1 to 2,000 ohm.m
Neutron: 0 to 60 pu
Bulk density: 1.04 to 3.3 g/cm³
PEF: 0.9 to 10
Caliper: 18 in [45.72 cm]
ThruBit Dipole service: Δts < 200 us/ft [656 us/m]
Monopole: Δtc and Δts < 170 us/ft [558 us/m]
Vertical resolution Gamma ray: 12 to 24 in [30.48 to 60.96 cm]
Resistivity: 1, 2, and 4 ft [0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 m]
Neutron: 12 to 15 in [30.48 to 38.10 cm]
Bulk density: 9 to 12 in [22.86 to 30.48 cm]
ThruBit Dipole service: <44-in [<1.12-m] processing resolution for 6-in [15.24-cm] sampling rate
Accuracy Gamma ray: ±5% gAPI
Resistivity: ±1 ohm.m or ±2%, whichever is greater for the 60-in [152.40-cm] measurement
Neutron tool: ±1 pu or 5% of the porosity, whichever is greater
Bulk density: ±0.02 g/cm³
PEF: ±0.15
Caliper: ±0.2 in [±0.51 cm]
Δt: ±2 us/ft [±6.6 us/m] or ±2% for 8¾-in [22.22-cm] hole size
Th: ±3.2 ppm or ±5% of reading
U: ±1 ppm or ±5% of reading
K: ±0.5% (weight) or ±10% of reading
Depth of investigation Gamma ray: 12 in [30.48 cm]
Resistivity: 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90 in [25.40, 50.80, 76.20, 152.40, and 228.60 cm]
Neutron: 10 in [25.40 cm]
Bulk density: 2 in [5.08 cm]
PEF: 4 in [10.16 cm]
Δt: 3 in [7.62 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability All ThruBit services tools
Special applications
† Limited availability, contact your Schlumberger representative.

Logging Platforms and Suites 37

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Mechanical Specifications
ThruBit Logging Services
Temperature rating Triple-combo: 302 degF [150 degC]†
Quad-combo: 302 degF [150 degC]
Pressure rating 15,000 psi [103 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4 in [10.16 cm]
ThruBit Dipole service: 5¾ in [14.60 cm]
Borehole size—max. Telemetry, memory, and gamma ray and induction array tool: 14 in [35.56 cm]
Neutron and density tools: 16 in [40.64 cm]
ThruBit Dipole service: 8¾ in [22.22 cm]
Outside diameter 2.125 in [5.40 cm]
Length Telemetry, memory, and gamma ray tool: 73.6 in [186.9 cm]
Array induction tool: 185 in [470 cm]
Neutron: 74 in [188 cm]
Density tool: 128 in [325 cm]
ThruBit Dipole service: 349 in [444 cm]
Monopole waveform sonic: 234.6 in [596 cm]
Spectral gamma ray tool: 70.125 in [178.1 cm]
Weight Telemetry, memory, and gamma ray tool: 45 lbm [20.4 kg]
Array induction tool: 94 lbm [42.6 kg]
Neutron tool: 63 lbm [28.6 kg]
Density tool: 94 lbm [42.6 kg]
ThruBit Dipole service: 132 lbm [105 kg]
Monopole waveform sonic: 114 lbm [52 kg]
Spectral gamma ray tool: 38 lbm [17.2 kg]
Tension Depends on the configuration and application
Compression Depends on the configuration and application
† 350 degF [177 degC] by special request

38 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Multi Express
Slim Multiconveyance
Formation Evaluation Platform
The Multi Express* slim multiconvey- Applications
ance formation evaluation platform ■ Hydrocarbon saturation
delivers industry-standard log quality and movable hydrocarbon
with the greater efficiency of a small- determination
diameter, compact logging string.
■ Identification of porous
Additional efficiency is provided
through memory logging capability and  permeable zones
and conveyance flexibility in open ■ Gas detection

hole or through drillpipe, with deploy- ■ Lithology determination

ment on wireline or coiled tubing. ■ Well correlation
Designed with centralizers and
■ CBM logging
bow springs that collapse to 2.25‑in
[5.72‑cm] OD for slimhole and alter- ■ Air-filled borehole logging

native conveyance options, the ■ Slimhole logging to 3 in [7.62 cm]

Multi  Express platform integrates a ■ Through-drillpipe conveyance
comprehensive set of tools:
■ Coiled tubing in real-time mode
■ telemetry gamma neutron tool

■ Litho-Density* tool

■ sonic tool

■ spherically focused resistivity tool

■ dual induction formation

resistivity tool
■ audio temperature tool.

The Multi Express platform's mea-

surement suite provides answers in
a wide variety of downhole environ-
ments. The articulated pad of the
Litho-Density tool reduces hole rugos-
ity effects through improved pad Combo for
application. Full characterization for Triple-combo air-filled
coalbed methane (CBM) wells means holes
that their characteristically low den-
sity and photoelectric effect (PEF) are
accurately read. In air-filled boreholes,
the combination of audio tempera-
ture and epithermal neutron mea-
surements obtains reliable porosity
measurements.

Quad-combo

Logging Platforms and Suites 39

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
Output
Logging speed
Range of measurement
Vertical resolution
Accuracy
Depth of investigation
Mud type or weight limitations
Combinability
Special applications
40 Wireline Services Catalog
Multi Express Platform
Telemetry gamma neutron tool: gamma ray, thermal neutron porosity (fluid-filled holes),
epithermal neutron porosity (air-filled holes), casing collar log, head tension
Litho-Density tool: bulk density, PEF, borehole caliper
Sonic tool: ∆t (compressional and shear in fast formations), cement bond log (CBL), and Variable Density* log (VDL)
SFL* spherically focused resistivity tool: shallow focused laterolog resistivity (Rxo), spontaneous potential (SP)
Dual induction formation resistivity tool: induction resistivity, mud resistivity (Rm)
Audio temperature tool: borehole temperature, high-frequency audio measurement in air-filled holes
Triple-combo and air combo: 4,500 ft/h [1,372 m/h]
Quad-combo with sonic: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
High resolution: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Gamma ray: 0 to 500 gAPI
Thermal neutron porosity: –2 to 100 pu
Bulk density: 1.0 to 3.1 g/cm3
PEF: 0.3 to 6
Caliper: 2.25 to 14.5 in [5.72 to 36.83 cm]
∆t: 42 to 155 us/ft [138 to 508 us/m]
Deep and medium resistivity and SFL tool: 0.2 to 2,000 ohm.m
Temperature: 13 to 194 degF [–25 to 90 degC]
Audio: 44 kHz ± 2 kHz
Gamma ray: 12 in [30.48 cm]
Thermal and epithermal neutron porosity: 12 and 24 in [30.48 and 60.96 cm]
Bulk density and PEF: 12 and 18 in [30.48 and 45.72 cm]
Caliper: 2 in [5.08 cm]
∆t: 6 and 24 in [15.24 and 61 cm] for borehole compensated (BHC), 24 in for slowness-time-coherence (STC)
CBL: 6 in [15.24 cm]
VDL: 2 in [5.08 cm]
Deep and medium resistivity: 2 to 4 ft [0.61 to 1.22 m]
SFL tool: 18 in [45.72 cm]
Gamma ray: ±5%
Thermal neutron porosity: ±0.5 pu for <10 pu, ±5% of reading for 10 to 50 pu (accuracy);
16Ci source: 0.55 pu at 10 pu, 1.1 pu at 30 pu, 2.8 pu at 45 pu,
8Ci source: 0.78 pu at 10 pu, 1.56 pu at 30 pu, 3.9 pu at 45 pu (precision)
Epithermal neutron porosity: ±0.5 pu for <10 pu, ±7.5% of reading for 10 to 50 pu (accuracy);
16C source: 0.55 pu at 11 pu, 1.1 pu at 30 pu, 2.2 pu at 45 pu,
8Ci source: 0.77 pu at 10 pu, 1.6 pu at 30 pu, 3.3 pu at 45 pu (precision)
Bulk density: ±0.015 g/cm3 in liquid, ±0.02 g/cm3 in air (accuracy); 0.011 g/cm3 at 2.7 g/cm3 (precision)
PEF: ±0.1 below 1, ±10% above 1 (accuracy); 0.055 for Pe < 1, 5.5 % for Pe > 1 (precision)
Caliper: ±0.2 in [±5.08 cm] for 3.5 to 9.875 in [8.89 to 25.08 cm] (accuracy); 0.1 in [0.25 cm] (precision)
∆t: ±2 us/ft [±6.6 us/m]
CBL: ±10% (accuracy), 2% (precision)
Temperature: 70-ms response time, 1.4 degF [2.5 degC] (precision)
Gamma ray: 8 in [20.32 cm]
Thermal and epithermal neutron porosity: 10 in [25.4 cm] at 20 pu
Bulk density: 4 to 6 in [10.16 to 15.24 cm]
∆t, CBL, and VDL: 3 in [7.62 cm]
Deep resistivity: 70 in [178 cm]
Medium resistivity: 30 in [76 cm]
SFL tool: 12 to 15 in [30.48 to 38.10 cm]
None
PS Platform production services platform, SCMT slim cement mapping tool
Small-diameter boreholes
Alternative conveyance
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Mechanical Specifications
Multi Express Platform
Temperature rating 221 degF [105 degC]
Pressure rating 8,000 psi [55 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 3.0 in [7.62 cm]
Borehole size—max. 12.75 in [32.39 cm]
Outside diameter 2.25 in [5.72 cm]
Length Triple-combo: 53 ft [16.1 m]
Air combo: 47 ft [14.3 m]
Quad-combo: 67 ft [20.4 m]
Weight Max. each tool component: 90 lbm [41 kg]
Tension Triple-combo: 15,000 lbf [66,720 N]
Sonic: 5,750 lbf [25,580 N]
Compression 1,600 lbf [7,120 N]

Logging Platforms and Suites 41

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Xtreme
HPHT Well Logging Platform
The Xtreme* high-pressure, high-tem-
perature well platform provides mea-
surements for formation evaluation in
HPHT, hostile environments through
HTGC the use of rugged, reliable sensors
HNGS that deliver high-quality data. Rated
to 500 degF [260 degC] and 25,000 psi
HAPS
[172 MPa], sensors featuring the lat-
est technology are integrated into one
wireline string that can log wells as
deep as 30,000 ft [9,100 m]. A full
range of tool accessories, set of com-
prehensive measurements, and job
planner software further facilitate the
measurement of critical formation
evaluation data in challenging logging
environments.
The Xtreme platform consists of
the following components:
■ Hostile Environment Integrated
Telemetry and Gamma Ray Cart­
ridge (HTGC) includes an acceler­
ometer cartridge that supports
real-time speed correction for all
HLDS
Xtreme platform measurements
and monitors the bottomhole
temperature.
■ Hostile Environment Natural
Gamma Ray Sonde (HNGS) provides
measurements of total gam­ma ray,
gamma ray corrected for uranium,
as well as individual concentrations
■ Hostile Environment Lithology
Density Sonde (HLDS) measures
formation bulk density and photo-
electric factor using full spectral
data from a two-detector array.
■ Hostile Environment Sonic Logging
Tool (HSLT) delivers robust forma-
tion borehole-compensated (BHC)
or depth-derived borehole compen-
sated (DDBHC) slowness with full
waveform recording. It also pro-
vides cement bond and Variable
Density logs in cased holes.
■ Hostile Environment Induction
Imager Tool (HIT) provides the
same high-quality resistivity mea-
surements as the standard AIT
tool. Real-time measurement of
mud resistivity complements the
computation of tool standoff for
precise borehole environmental
correction.
Applications
■ In situ formation resistivity (Rt)
with array induction
■ Formation evaluation and
lithology identification
■ Borehole geometry
■ High wellbore pressures

HSLT of thorium, uranium, and potassium and temperatures

in the formation.
■ Hostile Environment Accelerator

Porosity Sonde (HAPS) uses a

neutron generator to provide neu-
tron porosity with environmen-
tally corrected formation capture
cross ­section for clay indication,
grain-size estimation, and salinity
computation.
HIT

42 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Mechanical Specifications
HTGC HNGS HAPS HLDS HSLT HIT
Temperature rating 500 degF [260 degC] 500 degF [260 degC] 500 degF [260 degC] 500 degF [260 degC] 500 degF [260 degC] 500 degF [260 degC]
Pressure rating 25,000 psi [172 MPa] 25,000 psi [172 MPa] 25,000 psi [172 MPa] 25,000 psi [172 MPa] 25,000 psi [172 MPa 25,000 psi [172 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4¾ in [12.07 cm] 4¾ in [12.07 cm] 5⅞ in [14.92 cm] 4½ in [11.43 cm] 4¾ in [12.07 cm] 4⅞ in [12.38 cm]
Borehole size—max. No limit No limit 21 in [53.34 cm] 20 in [50.8 cm] 20 in [50.8 cm] 20 in [50.8 cm]
Outside diameter 3.75 in [9.53 cm] 3.75 in [9.53 cm] 4 in [10.16 cm] 3.5 in [8.89 cm] 3.875 in [9.84 cm] 3.875 in [9.84 cm]
Length† 10.67 ft [3.25 m] 11.7 ft [3.57 m] 16 ft [4.88 m] 12.58 ft [3.83 m] 25.5 ft [7.77 m]‡ 29.2 ft [8.90 m]
Weight 265 lbm [120 kg] 276 lbm [125 kg] 400 lbm [181 lbm] 402 lbm [182 kg] 440 lbm [199 kg]‡ 625 lbm [283 kg]
Tension 50,000 lbf [222,410 N] 50,000 lbf [22,410 N] 50,000 lbf [22,410 N] 30,000 lbf [133,450 N] 29,700 lbf [132,110 N] 20,000 lbf [88,960 N]
Compression 20,000 lbf [88,960 N] 23,000 lbf [102,310 N] 15,000 lbf [66,720 N] 5,000 lbf [22,240 N] BHC HSLS-W sonde: 6,000 lbf [26,690 N]
2,870 lbf [12,770 N]
DDBHC HSLS-Z sonde:
1,650 lbf [7,340 N]
Holding time at 500 degF§ 12 h 10 h 4h 5h 5h 12 h
† Makeup length
‡ BHC sonde
§ In logging conditions with tool powered

Hostile Environment Accelerator Porosity Sonde Measurement Specifications

HAPS
Output Neutron porosity, formation sigma, tool standoff
Logging speed Standard: 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
High speed: 3,600 ft/h [1097 m/h]
Range of measurement Neutron porosity: 0 to 60 pu
Vertical resolution 14 in [35.56 cm]
Tool standoff: not applicable
Accuracy <7 pu: ±0.5 pu
7 to 30 pu: ±7%
30 to 60 pu: ±10%
Sigma: ±1 cu [±0.1/m]
Depth of investigation 7 in [17.78 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Special applications H₂S service

Hostile Environment Lithology Density Sonde Measurement Specifications

HLDS
Output Formation density, PEF, caliper
Logging speed Standard: 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
High speed: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Range of measurement Density: 2 to 3 g/cm3
Porosity: 0 to 60 pu
PEF: 1 to 6
Caliper: 16 in [40.64 cm]
Vertical resolution Density, porosity, and PEF: 15 in [38.10 cm]
Accuracy Density: ±0.01 g/cm3
PEF: ±6%
Caliper: ±0.25 in [±0.64 cm]
Depth of investigation Density, porosity, and PEF: 6 in [15.24 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations Density and PEF sensitive to barite
Special applications H₂S service

Logging Platforms and Suites 43

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Hostile Environment Sonic Logging Tool Measurement Specifications
HSLT
Output Compressional integral traveltime (∆t)
Logging speed 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Range of measurement 40 to 180 us/ft [131 to 590 us/m]
Vertical resolution 12 in [30.48 cm]
Accuracy ±2 us/ft [±6.6 us/m]
Depth of investigation 3 in [7.62 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Special applications H₂S service

Hostile Environment Induction Imager Tool Measurement Specifications

HIT
Output 10-, 20-, 30-, 60-, and 90-in [25.40-, 50.80-, 76.20-,
152.40-, and 228.60-cm] resistivity
Logging speed 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Resistivity 0.1 to 2,000 ohm.m
Vertical resolution 1, 2, and 4 ft [0.30, 0.61, and 1.22 m]
Accuracy ±0.75 mS/m or ±2% (whichever is greater)
Depth of investigation AHT10: 10 in [25.40 cm]
AHT20: 20 in [50.80 cm]
AHT30: 30 in [76.20 cm]
AHT60: 60 in [152.40 cm]
AHT90: 90 in [228.60 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations Some salt-saturated muds may be outside the induction
tool operating range
Special applications H₂S service

44 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Slimhole HPHT Well Logging Platform
The SlimXtreme* slimhole HPHT well
logging platform provides reliable
formation evaluation data in hostile
drilling environments. The integra-
tion of durable sensors rated to high
pressures and temperatures, slimhole
design, and a full range of accessories
results in high-quality data for real-
time wellsite answers. The advanced
engineering of the 3-in [7.62-cm]
SlimXtreme platform profile combines
AIT tool resistivity, digital borehole-
compensated sonic, bulk density, ther-
mal neutron porosity, and gamma ray
tools for one trip into the borehole.
High-speed logging is at 3,600 ft/h
[1,097 m/h], with standard mode at
1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]. The component
tools use advanced wireline digital
telemetry rated to the same pressure
and temperature as the complete
SlimXtreme platform and capable of
data transmission through wireline
cables as long as 36,000 ft [10,970 m].
■ SlimXtreme Array Induction Imager
Tool (QAIT) has five depths of
investigation, and its three vertical
resolution measurements are of the
same high quality as those recorded
with conventional AIT tools. The
tool output is fully corrected for
borehole and environmental effects,
so the computed values of water
resistivity and saturation, invasion
profile, and true and invaded zone
resistivities provide a good charac-
terization of the reservoir. Real-time
measurement of mud resistivity
complements the computation of
tool standoff for precise borehole
environmental correction.
■ SlimXtreme Sonic Logging Tool
(QSLT) is a monopole tool that
uses a digital algorithm for detect-
ing first arrival to deliver robust
BHC formation slowness (3 to 5 ft
[0.91 to 1.52  m] or 5 to 7 ft [1.52
to 2.13 m]). CBL, attenuation, and
Logging Platforms and Suites 45
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
SlimXtreme
Variable Density cement bond qual-
ity logs can be recorded to evaluate
cemented casing. The CBL features
a 1-ft [30-cm] receiver measure-
ment for cement bond evaluation in
extremely fast formations.
■ SlimXtreme Litho-Density Tool
(QLDT) measures formation density
and photoelectric factor using full
spectral data from a three-detector
array. The QLDT controls the elec-
tronics of a bowspring-type caliper
(QSCS), which provides eccentral-
ization force as well as a caliper
measurement in both up and down
logging directions.
■ SlimXtreme Compensated Neutron
Porosity Tool (QCNT) delivers the
same high-quality, environmentally
corrected porosity data as those from
the traditional CNL* compensated
neutron logging tool.
■ SlimXtreme Telemetry and Gamma
Ray Cartridge (QTGC) includes an
integrated accelerometer to provide
real-time speed correction for all
measurements by the SlimXtreme
platform. The cartridge also
performs real-time monitoring of
the mud temperature.
Applications
■ Quad-combo formation evaluation in
– Slimhole wells
– Extreme pressure and
temperature environments
– Multilateral wells
– Extended-reach wells
– Reentry wells
■ Contingency through-drillpipe
(min­i­mum 3.5-in [8.89-cm] inside
diameter [ID]) logging
■ Drillpipe-conveyed logging
Measurement Specifications
QAIT QSLT QLDT QCNT QTGC
Output 10-, 20-, 30-, 60-, and Compressional and Bulk density, porosity, Thermal neutron Formation gamma ray
90-in [25.40-, 50.80-, shear Δt, porosity, photoelectric factor (PEF) porosity (uncorrected,
76.20-, 152.40- and  waveforms, and environmentally
228.60-cm] deep Variable Density corrected, or alpha
induction resistivities, log waveforms processed)
SP, mud resistivity
Logging speed 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h] 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h] 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h] 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h] 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
Range of measurement 0.1 to 2,000 ohm.m 40 to 400 us/ft [131 to Bulk density: 1.3 to 3.05 g/cm³ 0 to 2000 gAPI
1,312 us/m] PEF: 1 to 6
Caliper: 9.5 in [24.13]
Vertical resolution 1, 2, and 4 ft [0.30, Compressional Δt: Density: 15 in [38.10 cm] 12 in [30.48 cm] 12 in [30.48 cm]
0.61, and 1.22 m] 2 ft [0.61 m] (standard),
6 in [15.24 cm]
short spacing
Shear Δt: 2 ft [0.61 m]
Cement bond log: 3 ft [0.91 m]
(amplitude), 5 ft [1.52 m]
(Variable Density log)
Accuracy ±0.75 us/m Δt: ±2 us/ft [±6.6 us/m] Bulk density: ±0.15 g/cm³ 0 to 20 pu: ±1 pu ±5%
(conductivity) (accuracy), 0.014 g/cm³ 30 pu: ±2 pu
or ±2% (whichever (repeatability) 45 pu: ±6 pu
is greater) Caliper: ±0.1 in [±0.25 cm]
(accuracy), 0.05 in [0.127 cm]
(repeabability)
Depth of investigation AO/AT/AF10: 3 in [7.62 cm] 4 in [10.16 cm] ∼9 in [∼23 cm] 24 in [60.96 cm]
10 in [25.40 cm] (varies with hydrogen
AO/AT/AF20: index of formation)
20 in [50.80 cm]
AO/AT/AF30:
30 in [76.20 cm]
AO/AT/AF60:
60 in [152.40 cm]
AO/AT/AF90:
90 in [228.60 cm]
Mud type or weight Salt-saturated muds None Sensitive to barite Thermal measurements None
limitations usually outside the not possible in air- or
operating range gas-filled wellbores
of induction tools
Special applications Slim wellbores, HPHT

Mechanical Specifications
QAIT QSLT QLDT QCNT QTGC
Temperature rating 500 degF [260 degC] 500 degF [260 degC] 500 degF [260 degC] 500 degF [260 degC] 500 degF [260 degC]
Pressure rating 30,000 psi [207 MPa] 30,000 psi [207 MPa] 30,000 psi [207 MPa] 30,000 psi [207 MPa] 30,000 psi [207 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 3⅞ in [9.84 cm] 4 in [10.16 cm] 3⅞ in [9.84 cm] 4 in [10.16 cm] 3⅞ in [9.84 cm]
Borehole size—max. 20 in [50.80 cm] 8 in [20.32 cm] 9 in [22.86 cm] 12 in [30.48 cm] No limit
Outside diameter 3 in [7.62 cm] 3 in [7.62 cm] 3 in [7.62 cm] 3 in [7.62 cm] 3 in [7.62 cm]
Length 30.8 ft [9.39 m] 23 ft [7.01 m] 14.7 ft [4.48 m] 11.9 ft [3.63 m] 10.67 ft [3.25 m]
With inline centralizer:
29.9 ft [9.11 m]
Weight 499 lbm [226 kg] 270 lbm [122 kg] 253 lbm [115 kg] 191 lbm [87 kg] 180 lbm [82 kg]
Holding time at 8 h† 5h 5 h† 8 h† 8 h†
500 degF [260 degC]
† In logging conditions with tool powered

46 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Integrated Porosity Lithology Service
IPL* integrated porosity lithology
service is a nuclear measurement
string. It provides an integrated
measurement of various petrophysical
parameters of the formation, such
as neutron porosity, bulk density,
photoelectric factor, and gamma ray
as well as gamma ray components.
The acquisition electronics allow
running the individual components
of the toolstring as stand-alone tools.
The integrated string comprises the
following sensors:
■ Hostile Environment Natural
Gamma Ray Sonde (HNGS) features
a set of detectors with increased
sensitivity that provides a better sta-
tistical response to the formation
gamma rays. The result is improved
spectral analysis over that of previ-
ous tools. The improvement in mea-
surement also results from the use
of two detectors instead of one. The
HNGS can log at a faster speed than
other tools that measure formation
natural gamma ray emissions. Its
500 degF [260 degC] temperature
rating makes it suitable for opera-
tions in hot borehole environments.
IPL
■ Litho-Density photoelectric density
logging tool is deployed as the
LDS sonde to measure formation
bulk density and photoelectric
factor. The gamma ray source and
two detectors are pad mounted.
Magnetic shielding and high-
speed electronics ensure excellent
measurement stability. The LDS
records the full-pulse-height gamma
ray spectra from both detectors and
processes them into windows. Bulk
density and photoelectric cross
section are derived conventionally
from the windows counts with
enhanced quality control.
Applications
■ Evaluation of formation porosity
and lithology
■ Evaluation of formation bulk
density and photoelectric factor
■ Determination of total formation
gamma ray and uranium-corrected
gamma ray
■ Gas identification
■ Formation sigma

■ APS* accelerator porosity sonde

uses an electronic pulsed neutron

generator source instead of
a chemical source. The large
yield of the neutron source
enables the use of epithermal
neutron detection and borehole
shielding. As a result, porosity mea­
sure­ment is affected only minimally
by the borehole environment and
formation characteristics, such
as lithology and salinity. Five
detectors provide information for
porosity evaluation, gas detection,
shale evaluation, improvement of
vertical resolution, and borehole
correction. The measurements can
be performed in both cased and
open holes.

Logging Platforms and Suites 47

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
IPL Service
Output Formation bulk density, PEF, gamma ray, porosity, caliper
Logging speed Min. 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
Range of measurement See measurement specifications for individual tools
Vertical resolution See measurement specifications for individual tools
Accuracy See measurement specifications for individual tools
Depth of investigation See measurement specifications for individual tools
Mud type or weight limitations HNGS: In potassium chloride (KCl) mud,
the KCl content must be known. Density and
PEF readings are affected by barite.
Special applications H₂S service

Mechanical Specifications
IPL Service
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 6 in [15.24 cm]
Borehole size—max. 21 in [53.34 cm]
Outside diameter 4.5 in [11.43 cm]
Length 40.5 ft [12.34 m]
Weight 845 lbm [383 kg]

IPL Service Component Mechanical Specifications

HNGS APS Sonde LDS
Temperature rating 500 degF [260 degC] 350 degF [177 degC] 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 25,000 psi [172 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4¾ in [12.07 cm] 4⅝ in [11.75 cm] 5½ in [13.97 cm]
Borehole size—max. No limit 21 in [53.34 cm] 21 in [53.34 cm]
Outside diameter 3.75 in [9.53 cm] 3.625 in [9.40 cm] 4.5 in [11.43 cm]
Length 11.7 ft [3.57 m] 13 ft [3.96 m] 11 ft [3.35 m]
Weight 276 lbm [125 kg] 222 lbm [101 kg] 292 lbm [132 kg]
Tension 50,000 lbf [222,410 N] 50,000 lbf [222,410 N] 30,000 lbf [133,450 N]
Compression 23,000 lbf [102,310 N] 23,000 lbf [102,310 N] 5,000 lbf [22,240 N]

48 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 ABC
Analysis Behind Casing Services
Since first logging an openhole well
in 1927, Schlumberger has used
advanced technology to acquire essen-
tial reservoir data. Today the same
high-quality formation evaluation mea-
surements can be made in cased holes.
ABC analysis behind casing services
satisfy three primary requirements for
operators:
■ Obtaining essential well log data

under any conditions—If the well

DSI transmitter being drilled has, or is expected
and isolation joint
to have, hole stability problems,
the operators may prefer to case
the well as soon as it is drilled.
Formation evaluation, which
until recently could be performed
only in open hole, can now be
performed in cased hole.
■ Finding and evaluating bypassed

pay—Large amounts of bypassed

hydrocarbons exist in old wells. It
is considerably more cost effective,
and often more environmentally
RSTPro friendly, to explore for those hidden
hydrocarbons in old wells rather
CHFP Sonic than to drill new wells.
CHFR-Slim Scanner ■ Optimizing reservoir manage-
ment—Formation evaluation mea-
surements made in representative
old wells in a reservoir, whether
one time or a time-lapse series, can
greatly assist efficient management
CHFR-Plus of the reservoir.
ABC services evaluation of forma-
tion petrophysical properties such as
formation density, porosity, and acous-
tic properties in cased wells is even
more significant in wells for which
primary evaluation data were lost, of
poor quality, or never acquired. In
old wells, an operator may want to
reevaluate the formation with mea-
surements that were unavailable at
the time the well was drilled. ABC
services enable applying the latest
CHDT formation evaluation technology in
wells that were drilled decades ago.

Logging Platforms and Suites 49

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

It  is  no  longer necessary to drill new
wells in existing fields solely for the
purpose of data gathering.
ABC services do not end with opti-
mal data acquisition. The data are
processed and interpreted to provide a
total solution for efficient operations,
enhanced production, and extension
of the economic life of an asset. ABC
services can provide comprehensive
formation evaluation under most con-
ditions. Because they are a suite of
services rather than a single platform,
measurements can be chosen on the
basis of objectives, type of formation,
type of completion, borehole environ-
ment, lithology, reservoir dynamics,
and the availability of primary evalua-
tion data.
ABC services are as follows:
■ CHFR-Plus* cased hole forma-
tion resistivity tool makes direct,
deep-reading formation resistivity
measurements through casing and
cement. The concept of measur-
ing resistivity through casing is not
new, but recent breakthroughs in
downhole electronics and electrode
design have made these challeng-
ing measurements possible. Now
the same basic measurements can
be compared for open and cased
holes, thereby eliminating the errors
caused by comparing different types
of measurements. The CHFR-Slim*
slimhole tool version operates in cas-
ing from 27⁄8 to 7 in.
■ RSTPro reservoir saturation tool
makes both formation sigma and
C/O ratio measurements. In forma-
tions with high-salinity formation
water, the sigma measurement has
been used for several decades to
determine the saturations. Now the
C/O ratio measurement can accu-
rately evaluate formation water
saturation in moderate- to high-
porosity formations. Time-lapse
measurements of formation water
saturation can be used to monitor
the performance of a well or reservoir
over time.
50 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
■ CHFP* cased hole formation porosity
service makes accurate formation
porosity and sigma measurements
in cased wells. Instead of a chemical
source, CHFP service uses an elec-
tronic neutron source in combination
with borehole shielding and focus-
ing to obtain porosity measurements
that are affected only minimally by
borehole environment, casing stand-
off, and formation characteristics
such as lithology and salinity.
■ CNL compensated neutron logging
tool has traditionally been run as
a porosity indicator in cased wells.
Although it provides a good estima-
tion of formation porosity in most
conditions, the unfocused nature of
the CNL tool does not allow correc-
tion for environmental effects, such
as thickness of casing and cement, or
effects resulting from the position of
the tool and casing in the borehole.
For the highest possible accuracy,
CHFP service is the measurement
of choice.
■ CHFD* cased hole formation den-
sity service makes accurate forma-
tion density measurements in cased
wells. A chemical gamma ray source
and three-detector measurement
system are used to make measure-
ments in a wide range of casing and
borehole sizes. The density mea-
surement made by the three-detec-
tor system is corrected for casing
and cement thickness.
■ Sonic Scanner acoustic scanning
platform acquires borehole-compen-
sated long- and short-spaced mono-
pole, cross-dipole, and cement bond
quality measurements. In addition
to these axial and azimuthal mea-
surements, the fully characterized
tool radially measures the formation
for both near-wellbore and far-field
slowness. A 3D anisotropy algorithm
makes it possible to characterize
formations as isotropic or anisotro-
pic, along with the type and cause
of the anisotropy.
■ DSI* dipole shear sonic imager,
coupled with the BestDT* automated
sonic waveform processing, provides
accurate formation compressional
and shear slowness measurements
in cased wells. BestDT processing
is based on optimally designed
frequency filters and advanced
signal processing. This method
significantly attenuates casing
arrivals to facilitate the clean
extraction of formation slowness.
■ CHDT* cased hole dynamics tester
is used to determine formation pres-
sure in old or new cased wells. It
also provides efficient, cost-effective
fluid sampling without the inher-
ent risks of standard sampling tech-
niques. The innovative CHDT tool
seals against the casing and uses
a flexible drill shaft to penetrate
through the casing and cement into
the formation. The use of explosives
is eliminated. Down­ hole sensors
measure formation pressure, pres-
sure transients, and formation fluid
resistivity. Com­bining the CHDT tool
with various modules of the MDT*
modular formation dynamics tester
enables enhanced fluid identifica-
tion, con­tamination monitoring, and
high-quality sampling.
Applications
■ Evaluation of bypassed pay
■ Evaluation of old wells with new
measurements
■ Reevaluation of existing fields
■ Primary formation evaluation
in cased wells
■ Complement to logging-while-
drilling (LWD) data
■ Alternative to openhole data acqui-
sition under difficult well conditions
■ Evaluation of wells drilled with casing
■ Reservoir monitoring
■ Fluid contact movement, saturation
and pressure changes, and depletion
and injection
 Measurement Specifications
CHFR-Plus and CHFR-Slim Tools RSTPro Tool CHFP Service CHFD Service Sonic Scanner Platform DSI Imager CHDT Tester
Output Formation resistivity Inelastic and capture yields Neutron porosity, Bulk density Compressional and shear ∆t, Compressional and shear Formation pressure, fluid
of various elements, C/O ratio, formation sigma full waveforms, cement bond ∆t, waveforms, Variable mobility, formation fluid samples
formation capture cross section measurement quality quality waveforms, anisotropy Density waveforms
(sigma), neutron porosity characterization
Logging speed Stationary: ~1 min/station Inelastic mode: 100 ft/h [30.5 m/h] 900 ft/h [274 m/h] 900 ft/h [274 m/h] Max.: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h] 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h] Stationary
Effective logging speed†: (formation dependent)
240 ft/h [73 m/h] Capture mode: 600 ft/h [183 m/h]
Sigma mode: 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
Range of measurement 1 to 100 ohm.m‡ Porosity: 0 to 60 pu Porosity: 0 to 60 pu 2 to 3 g/cm3 Standard shear slowness: Standard shear slowness: 0 to 20,000 psi

Logging Platforms and Suites

<1,500 us/ft [<4,920 us/m] 700 ms/ft [2,296 ms/m] [0 to 138 MPa]
Max. slowness (S-DSI):
1,200 ms/ft [3,937 ms/m]
Vertical resolution 4 ft [1.22 m] 15 in [38.10 cm] 14 in [35.56 cm] 18 in [45.72 cm] <6-ft [<1.82-m] processing 3.5-ft [1.1-m] processing Point measurement
resolution for 6-in [15.24-cm] resolution for 6-in
sampling rate [15-cm] sampling rate
Accuracy ±10% Based on hydrogen index Porosity: <7 pu = ±1 pu ±0.05 g/cm3 ∆t for up to 14-in [35.56 -cm] hole ∆t : ±2 ms/ft [±6.6 ms/m] CQG gauge: ±(2 psi [13,789 Pa]
of formation 7 to 30 pu = ±10% size: ±2 us/ft [±6.56 us/m] or ±2% + 0.01% of reading) (accuracy),
30 to 60 pu = ±15% ∆t for >14-in [>35.56-cm] hole 0.008 psi [55 Pa] at 1.3-s gate
Sigma: ±1 cu [±0.1/m] size: ±5 us/ft [±16.40 us/m] or ±5% time (resolution)
Depth of investigation Similar to deep laterolog, 10 in [20.54 cm] ∼7 in [∼18 cm]†† 5 in [12.70 cm] Typical presentation of 9 in [22.86 cm] Drilled depth: 6 in [15.24 cm]
up to 32 ft [9.75 m], up to 7 borehole radii
depending on environment§
Mud type or weight None None None Cement thickness None None None
limitations < 1.75 in [4.44 cm]
Combinability Gamma ray, casing Combinable with tools using Combinable with most Combinable with most Fully combinable with Combinable with Combinable with most toolstrings,
collar locator the PS Platform platform telemetry toolstrings toolstrings other tools most tools another CHDT tool, MDT tester
system, CPLT tool, Combinable modules
Gamma Ray Sonde (CGRS)
Special applications H₂S service H₂S service
† Stations are recorded every 4 ft [1.22 m]. Two resistivity measurements, 2 ft [0.61 m] apart, are made simultaneously at each station.
‡ Measurements above 100 ohm.m may be possible based on environment.
§ For an infinitely thick bed
†† Depends on casing and cement thickness

Mechanical Specifications
CHFR-Plus and CHFR-Slim Tools RSTPro Tool CHFP Service CHFD Service Sonic Scanner Platform DSI Imager CHDT Tester
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC] 302 degF [150 degC] 350 degF [177 degC] 257 degF [125 degC] 350 degF [177 degC] 350 degF [177 degC] 350 degF [177 degC]
With flask: 400 degF [204 degC]
Pressure rating 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

With flask: 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Casing size—min. CHFR-Plus: 4½ in [11.43 cm] 2⅜ in [6.03 cm] 5 in [12.70 cm] 6⅝ in [16.83 cm] 4.75 in [12.07 cm] 5 in [12.70 cm] 5½ in [13.97 cm]
CHFR-Slim: 2¼ in [5.72 cm]†
Casing size—max. CHFR-Plus: 9⅝ in [24.45 cm] 9⅝ in [24.45 cm] 13⅜ in [33.97 cm] 13⅜ in [33.97 cm] 22 in [55.88 cm] 13⅜ in [33.97 cm] 9⅝ in [24.45 cm]
CHFR-Slim: 7 in [17.78 cm]
Outside diameter CHFR-Plus: 3.375 in [8.57 cm] RST-C: 1.71 in [4.34 cm] 3.625 in [9.21 cm] 4.77 in [12.11 cm] 3.625 in [9.21 cm] 3.625 in [9.21 cm] 4.25 in [10.80 cm]
CHFR-Slim: 2.125 in [5.40 cm] RST-D: 2.51 in [6.37 cm]
† Min. ID: 2.4 in [6.10 cm]

51
Carbonate Advisor
Petrophysics and Productivity Analysis
Carbonate Advisor* petrophysics and
productivity analysis integrates a
comprehensive suite of petrophysical
logging measurements to quantita-
tively determine reservoir producibility
in carbonate formations. Unlike sand-
stones, with their well-characterized
correlations of porosity, permeability,
and other reservoir properties, the
heterogeneous pore systems of
carbonate rocks defy routine petro-
physical analysis. Carbonate Advisor
analysis accurately evaluates carbonate
formations by accounting for reservoir
heterogeneity on a multiplicity of
scales—of the grains, the pores, and
the textures.
The systematic analytical framework
of Carbonate Advisor analysis uses the
pore geometry to sequentially interre-
late logging data to producibility. The
evaluation centers on characterization
and size partitioning of the pore geom-
etry by using texture-sensitive borehole
logs, such as MR Scanner expert mag-
netic resonance service and borehole
imaging. This advanced methodology
leverages pore geometry analysis to con-
firm the identification of petrophysical
rock types (mineralogy and pore system
class), determine fluid saturations, and
estimate permeabilities and relative
permeabilities.
52 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
The three steps of the integrated At each step, customized log displays
workflow are the determination of and crossplots facilitate quality con-
■ lithology and porosity—simultane- trol, parameter selection, and graphical
ously integrating measurements zonation. Within hours of data acquisi-
sensitive to rock matrix properties, tion, a continuous log of the analyzed
such as Litho Scanner high-defi- carbonate formation is produced.
nition spectroscopy service, ECS*
elemental capture spectroscopy
Application
sonde, photoelectric factor (PEF),
and neutron capture spectroscopy,
■ Quantitative producibility and
with measurements sensitive to textural analysis for carbonate
both the rock matrix and contained reservoirs
fluids, such as density and neu-
tron porosity, and measurements
sensitive primarily to the fluids
and pore space, such as nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR) porosity
and bound-fluid volume
■ pore type and permeability—
partitioning the total porosity into
eight pore system classes based on
pore-throat sizes, revealing the influ-
ence of the pore geometry, which is
not well correlated with mineralogy
in carbonates, unlike in sandstones
■ relative permeability and satu-
ration—using a powerful for-
ward model to account for the
radial variation of resistivity, from
both array induction and array
laterolog measurements, resulting
from borehole fluid invasion
during drilling.

The DecisionXpress petrophysical eval-
uation system provides nearly auto-
matic processing of data from modern
spectroscopy and Platform Express log-
ging tools to enable fast, objective, and
reliable log interpretation.
This advanced petrophysical eval-
DecisionXpress
Petrophysical Evaluation System
Delivered with the data, the stand-
alone PC-based viewer application
provides rapid data visualization and
reprocessing capabilities, again with
minimal user input. The resulting pet-
rophysical evaluations are securely
delivered through Web-based InterACT
Applications
■ Casing, drilling-ahead, and side-
tracking decisions
■ Planning for mechanical and
percussion sidewall coring
■ Designing pressure measurement

uation is developed with only mini-
mal user input from the integration
of all the formation, borehole, and
quality control measurements of the
Platform Express integrated wireline
logging tool and ECS elemental cap-
ture spectroscopy sonde. The accuracy
of the spectroscopy measurements is
relatively insensitive to mud weight,
most fluid types, and borehole size
and rugosity. SpectroLith* lithology
processing of the ECS sonde mea-
surements of elemental concentra-
tions employs empirical relationships
derived from an extensive proprietary
core chemistry and mineralogy data-
base to determine quantitative lithol-
ogy and matrix properties data. The
unique DecisionXpress system combi-
nation of elemental concentration logs
and outputs from SpectroLith process-
ing forms a robust foundation for the
highly accurate, consistent derivation
of mineralogy and matrix parameters.
global connectivity, collaboration, and and reservoir fluid sampling
information service. Answer products operations
are available within minutes of data ■ Drillstem testing
acquisition, as data are processed lin- ■ Completion strategies
early for each depth level, starting with
■ Sensitivity analysis
mineralogy and matrix properties and
proceeding through the computation
of matrix-corrected porosity, perme-
ability, and fluid saturations. Unlike
conventional processing, answer prod-
ucts from the DecisionXpress system
are accurate and reliable for most
siliciclastic reservoirs worldwide, with-
out requiring manual customization
of parameter definitions for specific
environments.

Logging Platforms and Suites 53

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

DeepLook-EM
Crosswell Electromagnetic Imaging Service
The DeepLook-EM* crosswell elec- Applications
tromagnetic imaging service directly ■ Fluid front monitoring
measures formation resistivity between
■ Bypassed pay identification
wells to produce a reservoir-scale
resistivity image. The two wells in ■ Reservoir simulation optimization
which the transmitter and receiver ■ Enhanced reservoir
tools of DeepLook-EM service are run characterization
can be separated by up to 3,280  ft ■ Drilling optimization
[1,000  m], depending on the con-
straints of the well environments,
formations, and resistivity contrasts.
A global positioning system is used for
synchronized communication of the
tools, which are deployed on standard
wireline equipment.
Generating a magnetic moment
more than 100,000 times that of stan-
dard induction tools, the transmitter
tool of DeepLook-EM service induces
electrical currents to flow in the for-
Transmitter mation. The currents induce a sec-
ondary magnetic field that is detected
by the four-coil array of the receiver
tool. The data are inverted for forma-
tion resistivity using a baseline model
constructed with the Petrel* E&P
software platform.

