SCIENCE 1 (INTRO TO SCIENCE, INTEGRATED AND EARTH SCIENCE)

NOTES

Branches of Science
1. Social Sciences: human behaviour and societies (Economics, Ethics)
2. Formal Sciences: formal and abstract structures (Math, Logic)
3. Natural Sciences: natural phenomena based on observational and empirical
evidence
 Life/Biological Sciences: study of living organisms
 Physical Sciences: study of non-living systems

Matter and Energy

 Matter: any physical object that occupies space and has mass
o Physical Properties: without change of composition of the substance
o Chemical Properties: describes how it reacts when combined with other
substances
o Physical Changes: alters ONLY the physical properties
o Chemical Changes: alters the chemical properties, caused by chemical
reactions
o Nuclear Changes: alters identity of involved atoms caused by a
nuclear reaction
 Nuclear fusion: two or more nuclei collide
 Nuclear fission: nucleus splits into smaller nuclei
o Intrinsic (Intensive) Properties: not affected by its amount of form
o Extrinsic (Extensive) Properties: dependent amount of form
 Mass: amount of substance
 Weight: force of gravity (Newton)
o 1/6 weight on earth = weight on moon
 Volume: amount of 3D space an object occupies