DeepLook-EM Service Interwell Distances

Transmitter Well Receiver Well Well Spacing, ft [m]
Open hole Open hole 3,280 [1,000]
Open hole Steel casing 1,640 [500]
Open hole Chromium casing 2,953 [900]
Chromium casing Chromium casing 1,312 [400]
Chromium casing Steel casing 984 [300]

Receiver

54 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
Output
Logging speed
Range of measurement
Vertical resolution
Depth of investigation
Mud type or weight limitations
Combinability
Special applications
DeepLook-EM Service
Resistivity images
Transmitter: 2,000–5,000 ft/h [600–1,520 m/h]
Receiver: Stationary
5–1,000 Hz
>14.75 ft [>4.5 m]
See “DeepLook-EM Service Interwell Distances” table
None
Crosswell logging

Mechanical Specifications
DeepLook-EM Service Transmitter DeepLook-EM Service Receiver
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC] 302 degF [150 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa]
Well size—min.
Open hole 4.5 in [11.43 cm] 2.5 in [6.35 cm]
Cased hole 4.5 in [11.43 cm] 2.5 in [6.35 cm]
Well size—max.
Open hole No limit No limit
Cased hole 13.75 in [34.93 cm] No limit
Outside diameter 3.375 in [8.57 cm] 2.125 in [5.40 cm]
Length 32.4 ft [9.88 m] Four receivers: 73.8 ft [22.5 m]
Weight 410 lbm [186 kg] 416 lbm [189 kg]
Tension 18,000 lbf [80,070 N] 18,000 lbf [80,070 N]
Compression 10,000 lbf [44,450 N] na
na =
not available

Logging Platforms and Suites 55

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

PS Platform
Production Services Platform
The PS Platform production services
platform performs in vertical,
horizontal, or any angle of borehole
deviation to provide three-phase flow
profiles and production monitoring or
diagnostic information. Measurement
capability is in both real-time and
memory modes.
The following tools and their
measurements constitute the basic
platform string:
■ Platform Basic Measurement Sonde
(PBMS) houses the gamma ray and
casing collar locator (CCL) for cor-
relation and also measures pressure
(with either a Sapphire* or quartz
pressure gauge) and temperature.
■ Flow-Caliper Imaging Sonde (PFCS)
measures the average fluid velocity,
water and hydrocarbon holdups, and
bubble counts from four indepen-
dent probes. It also provides dual-
axis (x-y) caliper mea­ surements
and relative-bearing mea­­surements.
The bubble count image is used to
identify the first fluid entry.
■ Gradiomanometer* specific gravity
profile tool (PGMS) measures the
average density of the wellbore fluid,
from which the water, oil, and gas
holdups are derived. Accelerometer
measurements provide deviation cor-
rection for the measured fluid density.
56 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Additional services can be combined
with the basic PS Platform platform:
■ PS Platform Inline Spinner (PILS)
can be used in high-flow-rate envi-
ronments to determine fluid velocity.
■ UNIGAGE* pressure gauge system
(PUCS) is run if data from two pres-
sure gauges (Sapphire and quartz
gauges) are required.
■ GHOST* gas holdup optical sensor
tool uses optical sensing technology
to directly detect and quantify gas
in multiphase flows.
■ FloView Plus* holdup measurement
tool for highly deviated and hori-
zontal wells is an imaging tool that
helps identify the flow regime and
measures holdup.
■ RSTPro reservoir saturation tool
provides sigma, carbon/oxygen
(C/O) ratio, water flow, three-phase
holdup, and spectrometry logging.
■ SCMT slim cement mapping tool is
a 111⁄16-in [4.29-cm] sonic tool that
produces an eight-segment cement
map and conventional 3-ft [0.91‑m]
CBL and 5-ft [1.52-m] Variable
Density log displays.
■ PS Platform Multifinger Imaging
Tool (PMIT) makes internal casing
or tubing condition measurements
from multiple caliper measurements
around the casing or tubing.
Typical PS Platform production log-
ging platform toolstrings are configured
for the well position and number of
production phases:
■ Vertical well configuration
– Single- or two-phase production
or single-phase injection: Basic
toolstring with optional PGMS
– Three-phase production: Basic
toolstring with GHOST tool and
PGMS
■ High-angle or horizontal well
configuration
– Single-phase production: Basic
toolstring
– Two- or three-phase production:
Basic toolstring with FloView Plus
or GHOST tool
Applications
■ Three-phase production logging
■ Vertical and deviated wells
■ Formation stimulation evaluation
■ Depth correlation
■ Reservoir and production
monitoring
■ Transient analysis
■ Short periods of multiple-layer
testing
 PBMS

PGMS

PUCS-A

CCL-N GHOST-A

PMIT-A
PILS-A

RST-C

FloView Plus

PFCS

SCMT-BB

Logging Platforms and Suites 57

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
PBMS PFCS PGMS GHOST Tool RSTPro Tool SCMT Tool
Output Gamma ray, CCL, pressure Fluid velocity, caliper Fluid density Gas holdup, bubble size, Sigma, porosity, C/O ratio, CBL amplitude, Variable
(Sapphire or CQG* crystal quartz caliper, relative bearing spectrometry, WFL* water Density log, cement map
gauge), temperature, relative flow log, TPHL* three-phase
bearing, tool acceleration fluid holdup log
Logging speed Depends on the Variable Depends on the Depends on the Depends on the 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
application application application application
Range of measurement Sapphire gauge: 1 to 10,000 psi Spinner: 0.5 to 200 rps 0 to 2.0 g/cm3 Gas holdup: 0 to 100% Sigma: 0 to 60 cu [0 to 6.0/m] VDL window length:
[6,895 Pa to 69 MPa] Caliper: 2 to 11 in Caliper: 2 to 9 in Capture mode: 0 to 60% 1,200 ms
High-pressure Sapphire gauge: [5.08 to 27.94 cm] (diameter) [5.08 to 22.86 cm] (uncorrected) Firing center accuracy:
1,000 to 1,500 psi [6.9 to 103 MPa] 20 kHz
CQG gauge: 14.5 to 15,000 psi
[0.1 to 103 MPa]
Temperature: Ambient to
302 degF [150 degC]
Vertical resolution Point of measurement Point of measurement 15 in [38.10 cm] Point of measurement 15 in [38.10 cm] CBL: 3 ft [0.91 m]
VDL: 5 ft [1.52 m]
Cement map: 2 ft [0.61 m]
Accuracy Sapphire gauge: ±6 psi Caliper: ±0.2 in [±5.1 mm] ±0.04 g/cm3 (accuracy), Gas holdup between 2% and Based on formation, casing, CBL: 2% (repeatability)
[±41,370 Pa] (accuracy), (accuracy), 0.04 in [1.0 mm] 0.002 g/cm3 (resolution) 98%: ±1% (otherwise without and borehole characteristics
0.1 psi [689 Pa] (resolution) on diameter (resolution) probe protector: ±5%, with
High-pressure Sapphire gauge: probe protector: ±7%)
±13 psi [±89,632 Pa] (accuracy), Caliper: ±0.20 in [±5.1 mm]
0.2 psi [1,379 Pa] at 1-s gate
time (resolution)
CQG gauge: ±(1 psi [6,894 Pa] +
0.01% of reading) (accuracy),
0.01 psi [69 Pa] at 1-s gate time
(resolution)
Temperature: ±1.8 degF [±1 degC]
(accuracy), 0.01 degF [0.018 degC]
(resolution)
Depth of investigation Borehole Borehole Borehole Borehole 10 in [25.40 cm] CBL and cement map:
Casing to cement bond
Mud type or weight None None Measurement not valid None None None
limitations in horizontal wells
Special applications Exceeds NACE standards
for H₂S resistance

Mechanical Specifications
PBMS PFCS PGMS GHOST Tool RSTPro Tool SCMT Tool
Temperature rating† 302 degF [150 degC] 302 degF [150 degC] 302 degF [150 degC] 302 degF [150 degC] 302 degF [150 degC] 302 degF [150 degC]
Pressure rating 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 10,000 psi [69 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 2⅜ in [6.03 cm]‡ 2⅜ in [6.03 cm]‡ 2⅜ in [6.03 cm]‡ 2 in [5.08 cm]‡ RST-C: 113⁄16 in [4.60 cm] 2⅜ in [6.03 cm]‡
RST-D: 2⅞ in [7.30 cm]
Borehole size—max. No limit 11 in [27.94 cm] No limit 9 in [22.86 cm] RST-C: 7⅝ in [19.37 cm] 7 in [17.78 cm]
RST-D: 9⅝ in [24.45 cm]
Outside diameter 1.6875 in [4.29 cm] 1.6875 in [4.29 cm] 1.6875 in [4.29 cm] 1.71 in [4.34 cm] RST-C: 1.71 in [4.34 cm] 1.6875 in [4.29 cm]
RST-D: 2.51 in [6.37 cm]
Length 8.27 ft [2.52 m] 5.14 ft [1.57 m] 4.8 ft [1.46 m] 7.1 ft [2.16 m] RST-C: 23.0 ft [7.01 m] 11 ft [3.35 m]
RST-D: 22.2 ft [6.77 m]
Weight 38.3 lbm [17.4 kg] 19.7 lbm [8.9 kg] 29.5 lbm [13.4 kg] 28.4 lbm [12.9 kg] RST-C: 101 lbm [46 kg] 50 lbm [23 kg]
RST-D: 208 lbm [94 kg]
† For high-temperature applications, ask your Schlumberger representative for the individual tool specifications.
‡ Minimum tubing size

58 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Dielectric Dispersion
Logging

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 Dielectric Scanner
Multifrequency Dielectric Dispersion Service
Dielectric Scanner multifrequency
dielectric dispersion service provides
continuous, high-resolution measure-
ment of the variation of formation
dielectric properties as a function of
frequency. Radial interpretation of
each frequency provides permittivity
and conductivity, which are input to a
petrophysical model to obtain water-
filled porosity (hence water satura-
tion within the total porosity), water
salinity, and textural effects. Pressure,
temperature, and the permittivity and
conductivity of the borehole mudcake
are also measured to correct for envi-
ronmental effects.
In carbonates, Dielectric Scanner
service’s analysis of textural effects
provides a continuous in situ mea-
surement the Archie mn exponents
instead of requiring their estimation
or a wait for laboratory core analysis.
In shaly sands, processing provides a
continuous log of the cation exchange
capacity (CEC), accounting for the
effect of the clay volume.
The articulated pad of Dielectric
Scanner service improves contact with
the formation in rugose boreholes, a
condition that previous mandrel-type
electromagnetic propagation tools
were sensitive to.
Applications
■ Direct measurement of water
volume independent of water
resistivity (Rw) at a depth of
investigation to 4 in [10 cm],
solving for
– Residual hydrocarbon volume
in produced reservoirs
– Hydrocarbon volume in low-
resistivity or low-contrast shaly
and laminated sand formations
– Hydrocarbon volume and
mobility in heavy oil reservoirs
– Water salinity
■ Continuous Archie mn exponent log
from rock texture measurements
in carbonates for determining
saturations beyond the invaded zone
■ CEC to account for the effect of
clay volume in siliciclastics
■ High-resolution water-filled porosity
for thin-bed analysis

Wireline Services Catalog ■ Dielectric Dispersion Logging 61

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
Dielectric Scanner Service
Output Relative dielectric permittivity and conductivity at four frequencies
Logging speed 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Range of measurement Permittivity: 1 to 100
at highest frequency Conductivity: 0.1 to 3,000 mS
Vertical resolution† 1 in [2.5 cm]
Accuracy at highest frequency Corresponding to 0.002-ft3/ft3 [0.002-m3/m3] water-filled porosity
Permittivity: ±1% or ±0.1
Conductivity: ±1% or ±5 mS
Depth of investigation To 4 in [10 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Conveyance on wireline, TLC tough logging conditions system, or tractor
Special applications Articulated pad for rugose boreholes
† 1-in resolution depending on frequency

Mechanical Specifications
Dielectric Scanner Service
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC]
Pressure rating 15,000 psi [103 MPa]
Outside diameter 4.77 in [12.12 cm]
Borehole size—min. 5.5 in [13.97 cm]
Borehole size—max. 22.0 in [55.88 cm]
Min. restriction 5.25 in [13.34 cm]
Length 11.27 ft [3.44 m]
Weight 262 lbm [119 kg]
Tension 50,000 lbf [222,411 N]
Compression† 4,400 lbf [19,572 N]
† 8,000 lbf [35,586 N] with stiffener kit for the TLC system

62 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Resistivity Logging

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Rt Scanner triaxial induction service
calculates vertical and horizontal resis-
tivity (Rv and Rh, respectively) from
direct measurements while simultane-
ously solving for formation dip at any
well deviation. Making measurements
at multiple depths of investigation in
three dimensions ensures that the
derived resistivities are true 3D mea-
surements. The enhanced hydrocarbon
and water saturation estimates com-
puted from these measurements result
in a more accurate reservoir model
and reserves estimates, especially for
low-resistivity laminated, anisotropic,
or faulted formations.
Compact, one-piece Rt Scanner
service has multiple triaxial arrays,
each containing three collocated coils
measuring at various depths into the
formation. Rv and Rh are calculated
at each of the triaxial spacings. Short
single-axis receivers and collocated
triaxial receivers are used to fully
characterize the borehole signal and
remove the borehole effect.
Rt Scanner service also simulta-
neously measures formation dip and
azimuth for making advanced correc-
tions for the effects of bed boundar-
ies and formation dip. Accurate dip
and azimuth measurements can be
obtained for a wide range of borehole
conditions and formation environ-
ments, including at any well angle to
the formation layers, in air-filled bore-
holes, and in the presence of invasion.
Layer dip is computed at 10- to 50-ft
[3- to 15-m] intervals.
Wireline Services Catalog ■ Resistivity Logging 65
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Rt Scanner
Triaxial Induction Service
Although the intervals are at lower
vertical resolution than dip from an
image tool or dipmeter, measure-
ments from Rt Scanner service are
sufficiently robust to provide criti-
cal structural information and detect
major events, such as bed boundaries
and unconformities or faults crossing
the borehole.
Along with advanced resistivity and
structural information, Rt  Scanner
service delivers standard AIT array
induction imager tool measurements
for correlation with existing field logs.
The tool’s innovative single-piece
design requires the addition of only a
caliper and the GPIT* general purpose
inclinometry tool to the toolstring to
operate. Rt Scanner service is also
fully combinable with most openhole
services and the Platform Express
integrated wireline logging tool, adding
only 7 ft [2 m] to the length of a triple-
combo Platform Express tool when
replacing the AIT resistivity tool.
Applications
■ Quantification of laminated or
low-resistivity formations
■ Corrected resistivity for shoulder
beds at any dip
■ Determination of water
saturation, Sw
■ Geometric reservoir modeling
■ Structural analysis
■ Completion design and facilities
optimization
Measurement Specifications
Rt Scanner Service
Output Rv, Rh, AIT tool logs, spontaneous potential, dip, azimuth
Logging speed Max.: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Depth of investigation AIT: 10, 20, 30, 60, and 90 in [25.40, 50.80, 76.20, 152.40,
and 228.60 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations Determined during job planning
Combinability Bottom-only tool, combinable with
Platform Express tool and most openhole tools
Special applications

Mechanical Specifications
Rt Scanner Service
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 6 in [15.24 cm]
Borehole size—max. 20 in [50.8 cm]
Outside diameter† 3.875 in [9.84 cm]
Length 19.6 ft [5.97 m]
Weight 404 lbm [183 kg]
Tension 25,000 lbf [111,205 N]
Compression 6,000 lbf [26,690 N]
† Does not include required standoff

66 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Induction logging tools accurately mea-
sure open borehole formation conduc-
tivity as a function of both well depth
and radius into the formation at differ-
ent borehole conditions and environ-
ments. Various tools cater to special
operating environments, including slim
wells and hostile, HPHT environments.
Wireline array induction tools use
an array induction coil that operates
at multiple frequencies. Software
focusing of the received signals gen-
erates a series of resistivity logs with
different depths of investigation.
Multichannel signal processing pro-
vides robust, stable tool responses
with enhanced radial and vertical
resolution and correction for environ-
mental effects. Quantitative 2D imag-
ing of formation resistivity is possible
because of the large number of mea-
surements made. The images repre-
sent bedding and invasion features
clearly and quantitatively. Advanced
invasion description parameters are
used to describe the presence of tran-
sition zones and annuli. The quantita-
tive information about invasion can
be converted to a 2D image of water
saturation Sw, which can be plotted in
color at the wellsite.
AIT array induction
imager tool
The standard AIT-B and AIT-C tools
are used in moderate-environment
wellbore conditions to measure the
true resistivity of geologic forma-
tions. The AIT tools’s measurement
of conductivity as a function of both
depth and distance from the borehole
revolutionized induction logging by
increasing the depth of investigation
of the measured signal concurrent
with reducing the vertical resolution
from 4 to 2 ft [1.22 to 0.61 m] and to 1 ft
[0.30 m] in smooth wellbores.
Resistivity Logging 67
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Induction Tools
Platform Express array
induction imager tool
The AIT-H tool is designed expressly
for the Platform Express integrated
wireline logging tool. It is approxi-
mately one-half the length of the
AIT-B and AIT-C tools, yet provides
the same high-quality measurement.
The tool is used primarily in stan-
dard logging conditions of pressure
to 15,000 psi [103 MPa] and tem-
perature to 257 degF [125 degC]. The
more recent AIT-M tool provides the
same measurements with a tempera-
ture rating of 302 degF [150 degC].
Hostile Environment
Induction Imager Tool
The HIT is a component of the Xtreme
platform for logging hostile envi-
ronment wells. Even under severe
temperature and pressure condi-
tions, the induction measurement
quality matches that of the standard
AIT tools.
SlimXtreme Array
Induction Imager Tool
The QAIT tool is used with the
SlimXtreme platform to log slim
wellbores under severe environmen-
tal conditions. The slim tool diam-
eter is also useful for logging through
severe doglegs.
QAIT AIT-C AIT-BA
Applications
■ Reservoir delineation
■ Determination of Rt
■ Determination of Sw
■ Hydrocarbon identification
and imaging
■ Determination of movable

hydrocarbons
■ Invasion profiling

■ Thin-bed analysis

Measurement Specifications
AIT-B and AIT-C AIT-H and AIT-M HIT QAIT
Output 10-, 20-, 30-, 60-, and 90-in [25.40-, 50.80-, 76.20-, 152.40-, and 228.60-cm] deep induction resistivities, SP, Rm
Logging speed 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Range of measurement 0.1 to 2,000 ohm.m
Vertical resolution 1, 2, and 4 ft [0.30, 0.61, and 1.22 m]
Accuracy Resistivities: ±0.75 us/m (conductivity) or ±2% (whichever is greater)
Depth of investigation† AO/AT/AF10: 10 in [25.40 cm]
AO/AT/AF20: 20 in [50.80 cm]
AO/AT/AF30: 30 in [76.20 cm]
AO/AT/AF60: 60 in [152.40 cm]
AO/AT/AF90: 90 in [228.60 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations Salt-saturated muds usually outside the operating range of induction tools
Combinability Combinable with most services Platform Express tool Xtreme platform SlimXtreme platform
Special applications High temperature Slim wellbores
H₂S service HPHT
† AO = 1-ft [0.30-m] vertical resolution, AT = 2-ft [0.61-m] vertical resolution, AF = 4-ft [1.22-m] vertical resolution

Mechanical Specifications
AIT-B and AIT-C AIT-H AIT-M HIT QAIT
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC] 257 degF [125 degC] 302 degF [150 degC] 500 degF [260 degC] 500 degF [260 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 25,000 psi [172 MPa] 30,000 psi [207 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4¾ in [12.07 cm] 4¾ in [12.07 cm] 4¾ in [12.07 cm] 4⅞ in [12.38 cm] 3⅞ in [9.84 cm]
Borehole size—max. 20 in [50.80 cm] 20 in [50.80 cm] 20 in [50.80 cm] 20 in [50.80 cm] 20 in [50.80 cm]
Outside diameter 3.875 in [9.84 cm] 3.875 in [9.84 cm] 3.875 in [9.84 cm] 3.875 in [9.84 cm] 3 in [7.62 cm]
Length 33.5 ft [10.21 m]† 16 ft [4.88 m] 16 ft [4.88 m] 29.2 ft [8.90 m]† 30.8 ft [9.39 m]†
Weight 575 lbm [261 kg] 255 lbm [116 kg] 282 lbm [128 kg] 625 lbm [283 kg] 499 lbm [226 kg]
Tension 16,500 lbf [73,400 N] 20,000 lbf [88,960 N] 20,000 lbf [88,960 N] 20,000 lbf [88,960 N] 20,000 lbf [88,960 N]
Compression 2,300 lbf [10,230 N] 6,000 lbf [26,690 N] 6,000 lbf [26,690 N] 6,000 lbf [26,690 N] 2,000 lbf [8,900 N]
† Without SP sub

68 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


ARI azimuthal
resistivity imager
The ARI* azimuthal resistivity imager
combines standard laterolog measure-
ments with a 12-channel azimuthal
resistivity image and a high-resolution
deep resistivity measurement. The
resis­tivity image has 100% borehole
coverage and complements high-
resolution borehole images from the
FMI* fullbore formation microimager
by differentiating between natural
deep fractures and shallow, drilling-
induced cracks. Azi­muthal resistivity
measurements also enable the detec-
tion of nearby conductive beds in
horizontal wells.
Applications
■ Determination of Rt
■ Deviated and horizontal
well evaluation
■ Azimuthal resistivity evaluation
HRLA high-resolution
laterolog array tool
The HRLA* high-resolution laterolog
array tool provides five independent,
actively focused, depth- and resolution-
matched measurements that can resolve
the true formation resistivity in thinly
bedded and deeply invaded formations.
Unprecedented combinability results
from the through-wired tool design. The
absence of a current return at surface
as well as no required use of a bridle
greatly improves wellsite efficiency.
Resistivity Logging 69
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Laterolog Tools
Applications
■ Determination of Rt
■ Deviated and horizontal
well evaluation
■ Thin-bed analysis
■ Rt measurements free
of Gröningen effects
■ Short-radius wells
High-Resolution Azimuthal
Laterolog Sonde
The HALS uses a central azimuthal
array of electrodes to produce deep
and shallow resistivity images and an
image of the electrical standoff for
the Platform Express integrated wire-
line logging tool. A computed focusing
scheme increases the accuracy of the
measurement and enables the simul-
taneous computation of standard and
high-resolution curves by changing
HALS
the focusing conditions.
Applications
Determination of Rt
■
■ Resistivity logs and azimuthal
images with 1-ft [0.30-m]
vertical resolution
■ Thin-bed analysis
■ Fracture identification and
HRLA
characterization
■ Deviated and horizontal well
evaluation
■ Gröningen-corrected resistivity
■ Evaluation of heterogeneous
reservoirs
■ Borehole profiling
■ Invasion characterization for
permeability indication
■ Identification of fluid contacts
ARI
Measurement Specifications
ARI Imager
Output Deep laterolog, shallow laterolog,
high-resolution deep laterolog,
Gröningen laterolog, azimuthal
resistivity, resistivity images
Logging speed 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
Range of measurement 0.2 to 100,000 ohm.m
Vertical resolution Deep and shallow laterolog:
29-in [73.66-cm] beam width
High-resolution laterolog:
8-in [20.32-cm] beam width
Accuracy 1 to 2,000 ohm.m: ±5%
2,000 to 5,000 ohm.m: ±10%
5,000 to 100,000 ohm.m: ±20%
Depth of investigation 40 in [101.6 cm] (varies with
formation and mud resistivities)
Mud type or weight limitations Rm < 5 ohm.m
Combinability Combinable with most tools
† HRLA performance specifications are for 8-in borehole.
‡ Median response at 10:1 contrast of true to invaded zone resistivity
Mechanical Specifications
ARI Imager
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4½ in [11.43 cm]
Borehole size—max. 21 in [53.34 cm]
Outside diameter 3⅝ in [9.21 cm]†
7¼ in [18.41 cm]†
Length 33.25 ft [10.13 m]
Weight 579 lbm [263 kg]
Tension 3,000 lbf [13,345 N]
9,400 lbf [41,810 N]
Compression 2,000 lbf [8,900 N]
† ARI tool is available in two sizes to fit different borehole sizes.
70 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
HRLA Tool† HALS
Deep laterolog, shallow laterolog, High-resolution deep laterolog,
high-resolution resistivity, diameter of high-resolution shallow laterolog,
invasion, resistivity images, mud resistivity resistivity images, mud resistivity
3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h] 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Rm = 1 ohm.m: 0.2 to 0.2 to 40,000 ohm.m
100,000 ohm.m
Rm = 0.02 ohm.m: 0.2 to
20,000 ohm.m
12 in [30.48 cm] Standard resolution: 18 in [45.72 cm]
in 6-in [15.24-cm] borehole
High resolution: 8 in [20.32 cm]
in 6-in [15.24-cm] borehole
1 to 2,000 ohm.m: ±5% 1 to 2,000 ohm.m: ±5%
2,000 to 5,000 ohm.m: ±10%
5,000 to 100,000 ohm.m: ±20%
50 in [127.0 cm]‡ 32 in [81.3 cm] (varies with
formation and mud resistivities)
Conductive mud systems only Conductive mud systems only
Combinable with most tools Bottom component of
Platform Express tool
HRLA Tool HALS
302 degF [150 degC] 257 degF [125 degC]
15,000 psi [103 MPa] 10,000 psi [69 MPa]
5 in [12.70 cm] 5½ in [13.97 cm]
16 in [40.64 cm] 16 in [40.64 cm]
3⅝ in [9.21 cm] 3⅝ in [9.21 cm]
24.1 ft [7.34 m] 16 ft [4.88 m]
394 lbm [179 kg] 221 lbm [100 kg]
30,000 lbf [133,450 N] 20,000 lbf [88,960 N]
With fin standoff: 3,600 lbf [16,010 N] 2,400 lbf [10,675 N]
With rigid centralizers: 7,800 lbf [34,700 N] With four rigid centralizers:
9,400 lbf [41,810 N]

Microresistivity tools measure the
resistivity of the invaded zone Rxo.
Micro-normal and -inverse measure-
ments are made for permeability
indication.
MicroSFL spherically
focused resistivity tool
The MicroSFL* spherically focused
resistivity tool (MSFL) achieves the
very shallow depth of investigation
necessary to measure formation
resistivity close to the borehole wall
through its electrode spacing arrange-
ment in combination with control of
the bucking current. The MicroSFL
tool also provides an indication of the
mudcake thickness hmc and a real-
time synthetic microlog generated
from the micro-normal (MNOR) and
micro-inverse (MINV) measurements.
Micro-Cylindrically
Focused Log
The Micro-Cylindrically Focused Log
(MCFL) and Three-Detector Lith­ology
Density (TLD) tools are collocated on
the Platform Express integrated wire-
line logging tool. The MCFL consists
of a narrow, wear-resistant metallic
pad and provides three basic mea-
surements: Rxo, hmc, and the mudcake
resistivity Rmc.
The MCFL has several advantages
over previous devices for measuring
invaded zone resistivity. The MCFL
uses a dual-focusing method to cre-
ate cylindrical equipotential surfaces
that are the optimal shape for the
cylindrical borehole and mudcake and
make the tool insensitive to variations
Resistivity Logging 71
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Microresistivity Tools
in mudcake thickness and borehole
geometry. The 3-in [7.62-cm] depth of
investigation also makes the measure-
ment insensitive to mudcake up to
0.4 in [1 cm] thick, and correction
can be made for thicker mudcake. The
measurement of mudcake thickness
is input to quality control processes
for the TLD and other tools sensitive
to standoff.
Powered Caliper Device
with microlog tool
The Powered Caliper Device (PCD)
with microlog tool consists of a
hydraulic sonde containing two cali-
per arms and a microlog pad. The
microlog pad is mounted on the larger
caliper arm, which eccenters the tool.
The smaller caliper arm is mounted
opposite the large arm and is used
as a borehole rugosity indicator. The
microlog micro-normal and micro-
inverse measurements are used to
indicate permeability. MCFL
Applications
MSFL
■ Rxo measurement
■ Invasion correction of deep
resistivity measurements
■ Detection of permeable zones
■ Quantitative estimate of water
saturation in the flushed zone
(Sxo) (movable oil) PCD
■ Evaluation of sand-shale
laminations (sand count)
■ Measurement of hole diameter
■ Indication of hole rugosity
Mechanical Specifications
Output
Logging speed
Range of measurement
Vertical resolution
Accuracy
Depth of investigation
Mud type or weight limitations
Combinability
Special applications
Mechanical Specifications
Temperature rating
Pressure rating
Borehole size—min.
Borehole size—max.
Outside diameter
Length
Weight
Tension
Compression
72 Wireline Services Catalog
MicroSFL Tool
Resistivity of the invaded zone
1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
0.2 to 1,000 ohm.m
2 to 3 in [5.08 to 7.67 cm]
±2 ohm.m
0.7 in [1.78 cm]
Oil-base mud
Combinable with most tools
MicroSFL Tool
350 degF [177 degC]
20,000 psi [138 MPa]
5½ in [13.97 cm]
17½ in [44.45 cm]
Caliper closed:
4.77 in [12.11 cm]
12.3 ft [3.75 m]
313 lbm [142 kg]
40,000 lbf [177,930 N]
5,000 lbf [22,240 N]
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
MCFL PCD with Microlog
Resistivity of the invaded zone Micro-normal, micro-inverse,
two calipers (single axis)
3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h] 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
0.2 to 2,000 ohm.m Short arm: 1.25 in [3.18 cm]
Hole diameter: 22 in [55.9 cm]
0.70 in [1.78 cm] Micro-normal: 2 in [5.08 cm]
Micro-inverse: 1 in [2.54 cm]
±5% Caliper: ±0.2 in [±0.51 cm]
3.0 in [7.62 cm] Micro-normal: �1.5 in [�3.8 cm]
Micro-inverse: �0.5 in [�1.3 cm]
Oil-base mud Oil-base mud
Housed with the TLD in the Combinable with most tools
High-Resolution Mechanical
Sonde of the Platform Express tool
Provides eccentric positioning for
other services that require it
MCFL PCD with Microlog
302 degF [150 degC] 350 degF [177 degC]
15,000 psi [103 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Without bow spring: 51⁄5 in [13.21 cm] Without microlog pad: 6½ in [16.51 cm]
With bow spring: 6 in [15.24 cm] With microlog pad: 7 in [22.23 cm]
16 in [40.64 cm] 22 in [55.88 cm]
4.625 in [11.75 cm] Without pad: 3.375 in [8.57 cm]
With slim pad: 5 in [12.70 cm]
With standard pad: 6.25 in [15.87 cm]
10.85 ft [3.31 m] 17.25 ft [5.26 m]
171.7 lbm [78 kg] 345 lbm [156 kg]
50,000 lbf [222,410 N] 40,000 lbf [177,930 N]
8,800 lbf [39,140 N] 5,000 lbf [22,240 N]
 CHFR-Plus and CHFR-Slim
Cased Hole Formation Resistivity Tools
The CHFR-Plus cased hole formation
resistivity tool and CHFR-Slim slimhole
tool provide deep-reading resistivity
measurements from behind steel
casing. The tools induce a current that
travels in the casing, where it flows
both upward and downward before
returning to the surface along a path
similar to that employed by openhole
laterolog tools. Most of the current
remains in the casing, but a very small
portion escapes to the formation.
Electrodes on the tools measure the
potential difference created by the
leaked current, which is proportional
to the formation conductivity.
Typical formation resistivity values
are about 109 times the resistivity value
of the steel casing. The measurement
current escaping to the formation
causes a voltage drop in the casing
segment. Because the resistance of
casing is a few tens of microohms and
the leaked current is typically on the
order of few milliamperes, the potential
difference measured by the CHFR-Plus
between the electrodes and the casing
is optimized by the design of the
electrodes, which scrape through small
amounts of casing scale and corrosion.
Because the electrodes are in direct
contact with the casing, the CHFR-Plus
and CHFR-Slim tools are not limited
to operations in conductive borehole
fluids and operate in wells with oil,
oil-base mud, or gas in the casing. The
typical low-resistivity (1- to 5-ohm.m)
cements used in well construction do
not have a significant effect on cased
hole resistivity measurement.
Applications
■ Measuring resistivity behind
casing in new or old wells
■ Reservoir monitoring
■ Locating bypassed hydrocarbons
■ Determining residual oil
saturation and identifying
gas/oil/water contacts
■ Contingency logging in wells

and CHFR-Slim tools is in nanovolts. where openhole logs cannot

Measurement is performed while be run
the CHFR-Plus and CHFR-Slim tools ■ Reevaluating existing fields
CHFR-Slim
are stationary to avoid the noise
introduced by tool movement. Contact

CHFR-Plus

Resistivity Logging 73

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
CHFR-Plus and CHFR-Slim Tools
Output Formation resistivity
Logging speed Stationary: �1 min/station†
Range of measurement 1 to 100 ohm.m‡
Vertical resolution 4 ft [1.2 m]
Accuracy ±3% to ±10%
Depth of investigation§ 7 to 32 ft [2.1 to 9.75 m]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Gamma ray, CCL
Special applications H₂S service
† Stations are recorded every 4 ft [1.22 m]. Two resistivity measurements, 2 ft [0.61 m] apart are made simultaneously by redundant electrodes at each
station. The resulting effective logging speed is 240 ft/h [73 m/h].
‡ Measurement of resistivities greater than 100 ohm.m may be possible based on the environment.
§ For an infinitely thick bed

Mechanical Specifications
CHFR-Plus Tool CHFR-Slim Tool
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC] 302 degF [150 degC]
Pressure rating 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa]
Casing size—min. 4½ in 2⅞ in (min. ID: 2.4 in [6.10 cm])
Casing size—max. 9⅝ in 7 in
Outside diameter 3.375 in [8.57 cm] 2.125 in [5.40 cm]
Length 48 ft [14.63 m] 37 ft [11.28 m]
Weight 683 lbm [310 kg] 253 lbm [115 kg]
Tension 20,000 lbf [88,960 N] 10,000 lbf [44,480 N]
Compression 2,400 lbf [10,675 N] 1,000 lbf [4,448 N]

74 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Nuclear
Measurements

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 Gamma Ray Tools

Gamma ray tools record naturally

occurring gamma rays in the forma-
tions adjacent to the wellbore. This
nuclear measurement indicates the
radioactive content of the formations.
Effective in any environment, gamma
ray tools are the standard device used
for the correlation of logs in cased and
open holes.

Applications
■ Depth determination
■ Depth correlation within the well CGRS
and between wells
■ Lithology identification

■ Qualitative evaluation of shaliness

■ Qualitative evaluation of radioactive

mineral deposits
■ Cased hole perforating

depth control SGT-N
■ Positioning for openhole

sampling tools

HTGC
HGNS

QTGC

Wireline Services Catalog ■ Nuclear Measurements 77

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
Highly Integrated Hostile Environment Scintillation Gamma SlimXtreme Telemetry Combinable Gamma
Gamma Neutron Telemetry and Gamma Ray Tool (SGT) and Gamma Ray Ray Sonde (CGRS)
Sonde (HGNS) Ray Cartridge (HTGC) Cartridge (QTGC)
Output Formation gamma ray Formation gamma ray Formation gamma ray Formation gamma ray Gamma ray activity
Logging speed 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h] 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h] 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h] 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h] Up to 3,600 ft/h
[1,097 m/h]
Range of measurement 0 to 1,000 gAPI 0 to 2,000 gAPI 0 to 2,000 gAPI 0 to 2,000 gAPI 0 to 2,000 gAPI
Vertical resolution 12 in [30.48 cm] 12 in [30.48 cm] 12 in [30.48 cm] 12 in [30.48 cm] 12 in [30.48 cm]
Accuracy ±5% ±5% ±5% ±5% ±5%
Depth of investigation 24 in [60.96 cm] 24 in [60.96 cm] 24 in [60.96 cm] 24 in [60.96 cm] 24 in [60.96 cm]
Mud type or None None None None None
weight limitations
Combinability Part of Platform Combinable with Combinable with Combinable with Combinable with CPLT
Express tool most tools most tools most tools tool, RSTPro tool
Special applications H₂S service

Mechanical Specifications
HGNS HTGC SGT QTGC CGRS
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC] 500 degF [260 degC] 350 degF [177 degC] 500 degF [260 degC] 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 25,000 psi [172 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 30,000 psi [207 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4½ in [11.43 cm] 4¾ in [12.07 cm] 4⅞ in [12.38 cm] 3⅞ in [9.84 cm] 113⁄16-in [4.61-cm]
seating nipple
Borehole size—max. No limit for gamma ray No limit No limit No limit No limit
measurement
Outside diameter 3.375 in [8.57 cm] 3.75 in [9.53 cm] 3.375 in [8.57 cm] 3.0 in [7.62 cm] 111⁄16 in [4.29 cm]
Length 10.85 ft [3.31 m] 10.7 ft [3.26 m] 5.5 ft [1.68 m] 10.67 ft [3.25 m] 3.2 ft [0.97 m]
Weight 171.7 lbm [78 kg] 265 lbm [120 kg] 83 lbm [38 kg] 180 lbm [82 kg] 16 lbm [7 kg]
Tension 50,000 lbf [222,410 N] 50,000 lbf [222,410 N] 50,000 lbf [222,410 N] 50,000 lbf [222,410 N] 10,000 lbf [44,480 N]
Compression 37,000 lbf [164,580 N] 20,000 lbf [88,960 N] 23,000 lbf [103,210 N] 20,000 lbf [88,960 N] 1,000 lbf [4,450 N]

78 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Spectral gamma ray tools provide
insight into the mineral composition
of formations. The total gamma ray
spectra measured is resolved into the
three most common components of
naturally occurring radiation in sands
and shales—potassium, thorium, and
uranium (K, Th, and U, respectively).
These data are used to distinguish
important features of the clay or sand
around the wellbore. The clay type
can be determined, and sand can be
identified as radioactive. The deposi-
tion of radioactive salts behind the
casing by the movement of water can
also be identified.
NGS natural gamma ray
spectrometry tool
The NGS* natural gamma ray spec-
trometry tool uses five-window spec-
troscopy to resolve the total gamma ray
spectra into K, Th, and U curves. The
standard gamma ray and the gamma
ray minus the uranium component are
also presented. The computed gamma
ray or Th curve can be used to evalu-
ate the clay content where radioactive
minerals are present.
Nuclear Measurements 79
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Spectral Gamma Ray Tools
Hostile Environment
Natural Gamma Ray Sonde
The increased sensitivity of the HNGS
set of detectors improves the tool’s
statistical response to the formation
gamma rays to produce a better spec-
tral analysis than that of previous
tools. The improvement in measure-
ment also results from the use of two
detectors instead of one. The HNGS
can log at a faster speed than other
tools that measure the formation
natural gamma ray emissions. Its
500 degF [260 degC] temperature
rating makes it suitable for operations
in hot borehole environments.
Applications
■ Cation exchange capacity studies
■ Reservoir delineation
■ Detailed well-to-well correlation
■ Definition of facies and
depositional environment
■ Igneous rock recognition
■ Recognition of other radioactive
materials
■ Estimated uranium and potassium
potentials
■ Lithologic analysis log input
HNGS
Measurement Specifications
Output
Logging speed
Range of measurement
Vertical resolution
Accuracy
Depth of investigation
Mud type or weight limitations
Combinability
NGS Tool
Gamma ray; corrected gamma ray for uranium;
potassium, thorium, and uranium curves
1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
0 to 2,000 gAPI
8 to 12 in [20.32 to 30.48 cm]
K: ±0.4% (accuracy), 0.25% (repeatability)
Th: ±3.2 ppm (accuracy), 1.5 ppm (repeatability)
U: ±2.3 ppm (accuracy), 0.9 ppm (repeatability)
9.5 in [24.13 cm]
In KCl muds, KCl content must be known
Combinable with most tools
HNGS
Gamma ray; corrected gamma ray for uranium;
potassium, thorium, and uranium curves
1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
0 to 2,000 gAPI
8 to 12 in [20.32 to 30.48 cm]
K: ±0.5% (accuracy), 0.14% (repeatability)
Th: ±2% (accuracy), 0.9 ppm (repeatability)
U: ±2% (accuracy), 0.4 ppm (repeatability)
9.5 in [24.13 cm]
In KCl muds, KCl content must be known
Combinable with most tools

Mechanical Specifications
NGS Tool HNGS
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC] 500 degF [260 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 25,000 psi [172 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4½ in [11.43 cm] 4¾ in [12.07 cm]
Borehole size—max. No limit No limit
Outside diameter NGT-C: 3⅝ in [9.21 cm] 3¾ in [9.53 cm]
NGT-D: 3⅞ in [9.84 cm]
Length 8.6 ft [2.62 m] 11.7 ft [3.57 m]
Weight NGT-C: 165 lbm [75 kg] 276 lbm [125 kg]
NGT-D: 189 lbm [86 kg]
Tension 50,000 lbf [222,410 N] 50,000 lbf [222,410 N]
Compression 20,000 lbf [88,960 N] 23,000 lbf [102,310 N]

80 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


High-Definition Spectroscopy Service
Litho Scanner high-definition spec-
troscopy service employs dual spectral
acquisition as the basis for accurate
elemental weight fractions, miner-
alogy, and lithology—including a
stand-alone, quantitative, in situ deter-
mination of total organic carbon (TOC).
The decay of the gamma ray signal over
time can also be simultaneously mea-
sured to determine the average ther-
mal neutron capture cross section, or
sigma (Σ), for characterizing fluids in
the pore space. The service combines a
high-output pulsed neutron generator
(PNG), unique cerium-doped lantha-
num bromide (LaBr3:Ce) crystal, and
specialized high-performance electron-
ics for acquisition and processing to
measure both inelastic and capture
spectra for an expanded set of key ele-
ments in a wide variety of rock forma-
tions at higher precision and accuracy
than possible from previous-generation
spectroscopy tools in both open and
cased holes.
In carbonates the measurement of
magnesium from the uncontaminated
inelastic spectrum is highly useful for
clearly distinguishing between calcite
and dolomite. The improved sulfur
measurement similarly supports the
quantification of anhydrite from calcite.
In situ TOC is computed by
subtracting the amount of inorganic
carbon (IC) associated with carbonate
minerals from the total inelastic
measurement of carbon. Thus the
Litho Scanner service’s TOC consists of
the carbon contributions of all organic
matter present in the formation:
kerogen, oil, bitumen, filtrate, gas, coal,
etc. Presented as a continuous wellsite
log, instead of individual laboratory
measurements, the TOC output is
based solely on direct measurements
by Litho Scanner service, which makes
it independent of the environment
and reservoir.
Nuclear Measurements 81
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Litho Scanner
In shale gas reservoirs the in situ
TOC is a direct quantification of the
kerogen in place. In shale oil reservoirs,
comparing the in situ TOC with NMR
measurements easily differentiates
the movable hydrocarbon from the
nonmovable kerogen in place without
requiring the use of a multisolver
model. In both shale gas and shale oil
reservoirs, the matrix density provided
by Litho Scanner service is used as a
reference to quantify additional density
porosity in the kerogen content.
Combinable with most openhole
services and conveyed on wireline,
drillpipe, or tractor, 4.5-in-OD
Litho  Scanner service also delivers
4 times better precision than current
technology at a higher speed and
with outstanding high-temperature
performance from the LaBr3:Ce
scintillator. No detector cooling
system is needed, and the high
spectral quality is maintained even
during lengthy logging operations at
the rated tool temperature of 350 degF
[177 degC].
Applications
■ Detailed quantitative mineralogy
in complex lithologies
■ Real-time element measurements
and robust quantitative lithology
– Ca, Fe, Mg, and S for carbonate
lithology
– Al, Fe, and Si for siliciclastic
lithology
– Al, Ca, Fe, K, and Si for uncon-
ventional reservoirs
■ Continuous in situ TOC log
– Kerogen volume in shale oil
and shale gas reservoirs
– Weight-percent oil in heavy oil
reservoirs and oil sands
■ Independent measurement of oil ■ Matrix properties for petrophysical ■ Quick, accurate bulk mineralogy
volume evaluation and TOC inputs to sCore*
– Identification of low-resistivity – Accurate density porosity lithofacies classification scheme
pay used to target intervals with
– Neutron mineralogy correction
superior reservoir and completion
– Identification of oil zones in – Mud-independent photoelectric quality in the Mangrove*
freshwater, mixed, and unknown factor engineered stimulation design in
salinity reservoirs
– Dielectric permittivity and sigma the Petrel E&P software platform
– Better delineation of the oil/ ■ Element logs for well-to-well cor- ■ Metals for mining exploration: Cu,
water contact in low-permeability
relation and sequence stratigraphy Gd, Ni, and Ti
reservoirs
■ Cased hole formation evaluation
■ Formation fluid sigma
behind casing
– Gas identification
– Identification of bypassed zones
– Baseline to monitor fluid move-
– Wireline measurements as a
ment for enhanced oil recovery
complement to LWD
(EOR)

Measurement Specifications
Litho Scanner Service
Output Elemental yields, elemental weight fractions, TOC, dry-weight
mineral concentrations, formation sigma, matrix properties
Logging speed† Max.: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Range of measurement 1 to 10 MeV
Vertical resolution 18 in [45.72 cm]
Depth of investigation 7 to 9 in [17.78 to 22.86 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Combinable with most openhole tools
Conveyance on wireline, TLC tough logging conditions system,
or tractor
Special applications
† A tool planner is used to estimate the precision of the elemental concentrations and interpreted properties such as matrix density
for a given environment, with the recommended logging speed depending on the required precision.

Mechanical Specifications
Litho Scanner Service
Temperature rating Version A: 284 degF [140 degC]
Version C: 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 5.5 in [13.97 cm]
Borehole size—max. 24 in [60.96 cm]†
Outside diameter 4.5 in [11.4 cm]
Length Version A: 14 ft [4.27 m]
Version C: 9 ft [2.74 m]
Weight Version A: 366 lbm [166 kg]
Version C: 290 lbm [132 kg]
Tension 55,000 lbf [244,652 N]
Compression 22,500 lbf [100,085 N]
† With bow spring

82 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Elemental Capture Spectroscopy Sonde
The ECS elemental capture
spectroscopy sonde uses a standard
16Ci [59.2 × 1010-Bq] americium
beryllium (AmBe) neutron source and
a large bismuth germanate (BGO)
detector to measure relative elemental
yields based on neutron-induced
capture gamma ray spectroscopy. The
primary elements measured in both
open and cased holes are for the
formation elements silicon (Si), iron
(Fe), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), titan­
ium (Ti), gadolinium (Gd), chlorine
(Cl), barium (Ba), and hydrogen (H).
Wellsite processing uses the
254-channel gamma ray energy spec-
trum to produce dry-weight elements,
lithology, and matrix properties. The
first step involves spectral deconvo-
lution of the composite gamma ray
energy spectrum by using a set of ele-
mental standards to produce relative
elemental yields. The relative yields are
then converted to dry-weight elemen-
tal concentration logs for the elements
Si, Fe, Ca, S, Ti, and Gd using an oxides
closure method. Matrix prop­erties and
quantitative dry-weight lithologies are
then calculated from the dry-weight
elemental fractions by SpectroLith
lithology processing for spectroscopy
tools using empirical relationships
derived from an extensive core chem-
istry and mineralogy database.
The outputs of SpectroLith lithology
processing are
■ dry-weight lithology fractions
(from elements)
– total clay
– total carbonate
– anhydrite + gypsum from
S and Ca
– QFM (quartz + feldspar + mica)
– pyrite
– siderite
– coal
– salt
Nuclear Measurements 83
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
ECS
■ matrix properties (from elements)
– matrix grain density
– matrix thermal and epithermal
neutron
– matrix sigma.
Applications
■ DecisionXpress integrated
petrophysical analysis
■ Clay fraction independent of
gamma ray, spontaneous potential,
and density neutron
■ Carbonate, gypsum or anhydrite,
QFM, pyrite, siderite, coal, and
salt fractions for complex-
reservoir analysis
■ Matrix density and matrix neutron
values for more accurate porosity
calculation
■ Sigma matrix for cased and open-
hole sigma saturation analysis
■ Mineralogy-based permeability
estimates
■ Quantitative lithology for
rock properties modeling and
pore pressure prediction from
seismic data
■ Geochemical stratigraphy (chemo­
stratigraphy) for well-to-well cor-
relation
■ Enhanced completion and drilling
fluid recommendations based on
clay versus carbonate cementation
■ Coalbed methane bed delineation,
producibility, and in situ reserves ECS
estimation
Measurement Specifications
ECS Sonde
Output Elemental yields, dry-weight elemental fractions,
dry-weight SpectroLith lithology, matrix properties
Logging speed 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
Range of measurement 600 keV to 8 MeV
Vertical resolution 18 in [45.72 cm]
Accuracy† ±2% – coherence to standards computed
Depth of investigation 9 in [22.86 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Combinable with most tools
Special applications Automatic wellsite petrophysical interpretation
† Elemental statistical uncertainty at nominal conditions (1,800-ft/h logging speed, resolution degradation factor of 5, 16,000-cps count rate,
and closure normalization factor of 3): Si 2.16%, Ca 2.19%, Fe 0.36%, S 1.04%, Ti 0.10%, and Gd 3.48 ppm.

Mechanical Specifications
ECS Sonde
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
500 degF [260 degC] (internal flask, CO₂ cooling)
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
High-pressure housing: 25,000 psi [172 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 6 in [15.24 cm]
Borehole size—max. 20 in [50.80 cm]
Outside diameter 5.0 in [12.70 cm]
High-pressure housing: 5.5 in [13.97 cm]
Length 10.15 ft [3.09 m]
Weight 305 lbm [138 kg]
Tension 50,000 lbf [222,410 N]
Compression 20,000 lbf [88, 960 N]

84 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Compensated neutron tools measure
the hydrogen index of downhole for-
mations. The measurements are con-
verted to porosity values, which in
combination with density tool mea-
surements provide an indication of
lithology and gas in zones of interest.
Some compensated neutron tools pro-
vide thermal and epithermal measure-
ments. Thermal measurements require
a liquid-filled borehole. Epithermal
measurements can be made in air- or
gas-filled boreholes.
CNL compensated neutron
logging tool
The CNL compensated neutron logging
tool contains a radioactive source that
bombards the formation with fast neu-
trons. The neutrons are slowed, primar-
ily by hydrogen atoms in the formation.
Detectors count the slowed neutrons
deflected back to the tool. Because
the CNL tool responds primarily to the
hydrogen content of the formation, the
measurements are scaled in porosity
units. Both epithermal (intermediate
energy) neutrons and thermal (slow)
neutrons can be measured depending
on the detector design. The CNL tool
uses two thermal detectors to produce
a borehole-compensated thermal neu-
tron measurement. The DNL* dual-
energy neutron logging tool (CNT-G)
has two thermal and two epithermal
detectors that make separate energy
measurements for gas detection and
improved reservoir description.
Highly Integrated Gamma
Ray Neutron Sonde
The Highly Integrated Gamma Ray
Neutron Sonde (HGNS) is the com-
ponent of the Platform Express inte-
grated wireline logging tool that
Nuclear Measurements 85
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Neutron Porosity Tools
measures neutron porosity. The HGNS
contains sensors for neutron porosity
determination and makes gamma ray
and tool acceleration measurements.
Starting from the same neutron poros-
ity measurement principle as for the
standard CNL tool, the HGNS applies
speed correction to the measure-
ments, which also benefit from the
enhanced reliability characteristics of
the Platform Express tool.
SlimXtreme Compensated
Neutron Porosity Tool
The SlimXtreme Compensated Neu­
tron Porosity Tool (QCNT) provides
the same high-quality, environmen- CNL
tally corrected thermal neutron poros-
ity data as the standard CNL tool. The
3-in [7.62-cm] diameter tool is rated
for up to 8 h of continuous logging at
500 degF [260 degC] and 30,000 psi
[207 MPa].
CHFP cased hole formation
porosity service
CHFP cased hole formation poros-
ity service makes accurate formation CHFP
porosity and sigma measurements
in cased wells. The combination of a
pulsed neutron generator with bore-
hole shielding and focusing obtains
porosity measurements that are
affected only minimally by the bore-
hole environment. Epithermal neu-
tron detection virtually eliminates the
effects of thermal neutron absorbers
and formation and borehole salinity,
as well as sensitivity to matrix density,
tool standoff, and temperature. HGNS QCNT-A
Applications
■ Porosity determination
■ Lithology identification
■ Gas detection
■ Correlation in cased wells
■ Option to pump slim tools
down drillpipe

Measurement Specifications
CNL Tool
Output Thermal neutron porosity
(uncorrected, environmentally
corrected, or alpha processed)
CNT-G: Epithermal neutron porosity
Logging speed Standard: 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
High resolution: 900 ft/h [247 m/h]
Range of measurement 0 to 60 pu [0 to 60% uncorrected
porosity]
Vertical resolution 12 in [30.48 cm]
Accuracy 0 to 20 pu: ±1 pu
30 pu: ±2 pu
45 pu: ±6 pu
Depth of investigation
HGNS QCNT CHFP Service
Thermal neutron porosity Thermal neutron porosity Neutron porosity,
(uncorrected, environmentally (uncorrected, environmentally formation sigma,
corrected, or alpha processed), corrected, or alpha processed) measurement quality
formation gamma ray,
tool acceleration
3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h] 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h] Recommended: 900 ft/h [274 m/h]
Max.: 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
Porosity: 0 to 50 pu
12 in [30.48 cm] 12 in [30.48 cm] 14 in [35.6 cm]
0 to 20 pu: ±1 pu 0 to 20 pu: ±1 pu Porosity: ±1 pu for 0 to 10 pu
30 pu: ±2 pu 30 pu: ±2 pu ±2 pu for 10 to 25 pu
45 pu: ±6 pu 45 pu: ±6 pu ±3 pu for 25 to 40 pu
±4 pu for >40 pu
Sigma: ±1 cu for <20 cu
� 9 in [�23 cm] (varies with hydrogen index of formation) �7 in [�18 cm]
†

Mud type or weight Thermal measurements not possible in air- or gas-filled wellbores None
limitations
Combinability Combinable with most tools Part of Platform Express tool Combinable with most tools Combinable with most toolstrings
Special applications Slim wellbores
Short-radius wells
Tubing-conveyed logging
On tractor
† Depends on casing and cement thickness, with deployment in casing thickness from 0.205 to 0.545 in [5.21 to 13.84 mm] and correction for combined cement and casing thickness up to 1.5 in [3.8 cm]

Mechanical Specifications
CNL Tool HGNS QCNT CHFP Service
Temperature rating 400 degF [204 degC] 302 degF [150 degC] 500 degF [260 degC] 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 30,000 psi [207 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4½ in [12.07 cm] 4½ in [11.43 cm] 4 in [10.16 cm] 4½ in [11.43 cm]
Borehole size—max. 20 in [50.80 cm] 16 in [40.64 cm] 12 in [30.48 cm] 9⅝ in [24.45 cm]
Outside diameter Without bow-spring eccentralizer: 3.375 in [8.57 cm] 3 in [7.62 cm] 3.625 in [9.21 cm]
3.375 in [8.57 cm]
Length 7.25 ft [2.21 m] 10.85 ft [3.31 m] 11.9 ft [3.63 m] 12.94 ft [3.94 m]
Weight 120 lbm [54 kg] 171.7 lbm [78 kg] 191 lbm [87 kgm] 222 lbm [101 kg]
Tension 50,000 lbf [222,410 N] 50,000 lbf [222,410 N] 50,000 lbf [222,410 N] 50,000 lbf [222,410 N]
Compression 23,000 lbf [102,310 N] 37,000 lbf [164,580 N] 15,000 lbf [66,720 N] 23,000 lbf [102,310 N]

86 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 Array Porosity Measurements

APS accelerator Hostile Environment

porosity sonde
The APS accelerator porosity sonde
delivers both epithermal and thermal
neutron measurements by using an
electronic pulsed neutron generator
(PNG) instead of a conventional
radioactive chemical source. The
combination of the large neutron yield
from the PNG and detector shielding
incorporated in the tool results in
measurements that are relatively
insensitive to the borehole environment
and formation characteristics, such as
lithology and salinity.
Five detectors provide accurate
information for conducting porosity
evaluation, gas detection, shale evalu-
ation with greater vertical resolution,
and borehole correction. APS sonde
measurements can be performed in
both open and cased holes.
A proprietary algorithm computes
an equivalent thermal neutron porosity
from the hydrogen index and sigma
Accelerator Porosity Sonde
The Hostile Environment Accelerator
Porosity Sonde (HAPS) is a compo-
nent of the Xtreme high-pressure, high
temperature well logging platform. It
provides APS sonde measurements in
HPHT environments. The installation
of a conventional APS sonde inside
a thermal Dewar flask makes HAPS
operations possible at bottomhole tem-
peratures up to 500 degF [260 degC].
Applications
■ Formation evaluation in open hole
and behind casing
■ Accurate neutron porosity
measurement in environments
with thermal neutron absorbers
■ Accurate hydrogen index
measurement
■ Clay analysis
■ Gas detection

measurements by the APS sonde. ■ Identification of thin pay zones

Because the calculation is derived
using physics and modeling, it is free
of the biases typically introduced by
empirical techniques. The equivalent
thermal neutron porosity from the APS
sonde represents the measurement
that would be obtained by a traditional
thermal neutron tool using an
americium beryllium (AmBe) source.
The APS sonde’s thermal neutron APS
porosity measurement provides conti-
nuity for comparison with conventional
logs while reducing security and envi-
ronmental concerns associated with
chemical radioactive neutron sources.

Nuclear Measurements 87

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
Output
Logging speed
Range of measurement
Vertical resolution
Accuracy
Depth of investigation
Mud type or weight limitations
Combinability
APS Sonde HAPS
Hydrogen index, thermal neutron porosity, Neutron porosity index,
formation sigma formation sigma
Standard: 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h] Standard: 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
High resolution: 900 ft/h [274 m/h] High resolution: 900 ft/h [274 m/h]
High speed: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h] High speed: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Porosity: 0 to 60 pu [0 to 60% uncorrected porosity] Porosity: 0 to 60 pu [0 to 60% uncorrected porosity]
14 in [35.56 cm] 14 in [35.56 cm]
<7 pu: ±0.5 pu <7 pu: ±0.5 pu
7 to 30 pu: ±7% 7 to 30 pu: ±7%
30 to 60 pu: ±10% 30 to 60 pu: ±10%
Sigma: ±1 cu [±0.1/m] Sigma: ±1 cu [±0.1/m]
7 in [17.78 cm] 7 in [17.78 cm]
None None
Combinable with most services Combinable with most services
If combined with ECS sonde, If combined with ECS sonde,
the APS sonde must be run below it the HAPS sonde must be run below it

Mechanical Specifications
APS Sonde HAPS
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC] 500 degF [260 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 25,000 psi [172 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4⅝ in [11.75 cm] 5⅞ in [14.92 cm]
Borehole size—max. 21 in [53.34 cm] 21 in [53.34 cm]
Outside diameter 3.625 in [9.21 cm] Without bow spring: 4 in [10.16 cm]
Length 13 ft [3.96 m] 16 ft [4.88 m]
Weight 222 lbm [101 kg] 400 lbm [181 kg]
Tension 50,000 lbf [22,410 N] 50,000 lbf [22,410 N]
Compression 23,000 lbf [102,310 N] 15,000 lbf [66,720 N]

88 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


The unique dual-detector spectrometry
system of the through-tubing RSTPro
reservoir saturation tool measures the
gamma rays that result from inelastic
scattering, thermal neutron capture,
and neutron activation during the
same trip in the well. Processing of the
inelastic and capture spectra provides
the carbon/oxygen (C/O) ratio, which
is used to determine the formation oil
saturation independent of formation
water salinity that is low or unknown.
If the salinity of the formation water
is high, the sigma mode measurement
of the formation thermal neutron cap-
ture cross section is used to calcu-
late formation oil saturation in the
saline water environment. The mea-
surements can also be used to detect
and quantify the presence of injection
water of a different salinity from that of
the connate water.
The RSTPro tool is used with the
PS  Platform production services plat-
form. The tool is available in two sizes
to address a range of casing sizes and
applications and the issues associated
with wellbores under static or flowing
conditions: 111 ⁄16-in [4.34-cm] RST-C
and 2½-in [6.37-cm] RST-D tools. The
RST-D tool has the added advantage of
shielded detectors; the near detector is
shielded from the formation and the far
detector is shielded from the borehole.
Nuclear Measurements 89
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
RSTPro
Reservoir Saturation Tool
Applications
■ Formation evaluation behind
casing
■ Sigma, porosity, and C/O measure-
ment in one trip in the wellbore
■ Water saturation evaluation in old
wells where modern openhole logs
have not been run
■ Measurement of water velocity
inside casing, irrespective of well-
bore angle (production logging)
■ Measurement of near-wellbore
water velocity outside the casing
(remedial applications)
■ Formation oil volume from C/O
ratio, independent of formation
water salinity
■ Flowing wells (in combination
with an external borehole holdup
sensor)
■ Capture yields (H, Cl, Ca, Si, Fe, S,
Gd, and Mg)
■ Inelastic yields (C, O, Si, Ca,
and Fe)
■ TPHL three-phase borehole
holdup
■ PVL* phase velocity log
■ Borehole salinity
■ SpectroLith processing lithology
indicators
111⁄16-in RST-C 21⁄2-in RST-D
Measurement Specifications
RSTPro Tool
Output Inelastic and capture yields of various elements, carbon/oxygen ratio, formation capture cross section
(sigma), porosity, borehole holdup, water velocity, phase velocity, SpectroLith processing
Logging speed† Inelastic mode: 100 ft/h [30 m/h] (formation dependent)
Capture mode: 600 ft/h [183 m/h] (formation and salinity dependent)
Sigma mode: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Range of measurement Porosity: 0 to 60 pu
Vertical resolution 15 in [38.10 cm]
Accuracy Based on hydrogen index of formation
Depth of investigation 10 in [20.54 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Combinable with the CGRS and tools that use the telemetry system
of the PS Platform production services platform
† See tool planner application for advice on logging speed

Mechanical Specifications
RST-C RST-D
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC] 302 degF [150°C]
With flask: 400 degF [204 degC]
Pressure rating 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa]
With flask: 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 113⁄16 in [4.60 cm] 2⅞ in [7.30 cm]
With flask: 2¼ in [5.72 cm]
Borehole size—max. 9⅝ in [24.45 cm] 9⅝ in [24.45 cm]
With flask: 9⅝ in [24.45 cm]
Outside diameter 1.71 in [4.34 cm] 2.51 in [6.37 cm]
With flask: 2⅛ in [5.40 cm]
Length 23.0 ft [7.01 m] 22.2 ft [6.76 m]
With flask: 33.7 ft [10.27 m]
Weight 101 lbm [46 kg] 208 lbm [94 kg]
With flask: 243 lbm [110 kg]
Tension 10,000 lbf [44,480 N] 10,000 lbf [44,480 N]
Compression 1,000 lbf [4,450 N] 1,000 lbf [4,450 N]

90 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 Density Tools

Density tools provide measurements

of formation density, formation pho-
toelectric factor, and borehole diam-
eter. The density data are used to
calculate porosity and determine the
lithology. The combination of density
and CNL tool data is used to indicate
the presence of gas.

Three-Detector Lithology
Density
The high-resolution measurements
of the Platform Express integrated
wireline logging tool include the
Three-Detector Lithology Density
(TLD) tool, which is housed in the
High-Resolution Mechanical Sonde
(HRMS). The TLD measures forma-
tion density and formation photo­
electric factor. Part of the TLD
measure­ment is called a backscatter
density measurement because it uses
a third detector located close to the
source. Mudcake density, mudcake
photoelectric factor, and mudcake
thickness are computed using a recur-
sive inversion scheme that is based
on a large set of data points. This
approach provides compensated den-
sity and photoelectric factor in non-
barite mud and compensated density
in barite mud.

LDS-C

HRMS

HLDS

QLDT-B

Nuclear Measurements 91

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Litho-Density Sonde
The Litho-Density photoelectric density
logging sonde (LDS) component of
the IPL integrated porosity lithology
service measures the formation bulk
density and photoelectric factor. It has
a pad with a gamma ray source and
two detectors. Magnetic shielding and
high-speed electronics ensure excellent
measurement stability. The LDS records
the full-pulse-height gamma ray spectra
from both detectors and processes
them into windows. Bulk density and
photoelectric cross section are derived
are similar to those of the LDS but
adapted for hostile environment
logging. It is rated to a temperature of
500 degF [260 degC] and pressure of
25,000 psi [172 MPa]. The HLDS uses
a pad-mounted gamma ray source and
two detectors to make three primary
measurements: formation density,
long- and short-spacing photo­electric
factor, and hole diameter.
SlimXtreme Litho-Density
Tool
Applications
Porosity determination
■
■ Lithology analysis and
identification of minerals
■ Gas detection
■ Hydrocarbon density determination
■ Shaly sand interpretation
■ Rock mechanical properties
calculations
■ Determination of overburden
pressure
■ Synthetic seismogram for correlation

conventionally from the windows counts
with enhanced quality control.
Hostile Environment
Lithology Density Sonde
The Hostile Environment Lithology
Density Sonde (HLDS) is a component
of the Xtreme HPHT well logging
platform. Its design and operation
The SlimXtreme Litho-Density Tool with seismic data
(QLDT) is designed for operation in
slim and hostile environments with
temperature and pressure ratings of
500 degF and 30,000 psi [207 MPa],
res­pectively. It measures density and
photoelectric factor using full spectral
data from a three-detector array. The
formation density is determined using
an extended spine-and-ribs algorithm.

92 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
TLD
Output Bulk density, porosity, PEF, caliper
Logging speed Standard: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
High resolution: 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
Range of measurement Bulk density: 1.04 to 3.3 g/cm3
PEF: 0.9 to 10
Caliper: 22 in [55.88 cm]
Vertical resolution Density: 18 in [45.72 cm]
Accuracy Bulk density: ±0.01 g/cm3† (accuracy),
0.025 g/cm3 (repeatability)
Caliper: ±0.1 in [±0.25 cm] (accuracy),
0.05 in [0.127 cm] (repeatability)
Depth of investigation‡ 5 in [12.70 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations Sensitive to barite
Combinability Part of Platform Express tool,
combinable with most tools
Special applications
† At 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h] in nonbarite mud
‡ Average values (depth of investigation depends on density)
LDS
Bulk density, porosity, PEF, caliper
Standard: 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h)
High resolution: 900 ft/h [274 m/h]
High speed: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Bulk density: 1.3 to 3.05 g/cm3
PEF: 1 to 6
Caliper: 16 in [40.64 cm]
Density: 15 in [38.10 cm]
Bulk density: ±0.01 g/cm3 (accuracy),
0.014 g/cm3 (repeatability)
Caliper: ±0.1 in [±0.25 cm] (accuracy),
0.05 in [0.127 cm] (repeatability)
4 in [10.16 cm]
Sensitive to barite
Combinable with most tools
Spectral processing of formation
gamma ray measurement
HLDS
Bulk density, porosity, PEF, caliper
Standard: 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
High resolution: 900 ft/h [274 m/h]
High speed: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Bulk density: 2 to 3 g/cm3
PEF: 1 to 6
Caliper: 16 in [40.64 cm]
Density: 15 in [38.10 cm]
Bulk density: ±0.01 g/cm3 (accuracy),
0.014 g/cm3 (repeatability)
Caliper: ±0.1 in [±0.25 cm] (accuracy),
0.05 in [0.127 cm] (repeatability)
4 in [10.16 cm]
Sensitive to barite
Combinable with most tools
HPHT
Spectral processing of formation
gamma ray measurement
QLDT
Bulk density, porosity, PEF
1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
Bulk density: 1.3 to 3.05 g/cm3
PEF: 1 to 6
Caliper: 9.5 in [24.13 cm]
Density: 15 in [38.10 cm]
Bulk density: ±0.015 g/cm3 (accuracy),
0.014 g/cm3 (repeatability)
Caliper: ±0.1 in [±0.25 cm] (accuracy),
0.05 in [0.127 cm] (repeatability)
4 in [10.16 cm]
Sensitive to barite
Part of SlimXtreme platform,
combinable with most tools
HPHT
Slim wellbores
Short-radius wells
Tubing-conveyed logging
On tractor

Mechanical Specifications
TLD LDS HLDS QLDT
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC] 350 degF [177 degC] 500 degF [260 degC] 500 degF [260 degC]
Pressure rating 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 25,000 psi [172 MPa] 30,000 psi [207 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 6 in [15.24 cm] 5½ in [13.97 cm] 4½ in [11.43 cm] 3⅞ in [9.84 cm]
Borehole size—max. 22 in [55.88 cm] 21 in [53.34 cm] 18 in [45.72 cm] 9 in [22.86 cm]
Outside diameter 4.77 in [12.11 cm] 4.5 in [11.43 cm] 3.5 in [8.89 cm] 3 in [7.62 cm]
Length 12.26 ft [3.74 m] 11 ft [3.35 m] 12.58 ft [3.83 m] 14.7 ft [4.48 m]
Weight 314 lbm [142 kg] 292 lbm [132 kg] 402 lbm [182 kg] 253 lbm [115 kg]
Tension 50,000 lbf [222,410 N] 30,000 lbf [133,450 N] 30,000 lbf [133,450 N] 50,000 lbm [222,410 N]
Compression Without stiffener and locked 5,000 lbf [22,240 N] 5,000 lbf [22,240 N] 17,000 lbf [75,620 N]
flex head: 4,400 lbf [19,570 N]
With stiffener and locked:
flex head: 8,000 lbf [35,590 N]

Nuclear Measurements 93

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance Logging

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Expert Magnetic Resonance Service
MR Scanner expert magnetic reso-
nance service uses multifrequency
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
measurements in a gradient field
design to investigate multiple depths
of investigation in a single pass. The
measurement depths of the main
antenna, ranging from 1.5 to 4 in [3.81
to 10.16 cm], are maintained regard-
less of hole size, deviation, shape,
or temperature. The deep DOIs—
beyond the zone of formation dam-
age—make it easy to identify and
avoid data-quality problems associ-
ated with rugose boreholes, mudcake
thickness, and fluids invasion.
The measurement sequence of
MR Scanner service produces a detailed
evaluation of the near-wellbore region:
■ oil and water saturation
■ total and effective porosity for the
determination of pore volume and
storage capacity
■ bulk volume irreducible water
for the determination of water-
production rate
■ crude oil T distribution for the
2 rugosity or mudcake thickness
determination of oil viscosity
and to assist in standard T2 log
interpretation
■ brine T distribution corrected for
2 viscosity for perforation and
hydrocarbon effects to improve
pore size analysis
■ hydrocarbon-corrected Timur-
Coates permeability for the
determination of producibility
■ T for use when T is not available
1 2
(e.g., logging vuggy porosity or
light hydrocarbons).
Wireline Services Catalog ■ Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging 97
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
MR Scanner
This detailed profile view of the
reservoir fluid contents is insensitive
to borehole condition and fluid salin-
ity and independent of conventional
formation evaluation measurements,
such as resistivity and density logs. The
combination of MR Scanner service’s
diffusion-editing acquisition methods
and MRF* magnetic resonance fluid
characterization produces robust,
advanced fluid characterization,
especially in the challenging environ-
ments of low-resistivity, low-contrast
pay and hydrocarbon-bearing fresh-
water formations.
Applications
■ Radial profile of fluid volumes
and saturations
■ Direct hydrocarbon characteriza-
tion, independent of formation
water resistivity and also achiev-
able in low-resistivity, low-contrast
pay zones and thin beds
■ Formation evaluation, including
thin beds, regardless of borehole
■ Thin-bed evaluation with high-
vertical-resolution measurements
■ Continuous logging of oil
completion optimization
■ Determination of fluid storage
volume based on lithology-
independent porosity
■ Residual oil saturation in water-
base muds and residual water
saturation in oil-base muds
Measurement Specifications
MR Scanner Service
Output T1, T2, and diffusion distributions, lithology-independent total porosity,
bound- and free-fluid volumes, hydrocarbon-corrected permeability,
pore-size distribution
Logging speed Bound-fluid logging: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Basic NMR profiling: 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
T2 radial profiling: 900 ft/h [274 m/h]
High-resolution logging: 400 ft/h [122 m/h]
T1 radial profiling: 300 ft/h [91 m/h]
Saturation profiling: 250 ft/h [76 m/h]
Range of measurement Porosity: 1 to 100 pu
T2 distribution: 0.4 ms to 3.0 s
T1 distribution: 0.5 ms to 9.0 s
Vertical resolution† Main antenna: 18 in [45.72 cm]
High-resolution antenna: 7.5 in [19.05 cm]
Accuracy Total NMR porosity: 1-pu standard deviation, three-level averaging at 75 degF [24 degC]
NMR free-fluid porosity: 0.5-pu standard deviation, three-level averaging at 75 degF [24 degC]
Depth of investigation Main antenna: 1.5, 2.3, 2.7, and 4.0 in [3.81, 5.84, 6.86, and 10.16 cm]
High-resolution antenna: 1.25 in [3.18 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations Mud resistivity: 0.05 ohm.m‡
Combinability Combinable with most tools
Special applications Station logging for MRF characterization
Rugose boreholes and thick mudcake
† From measurement point 8.2 ft [2.5 m] above the bottom of the tool
‡
Main antenna only; stacking may be required. Logs have been acquired in 0.02-ohm.m environments with minor loss of precision.

Mechanical Specifications
MR Scanner Service
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 5.875 in [14.92 cm]
Borehole size—max.† No limit
Outside diameter 5 in [12.70 cm]
Cartridge: 4.75 in [12.07 cm]
Length 32.7 ft [9.97 m]
Weight 1,200 lbm [544 kg]
Tension 50,000 lbf [222,410 N]
Compression 7,900 lbf [35,140 N]
† In good borehole conditions

98 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Combinable Magnetic Resonance Tool
The CMR-Plus* combinable mag-
netic resonance tool makes NMR
measurements of the buildup and
decay of the polarization of hydro-
gen nuclei (protons) in the liquids
contained in the pore space of rock
formations. One primary measure-
ment of the CMR-Plus tool is the
total formation porosity. Borehole
NMR measurement is unaffected by
solid materials, so the measurement
is not sensitive to matrix type and
therefore lithology independent. The
total porosity can be partitioned into
the spectrum of pore sizes present,
which provides information on the
irreducible water saturation. Perme-
ability can be estimated from the
free-fluid to bound-fluid ratio and the
shape of the pore-size distribution.
NMR measurement is also useful for
fluid identification because it is a
hydrogen index measurement, and
various fluids have different hydrogen
index values as well as polarization
characteristics. NMR data can be pro-
cessed to yield formation fluid proper-
ties such as gas and oil saturation and
oil viscosity.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging 99
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
CMR-Plus
Applications
■ Lithology-independent porosity
for storage quantification
■ Pore-size distribution for reservoir
rock quality
■ Bound- and free-fluid volume
indicators of reservoir
producibility
■ Identification of thin, permeable
beds in laminated reservoirs
■ Hydrocarbon identification,
especially in low-contrast, low-
resistivity pay zones
■ Determination of hydrocarbon
pore volume for reserve
calculations
■ Improved irreducible water
saturation estimates for reducing
or eliminating water production
■ Comparison with neutron, density,
and data from the MDT modular
formation dynamics tester for
porosity, lithology, and fluid
determination
■ Critical information for setting
pipe, determining coring and
testing needs, and optimizing
completion and fracture programs
■ Integrated solutions of CMR‑Plus
tool logging and PowerSTIM*
well optimization service,
combining petrophysical expertise
and reservoir knowledge with
completion design, execution,
and evaluation
■ Salt-saturated muds, deviated and
horizontal holes, large (no limit)
and small (to 5 7⁄8-in [14.92-cm])
boreholes
■ Increased efficiency of formation
testing program in combination
with the MDT tester
Measurement Specifications
Output
Logging speed
Range of measurement
Vertical resolution
Accuracy
Depth of investigation
Mud type or weight limitations
Combinability
Special applications
Mechanical Specifications
Temperature rating
Pressure rating
Borehole size—min.
Borehole size—max.
Outside diameter
Length
Weight
Tension
Compression
100 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
CMR-Plus Tool
Transverse relaxation time (T₂) distribution, total porosity, free- and bound-fluid volumes, permeability determined
with Schlumberger-Doll Research (SDR) and Timur-Coates equations, capillary bound porosity, small-pore bound
porosity, quality control curves and flags
MRF magnetic resonance fluid characterization station log: Saturation; oil, gas, and water volumes; oil viscosity;
water and oil T₂ distributions; hydrocarbon-corrected permeability; oil and water log-mean T₂ distributions
Bound-fluid mode: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Short time constant for the polarizing process (T₁) environment: 2,400 ft/h [731 m/h]
Long T₁ environment: 800 ft/h [244 m/h]
Porosity: 0 to 100 pu
Minimum echo spacing: 200 us
T₂ distribution: 0.3 ms to 3.0 s
Nominal raw signal-to-noise ratio: 32 dB
Static: 6-in [15.24-cm] measurement aperture
Dynamic (high-resolution mode): 9-in [22.86-cm], three-level averaging
Dynamic (standard mode): 18-in [45.72-cm] vertical resolution, three-level averaging
Dynamic (fast mode): 30-in [76.20-cm] vertical resolution, three-level averaging
Total CMR porosity standard deviation: ±1.0 pu at 75 degF [24 degC], three-level averaging
CMR free-fluid porosity standard deviation: ±0.5 pu at 75 degF [24 degC], three-level averaging
Blind zone (2.5% point): 0.50 in [1.27 cm]
Median (50% point): 1.12 in [2.84 cm]
Maximum (95% point): 1.50 in [3.81 cm]
None
Combinable with most tools
Station logging for MRF magnetic resonance fluid characterization method
CMR-Plus Tool
350 degF [177 degC]
20,000 psi [138 MPa]
High-pressure version: 25,000 psi [172 MPa]
Without integral bow spring: 5⅞ in [14.92 cm]
With integral bow spring: 7⅞ in [20.00 cm]
No limit, but must be eccentered
Without bow spring: 5.3 in [13.46 cm]
With bow spring: 6.6 in [16.76 cm]
15.6 ft [4.75 m]
Without bow spring: 374 lbm [170 kg]
With bow spring: 413 lbm [187 kg]
50,000 lbf [222,410 N]
50,000 lbf [222,410 N]
Acoustic Logging

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


The Sonic Scanner acoustic scanning
platform provides a true 3D repre-
sentation of the formations surround-
ing the borehole by scanning both
orthogonally and radially. The latest
acoustic technology is used to acquire
borehole-compensated monopole with
long and short spacings, cross-dipole,
and cement bond quality measure-
ments. In addition to making axial
and azimuthal measurements, the
fully characterized tool radially mea-
sures the formation for both near-
wellbore and far-field slowness. The
typical depths of investigation are 2 to
3 times the borehole diameter.
The wide frequency spectrum used
by the Sonic Scanner platform captures
data at a high signal-to-noise ratio,
regardless of the formation slowness,
and eliminates the need for multiple
logging passes. The combination of a
longer azimuthal array than on con-
ventional acoustic tools—13 stations
with 8 azimuthal receivers each—and
multiple transmitter-receiver spacings
enables the measurement of a radial
monopole profile across the near-well-
bore altered zone.
A 3D anisotropy algorithm is used
to transform compressional, fast- and
slow-shear, and Stoneley slowness mea-
surements made by the Sonic Scanner
platform with respect to the borehole
axes to referenced anisotropic moduli.
The formation can then be classified
as isotropic or anisotropic, along with
determining the type and cause of the
anisotropy—intrinsic or stress induced
from the drilling process.
Wireline Services Catalog ■ Acoustic Logging 103
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Sonic Scanner
Acoustic Scanning Platform
The Sonic Scanner platform also
provides a discriminated cement
bond log (DCBL), which is obtained
simultaneously with the behind-casing
acoustic measurements. The 3- and 5-ft
[0.91- and 1.52-m] bond logs and bond
quality measurements are independent
of fluid and temperature effects and
do not require calibration. Additional
Sonic Scanner platform capabilities
are imaging with greatly improved
resolution in comparison with surface
seismic and using Stoneley waves for
a quick estimation of permeability and
to build a continuous mobility profile in
sands and carbonates.
Applications
■ Identify formation heterogeneity
through anisotropy detection
■ Improve 3D seismic analysis
and seismic tie-ins
■ Provide input to fluid substitution
■ Evaluate well placement
and stability through stress
regime identification and
pore pressure determination
■ Characterize the reservoir
for gas zones, mobility, and
open fractures
■ Guide selective perforating
for sand control
■ Optimize hydraulic fracturing
■ Evaluate cement bond quality
Measurement Specifications
Output
Logging speed
Range of measurement
Vertical resolution
Accuracy
Depth of investigation
Mud type or weight limitations
Combinability
Sonic Scanner Platform
Compressional and shear ∆t, full waveforms, cement bond quality waveforms, anisotropy characterization
Max.: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Standard shear slowness: <1,500 us/ft [<4,920 us/m]
<6 ft [<1.82 m] processing resolution for 6-in [15.24-cm] sampling rate
∆t for up to 14-in [35.56-cm] hole size: ±2 us/ft [±6.56 us/m] or ±2%
∆t for >14-in [>35.56-cm] hole size: ±5 us/ft [±16.40 us/m] or ±5%
Typical presentation of up to 7 borehole radii
None
Fully combinable with other tools

Mechanical Specifications
Sonic Scanner Platform
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4.75 in [12.07 cm]
Borehole size—max. 22 in [55.88 cm]
Outside diameter 3.625 in [9.21 cm]
Length 41.28 ft [12.58 m] (including isolation joint)
Basic toolstring (near monopoles only): 22 ft [6.71 m]
Weight 844 lbm [383 kg] (including isolation joint)
Basic toolstring: 413 lbm [187 kg]
Tension 35,000 lbf [155,690 N]
Compression 3,000 lbf [13,340 N]

104 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


The uniquely conveyed ThruBit Dipole*
through-the-bit acoustic service pro-
vides a detailed acoustic representa-
tion of the formations surrounding the
borehole for horizontal or difficult-
to-access wells. The latest acoustic
technology is used to acquire borehole-
compensated monopole, cross-dipole,
and Stoneley wave measurements.
ThruBit Dipole service’s receiver
section has an array of 12 receiver
stations spaced 4 in [10.16 cm] apart.
The receiver array is 70.2 in [1.78 m]
from the monopole transmitter
and 78  in [1.98  m] from the dipole
transmitters. Each receiver station
consists of two pairs of wideband
piezoelectric hydrophones aligned
with the dipole transmitters. Summing
the signals recorded by one pair of
hydrophones provides the monopole
waveform, whereas finding the
difference between them cancels the
monopole signal and provides the dipole
waveform. When a dipole transmitter is
fired, the hydrophone pair diagonally in
line with the transmitter is used. Four
sets of 12  waveforms can be acquired
from the four basic operating modes
fired in sequence.
The transmitter section houses two
sets of transmitters and a mechanical
isolation assembly to prevent direct
flexural wave transmission through the
tool body of ThruBit Dipole service. A
piezoelectric monopole transmitter is
fired at standard frequency or a specific
low-frequency pulse for Stoneley
wave acquisition. The two collocated,
perpendicular, piezoceramic bender
element dipole transmitters fire a
wideband frequency spectrum to
capture dipole data at a high signal-to-
noise ratio.
Acoustic Logging 105
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
ThruBit Dipole
Through-the-Bit Acoustic Service
A 3D anisotropy algorithm is
used to transform compressional,
fast- and slow-shear, and Stoneley
slowness measurements with respect
to the borehole axes to referenced
anisotropic moduli. The formation
can then be classified as isotropic or
anisotropic, along with determining
the type and cause of the anisotropy—
intrinsic or stress induced from the
drilling process.
Applications
■ Geophysics
– Velocity calibration, time-depth
conversion
– Improved 3D seismic analysis
and seismic tie-ins
– Synthetic seismograms
– Identifcation of formation
heterogeneity through
anisotropy detection
■ Petrophysics
– Porosity estimation
– Lithology and clay identification
– Gas identification
■ Stoneley wave measurement
– Fracture evaluation
– Permeability (mobility)
■ Geomechanics
– Well placement and stability
evaluation based on stress
regime identification and pore
pressure determination
– Optimized hydraulic fracturing
– Guidance for selective
perforating for sand control
Measurement Specifications
ThruBit Dipole Service†
Output Compressional and shear Δt, full waveforms,
anisotropy characterization
Logging speed 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
Range of measurement Standard shear slowness: <200 us/ft [<656 us/m]
Vertical resolution <44-in [<1.12-m] processing resolution
for 6-in [15.24‑cm] sampling rate
Accuracy Δt for <8¾-in [22.22-cm] hole size:
±2 us/ft [±6.6 us/m] or ±2%
Depth of investigation Δt: 3 in [7.62 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Fully combinable with ThruBit services logging strings
Special applications
† Limited availability, contact your Schlumberger representative.

Mechanical Specifications
ThruBit Dipole Service
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC]
Pressure rating 15,000 psi [103 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 5.75 in [14.60 cm]
Borehole size—max. 8.75 in [22.22 cm]
Casing OD range 4½ to 5½ in [11.43 to 13.97 cm]
Outside diameter 2.125 in [5.4 cm]
Length 29.11 ft [8.87 m]
Weight 132 lbm [60 kg]
Tension 25,000 lbf [111,210 N]
Compression Depends on the configuration and application

106 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


The DSI dipole shear sonic imager
combines monopole and dipole sonic
acquisition capabilities. The trans-
mitter section contains a piezoelec-
tric monopole transmitter and two
electrodynamic dipole transmitters
perpendicular to each other. An
electric pulse at sonic frequencies is
applied to the monopole transmitter
to excite compressional- and shear-
wave propagation in the formation.
For Stoneley wave acquisition a spe-
cific low-frequency pulse is used. The
dipole transmitters are also driven at
low frequency to excite the flexural
wave around the borehole and obtain
borehole shear measurements in both
soft- and hard-rock formations.
The tool is made up of three sec-
tions—acquisition cartridge, receiver
section, and transmitter section. An
isolation joint is placed between the
transmitter and receiver sections to
prevent direct flexural wave transmis-
sion through the tool body.
The receiver section has an array
of eight receiver stations spaced 6 in
[15.24 cm] apart and 9 ft [2.74  m]
from the monopole transmitter, 11  ft
[3.35  m] from the upper dipole trans-
mitter, and 11.5  ft [3.50  m] from
the lower dipole transmitter. Each
receiver station consists of two pairs
Acoustic Logging 107
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
DSI
Dipole Shear Sonic Imager
of wideband-piezoelectric hydrophones
aligned with the dipole transmitters.
Sum­ming the signals recorded by one
pair of hydrophones provides the mono-
pole waveform, whereas differentiat-
ing them cancels the monopole signal
and provides the dipole waveform.
When a dipole transmitter is fired, the
hydrophone pair diagonally in line with
the  transmitter is used. Four sets of
eight waveforms can be acquired from
the four basic operating modes fired
in sequence.
A special dipole mode enables
recording both the inline and cross­ Isolation joint
line (perpendicular) waveforms for
each dipole mode. This mode, called
both cross receivers (BCR), is used for
anisotropy evaluation.
The optional S-DSI modification
to the DSI imager uses a special slow
sleeve to extend the slowness measure-
ment to 1,200 us/ft [3,937 us/m] from
the standard 700 us/ft [2,296 us/m].
As part of the suite of ABC analysis
behind casing services, the DSI
imager can also provide accurate
compressional and shear slowness
measurements through casing by
using recently developed acquisition
strategies and BestDT automated
sonic waveform processing.
Transmitter
Receiver section
and cartridge
Applications
■ Geophysics
– Velocity calibration, time/depth
conversion
– Synthetic seismograms
– Amplitude variation with offset
(AVO) calibration
– Shear seismic interpretation
■ Anisotropy
■ Petrophysics
– Porosity estimation (also in
cased hole)
– Lithology and clay identification
– Gas identification
■ Stoneley wave measurement
Measurement Specifications
DSI Imager
Output Compressional and shear ∆t, waveforms,
Variable Density log waveforms
Logging speed† Max.: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Range of measurement Standard shear slowness: 700 us/ft [2,297 us/m]
S-DSI max. slowness: 1,200 us/ft [3,937 us/m]
Max. slowness in casing:
250 to 350 us/ft [820 to 1,148 us/m]
Vertical resolution 3.5-ft [1.07-m] processing resolution
for 6-in [15.24-cm] sampling rate
Accuracy ∆t: ±2 us/ft [±6.56 us/m]
Depth of investigation 9 in [22.86 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Fully combinable with other tools
Special applications
† Actual acquisition speed depends on the number of acquisition modes used and the data sampling rate.

– Fracture evaluation
– Permeability (mobility) Mechanical Specifications
■ Geomechanics
DSI Imager
– Pore pressure Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
– Wellbore stability Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
– Fracture design Borehole size—min. 4¾ in [12.07 cm]
– Sand strength Borehole size—max. 21 in [53.34 cm]
Casing OD range 5½ to 20 in [13.97 to 50.80 cm]
■ Sonic imaging
Outside diameter 3⅝ in [9.21 cm]
■ Sonic imaging with borehole acous­
Length 51 ft [15.54 m] (including isolation joint)
tic reflection survey (BARS)
Weight 900 lbm [408 kg]
– Very long spacing tool Tension 5,000 lbf [22,240 N]
(using spacers)
3,500 lbf [15,570 N]
– Reflection analysis Compression 1,550 lbf [6,890 N]
– Highly dipping beds S-DSI: 1,000 lbf [4,450 N]
– Horizontal wells
(apparent dip > 45°)
– Well placement with respect
to cap rock

108 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Acoustic, or sonic, tools provide a
measurement of the formation inte-
gral travel time (∆t) in a variety of
environments. Acoustic logs recognize
secondary, or vugular, porosity in hard-
rock sediments. Acoustic tools can be
run in conjunction with density and
compensated neutron tools in bad
borehole conditions to measure poros-
ity, and this third porosity is also used
to identify complex lithology. Certain
sonic tools can measure shear ∆t in
very slow formations.
Digital Sonic Logging Tool
The Digital Sonic Logging Tool (DSLT)
is made up with a Sonic Logging Sonde
(SLS) and the Digital Sonic Logging
Cartridge (DSLC), which uses the digi-
tal telemetry system, to provide either
compressional ∆t measurements or
cement bond log (CBL) and Variable
Density log (VDL) measurements
and digital waveform recording and
display. The conventional sonic mea-
surements are borehole-compensated
(BHC) (3‑  to  5‑ft [0.91- to 1.52-m])
transit time and long-spacing depth-
derived BHC (DDBHC) (8- to 12-ft
[2.43- to 3.65‑m]) transit time. These
measurements are made by combin-
ing an HSLS-W or HSLS-Z sonde,
respectively, with the DSLC. For high-
pressure and high-temperature app­li­­
ca­tions, the same mea­­sure­ments are
available from the Hostile Environ­
ment Sonic Logging Tool (HSLT).
Acoustic Logging 109
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Monopole Acoustic Tools
SlimXtreme Sonic
Logging Tool
The SlimXtreme slimhole, HPHT well
logging platform addresses the growth
and challenges of HPHT drilling
activity. The monopole SlimXtreme
Sonic Logging Tool (QSLT) delivers a
robust formation slowness using first-
motion detection, borehole compen-
sation, and slowness-time-coherence
(STC) semblance techniques. A 6-in
[15.24‑cm] high-resolution measure-
ment identifies thin-bed slowness. A
tool extension provides a long-spacing
sonic measurement in unconsolidated
formations. Measure­ ment of CBL
amplitudes and VDL waveforms is
supported in cased wells.
Applications
■ Formation porosity from
compressional slowness
■ Shear slowness from STC for
hard rocks
■ Formation mechanical properties
from shear slowness
■ Correlation to surface seismic data
with synthetic seismograms
■ Well placement with respect
to cap rock
■ Sonic waveforms for fracture
identification
■ CBL and VDL for cased hole
cement evaluation
DSLT QSLT-A
Measurement Specifications
DSLT and HSLT with BHC or DDBHC Sonde QSLT
Output All sondes: Compressional ∆t Compressional and shear ∆t, porosity, waveforms
SLS-C, SLS-D, and SLS-E: and Variable Density log waveforms
3-ft [0.91-m] CBL, Variable Density log waveforms
Logging speed 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h] 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Range of measurement 40 to 200 us/ft [131 to 656 us/m] 40 to 400 us/ft [131 to 1,312 us/m]
Vertical resolution
Compressional ∆t 2 ft [0.61 m] Standard: 2 ft [0.61 m]
Short spacing: 6 in [15.24 cm]
Shear ∆t SLS-F 8 to 10 ft [2.43 to 3.05 m] or 10 to 12 ft 2 ft [0.61 m]
[3.05 to 3.66 m]: 2 ft [0.61 m]
Cement bond log Amplitude: 3 ft [0.91 m] Amplitude: 3 ft [0.91 m]
Variable Density log: 5 ft [1.52 m] Variable Density log: 5 ft [1.52 m]
Accuracy ∆t: ±2 us/ft [±6.6 us/m] ∆t: ±2 us/ft [±6.6 us/m]
Depth of investigation 3 in [7.62 cm] 3 in [7.62 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations None None
Combinability Combinable with most services Combinable with most services
Special applications Run on wireline, drillpipe conveyed, or
coiled tubing conveyed

Mechanical Specifications
DSLT HSLT QSLT
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC] 500 degF [260 degC] 500 degF [260 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 25,000 psi [172 MPa] 30,000 psi [207 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4⅝ in [11.75 cm] 4¾ in [12.07 cm] 4 in [10.16 cm]
Borehole size—max. 18 in [45.72 cm] 18 in [45.72 cm] 8 in [20.32 cm]
Outside diameter 3⅝ in [9.21 cm] 3⅞ in [9.84 cm] 3 in [7.62 cm]
Length SLS-D: 18.73 ft [5.71 m] With HSLS-W sonde: 23 ft [7.01 m]
SLS-F: 23.81 ft [7.26 m] 25.5 ft [7.77 m] With inline centralizer:
29.9 ft [9.11 m]
Weight SLS-D: 273 lbm [124 kg] With HSLS-W sonde: 270 lbm [122 kg]
SLS-F: 353 lbm [160 kg] 440 lbm [199 kg]
Tension 29,700 lbf [132,110 N] 29,700 lbf [132,110 N] 13,000 lbf [57,830 N]
Compression 1,650 lbf [7,340 N] With HSLS-W sonde: 4,400 lbf [19,570 N]
2,870 lbf [12,770 N]
With HSLS-Z sonde:
1,650 lbf [7,340 N]

110 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Dipmeter and
Imaging Services

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Photorealistic Reservoir Geology Service
Quanta Geo photorealistic reservoir
geology service redefines imaging
in oil-base mud (OBM) with new
measurement physics enabled by a
simplified electrode geometry and
innovative mechanical design to
deliver superb resolution and nearly
total circumferential coverage in
8-in boreholes. The resulting micro-
resistivity images are a true visual
representation of the formation geol-
ogy, unaffected by the characteristic
nonrepresentative artifacts, incom-
plete coverage, and low resolution
of images from conventional OBM-
adapted imagers.
The innovative sonde significantly
improves image resolution and clarity
by measuring the applied AC current
at each of 192 microelectrodes distrib-
uted among 8 pads for greatly height-
ened sensitivity to both vertical and
lateral features. Because Quanta Geo
service independently applies each
pad to the borehole wall instead of
using the pad arms as centralizers,
inconsistent pad application is mini-
mized in inclined wells and poor hole
conditions and Quanta Geo service
can acquire primary data during the
tool’s descent. Downlogging reduces
the frequency and severity of stick-
and-slip events and their effects on
image quality while efficiently provid-
ing comprehensive information early
in the logging program to save rig time
and additional runs.
Wireline Services Catalog ■ Dipmeter and Imaging Services 113
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Quanta Geo
Image interpretation is fully powered
by the Techlog* wellbore software
platform. The wide range of applications
enables geologists to readily perform
tasks such as distinguishing channels
and measuring their orientation. New
2D and 3D visualization methods fill
in gaps to provide 360° coverage in
larger boreholes and generate virtual
core slab images. Workflow results from
processing with the Techlog platform
are ready to use in the Petrel E&P
software platform to refine models and
support informed decision making.
Applications
■ High-resolution imaging in bore-
holes with nonconductive fluids
and OBM
– deviated and horizontal wells
– irregular and rugose boreholes
■ Sedimentology and sequence
stratigraphy
■ Structural and geomechanical
analysis and modeling
■ Thin-bed detection and evaluation
■ Complement to coring and
formation tester programs
Measurement Specifications
Quanta Geo Service
Output Formation images and dip
Logging speed 0.2-in sampling: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
0.1-in sampling: 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
Range of measurement Sampling rate: 0.1 in [0.25 cm]
Borehole coverage: 98% in 8-in [20.32-cm] borehole
Formation resistivity: 0.2–20,000 ohm.m
Resolution Vertical resolution: 0.24 in [6 mm]
Horizontal resolution: 0.13 in [3 mm]
Accuracy Caliper: ±0.1 in [±0.26 cm]
Deviation: ±0.2°
Azimuth: ±2°
Depth of investigation 0.2 in [5 mm]
Mud type or weight limitations Nonconductive mud systems such as oil-base mud
Combinability Fully combinable, top and bottom
Special applications Downlogging and uplogging
Horizontal wells

Mechanical Specifications
Quanta Geo Service
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating Standard: 25,000 psi [173 MPa]
High pressure: 30,000 psi [207 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 7.5 in [19.05 cm]
Borehole size—max. 17 in [43.18 cm]
Outside diameter Tool: 4.5 in [11.43 cm]
Arms section: 6.5 in [16.51 cm]
Length 31.2 ft [9.5 m]
Weight 696 lbm [316 kg]
Tension 27,000 lbf [122,300 N]
Compression 11,000 lbf [48,900 N]

114 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 Quanta Geo Engines
Quanta Geo Quanta Geo Discovery Quanta Geo Quanta Geo Quanta Geo
Z90 Filter Wizard 360 Virtual Core Virtual Slab Inversion
Im(Z)
Re(Z)
m

Zm
Zb

Zf

Z90
Next >

Techlog
wellbore Quanta Geo Interpretation
software
program Wellbore Fracture Structural Sedimentology Rock Sand Porosity Sidewall
Geomechanics Analysis Analysis & Stratigraphy Type Count Analysis Coring Advisor

Stress Faults Depositional Optimal

orientation Orientation architecture Rock Net Porosity sampling
Surfaces type heterogeneity
Failure Density 3rd & 4th order to gross Core-log
conditions Structural dip sequences depth tie

Hard data

Reservoir Fracture eXpandBG* Facies Petrophysical

Geomechanics Modeling Near-Well Model Modeling Modeling

Reservoir
model
ready Mangrove* Structural
UFN modeling Modeling

Visualization and interpretation of Quanta Geo service’s images are performed using apps in the Techlog wellbore software
platform to produce hard data that improves the accuracy of reservoir models in the Petrel E&P software platform.

Dipmeter and Imaging Services 115

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

FMI-HD
High-Definition Formation Microimager
The FMI-HD* high-definition forma-
tion microimager takes high-definition
imaging to a new level of clarity. The
visibility and interpretability of small
features is significantly increased for
all environmental conditions—even
across extreme variations in forma-
tion resistivity or resistivity anisot-
ropy between the formation and mud
(Rt /Rm). This means that environ-
ments that cannot be clearly imaged
with conventional microresistivity
imaging technology can now be seen
in great detail, including wells drilled
with salt-saturated muds or high-
resistivity reservoirs.
The FMI-HD high-definition
formation microimager builds on the
well-proven microresistivity imaging
design of the industry-standard FMI
fullbore formation microimager.
Completely new electronics provide
a step-improvement in operating
range, reliability, and image quality.
Enhanced parallel signal processing
and high-resolution analog-to-digital
conversion improve the tool’s signal-to-
noise ratio to increase the sensitivity to
fine contrasts in formation resistivity.
The result is an increase in image
definition by a factor of four.
The microresistivity image of
the borehole wall is created from
the current measured by the tool’s
array of 192 buttons on four pads.
Microresistivity changes related to
lithologic and petrophysical varia-
tions in the rock, which are con-
veyed mainly by the high-resolution
current component, are interpreted
on the image in terms of rock texture,
stratigraphic and structural features
including dip, and fractures.
Automatic signal processing
optimization of the FMI-HD micro-
imager eliminates manual setting of
the tool parameters. Wellsite opera-
tions are streamlined as the entire
dynamic range of formation resistivity
116 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
is imaged in one run. Even in environ-
ments with Rt /Rm ratios as high as
200,000:1, the  FMI-HD microimager
obtains clear, representative images of
the formation geology.
Applications
■ Structural analysis and modeling
– 3D near-wellbore and interwell
structural modeling
– Structural cross sections
– Detection and determination of
faults, folds, and unconformities
– True, accurate structural dip
in almost any formation
■ Naturally fractured reservoir
characterization and modeling
– Discrete fracture network
(DFN) modeling
– Direct visual quantification of
fracture orientation and density
– Quantification of fracture
aperture and fracture porosity
■ Secondary porosity evaluation in
carbonate and igneous reservoirs
– Quantification of matrix and
vuggy fractions of porosity
– Partitioning of isolated,
connected, and fracture-
connected vuggy porosity
– Direct visual identification
of macroporosity and
nonporous nodules
– Estimation of permeability
and variable cementation
exponent m
■ Thin-bed detection and evaluation
– Layer delineation for high-
resolution deterministic
petrophysical evaluation
– Fast quantification of interval
net-to-gross ratio and net pay
– Direct visualization of beds
down to millimeter scale
■ Reservoir characterization workflow – Qualitative vertical profiles of – Information about the reservoir
– Direct visual or automatic grain size and stacking pattern before core analysis is available
textural classification of facies – Paleocurrent directions – Depth matching for sidewall
and rock types ■ Geomechanics core samples and wireline
– Realistic population of formation testers
– Determination of principal
reservoir bodies with stress directions
petrophysical parameters
– Calibration of mechanical earth
– Recognition of anisotropy, model (MEM)
permeability barriers, and
– Mud weight selection
permeability paths
■ Complement to coring and formation
■ Sedimentology and sequence
tester programs
stratigraphy
– Depth matching and orientation
– Deterministic or stochastic
for whole cores
modeling of reservoir bodies
– Reservoir description for
– Definition and characterization
intervals not cored
of sedimentary bodies and their
boundaries

Measurement Specifications
FMI-HD Microimager
Output Formation images and dip
Logging speed Image mode: 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
Dipmeter mode: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Range of measurement Sampling rate: 0.1 in [0.25 cm]
Borehole coverage: 80% in 8-in [20.32-cm] borehole
Vertical resolution Horizontal resolution: 0.2 in [0.51 cm]
Vertical resolution: 0.2 in [0.51 cm]
Accuracy Caliper: ±0.2 in [±0.51 cm]
Deviation: ±0.2°
Azimuth: ±2°
Depth of investigation High-frequency component (image details): 0.39 in [1 cm]
Low-frequency component (for calibration to resistivity logs): 30 in [76.2 cm]
Mud type of weight limitations Water-base mud (max. mud resistivity = 50 ohm.m)
Oil-base mud under specific conditions†
Combinability Bottom-only tool, combinable with most tools
Special applications Horizontal wells
† For oil-base mud, contact your Schlumberger representative.

Mechanical Specifications
FMI-HD Microimager
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 6½ in [15.87 cm]
5⅞ in [14.92 cm] in good hole conditions using a kit
Borehole size—max. 21 in [53.34 cm]
Outside diameter 5 in [12.70 cm]
Length 25.43 ft [7.75 m]
Weight 443 lbm [201 kg]
Tension 12,000 lbf [53,380 N]
Compression 8,000 lbf [35,580 N]

Dipmeter and Imaging Services 117

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

FMI
Fullbore Formation Microimager
The FMI fullbore formation micro­
imager provides an electrical
borehole image generated from up to
192 microresistivity measurements.
Special focusing circuitry ensures
that the measuring currents are
forced into the formation, where
they modulate in amplitude with the
formation conductivities to produce
low-frequency signals rich in petro­
physical and lithological information
and a high-resolution component that
provides the microscale information
used for imaging and dip interpretation.
Image calibration is achieved through
calibration with low-frequency, deeper
resistivity measurements available
from the tool signal or input from other
resistivity measurements, such as from
the AIT array induction imager tool
or ARI azimuthal resistivity imager.
Image normalization further increases
the completeness and reliability of
this versatile tool for geological and
reservoir characterization.
118 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
The combination of measuring
button diameter, pad design, and high-
speed telemetry system produces a
vertical and azimuthal resolution of
0.2  in [0.51 cm] for the FMI imager.
This means that the dimensions of
a feature larger than 0.2 in can be
estimated from the image. The size
of features smaller than 0.2 in is
estimated by quantifying the current
flow to the electrode. Fine details such
as 0.002‑in [0.051-mm] wide fractures
filled with conductive fluids are visible
in images from the FMI imager.
The answers provided by the FMI
imager help in understanding the
reservoir structure, identify and
evaluate sedimentary features and
fractures, visualize rock texture, and
complement coring programs. FMI
imager data are increasingly used
for geomechanical analysis of the
reservoir. Drilling-induced features
such as breakouts are readily
identified. In combination with stress
field analysis, FMI imager information
is used to control wellbore stability
problems by guiding design of the
mud program.
Applications ■ Rock texture ■ Geomechanics
■ Structural geology – Qualitative vertical grain-size – Identification and analysis
– Structural dips, even in fractured profile of drilling-induced features
and conglomeratic formations – Determination of carbonate – Calibration data for mechanical
– Detection and determination texture earth model (MEM)
of faults – Detection and evaluation – Mud weight selection
■ Sedimentary features
of secondary porosity ■ Reservoir characterization workflow

– Determination of sedimentary – Detection and evaluation – Deterministic modeling

dips of fracture systems of reservoir bodies
■ Complement to coring and formation
– Paleocurrent directions – Guidance for the distribution
tester programs of stochastically modeled
– Definition and characterization
of sedimentary bodies and their – Depth matching and orientation reservoir bodies
boundaries for whole cores – Realistic population of reservoir
– Recognition of anisotropy, – Reservoir description for intervals bodies with petrophysical
permeability barriers, and not cored parameters
permeability paths – Information about the reservoir
– Recognition and evaluation before core analysis is available
of thinly bedded reservoirs – Depth matching for sidewall core
samples and MDT tester settings

Measurement Specifications
FMI Microimager
Output Formation dip, borehole images
Logging speed Image mode: 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
Dipmeter mode: 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Range of measurement Sampling rate: 0.1 in [0.25 cm]
Borehole coverage: 80% in 8-in [20.32-cm] borehole
Vertical resolution Spatial resolution: 0.2 in [0.51 cm]
Vertical resolution: 0.2 in [0.51 cm]
Accuracy Caliper: ±0.2 in [±0.51 cm]
Deviation: ±0.2°
Azimuth: ±2°
Depth of investigation 1 in [2.54 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations Water-base mud (max. mud resistivity = 50 ohm.m)
Combinability Bottom-only tool, combinable with most tools
Special applications Horizontal wells

Mechanical Specifications
FMI Microimager
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min.† 6¼ in [15.87 cm]
Borehole size—max. 21 in [53.34 cm]
Outside diameter 5 in [12.70 cm]
Length 24.42 ft [7.44 m]
Weight 433.7 lbm [197 kg]
Tension 12,000 lbf [53,380 N]
Compression 8,000 lbf [35,580 N]
† 5⅞ in [14.92 cm] in good hole conditions using a kit

Dipmeter and Imaging Services 119

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

UBI
Ultrasonic Borehole Imager
The UBI* ultrasonic borehole imager
produces high-resolution acoustic
images of the wellbore in water-base
or oil-base mud. The images are used
to identify dipping beds, fractures,
and other features intersecting the
borehole. Critical information on
borehole stability and breakouts can
be derived from the accurate borehole
cross section measured by the tool.
The UBI imager has a transducer
that is mounted on an Ultrasonic
Rotating Sub (USRS). The transducer
emits ultrasonic pulses and measures
the transit time and amplitude of
the resulting echo. The transducer
assembly is available in a variety of
sizes to match the complete range of
normal openhole sizes. The transducer
subassembly is also selected to
optimize the distance traveled by the
ultrasonic pulse in the borehole fluid,
which reduces attenuation in heavy
fluids and maintains a good signal-to-
noise ratio.
The UBI tool is relatively insen-
sitive to eccentralization—up to
0.25 in [0.63 cm]—and provides clean
images that are easy to interpret, even
Interchangeable
rotating subs
120 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
in highly deviated wells. Processing
software available both in MaxWell
integrated field acquisition software
and at Data Services Hubs further
enhances the images by correcting
amplitude and transit-time informa-
tion for the effects of logging speed
variations and tool eccentering and by
applying noise filtering. The images
are oriented with inclinometer data
from the combinable GPIT general
purpose inclin­ometry tool and then
enhanced by dynamic normalization
for easy visual interpretation.
Applications
■ Fracture identification including
drilling-induced fractures
■ Differentiation of closed and open
fractures (in combination with the
OBMI* oil-base microimager)
■ Borehole profiling and calculation
of cement volume
■ Stress analysis and borehole
stability studies
■ Mud weight selection
■ Structural and bedding analysis
Measurement Specifications
Output
Logging speed
Range of measurement
Vertical resolution
Accuracy
Depth of investigation
Mud type or weight limitations
Combinability
Special applications
UBI Imager
Borehole images, amplitude, and transit time in analog
and digital imagery
425 to 2,125 ft/h [130 to 648 m/h]
(depends on desired resolution)
4⅞ to 12⅞ in [12.38 to 32.70 cm]
0.2 in [0.51 cm] at 500 kHz
0.4 in [1.02 cm] at 250 kHz
0.6 in [1.52 cm] at 250 kHz
1.0 in [2.54 cm] at 250 kHz
Azimuthal sampling: 2.0° or 2.6°
Borehole radius: ±0.12 in [±3 mm] (absolute)
Resolution: 0.003 in [0.075 mm] at 500 kHz
Borehole wall
High mud weights (>15 ppg) can cause significant
signal attenuation
Bottom-only tool, combinable with most tools
H₂S service

Mechanical Specifications
UBI Imager
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4⅞ in [12.38 cm]
Borehole size—max. 12⅞ in [32.70 cm]
Outside diameter Without sub: 3.375 in [8.57 cm]
Length 21 ft [6.40 m]
Weight 377.6 lbm [171 kg] (with 7-in [17.78-cm] USRS-B sub)
Tension 40,000 lbf [177,930 N]
Compression 11,000 lbf [48,930 N]

Dipmeter and Imaging Services 121

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

OBMI
Oil-Base Microimager
The OBMI oil-base microimager
extends microresistivity imaging to
the environment of nonconductive,
invert-emulsion mud systems. The
increasing use of oil- and synthetic-
base mud systems to limit drilling
risks and improve efficiency poses
many challenges for formation
imaging. Even a thin film of
nonconductive mud is essentially
an opaque curtain, preventing
conventional microresistivity imagers
from measuring the formation. The
presence of non­conduc­tive mudcake
or mud filtrate further complicates
the situation. The OBMI imager meets
these challenges by integrating unique
technology with simple resistivity
logging principles to produce an image
that enables virtual visualization of
the reservoir.
The short-normal resistivity prin-
ciple employed is inherently quantita-
tive and does not require calibration
with another log. Petrophysicists
frequently use the Rxo measurement
from the OBMI imager to discrimi-
nate sand and shale beds as thin as
1.2 in [3.05 cm]. Geologists use OBMI
imager logging to recognize bedding
and other sedimentary features as
small as 0.4 in [1.02 cm], the tool mea-
surement aperture. Open and closed
fractures smaller than 0.4 in have also
been successfully imaged.
The OBMI2* integrated dual oil-base
microimagers use two OBMI sondes at
a 45° offset to double the hole coverage.
High-pressure, high-temperature
and slimhole versions of the OBMI
imager are available on a limited basis.
122 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Applications
■ Structural analysis
– Structural dip determination
– Fracture and fault detection
■ Stratigraphic analysis
– Characterization of
sedimentary deposits
– Stratigraphic dip determination
– Thin-bed detection
■ Core analysis
– Depth matching
– Orientation
– Missed interval coverage
■ Compartmentalization and
permeability analyses
■ High-resolution net pay count
■ Sample and formation test
positioning
■ Detection of drilling-induced
features
■ Detection and measurement
of features too small for
conventional logs
■ Detection of anisotropic features
■ Differentiation of structural
and stratigraphic features
■ Flexibility in choosing mud
systems
■ Quantitative measurement
of invaded zone resistivity
Measurement Specifications
Output
Logging speed
Range of measurement
Vertical resolution
Accuracy
Depth of investigation
Mud type or weight limitations
Combinability
Special applications
Mechanical Specifications
Temperature rating
Pressure rating
Borehole size—min.
Borehole size—max.
Outside diameter
Length
Weight
Tension
Compression
† Limited availability
Dipmeter and Imaging Services 123
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
OBMI Imager
High-resolution, oriented formation images, dual-axis caliper
3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
32% coverage in 8-in [20.32-cm] borehole
0.4-in [1.02-cm] nominal image resolution
1.2-in [3.05-cm] petrophysical resolution
±20%
3.5 in [8.89 cm]
Operates in any oil-, diesel-, or synthetic-base mud
Top and bottom combinable
Slim OBMI and OBMI2 imagers: bottom-only
Wireline or TLC tough logging conditions system
OBMI Imager
320 degF [160 degC]
350 degF [177 degC]†
20,000 psi [138 MPa]
25,000 psi [173 MPa]†
Standard: 7 in [17.78 cm]
Slim OBMT-E: 6 in [15.24 cm]
16 in [40.64 cm]
Caliper: 17½ in [44.45 cm]
Standard: 5.75 in [14.60 cm]
Slim OBMT-E: 5.25 in [13.33 cm]
17 ft [5.18 m]
310 lbm [137 kg]
50,000 lbf [222,410 N]
Standard: 10,000 lbf [44,482 N]
Slim OBMT-E: 8,000 lbf [35,590 N]
Drilling and
Directional
Services

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 GPIT
General Purpose Inclinometry Tool
The GPIT general purpose inclinom- Applications
etry tool provides inclinometer mea- ■ Borehole azimuth
surements. Tool orientation is defined
■ Borehole deviation
by three parameters: tool deviation,
tool azimuth, and relative bearing. ■ Borehole relative bearing
The GPIT tool uses both a three-axis ■ Tool azimuth information
inclinometer and a three-axis magne- ■ Deviation and direction of uncased
tometer to make mea­surements for wellbores for plotting
determining these parameters.
■ Direction and orientation measure­
The basic principle of downhole
inclinometer measurements is to ments for various dipmeters
accurately define the tool system axis ■ Orientation of USI* ultrasonic

with respect to the Earth’s gravity imager tool images with respect
(G) and magnetic field (F). Because to the wellbore
both vectors are well defined within
the Earth system, a relation can be
established between the tool and
Earth systems. The magnetometer
determines Fx, Fy, and Fz, and the
inclinometer determines Ax, A y, and
A z for the acceleration due to G.
MaxWell integrated field acquisition
software computes deviation, azimuth,
and relative bearing from these values.
When the GPIT tool is used in an
open wellbore, the tools above and
below it must have nonmagnetic
housings. In cased hole the tool can
be used only for deviation and relative-
bearing measurements.

Wireline Services Catalog ■ Drilling and Directional Services 127

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
GPIT Tool
Output Borehole azimuth, deviation and relative bearing,
tool azimuth
Logging speed 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Range of measurement 0 to 360°
Vertical resolution 6 in [15.24 cm]
Accuracy Azimuth: ±2° (for deviation between 5° and 175°)
Deviation: ±0.2°
Depth of investigation Not applicable
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Combinable with most services, anywhere in the
logging string (tools immediately above and below
must have nonmagnetic housings)
Special applications H₂S service

Mechanical Specifications
GPIT Tool
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4⅝ in [11.75 cm]
Borehole size—max. No limit
Outside diameter 3.625 in [9.21 cm]
Length 4 ft [1.22 m]
Weight 55 lbm [25 kg]
Tension 50,000 lbf [222,410 N]
Compression 16,700 lbf [74,280 N]

128 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Seismic Imaging
Tools and Services

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Integrated Borehole Seismic System
The Q-Borehole* integrated borehole
seismic system optimizes all aspects
of borehole seismic services, during
wireline operations and while drilling.
VSI versatile seismic imager
The VSI* versatile seismic imager uses
Q-Technology* point-receiver seismic
hardware and software and advanced
wireline telemetry for efficient data
delivery from the borehole to the sur-
face. Each sensor package delivers
high-fidelity wavefields through the use
of three-axis geophone accelerometers,
which are acoustically isolated from
the main body of the tool. The number
of sensors, intersensor spacing, con-
nection type (either stiff or flexible),
and tool diameter are field configu-
rable to ensure the maximum versatility
of the array. The design focus of the
VSI imager on data fidelity and quick
adaptation to changing survey needs
avoids the compromise in data quality
that typically results from efficiency
limitations. The result is sharper, more
accurate images and reduced operating
logistics, which are fundamental ele-
ments for achieving complex surveys in
a cost-effective manner and with timely
delivery of answer products.
Wireline Services Catalog ■ Seismic Imaging Tools and Services 131
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Q-Borehole
The operating efficiency of the VSI
imager is enhanced by
■ rapid mechanical deployment
■ very little time between stations
■ short shot-cycle time during
remote source surveys (walkaway,
offset VSP)
■ real-time quality control and data
processing.
Applications
■ Integrated processing for
interpretation of borehole
and surface seismic data
■ Images for reservoir definition
■ Images ahead of the bit
■ 3D VSPs
■ Pore pressure predictions
■ Planning for well placement
■ Simultaneous surface and bore-
hole seismic recording for high-
definition images
■ Shear wave processing and analysis
■ Microseismic monitoring during
hydraulic fracturing
Measurement Specifications
VSI Imager
Output Seismic waveform produced by acoustic
reflections from bed boundaries
Logging speed Stationary
Seismic waveform recording: 0.5-, 1-, 2-, or 4-ms
output sampling rate
Array capability Up to 40 shuttles
Sensor package
Length 11.4 in [28.96 cm]
Weight 6.4 lbm [2.9 kg]
Sensor Geophone accelerometer (GAC-D)
Sensitivity >0.5 V/g ± 5%
Sensor natural frequency 25 Hz
Flat bandwidth in acceleration: 2 to 200 Hz
Dynamic range >105 dB at 36-dB gain
Distortion <–90 dB
Digitization 24-bit analog-to-digital converter
Combinability Bottom-only combinable
Special applications Conveyance on wireline, TLC system, or tractor
Through drillpipe

Mechanical Specifications
VSI Imager
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating Standard: 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
High pressure: 25,000 psi [172 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 3 in [7.62 cm]
Borehole size—max. 22 in [55.88 cm]
Outside diameter Standard: 3⅜ in [8.57 cm]
Slim: 2½ in [6.35 cm]
Length Up to 1,040 ft [317 m] for 20 shuttles
Weight Up to 2,200 lbm [998 kg]
Tension 18,000 lbf [80,070 N]
Compression Standard: 5,000 lbf [22,240 N]
With stiffener: 10,000 lbf [44,480 N]
Coupling
Anchoring force 246 lbf [1,170 N] in 3-in [7.62-cm] hole
214 lbf [915 N] in 6-in [15.24-cm] hole
255 lbf [1,130 N] in 12¼-in [31.75-cm] hole
160 lbf [951 N] in 17-in [43.18-cm] hole
Sensor package coupling force 64 lbf [285 N]
Coupling force/sensor weight ratio 10:1

132 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

SWINGS seismic
navigation and
positioning system
The SWINGS* seismic navigation and
positioning system is used to accurately
deploy seismic source equipment and
control source vessel position. It is com-
patible with the integrated Q-Borehole
seismic system. SWINGS system capa-
bilities include borehole seismic con-
figurations encom­passing complex 3D
VSP geometries and seismic measure-
ment while drilling to optimize borehole
seismic operations while providing a
consistently high level of service quality.
The SWINGS system continually
relays source position, fix quality, and
other data to the rigside logging unit,
where they are displayed graphically. Specifications of this portable and Application
The submeter accuracy of the global robust system include
positioning system (GPS) provides Accurate source deployment
■
■ twin internal 12-channel GPS and positioning for all borehole
source determination within 10 to 16 ft
[3 to 5 m]. The source position is passed receivers seismic surveys
to MaxWell integrated field acquisition ■ pressure transducer interface

software at every shot for immediate for gun pressure monitoring

recording with the seismic trace headers ■ ultrahigh-frequency (UHF)
to eliminate any delay in merging telemetry link
navigation and seismic data. ■ dedicated display at the helm.

Seismic Imaging Tools and Services 133

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Measurement Specifications
Gun time break (TB) sensor
NFH
Depth sensor
Pressure sensor
Auxiliary measurements
Mechanical Specifications
Temperature rating
Max. recommended operating
depth below sea level
134 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
TRISOR acoustic
source control element
The TRISOR* acoustic source control
element for the integrated borehole
seismic system was developed from the
industry-leading WesternGeco TRISOR
marine seismic source controller to
provide the same stable, noise-free dig-
ital signatures with advanced source
control and quality control (QC).
TRISOR control delivers the clean, con-
sistent signals necessary for advanced
borehole seismic applications, and the
consistent signals also enable fast auto-
tuning for more efficient operations
and more powerful source strength.
In-sea electronics control each gun
and are connected by a ruggedized eth-
ernet cable for digital communication
with the surface acquisition system
of the VSI imager. This configuration
avoids the corruption that may occur to
TRISOR Acoustic Source Control Element
12-bit resolution at 0.1-ms sampling
Gain: –24 to 24 dB
16-bit resolution at 0.25-ms sampling
Gain: –24 to 24 dB
12-bit with one sample per shot
Accuracy: ±1.5%
12-bit with one sample per shot
Accuracy: ±2%
Electronics current, temperature, pressure, humidity
TRISOR Acoustic Source Control Element
Operating: 5 to 131 degF [–15 to 55 degC]
Storage: –40 to 158 degF [–40 to 70 degC]
33 ft [10 m]
analog signals carried on conventional
umbilicals. The direct interface to the
acquisition software allows monitor-
ing surface and downhole operations
from one integrated QC panel, which
eliminates shot number mismatches
and ensures accurate recording and
reporting of source positioning and
downhole data.
Gun synchronization accuracy of
the TRISOR element is typically 0.1 ms.
Continuous monitoring of the QC data
significantly reduces the possibility of
continuing a survey if there is an equip-
ment malfunction. Safety is also intrin-
sic to operations with the TRISOR
element because the guns cannot be
fired while out of the water, and the
TRISOR element defaults to automatic
power-down mode if the cable becomes
disconnected or leakage is detected.
Other features are as follows:
■ Depth sensor at source—The source
depth is logged with each shot, but
if the measured source depth is not
in a specified range, the source is
prevented from firing.
■ Pressure sensor at source—The
source pressure is logged with each
shot. The pressure sensor prevents
source signature variations caused by
variations of source pressure.
■ Calibrated near-field hydrophone
(NFH)—The integrated NFH pro-
vides a superior signal compared with
conventional hydrophones for  sig-
nificantly improved source-signature
deconvolution.
Applications
■ Borehole seismic applications that
require a high-quality, consistent
source signature with calibrated
amplitude
■ Shot-by-shot source signature
deconvolution
■ Effective Q-factor derivation from
source to downhole sensor by using
the near-field signature to generate
calibrated far-field signature
Q-Borehole integrated Applications
borehole seismic system ■ Borehole calibration of surface
The dedicated synchronization equip- seismic
ment of the Q-Borehole system enables ■ Optimized reconciliation of log with

conducting simultaneous surface and borehole and surface seismic data

borehole seismic acquisition with
WesternGeco Q-Land* and Q-Marine*
point-receiver seismic systems and
the Q-Seabed* multicomponent sea-
bed seismic system. The VSI vertical
seismic imager is integrally controlled
by the surface acquisition process
to provide a transparent acquisition
process and eliminate the need for
additional survey time. The result is
high-resolution seismic data around
the well.
■ Merged navigation records and
con­sistency of seismic source
and wavelet between borehole
and surface seismic data for
enhanced and faster processing
and interpretation
■ Borehole data to optimize surface
seismic acquisition through tuning

Seismic Imaging Tools and Services 135

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

DeepLook-CS
Crosswell Seismic Imaging Service
DeepLook-CS* crosswell seismic Applications
imaging service uniquely combines ■ Reservoir characterization
wellbore sonic sources and receivers to
■ Bypassed pay identification
provide up to 100 times the resolution
of conventional surface seismic. With ■ Enhanced oil recovery

these high-resolution reservoir images, ■ CO2 sequestration

operators now have the information
they need to engage truly proactive
development strategies and optimize
production throughout the entire life
■ Waterflooding monitoring
■ Unconventional gas
■ Heavy oil and thermal operations

cycle of the reservoir.

Crosswell imaging employs a seis-
mic source and receivers, both placed
in wells at the depth of the reservoir.
To image reservoir intervals with a
vertical resolution of 5 ft [1.5 m], the
DeepLook-CS service passes specially
engineered sonic energy through
the zone of interest, from source to
receiver. The piezoelectric source is
normally operated while moving for
fast acquisition. Velocity, reflection,
and other sonic properties are mea-
sured to provide structural and physi-
cal characteristics of the zone in both
the horizontal and vertical directions.

136 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

DeepLook-CS Service Interwell Distance†
Source Well Receiver Well Well Spacing, ft [m]
Cased hole Cased hole 100–3,280 [30–1,000]
Open hole Open hole 100–3,280 [30–1,000]
† Depends on noise, completion, and formation attenuation characteristics.

Mechanical Specifications
DeepLook-CS Service Piezoelectric Source DeepLook-CS Service Hydrophone Receiver Array
Temperature rating, degF [degC] 302 [150] 350 [177]
Pressure rating, psi [MPa] 10,000 [69] 10,000 [69]
Well size—min., in [cm]
Open hole 4.5 [11.5] 2.25 [5.7]
Cased hole 4.5 [11.5] 2.25 [5.7]
Well size—max., in [cm]
Open hole No limit No limit
Cased hole No limit No limit
Outside diameter, in [cm] 3.5 [8.9] 1.6875 [4.2]
Length, ft [m] 17.2 [5.24] Twenty levels,† 5-ft spacing: 118 [36]
Twenty levels,† 10-ft spacing: 218 [66.4]
Mud type or weight limitations No fluid restrictions No fluid restrictions
Frequency range, Hz 100–2,000 100–4,000
† Eight hydrophones per level

Seismic Imaging Tools and Services 137

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

CSI
Combinable Seismic Imager
The CSI* combinable seismic imager
is a three-axis borehole seismic
acquisition tool for open- and cased
hole applications. The CSI imager
is designed to physically isolate the
sensor components from the heavy tool
body during seismic acquisition. The
small size and low mass of the sensor
module and the strong anchoring force
of the tool ensure optimal acoustic
coupling, even in soft formations,
which guarantees the high quality of
Measurement Specifications
Output
Logging speed
Array capability
Sensor package
Length
Weight
Sensor
Sensitivity
Sensor natural frequency
Dynamic range
Distortion
Digitization
Combinability
Special applications
138 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
the recorded seismic data. The CSI
imager is self-combinable using stiff
or flexible interconnects, and it is also
fully combinable with other logging
tools. Deployment can be on wireline,
TLC tough logging conditions system,
or wireline tractor.
Applications
■ Time-depth determination
■ Vertical seismic profiles (VSPs)
CSI Imager
Seismic waveform produced by acoustic
reflections from bed boundaries
Stationary
Seismic waveform recording: 1-, 2-, or 4-ms output
sampling rate
Up to 4 tools
24.4 in [61.98 cm]
19.9 lbm [9 kg]
Geophone accelerometer (GAC-A)
>0.5 V/g ± 5%
25 Hz
Flat bandwidth in acceleration: 2 to 200 Hz
90 dB
<–60 dB
16 bit
Combinable with most tools
Conveyance on wireline, TLC system, or tractor
Mechanical Specifications
CSI Imager
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4.9 in [12.45 cm]
Borehole size—max. 19 in [48.26 cm]
With extension: 22 in [55.88 cm]
Outside diameter 4⅝ in [11.75 cm]
Without standoff: 4 in [10.16 cm]
Length 17.8 ft [5.42 m]
Weight 271 lbm [123 kg]
Tension 50,000 lbf [222,240 N]
Compression 4,400 lbf [19,570 N]
Coupling
Anchoring force 630 lbf [2,800 N] in 5-in [12.70-cm] hole
719 lbf [3,200 N] in 10-in [25.40-cm] hole
1,124 lbf [5,000 N] in 19-in [28.26-cm] hole
Sensor package coupling force 240 lbf [1,067 N]
Coupling force/sensor weight ratio 10:1

Seismic Imaging Tools and Services 139

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Q-Borehole Explorer
High-Output, Wide-Bandwidth Truck Vibrator
The new Q-Borehole Explorer* truck
vibrator meets the challenges of
borehole seismic acquisition in deeper
and more complex formations while it
also improves the safety, data quality,
and efficiency of conventional truck-
based vibrators.
Using the low-frequency-enhanced
MD Sweep* maximum-displacement
transmission method, the truck
vibrator delivers the high-output, wide-
bandwidth, low-distortion vibroseis
signal required for modern borehole
seismic operations. MD Sweep
transmission efficiently achieves full
power at the displacement limit of
the Q-Borehole Explorer truck vibrator for land operations using the Applications
by optimally adjusting the drive rate Q-Borehole Explorer truck. The truck ■ All US land borehole seismic
and force level at the beginning of the vibrator is US highway compliant, applications requiring a high-
sweep. Tests demonstrate that this and its eight-wheel drive and ground output, wide-bandwidth, low-
sweep design can add up to half an clearance provide excellent off- distortion vibroseis source
octave of full-power, low-frequency road agility. Four drive axles evenly
■ Look-ahead and acoustic impedance
bandwidth over that possible using distribute vehicle weight for stability
conventional sweeps. and low ground pressure on station. (AI) inversion applications requiring
The truck vibrator’s design is The result is excellent ground coupling, strong, low-frequency energy down
optimized for both on- and off-road which in combination with optimized to deep targets
mobility. Trailer transport to and hydraulic flow to the vibrator actuator
from the wellsite is not necessary delivers strong, low-frequency energy.

Mechanical Specifications
Q-Borehole Explorer Truck
Vehicle length 438 in [11.13 m]
Vehicle wheelbase 265 in [6.73 m]
Vehicle width 101 in [2.56 m]
Vehicle height 151 in [3.84 m]
Vehicle gross weight 59,000 lbm [27,000 kg]
Hold-down weight 54,000 lbm [24,500 kg]
Peak hydraulic force 60,000 lbf [267,000 N]
Baseplate clearance, moving 13 in [33 cm]
Maximum vehicle speed† 70 mi/h [113 km/h]
Emission compliance Deck and vehicle engines:
California and US EPA continental standards
Ambient operating temperature –30 to 130 degF [–34 to 54 degC]
† Subject to local regulations and road conditions

140 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Other land seismic sources
Schlumberger provides land borehole
seismic sources suitable for all types
of terrain.
In open terrain, the vibrator source
provides the best productivity with the
frequency range and strength controlled
to meet survey requirements.
In difficult or wet terrain where
access by vibrator vehicles is restricted,
the buried airgun, positioned below the
weathered zone, provides a consistent
broad-bandwidth source that is ideal for
zero- and fixed-offset survey geometries.
The slim housing provides ease of hole
drilling, deployment, and retrieval.
Dynamite is a lightweight, high-band-
width source that is ideal for moving
source geometries such as walkaway
lines in difficult or wet terrain.

Applications
■ Fixed and moving source
geometries for VSP surveys
■ Sources for all types of terrain

Seismic Imaging Tools and Services 141

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Marine Seismic Sources

Schlumberger offers a range of standard Applications

marine seismic sources of different
strengths. Sources are designed to
output predictable and consistent
source signatures. All sources have been
fully characterized through recording
of far-field signatures. Spectral outputs
■ VSP surveys: zero offset, offset,
walkaway, 3D, and SeismicVISION*
seismic-while-drilling service
■ Subsalt imaging
■ Shallow-water surveys

are characterized for deployment depth, ■ Deepwater and deep wells

operating pressure, and array volume. ■ Calibration of complex surveys:
All sources are mechanically qualified to anisotropy and amplitude variation
ensure safety and reliability. When used with offset (AVO)
with the TRISOR acoustic source control
■ Repeatability and wavelet matching
element, full QC of array performance
is available. for time-lapse surveys
■ All borehole seismic applications

requiring high-quality, consistent

source signatures with calibrated
amplitude

Seismic Source Recommendations

Checkshot Single gun
Checkshot, deep well Two- or three-gun cluster
VSP Two- or three-gun cluster
VSP, offset or walkaway, deep well Single or dual six-gun array
VSP, offset, walkaway or 3D, ultradeep well Single or dual six-gun array or surface seismic vessel

Example Seismic Source Specifications

Source Source Depth, Capacity, Firing Pressure, Zero-Peak Peak-Peak Primary to
ft [m] in3 [L] psi [MPa] Amplitude, Amplitude, Bubble Ratio
bar.m bar.m
Single gun 16.4 [5] 150 [2.5] 2,000 [14] 3.0 5.3 4.4
Two-gun cluster 9.8 [3] 300 [4.9] 2,000 [14] 5.2 9.2 7.5
Three-gun cluster 16.4 [5] 450 [7.4] 2,000 [14] 6.7 12.2 12.2
Three-gun cluster, large 16.4 [5] 750 [12.3] 2,000 [14] 8.3 14.8 15.1
Dual Delta six-gun array 16.4 [5] 1,200 [19.7] 2,000 [14] 14.0 23.1 21.5
HyperCluster* low-frequency 16.4 [5] 1,500 [24.6] 3,000 [20] 18.4 29.0 22.6
airgun source

142 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Formation Testing
and Sampling

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 MDT Forte and MDT Forte-HT
Rugged and High-Temperature
Modular Formation Dynamics Testers
The extensively qualified MDT Forte*
rugged modular formation dynamics
tester and MDT Forte-HT* rugged high-
temperature tester are a complete
redesign and reengineering of the
workhorse MDT modular formation
dynamics tester for sampling and
formation testing. By extending the
reliability, efficiency, and applicability
of the MDT tester platform while
minimizing operational risk, the
MDT Forte and MDT Forte-HT testers
are run with Quicksilver Probe*
focused fluid extraction and the
Saturn* 3D radial probe to deliver
robust downhole fluid analysis (DFA)
using the InSitu Fluid Analyzer*
system, fluid sampling, and transient
testing to meet the challenges of
today’s oilfield operations.
Extensive qualification testing of the
design, components, and entire tester
systems proves that the MDT Forte and
MDT Forte-HT testers tolerate excessive
vibration at all stages of use: from low-
frequency shaking during transit to high-
impact shock and vibration downhole at
extreme temperatures. The redesigned
electronics system incorporates surface-
mounted components on a ruggedized
chassis that overcomes the conventional
fragility of electronics when operating
in tough logging conditions. Qualified
for 100 cumulative operating hours
at temperatures up to 400 degF
[204 degC], the testers are ideally suited
for operations in the most challenging
environments, such as deep water,
drillpipe conveyance, HPHT wells, and
remote operations.
Wireline Services Catalog ■ Formation Testing and Sampling 145
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
The innovative modular design of
the MDT Forte and MDT Forte-HT
testers means that the tester compo-
nents are readily customizable to meet
operational requirements:
■ Telemetry system with greatly
expanded capabilities means that
the length of the toolstrings is lim-
ited primarily by the cable strength
and well conditions. Using extended
tool combinations to meet multiple
objectives in one trip results in sig-
nificant efficiency gains and cost
savings.
■ Next-generation Axton* dynamically
compensated single quartz gauge
has an operating range to 410 degF
[210 degC] and 31,500 psi [217 MPa].
Calibration to 30,000 psi [207 MPa]
and 374 degF [190 degC] or to
20,000 psi [138 MPa] and 392 degF
[200 degC] ensures consistent pres-
sure metrology performance with
the same accuracy and resolution
expected in standard conditions.
■ High-temperature InSitu Density*
reservoir fluid density sensor helps
manage the challenges of sampling
formation fluids from HPHT reservoirs
by monitoring contamination levels in
addition to indicating compositional
grading and fluid gradients.
■ Dual-Packer Module comprises two
inflatable packer elements with an
asymmetrical design that reduces
the risk of sticking and fishing, with
downtime further reduced through
greater durability, longer replacement
cycles, and more stations per  run.
By sealing against the borehole wall
to isolate an interval of the formation,
the dual packers significantly
improve the effectiveness of pressure
measurement and fluid sampling
in low-permeability, laminated, or
fractured formations.
■ Advanced sealing technology of the
O-rings of the MDT Forte-HT tester
feature carbon nanotube technology.
The engineered material provides
the strength to withstand downhole
effects and ensure extended
sealing performance to capture and
confidently retain HPHT samples.
■ Advanced Pumpout Modules, rated
from standard conditions through
extra-extrahigh pressure provide an
increased flow area and enhance
run time, resistance to plugging, and
solids handling.
■ Multisample Modules are used to
collect and subsequently transport
high-quality samples of formation
fluids for PVT analysis. The Single-
Phase Multisample Changer (SPMC)
is HPHT rated and pressure compen-
sating for single-phase sampling.
Applications ■ Identification of compositional ■ Reservoir simulation (equation-
■ Challenging environments: deep grading of‑state [EOS] modeling)
water, remote operations, drillpipe ■ Formation fluid sampling ■ Asphaltene gradient determination

conveyance, high temperature, ■ Sample assurance: single phase and and heavy-ends EOS modeling
high pressure, and harsh operating purity ■ Identification of volatile oil
conditions ■ Identification of compartments and gas condensate
■ Formation pressure measurement and lateral sealing boundaries ■ Determination of gas/oil ratio (GOR)

■ Accurate determination of pressure ■ Formation permeability and condensate/gas ratio (CGR)

gradients and fluid contacts and permeability anisotropy ■ In situ stress determination

■ Reservoir fluid characterization measurements

through DFA

Measurement Specifications
MDT Forte Tester MDT Forte-HT Tester
Output Formation pressure; ultralow-contamination fluid samples; downhole fluid analysis; flowline
pressure, resistivity, and temperature; permeability and permeability anisotropy; in situ stress
Logging speed Stationary Stationary
Range of measurement Quartz gauge: 750 to 15,000 psi [5 to 103 MPa] Axton gauge: 0 to 30,000 psi [207 MPa] to 374 degF
Resistivity: 0.01 to 20 ohm.m [190 degC] and 0 to 20,000 psi [138 MPa] to
Temperature: –40 to 350 degF [–40 to 177 degC] 392 degF [200 degC]†
Resistivity: 0.01 to 20 ohm.m
Temperature: –40 to 400 degF [–40 to 204 degC]
Resolution Quartz gauge: 0.008 psi [55 Pa] at 1.3-s gate time Axton gauge: 0.008-psi [55-Pa] rms at 1-s gate time
Resistivity: 0.001 ohm.m Resistivity: 0.001 ohm.m
Temperature: 1.0 degF [0.5 degC] Temperature: 1.0 degF [0.5 degC]
Accuracy Quartz gauge: ±(2 psi [13,789 Pa] + 0.01% of reading)‡ Axton gauge: ±2.0 psi [±13,789 Pa] for typical
Resistivity: ±0.01 ohm.m HPHT operational range (>212 degF [>100 degC]
Flowline temperature: ±1.0 degF [±0.5 degC] and >15,000 psi [103 MPa]) and ±6.0 psi
[±41,368 Pa] for full range‡
Resistivity: 0.01 ohm.m
Flowline temperature: ±0.5 degF [±0.2 degC]
Mud type or weight limitations None None
Combinability Fully integrates with Saturn 3D radial probe, Quicksilver Probe focused fluid extraction, and InSitu Fluid Analyzer system
Conveyance on wireline, drillpipe, and UltraTRAC all-terrain wireline tractor
Special applications Downhole fluid analysis at reservoir conditions, interval pressure transient test (IPTT), stress test, mini-DST
† Operating range up to 400 degF [204 degC] and default calibration to 392 degF [200 degC] with calibration to higher temperature on request.
‡ Includes fitting error, hysteresis, repeatability, and some allowance for sensor aging; the corresponding percentages of the pressure reading account for the incertitude of the calibration equipment.

Mechanical Specifications
MDT Forte Tester MDT Forte-HT Tester
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC] 400 degF [204 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000, 25,000, and 30,000 psi 20,000 psi
[138, 172, and 207 MPa] [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 20,000 psi: 55⁄8 in [14.41 cm] 5⅝ in [14.41 cm]
25,000 and 30,000 psi: 57⁄8 in [14.92 cm]
Borehole size—max. 22 in [55.88 in] 22 in [55.88 in]
Outside diameter† 20,000 psi: 4.75 in [12.07 cm] 4.75 in [12.07 cm]
25,000 psi: 5 in [12.70 cm]
30,000 psi: 5.25 in [13.33 cm]
Length Depends upon configuration Depends upon configuration
Weigh Depends upon configuration Depends upon configuration
Shock and vibration Electronic shock rating: 250 g Electronic shock rating: 250 g
Vibration transmissibility: 3.0 g, 10 to 450 Hz Vibration transmissibility: 3.0 g, 10 to 450 Hz
Tension 160,000 lbf [711,700 N] 160,000 lbf [711,700 N]
Compression‡ 85,000 lbf [378,100 N] 85,000 lbf [378,100 N]
† Tester only, not including probe
‡ At 15,000 psi and 320 degF; the compression rating is a function of temperature and pressure.

146 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Modular Formation Dynamics Tester
The MDT modular formation dynam-
ics tester measures reservoir pressure
quickly and accurately, collects repre-
sentative fluid samples from multiple
layers, and provides permeability and
anisotropy data through a variety of
interval pressure transient tests. The
MDT tester can also be used to conduct
a mini-frac test to obtain the minimum
in situ horizontal stress in several lay-
ers. Its modular design and combinabil-
ity with Quicksilver Probe focused fluid
extraction, the InSitu Fluid Analyzer
system, and almost all Schlumberger
measurement systems make the
MDT tester readily customizable to meet
specific objectives. The MDT tester con-
tinues to evolve, incorporating newly
available measurement technologies to
always feature state-of-the art downhole
devices  for reservoir evaluation and
management needs.
The basic MDT tester modules are
as follows:
■ Electronic Power Module (MRPC)
converts power from the surface to
power for the tool modules.
■ Hydraulic Power Module (MRHY)
contains an electric motor and pump
to provide hydraulic power for setting
and retracting the single- and dual-
probe modules. The MRHY has an
accumulator that enables automatic
retraction of the probes if electric
power fails, which prevents potential
stuck tool situations.
Formation Testing and Sampling 147
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
MDT
■ Single-Probe Module (MRPS) con-
sists of the probe assembly (i.e.,
packer and telescoping backup pis-
tons), pressure gauges, fluid resistiv-
ity and temperature sensors, and
20-cm3 [0.005-galUS] pretest cham-
ber. The MRPS contains both a strain
gauge and the accurate, high-reso-
lution, quick-response CQG crystal
quartz gauge. The volume, rate, and
drawdown of the pretest chamber MRPC
can be controlled from the surface
and adjusted depending on the for-
mation characteristics.
■ Modular Sample Chambers (MRSC)
module is available in three sizes:
1, 2.75, and 6 galUS [3.8, 10.4, and
22.7 L]. The 1- and 2.75‑galUS cham-
bers are avail­able in H2S and stan-
dard service versions.
Applications
■ Formation pressure measurement
and fluid gradient estimation
■ Formation fluid sampling and down- MRPS
hole fluid analysis
■ Pretest drawdown mobility values
(permeability/viscosity)
■ Permeability and permeability
anisotropy determination away
from the well
■ In situ stress determination
MRHY
MRSC
Standard MDT Tester Measurement Specifications
Accuracy Resolution Range
Logging speed Stationary Stationary Stationary
Strain gauge ±10 psi [±68,947 Pa] 0.1 psi [689 Pa] 0 to 10,000 psi [0 to 69 MPa]
±20 psi [±137,895 Pa] 0.2 psi [1,379 Pa] 0 to 20,000 psi [0 to 138 MPa]
CQG gauge ±(2 psi [13,789 Pa] 0.008 psi [55 Pa] at 1.3-s gate time 750 to 15,000 psi [5 to 103 MPa]
+ 0.01% of reading) †
Resistivity ±5% of reading 0.001 ohm.m 0.01 to 20 ohm.m
Flowline temperature ±1.0 degF [±0.5 degC] 1.0 degF [0.5 degC] –67 to 392 degF [–55 to 200 degC]
† Includes calibration fitting error, hysteresis, repeatability, and some allowance for sensor aging;
the corresponding percentages of the pressure readings account for the incertitude of the calibration equipment.

Basic MDT Tester Modules Mechanical Specifications

MRPC MRHY MRSC MRPS
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC] 350 degF [177 degC] 350 degF [177 degC] 350 degF [177 degC]†
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]†
Borehole size—min. 5⅝ in [14.29 cm] 5⅝ in [14.29 cm] 5⅝ in [14.29 cm] Standard: 5⅝ in [14.29 cm]
Large-hole kit: 8½ in [21.59 cm]
Super-large-hole kit: 11½ in [29.21 cm]
Borehole size—max. No limit No limit No limit Standard: 14 in [35.56 cm]
Large-hole kit: 19 in [48.26 cm]
Super-large-hole kit: 22 in [55.88 cm]
Outside diameter 4.75 in [12.07 cm] 4.75 in [12.07 cm] 4.75 in [12.07 cm] Standard: 4.75 in [12.07 cm]
Large-hole kit: 7.5 in [19.05 cm]
Super-large-hole kit: 10.5 in [26.67 cm]
Length 4.98 ft [1.52 m] 8.42 ft [2.57 m] 8.04 ft [2.45 m] 6.25 ft [1.91 m]
Weight 160 lbm [73 kg] 275 lbm [125 kg] 225 lbm [102 kg] 200 lbm [91 kg]
Tension‡ 160,000 lbf [711,710 N] 160,000 lbf [711,710 N] 160,000 lbf [711,710 N] 160,000 lbf [711,710 N]
Compression‡ 85,000 lbf [378,100 N] 85,000 lbf [378,100 N] 85,000 lbf [378,100 N] 85,000 lbf [378,100 N]
H₂S service Yes Yes Yes Yes
† These ratings reduce the dependence on using a quartz gauge.
‡ At 15,000 psi [103 MPa] and 320 degF [160 degC]. These ratings apply to all MDT tester modules except the Dual-Packer Module (MRPA).
The compressive load is a function of temperature and pressure.

148 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Index | Search | Next


With a total surface flow area of
79.44  in2—a 1,200% increase over
the largest conventional single-probe
formation tester—the Saturn 3D
radial probe extends formation testing
to previously inaccessible fluids and
reservoir environments:
■ low-permeability formations
■ heavy oil
■ unconsolidated formations
■ near-critical fluids
■ rugose boreholes.
The Saturn 3D radial probe can
perform pressure tests efficiently and
conclusively at mobilities as low as
0.01  mD/cP. With minimal storage
volume effects and greatly reduced
susceptibility to supercharging, the
Saturn probe brings unprecedented
pressure-testing capability to very
tight formations.
The drain assembly of the Saturn
3D radial probe positions four self-
sealing suction ports at 90° intervals
against the borehole wall to pull fluid
circumferentially from the reservoir,
instead of funneling it to the single
access point of a conventional probe.
Because fluid is extracted across a
large reservoir volume, flow is read-
ily induced and sustained for viscous
fluids and in low-mobility formations
or uncemented matrix. Filtrate is
quickly removed to draw in uncontam-
inated formation fluid for downhole
fluid analysis (DFA) and sampling.
Formation Testing and Sampling 149
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Saturn
3D Radial Probe
The improvement in testing effi-
ciency over conventional probes is dis-
tinct at mobilities of 500 mD/cP, with
the performance gap expanding as the
mobility decreases. At 10 mD/cP the
Saturn probe is an enabling technology
because even an extralarge-diameter
conventional probe can be challenged
to move the formation fluid.
The proprietary rubber technology
used in the probe assembly provides
additional flexibility for sealing in
rugose hole conditions in combination
with the probe’s self-sealing suction
ports. The probe assembly also cir-
cumferentially supports the formation
to enable sampling in unconsolidated
formations without the risk of plugging
or formation collapse.
Applications
■ Formation fluid sampling
■ Downhole fluid analysis
■ Formation pressure measurement
■ Fluid-gradient determination
■ Far-field permeability
measurement and anisotropy
determination
■ Well testing design optimization
Measurement Specifications
Saturn Probe
Output Ultralow-contamination formation fluids, formation pressure, fluid mobility,
downhole fluid analysis, permeability anisotropy
Logging speed† Stationary
Range of measurement Gauges specified for the operation and formation conditions
Resolution Gauges specified for the operation and formation conditions
Accuracy Gauges specified for the operation and formation conditions
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Fully integrates with MDT modular formation dynamics tester
and InSitu Family* measurements sensors
Special applications Low-permeability formations, heavy oil, near-critical fluids,
unconsolidated formations, and rugose boreholes
† Includes fitting error, hysteresis, repeatability, and some allowance for sensor aging; the corresponding percentages
of the pressure reading account for the incertitude of the calibration equipment

Mechanical Specifications
Saturn Probe
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
High-pressure version: 25,000 psi [172 MPa]
Ultrahigh-pressure version: 30,000 psi [207 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 7-in version: 77⁄8 in [20.0 cm]
9-in version: 97⁄8 in [25.08 cm]
Borehole size—max. 7-in version: 9½ in [24.13 cm]
9-in version: 14½ in [36.83 cm]
Max. hole ovality 20%
Outside diameter Tool body: 4.75 in [12.06 cm]
7-in version drain assembly: 7 in [17.78 cm]
9-in version drain assembly: 8.75 in [22.23 cm]
Length 5.7 ft [1.74 m]
With Modular Reservoir Sonde and Electronics (MRSE): 12.4 ft [3.78 m]
Weight† 7-in version: 385 lbm [175 kg]
9-in version: 485 lbm [220 kg]
Tension Depends on wellbore pressure and temperature
Compression Depends on wellbore pressure and temperature
† In air, fully assembled on a mandrel

150 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Quicksilver Probe* focused fluid extrac-
tion acquires reservoir fluids samples
that, in many cases, have levels of fil-
trate contamination below measurable
limits. In addition, the time required
on station is significantly reduced
Quicksilver Probe
Focused Fluid Extraction
Applications
■ Formation pressure measurement
and fluid gradient estimation
■ Formation fluid sampling
■ Downhole fluid analysis

compared with conventional openhole ■ Fluid profiling characterization

sampling operations. Other enhance- of reservoir fluid properties and
ments over single-probe methods are quantification of their variation
a reduced risk of differential sticking
and more reliable laboratory results for
PVT analysis.
The innovative focused probe fea-
tures concentric packers with “guard”
and fluid-acquisition flowlines to
efficiently separate mud filtrate con-
tamination from virgin reservoir fluid
during the fluid-extraction process.
Beyond setting new standards in
fluid purity and extraction speed,
Quicksilver Probe focused fluid
extraction makes downhole fluid
analysis possible even in miscible oil-
base mud. Fluid properties can be
accurately measured at reservoir con-
ditions without contamination effects.
Comparison between reservoir layers
yields information concerning zonal
connectivity and fluid compartmen-
talization that cannot be measured by
other logs.

Formation Testing and Sampling 151

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
Quicksilver Probe Extraction
Output Extracted ultralow-contamination formation fluids; flowline pressure,
resistivity, and temperature
Logging speed Stationary
Range of measurement CQG gauge: 750 to 15,000 psi [5 to 103 MPa]
25,000-psi high-pressure Quartzdyne® gauge: 0 to 25,000 psi [0 to 172 MPa]
Axton gauge: 0 to 30,000 psi [207 MPa] to 374 degF [190 degC]
and 0 to 20,000 psi [138 MPa] to 392 degF [200 degC]†
Resistivity: 0.01 to 20 ohm.m
Temperature: –67 to 400 degF [–55 to 204 degC]
Resolution CQG gauge: 0.008 psi [55 Pa] at 1.3-s gate time
25,000-psi high-pressure Quartzdyne gauge: 0.01 psi/s [69 Pa/s]
Axton gauge: 0.008-psi [55-Pa] rms at 1-s gate time
Resistivity: 0.001 ohm.m
Temperature: 1.0 degF [0.5 degC]
Accuracy CQG gauge: ±(2 psi [13,789 Pa] + 0.01% of reading)‡
25,000-psi high-pressure Quartzdyne gauge: ±0.02% of full range
Axton gauge: ±2.0 psi [±13,789 Pa] for typical HPHT operational range
(>212 degF [>100 degC] and >15,000 psi [>103 MPa])
and ±6.0 psi [±41,368 Pa] for full range
Resistivity: ±5% of reading
Flowline temperature: ±1.0 degF [±0.5 degC]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Fully integrates with MDT modular formation dynamics tester and InSitu Family
measurement sensors
Special applications Downhole fluid analysis at reservoir conditions
† Operating range up to 400 degF [204 degC] and default calibration to 392 degF [200 degC] with calibration to higher temperature on request.
‡ Includes fitting error, hysteresis, repeatability, and some allowance for sensor aging; the corresponding percentages of the pressure reading
account for the incertitude of the calibration equipment

Mechanical Specifications
Quicksilver Probe Extraction
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
High-pressure version: 30,000 psi [207 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 6 in [15.24 cm]
Borehole size—max. 14 in [35.56 cm]
Outside diameter 4.75 in [12.07 cm]
While sampling: 5 in [12.70 cm]
High-pressure version: 5.25 in [13.34 cm]
Length Probe module: 8.48 ft [2.58 m]
Weight 308 lbm [140 kg]
High-pressure version: 351 lbm [159 kg]
Tension 160,000 lbf [711,710 N]
Compression† 85,000 lbf [378,100 N]
† At 15,000 psi [103 MPa] and 320 degF [160 degC]. The compressive load is a function of temperature and pressure.

152 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 InSitu Fluid Analyzer
Real-Time Downhole Fluid Analysis System
The InSitu Fluid Analyzer system
is used to acquire InSitu Family
downhole quantitative fluid properties
measurements for real-time downhole
fluid analysis (DFA):
■ hydrocarbon composition
(C1, C2, C3–C5, and C6+)
■ gas/oil ratio (GOR)
■ live-oil density and viscosity
■ CO2
■ pH of water (aquifer, connate,
injection, or water-base mud
[WBM] filtrate)
■ reservoir fluid color
■ free-gas detection
■ downhole fluorescence (dew
precipitation in retrograde gas
condensates)
■ flowline pressure and temperature
(regime of sample chamber, not
the probe)
■ resistivity of reservoir water
■ oil-base mud (OBM) filtrate
contamination.
InSitu Composition and
InSitu CO2 sensors
Because quantified DFA is based
on optical absorption spectroscopy,
the InSitu Composition* reservoir
fluid composition measurement uses
the first downhole deployment of a
laboratory-grade grating spectrometer
in addition to the conventional filter
array spectrometer. The filter array
spectrometer measures wavelengths in
the visible to near-infrared (Vis-NIR)
range from 400 to 2,100 nm across
20 channels that indicate the color and
molecular vibration absorptions of the
reservoir fluid and also show the main
absorption peaks of water and CO2. The
Formation Testing and Sampling 153
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
grating spectrometer has 16 channels
focused on the 1,600- to 1,800‑nm range,
where reservoir fluid has characteristic
absorptions that reflect molecular
structure. Measurement of the Vis-NIR
spectrum by the two spectrometers is
used for the DFA of fluid hydrocarbon
composition, water content, and mud
filtrate contamination. The CO2 content
is determined from the spectrometer
measurements by the InSitu CO2*
reservoir fluid CO2 sensor.
InSitu GOR sensor
From the enhanced composition mea-
surement, the InSitu GOR* reservoir
fluid sensor determines the GOR and
condensate/gas ratio (CGR) from the
vaporizations of the hydrocarbon and
CO2 components at standard conditions
for flashing a live fluid.
InSitu Color sensor
With optical filters improved for
high-temperature performance, the
InSitu Color* reservoir fluid color sen-
sor uses the extended measurement
range of the 20-channel filter array
spectrometer to determine fluid color.
The reliability of the measurement
is supported by continuous real-time
autocalibration, application of a con-
tamination algorithm that uses all the
spectrometer channels, and a coated-
window detection flag for enhanced QC.
The color measurement supports fluid
identification, determination of asphal-
tene gradients, and pH measurement.
InSitu Density sensor
The InSitu Density reservoir fluid density
measurement is based on the resonance
characteristics of a vibrating rod that
oscillates in two perpendicular modes
within the fluid. Simple physical models
describe the resonance frequency and
quality factor of the sensor in relation to
the fluid density. Dual-mode oscillation
is superior to other resonant techniques
because it minimizes the effects of
pressure and temperature on the sensor
through common mode rejection, which
further improves the accuracy of the
measurement. The measurement is
made under flowing conditions, and the
resonator is resistive to corrosive fluids.
InSitu Viscosity sensor
The InSitu Viscosity* reservoir fluid
viscosity sensor measures viscosity
under flowing conditions with either
a dual-mode microresonator rod or a
vibrating wire. Which technology is used
depends on the downhole and reservoir
conditions.
InSitu Fluorescence sensor
The InSitu Fluorescence* reservoir
fluid fluorescence sensor detects free
gas bubbles and retrograde conden-
sate liquid dropout for single-phase
assurance while conducting DFA and
sampling. Fluid type is also identified.
The resulting fluid phase information
is especially useful for defining the
difference between retrograde con-
densates and volatile oils, which can
have similar GORs and live-oil densi-
ties. Because the fluorescence mea-
surement is also sensitive to liquid
precipitation from a condensate gas
when the flowing pressure falls below
the dewpoint, it can be used to monitor
phase separation in real time to ensure
the collection of representative single-
phase samples.
InSitu pH sensor
The InSitu pH* reservoir fluid pH sen-
Fluorescence detector
sor measures the water pH by inject-
ing dye into the formation fluid being Pressure and Density and
pumped through the flowline of the temperature gauge viscosity sensors
InSitu Fluid Analyzer system. The pH is
calculated with 0.1-unit accuracy from
the relevant visible wavelengths of the Flowline

dye signal measured by an optical fluid

analyzer. Making the measurement at
reservoir conditions avoids the irrevers-
ible pH changes that occur when sam-
ples are brought to the surface, as acid
gases and salts come out of solution
with reduced temperature and pressure
and routine laboratory flashing of the
sample. The InSitu pH sensor mea-
sures fluids across the entire flowline
cross section, which makes it more
robust than potentiometric methods of
measurement, which are compromised
when oil and mud foul electrode sur-
faces. Direct pH measurements with
dye also avoid the limitations of resis-
tivity measurement in monitoring con-
tamination, which requires a sufficient
resistivity contrast between the filtrate
and formation water.
InSitu Resistivity sensor
The InSitu Resistivity* reservoir fluid
resistivity sensor measures the fluid
in the flowline using the same proven
technology employed in Schlumberger
formation testing tools. With the
InSitu  Resistivity sensor included in
the DFA assembly, it is possible to
monitor resistivity during dual-packer
Grating spectrometer
Filter array spectrometer
InSitu Fluid Analyzer system integrates multiple InSitu Family reservoir fluid measurements
and sensors.
flowline pump. The DFA measurements
within the flowline can then be accu-
rately translated back to virginal reser-
voir conditions by employing well-known
equation-of-state (EOS) algorithms.
Fluid profiling character­
ization of reservoir fluid
properties variation
Fluid profiling characterization based
on the InSitu Fluid Analyzer system
measurements provides the distri-
bution of fluid properties across the
reservoir, beyond what a traditional
sampling program can achieve. The
quantified accuracy of InSitu Family
measurements expands DFA appli-
cation from a single well to multi-
Resistivity sensor
Applications
Reservoir fluid characterization
■
■ Identification of compartments
and lateral sealing boundaries
■ Quantification of compositional
grading
■ Strategy development for corrosion
and scale
■ Sample assurance: single phase
and purity
■ Reservoir simulation (EOS
modeling)
■ Improved-accuracy determination
of pretest gradients and fluid
contacts
■ Asphaltene gradient determination
■ Differentiation of biogenic

sampling operations in WBM.
Pressure and
temperature sensors
The high-resolution pressure and
temperature sensors incorporated in
Schlumberger formation testing tools
are used in the InSitu Fluid Analyzer
system. Direct measurement of pressure
and temperature is essential to identify
the position in the PVT envelope where
the other fluid properties, such as den-
sity, are measured, especially when the
sensors are placed downstream of the
ple-well analysis, defining reservoir and thermogenic dry gas
architecture across the entire field. ■ Identification of volatile oil
Quantification of the variation of fluid and gas condensate
properties at higher resolution than ■ Determination of GOR and CGR
conventional sampling and analysis is
key to identifying and differentiating
compositional grading, fluid contacts,
and reservoir compartments.
For integrated analysis, compre-
hensive InSitu Pro* real-time quality
control and interpretation software
combines the results of pressure and
fluids analysis from multiple data
sources.

154 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
Output
Logging speed
Range of measurement
Resolution
Accuracy
Depth of investigation
Mud type or weight limitations
Combinability
Special applications
na = not applicable
InSitu Fluid Analyzer System
Hydrocarbon composition, GOR, live-oil density and viscosity, CO₂, pH of water, reservoir fluid color, free-gas
detection, downhole fluorescence, flowline pressure and temperature, resistivity, OBM contamination
Stationary
InSitu Density sensor: 0.05 to 1.2 g/cm³
InSitu Viscosity sensor: 0.2 to 300 cP
InSitu Density sensor: 0.001 g/cm³
InSitu Density sensor: ±0.012 g/cm³
InSitu Viscosity sensor: ±10% for wire, ±12% for rod
na
None
Fully integrates with the MDT, MDT Forte, and MDT Forte-HT testers; Saturn 3D radial probe;
Quicksilver Probe focused fluid extraction; and InSitu Pro software
Real-time downhole fluid analysis

Mechanical Specifications
InSitu Fluid Analyzer System
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 25,000 psi [172 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 6 in [15.24 cm]
Borehole size—max. Determined by probe or packer
Outside diameter Determined by probe or packer
Length 10.43 ft [3.18 m]
Weight 368 lbm [167 kg]
Tension 160,000 lbf [711,710 N]
Compression 85,000 lbf [378,100 N]

Formation Testing and Sampling 155

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

InSitu Pro
Real‑Time Quality Control
and Interpretation Software
The InSitu Pro software is used for
detailed analysis and reporting of pre-
test, sampling, and downhole fluid
analysis (DFA) station data, both in
real time and postacquisition. It is com-
patible with Quicksilver Probe focused
fluid extraction, MDT modular for-
mation dynamics tester, InSitu Fluid
Analyzer system, PressureXpress reser-
voir pressure-while-logging service, and
PressureXpress-HT high-temperature
reservoir pressure service. Data analysis
by InSitu Pro software also supports
fluid profiling comprehensive charac-
terization of reservoir fluid properties
and quantification of their variation.
For real-time monitoring and QC,
data can be received via InterACT global
connectivity, collaboration, and informa-
tion service directly at the operator’s
office or a Schlumberger iCenter* secure
networked collaborative environment.
The comprehensive depth view from InSitu Pro software combines the results of pressure and fluids analysis
from multiple data sources.
156 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Because operators and Schlumberger Applications
engineers share the InSitu Pro software ■ Real-time monitoring, QC, and
access for powerful data analysis, all interpretation of pretest, fluid
users efficiently view the same data and sampling, and DFA data for both
presentations in real time for their oper- wireline and LWD formation
ation. Detailed interpretation can also testing services
be conducted after the job to combine
■ Production strategy guidance
reservoir fluid information with petro-
physical data. through the determination
InSitu Pro software has three main of fluid types and contacts
modules: and the swift identification
of compartmentalization
■ pressure module for conducting
■ Postjob data integration from
comprehensive QC and analysis
of pretests multiple data sources, evaluation,
interpretation, and reporting
■ fluids module for conducting QC
and viewing DFA and sampling data
■ integration module for combining
pressure and fluid analysis results
from all available stations with
other petrophysical and correlation
logs in an integrated depth display.
 Advanced MDT Tester Modules

Dual-Packer Module the 3.2-ft interval, the area of the iso-

lated interval of the borehole is about
The Dual-Packer Module (MRPA) con-
3,000  times larger than the area of
sists of two inflatable packer elements
the borehole wall isolated by the MDT
that seal against the borehole wall
tester’s Single-Probe Module (MRPS).
to isolate an interval, improving the
For fluid sampling, the large area
effectiveness of pressure measurement
results in flowing pressures that are
and fluid sampling in low-permeability,
only slightly below the reservoir pres-
laminated, or fractured formations.
sure, which avoids phase separation
The MDT Pumpout Module (MRPO) is
even for pressure-sensitive fluids such
used to inflate the packers with fluid.
as gas condensates or volatile oils.
High-performance packers are run
In low-permeability formations, high
with the MRPA to expand the oper-
drawdown usually occurs with the
ating envelope for the MDT tester,
probe, whereas fluid can be withdrawn
with a temperature rating to 410 degF
from the formation using the MRPA
[210 degC] and compatibility with
with minimum pressure drop through
both water- and oil-base mud systems.
the larger flowing area. In finely lami-
The superior elasticity and improved
nated formations, the MRPA can be
durability of the high-performance
used to straddle permeable streaks
packers enable performing more
that would be difficult to locate with
stations per run and lessen packer
a probe. In fractured formations, the
replacement. The asymmetrical packer
MRPA can usually seal the interval
design reduces sticking and bulging
whereas a probe could not.
potential. Operational reliability is
For pressure transient testing,
further enhanced by the autoretract
following a large-volume flow from
mechanism (ARM), which applies a
the formation, the resulting pressure
longitudinal tensile force to assist in
buildup has a radius of investigation
retracting the packers after deflation,
of 50 to 80 ft [15 to 24 m]. Depending
in turn minimizing drag. At tempera-
on the application, interval pressure
tures below 225 degF [107 degC], the
transient testing (IPTT) provides
elements retain sufficient elasticity for
advantages over a conventional drill-
operation without the ARM.
stem test (DST). It is environmen-
For operations in H2S environ-
tally friendly because no fluids flow
ments, the Dual-Packer Module is
to the surface, and it is cost effective
available in a NACE-compliant ver-
because many zones can be tested in
sion for sampling up to 50% H2S in
a short time.
hole sizes from 57⁄8 to 95⁄8 in.
The MRPA can be used to create a
The length of the test interval
micro-hydraulic fracture that can be
between the packers is 3.2 ft [0.98 m]
pressure tested to determine the min-
and can be extended to 5.2, 8.2, or
imum in situ stress magnitude. The
11.2 ft [1.58, 2.5, or 3.41 m] by using
fracture is created by pumping well-
2- and 3-ft [0.61- and 0.91-m] spac-
bore fluid into the interval between
ers with large-diameter mandrels. For
the inflatable packer elements.

Formation Testing and Sampling 157

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Dual-Packer Module Packers Mechanical Specifications
Packer Outside Hole Size— Hole Size— Temperature Pressure Differential Type Recommended Number of Settings†
Diameter, Min., Max., Rating, Rating, Pressure Rating,
in [cm] in in degF [degC] psi [MPa] psi [MPa]
SIP-A3-5in 5 [12.70] 5.875 7.5 350 [177] 20,000 [138] 4,500 [31] Symmetrical 10 settings at 3,000 psi in 6-in hole
SIP-A3A-5in 5 [12.70] 5.875 7.5 350 [177] 20,000 [138] 4,500 [31] Asymmetrical 10 settings at 3,000 psi in 6-in hole
IPCF-H2S-500 5 [12.70] 5.875 7.5 350 [177] 20,000 [138] TBQ‡ Asymmetrical TBQ‡
SIP-A3-6.75in 7 [17.78] 7.875 9.625 350 [177] 20,000 [138] 3,000 [21] Symmetrical 10 settings at 3,000 psi in 8.75-in hole
SIP-A3A-6.75in 7 [17.78] 7.875 9.625 350 [177] 20,000 [138] 3,000 [21] Asymmetrical 10 settings at 3,000 psi in 8.75-in hole
IPCF-PAS-700 7 [17.78] 7.875 9.625 350 [177] 20,000 [138] 3,000 [21] Symmetrical 10 settings at 3,000 psi in 8.5-in hole
IPCF-PA-700 7 [17.78] 7.875 9.625 350 [177] 20,000 [138] 3,000 [21] Asymmetrical 10 settings at 3,000 psi in 8.5-in hole
IPCF-PC-700 7 [17.78] 7.875 9.625 350 [177] 20,000 [138] 4,500 [31] Asymmetrical 5 settings at 4,500 psi in 8.5-in hole
IPCF-BA-700 7 [17.78] 7.875 9.625 410 [210] 20,000 [138] 3,000 [21] Asymmetrical 3 settings at 3,000 psi in 8.5-in hole
IPCF-H2S-700 7 [17.78] 7.875 9.625 350 [177] 20,000 [138] 3,000 [21] Asymmetrical 10 settings at 3,000 psi in 8.5-in hole
SIP-A3A-8.5in 8.5 [21.59] 9.875 14 350 [177] 20,000 [138] 3,000 [21] Asymmetrical 10 settings at 3,000 psi in 12.25-in hole
SIP-A3A-10in 10 [25.40] 11 17.5 350 [177] 20,000 [138] 2,100 [14] Asymmetrical 7 settings at 2,100 psi in 14.4-in hole
† At the specified pressure and hole size
‡ To be qualified

158 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Dual-Probe Module cannot separate vertical from hori-
zontal mobility, nor can it avoid the
In combination with the Single‑Probe
effects of near-wellbore alteration.
Module (MRPS), the Dual‑Probe
For a layer less than 2 ft [0.61 m]
Module (MRDP) provides measure-
thick, the combination of the dual-
ments for determining both the verti-
probe and single-probe modules can
cal and horizontal mobility unaffected
straddle the layer to determine if the
by near-wellbore permeability altera-
layer is a pressure barrier.
tions. Analysis of a pre­test pressure
transient from only a single probe

Mechanical Specifications
MRDP
Temperature rating 392 degF [200 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 7⅝ in [19.37 cm]
Borehole size—max. 13¼ in [33.65 cm]
Outside diameter 6 in [15.24 cm]
Length 6.75 ft [2.06 m]
MRDP-BA, MRDP-BB, MRDP-BC,
and MRDP-BX: 8.6 ft [2.62 m]
Weight 298 lbm [135 kg]
Tension† 160,000 lbf [711,710 N]
Compression† 85,000 lbf [378,100 N]
H₂S service Yes
† At 15,000 psi [103 MPa] and 320 degF [160 degC]. These ratings apply to all MDT tester modules except the MRPA.
The compressive load is a function of temperature and pressure.

Formation Testing and Sampling 159

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 Flow-Control Module not have to be constant. The rate of
fluid withdrawal is measured. The total
The Flow-Control Module (MRFC) is
volume of withdrawn fluid is limited to
used to control the withdrawal of fluid
1 L [0.26 galUS], which is 50 times the
from the formation for specific pressure
volume of the pretest chamber in the
transient tests that are typically done
MRPS. Following withdrawal of a 1-L
in combination with the Single-Probe
volume, the module can be emptied
Module (MRPS) and Dual-Probe
and used for repeated withdrawals.
Module (MRDP). The withdrawal
The module can be used to provide
of fluid can be accomplished at a
an extended pretest volume when
selected rate or pressure that does
combined with the single probe.

Mechanical Specifications
MRFC
Temperature rating 392 degF [200 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 5⅝ in [14.29 cm]
Borehole size—max. 22 in [55.88 cm]
Outside diameter 4.75 in [12.07 cm]
Length 7.58 ft [2.31 m]
Weight 250 lbm [113 kg]
Tension† 160,000 lbf [711,710 N]
Compression† 85,000 lbf [378,100 N]
H₂S service Yes
† At 15,000 psi [103 MPa] and 320 degF [160 degC]. These ratings apply to all MDT tester modules except the MRPA.
The compressive load is a function of temperature and pressure.

160 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Pumpout Module Fluid is withdrawn from the
formation and pumped into the wellbore
The Pumpout Module (MRPO) is used
fluid system until an acceptably low
to flow fluids from the reservoir at a
percentage of drilling fluid filtrate
controlled flowing pressure. Pressure
contamination is achieved. The LFA
control is required to avoid the separa-
analyzer is used to measure the level of
tion of phases (i.e., gas or solids sepa-
filtrate contamination. The fluid is then
rating from oil, or liquid condensing
diverted to a sample chamber, where it
from gas). Representative fluid samples
is preserved for later analysis.
require a “single-phase” fluid.
The fluid exits the MRPO at a
Pressure control is accomplished
pressure equalized to the wellbore
by varying the duty cycle (i.e., motor
hydrostatic pressure. The rate at
voltage) or motor speed. The engineer
which the fluid flows depends upon
changes the duty cycle or motor speed
the difference between the wellbore
until the flowing pressure, as measured
pressure and the flowing pressure. The
by the pressure gauge (located where
minimum to maximum pumpout flow
the fluid enters the tool), is safely
range can be from 0.08 to 32.8  cm3/s
above the pressure at which the phases
[0.0013 to 0.52  galUS/min]. The
separate. The LFA* live fluid analyzer,
maximum differential pressure is
CFA* composition fluid anal­ yzer,
4,100 psi [28  MPa] for the standard
or both these modules are used in
displacement unit and 11,700  psi
combination with the MRPO to detect
[81  MPa] for the extra-extrahigh-
phase separation.
pressure displacement unit.

Mechanical Specifications
MRPO
Temperature rating 392 degF [200 degC]
Pressure rating† 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 5⅝ in [14.29 cm]
Borehole size—max. 22 in [55.88 cm]
Outside diameter 4.75 in [12.07 cm]
Length 10.63 ft [3.24 m]
Weight 340 lbm [154 kg]
Tension‡ 160,000 lbf [711,710 N]
Compression‡ 85,000 lbf [378,100 N]
H₂S service Yes
† 25,000-psi [172-MPa] and 30,000-psi [207-MPa] versions are available upon request.
‡ At 15,000 psi [103 MPa] and 320 degF [160 degC]. These ratings apply to all MDT modular formation dynamics tester modules
except the Dual-Packer Module (MRPA). The compressive load is a function of temperature and pressure.

Formation Testing and Sampling 161

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 LFA live fluid analyzer near-infrared wavelengths is used to
determine the percentage of oil-base
Both the Pumpout Module (MRPO)
mud filtrate in oil. The LFA analyzer
and LFA live-fluid analyzer are
also measures methane content and
required in the MDT tester toolstring
hydrocarbon content. From the ratio
for fluid sampling. The LFA analyzer
of the two, the gas/oil ratio (GOR) is
measures the percentage of drilling
calculated using a measurement made
fluid filtrate mixed with the forma-
on oil above the bubblepoint.
tion fluid as a function of time. This
In addition to measuring contami-
measurement is the basis for making
nation, the LFA analyzer detects the
real-time decisions on when to stop
presence of gas if the flowing pressure
discarding the fluid to the wellbore and
is below the bubblepoint. The engineer
capture the sample in a chamber. The
is alerted to slow the pumping rate to
filtrate percentage is determined with
raise the pressure above the bubble-
a 10-channel optical spectrometer.
point to avoid phase separation. The
Specific near-infrared wavelengths are
presence of a distinct gas phase is
used to determine the percentage of
detected with an optical refractometer.
water-base filtrate in oil or of oil-base
filtrate in water. A range of visible and

Mechanical Specifications
LFA Live Fluid Analyzer
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating† 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 5⅝ in [14.29 cm]
Borehole size—max. 22 in [55.88 cm]
Outside diameter 4.75 in [12.07 cm]
Length 6.17 ft [1.88 m]
Weight 187 lbm [85 kg]
H₂S service Yes
† 25,000-psi [172-MPa] and 30,000-psi [207-MPa] versions are available upon request.

162 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

CFA composition Computation of the GOR or its
inverse, the condensate/gas ratio
fluid analyzer (CGR), of the flowline fluid extends the
The addition of the CFA composition range of GOR measurement to about
fluid analyzer to the MDT tester per- 30,000 ft3/bbl from the LFA analyzer’s
forms real-time compositional analysis maximum GOR of 2,500.
of sampled retrograde gases, conden- In a hydrocarbon-bearing formation
sates, and volatile oils. The module has the CFA analyzer is used to character-
two detectors, a fluorescence device ize the fluid with respect to depth.
and an optical spectrometer. If liq- Conducting compositional analysis at
uids drop out from the gas phase, the various depths can provide composi-
dew that forms can be detected by tional grading within the oil column
an increase in the fluorescence level. below the gas zone. This information
The fluorescence detector ensures is valuable for reservoir engineers but
that the sample is above the dewpoint was previously difficult to obtain.
and in single-phase condition for gas The CFA analyzer can be used in
sampling. The optical spectrometer is combination with the LFA analyzer
based on principles similar to those to provide a total of 20 optical chan-
of the LFA analyzer. However, the nels downhole for real-time assurance
spread of the optical density channels of single-phase conditions, detection
enables the tool to measure the optical of contamination, and measurement of
density at the peaks corresponding composition.
to methane (C1), ethane to pen­­tane
group (C2 to C5), heavier hydrocarbon
molecules (C6+), carbon dioxide, and
water to quantitatively measure their
downhole concentrations.

Mechanical Specifications
CFA Analyzer
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating† 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 5⅝ in [14.29 cm]
Borehole size—max. 22 in [55.88 cm]
Outside diameter 4.75 in [12.07 cm]
Length 5.1 ft [1.55 m]
With handling caps: 6.6 ft [2.01 m]
Weight 161 lbm [73 kg]
H₂S service Yes
† 25,000-psi [172-MPa] and 30,000-psi [207-MPa] versions are available upon request.

Formation Testing and Sampling 163

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

MDT Tester Low-Shock Sampling
Conducting low-shock sampling with
the MDT modular formation dynamics
tester limits the pressure drawdown
during fluid extraction and sampling.
This approach helps avoid crossing
the bubblepoint pressure, which would
induce a two-phase condition in the
flowline and the sample chambers. The
successful collection of representative
pressure-volume-temperature (PVT)
samples also requires low filtrate con-
tamination, which is determined by
using the LFA live fluid analyzer.
The sample chambers and bottles
consist of a cylinder with a valve at
the top and opening at the bottom and
contain a sliding piston. While the fluid
is pumped from the formation to the
wellbore, the valve at the top is closed
and the piston is positioned at the top
164 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
of the cylinder. Beneath the piston in
the cylinder is water. Because there
is an opening at the bottom, the water
pressure in the cylinder is equal to the
wellbore hydrostatic pressure. Sample
capture begins by opening the valve
at the top and pumping fluid into the
bottle rather than to the wellbore.
The entering fluid pushes the piston
down and causes the water to exit to
the wellbore. Because the pump is
pushing fluid to the wellbore, there is
no change in the flowing pressure fol-
lowing opening of the valve. With this
innovative technique, low-shock sam-
pling minimizes pressure disruption.
Previous methods of sampling did not
employ an opening at the bottom of the
chamber. Before sampling, the internal
pressure was close to the atmospheric
pressure. When the valve at the top
of the cylinder was opened, a sudden
pressure reduction occurred. The
reduction was typically sufficiently large
to induce phase separation, resulting in
an unrepresentative sample. It could
even cause a shock so large that the
formation would collapse, resulting in a
loss of seal and the entry of drilling fluid
to the tool.
The Dual-Packer Module (MRPA)
can be used in low-shock sampling to
further reduce the pressure drawdown
caused by the area of flow.
In addition to enabling single-phase
sample recovery, low-shock sampling
avoids breaking down the formation
while sampling in unconsolidated
reservoirs, which would cause the
mobilization and flow of sand grains.
 MDT Tester Multisample Module

The MDT tester Multisample Module agitation component is used to restore

(MRMS) can retrieve six representa- samples to reservoir conditions of up
tive formation fluid samples on a single to 25,000 psi [172 MPa] and 400 degF
trip into the well. Two types of sample [204 degC] prior to sample transfer or
bottles can be used in the MRMS: analysis. Heating to the reservoir tem-
■ Multisample Production Sample perature is required for revaporizing
Receptacle (MPSR) condensed liquids in gas condensate
■ Single-Phase Multisample
samples, and heating to 180 degF
[82 degC] is required for recombining
Chamber (SPMC).
wax precipitants.
The MRMS may be fitted with any The SPMC maintains the sample
combination of MPSR and SPMC bot- pressure at or above the reservoir
tles. A maximum of five MRMS mod- pressure despite the reduction in tem-
ules (i.e., a total of 30 bottles) can be perature at the surface. The SPMC
combined in one toolstring. must be used to prevent asphaltene
The MPSR bottle has a 450-cm3 solids from precipitating in oil sam-
[0.12-galUS] volume and is approved ples because the precipitation of
for transport by the US Department asphaltenes can be irreversible. The
of Transportation (DOT). It can be opening pressure on MPSR samples
heated to 200 degF [93 degC] for is much lower than the reservoir pres-
recombining the sample but is not sure because of the reduction in tem-
suitable for long-term storage. The perature at the surface. Gas, liquid,
SPMC has a 250-cm3 [0.07-galUS] vol- and solid phases separate within the
ume and can be heated to 400  degF MPSR bottle, and the sample cannot
[204 degC]. It is also DOT transport- be validated, transferred, or analyzed
able. Upon retrieval, an integrated until it has been recombined.

Mechanical Specifications
MRMS
Temperature rating 392 degF [200 degC]
Pressure rating† 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 5⅝ in [14.29 cm]
Borehole size—max. 22 in [55.88 cm]
Outside diameter 5 in [12.70 cm] (max.)
Length 13.19 ft [4.02 m]
Weight 465 lbm [211 kg] (max.)
Tension‡ 160,000 lbf [711,710 N]
Compression‡ 85,000 lbf [378,100 N]
† 25,000-psi [172-MPa] and 30,000-psi [207-MPa] versions are available on request.
‡ At 15,000 psi [103 MPa] and 320 degF [160 degC]. These ratings apply to all MDT tester modules except the Dual-Packer Module (MRPA).
The compressive load is a function of temperature and pressure.

Formation Testing and Sampling 165

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

PressureXpress-HT
High-Temperature Reservoir Pressure Service
PressureXpress-HT* service  extends
the efficiency and accuracy  of
PressureXpress reservoir pressure
while logging service to high-tem-
perature environments. Specifically
engineered for pressure and mobil-
ity testing, as compared with conven-
tional multifunction formation tester
tools that also collect fluid samples,
PressureXpress-HT service provides
exceptional pressure measurement
quality and significantly reduces the
time and risk involved with testing.
With a flasked tool design and the
superior thermal stability of the quartz
gauge eliminating the need for gauge
temperature stabilization, highly accu-
rate reservoir pressure and mobility
measurements are typically made in
less than a minute. PressureXpress-HT
service is also compatible with most
openhole services to deliver pressure
measurements on the first logging run.
Innovative tool architecture enables
the superior thermal stability of the
quartz gauge and extended holding
time. By combining these capabilities
with the precision of electromechani-
cal pretest control, PressureXpress-HT
service provides accurate gradients
and overall data quality not achiev-
able by either conventional standard
or high-temperature formation tes-
ter tools. The location of the HPHT
Quartzdyne gauge in a flasked section
isolates it from changes in borehole
temperature and eliminates the need
for temperature stabilization of the
gauge, thus significantly improving
overall operational efficiency.
These simple, effective design
changes and an extended qualification
process that tests the entire tool system
as well as individual components,
electronics boards, and subassemblies
deliver exceptional tool performance
in challenging conditions. Extended
single-trip survey programs are possible
166 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
with the industry’s longest holding time:
14 h at 450 degF [232 degC]. Even with
flasking, the slim-diameter, streamlined
profile of PressureXpress-HT service
greatly reduces the risk of tool sticking.
The dynamically controlled pres-
sure-pretest system incorporated in
PressureXpress-HT service enables
precise, real-time control of volume
and drawdown rates across a wide
mobility range. A pressure limit can
be set as necessary. The enhanced
pretest system makes pressure test-
ing possible in formations where con-
ventional hydraulic technology cannot
measure accurately because it allows
ultrasmall pretest volumes and mini-
mal flowline storage volume. The pres-
sure differential for drawdown is up
to 8,000 psi [55 MPa]. A dedicated
wellbore pressure gauge can be used
to develop procedures and algorithms
to overcome the supercharging effect
that commonly occurs in many low-
permeability applications. Multiple
pretests can be performed at a given
depth to verify the accuracy of a pres-
sure measurement without having to
cycle the tool, or they can be per-
formed at multiple depths to produce
a profile of pressure versus depth.
The resulting pressure profile can be
converted directly to the density of the
formation’s continuous fluid phase for
use in defining fluid contacts.
To select the candidate zones
for successful reservoir pressure
and fluid mobility measurement,
PressureXpress Advisor* pretest
quality indicator uses real-time data
from the logging string that the service
is run on. For pressure and gradient
analysis, InSitu Pro real-time quality
control and interpretation can be
performed. A concise wellsite report
is generated, with optional display of
other log data.
Applications ■ Heat-management-optimized design ■ Identification of depleted zones in
■ Accurate, fast pressure and for performing extended surveys at a wider mobility range
mobility measurements from high- the industry-leading holding time of ■ Measurement of reservoir fluid

temperature and low-permeability 14 h at 450 degF [232 degC] density with gradients and gas/oil/
environments ■ Pressure profiles and mobility water contacts
■ Measurements from the first
measurements to combine
logging run, in tool combinations with petrophysical, seismic,
with most wireline logging services and conventional log data for
developing a static reservoir model

Measurement Specifications
Output Formation pressure, fluid mobility
Logging speed Stationary
Set and retract time: 15 s
Range of measurement Max. measured overbalance: 8,000 psi [55 MPa]
Pretest volume: 0.1 to 37 cm³
Pretest rate: 0.02 to 2 cm³/s
Resolution Quartzdyne gauge: 0.01 psi [29 Pa/s]
Secondary Sapphire* gauge: 0.4 psi [276 Pa] at 1 Hz
Flowline temperature: 0.18 degF [0.1 degC]
Accuracy Quartzdyne gauge: ±(0.02% of full scale + 0.01% of reading)
Secondary Sapphire gauge: ±(5 psi [34 kPa] + 0.01% of reading)
Flowline temperature: ±3.6 degF [±2 degC]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Combinable with SlimXtreme platform and most openhole tools
Special applications High-temperature operations, slim wellbores

Mechanical Specifications
Temperature rating† 450 degF [232 degC] for 14 h
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4¾ in [12.07 cm]
Borehole size—max. 14.5 in [36.83 cm]
Outside diameter Tool: 3.75 in [9.53 cm]
Tool with bumpers or probe section without bumpers: 4.0625 in [10.32 cm]
Length 30.2 ft [9.2 m]
Weight 730 lbm [310 kg]
Tension 50,000 lbf [222,410 N]
Compression 22,000 lbf [97,860 N]
† For operations > 400 degF [204 degC], contact your Schlumberger representative for information on required operating procedures.

Formation Testing and Sampling 167

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

PressureXpress
Reservoir Pressure While Logging Service
PressureXpress reservoir pressure
while logging service collects pressure
and fluid mobility measurements dur-
ing the first logging run, bringing new
efficiency to formation pressure test-
ing. This streamlined service signifi-
cantly reduces both the time and risk
of employing conventional multifunc-
tion pressure testers that perform pre-
tests by taking formation fluid samples.
The dynamically controlled pres-
sure-pretest system integrated in
PressureXpress service enables pre-
cise control of volume and drawdown
rates over a wide mobility range, which
makes pressure testing possible in
many formations where conventional
technology cannot function. For low-
permeability rock, the standard probe
can be replaced with one of several
optional probes with effective inlet
areas up to 7.5 in2 [48.4 cm2]. A pres-
sure drawdown limit can also be set.
The pretest assembly is not linked to
the hydraulic anchoring system and is
therefore not susceptible to leaks, tool
movement, or other hydraulic affects
on testing. Multiple pretests can be
performed at a given depth to verify
the accuracy of a pressure measure-
ment without having to cycle the tool.
Pretests performed at multiple depths
are used to produce a pressure profile,
which can be converted directly to the
density of the formation’s continuous
fluid phase.
168 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
PressureXpress Advisor pretest
quality indicator analyzes real-time
data from the Platform Express
integrated wireline logging tool to
select candidate zones for successful
reservoir pressure and fluid mobil-
ity testing. For pressure and gradi-
ent analysis, interpretation can be
performed with InSitu Pro real-time
quality control and interpretation
software. A concise wellsite report
is generated, along with an optional
display of other log data.
Applications
■ Formation pressure and mobility
measurements on the first run
■ Determination of reservoir fluid
density, contacts, and gradients
■ Mobility and permeability
measurement to aid the selection
of sampling points
■ Identification of depleted zones,
thief zones, and zones to avoid
during fracture stimulation
operations
Measurement Specifications
PressureXpress Service
Output Formation pressure, fluid mobility (permeability/viscosity), fluid density
Logging speed Stationary
Range of measurement Max. measured overbalance:
XPT-B: 6,500 psi [44.8 MPa]
XPT-C: 8,000 psi [55 MPa]
Resolution Sapphire gauge: 0.04 psi [276 Pa]
CQG gauge: 0.005 psi [34 Pa] at 1-s gate time
Quartzdyne gauge: 0.01 psi/s [69 Pa/s]
Temperature: 0.01 degF [0.005 degC]
Accuracy Sapphire gauge: ±5 psi [±34 kPa]
CQG gauge: ±(2 psi [14 kPa] + 0.01% of reading)
Quartzdyne gauge: ±(0.02% of full scale + 0.01% of reading)
Temperature: ±1.0 degF [±0.5 degC]
Depth of investigation Probe extension beyond packer surface: 0.45 in [1.14 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Combinable with Platform Express tool
Special applications

Mechanical Specifications
XPT-B XPT-C
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC] 320 degF [160 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
With CQG gauge: 15,000 psi [103 MPa] With CQG gauge: 15,000 psi [103 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4.75 in [12.07 cm] 4.75 in [12.07 cm]
Borehole size—max. 14.5 in [36.83 cm] 14.5 in [36.83 cm]
Outside diameter Tool: 3.375 in [8.57 cm] Tool: 3.375 in [8.57 cm]
Probe section: 3.875 in [9.84 cm] Probe section: 3.875 in [9.84 cm]
Length 21.31 ft [6.49 m] 21.54 ft [6.57 m]
Weight 450 lbm [204 kg] 451 lbm [205 kg]
Tension 50,000 lbf [222,410 N] 50,000 lbf [222,410 N]
Compression 22,000 lbf [97,860 N] 22,000 lbf [97,860 N]

Formation Testing and Sampling 169

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

SRFT
Slimhole Repeat Formation Tester
The SRFT* slimhole repeat for-
mation tester—with a 3.375-in
[8.57‑cm] OD—brings wireline forma-
tion tester services to small-diameter
boreholes. It can also be run in wells
where conventional tools cannot oper-
ate because of abrupt changes in angle,
swelling formations, hole restrictions,
and other drilling problems.
The SRFT tester can be repeatedly
set and retracted during a single trip
in the well. The CQG crystal quartz
gauge is used to provide quick, accu-
rate pressure measurements. One seg-
regated sample can be recovered in a
sample bottle that is DOT approved
for transport. Alternatively, two fluid
samples can be recovered from two
different depths.
Sample chambers are available in
two sizes: 450 cm3 [0.12 galUS] and
23⁄8 galUS [9 L]. An optional water
cushion is used to reduce the shock
resulting from pressure drawdown
when a sample chamber is opened
for sampling.
Applications
■ Formation pressure measure-
ment in slim holes, short-radius
horizontal wells, and unstable
or restricted wells
■ Fluid sampling in slim holes,
short-radius horizontal wells,
and unstable or restricted wells

Measurement Specifications
SRFT Tester
Output Pressure measurement, fluid samples
Logging speed Stationary measurements
Range of measurement 0 to 20,000 psi [0 to 138 MPa] at up to
350 degF [177 degC]
Accuracy CQG gauge:
Accuracy: ±(2 psi [13,789 Pa] + 0.01% of reading)
Resolution: 0.02 psi [138 Pa] at 1-s gate time
Strain gauge: 5,000-, 10,000-, and 20,000-psi
[34-, 69-, and 138-MPa] ranges
Accuracy: ±0.1% of full scale
Resolution: 0.001% of full scale
Special applications Slim or restricted holes

170 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Mechanical Specifications
SRFT Tester
Standard Probe and Piston Telescoping Pistons (SRTP) Large-Hole Kit (SRLH)
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC] 350 degF [177 degC] 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min.† 4.125 in [10.48 cm] 4.8 in [12.19 cm]‡ 6.5 in [16.51 cm]‡
Borehole size—max. 6.3 in [16.00 cm] 7.8 in [19.81 cm] 9.8 in [24.89 cm]
Outside diameter Fully retracted: 3.375 in [8.57 cm] Fully retracted: 3.375 in [8.57 cm] Fully retracted: 4.5 in [11.43 cm]
Fully extended: 6.5 in [16.51 cm] Fully extended: 8.0 in [20.32 cm] Fully extended: 10.0 in [25.40 cm]
Length 22.23 ft [6.77 m] 22.23 ft [6.77 m] 22.23 ft [6.77 m]
Weight 455 lbm [206 kg] 455 lbm [206 kg] 455 lbm [206 kg]
Tension 35,000 lbf [155,690 N] 35,000 lbf [155,690 N] 35,000 lbf [155,690 N]
Compression 3,900 lbf [17,350 N] 3,900 lbf [17,350 N] 3,900 lbf [17,350 N]
† Minimum borehole size is dependent on the borehole conditions and whether the SRFT tester is run on cable or pipe.
‡ If an SRFT tester with telescoping pistons is set in a hole smaller than recommended, the larger section of the telescoping pistons will touch the borehole. Standoffs should be used in this case.

Sample Chamber Specifications

SRSU-AA with MPSR-BA† SRSC-AA Water Cushion (SRSW-AA)
Capacity 450 cm3 [0.12 galUS] 2.375 galUS [9.0 L] 2.375 galUS [9.0 L]
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC] 350 degF [177 degC] 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]‡ 20,000 psi [138 MPa]‡ 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Outside diameter 3.375 in [8.57 cm] 3.375 in [8.57 cm] 3.375 in [8.57 cm]
Length 4.45 ft [1.36 m] 9.31 ft [2.84 m] 9.11 ft [2.78 m]
Weight 106 lbm [48 kg] 97 lbm [44 kg] 91 lbm [41 kg]§
Special applications DOT-approved MPSR H₂S service H₂S service
H₂S service Optional water cushion for SRSC-AA
PVT samples
† The SRSU is only the carrier and also provides water cushion for the MPSR.
‡ Rated to 20,000 psi [138 MPa] for both internal and external pressure.
§ The SRSW filled with water weighs 111 lbm [50 kg].

Formation Testing and Sampling 171

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

CHDT
Cased Hole Dynamics Tester
The technologically advanced CHDT
cased hole dynamics tester, a compo-
nent of the ABC analysis behind cas-
ing services suite of services, makes
multiple pressure measurements and
collects fluid samples from behind
a cased wellbore. Developed with
support from the Gas Technology
Insti­tute (GTI), the CHDT tester has
the unique ability to drill through a
cased borehole and into the forma-
tion, acquire multiple pressure mea-
surements, recover high-quality fluid
samples, and then plug the hole made
in the casing to restore pressure integ-
rity—in a single trip. The restor­ation
of pressure integrity saves the costs
associated with conventional plug-set-
ting runs, cement-squeeze operations,
pressure tests, and scraper runs as
well as the rig costs associated with
these operations.
The tool seals against the casing
and uses a flexible drill shaft to
penetrate both the casing and cement
and into the formation. As the drill
penetrates the target, the integrated
instrument package simultaneously
monitors pressure, fluid resistivity, and
drilling parameters. This additional
information about the casing/cement/
formation interfaces enables real-time
quality control of the operation.
The CHDT tester is combinable
with MDT tester modules in 65⁄8‑in
[16.83‑cm] and larger casing. The
module combinations are used to
perform high-quality single-phase
172 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
sampling, enhanced fluid identification,
and contamination monitoring, which
were previously possible only for
openhole applications. In combination
with the other through-casing
formation evaluation tools in the ABC
services suite—CHFR-Plus cased hole
form­ation resistivity tool, RSTPro reser­
voir saturation tool, CHFD cased hole
formation density service, CHFP cased
hole formation porosity service, Sonic
Scanner acoustic scanning platform,
and DSI dipole shear sonic imager—the
CHDT tester delivers comprehensive
reservoir analysis behind casing.
Applications
■ Evaluation of old wells for bypassed
hydrocarbons
■ Development of critical economic
data for well evaluation
■ Reduced risk alternative to open-
hole formation testing under
difficult conditions
■ Pressure monitoring during water,
steam, and CO2 injection
■ Identification of collector zones
in gas storage wells
■ Stress testing and leakoff
evaluation in cased holes
■ Production and injection through
known-diameter drillholes
Measurement Specifications
CHDT Tester
Output Behind-casing pressure measurement, PVT and conventional fluid samples, fluid mobility
Logging speed Stationary
Accuracy CQG gauge: ±(2 psi [13,789 Pa] + 0.01% of reading) (accuracy),
0.008 psi [55 Pa] at 1.3-s gate time (resolution)
Depth of drillhole 6 in [152 mm] (max. from casing)
Drillhole diameter 0.281 in [7.137 mm]
Pretest volume 6.1 in3 [100 cm3]
Limitations Max. casing thickness: 0.625 in [1.59 cm] in 13⅜-in casing
Combinability MDT tester modules,† another CHDT tester, most other tools
Special applications Up to six holes drilled and plugged per run‡
H₂S service
Fluid identification (resistivity and LFA live fluid analyzer)
† Combinable with MDT tester modules in 6⅝-in [16.83-cm] and larger casing
‡ Formation and casing dependent

Mechanical Specifications
CHDT Tester
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Max. underbalance: 4,000 psi [27 MPa]
Plug rating: 10,000 psi [69 MPa] (bidirectional)
Casing size—min. 5½ in [13.97 cm]
Casing size—max. 9⅝ in [24.45 cm]
Outside diameter 4.25 in [10.79 cm]
Length Pressure measurement only: 34.1 ft [10.4 m]
Optional sample chamber: 9.7 ft [2.96 m]
Weight Depends on configuration
Tension Depends on configuration
Compression Depends on configuration

Formation Testing and Sampling 173

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

XL-Rock
Large-Volume Rotary Sidewall Coring Service
XL-Rock* large-volume rotary sidewall
coring service closes the gap between
core plugs from continuous conven-
tional core and wireline-conveyed
rotary sidewall cores by retrieving
up to fifty 1.5-in-OD by 2.5- to 3.5-in-
long sidewall core samples in a single
descent. These large-volume core sam-
ples deliver a rock volume equivalent
to or larger than that of conventional
core plugs. The industry’s standard
sample size is matched or exceeded
for routine (RCAL) and most special
core analysis (SCAL) measurements
with delivery in less time and at lower
cost than conventional coring. At more
than 3 times the rock volume of stan-
dard 0.92-in-diameter sidewall cores,
XL-Rock sidewall core samples recover
a sufficient volume of rock to extract
three triaxial minicores for full analy-
sis of completion quality, which previ-
ously required conventional coring. In
addition, XL-Rock service provides the
flexibility to core multiple intervals in
the same descent, which is not possible
with conventional coring.
Ruggedized electronics provide
additional capabilities in retrieving
the larger rock samples. Compatibility
with the latest Schlumberger telemetry
systems accesses features such as the
GPIT general purpose inclinometry tool
and standard electronically controlled
release device (ECRD) that were
previously reserved for sophisticated
logging toolstrings. The ability to record
gamma ray measurements in the
background both saves time otherwise
spent on correlation and improves the
depth accuracy of every core. Physical
drilling parameters, such as weight
on bit, are under real-time control to
ensure that XL-Rock service is coring at
174 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
the optimal settings for every core point.
Powered by an in-house hydraulic motor,
XL-Rock service efficiently recovers
high-quality cores across a wide variety
of lithologies, from hard, brittle igneous
rocks to friable sandstones, carbonates,
and shale plays.
Operational risk is greatly reduced
for XL-Rock service. Not only is it the
shortest rotary sidewall coring tool
in the market today, at only 37 ft in
length, but the shaft attached to the
core bit has a special built-in safety
feature to enable controlled release of
the core bit if the bit becomes stuck
in the formation. Compatibility with
the ECRD also greatly increases the
amount of pull allowed on the wireline
cable, further reducing the chance of
a stuck tool.
Applications
■ Geomechanics
■ Relative permeability
■ Mineralogy: X-ray diffraction,
scanning electron microscopy,
isotopes
■ Petrographic description
■ Source rock and oil
characterization
■ Log calibration: grain density,
resistivity m and n exponents,
nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR) T2 cutoff, mineralogy
and total organic carbon (TOC),
and mechanical properties to
acoustic logs
■ Grain-size analysis
■ Reservoir storage capacity
■ Reservoir flow capacity
■ Capillary pressure characteristics
Measurement Specifications
XL-Rock Service
Output Sidewall core samples
Logging speed Stationary
Avg. coring time: 3–8 min per sidewall core†
Range of measurement Sidewall core size:
1.5-in [3.81-cm] diameter × 2.5-in [6.35-cm] long (50 per descent)
1.5-in diameter × 3.0-in [7.62-cm] long (50 per descent)
1.5-in diameter × 3.5-in [8.89-cm] long (44 per descent)
Mud type or weight limitations None
Special applications Conveyance on wireline, drillpipe with the TLC tough logging conditions system, and coiled tubing
† Lithology dependent

Mechanical Specifications
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]†
Pressure rating Standard: 25,000 psi [173 MPa]
High pressure: 30,000 psi [207 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 7.5 in [19.05 cm]
Borehole size—max. 19 in [49.53 cm]
Outside diameter 6.5 in [16.51 cm]‡
Length 36.5 ft [11.2 m]
Weight (in air) 970 lbm [440 kg]
Tension 22,900 lbf [101,860 N]
Compression 12,500 lbf [55,600 N]
† Can be run at 400 degF [204 degC] with a Dewar flask
‡ At the coring bit assembly

Formation Testing and Sampling 175

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

MSCT
Mechanical Sidewall Coring Tool
The standard configuration of the rotary Applications
MSCT mechanical sidewall coring tool ■ Lithology analysis
recovers 50 core samples. Optional
■ Secondary porosity analysis
configurations for recovering 75 core
or 20 core-catcher (dictated by core- ■ Porosity and permeability

catcher capacity) samples are available. determination

Each sample is isolated for positive ■ Confirmation of hydrocarbon shows
identification, and a summary output at ■ Determination of clay content
surface lists all samples with the exact
■ Determination of grain density
depth and time that each was taken.
The real-time display at the logging ■ Lithology determination

unit confirms proper tool operation ■ Detection of fracture occurrence

and sample acquisition. The MSCT
tool is run in combination with a
gamma ray tool to correlate with
openhole logs for accurate, real-time
depth control of the coring points.

Measurement Specifications
MSCT Tool
Output Sidewall core samples†
Logging speed Stationary
Coring time (avg.): 3 to 5 min per core
Range of measurement Core size: 2 in [50.8 mm] long × 0.92 in
[23.4 mm] diameter
Depth of core sample Core length: 1.5 or 1.75 in [38.1 or 44.4 mm]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Special applications
† The MCFU-AA is used for 50 cores per descent and the MCCU is used for 20 cores per descent.

Mechanical Specifications
MSCT Tool
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]†
Pressure rating Standard: 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
High pressure: 25,000 psi [172 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 6¼ in [15.87 cm]
Borehole size—max. 19 in [48.26 cm]
Outside diameter 5.375 in [13.65 cm]‡
Length 31.29 ft [9.54 m]
Weight 750 lbm [340 kg]§
Tension 22,900 lbf [101,860 N]
Compression 12,500 lbf [55,600 N]
† The MSCT-A can be run at 400 degF [204 degC] with a Dewar flask (UDFH-KF).
Successful jobs have also been performed at 425 degF [218 degC].
‡ With the standoffs removed, the MSCT tool can be stripped down to 5 in [12.70 cm] and run in 5⅞-in [14.92-cm] holes.
§ The sonde weighs 580 lbm [263 kg].

176 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

CST
Chronological Sample Taker
The CST* chronological sample taker The guns vary in the number of bul-
can collect up to 90 core samples in lets per gun. Bullet designs are avail-
one trip using a series of core recovery able for optimal core recovery in various
bullets. This percussion-type gun is ranges of formation consolidation. The
accurately depth positioned by using recovered samples are usually large
an SP or gamma ray log. A surface- enough for conducting core analysis.
controlled, electrically ignited powder
charge fires a hollow cylindrical bul-
let into the formation at each sample Applications
depth. Each bullet is attached by two ■ Porosity measurement
retaining wires to the gun; these are ■ Permeability estimate
used to retrieve the bullet and core. ■ Lithology identification
The wires have a breaking strength of
■ Grain size, density, and shape
approximately 1,800 lbf [8,000 N] to
release the gun from the core bullet, indication
which prevents a stuck core resulting ■ Hydrocarbon identification

in a stuck CST sample taker. ■ Oil, gas, and water volume estimates

Measurement Specifications
CST Sample Taker
Output Sidewall cores
Logging speed Stationary
Mud type or weight limitations Hydrostatic pressure and formation characteristics determine
charge selection
Combinability Usually run with PGGT* powered gun gamma tool for correlation
Up to 3 guns can be used to collect a maximum of 90 core samples
Special applications H₂S service

Mechanical Specifications
CST Sample Taker
Temperature rating Explosive charges: 280 degF [138 degC]
for 1 h or 450 degF
[232 degC] for 1 h
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min.† 4⅛ in [10.48 cm]
Borehole size—max.† 25 in [63.50 cm]
Outside diameter† 3.375 to 5.25 in [8.57 to 13.33 cm]
Length† 6.83 to 17.08 ft [2.08 to 5.21 m]
Weight† 125 to 406 lbm [57 to 184 kg]
Tension 50,000 lbf [222,410 N]
Compression 23,000 lbf [102,310 N]
† Depends on the gun, see “CST Sample Taker Specifications”

Formation Testing and Sampling 177

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

CST Sample Taker Specifications
CST-AA CST-BA CST-C CST-DA CST-G CST-G60N CST-G60P CST-G60Y
Core samples 30 30 30 30 30 60 60 60
Temperature rating 450 degF [232 degC] 450 degF [232 degC] 450 degF [232 degC] 280 degF [138 degC] 280 degF [138 degC] 280 degF [138 degC] 280 degF [138 degC] 280 degF [138 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 8½ in [21.59 cm] 8½ in [21.59 cm] 8½ in [21.59 cm] 8½ in [21.59 cm] 5½ in [13.97 cm] 5½ in [13.97 cm] 5½ in [13.97 cm] 6⅛in [15.55 cm]
Borehole size—max. 25 in [63.50 cm] 25 in [63.50 cm] 25 in [63.50 cm] 25 in [63.50 cm] 12½ in [31.75 cm] 12½ in [31.75 cm] 12½ in [31.75 cm] 12½ in [31.75 cm]
Outside diameter 5.25 in [13.33 cm] 4.5 in [11.43 cm] 5.25 in [13.33 cm] 4.5 in [11.43 cm] 4 in [10.16 cm] 4 in [10.16 cm] 4 in [10.16 cm] 4.375 in [11.11 cm]
Length 9.08 ft [2.77 m] 7.92 ft [2.41 m] 7.86 ft [2.39 m] 11.42 ft [3.48 m] 9.50 ft [2.89 m] 17.08 ft [5.21 m] 17.08 ft [5.21 m] 16.71 ft [5.09 m]
Weight 262 lbm [119 kg] 229 lbm [104 kg] 200 lbm [91 kg] 326 lbm [148 kg] 175 lbm [79 kg] 308 lbm [140 kg] 308 lbm [140 kg] 308 lbm [140 kg]

CST Sample Taker Specifications

CST-GY CST-J CST-U CST-V CST-W CST-Y CST-Z
Core samples 30 25 24 21 12 21 30
Temperature rating 280 degF [138 degC] 450 degF [232 degC] 450 degF [232 degC] 450 degF [232 degC] 450 degF [232 degC] 450 degF [232 degC] 450 degF [232 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 6⅛ in [15.56 cm] 4⅛ in [10.46 cm] 5½ in [13.97 cm] 5½ in [13.97 cm] 4¾ in [12.07 cm] 5½ in [13.97 cm] 8½ in [21.59 cm]
Borehole size—max. 12½ in [31.75 cm] 10 in [25.40 cm] 12½ in [31.75 cm] 12½ in [31.75 cm] 12½ in [31.75 cm] 12½ in [31.75 cm] 25 in [63.50 cm]
Outside diameter 4.375 in [11.11 cm] 3.375 in [8.57 cm] 4.375 in [11.11 cm] 4.375 in [11.11 cm] 4.375 in [11.11 cm] 4.375 in [11.11 cm] 5.25 in [13.33 cm]
Length 9.50 ft [2.89 m] 12.92 ft [3.93 m] 6.83 ft [2.08 m] 7.60 ft [2.32 m] 8.08 ft [2.46 m] 7.60 ft [2.32 m] 11.42 ft [3.48 m]
Weight 175 lbm [79 kg] 187 lbm [85 kg] 125 lbm [57 kg] 168 lbm [76 kg] 148 lbm [67 kg] 168 lbm [76 kg] 406 lbm [184 kg]

178 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Well Integrity
Evaluation

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Isolation Scanner cement evaluation
service combines classic pulse-echo
technology with a new ultrasonic
technique—flexural wave imaging—
to accurately evaluate any type of
cement, from traditional slurries and
heavy cements to the latest light-
weight cements. This innovative
method provides real-time informa-
tion on cement jobs in a wider range
of conditions than previously possible
with conventional technologies.
In addition to confirming the
effectiveness of a cement job for zonal
isolation, Isolation Scanner service
pinpoints any channels in the cement.
The tool’s azimuthal and radial coverage
readily differentiates low-density solids
from liquids to distinguish lightweight
cements from contaminated cement
and liquids. The service also provides
detailed images of casing centralization
and identifies corrosion or drilling-
induced wear through measurement
of the inside diameter and thickness of
the casing.
Flexural wave imaging is used
by Isolation Scanner service as a
significant complement to pulse-echo
acoustic impedance measurement.
It relies on the pulsed excitation
and propagation of a casing flexural
mode, which leaks deep-penetrating
acoustic bulk waves into the annulus.
Attenuation of the first casing
arrival, estimated at two receivers,
is used to unambiguously determine
the state of the material coupled
to the casing as solid, liquid, or gas
Wireline Services Catalog ■ Well Integrity Evaluation 181
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Isolation Scanner
Cement Evaluation Service
(SLG). Third‑interface reflection
echoes arising from the annulus/
formation interface yield additional
characterization of the cased hole
environment:
■ acoustic velocity (P or S) of the
annulus material
■ position of the casing within the
borehole or a second casing string
■ geometrical shape of the wellbore.
Vertical sampling is selectable to
as low as 0.6 in [1.52 cm], and the
azimuthal resolution has a maximum
of 10°. Because acoustic impedance
and flexural attenuation are indepen-
dent measurements, their combined
analysis provides borehole fluid prop-
erties, not requiring a separate fluid-
property measurement.
Applications
■ Differentiate high-performance
lightweight cements from liquids
■ Map annulus material as SLG
■ Assess hydraulic isolation
■ Image channels and defects
in annular isolating material
■ Visualize position of casing
in the borehole
■ Assess annulus beyond casing/
cement interface
■ Determine casing internal
diameter and thickness
■ Determine depth for sidetracking
and casing milling
Measurement Specifications
Isolation Scanner Service
Output† Solid-liquid-gas map of annulus material, hydraulic communication map, acoustic impedence,
flexural attenuation, rugosity image, casing thickness image, internal radius image
Logging speed Standard resolution (6 in, 10° sampling): 2,700 ft/h [823 m/h]
High resolution (0.6 in, 5° sampling): 563 ft/h [172 m/h]
Range of measurement Min. casing thickness: 0.15 in [0.38 cm]
Max. casing thickness: 0.79 in [2.01 cm]
Vertical resolution High resolution: 0.6 in [1.52 cm]
High speed: 6 in [15.24 cm]
Accuracy‡ Acoustic impedance:§ 0 to 10 Mrayl (range); 0.2 Mrayl (resolution);
0 to 3.3 Mrayl = ±0.5 Mrayl, >3.3 Mrayl = ±15% (accuracy)
Flexural attenuation:†† 0 to 2 dB/cm (range), 0.05 dB/cm (resolution), ±0.01 dB/cm (accuracy)
Depth of investigation Casing and annulus up to 3 in [7.62 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations‡‡ Conditions simulated before logging
Combinability Bottom only, combinable with most wireline tools
Telemetry: fast transfer bus (FTB) or enhanced FTB (EFTB)
Special applications H₂S service
† Investigation of annulus width depends on the presence of third-interface echoes. Analysis and processing beyond cement evaluation can yield additional answers through additional outputs,
including the Variable Density log of the annulus waveform and polar movies in AVI format.
‡ 8-mm calibration target
§ Differentiation of materials by acoustic impedance alone requires a minimum gap of 0.5 Mrayl between the fluid behind the casing and a solid.
†† For 0.3-in [8-mm] casing thickness
‡‡ Max. mud weight depends on the mud formulation, sub used, and casing size and weight, which are simulated before logging.

Mechanical Specifications
Isolation Scanner Service
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Casing size—min.† 4½ in (min. pass-through restriction: 4 in [10.16 cm])
Casing size—max.† 13⅜ in
Outside diameter IBCS-A: 3.375 in [8.57 cm]
IBCS-B: 4.472 in [11.36 cm]
IBCS-C: 6.657 in [16.91 cm]
IBCS-D: 8.736 in [22.19 cm]
Length Without sub: 19.73 ft [6.01 m]
IBCS-A sub: 2.01 ft [0.61 m]
IBCS-B sub: 1.98 ft [0.60 m]
IBCS-C sub: 1.98 ft [0.60 m]
IBCS-D sub: 1.98 ft [0.60 m]
Weight Without sub: 333 lbm [151 kg]
IBCS-A sub: 16.75 lbm [7.59 kg]
IBCS-B sub: 20.64 lbm [9.36 kg]
IBCS-C sub: 23.66 lbm [10.73 kg]
IBCS-D sub: 24.55 lbm [11.13 kg]
Sub max. tension 2,250 lbf [10,000 N]
Sub max. compression 12,250 lbf [50,000 N]
† Limits for casing size depend on the sub used. Data can be acquired in casing larger than 9⅝ in with low-attenuation mud (e.g., water, brine).

182 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Cement bond tools measure the bond
between the casing and the cement
placed in the annulus between the
casing and the wellbore. The mea-
surement is made by using acoustic
sonic and ultrasonic tools. In the case
of sonic tools, the measurement is
usually displayed on a cement bond
log (CBL) in millivolt units, decibel
attenuation, or both. Reduction of the
reading in millivolts or increase of the
decibel attenuation is an indication of
better-quality bonding of the cement
behind the casing to the casing wall.
Factors that affect the quality of the
cement bonding are
■ cement job design and execution
as well as effective mud removal
■ compressive strength of the
cement in place
■ temperature and pressure
changes applied to the casing
after cementing
■ epoxy resin applied to the outer
wall of the casing.
SlimXtreme Sonic
Logging Tool
The SlimXtreme Sonic Logging Tool
(QSLT) is a digital sonic tool for
evaluating the cement bond quality
of cemented casing in high-pressure
and high-temperature slim holes. The
QSLT provides conventional openhole
sonic measurements, standard CBL
amplitude and Variable Density log
(VDL), and attenuation measure-
ments, which are less affected by the
borehole environmental conditions.
Well Integrity Evaluation 183
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Cement Bond Logging Tools
The QSLT can also make a short-
spacing (1-ft [0.30-m]) CBL measure-
ment for cement evaluation in fast
formations. The two transmitters and
six receivers of the QSLT sonde have
transmitter–receiver spacings of 1,
3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5 ft [0.30, 0.91, 1.07,
1.22, 1.37, and 1.52 m] to compute the
following:
■ standard 3-ft CBL and 5-ft VDL
measurements
■ borehole-compensated (BHC)
attenuation from the 3.5- and
4.5-ft-spacing receivers
■ near-pseudoattenuation from the
3-ft-spacing receivers
■ short-spacing attenuation from the
1-ft-spacing receiver for cement
bond measurement in fast forma-
tions that may affect the standard
3-ft spacing.
Cement bond log from
Digital Sonic Logging Tool
The Digital Sonic Logging Tool (DSLT)
uses the Sonic Logging Sonde (SLS)
to measure the cement bond ampli-
tude and provide a VDL display for
evaluation of the cement bond qual-
ity of a cemented casing string. VDL
DSLT
or x-y waveform display of the sonic
signal is presented in conjunction with
the bond index and amplitude signal. Memory Slim
The DSLT is also used in the open QSLT
CBL Tool
borehole environ­ment for conventional SCMT
sonic measure­ments of BHC (3- to 5-ft)
transit time and long-spacing
depth-derived BHC (DDBHC) (9- to HSLT
11-ft [2.74 to 3.35-m]) transit time.
Cement bond log from the zone of interest for cement evalu- tool simultaneously records gamma ray,
ation. The SCMT is capable of running casing collar location, pressure, tem-
Hostile Environment through most tubings to evaluate the perature, and waveforms in a single pass,
Sonic Logging Tool casing below. In new wells the SCMT is with the waveforms fully digitized down-
The Hostile Environment Sonic an excellent tool for evaluating casing hole. More than 40 h of combined tool
Logging Tool (HSLT) provides the that is 75⁄8 in [19.36 cm] or less. running time is possible, including 16 h
same measurements of the cement The SCMT features a single trans- of continuous waveform recording time.
bond amplitude and Variable Density mitter, two receivers spaced at 3 and Depth-recording systems are available
log for evaluation of the cement bond 5 ft from the transmitter, and eight for both hazardous and nonhazardous
quality of a cemented casing string as segmented receivers 2 ft [0.61 m] from environments.
the QSLT in standard-diameter wells the transmitter. The output of the near The Memory Slim CBL Tool can be
at high pressure and high temperature. (3-ft) receiver is used for CBL and run with other PS Platform production
transit-time measurement. The out- logging tools for complete well and
put of the far (5-ft) receiver is used reservoir evaluation in one descent.
Slim Cement Mapping Tool for the VDL measurement. The eight The tools and sensors can be conveyed
segmented receivers generate a radial in the borehole by drillpipe, coiled tub-
The Slim Cement Mapping Tool image of the cement bond variation. ing, slickline, or unintelligent tractor.
(SCMT) is a through-tubing cement Software for the PS Platform platform
evaluation tool combinable with the is used to perform onsite data process-
PS Platform production logging platform
for a variety of well diagnostics. The
Memory Slim Cement Bond ing or any necessary postprocessing
Logging Tool and prepare the log presentation.
two sizes are 111⁄16 in [4.29 cm] for the
standard (302 degF [150 degC]) tem- The Memory Slim Cement Bond
perature rating and 21⁄16 in [5.24 cm] Logging Tool provides through-tubing Applications
with a 392 degF [200 degC] tempera- 3-ft CBL and 5-ft VDL measurements ■ Evaluation of cement quality
ture rating. The SCMT is suitable for with the same accuracy and quality as ■ Determination of zone isolation
running workover operations and in new surface-readout logs. Because of its slim
■ Location of cement top
wells. SCMT operations provide a clear size, the 111⁄16-in tool can be run into
advantage in workover wells because the zone of interest without having to
there is no need to pull tubing above remove the tubing from the well. The

Measurement Specifications
QSLT
Output 3-ft [0.91-m] CBL and attenuation,
1-ft [0.30-m] attenuation, 5-ft [1.52-m]
Variable Density log
DSLT HSLT SCMT-C and SCMT-H Memory Slim CBL Tool
3-ft [0.91-m] amplitude CBL 3-ft [0.91-m] amplitude CBL, 5-ft [1.52-m] 3-ft [0.91-m] amplitude CBL, 5-ft [1.52-m] 3-ft [0.91-m] CBL, 5-ft [1.52-m]
With SLS-C and SLS-D: 5-ft [1.52-m] Variable Density log Variable Density log, cement bond variation map Variable Density log, gamma ray, CCL,
Variable Density log traveltime, cement compressive strength

Logging speed 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h] 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h] 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h] 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h] 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]

Vertical resolution Near attenuation: 1 ft [0.30 m] CBL: 3 ft [0.91 m] CBL: 3 ft [0.91 m] CBL: 3 ft [0.91 m] CBL: 3 ft [0.91 m]
CBL: 3 ft [0.91 m] VDL: 5 ft [1.52 m] VDL: 5 ft [1.52 m] VDL: 5 ft [1.52 m] VDL: 5 ft [1.52 m]
VDL: 5 ft [1.52 m] Cement bond variation map: 2 ft [0.61 m]

Depth of investigation CBL: Casing and cement interface CBL: Casing and cement interface CBL: Casing and cement interface CBL: Casing and cement interface CBL: Casing and cement interface
VDL: Depends on bonding and formation VDL: Depends on bonding and formation VDL: Depends on bonding and formation VDL: Depends on bonding and formation VDL: Depends on bonding and formation

Mud type or weight limitations None None None None None

Combinability Part of SlimXtreme platform Combinable with most tools Part of Xtreme platform, Combinable with PS Platform platform Combinable with PS Platform platform
combinable with most tools

Special applications Logging through drillpipe, tubing, Logging through drillpipe, tubing, Logging through drillpipe, tubing,
and in small casing and in small casing and in small casing
Fast formations Fast formations

Mechanical Specifications
QSLT DSLT HSLT SCMT-C and SCMT-H Memory Slim CBL Tool
Temperature rating 500 degF [260 degC] 302 degF [150 degC] 500 degF [260 degC] SCMT-C: 302 degF [150 degC] 302 degF [150 degC]
SCMT-H: 392 degF [200 degC]

Pressure rating 30,000 psi [207 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 25,000 psi [172 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa]

Casing size—min. 4½ in [11.43 cm] 5½ in [13.97 cm] 5½ in [13.97 cm] SCMT-C: 2⅜ in [6.03 cm] 2⅞ in [7.30 cm]
SCMT-H: 2⅞ in [7.30 cm]

Casing size—max. 8⅝ in [21.91 cm] 13⅜ in [33.97 cm] 13⅜ in [33.97 cm] 7⅝ in [19.37 cm] 7⅝ in [19.37 cm]

Outside diameter 3 in [7.62 cm] 3.625 in [9.21 cm] 3.875 in [9.84 cm] SCMT-C: 1.6875 in [4.29 cm] 1.6875 in [4.29 cm]
SCMT-H: 2.06 in [5.23 cm]

Length Without inline centralizer: 23 ft [7 m] With SLS-E: 20.63 ft [6.29 m] 25.5 ft [7.77 m] SCMT-C: 23.45 ft [7.14 m] 23.45 ft [7.15 m]
With inline centralizer: 29.9 ft [9.11 m] With SLS-F: 23.81 ft [7.26 m] SCMT-H: 28.85 ft [8.79 m]

Weight† 270 lbm [122 kg] With SLS-E: 313 lbm [142 kg] 440 lbm [199 kg] SCMT-C: 100 lbm [45 kg] 100.2 lbm [45.4 kg]
With SLS-F: 353 lbm [160 kg] SCMT-H: 162 lbm [73 kg]

Tension 13,000 lbf [57,830 N] 29,700 lbf [132,110 N] 20,000 lbf [88,960 N] 5,900 lbf [26,240 N] 5,900 lbf [26,240 N]

Compression 4,400 lbf [19,570 N] 2,870 lbf [12,270 N] 6,000 lbf [26,690 N] 150 lbf [670 N] 150 lbf [670 N]
† In air

184 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

USI ultrasonic imager Applications
The USI ultrasonic imager uses a single ■ Cement evaluation
transducer mounted on an Ultrasonic ■ Casing inspection
Rotating Sub (USRS) on the bottom – Corrosion detection and
of the tool. The transmitter emits monitoring
ultrasonic pulses between 200 and
700  kHz and measures the received – Detection of internal and
ultrasonic waveforms reflected from external damage or deformation
the internal and external casing – Casing thickness analysis for
interfaces. The rate of decay of the collapse and burst pressure
waveforms received indicates the calculations
quality of the cement bond at the
cement/casing interface, and the
resonant frequency of the casing
provides the casing wall thickness
required for pipe inspection. Because
the transducer is mounted on the
rotating sub, the entire circumference
of the casing is scanned. This 360°
data coverage enables evaluation of
the quality of the cement bond as well
as determination of the internal and
external casing condition. The very
high angular and vertical resolutions
can detect channels as narrow
as 1.2  in [3.05 cm]. Cement bond,
thickness, internal and external
radii, and self-explanatory maps are
generated in real time at the wellsite.

Well Integrity Evaluation 185

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
USI Imager
Output Acoustic impedance, cement bonding to casing, internal radius, casing thickness
Logging speed 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
Range of measurement Acoustic impedance: 0 to 10 Mrayl [0 to 10 MPa.s/m]
Vertical resolution Standard: 6 in [15.24 cm]
Accuracy Less than 3.3 Mrayl: ±0.5 Mrayl†
Depth of investigation Casing-to-cement interface
Mud type or weight limitations‡ Water-base mud: Up to 15.9 lbm/galUS
Oil-base mud: Up to 11.2 lbm/galUS
Combinability Bottom-only tool, combinable with most tools
Special applications Identification and orientation of narrow channels
† 8-mm calibration target
‡ Exact value depends on the type of mud system and casing size.

Mechanical Specifications
USI Imager
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Casing size—min. 4½ in [11.43 cm]
Casing size—max. 20 in [50.80 cm]
Outside diameter† 3.375 in [8.57 cm]
Length† 19.75 ft [6.02 m]
Weight† 333 lbm [151 kg]
Tension 40,000 lbf [177,930 N]
Compression 4,000 lbf [17,790 N]
† Excluding the rotating sub

USI Imager Rotating Sub Mechanical Specifications

USRS-AB USRS-A USRS-B USRS-C USRS-D USRS-E USRS-F†
Outside diameter 3.41 in 3.58 in 4.625 in 6.625 in 8.625 in 9.39 in 11.40 in
[8.66 cm] [9.09 cm] [11.75 cm] [16.83 cm] [21.91 cm] [23.85 cm] [28.96 cm]
Length 9.8 in 9.92 in 9.8 in 8.3 in 8.3 in 9.06 in 9.06 in
[24.89 cm] [25.20 cm] [24.89 cm] [21.08 cm] [21.08 cm] [23.01 cm] [23.01 cm]
Weight 7.7 lbm 7.7 lbm 10.6 lbm 15.0 lbm 18.3 lbm 17.64 lbm 20.06 lbm
[3.5 kg] [3.5 kg] [4.8 Kg] [6.8 kg] [8.3 kg] [8.0 kg] [9.1 kg]
† Logging in 20-in casing can be acquired with low-attenuation muds (e.g., water, brine).

186 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Electromagnetic Casing Inspection Tool
The EM Pipe Scanner electromagnetic
casing inspection tool uses noninva-
sive electromagnetic measurements to
evaluate the integrity of well casings by
locating, identifying, and quantifying
damage and corrosion.
Even while running in hole, the
EM Pipe Scanner tool delivers valu-
able monitoring data, recording a con-
tinuous log of the average casing inner
diameter and total metal thickness
in single or double casing strings at
speeds up to 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h].
This information is used to plan the
acquisition mode of the upward pass.
For logging in single casing strings,
the EM Pipe Scanner tool can be run
in two modes: casing inspection mode
at 1,800 ft/h [548 m/h] to identify any
potential corrosion issues and then, as
required, a slower diagnostic pass to
pinpoint the exact severity and nature
of the corrosion. In both modes a low-
EM Pipe Scanner
With a slim 2.125-in [5.4-cm] diam-
eter, the EM Pipe Scanner tool easily
passes through tubing to evaluate cas-
ing below the tubing shoe and quantify
metal loss in percentage and aver-
age ID of casing ranging from 27⁄8- to
133⁄8-in OD. The tool’s pad sensors azi-
muthally image casing up to 95⁄8-in OD.
The tool is fluid insensitive, operating
in liquid or gas environments.
Applications
■ Quantitative evaluation of corrosion
damage in single casing strings
■ Qualitative evaluation in multiple
casing strings
■ Corrosion rate estimates from time-
lapse comparison
■ Identification of casing corrosion
behind tubing
■ Casing inspection below tubing

frequency image and high-frequency string

image are produced. A detailed cas- ■ Determination of inner radius
ing summary report (CSR) is output behind scale
for single-string casing surveys, listing
average metal loss, maximum penetra-
tion, and histograms of the data joint
by joint.
The EM Pipe Scanner tool also pro-
vides measurements to evaluate and
identify corrosion in two concentric
completion strings such as casing and
tubing. The coil section of the tool
determines the total-metal electro-
magnetic thickness of both strings
combined but does not resolve the
thickness of each string individually.
Combined interpretation of the low-
frequency thickness image and the
high-frequency discrimination image
enables determination of whether an
observed metal loss is from the inner
tubing wall or elsewhere.

Well Integrity Evaluation 187

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
EM Pipe Scanner Tool
Output Electromagnetic thickness, casing ID, casing properties, high-
and low-frequency images, corrosion summary report†
Logging speed Electromagnetic computed thickness (ETHK) (single and double
strings): 3,600-ft/h [1,097-m/h] inspection pass for mandrel data
Imaging (single string):
1,800-ft/h [549-m/h] standard‑resolution inspection pass
300-ft/h [91-m/h] high‑resolution diagnostic pass
Range of measurement Maximum metal thickness‡: 1.5 in [3.81 cm] at 8.75 Hz
Resolution Attenuation < 60 dB: 1%
Electromagnetic thickness: 15%§
Accuracy Casing ID: ±0.5 in††
Mud type or weight limitations Any borehole fluid
Combinability All PS Platform platform tools
Multiple-tool answer products
Special applications NACE compliant for H₂S and CO₂ resistance
† Corrosion report for single casing strings
‡ Measurement depends on casing geometry, properties, and chrome content.
§ The resolution depends on the accuracy of casing electrical conductivity (sigma). The usual method is to use API specifications in a ”good“
casing section and adjust conductivity to match the nominal value, which has a typical 12.5% range (Oil Country Tubular Goods, API Spec 5CT,
Specification for Casing and Tubing)
†† Casing ID (dci) < 6 in and tool eccentered = [30% × (dci – 2.2 in)]

Mechanical Specifications
EM Pipe Scanner Tool
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC]
Pressure rating 15,000 psi [103 MPa]
Casing size—min. 2⅞ in (ID > 2.313 in)
Casing size—max. 13⅜ in for electromagnetic thickness
Outside diameter 2.125 in [5.4 cm]
Pad sensor arms 18 coupled
Max. diameter 9⅝-in casing
100% image coverage 7-in casing
Length 19.7 ft [6.0 m]
Weight 110 lbm [50 kg]
Tension Fishing: 10,000 lbf [44,480 N]
Compression Fishing: 3,000 lbf [13,340 N]

188 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 Corrosion Monitoring

UCI ultrasonic casing Applications

imager ■ Casing integrity evaluation
The UCI* ultrasonic casing imager ■ Identification, location, and

is an evolution of the USI ultrasonic quantification of casing corrosion

imager. The UCI imager provides all
the answers required to locate, iden-
tify, and quantify casing damage or
corrosion. The design is specifically
engineered for high-azimuthal-resolu-
tion images and detailed examination
of both the inner and outer surfaces
■ Estimated damage to casing
caused by milling, fishing, or
plastic deformation
■ Internal and external metal loss
■ Internal and external scale buildup
■ Location and identification of

of casing ranging from 4½ to 133⁄8  in perforated intervals

[11.43 to 33.97 cm], resulting in ■ Identification of holes in casing
improved echo detection. ■ Identification of casing profile
Full azimuthal coverage with a and weight changes
2-MHz focused ultrasonic transducer
■ Identification of centralizers
is  used to analyze the reflections.
Signal arrivals are analyzed to provide and other casing anomalies
the casing thickness and surface con-
dition images, and even small defects
on both internal and external casing
surfaces are quantified. An improved
centralization system ensures
proper centralization even in hori-
zontal wells, and eccentering effects
are reduced through wellsite signal
correction.

Well Integrity Evaluation 189

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
UCI Imager
Output Amplitude image, casing thickness image, internal radius image,
fluid velocity
Logging speed 3,000 ft/h [914 m/h]
High resolution: 400 ft/h [122 m/h]
Range of measurement Min. casing thickness:
In water = 0.15 in [0.38 cm]
In attenuating fluids, including oil-base mud = 0.2 in [0.51 cm]
Vertical resolution High resolution: 0.2 in [0.51 cm]
High speed (3,000 ft/h]: 1.5 in [3.81 cm]
Accuracy Internal radius: ±0.04 in [±1 mm]
Casing thickness: ±4%
Depth of investigation Thickness of casing
Mud type or weight limitations Oil-base mud: No solids
Water-base mud: Solids content < 5%
Combinability Bottom-only tool, combinable with most tools
Special applications H₂S service

Mechanical Specifications
UCI Imager
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Casing size—min.† 4½ in [11.43 cm]
Casing size—max.† 13⅜ in [33.97 cm]
Outside diameter USRS-AB: 3.41 in [8.66 cm]
USRS-A: 3.56 in [9.04 cm]
USRS-B: 4.65 in [11.81 cm]
USRS-C: 6.69 in [16.99 cm]
USRS-D: 8.66 in [22.00 cm]
Length Without sub: 19.73 ft [6.01 m]
Weight Without sub: 333 lbm [151 kg]
Tension 40,000 lbf [177,930 N]
Compression 4,000 lbf [17,790 N]
† Minimum and maximum casing sizes depend on the sub used.

190 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

PS Platform Multifinger
Imaging Tool
The PS Platform Multifinger Imaging
Tool (PMIT) is a multifinger caliper
tool that makes highly accurate radial
measurements of the inside diameter
of tubing and casing strings. The tool
is available in three sizes to address a
wide range of through-tubing and cas-
ing size applications.
The tool deploys an array of
hard-surfaced fingers, which accu-
rately monitor the inner pipe wall.
Eccentricity effects are minimized by
equal azimuthal spacing of the fingers
and a special processing algorithm.
The PMIT-B and PMIT-C tools incor-
porate powerful motorized centraliz-
ers to ensure effective centering force
even in highly deviated intervals. The
centralizers are equipped with rollers
to prevent casing and tubing damage.
The inclinometer in the tool provides
information on well deviation and tool
rotation. The PMIT-C tool can be fit-
ted with special extended fingers for
logging large-diameter casings. The
PMIT-A is similarly fitted with special
extended fingers for logging casing
through tubing. All versions of the
PMIT can be run in either real-time or
memory mode.

Applications
■ Identification and quantification
of corrosion damage
■ Identification of scale, wax,

and solids accumulation
■ Monitoring of anticorrosion

systems
■ Location of mechanical damage

■ Evaluation of corrosion increase

through periodic logs PMIT-C

■ Determination of absolute inside

diameter PMIT-B
PMIT-A

Well Integrity Evaluation 191

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
Output
Logging speed, ft/h [m/h]
Minimum measurable
casing ID, in [cm]
Maximum measurable
casing ID, in [cm]
Vertical resolution at
1,800 ft/h [529 m/h], in [mm]
Radial resolution, in [mm]
Accuracy, in [mm]
Relative bearing accuracy, °
Deviation accuracy at up
to 70° deviation, °
Depth of investigation
Borehole fluid limitations
Combinability
Special applications
PMIT-A
Internal casing image
from multiple internal
radius measurements
Standard: 1,800 [549]
Max.: 6,000 [1,829]
Standard or extended fingers: 2 [5.08]
Standard fingers: 4.5 [11.43]
Extended fingers: 7 [17.78]
0.082 [2.1]
Standard fingers: 0.004 [0.10]
Extended fingers: 0.007 [0.18]
Standard fingers: ±0.030 [±0.76]
Extended fingers: ±0.042 [±1.07]
±5
±5
Casing inside surface
None
Real time: combinable with all
PS Platform platform tools
Memory mode: stand alone
H₂S service
PMIT-B PMIT-C
Internal casing image Internal casing image
from multiple internal from multiple internal
radius measurements radius measurements
Standard: 1,800 [549] Standard: 1,800 [549]
Max.: 6,000 [1,829] Max.: 6,000 [1,829]
3 [7.62] Standard fingers: 5 [12.7]
Extended fingers: 8 [20.32]
7 [17.78] Standard fingers: 10 [25.4]
Extended fingers: 13 [33.02]
0.11 [2.8] 0.167 [4.24]
0.005 [0.13] Standard fingers: 0.007 [0.18]
Extended fingers: 0.009 [0.23]
±0.030 [±0.76] Standard fingers: ±0.030 [±0.76]
Extended fingers: ±0.050 [±1.3]
±5 ±5
±5 ±5
Casing inside surface Casing inside surface
None None
Real time: combinable with all Real time: combinable with all
PS Platform platform tools PS Platform platform tools
Memory mode: stand alone Memory mode: stand alone
Bottom-only tool
Extra centralizers required for
casing larger than 9⅝ in
H₂S service H₂S service

Mechanical Specifications
PMIT-A PMIT-B PMIT-C
Temperature rating, degF [degC] 302 [150] 302 [150] PMIT-CA: 302 [150]
PMIT-CB: 350 [177]
Pressure rating, psi [MPa] 15,000 [103] 15,000 [103] PMIT-CA: 15,000 [103]
PMIT-CB: 20,000 [138]
Outside diameter, in [cm] Standard or extended fingers: 2.75 [6.99] Standard fingers: 4 [10.16]
1.6875 [4.29] Extended fingers: 5.5 [13.97]
Fingers 24 40 60
Fingertip radius, in [mm] 0.06 [1.5] 0.05 [1.27] 0.06 [1.52]
Finger width, in [mm] 0.063 [1.6] 0.063 [1.6] 0.063 [1.6]
Length, ft [m] 11.88 [3.62] (with centralizers) 8.86 [2.70] 10.34 [3.15]
Weight, lbm [kg] 56.5 [26] (with centralizers) 87.4 [40] 120 [54]
Tensile strength, lbf [N] 10,000 [44,480] 10,000 [44,480] 10,000 [44,480]
Compressive strength, N [lbf] 1,850 [8,230] 2,500 [11,120] 2,500 [11,120]

192 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Production
Logging
Services

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


The Flow Scanner horizontal and
deviated well production logging
system deploys multiple minispin-
ners and arrays of electrical and opti-
cal probes across the vertical axis of
the wellbore, regardless of hole
deviation, to produce real-time mul-
tiphase velocity and holdup profiles.
Flow Scanner
Horizontal and Deviated Well
Production Logging System
Applications
■ Multiphase flow profiling in
nonvertical wells
■ Identification of fluid and gas
entry in multiphase wells and
of liquid entry in gas wells
■ Detection of fluid recirculation

Unlike conventional production log- ■ Stand-alone, real-time, three-

ging tools, which are designed with phase flow interpretation
a central, single spinner for use in
vertical or nearly vertical wells, the
Flow Scanner system provides a
complete flow analysis of complex
downhole environments, including
highly deviated wells.
As the tool is run eccentralized,
against the wellbore wall, the
innovative electrical probes of the
Flow Scanner system distinguish water
and hydrocarbon holdups. The optical
probes differentiate gas from liquid
holdups to enable the three-phase
measurement. All measurements are
made simultaneously in the same
vertical depth interval. The holdup
profiles are combined with the
multiphase velocity profile calculated
from the measured phase velocities
to determine relative volumetric flow
rates in real time.

Wireline Services Catalog ■ Production Logging Services 195

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
Flow Scanner System
Output Oil, gas, and water holdups; oil, gas,
and water velocities; relative bearing; caliper
Logging speed† 1,800, 3,600, 5,400, and 7,200 ft/h
[549, 1,097, 1,646, and 2,195 m/h]
Range of measurement Borehole coverage: 95% in 6-in- [15.24-cm-] ID casing
Vertical resolution Not applicable
Accuracy Three-phase holdup: ±10%
Velocity: ±10%
Depth of investigation Within the wellbore
Mud type or weight limitations Min. salinity for electrical probe measurement:
1,000 ppm at 212 degF [100 degC]
Combinability Combinable with PS Platform platform
and most cased hole tools
Special applications H₂S service
† In situ spinner calibration requires passes recorded at different logging speeds.

Mechanical Specifications
Flow Scanner System
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 15,000 psi [103 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 2⅞ in [7.30 cm]†
Borehole size—max. 9 in [22.86 cm]
Outside diameter 1.6875 in [4.29 cm]
High-temperature (>302 degF [>150 degC]):
2.25 in [5.72 cm]
Length Flow Scanner system tool:
11.6 ft [3.54 m]
With basic measurement sonde, swivel, and head:
26.2 ft [7.99 m]
Weight 108 lbm [49 kg]
Max. tension 10,000 lbf [44,480 N]
Max. compression 1,000 lbf [4,450 N]
† Min. restriction is 1.813 in [4.61 cm].

196 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


The integrated PS Platform produc-
tion services platform performs in
vertical, horizontal, or any angle of bore-
hole deviation to provide three-phase
flow profiles and production monitoring
or diagnostic information. Measurement
capability is in both real-time and
memory modes.
Three-phase flow profiles and res-
ervoir monitoring information are pro-
vided by the following sensors in the
PS Platform platform toolstring:
■ Platform Basic Measurement
Sonde (PBMS) houses the gamma
ray and casing collar locator for
correlation and also measures well
pressure and temperature.
■ Flow-Caliper Imaging Sonde (PFCS)
measures the average fluid veloc-
ity, water and hydrocarbon hold-
ups, and bubble counts from four
independent electrical probes. The
bubble count image is used to iden-
tify the first fluid entry. This com-
pact sonde—measuring only 5.2 ft
[1.58  m] long—provides an inte-
grated set of measurements for flow
rate evaluation. The position of the
sensors (only 1.3 ft [40 cm] from the
bottom of the toolstring) enables
accurate measurement even when
logging wells with a small sump.
The PFCS is also self-centering and
has several spinner and caliper set-
tings that are easily changed at the
wellsite to adapt to the range of
tubular and hole sizes to be tra-
versed during a survey. The tips
of the centralizer and caliper arm
can be equipped with either skids
or rollers for smooth conveyance
in both open and cased holes.
Spinner blades are available in
different sizes to log the normal
range of casing and borehole sizes.
The centralizer and caliper arm
provides an x-y measurement of
Production Logging Services 197
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
PS Platform
Production Services Platform
casing, tubing, or openhole diam-
eter with a resolution of 0.04 in
[1.0 mm]. This level of sensitivity
enables the examination of corro-
sion or defects such as splits or
separation in tubing and casing with
one trip into the wellbore.
■ Gradiomanometer specific gravity
profile tool (PGMS) measures the
average density of the wellbore fluid,
from which the water, oil, and gas
holdups are derived. An accelerome-
ter measurement provides deviation
correction for the measured fluid PBMS
density.
■ GHOST gas holdup optical sensor
tool uses four optical probes to mea-
sure gas and liquid holdups. The PGMS
certainty of the three-phase flow
rate determination and accuracy of
the final calculation are ensured by
the clear discrimination between
liquid and gas that GHOST tool mea-
surements provide.
■ FloView holdup measurement tool
PILS-A
incorporates four electrical probes
that can be used to measure water
and hydrocarbon holdups and
bubble counts in conjunction with
the PFCS electrical probes for
greater borehole coverage. This
additional information is especially
useful in horizontal wells, where
flow profiles are essential for
understanding surface production. FloView and
■ FloView Plus holdup measurement
FloView Plus
for highly deviated and horizontal
wells adds a FloView tool with the
electrical probes angularly offset
with respect to the primary FloView
tool in the toolstring. The FloView
Plus tool combination of two FloView
tools provides even better radial res-
GHOST-A
olution that is particularly useful in
horizontal or highly deviated wells
where segregated flow is suspected. PFCS
■ PS Platform Inline Spinner (PILS) is ■ UNIGAGE pressure gauge system SCMT slim cement mapping tool
■

an optional component for measuring (PUCS) provides an optional high-res- can be run in conjunction with the
bidirectional fluid velocity inside the olution pressure measurement. This PS  Platform platform for cement
tubing or as a backup spinner, nor- additional measurement capability is bond and Variable Density logs in
mally in higher flow rates. typically used to make transient mea- casing. A radial cement map is also
surements for reservoir characteriza- available in surface-readout mode.
tion and monitoring.

Measurement Specifications
PS Platform Production Logging Platform
Output Flow rate, fluid density, pressure, temperature, water holdup, gas holdup,
caliper, relative bearing, tool acceleration
With SCMT: CBL, VDL, surface-readout radial cement map
Logging speed Stationary to variable based on the application
Range of measurement See individual sensor listing
Accuracy See individual sensor listing
Depth of investigation Wellbore measurements
Mud type or weight limitations Relatively clean fluids
Combinability Combinable with SCMT tool and PS Platform Multifinger Imaging Tool (PMIT)
Special applications Conveyance on drillpipe, tubing, coiled tubing, or slickline

Mechanical Specifications
PS Platform Production Logging Platform
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC]
PILS: 350 degF [177 degC]
High-temperature† and memory (only PBMS, PFCS, and PGMS sensors): 374 degF [190 degC]
High-temperature† and surface readout (only PBMS, PFCS, and PGMS sensors): 392 degF [200 degC]
Pressure rating Sapphire gauge: 10,000 psi [69 MPa]
CQG and high-pressure Sapphire gauges: 15,000 psi [103 MPa]
Borehole size—min.‡ 2⅜ in [6.03 cm]
Borehole size—max. PFCS caliper: 11 in [27.94 cm]
Other sensors: No limit
Outside diameter Without rollers: 1.6875 in [4.29 cm]
With rollers: 2.125 in [5.40 cm]
High temperature: 2.06 in [5.23 cm]
Length§ PBMS: 8.27 ft [2.52 m]
PFCS: 5.14 ft [1.57 m]
PGMS: 4.8 ft [1.46 m]
GHOST tool: 7.1 ft [2.16 m]
FloView tool: 6.8 ft [2.07 m]
PILS: 3.1 ft [0.94 m]
UNIGAGE gauge: 4.2 ft [1.28 m]
Weight§ PBMS: 38.3 lbm [17.4 kg]
PFCS: 19.7 lbm [9.0 kg]
PGMS: 29.5 lbm [13.4 kg]
GHOST tool: 57.7 lbm [26.2 kg]
FloView tool: 16 lbm [7.3 kg]
PILS: 12.5 lbm [5.7 kg]
UNIGAGE gauge: 33 lbm [15 kg]
† High-temperature tools include the High-Temperature Basic Measurement Sonde (HBMS) and the High-Temperature Gradio flowmeter tool (HGFT).
These two components provide the same measurements as the PBMS, PGMS, and PFCS.
‡ Min. tubing size
§ The high-temperature tool (including all sensors) has a length of 23.94 ft [7.30 m] and a weight of 190.2 lbm [86.3 kg].

198 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Applications ■ Depth correlation
■ Three-phase production logging ■ Reservoir and production

– Vertical, deviated, and monitoring

horizontal wells ■ Time-lapse monitoring

– Combined with perforating for ■ Transient analysis

immediate flow rate analysis ■ Short periods of multilayer testing

– Stimulation evaluation ■ Cement bond evaluation

– Multirate production logging

PS Platform Production Logging Component Measurement Specifications

PBMS PFCS PGMS GHOST Tool
Output Pressure (Sapphire or CQG gauge), Fluid velocity, water holdup, Fluid density, Gas holdup, relative bearing,
temperature, gamma ray, CCL relative bearing, x-y dual caliper acceleration, deviation average caliper
Logging speed Based on application Based on application Based on application Based on application
Range of measurement Sapphire gauge: 1,000 to 10,000 psi Spinner: 0.5 to 200 rps 0 to 2.0 g/cm3 Gas holdup: 0 to 100%
[6.9 to 69 MPa] Caliper: 2 to 11 in [5.08 to 27.94 cm] Caliper: 2 to 9 in [5.08 to 22.86 cm]
High-pressure Sapphire gauge: (diameter)
1,000 to 15,000 psi [6.9 to 103 MPa]
CQG gauge: 14.5 to 15,000 psi [0.1 to 103 MPa]
Temperature: Ambient to 302 degF [150 degC]
Vertical resolution Point of measurement Point of measurement 15 in [38.10 cm] Point of measurement
Accuracy Sapphire gauge: ±6 psi [±41,370 Pa] (accuracy), Water holdup (Hw): ±5%, ±0.04 g/cm3 (accuracy), Gas holdup: ±5%
0.1 psi [689 Pa] at 1-s gate time (resolution) ±2% for Hw > 90%, 0.002 g/cm3 (resolution) without probe protector,
High-pressure Sapphire gauge: ±13 psi [±89,632 Pa] ±10% in oil-continuous phase ±7% with probe protector,
(accuracy), 0.2 psi [1,379 Pa] at 1-s gate time Relative bearing: ±6° ±1% for 2% < gas holdup (Hg) < 98%
(resolution) Caliper: ±0.2 in [±5.1 mm] Relative bearing: ±6°
CQG gauge: ±(1 psi [6,894 Pa] + 0.01% of reading) Caliper: ±0.25 in [±6.3 mm]
(accuracy), 0.01 psi [69 Pa] at 1-s gate time (resolution)
Temperature: ±1.8 degF [±1 degC] (accuracy),
0.01 degF [0.005 degC] (resolution)
Combinability Combinable with SCMT tool and PMIT
Special applications Exceeds NACE MR0175 standard for H₂S resistance

PS Platform Production Logging Component Measurement Specifications

FloView Tool PILS UNIGAGE Gauge
Output Water holdup, relative bearing, Fluid velocity Pressure (quartz crystal gauge)
average caliper
Logging speed Based on application Based on application Based on application
Range of measurement Caliper: 2 to 9 in [5.08 to 22.86 cm] Spinner: 0.5 to 100 rps 15 to 15,000 psi [0.1 to 103 MPa]
Accuracy Water holdup: ±5%, ±2% for Hw > 90%, – ±1 psi [6,894 Pa] ± 0.01% full scale (accuracy),
10% in oil-continuous phase ±0.01 psi [±69 MPa] (resolution)
Relative bearing: ±6°
Caliper: ±0.25 in [±6.3 mm]
Combinability Combinable with SCMT tool and PMIT Combinable with SCMT tool and PMIT Combinable with SCMT tool and PMIT
Special applications Exceeds NACE MR0175 standard Exceeds NACE MR0175 standard Exceeds NACE MR0175 standard
for H₂S resistance for H₂S resistance for H₂S resistance

Production Logging Services 199

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

RSTPro
Reservoir Saturation Tool
The RSTPro reservoir saturation tool
is compatible with the surface-readout
version of the PS Platform production
logging platform. Only the pro­­duction
logging capabilities of the RSTPro tool
are discussed in this section.
The primary use of the RSTPro tool
is formation evaluation behind casing.
The RSTPro tool provides measure-
ments of the formation capture cross
section (sigma), porosity, and carbon
and oxygen in one trip in the well-
bore. This data combination is useful
for water saturation evaluation in old
wells in which modern openhole logs
have not been run.
WFL water flow log from
the RSTPro reservoir
saturation tool
The WFL water flow log is used to locate
and evaluate axial water migration
behind pipe, measure the velocity of
water flow in both production wells
The RSTPro tool can be configured
for WFL flow measurement of both
upward and downward flow, inside
casing and behind pipe. This adapt-
ability enables the diagnosis of any
flow condition. The tool measures the
phase velocity of water. In a producing
well it measures the velocity of water
independent of other produced fluids;
however, the accuracy of the water
velocity measurement is decreased if
the ratio of the volume of water to
other produced fluids is low. The phase
velocity inside casing can be converted
to a quantitative measurement of pro-
duction or injection (i.e., barrels per
day or cubic meters per day).
Applications
■ Detection and quantification of
water flowing in cement channels
■ Identification of water flow in the
annulus between tubing and casing
■ Independent measurement

and water injection wells, and collect of water velocity in casing

critical data on internal or behind-pipe
crossflow between zones.

Measurement Specifications
RSTPro Tool for WFL Water Flow Log
Output Velocity of water flowing inside the borehole
or outside the casing
Logging speed Stationary measurements
Range of measurement 3 to 210 ft/min [0.9 to 64 m/min] for
4.9-in [12.45-cm] ID casing
Vertical resolution Depends on water velocity
Accuracy ±5%
Depth of investigation For flow behind casing: 6 in [15.24 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Combinable with additional gamma ray sensor,
PS Platform platform tools (only surface readout),
RST-C RST-D and CPLT tool
Special applications Inverted RSTPro tool measures downward flow inside
the borehole or outside the casing
H₂S service

200 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

RSTPro tool with
silica activation
The RSTPro reservoir saturation
tool with silica activation can be run
with the surface-readout version of
the PS  Platform platform to provide
infor­mation for evaluating the quality
of gravel-pack placement before
placing the well on production. The
gamma ray detectors use the nuclear
reaction response of silica to neutron
bombardment to identify the location Applications
of gravel-pack sand behind the screen.
If holes or gaps are found in the pack
■ Proper placement of gravel-pack
sand
placement, a remedy can be applied
■ Identification of holes or gaps
inexpensively during this phase of the
completion. If the gravel-pack sand was in the sand pack
not placed behind the screen to the ■ Efficient pack correction
proper height, the job can continue
until it is. A second pass of the RSTPro
tool with silica activation can then verify
proper placement for a successful job.

Measurement Specifications
RSTPro Tool with Silica Activation
Output Silica-activated gamma ray curve, images of sand placement and deficiencies
Logging speed 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
Vertical resolution �15 in [�38 cm]
Depth of investigation �10 in [�25 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Combinable with PS Platform platform (only surface readout), CPLT tool, gamma ray
Special applications H₂S service

Mechanical Specifications
RST-C RST-D
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC] 302 degF [150 degC]
With flask: 400 degF [204 degC] With flask: 400 degF [204 degC]
Pressure rating 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa]
With flask: 20,000 psi [138 MPa] With flask: 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 113⁄16 in [4.60 cm] 3 in [7.62 cm]
Borehole size—max. 9⅝ in [24.45 cm] 9⅝ in [24.45 cm]
Outside diameter 1.71 in [4.34 cm] 2.51 in [6.37 cm]
Length 23.0 ft [7.01 m] 22.2 ft [6.76 m]
Weight 101 lbm [46 kg] 208 lbm [94 kg]
Tension 10,000 lbf [44,480 N] 10,000 lbf [44,480 N]
Compression 1,000 lbf [4,450 N] 1,000 lbf [4,450 N]

Production Logging Services 201

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

CPLT
Combinable Production Logging Tool
The CPLT combinable production
logging tool provides a production
profile for a producing wellbore. The
profile includes measurements of the
flow rate, fluid density, temperature,
and in situ pressure in the wellbore.
A three-arm caliper can be included
when the CPLT toolstring is run in
open hole. Other uses of the CPLT
tool include monitoring the profile of
injection fluids into an injection well
and determining the existence of fluid
channeling behind casing.

Measurement Specifications
Output
Logging speed
Range of measurement
Vertical resolution
Accuracy
Depth of investigation
Mud type or weight limitations
Combinability
Special applications
CPLT Tool
Flow rate, fluid density, temperature, pressure, caliper
Stationary to variable based on application
Spinner: 0.5 to 100 rps
Density: 0 to 2 g/cm3
Temperature: –13 to 350 degF [–25 to 177 degC]
Pressure: 0 to 10,000 psi [0 to 69 MPa]
Caliper: 2 to 18 in [5.08 to 45.72 cm]
Spinner, temperature, pressure, and caliper:
Point of measurement
Density: 15 in [38.10 cm]
Spinner: ±0.1 rps
Density: ±0.04 g/cm3 (accuracy), 0.004 g/cm3 (resolution)
Temperature: ±1.8 degF [±1 degC] (accuracy),
0.011 degF [0.006 degC] (resolution)
Pressure: ±10 psi [±0.07 MPa] (accuracy),
0.1 psi [689 Pa] (resolution)
Borehole measurement only
None
Combinable with most production logging services
H₂S service

Mechanical Specifications
CPLT Tool
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 125⁄32-in [4.52-cm] seating nipple
Borehole size—max. 18 in [45.72 cm]
Outside diameter With Continuous Flowmeter Sonde CFS-H: 1.6875 in [4.29 cm]
With CFS-J: 2.125 in [5.40 cm]
With CFS-K: 2.875 in [7.30 cm]
Length Basic tool body: 15.2 ft [4.6 m]
Weight Basic tool body: 75 lbm [34 kg]
Tension 10,000 lbf [44,480 N]
Compression 1,000 lbf [4,450 N]

202 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 Combinable
Gamma Ray Sonde
The Combinable Gamma Ray Sonde Application
(CGRS) performs both through-tubing ■ Accurate depth correlation
and -casing gamma ray correlation.
The result is accurate posi­ tioning
of various production logging tools
on depth with openhole logs. The
CGRS is also used as a third gamma
ray detector in combination with the
RSTPro reservoir saturation tool to
detect high-velocity water movement.

Measurement Specifications
CGRS
Output Gamma ray activity
Logging speed Up to 3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Range of measurement 0 to 2,000 gAPI
Vertical resolution 12 in [30.48 cm]
Accuracy ±5%
Depth of investigation 24 in [60.96 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Combinable with CPLT tool, RSTPro tool
Special applications H₂S service

Mechanical Specifications
CGRS
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 113⁄16 in [4.60 cm]
Borehole size—max. No limit
Outside diameter 1.6875 in [4.29 cm]
Length 3.2 ft [0.97 m]
Weight 16 lbm [7 kg]
Tension 10,000 lbf [44,480 N]
Compression 1,000 lbf [4,450 N]

Production Logging Services 203

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Phase Velocity Sonde
The Phase Velocity Sonde (PVS) is a
production logging tool used in con-
junction with the RSTPro reservoir
saturation tool to measure the veloc-
ity of two separate phases (water and
oil) in a flowing horizontal or highly
deviated well. A chemical marker with
a high thermal neutron absorption
cross section (sigma) that is mis-
cible only with the phase of interest
is injected into the borehole. The
passage of the marker downstream
is detected by the borehole sigma
measurement of the RSTPro tool. The
PVS is capable of measuring upflow
or downflow depending on where it is
placed in the toolstring with respect
to the RSTPro tool. The fluid velocity
Measurement Specifications
Output
Logging speed
Range of measurement
Vertical resolution
Accuracy
Depth of investigation
Mud type or weight limitations
Combinability
204 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
is determined from the ejection-to-
detector distance and travel time.
These data are essential for determi-
nation of the volume of water, oil, or
both fluids flowing in the wellbore.
This provides a basis for determining
the flowing profile of a well at down-
hole conditions in comparison with
individual-fluid production at surface
conditions. The PVS main module can
be combined with an auxiliary mod-
ule to provide an additional chemical
marker reservoir for long jobs.
Application
■ Downhole measurement of a PVL
phase velocity log
PVS
PVL phase velocity log
Stationary
Phase velocity: 4 to 500 ft/min [1.2 to 152 m/min]
Depends on ejector–detector spacing
±5%
Borehole
Produced or injected fluids
PS Platform production services platform
(only surface readout)
Mechanical Specifications
PVS
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC]
Pressure rating 5,000, 10,000, or 15,000 psi [34, 69, or 103 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 2⅜ in [6.03 cm]†
Borehole size—max. 9 in [22.86 cm]
Outside diameter 1.6875 in [4.29 cm]
Length Main and auxiliary modules: 22.39 ft [6.82 m]
Main module: 12.9 ft [3.93 m]
Optional auxiliary module: 9.44 ft [2.88 m]
Weight Main module: 57.7 lbm [26.2 kg]
Auxiliary module: 45.5 lbm [20.6 kg]
Tension 5,000-psi [34-MPa] rating: 12,650 lbf [56,270 N]
10,000-psi [69-MPa] rating: 19,350 lbf [86,070 N]
15,000-psi [103-MPa] rating: 26,000 lbf [115,650 N]
Compression 1,000 lbf [4,450 N]
Marker fluid ejection Reservoir volume: 400 cm3 (main), 400 cm3 (auxiliary)
Ejection volume: 10 cm3 ± 1 cm3 (standard),
15 cm3 ± 1.5 cm3 (optional)
Ejection duration: 250 ms (max.)
Ejection recycle time for metering piston: �1 min
† Min. tubing size

Production Logging Services 205

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

FloView
Holdup Measurement Tool
The FloView tool is used to determine Applications
the percentage of the heavy phase, ■ Accurate water holdup
normally water, in the flow stream
■ First oil-entry detection
downhole. The tool also measures the
bubble count of the light phase, either – From bubble count
gas or oil, in the flow stream. This – Works at high water cut
measurement is used to calculate the ■ First water-entry detection for
velocity of the light phase, if in bubble water shutoff (at low water cut)
form, at the point of measurement
■ Caliper measurement
(i.e., the intrinsic velocity) and is
independent of the velocity measured ■ Differentiation of fresh and

by propeller flowmeters. injected waters

Measurement Specifications
FloView Tool
Output Bubble count, water holdup, caliper
Logging speed Stationary to variable based on application
Range of measurement Caliper: 2 to 9 in [5.08 to 22.86 cm]
Vertical resolution Point of measurement
Accuracy Water holdup (Hw): ±5% (±2% for Hw > 90%)†
Relative oil flow rate: ±20%
Depth of investigation Borehole measurement
Mud type or weight limitations Min. salinity of all wellbore fluids:
2,000 ppm at 77 degF [25 degC]
1,000 ppm at 212 degF [100 degC]
700 ppm at 302 degF [150 degC]
Combinability Gamma ray, CPLT tool
Special applications H₂S service
† Valid for bubble size greater than 0.08 in [2 mm] and deviation less than 30°

Mechanical Specifications
FloView Tool
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC]
Pressure rating DEFT-A and DEFT-AB: 15,000 psi [103 MPa]
DEFT-B: 10,000 psi [69 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 2 in [5.08 cm]
Borehole size—max. 9 in [22.86 cm]
Outside diameter 1.6875 in [4.29 cm]
Length DEFT-A and DEFT-AB: 6.75 ft [2.06 m]
DEFT-B: 6.08 ft [1.85 m]
Weight 16 lbm [7 kg]
Tension 10,000 lbf [44,480 N]
Compression 1,000 lbf [4,450 N]

206 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


The Multiple-Isotope Spectroscopy Tool
(MIST) discriminates between isotopes
that emit gamma rays to provide a clear
analysis of multistage stimulation at
the wellsite. The tool detects gamma
ray energies through 14 energy windows
that range from 180 to 3,000 keV. The
related counts and energy levels are
integrated by the wellsite computer
and used to identify the source isotope.
Isotope identification by the MIST log  is
virtually immediate. Using laboratory-
derived standard spectra, the detector
also discriminates between isotopes
in the formation and isotopes in the
wellbore.
Because the MIST tool discrim-
inates between radioisotopes, it is
used to track downhole processes that
Multiple-Isotope
Spectroscopy Tool
can be tagged with different isotopes.
An important example is formation
fracture evaluation. If the pad fluid
and each proppant stage are tagged
with different isotopes, a single wire-
line run can log both the extent of the
fracture and the degree of proppant
placement. The real-time availability
of the MIST log at the wellsite means
that the evaluation is conducted
immediately.
Applications
■ Single-pass analysis of multiple
fracture jobs
■ Background-corrected analysis
of multiple fracture jobs

Measurement Specifications
MIST
Output Elemental spectra from individual tracer isotopes
Logging speed 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
Vertical resolution 6 in [15.24 cm]
Depth of investigation 6 in [15.24 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Gamma ray, CCL, CPLT tool

Measurement Specifications
MIST-A MIST-B
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC] 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 2¾ in [6.98 cm] 3 in [7.62 cm]
Borehole size—max. 12 in [30.48 cm] 12 in [30.48 cm]
Outside diameter 1.6875 in [4.29 cm] 2 in [5.08 cm]
Length 14.3 ft [4.36 m] 14.3 ft [4.36 m]
Weight 60 lbm [27 kg] 60 lbm [27 kg]
Tension 10,000 lbf [44,480 N] 10,000 lbf [44,480 N]
Compression 1,000 lbf [4,450 N] 1,000 lbf [4,450 N]

Production Logging Services 207

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Perforating
Services and
Accessories

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 SPAN Rock
Stressed-Rock Perforating Analysis 
and Schlumberger Premium Charges
SPAN Rock* stressed-rock perforating
analysis is used to specify the optimal
gun system and charges to deliver the
best productivity from a completion.
Simple yet comprehensive modeling
guides the user down a logical path for
perforation design and the prediction
of well productivity. Input parameters
include casing, cement, and rock prop-
erties; wellbore geometry (orientation
and accommodating up to five concen-
tric casing strings); and completion
fluid characteristics. These are matched
with performance and positioning data
for the gun system and charge to predict
perforating performance. Skin can be
analyzed solely as perforation skin or as
the total skin effect.
The resulting accurate prediction of data are measured using pressure PowerJet Nova extradeep
downhole shaped charge penetration vessels to confine rock at reservoir
stress conditions. Strong to weak rocks,
penetrating shaped charges
by SPAN Rock analysis is based on
a unique model built from length sandstones and carbonates, high- and Recent stressed-rock research  has
measurements of thousands of shaped low-stress conditions, and different acquired test data at extreme values
charge perforation tunnels in stressed sizes and generations of shaped charges of rock strength for the development
rock. Whereas conventional API RP have been tested to ensure that the of PowerJet Nova* extradeep pene-
19B performance testing shoots shaped broadest possible range of conditions trating shaped charges, the deepest
charges into rock samples or concrete is quantified. penetrating charge in the industry.
at surface conditions, the SPAN Rock The PowerJet Nova  family of shaped

PowerJet Nova Shaped Charge Performance Summary

Gun Size, Shot Density, PowerJet Nova Max. Explosive Entrance Stressed-Rock Stressed-Rock Max. Diameter, in
in spf, and Charge Load, g Hole, in Penetration, Penetration
Shot in Shot in
Phasing, ° in Improvement†, %
Liquid Gas
2 6, 60 2006‡ 7.3 0.23 11.5 21.1 2.29 2.31
2.5 6, 60 2506‡ 14 0.33 13.8 25.3 2.78 –
2.88 6, 60 2906‡ 16.9 0.38 15.4 26.7 3.16 3.32
3.125 6, 60 3106‡ 25.9 0.37 16.8 25.9 3.57 –
3.375 6, 60 3406‡ 19.9 0.40 17.2 19.9 3.66 3.73
4.5 12, 135/45 4512§ 20.5 0.36 8.6 26.5 4.91 ††

4.5 5, 72 4505§ 45 0.40 13.1 41.0 4.74 ††

7 12, 135/45 4505§ 45 0.41 12.7 44.7 7.28 ††

† Improvement over previous-generation equivalent deep penetrating shaped charge

‡ Penetration in Berea sandstone with 8,200-psi uniaxial compressive strength, 5,000-psi axial and radial confining pressure, and 0-psi pore pressure
§ Penetration in Crab Orchard sandstone with 22,094-psi uniaxial compressive strength, 5,000-psi confining pressure, and 0-psi pore pressure
†† Not rated for gas

Wireline Services Catalog ■ Perforating Services and Accessories 211

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

charges is exclusively designed to pen-
etrate reservoir rock and is the first
shaped charge in the industry that has
been extensively tested in this environ-
ment. API RP 19B Section 1 perfor-
The PowerJet Omega shaped
charge is used with the PURE clean
perforations system and is available
for 2- to 7-in HSD high shot density
perforating gun systems.
Applications
■ Production or injection wells
■ Damaged formations
■ Formations requiring reservoir

mance data and stressed-rock testing stimulation

document the significant penetration
increases delivered by PowerJet Nova
shaped charges. This performance
translates into up to 50% more forma-
tion contact for more effective stimula-
tion treatments, increased drainage
contact, and greater productivity.
PowerJet Nova charges are avail-
able for the PURE* clean perforations
system for clean perforations as well
as the current wireline and TCP gun
systems, with conveyance on wireline,
slickline, TCP, coiled tubing, tractor,
and permanent completions.
PowerJet Omega deep
penetrating perforating
shaped charge
PowerJet Omega* shaped charges
increase penetration depth on average
by 20% compared with the performance
of previous-generation shaped charges.
With performance verified through API
RP 19B, this deeper penetration trans-
lates to increased well productivity or
injectivity. Because PowerJet Omega
shaped charges maintain deep pen-
etration at high shot density, more
natural fractures can be intersected.
■ Stressed rocks
PFrac Nova perforating ■ All phases: oil, water, gas
charge for optimizing
stimulation treatment
The PFrac Nova* charges are the lat-
est generation of PFrac* perforating
charges. PFrac Nova charges are ideal
for hydraulic fracturing operations in
unconventional reservoirs, improving
perforation tunnel geometry for the
subsequent application of treatments
and delivering premium penetration
in tight formations. Perforation per-
formance has been verified through
stressed-rock test shots.
PowerFlow slug-free big
hole shaped charge
PowerFlow* slug-free big hole shaped
charges are designed deliver the largest
possible area open to flow. Perforating
debris can be further limited by
employing INsidr* perforating shock
and debris reduction technology, which
restricts the charge case from breaking
when the gun is fired. This debris is too
large to exit the gun body, which is highly
practical for perforating operations in
horizontal or highly deviated wells.

212 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 Perforating Explosives

The explosives used for well perforating Temperature Rating of Explosive Systems
are designed mainly for different ranges Hollow Carrier Systems Only
of well temperatures. Cyclo­trimethylene 700 371
trinitramine (RDX) explosives are used
for standard applications, whereas 600 315
hexanitrostilbene (HNS) explosives may
500 260
be used in environments up to 500 degF SX2

[260 degC]. The temperature rating of Temperature, 400 Temperature,

HNS 204
an explosive is also dependent on the degF degC
time of exposure to that temperature. 300 149
HMX
Explosives must be selected on the
basis of the well temperature and the 200 93
RDX
expected duration of exposure.
100 37
1 10 100 1,000 10,000
Time, h 90 days
Contact your Schlumberger representative for high-temperature
and long-duration operations falling in the shaded area.
Exceeding the temperature rating leads to reduced performance
followed by burning (all explosives) and possible autodetonation
(RDX and HMX explosives).

Perforating Services and Accessories 213

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Gun Systems and Charges
Modern perforating technology has
evolved from simple holes in the cas-
ing to engineered, objective-oriented
services adapted to achieve sophisti-
cated and versatile completion designs.
Perforating is now used to optimize per-
manent completions, temporary com-
pletions such as DSTs, and workovers.
Along with services such as hydrau-
lic fracturing, sand management,
extended-reach and horizontal wells,
completion fluids engineering, and well
testing, perforating has become indis-
pensable for improving productivity.
Gun systems and charges must meet
the demand for the increased hole
size and penetration required to opti-
mize productivity. The key to improved
perforating performance is synergy
between the gun and charge designs.
Schlumberger provides a wide range
of perforating charges, gun systems,
and detonating techniques to address
a comprehensive range of applications.
Gun and charge performance in
the downhole environment is critical
to the success of well completion.
Schlumberger perforation equipment
is qualified to American Petroleum
Institute (API) Recommended Prac­
Pivot Gun tice (RP) 19B Section 1.
Capsule gun systems
Capsule guns are exposed gun systems,
with the individual charges packed into
pressure-tight capsules that are exposed
to the well environment. Capsule guns
are typically used in through-tubing
perforation applications.
The two types of capsule gun sys-
tems are expendable (the charges and
mounting assembly are left as debris
Enerjet after firing) and retrievable (debris is
left, but the mounting is recovered for
use where debris is a concern). The
latter design is also called semiex-
pendable. Some capsule gun systems
214 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
have a selectivity option that allows
shooting more than one zone per run.
Deployment is on electric wireline
cable, although some systems can also
be run on slickline.
Enerjet expendable strip
gun system
The Enerjet* expendable strip gun sys-
tem provides deep penetrating charges
in either nonphased or various phasing
configurations. The gun systems are
available as retrievable or expendable
and in sizes from 1.63 to 2.5 in [4.14 to
6.35 cm].
Pivot Gun through-tubing
perforating gun system
The high-performance Pivot Gun*
wireline through-tubing gun systems
are ideal for workover reperforating or
shooting past deep formation damage.
The running-in-hole gun diameter
is only 111⁄16 in [4.29 cm], but once
the gun is below the tubing, the
charges are rotated outward to
produce an effective gun diameter of
3.79 in [9.63 cm]. The penetration
produced by the Pivot Gun system
is deeper than that of other
similar-sized guns.
An important Pivot Gun feature is
its Safe Arming/Deployment Verifi­
cation Circuit. This circuit prevents
the gun from being armed and fired
until the charges are fully rotated
outward from the gun carrier by the
deployment head and rods. Another
key feature is that an unfired deployed
gun can be retrieved. The charges
rotate back into the carrier as the gun
enters the tubing muleshoe (wireline
reentry guide).
PowerSpiral spiral-phased waves during the detonation, which Applications
capsule perforating system reduces charge-to-charge interference ■ Through-tubing perforation
The PowerSpiral* spiral-phased and also minimizes shock waves in the
■ Deep penetration
perforating system is a retrievable wellbore. This reduction is significant
because it increases the performance ■ Rigless perforation or reperforation
capsule perforating gun designed for
through-tubing wireline operations. It of shots across the wellbore. With
is available in 111⁄16-, 21⁄8-, and 2½-in features including multiple phasing,
[4.29-, 5.40-, and 6.35-cm] sizes. The high shot density, and use of PowerJet*
technological breakthrough provided deep penetrating shaped charges,
by the PowerSpiral guns is a shock- the PowerSpiral system generates
absorbing material between the perforations capable of the highest well
charges. This material attenuates shock productivity for its size.

Capsule (Exposed) Guns Performance and Mechanical Dana Summary

Gun Size, Exposed Gun System Shot Phasing, Charge API RP 19B Section 1 Temperature Maximum Maximum Minimum Debris Fill per Charge Maximum
in Density, ° Penetration, Entrance Area Rating for Explosive Pressure Restriction, in 41⁄2-, 5-, and 7-in Gun Length,
spf in Hole, in Open 1 h, degF Load, g Rating, psi in Casing, in ft
to Flow,
in2/ft
111⁄16-in PowerPivot* 4 180 PP, HMX 28.4 0.35 – 365 22 12,000 1.78 0.85/0.48/0.33 15
111⁄16-in Retrievable Power 6 0 PE, HMX 21.6 0.2 – 365 8 20,000 1.78 0.13/0.08/0.06 50
Enerjet
111⁄16-in Biphased Retrievable 6 ±45 Ph PE, HMX 14.6 0.26 – 365 8 20,000 1.78 0.16/0.10/0.07 35
Power Enerjet
111⁄16-in PowerSpiral 7.5 45 PowerSpiral EJ, HMX 19.5 0.22 – 365 8 20,000 1.78 0.15/0.09/0.07 30
21⁄8-in PowerSpiral 6 45 PowerSpiral EJ, HMX 27.2 0.32 – 365 14.5 15,000 2.25 0.18/0.14/0.07 30
21⁄8-in Triphased Expendable 6 0, ±45 EJ BH, HMX 8.1 0.47 1.04 330 15 15,000 2.25 0.23/0.15/0.10 30
Big Hole
21⁄2-in PowerSpiral 5 45 PowerSpiral EJ, HMX 36.6 0.39 – 365 25.6 15,000 2.62 0.65/0.47/0.28 30
Notes: Every attempt has been made to verify the accuracy of the data tabulated; contact your Schlumberger representative for further information.
Other shot densities and phasings are available; Schlumberger also custom designs perforation systems to meet specific needs.
Blue type identifies API 19B Registered Perforation Systems; unofficial API data is listed for the other systems.

Perforating Services and Accessories 215

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Hollow carrier perforating
gun systems
Hollow carrier gun systems are engi-
neered systems in which the shaped
charges are housed in a pressure-tight
steel tube and are not exposed to well
fluids. For gun ODs of 2½ in and larger,
hollow carrier guns perform better than
exposed guns because they can use
larger charges (deep penetrating, big
hole, and good hole), optimized phas-
ing, and increased shot density. Hollow
carrier guns are also used when debris
is unacceptable and in hostile condi-
tions that preclude the use of exposed
guns. These guns are typically wireline
conveyed and can be fired selectively.
HSD high shot density
perforating gun system
The HSD high shot density perforating
gun system features increased shot
density, optimal phasing patterns, and
the largest high-performance charges
available for natural, stimulated, or
sand control completions. Available in
sizes ranging from 1.56 to 7 in [3.96
to 17.78 cm] for application in all
casing sizes, HSD guns use expendable,
retrievable carriers, and they run on
wireline, slickline, tubing, or coiled
tubing. Multiple guns can be aligned
with alignment intercarriers.
The high shot densities range from
4 spf for the 1.56-in gun up to 27 spf
for the 7-in guns. The helical shot pat-
tern available in all gun sizes provides
the smallest vertical spacing between
shots and optimizes the phasing
pattern for maximizing productiv-
ity and retaining casing strength.
Shot spacing can be varied on request.
Applications
■ Deep penetrating perforations
■ Big hole perforating
■ Sand control
■ Perforating for fracturing
216 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Fractal multistage stimulation
perforating system
The Fractal* perforating system reen-
gineers the conventional perforating
gun to create a fit-for-purpose modu-
lar design that significantly improves
the safety, reliability, and efficiency of
multistage perforating operations. The
Fractal system is available in multiple
gun sizes and lengths, from 1 to 5 ft [0.3
to 1.5 m] with up to 40 guns in a single
descent.
Electrically prewired at the manu-
facturing center, the Fractal perfo-
rating system requires only minimal
assembly on location. All components,
including either an RF-safe or conven-
tional initiation system, are supplied in
plug-and-play subassemblies.
Because the disposable Fractal
system incorporates pressure barriers
integrated with the electrical connec-
tions, it does not require redressable
intergun adapters—every perforat-
ing run uses new components, which
reduces rig-up height while improving
efficiency and reliability.
Applications
■ Multistage fracture stimulation
■ Coalbed methane (CBM) wells
■ Limited-entry acid stimulation
Frac Gun multistage fracture
stimulation perforating
gun system
The Frac Gun* perforating system is
engineered for slimhole casing opera-
tions in wells requiring fracture stimu-
lation. The 2-in [5.08-cm] Frac  Gun
system also has applications in com-
pletions where downhole restrictions
limit gun size, including through tub-
ing, dual completion, monobore, and
extended reach. The 3.12-in [7.93-cm]
Frac Gun system has additional appli-
cations in sand control operations and
CBM wells.
Fracture stimulation requires 60°
(or 120°) phased guns that produce a
large entrance hole size. To best execute
fracture designs, the Frac Gun system
can be loaded with either the big hole
or deep penetrating charges used with
HSD high shot density gun systems.
The guns are conveyed with wireline
or slickline. The gun intercarriers
feature a push-in connector, allowing
faster operation than comparable
systems. The plug and shoot adapter
of the 3.12‑in Frac Gun system makes
it possible to set a plug and shoot
multiple guns in the same descent.
Applications
■ Wells requiring fracture stimulation
■ 2-in Frac Gun system: completions
with downhole restrictions
■ 3.12-in Frac Gun system: sand
control operations
■ 3.12-in Frac Gun system: CBM wells
High Shot Density Perforating Systems Performance and Mechanical Data Summary
Gun Size, Shot Phasing, ° Charge API RP 19B Section 1 Weight of Loaded Maximum Diameter Maximum Diameter
in Density, Penetration, Entrance Maximum 20-ft Gun in Including Burrs, Including Burrs,
spf in Hole, in Explosive Air (without Shot in Liquid, in Shot in Gas, in
Load, g adapters), lbm
Deep Penetration Shaped Charges
1.56-in HSD 6 60 PowerJet 1606, HMX 11.3 0.17 3.5 76 1.72 1.75
2-in HSD 6 60 PowerJet Omega 2006, HMX 21.8 0.22 7.3 123 2.29 2.31
2-in HSD 6 60 PowerJet 2006, HNS 15.3 0.22 8 123 2.16 2.21
2-in HSD 6 60 PowerJet 2006, HMX 18.7 0.23 6.5 123 2.16 2.21
21⁄4-in HSD 6 60 PowerJet 2306, HMX 17.7 0.3 8.7 155 2.46 2.48
21⁄4-in HSD 6 60 PowerJet 2306, HNS 15.7 0.27 9.5 155 2.46 2.48
21⁄2-in HSD 6 60 PowerJet Omega 2506, HMX 30.6 0.32 12 171 2.78 –
21⁄2-in HSD 6 60 PowerJet 2506, HNS 16.7 0.3 13.5 174 2.66 2.75
21⁄2-in HSD 6 60 PowerJet 2506, HMX 24.4 0.31 10.5 176 2.66 2.75
27⁄8-in HSD 6 60 PowerJet Omega 2906, HMX 36.0 0.34 16 246 3.16 3.32
27⁄8-in HSD 6 60 PowerJet Omega 2906, HNS 24.3 0.31 17.6 249 3.16 3.32
27⁄8-in HSD 6 60 PowerJet 2906, HMX 25.3 0.38 15 245 2.98 3.08
27⁄8-in HSD 6 60 PowerJet 2906, HNS 21.0 0.31 19.5 239 2.96 3.08
31⁄8-in HSD 6 60 PowerJet Omega 3106, HMX 36.9 0.34 20 301 3.57 –
31⁄8-in Frac Gun 6 60 PowerJet Omega 3104, HMX 37.5 0.38 17.9 280 3.50 –
33⁄8-in HSD† 6 60 PowerJet 3406, HMX 36.5 0.37 22.7 334 3.66 –
33⁄8-in HSD† 6 60 PowerJet 3406, HNS 28.8 0.31 25 335 3.66 –
33⁄8-in OrientXact* ‡ 5 ±10 PowerJet OX 3505, HMX 37.7 0.34 22.5 564 na 3.78
31⁄2-in HSD 6 72 PowerJet Omega 3506, HMX 44.2 0.44 27 370 3.72 –
31⁄2-in HSD 6 72 PowerJet Omega 3506, HNS 33.7 0.32 28 374 3.72 –
4-in HSD 5 72 PowerJet Omega 4005, HMX 51.7 0.48 38.8 496 4.44 –
4-in HSD 5 0/180 PowerJet 4006, HMX 36.5 0.46 26.0 425 na 4.37
41⁄2-in HSD§ 5 72 PowerJet Omega 4505, HMX 59.2 0.43 38.8 504 4.74 –
41⁄2-in HSD§ 5 72 PowerJet 4505, HMX 46.4 0.47 38.6 504 4.74 –
41⁄2-in HSD§ 12 135/45 PowerJet Omega 4512, HMX 34.0 0.35 22 495 4.91 –
41⁄2-in HSD§ 12 135/45 PowerJet 4512, HMX 30.2 0.34 22 495 4.91 –
41⁄2-in OrientXact†† 4 ±10 PowerJet OX 4504, HMX 43.8 0.29 38.8 568 4.74 4.77
4.72-in HSD 5 72 PowerJet Omega 4705, HNS 44.4 0.36 38.8 606 4.95 5.16
4.72-in HSD 5 72 PowerJet 4505, HMX 48.3 0.51 38.6 606 4.95 5.16
4.72-in HSD 5 72 PowerJet 4505, HNS 34.4 0.4 38 623 4.95 5.16
4.72-in HSD 12 135/45 PowerJet 4512, HNS 22.8 0.31 22.5 610 4.99 5.16
4.72-in HSD 21 120/60 PowerJet 4521, HMX 21.0 0.32 15 665 4.93 –
7-in HSD 12 135/45 PowerJet Omega 4505, HMX 62.0 0.46 38.8 1,168 7.28 –
7-in HSD 12 135/45 PowerJet 4505, HMX 43.6 0.44 38.6 1,169 7.05 –
7-in HSD 27 120/60 PowerJet Omega 7027, HMX 35.5 0.29 20 1,110 7.05 –
Notes: Every attempt has been made to verify the accuracy of na = not available † Available in 33⁄8-, 31⁄2-, and 3.67-in perforating systems

the data tabulated; contact your Schlumberger representative Blue type identifies API 19B Registered Perforation Systems; unofficial API data ‡ Available in 31⁄2-in perforating systems
for further information. Other shot densities and phasings are is listed for the other systems. § Available in 41⁄2-, 45⁄8-, 4.72-, and 5-in perforating systems
available; Schlumberger also custom designs perforation †† Available in 4.72-in perforating systems rated for high pressure
systems to meet specific needs.

Perforating Services and Accessories 217

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Performance and Mechanical Data Summary
Gun Size, Shot Phasing, ° Charge API RP 19B Section 1 Weight of Loaded Maximum Diameter Maximum Diameter
in Density, Penetration, Entrance Maximum 20-ft Gun in Air Including Burrs, Shot Including Burrs,
spf in Hole, in Explosive (without adapters), in Liquid, in Shot in Gas, in
Load, g lbm
Good Hole Shaped Charges
2-in HSD 6 60 UltraJet* 2006, RDX 14.7 0.28 6.5 123 2.17 2.23
2-in HSD 6 60 HyperJet* 2006, RDX 9.6 0.33 6.5 122 2.16 2.21
21⁄2-in HSD 6 60 HyperJet 2506, RDX 13.1 0.43 10.5 176 2.66 2.75
27⁄8-in HSD 6 60 UltraJet 2906, HMX 22.1 0.36 15 245 2.98 3.08
27⁄8-in HSD 6 60 HyperJet 2906, RDX 15.0 0.39 15 245 2.98 3.08
31⁄8-in Frac Gun 6 60 PFrac Omega* 3106, RDX 32.7 0.40 22.5 280 3.50 –
31⁄8-in Frac Gun 6 60 PFrac 3106, RDX 24.9 0.44 22.5 280 3.50 –
31⁄8-in HSD 6 60 34JL UltraJet, HMX 24.0 0.41 22.7 286 3.57 –
31⁄8-in HSD 4 90 UltraPack* 3106, RDX 16.2 0.4 9.2 185 3.14 3.22
33⁄8-in HSD† 6 60 UltraJet 3406, HMX 31.4 0.44 22.7 335 3.66 3.7
33⁄8-in HSD† 6 60 HyperJet 3406, RDX 22.5 0.49 22.7 335 3.66 3.7
4-in HSD 4 90 UltraPack 4004, RDX 18.7 0.43 12.4 265 4.09 4.37
41⁄2-in HSD‡ 5 72 UltraJet 4505, HMX 42.6 0.46 38.3 485 4.74 –
41⁄2-in HSD‡ 5 72 HyperJet 4505, RDX 37.0 0.57 38.8 487 4.74 –
5-in HSD 8 135/45 UltraJet 5008, RDX 20.2 0.54 24 620 5.19 5.22
7-in HSD 12 135/45 UltraJet 4505, HMX 39.9 0.45 38.3 1,123 7.05 –
7-in HSD 12 135/45 HyperJet 4505, RDX 37.0 0.57 37 1,128 7.05 –
Notes: Every attempt has been made to verify the accuracy of the Blue type identifies API 19B Registered Perforation Systems; unofficial API data
data tabulated; contact your Schlumberger representative for further is listed for the other systems.
information. Other shot densities and phasings are available; Schlumberger † Available in 33⁄8-, 31⁄2-, and 3.67-in perforating systems
also custom designs perforation systems to meet specific needs. ‡ Available in 41⁄2-, 45⁄8-, and 4.72-in systems

Performance and Mechanical Data Summary

Gun Size, Shot Phasing, Charge API RP 19B Section 1 Maximum Weight of Maximum Maximum
in Density, ° Penetration, Entrance Area Open to Explosive Loaded 20-ft Gun Diameter Diameter
spf in Hole, in Flow, in /ft
2 Load, g in Air (without Including Burrs, Including Burrs,
adapters), lbm Shot in Liquid, in Shot in Gas, in
Big Entrance Hole Shaped Charges
2-in HSD 6 60 PowerFlow 2006, HMX 4.5 0.45 0.95 6.4 119 2.16 2.21
21⁄4-in HSD 6 60 PowerFlow 2306, HMX 4.8 0.52 1.27 – 149 2.46 2.48
21⁄2-in HSD 6 60 PowerFlow 2506, HMX 5.2 0.64 1.93 11.2 151 2.66 2.75
27⁄8-in HSD 6 60 38C CleanPACK*, HMX 6.6 0.7 2.31 15 231 3.09 3.2
27⁄8-in HSD 6 60 38C CleanPACK, RDX 8.4 0.62 1.18 15 231 3.09 3.2
31⁄8-in HSD 10 135/45 PowerFlow 3412, HMX 4.7 0.67 3.53 14.2 259 3.34 –
33⁄8-in HSD† 12 135/45 PowerFlow 3412, HMX 4.5 0.64 3.86 14.2 339 3.52 3.58
4-in HSD 5 120 PowerFlow 5008, RDX 6.3 0.95 3.55 30 414 4.19 –
41⁄2-in HSD 6 120 PowerFlow 5008, RDX 6 0.93 4.08 30 437 4.74 –
45⁄8-in HSD Bigshot 21* ‡ 21 120/60 PowerFlow 4621, RDX 5.9 0.83 11.3 19 555 4.82 –
45⁄8-in HSD Bigshot 21‡ 21 120/60 PowerFlow 4621, HMX 6.1 0.83 11.3 19.4 555 4.82 –
4.72-in HSD Bigshot 21‡ 21 120/60 PowerFlow 4621, RDX 5.4 0.73 8.8 19 596 na –
4.72-in HSD Bigshot 21 21 120/60 PowerFlow 4721 Zinc, RDX 5.4 0.73 8.79 19 596 4.82 –
4.72-in HP HSD§ 20 120/60 PowerFlow 4621 Extreme, HMX 5.38 0.60 5.65 18 778 4.90 –
65⁄8-in HP HSD†† 18 120/60 PowerFlow Max* 6618, HMX 7 0.94 12.5 38.8 1,606 6.94 –
65⁄8-in HP HSD††,‡‡ 18 120/60 PowerFlow Max 6618, HMX 6.2 0.86 10.5 38.8 1,606 6.94 –
65⁄8-in HP HSD 18 120/60 PowerFlow Max 6618, HMX 7.8 0.96 13 38.8 1,352 6.89 –
65⁄8-in HP HSD‡‡ 18 120/60 PowerFlow Max 6618, HMX 7.3 0.9 11.5 38.8 1,352 6.89 –
65⁄8-in HP HSD‡ 18 120/60 CleanPack Max* 6618, HMX 7.4 0.87 10.7 37.8 1,290 6.87 –
65⁄8-in HP HSD‡‡ 18 120/60 CleanPack Max 6618, HMX 6.5 0.73 7.5 37.8 1,290 6.87 –
65⁄8-in HP HSD 18 120/60 PowerFlow 6618, HMX 6.8 0.91 11.7 34 1,426 6.73 –
7-in HSD 18 120/60 PowerFlow 7018, RDX 7.4 1.15 18.7 45 1,236 7.13 –
7-in HSD 18 120/60 PowerFlow 7018, HMX 7.1 1.14 18.53 49.5 1,236 7.13 –
7-in HSD 14 140/20 58C UltraPack, RDX 12.2 0.95 9.92 61 1,234 7.27 –
7-in HSD 12 135/45 64C CleanPACK, RDX 10.1 1.13 11.41 59 1,184 7.75 –
7-in HP HSD§§ 18 120/60 PowerFlow 6618, HMX 6.0 0.66 6.16 34 1,441 7.10 –
7-in HP HSD†† 18 120/60 PowerFlow Max 6618, HMX 7.8 0.93 12.22 38.8 1,735 7.20 –
Notes: Every attempt has been made to verify the accuracy of na = not available § 7.0-in 38-lbm/ft Q125 heavy-wall casing

the data tabulated; contact your Schlumberger representative HP = high pressure †† INsidr technology for gun shock control and low-debris applications

for further information. Other shot densities and phasings Blue type identifies API 19B Registered Perforation Systems; unofficial API data ‡‡ 97⁄8-in 62.8-lbm/ft Q125 heavy-wall casing
are available; Schlumberger also custom designs perforation is listed for the other systems. §§ 101⁄8-in 79.22-lbm/ft Q125 heavy-wall casing
systems to meet specific needs. † Available in 33⁄8-, 31⁄2-, and 3.67-in perforating systems

‡ Available in 45⁄8- and 4.72-in perforating systems

218 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


The job design basis of the PURE
clean perforations system for clean
perforations minimizes or eliminates
perforation damage by optimizing the
well’s dynamic underbalance, which
is the transient underbalance that
occurs immediately after creation
of the perforation cavity. Whereas
conventional perforating design fails
to account for the dynamic period
immediately following detonation,
the PURE system incorporates
consideration of the gun design and
completion characteristics unique
to the job to achieve and control
the desired condition of dynamic
underbalance at the time the guns
fire. Dynamic underbalance cleans
perf­o­rations much more effectively
than conventional underbalanced or
overbalanced perforating methods.
The PURE system also accounts
for impacts on perforation tunnel
permeability from the time of
perforating until either injection
or production begins. The resulting
clean, permeable perforations enable
better injectivity or productivity than
in wells completed with traditional
techniques.
The PURE clean perforations sys-
tem uses the Schlumberger premier
family of PowerJet deep penetrating
shaped charge technology, including
the newest PowerJet Nova extradeep
penetrating shaped charge, which is
Perforating Services and Accessories 219
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
PURE
Clean Perforations System
the deepest penetrating charge in
the industry. Exclusively designed to
penetrate reservoir rock, PowerJet
Nova charges deliver significant pen-
etration increases that translate into
up to 50% more formation contact
than the performance of previous-
generation deep penetrating shaped
charges. The result is superior pen-
etration performance and minimized
charge debris exiting the gun.
Additional PURE system features are
independent placement of the charge,
flexible loading options, and   size range
from 2 to 7 in [5.08 to 17.78 cm].
Applications
■ Perforated completions in consoli-
dated reservoirs with permeability
greater than 0.5 mD or reservoir
pressure greater than 1,200 psi
[8,270 kPa].
■ Operational efficiency through
less underbalance required and
reduced wellbore shock
■ Potential elimination of the need
for secondary perforation cleanup
operations
PURE Clean Perforations System Mechanical Data Summary
Outside Diameter 2 in [5.08 cm] 2½ in [6.35 cm] 2⅞ in [7.30 cm] 3⅜ in [8.57 cm] 3½ in [8.89 cm] 4½ in [11.43 cm] 4½ in [11.43 cm] 7 in [17.78 cm]
Shot density 5.5 spf, 60º 5.5 spf, 60º 5.5 spf, 60º 5.5 spf, 60º 5.5 spf, 72º 11.5 spf, 135º/45º 4.5 spf, 72º 11.5 spf, 135/45º
Shot spacing 2 in 2 in 2 in 2 in 2 in 1 in 2 in 1 in
Temperature rating 400 degF [204 degC] 400 degF [204 degC] 400 degF [204 degC] 400 degF [204 degC] 400 degF [204 degC] 400 degF [204 degC] 400 degF [204 degC] 400 degF [204 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi 25,000 psi 25,000 psi 20,000 psi 25,000 psi 12,000 psi 12,000 psi 10,000 psi
Min. casing size 2⅞ in 3½ 4½ in 4½ in 5 in 6⅝ in 6⅝ in 9⅝ in
Max. diameter including burrs† 2.26 in 2.59–2.78 in 3.07 in 3.75 in 3.72 in 4.87 in 4.83 in 7.28 in
Interval missed between guns 13 in 12.5 in 12 in 12 in 12 in 12 in 12 in 12 in
Weight of loaded 20-ft gun in air 119 lbm 179 lbm 237 lbm 332 lbm 292 lbm 501 lbm 446 lbm 1,245 lbm
Max. tensile load 63,000 lbf 81,000 lbf 105,000 lbf 150,000 lbf 200,000 lbf 150,000 lbf 150,000 lbf 500,000 lbf
† Shot in liquid

PURE Clean Perforations System Performance Summary†

Gun Shot Density, spf Charge Penetration, in Entrance
Phasing, ° Hole, in
2-in PURE 5.5, 60 PowerJet 18.6 0.20
2-in PURE 5.5, 60 PowerJet Omega 21.8 0.22
2½-in PURE 5.5. 60 PowerJet 18.7 0.34
2½-in PURE 5.5, 60 PowerJet Omega 30.6 0.32
2⅞-in PURE 5.5, 60 PowerJet 25.3 0.38
2⅞-in PURE 5.5, 60 PowerJet Omega 36.0 0.34
3⅜-in PURE 5.5, 60 PowerJet 36.5 0.37
3½-in PURE 5.5, 60 PowerJet Omega 44.2 0.44
4½-in PURE 11.5, 135/45 PowerJet 30.2 0.34
4½-in PURE 11.5, 135/45 PowerJet Omega 34.0 0.35
4½-in PURE 4.5, 72 PowerJet 46.4 0.47
4½-in PURE 4.5, 72 PowerJet Omega 59.2 0.43
7-in PURE 11.5, 135/45 PowerJet 43.6 0.44
7-in PURE 11.5, 135/45 PowerJet Omega 53.2 0.43
† Unofficial API RP 43 5th edition or API 19B Section 1; area open to flow available on request, specific per job design

220 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 Detonation Systems

The majority of wireline-conveyed
perforating operations are performed
using standard detonators that employ
primary high explosives. This situation
necessitates following rigorous safety
policies and procedures to ensure that
stray electrical effects caused by radio
signals, electric arc welding operations,
or cathodic protection systems do not
accidentally set off the detonator. In
environments where it is not feasible
to eliminate all sources of interference,
detonation systems that incorporate
additional safety features are required.
Secure2 RF-safe
electronic detonator
The Secure2* RF-safe electronic deto-
nator uses exploding foil initiator (EFI)
technology to provide industry-leading
safety and reliability during perforat-
ing operations.
As the fourth generation of S.A.F.E.*
slapper-actuated firing equipment ini-
tiators, which have been in use world-
wide since 1988, this latest iteration
provides a step change in performance
reliability. The reliability of the Secure2
detonator is comparable with that of
a traditional resistor-based detona-
tor, with an efficiency of 99.82%, while
maintaining the safety benefits of a
high-power initiator. The Secure2 deto-
nator is radio frequency (RF) safe, with
certification by an independent third-
party assessor, which improves over-
all operational efficiency by allowing
radio transmitters to stay on and critical
wellsite operations, such as helicopters,
boats, cathodic protection, and welding
in appropriate locations, to continue
during the perforating operation.
No primary explosives are used within
the Secure2 detonator, which reduces
sensitivity to shock and burn detonation.
Secure2 detonators are available
for hollow carrier and exposed gun sys-
tems, plug setting, and pipe recovery
applications.
S.A.F.E. slapper-actuated
firing equipment
S.A.F.E. equipment’s detonating sys-
tem is RF safe for electric potential
differences created by RF radiation,
impressed current for cathodic protec-
tion, and welding in appropriate loca-
tions. The technology eliminates the
need to shut down radio communica-
tion and other vital rig equipment dur-
ing perforating jobs.
The EFI detonating mechanism
used in S.A.F.E. equipment has proved
resistant to stray voltages because it
requires a high current for detonation.
The S.A.F.E. equipment contains no
primary high explosives.
When shooting power is applied,
a section of metal foil is instantly
vaporized, which causes a neighboring
(secondary) high-explosives pellet to
detonate and shear a small aluminum
flyer. The flyer travels across a fluid
desensitization gap in the EFI housing
and strikes a booster that initiates the
detonation of the gun.

Wireline input EFI Electronics

Applications
■ Hollow carrier and exposed
perforating gun systems
Secondary explosive ■ Punchers
pellet ■ Plug setting
Detonating cord Booster Aluminum flyer
■ Pipe recovery

Mechanical Specifications
Temperature rating†
Pressure rating
Fluid desensitization
Combinability
Special applications
  na = not applicable
† For 1 h
Secure2 High-Temperature Secure2 Exposed Secure2 Secure2 Detonator
Detonator Detonator Detonator Igniter
340 degF [171 degC] 400 degF [204 degC] 340 degF [171 degC] 340 degF [171 degC]
na na 15,000 psi [103 MPa] na
Yes Yes No na
Hollow carrier guns, puncher, Hollow carrier guns, puncher, Exposed guns, backoff, Plug setting
cutter, severing tools cutter, colliding tools string shot
UN classification code: 1.4S UN classification code: 1.4S UN classification code: 1.4B UN classification code: 1.4S

Perforating Services and Accessories 221

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

ASFS
Addressable-Switch Firing System
The ASFS* addressable-switch firing Available for all hollow carrier per-
system is run within explosive devices. forating gun systems and explosive
The system is a series of microproces- plug-setting systems, the ASFS system
sors attached to the initiators. Digital is compatible with conventional and
communication is used to operation- Secure2 detonators. Up to 40 guns
ally check and arm the switches. Each per descent can be run to efficiently
microprocessor has a unique address perforate long intervals or multiple
Addressable arming
protection switch
to individually identify the associated stages in one trip.
explosive device.
All circuits, gun wiring, and
connections can be checked at surface Applications
with the Integrated Perforating Device ■ Selective perforating
Tester (IPDT); while running in hole, ■ Multistage perforating
checking is done with the perforation ■ Tractor-conveyed perforating
acquisition system. Positive shot
■ Pumpdown perforating
indication is achieved through the
switch requerying feature. In the case ■ Combined plug setting
of a misfire or failed pressure switch, and perforating
that explosive device can be skipped
Addressable switch over. For critical operations, backup
devices can be run as a contingency.

Mechanical Specifications
ASFS System
Temperature rating 340 degF [171 degC]

Addressable switch

Plug-and-shoot
addressable switch

222 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


Casing collar locator
The casing collar locator (CCL) is the
universal positioning device used to
correlate between cased hole services
(e.g., gamma ray–CCL to perforating–
CCL or other cased hole ser­vices that
do not necessarily require a gamma ray
for correlation). The CCL run in com-
bination with a cased hole gamma ray
establishes the link between the open-
hole gamma ray measurement and the
cased hole CCL.
The magnetic field of the perma-
nent magnets in the CCL tool becomes
distorted as the device passes a cas-
ing collar. The distortion is amplified
within the tool and sent up hole as a
Measurement Specifications
Output
Mud type or weight limitations
Combinability
Special applications
Mechanical Specifications
Temperature rating
Pressure rating
Borehole size—min.
Borehole size—max.
Outside diameter
Length
Weight
Perforating Services and Accessories 223
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Perforating Accessories
pulse that is recorded in conjunction
with the gamma ray. The dual record-
ing establishes the position of the cas-
ing collar with reference to the casing
gamma ray log to the SP or gamma ray
of an openhole log.
CCL tools are available in a wide
range of sizes and specifications to
address different casing and tubing
sizes, well pressure and temperature
conditions, and logging cables as well
as combinability with other services.
Application
■ Correlation of cased hole logs
to perforating or other cased
hole services
CCL
Casing and tubing collar location
None
Requires monocable, coaxial cable, or hepta-cable
Combinable with perforating guns of different sizes,
plug and packer setting tools, cutters, punchers,
cased hole logging tools
H₂S service
CCL
500 degF [260 degC]
25,000 psi [172 MPa]
1½ in [3.81 cm]
No limit
1.375 to 3.375 in [3.49 to 8.57 cm]
CCL-AG
1.48 to 3.5 ft [0.45 to 1.07 m]
6 to 81.5 lbm [2.7 kg to 37 kg]
 UPCT universal perforating Applications
and correlation tool ■ Gamma ray–CCL correlation
The UPCT* universal perforating and – During perforating runs for
correlation tool is a gamma ray–CCL single-trip efficiency
depth correlation tool for perforating – Through tubing
operations shooting any type of – In tubing and casing
detonator, including radio frequency–
(RF-) safe detonator systems on both – At extreme depth and
polarities (addressable switch). The temperature conditions
depth correlation provided by the
1.6875-in [4.29-cm] UPCT tool enables
precise positioning of perforating guns
and other through-tubing explosive
devices. The rugged design and robust
electronics of the UPCT tool enable
running it on the same string as the
perforating guns without requiring a
shock absorber sub.
Gamma
ray detector

Measurement Specifications
Output
Mud type or weight limitations
Combinability
Special applications
UPCT Tool
Formation gamma ray, casing and tubing collar location
None
Combinable with all detonator types and perforating
guns without requiring a shock absorber sub
H₂S service
Shock qualified to 5,000-g pyro

Mechanical Specifications
UPCT Tool
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
1-h excursion: 374 degF [190 degC]
With flask: 500 degF [260 degC]
CCL Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
With flask: 30,000 psi [207 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 1.6875-in tool: 1.82 in [4.62 cm]
Flasked 2.125-in tool: 2.25 in [5.72 cm]
Borehole size—max. No limit
Outside diameter 1.6875 in [4.29 cm]
With flask: 2.125 in [5.40 cm]
Length Without gun: 4.5 ft [1.37 m]
With flask: 5.94 ft [1.81 m]
Weight 46 lbm [20.9 kg]

UPCT

224 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

PGGT powered gun Applications
gamma tool ■ Accurate positioning of tubing-
The PGGT powered gun gamma tool conveyed perforating (TCP) guns
records naturally occurring gamma ■ Correlation of perforating guns,

rays in the formations near the
wellbore. This nuclear measurement
indicates the radioactive content
of the formations. Effective in any
environment, the PGGT tool is the
standard device for the correlation of
cased hole logs with openhole logs.
Perforating guns, tubing punchers,
plugs and packers, and core guns can
be correlated by using gamma ray, CCL,
or both techniques simultaneously.
plugs, and packers in wells without
previously recorded cased hole logs
■ Correlation of perforating guns,
plugs, and packers in wells with
uniform casing joints
■ Correlation of plugs and packers
in large casing sizes, which may
cause the CCL to be centralized
and ineffective
■ Added assurance for correlating
critical perforating or plug and
packer jobs
■ Reliable openhole gamma ray

correlation for core guns

■ Correlation services in casing

where CCL signals cannot be

detected

Measurement Specifications
PGGT Tool
Output Naturally occurring gamma ray, casing collar locator
Logging speed 1,800 ft/h [549 m/h]
Range of measurement 0 to 400 gAPI
Vertical resolution 12 in [30.48 cm]
Accuracy ±5%
Depth of investigation 24 in [60.96 cm]
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability CST chronological sample taker, casing guns,
plugs, packers
Special applications H₂S service

Mechanical Specifications
PGGT-DA PGGT-DC
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC] 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4⅜ in [11.11 cm] 4⅛ in [10.47 cm]
Borehole size—max. No limit No limit
Outside diameter 3.625 in [9.21 cm] 3.375 in [8.57 cm]
Length 5.83 ft [1.78 m] 5.83 ft [1.78 m]
Weight 97 lbm [44 kg] 97 lbm [44 kg]

Perforating Services and Accessories 225

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 WPP wireline perforating
platform
The WPP* wireline perforating platform
integrates a rugged arsenal of sensors
and actuators for optimizing well
productivity while perforating. Use of
the WPP platform maximizes flexibility
in positioning perforating guns and
enables real-time monitoring of results.
Safer, more reliable perforating results
from intelligent control of the downhole
power supply.
Oriented perforating using the WPP
platform provides single-trip convey-
ance and orientation of perforating
guns on wireline, coiled tubing, or a
tractor system through tubing into
vertical or deviated wells. The motor
system of the WPP platform rotates the
guns into firing position relative to the
preferred fracture plane to optimize
Borehole temperature and pressure
data can be acquired by the WPP plat-
form before, during, and after perforat-
ing. Interpretation of these real-time
data can provide a good indication
of the formation pressure and res-
ervoir parameters (permeability and
skin effect) to guide operations. Data
acquisition is not interrupted by deto-
nator initiation. Up to 20 guns can be
connected to the bottom of the tool
for selective firing through the use of
addressable-switch technology.
Applications
■ Hydraulic fracturing
■ Sand prevention
■ Multiple completion string
detection
■ Establishment of over- or under-

hydraulic fracturing operations. balance before perforating

The completion imaging configura- ■ Temperature survey
tion of the WPP platform is used to ■ Measurement of formation pressure
shoot through a tubing string in a buildup or drawdown
multiple completion without hitting
parallel strings. This “mapper” con-
figuration of the WPP platform detects
multiple completion strings to gen-
erate a metal-proximity profile that
guides selective shooting of multiple
guns, which provides perforation and
production access to reservoirs that
would otherwise require a costly and
time-consuming workover.

226 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
WPP Platform
Output Casing and tubing collar location, inclination or relative bearing,
orientation of perforating guns, downhole shot indication
Optional: gamma ray, borehole temperature, borehole pressure,
completion imaging
Logging speed Stationary measurement
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Combinable with telemetry system of the PS Platform production
services platform

Mechanical Specifications
WPP Platform
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC]
Pressure rating 15,000 psi [103 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 1.75 in [4.44 cm]
Borehole size—max. No limit
Outside diameter 1.6875 in [4.29 cm]
With gyroscope carrier: 1.75 in [4.44 cm]
Length Oriented perforating: 24.0 ft [7.31 m] (not including gun and gamma ray tool)
Completion mapper: 22.0 ft [6.70 m] (not including gamma ray tool)
Pressure and temperature measurement: 15.0 ft [4.57 m]
(not including gun and gamma ray tool)
Weight WPP platform: 166.3 lbm [75.4 kg]
Oriented perforating: 159.3 lbm [72.2 kg]
Completion mapper: 140.3 lbm [63.6 kg]
Pressure and temperature measurement: 85 lbm [38 kg]
Tension Perforating and imaging: 14,200 lbf [63,160 N]
Measurement: 39,000 lbf [173,480 N]

Perforating Services and Accessories 227

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 Wireline Oriented
Perforating Tool
The gyroscope-oriented Wireline
Oriented Perforating Tool (WOPT) is
used for wireline-conveyed, azimuth-
oriented perforating in near-vertical
wells. The WOPT enables perforating
the preferred facture plane (PFP),
which improves hydraulic fracture
treatments as well as assists sanding
prevention in weak but con­­solidated
formations. From the perspective of
rock mechanics, a fracture propagates
in the direction of the maximum hori-
zontal stress regardless of perforation
orientation, which causes the fracture
fluid to travel around the casing before
it flows into the direction of propaga-
tion. Perforating in the direction of the
maximum shear stress plane (i.e., the
PFP) allows the fracture fluid to flow
directly into the fracture propagation.
Measurement Specifications
Output
Logging speed
Range of measurement
Accuracy
Depth of investigation
Mud type or weight limitations
Combinability
Mechanical Specifications
Temperature rating
Pressure rating
Borehole size—min.
Borehole size—max.
Outside diameter
Length
Weight
228 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
By orienting the perforations toward
the PFP, the fracturing job needs
less breakout pressure. This results
in lower surface pressures and the
pumping fluid can be more viscous. It
also helps prevent sand production by
creating less turbulent flow along the
perforation tunnels.
Applications
■ Fracture plane perforating
■ Minimized fracture pressure
■ Minimized sand production
■ Directional cement squeeze
■ Setting whipstocks
■ Perforating adjacent well (from
relief well) for well control
■ Oriented core sampling with the
CST chronological sample taker
■ Relief well perforating
WOPT
Azimuthal perforating direction
Stationary
Indexing at 5° increments
±3°
Borehole positioning device
None
3⅛-, 3⅜-, 3½-, 3.67-, 4-, 4½-, 4.72-, and 5-in
[7.93-, 8.57-, 8.89-, 9.32-, 10.16-, 11.43-, 11.99-,
and 12.70-cm] HSD high shot density perforating
gun systems
WOPT
350 degF [177 degC]
20,000 psi [138 MPa]
4 in [10.16 cm]
No limit
3.375 in [8.57 cm]
Variable based on configuration
Variable based on configuration
 Through-Tubing Perforating
Positioning Devices
Through-tubing perforating positioning Spring Positioning Device
devices are used to position through-
The Spring Positioning Device (SPD)
tubing perforating guns below the end
forces the through-tubing gun to the
of the tubing in the casing across a
casing wall in vertical wells. The loca-
zone of interest.
tion of the spring on the opposite side
of the gun charges (zero phasing)
Magnetic Positioning maximizes the casing hole size and
formation penetration.
Device
The Magnetic Positioning Device
(MPD) has a strong permanent mag- Applications
net oriented in the same plane as the ■ Increased well productivity
zero-phased tubing gun. In a verti- ■ Maximum casing hole size
cal wellbore, the magnet positions the
■ Maximum formation penetration
gun charges to the face of the casing
wall. This position produces maximum
hole size and formation penetration.
In deviated wells the magnet posi-
tions the charges to the low side of
the wellbore to prevent orientation of
the gun to the high side of the casing. MPD
High-side (across-casing) perforating
severely restricts the hole size in the
casing and formation penetration.

Applications
■ Increased well productivity
■ Maximum casing hole size
■ Maximum formation penetration

Mechanical Specifications
MPD SPD
Temperature rating 500 degF [260 degC] 500 degF [260 degC]
Pressure rating 25,000 psi [172 MPa] 25,000 psi [172 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 113⁄16 in [4.60 cm] 113⁄16 in [4.60 cm]
Borehole size—max. No limit 7 in [17.78 cm]
Outside diameter 1.375 to 2 in [3.49 to 5.08 cm] 1.6875 to 2.875 in [4.29 to 7.30 cm]
Length 1.46 to 1.77 ft [0.44 to 0.54 m] 2.36 to 3.3 ft [0.72 to 1.00 m]
Weight 7 to 22 lbm [3 to 10 kg] 10 to 32 lbm [4.5 to 14 kg]

SPD-A

Perforating Services and Accessories 229

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Wireline Perforating Anchor Tool
The Wireline Perforating Anchor
Tool (WPAT) is used for perforating
monobore wells under very high under­
balance pressure. This method of
anchoring wireline-conveyed guns is
a practical, reliable, and economical
technique for completing monobore
wells. The WPAT makes perforating
with very high underbalance possible
by eliminating gun movement during
perforating. Higher underbalance
improves perforation cleanup, resulting
in greater well productivity.
The WPAT positively anchors
guns from below by using three
circumferentially distributed slips.
With an electrical command from the
surface, the slips are anchored in the
casing before the gun is fired. The
profile of the slips is carefully crafted
to prevent both movement when set
and damage to the tubing. After a
preprogrammed time interval, which
can be from 5 min to 1 h, the slips are
automatically released and retracted.
Mechanical Specifications
Temperature rating
Pressure rating
Casing size—max. ID
Casing size—OD
Outside diameter
Length
Weight
230 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
The tool is designed to work in
27⁄8- and 3½-in casing. The anchor-
ing mechanism withstands force to
17,000 lbf [75,620 N] in an upward or
downward direction. The high rate of
flow during perforation cleanup causes
the holding capacity to increase as the
amount of force acting on the gun
string increases. The WPAT prevents
the guns from jumping, which in turn
helps to prevent inadvertent breaking
of the wireline cable head weakpoint.
Applications
■ Underbalanced perforation
in small casing sizes
■ Memory gauges run below perfor­
ating guns for the determination
of crossflow or depletion
■ Enhanced cleanup because the
well can be flowed immediately
after perforating underbalanced
WPAT-A WPAT-B
400 degF [204 degC] 400 degF [204 degC]
10,000 psi [69 MPa] 10,000 psi [69 MPa]
2.58 in [6.55 cm] 3.04 in [7.72 cm]
2⅞ in [7.30 cm] 3.5 in [8.89 cm]
2.125 in [5.39 cm] 2.6 in [6.60 cm]
9.2 ft [2.80 m] 9.3 ft [2.83 m]
86 lbm [239 kg] 96 lbm [43 kg]
 Cutters and Colliding Tools

Cutters and colliding tools are designed ■ Burr- and flare-free cutting with
to sever downhole tubulars and chemical cutters
completion components in a variety of ■ Colliding tool for heavy drillpipe
environments. or drilling collars
The two types of cutting technolo-
gies are as follows:
■ Explosive jet cutters make precise PowerCutter precision
cuts with minimal swelling by using tubular cutter
a radial shaped charge that creates
The PowerCutter* precision tubular
a 360° high-pressure jet.
cutter employs a unique liner material
■ Chemical cutters use heat and abra-
and design to deliver industry-leading
sion generated by a chemical reac- cut quality, comparable to that of a
tion to cleanly cut tubulars. chemical cutter but without the need
Both technologies cleanly and for hazardous chemicals. Operation
efficiently cut coiled tubing, tubing, is simple, reliable, and efficient with
casing, drillpipe, and completion no anchoring required. No anchoring
components, which enables conducting reduces the likelihood of the tool
single-trip dressing and fishing becoming stuck after the cutting
operations. operation is performed.
Colliding tools use a high explosive The PowerCutter precision tubular PowerCutter
load to create a radial jet by colliding cutter is combinable with the RF-safe
two opposing ballistic shock waves. Secure2 electronic detonator for
They are specifically designed for additional operational safety and
severing heavyweight drill pipe and efficiency.
drill collars.
Cutters and colliding tools are avail- Applications
able for the entire range of downhole
tubulars. For more information, con-
■ Coiled tubing, tubing, casing, drill-
tact your Schlumberger representative. pipe, and completion components
■ Completions under compression

or tension
Applications ■ High-pressure, high-temperature
■ Coiled tubing, tubing, casing, drill- wells
pipe, and completion components

Measurement Specifications
PowerCutter Precision Tubular Cutter†
Outside diameter 1.68 in [4.29 cm] 2.125 in [5.40 cm] 2.5 in [6.35 cm] 2.75 in [6.99 cm] 3.65 in [9.27 cm] 4.15 in [10.54 cm]
Temperature rating 400 degF [204 degC] 400 degF [204 degC] 400 degF [204 degC] 400 degF [204 degC] 400 degF [204 degC] 400 degF [204 degC]
Pressure rating 18,000 psi [124 MPa] 18,000 psi [124 MPa] 18,000 psi [124 MPa] 18,000 psi [124 MPa] 18,000 psi [124 MPa] 18,000 psi [124 MPa]
Tubing size 2⅜ in 2⅞ in 3½ in 3½ in 4½ in 5½ in
Tubing weight with couplings‡ 4.0 to 4.7 lbm/ft 6.4 to 7.90 lbm/ft 9.2 to 10.3 lbm/ft 9.2 to 10.3 lbm/ft 11.6 to 12.6 lbm/ft 17.0 to 26.0 lbm/ft
Tubing swell with burr 2.82 in [7.16 cm] 3.41 in [8.66 cm] 3.90 in [9.91 cm] 3.99 in [10.13 cm] 4.94 in [12.55 cm] 5.87 in [14.91 cm]
Outside diameter before cutting 1.724 in [4.380 cm] 2.139 in [5.433 cm] 2.505 in [6.363 cm] 2.753 in [6.993 cm] 3.655 in [9.284 cm] 4.155 in [10.554 cm]
Outside diameter after cutting 1.693 in [4.300 cm] 2.068 in [5.253 cm] 2.405 in [6.109 cm] 2.657 in [6.749 cm] 3.605 in [9.157 cm] 3.810 in [9.677 cm]
Explosive type, max. weight HMX, 11.2 g HMX, 17.0 g HMX, 28.33 g HMX, 38.0 g HMX, 38.0 g HMX, 109.3 and 76 g
† Numerous other sizes are available on request
‡ Grade L80

Perforating Services and Accessories 231

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Punchers

Punchers are used to make holes in Applications

downhole tubulars to establish pressure ■ Pressure equalization between
equalization or circulation between the tubing and annulus
primary bore and the annulus, without
■ Establish circulation during
damaging the outer string.
Punchers are selected based on the stuck‑pipe operations
thickness of the target tubular and the
clearance to the outer string.
Special-application punchers, such
as chemical punchers, are also available.

Mechanical Specifications
1.56-in HSD High Shot Density Perforating Gun System Puncher
Puncher Charge 1606S Puncher 1606M Puncher 1606L Puncher 1606XL Puncher 1606XXL Puncher
Temperature rating for 1 h 500 degF [260 degC] 500 degF [260 degC] 500 degF [260 degC] 400 degF [204 degC] 400 degF [204 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Tubing size—min. 21⁄16 in 21⁄16 in 21⁄16 in 21⁄16 in 21⁄16 in
Tubing size—max. No limit No limit No limit No limit No limit
Outside diameter 1.56 in [3.96 cm] 1.56 in [3.96 cm] 1.56 in [3.96 cm] 1.56 in [3.96 cm] 1.56 in [3.96 cm]
Explosive type HNS HNS HNS HMX HMX
Wall thickness 0.19–0.375 in 0.375–0.50 in 0.500–0.58 in 0.75 in 1.0 in
[4.83–9.53 mm] [9.53–12.7 mm] [12.70–14.73 mm] [19.50 mm] [25.4 mm]
Avg. hole size 0.30–0.21 in 0.25–0.21 in 0.17–0.13 in 0.19 in 0.18 in
[7.62–5.33 mm] [6.35–5.33 mm] [4.32–3.30 mm] [4.83 mm] [4.57 mm]
Penetration depth In the outer pipe for all configurations: <0.10 in [<2.54 mm]

232 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Well Intervention
Services

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 ReSOLVE
Instrumented Wireline Intervention Service
ReSOLVE instrumented wireline inter-
vention service consists of a modu-
lar family of intervention tools that
deliver real-time monitoring, dynamic
tool control, and verified downhole
actuation to set new standards for suc-
cess in well intervention operations.
Sensors incorporated in the ReSOLVE
service tools enable the engineer to
monitor tool activity and the prog-
ress of downhole operations while
responsively controlling the tool for
optimal performance. By integrating
monitoring and control, ReSOLVE ser-
vice eliminates the reliance on esti-
mates and assumptions that is typical
with conventional “blind” intervention
methods. Conveyance is on wireline by
gravity or on tractor in highly deviated
and horizontal wells.
The four tools of the modular
ReSOLVE instrumented service are
readily assembled on the basic configu-
ration consisting of the telemetry and
control modules.
High-force linear
actuator tool
The ReSOLVE service combination of
the anchor and linear actuator mod-
ules reliably applies controlled axial
force to well components. The linear
actuator tool can be used with either
the ReSOLVE service’s universal shift-
ing tool (UST) or third-party shifting,
pulling, or other interface tools.
The anchor module opens with the
industry’s largest reach from the tool
OD to the tubing of nearly 2 in [5 cm]
diametrically. Although up to 150,000 lbf
[667,230 N] of anchoring force is pre-
cisely applied, the innovative low-stress
anchor grips minimize the impact on the
tubing while maximizing traction.
Once anchoring is confirmed to
the surface, the linear actuator can be
extended or retracted multiple times to
apply a large, controlled force of up to
45,000 lbf [200,170 N] to a specific well
component. Continuous measurements
of displacement and the applied force
validate completion of the operation.

Telemetry module Control module

Tractor Milling module

Milling Tool

Setting Tool Hydraulic module Setting module

Shifting Tool
Anchor module Linear actuator module UST

Wireline Services Catalog ■ Well Intervention Services 235

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Selective universal
shifting tool
ReSOLVE service’s UST makes mul-
tiple shifts in any direction in a single
run, whether to a single component
or multiple components in multizone
completions. The UST is paired with
the anchor and linear actuator, for
which forces and displacements are
measured to confirm that the expected
force and distance were achieved.
To engage a selected completion
component, the UST radially extends
profile keys with a specified preload
force. The extended keys remain com-
pliant to navigate well geometry. Once
the UST is latched into the profile of
the component, the anchor secures the
tool in the well, and the linear actuator
extends or retracts to shift the compo-
nent. The keys fully retract to enable the
tool to pass restrictions.
Nonexplosive setting tool
The setting tool is hydraulically powered,
providing a large force of up to 78,000 lbf
[347,000 N] for setting plugs and pack-
ers. With real-time confirmation report-
ing of the setting force applied and a
variable setting speed, the ReSOLVE ser-
vice’s setting tool is a reliable, low-risk
alternative to the conventional use of
explosives to set plugs and packers. Not
using explosives provides a significant
advantage for operations in locations
where explosives security and safety con-
cerns can complicate logistics and cause
delays. In addition, the setting tool can
be performance tested at the surface
before deployment, and radio silence is
not necessary during operations.
236 Wireline Services Catalog
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Milling tool
The ReSOLVE service’s milling tool
mills through debris and scale build-
ups, tubing restrictions, and plugs. The
TuffTRAC cased hole services tractor is
seamlessly integrated to automatically
drive the ReSOLVE system forward
and resist rotation while the milling
tool’s rotating bit engages the obstruc-
tion. Unlike for conventional uninstru-
mented milling tools, the engineer
is fully informed of the tool’s perfor-
mance status through real-time moni-
toring while dynamically controlling
the bit speed and weight on bit (WOB).
The MillOptimizer* automatic milling
system automatically adjusts the WOB to
achieve a particular torque. Bit torque is
constantly monitored and WOB adjusted
by the TuffTRAC tractor to maintain a
constant bit speed. With MillOptimizer
system’s coordinated control, the trac-
tor and milling tool operate as a single
intelligent system to maximize milling
efficiency and prevent stalling. Any bit
stalling is immediately detected by the
MillOptimizer system, which automati-
cally stops the tool, disengages the scale
by reversing the bit and the tractor, and
then resumes milling.
The milling tool uses a novel PDC
bit designed and manufactured by Lyng
Drilling, a Schlumberger company.
Optimized for maximum rate of pen-
etration (ROP) when milling hard scale
buildup, this groundbreaking mill bit
achieves the highest rate of scale vol-
ume milled within the power limits of
electric wireline.
Applications
■ Nonexplosive setting of bridge
and tubing plugs, packers, casing
patches, and cement retainers
■ High-force axial shifting
– Opening and closing of isolation
valves
– Shifting sliding sleeves
– Pulling retrievable plugs
– Fishing operations
– Replacing gas lift valves
– Safety valve lockout
■ Selective shifting with a high-
expansion universal shifting tool
– Sliding sleeves in multizone
completions
– Mechanically opening isolation
valves
– Single-run multiple shifting
– Shifting components below
restrictions
■ Milling
– Removing scale accumulation
in well tubulars
– Milling plugs
– Removing tubing restrictions
Measurement Specifications
Shifting
Output Basic ReSOLVE service configuration: wellbore pressure, wellbore temperature, head tension,
Anchor force, linear force,
anchor displacement,
linear displacement
Resolution
Wellbore temperature: 0.36 degF [0.2 degC], digital CCL: 0.02 V, head tension: 8 lbf [36 N]
Linear force: 43 lbf [191 N]
Linear displacement:
0.005 in [0.127 mm]
Anchoring diameter:
0.004 in [0.10 mm]
Anchoring force:
60 lbf [267 N]
Mud type or weight None
limitations
Special applications
Setting Milling UST
casing collar locator, head voltage, DC current, optional gamma ray
Setting force Bit torque, WOB, bit Key radial force, key
speed (rpm), relative radial position
bearing (tool orientation)
Basic ReSOLVE service configuration: Wellbore pressure: 17 psi [117 kPa],
Setting force: Bit torque: Key radial range:
50 lbf [222 N] 0.2 ft.lbf [0.27 N.m] 5 lbf [22 N]
Bit speed: 0.5 rpm Key radial position:
0.050 in [1.27 mm]
None None None
Complete range of standard
brushes, hones, and other
accessories and a full set
of bits, with custom bits
made on request

Mechanical Specifications
Shifting Setting Milling UST
Temperature rating 302 degF [150 degC] 302 degF [150 degC] 302 degF [150 degC] 302 degF [150 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
High-pressure version: High-pressure version: High-pressure version:
30,000 psi [207 MPa] 30,000 psi [207 MPa] 30,000 psi [207 MPa]
Performance limits Anchoring range: Setting range: Max. milling torque: Key opening range:
3.13–5.10 in [7.95–12.95 cm] 11.4 in [28.96 cm] 250 ft.lbf [339 N.m] 3.13–5.10 in
Anchoring range, large-pipe version: Setting force: Max. bit speed: 130 rpm [7.95–12.95 cm]
4.63–6.60 in [11.76–16.74 cm] 78,000 lbf [346,960 N] Key radial force:
Linear range: 20 in [50.8 cm] 700 lbf [133,450 N]
Linear force: 45,000 lbf [200,170 N]
Borehole size—min. 3.2 in [8.13 cm] 4 in [10.16 cm] 3.2 in [8.13 cm]† 3.2 in [8.13 cm]
Borehole size—max. 6.7 in [17.02 cm] –‡ –‡ –‡
Outside diameter 3.125 in [7.94 cm] 3.625 in [9.21 cm] 3.125 in [7.94 cm] 3.125 in [7.94 cm]
High-pressure version:
3.625 in [9.21 cm]
Large-pipe version:
4.624 in [11.75 cm]
Length 25.0 ft [7.62 m]§ 18.9 ft [5.76 m]§ 8.7 ft [2.65 m]§ 5.5 ft [1.79 m]§
Weight 489 lbm [223 kg] 423 lbm [192 kg] 441 lbm [200 kg]†† 141 lbm [64 kg]
Tension 60,000 lbf [266,890 N] 60,000 lbf [266,890 N] 60,000 lbf [266,890 N] 60,000 lbf [266,890 N]
Compression 20,000 lbf [88,960 N] 20,000 lbf [88,960 N] 20,000 lbf [88,960 N] 20,000 lbf [88,960 N]
† Based on current minimum bit size
‡ Configuration dependent
§ Complete toolstring, without a tractor or logging head
†† Minimum with two drives

Well Intervention Services 237

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Casing Packer Setting Tool

The Casing Packer Setting Tool Application

(CPST) provides a reliable method ■ Setting plugs and packers
of deploying plugs and packers in the
wellbore during completion, isolation,
or abandonment. The CPST features
■ pressure-balanced design (does

not have to overcome well pressure

when setting)
■ only one igniter, which incorporates

a safety resistor for additional safety

■ spiral pins to prevent tool preset-

ting while running in the hole

■ components coated in liquid

nitride to improve life expectancy

through greater surface hardness
and increased corrosion resistance
with no surface buildup
■ no special alignment or orientation

of components required during

assembly or disassembly
■ efficient redressing at the wellsite.

Mechanical Specifications
CPST-AA CPST-CC CPST-BC
Temperature rating 400 degF [204 degC] 450 degF [232 degC] 400 degF [204 degC]
Pressure rating 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa] 15,000 psi [103 MPa]
Casing size—min. 5 in [12.70 cm] 4½ in [11.43 cm] 3½ in [8.89 cm]
Casing size—max. 13⅜ in [33.97 cm] 5½ in [13.97 cm] 5 in [12.70 cm]
Outside diameter 3.625 in [9.21 cm] 2.75 in [6.99 cm] 2.125 in [5.40 cm]
Length 7.5 ft [2.29 m] 7.35 ft [2.24 m] 11.25 ft [3.43 m]
Weight 180 lbm [82 kg] 79.5 lbm [36 kg] 81.8 lbm [37 kg]
Bottom thread Sleeve: 3½-in Sleeve: 2½-in Sleeve: 2-in [5.08-cm]
[8.89-cm] 6 Acme [6.35-cm] 6 Acme 10 Stub Acme
Mandrel: 2-in Mandrel: 1-in Mandrel: 11⁄16-in
[5.08-cm] 6 Acme [2.54-cm] 8 UN [4.29-cm] 16 UN

238 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next


The junk basket consists of a wireline
feeler and junk catcher. It is run with
a gauge ring to determine if the casing
ID is sufficient to permit subsequent
passage of the completion string,
plugs, packers, or other tools. The junk
basket also cleans the well of junk.
The housing of the junk basket is
fluted to allow wellbore fluid to enter the
bottom of the housing and exit through
its side as the tool is run.
Mechanical Specifications
Temperature rating
Pressure rating
Casing size—min.
Casing size—max.
Outside diameter
Length
Weight
† The OD of the junk basket depends on gauge ring used.
Well Intervention Services 239
Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next
Gauge Ring and Junk Basket
The gauge ring is screwed on to Applications
the mouth of the basket. This position ■ Clear casing and tubing of debris
helps to seal the housing bottom as
the tool is pulled out of the wellbore.
■ Prevent bridge plug or packer
The ring size used depends on the sticking
casing size and whether a bridge plug ■ Drift the casing ID to ensure the
or packer is run. However, the gauge passage of tools and completion
ring OD is always chosen to be slightly equipment
larger than subsequent tool runs to
ensure that the tools will pass through
the casing.
Gauge Ring and Junk Basket
500 degF [260 degC]
25,000 psi [172 MPa]
4½ in [11.43 cm]
13⅜ in [33.97 cm]
3 to 4 in [7.62 to 10.16 cm]†
5.83 ft [1.78 m]
Variable
PosiSet
Mechanical Plugback Tool
The PosiSet* mechanical plugback
tool (MPBT) is used in rigless through-
tubing recompletions. By using a mast
or a crane, recompletions can be
accomplished without the cost of a
workover rig.
The anchored elastomeric plug of
the PosiSet MPBT is run through tub-
ing and set in casing to plug off fluid
flow in the casing below the plug. The
casing seal is similar to that produced
by a cast-iron plug, but instead of an
explosive charge, a downhole electric
motor within the MPBT Setting Unit
(MPSU) is used to contract the elas-
tomer sealing assembly to form a firm
seal against the casing wall. The expan-
sion ratio is typically 3:1. An anchoring
system keeps the tool in place while
cement is placed on top of the plug to a
height of 10 ft [3 m] or more to provide
additional differential pressure.
The plug is drillable. The small-
est plug can withstand 25,000-lbf
Plugs can be set by the PosiSet
MPBT in open hole, across perforations,
and at gravel-pack screens.
The Positive Displacement Dump
Bailer is used to place the required
cement plug on top of the PosiSet
plug. Release of a weight bar displaces
cement from the bailer sections. The
plug can be pressure tested 24 h after
the last bailer run, when the cement
is at approximately 90% of its ultimate
compressive strength. The temperature
rating of the Positive Displace­ ment
Dump Bailer is 302 degF [150 degC].
Applications
■ Seal off nonproductive zones
■ Seal off water-producing zones
below productive zones
■ Base for a sand plug
■ Low-pressure acid base plug
■ Positive depth control plug

[111,205-N] force. The largest 95⁄8-in

[24.45-cm] plug can withstand
90,000-lbf [400,340-N] force. If the
wellbore pressure at setting depth is
less than 1,000 psi [7 MPa], a special
tool is used to aid the setting process
of the plug.

240 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Mechanical Specifications
MPSU-BA MPSU-CA
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC] 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4½ in [11.43 cm] 4½ in [11.43 cm]
Borehole size—max. 7⅝ in [19.37 cm] 9⅝ in [24.45 cm]
Outside diameter 1.71 in [4.34 cm] 2.125 in [5.40 cm]
Length 20.5 ft [6.25 m] 21 ft [6.40 m]
Weight 89 lbm [40 kg] 129 lbm [58 kg]

PosiSet MPBT Plug Mechanical Specifications

4½-in Casing 5-in Casing 5½-in Casing 7-in Casing 7⅝-in Casing 9⅝-in Casing
Temperature rating 340 degF [171 degC] 340 degF [171 degC] 302 degF [150 degC] 340 degF [171 degC] 275 degF [135 degC] 275 degF [135 degC]
Differential pressure rating† 1,000 psi [7 MPa] 1,000 psi [7 MPa] 500 psi [3 MPa] 1,500 psi [10 MPa] 1,000 psi [7 MPa] 500 psi [3 MPa]
Casing size—min. ID 3½ in [8.89 cm] 4 in [10.16 cm] 4½ in [11.43 cm] 5.88 in [14.93 cm] 6½ in [16.51 cm] 8.43 in [21.41 cm]
Casing size—max. ID 4.02 in [10.21 cm] 4.52 in [11.48 cm] 5.02 in [12.75 cm] 6.53 in [16.59 cm] 7.02 in [17.83 cm] 9.01 in [22.88 cm]
Outside diameter 2.125 in [5.40 cm] 1.6875 in [4.29 cm] 1.6875 in [4.29 cm] 2.125 in [5.40 cm] 2.125 in [5.40 cm] 2.625 in [6.67 cm]
Setting time 17 min 17 min 60 min 60 min 60 min 90 min
Remarks Set using either the MPSU-BA or MPSU-CA Must be set using
the MPSU-CA
† Pressure ratings are for the plugs only. The desired differential pressure rating is achieved by placing cement (usually 10 ft [3 m]) on top of the plug.

Well Intervention Services 241

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Auxiliary
Measurements
and Devices

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 Caliper Log

Caliper devices are integral to most stan- short axis but less than the long axis. Applications
dard logging tools because measurement The four-arm caliper measures both ■ Borehole diameter
of the borehole axis is an extremely the short and long axes of the hole
■ Borehole shape
useful parameter for environmental cor- and provides a more accurate value of
rection, quantitative interpretation, and borehole volume. Single-arm calipers ■ Borehole volume
cement volume calculation. are typically part of most density ■ Environmental correction
Caliper logs are recorded from and microresistivity tools; four-arm to log output
one-, three-, four-, or six-arm devices. calipers are part of most dipmeter
If the borehole is uniform and circular, tools. The Mechanical Caliper Device
all the calipers read the same value. (MCD) is a three-arm caliper tool. The
In an elliptical hole, the single-arm six-arm Environmental Measurement
caliper generally lines up with the Sonde (EMS) caliper is described
long axis, and the three-arm caliper subsequently in this chapter.
indicates a diameter greater than the

Measurement Specifications
One-Arm Caliper MCD Three-Arm Caliper Four-Arm Caliper
Output Borehole size Borehole size Borehole size
Logging speed Depends on toolstring Depends on toolstring Depends on toolstring
Range of measurement 4 to 22 in [10.16 to 55.88 cm] 4½ to 16 in [11.43 to 40.64 cm] 4 to 22 in [10.16 to 55.88 cm]
Vertical resolution 6 in [15.24 cm] 6 in [15.24 cm] 6 in [15.24 cm]
Accuracy ±0.25 in [±0.64 cm] ±0.25 in [±0.64 cm] ±0.20 in [±0.51 cm]
Depth of investigation Borehole Borehole Borehole
Mud type or weight limitations None None None
Combinability Combinable with most tools Combinable with most tools Combinable with most tools
Special applications H₂S service H₂S service H₂S service

Mechanical Specifications
One-Arm Caliper MCD Three-Arm Caliper Four-Arm Caliper
Temperature rating† 350 degF [177 degC] 350 degF [177 degC] 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa] 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4 in [10.16 cm] 4 in [10.16 cm] 4 in [10.16 cm]
Borehole size—max.‡ 22 in [55.88 cm] 16 in [40.64 cm] 22 in [55.88 cm]
Outside diameter Depends on toolstring 3.375 in [8.57 cm] Depends on toolstring
Length Depends on toolstring 8 ft [2.44 m] Depends on toolstring
Weight Depends on toolstring 155 lbm [70 kg] Depends on toolstring
Tension Depends on toolstring 36,000 lbf [160,140 N] Depends on toolstring
Compression Depends on toolstring 9,900 lbf [44,040 N] Depends on toolstring
† Calipers rated to 500 degF [260 degC] are available for high-temperature toolstrings.
Caliper
‡ extensions are available for larger borehole sizes.

Wireline Services Catalog ■ Auxiliary Measurements and Devices 245

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Auxiliary Compression Tension Sub

The Auxiliary Compression Tension Applications

Sub (ACTS) measures the tension or
compression between the upper and
lower heads of the tool in conven-
tional wireline logging. When the log-
ging equipment is drillpipe conveyed,
ACTS monitoring of the downhole
compression force is critical for pre-
venting damage to the logging tools.
■ Measurement of downhole tension
applied to a logging toolstring
■ Measurement of compression
applied to tools during conveyance
on TLC tough logging conditions
system
■ Determination of stuck cable

or toolstring
■ Two ACTS tools in a toolstring

to determine which part of the

toolstring is stuck
■ Determination of force on the

cable head weakpoint to prevent

separation of the cable from the
cable head during cut-and-thread
operations

Measurement Specifications
ACTS
Output Tension and compression forces
Logging speed No limit
Range of measurement 22,000 lbf [97,860 N]
Accuracy ±3%
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Combinable with most tools
Special applications H₂S service

Mechanical Specifications
ACTS
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 4 in [10.16 cm]
Borehole size—max. No limit
Outside diameter 3.375 in [8.57 cm]
Length 4 ft [1.22 m]
Weight 51 lbm [23 kg]
Tension 22,000 lbf [97,860 N]
Compression 22,500 lbf [100,080 N]

246 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 Environmental Measurement Sonde

The Environmental Measurement Because the EMS is combinable

Sonde (EMS) significantly enhances
the precision of the determination of
borehole shape. Six independent caliper
measurements are made around the
borehole to determine the true ovality
of the borehole for stress analysis
studies. In addition, the EMS obtains
measurements of mud resistivity,
mud temperature, and acceleration
along the tool axis to support real-
time borehole correction of a range of
downhole measurements.
The six independent arms of
the EMS gauge the borehole cross
section with greater precision over
a wider range of hole sizes than
conventional tools can. Six accurate
with all imaging tools (including the
AIT array induction imager tool, ARI
azimuthal resistivity imager, and IPL
integrated porosity lithology service),
environmentally corrected wellsite
logs are produced without an extra
trip in the borehole.
Applications
■ Borehole geometry evaluation
■ Accurate determination of
cement volume
■ Borehole stress analysis
■ Mud resistivity measurement
■ Mud temperature and z-axis

oval-radius measurements are made, acceleration measurement

and an ovality algorithm provides ■ Environmental corrections for
detailed information on the borehole other logging tools
geometry for more representative
environmental correction of imaging
tool measurements, improved borehole
stress analysis, and more precise
cement volume estimation. The
measurement is valid even if the tool
is eccentered.
The multiple voltage monitoring
electrodes of the EMS resistivity sen-
sor provide mud resistivity measure-
ments that are both more accurate
and more robust than conventionally
acquired measurements, even under
adverse conditions. For example, good-
quality measurements can be made
with mudcake on the tool surface and
in narrow boreholes.

Auxiliary Measurements and Devices 247

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

Measurement Specifications
Output
Logging speed
Range of measurement
Vertical resolution
Accuracy
Depth of investigation
Mud type or weight limitations
Combinability
EMS
Mud resistivity, mud temperature, caliper
3,600 ft/h [1,097 m/h]
Resistivity: 0.01 to 5.0 ohm.m
Temperature: 0 to 392 degF [0 to 200 degC]
Caliper: 30 in [76.2 cm] (centered), 17 in [43.18 cm] (eccentered)
6 in [15.24 cm]
Resistivity: ±10% (from 0.02 to 0.5 ohm.m), ±7% (from 0.5 to 5 ohm.m)
Temperature: ±1.8 degF [±1 degC] [1%] (accuracy), 0.18 degF [0.1 degC] (resolution)
Caliper: ±0.1 in [±0.25 cm] (accuracy), 0.06 in [0.15 cm] (resolution)
Accelerometer: ±1.6 in/s2 [±4 cm/s2] (accuracy), 0.4 in/s2 [±1 cm/s2] (resolution)
Borehole measurement only
None
Combinable with most tools

Mechanical Specifications
EMS
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 6 in [15.24 cm]
Borehole size—max. 30 in [76.2 cm]
Outside diameter 3.375 in [8.57 cm]
Length 14.23 ft [4.34 m]
Weight 297 lbm [135 kg]
Tension 50,000 lbf [224,110 N]
Compression 11,000 lbf [48,930 N]

248 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

 FPIT
Free-Point Indicator Tool
The FPIT* free-point indicator tool Applications
uses a stretch sensor and a torque ■ Determination of the deepest free
sensor to accurately determine the point in a stuck string of pipe
free point in stuck drillpipe, drill col-
■ Backoff of stuck pipe
lars, tubing, or casing. Within the elas-
tic range of the pipe material, the free ■ Determination of pipe tally

section of the pipe deforms linearly ■ Effective operation from drillships

when the pipe is subjected to a pull and semisubmersibles and in
or torsion. The FPIT tool measures highly deviated wells
the stretch and torque over a fixed
distance to calculate the amount of
free pipe according to the theoreti-
cal deformation. The free portion is
conveniently recovered after a backoff
shot is fired inside a tool joint that
is subjected to left-hand torque. The
backoff shot can be combined with
FPIT service or performed separately
after the free point is determined.

Measurement Specifications
FPIT Tool
Output Free pipe stretch and torque
Logging speed Stationary
Range of measurement Stretch: 0.12 to 3.6 in/1,000 ft [10 to 300 USTR]
Torque: 0.02 to 0.5 rev/1,000 ft [0.02 to 0.5 c/305 m]
Vertical resolution 7.24 ft [2.21 m] (distance between anchors)
Accuracy ±10% at 350 degF [177 degC]
Depth of investigation Not applicable
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Backoff shot, casing collar locator
Special applications

Mechanical Specifications
FPIT Tool
Temperature rating FPIT-A and FPIT-D: 350 degF [177 degC]
FPIT-C: 330 degC [165 degC]
Pressure rating 25,000 psi [172 MPa]
Borehole size—min.† 1½ in [3.81 cm]
Borehole size—max.† 5 in [12.70 cm]
Outside diameter† 1.375 in [3.49 cm]
Length 13.92 ft [4.24 m]
Weight 40.75 lbm [18 kg]
† For operation in casing sizes up to 95⁄8 in [24.45 cm], the tool OD is increased to 1.875 in [4.76 cm],
for which the minimum hole size is 2 in [5.08 cm].

Auxiliary Measurements and Devices 249

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search | Next

CERT
Correlated Electromagnetic Retrieval Tool
The CERT* correlated electromag­netic The tool is available in four sizes:
retrieval tool is a wireline electro- 111⁄16, 21⁄8, 23⁄4, and 33⁄8 in [4.29, 5.40,
magnetic fishing tool that retrieves 6.99, and 8.57 cm, respectively].
metallic junk in cased or open bore- Collar locators and gamma ray devices
holes. The CERT tool is 5 times more provide depth control. Nonmagnetic
powerful than a permanent magnet of guide shoes are available for 7-, 75⁄8-,
the same size. and 95⁄8-in casings.
When the power is off, the CERT tool
is nonmagnetic and can be transported
by helicopter without causing disrup- Applications
tion of the navigational instruments. ■ Openhole metal retrieval
The power remains off until the fishing ■ Cased hole metal retrieval
depth is reached to prevent the collec- ■ Open, cased, or tubing wellbore
tion of unwanted metal and to maintain environments
a clean fishing surface. Once the CERT
tool is activated, surface meters reflect
contact with the fish and the progress
of its return the surface.

Measurement Specifications
CERT Tool
Output Surface indications of retrieval
Logging speed 4,000 ft/h [1,219 m/h]
Range of measurement Lifting capacity up to 1,000 lbf [4,450 N]
(depends on area of contact with the fish)
Depth of investigation Borehole service only
Mud type or weight limitations None
Combinability Combinable with gamma ray and CCL tools
Special applications H₂S service

Mechanical Specifications
CERT Tool
Temperature rating 350 degF [177 degC]
Pressure rating 20,000 psi [138 MPa]
Borehole size—min. 2 in [5.08 cm]
Borehole size—max. No limit
Outside diameter† 111⁄16, 2⅛, 2¾, and 3⅜ in [4.29, 5.40, 6.99,
and 8.57 cm]
Length 2.5 ft [0.76 m]
Weight 50 lbm [22.7 kg]
† Ultimate tool size depends on the appropriate gauge rings for the hole size.

250 Wireline Services Catalog

Back | Main Menu | Contents | Search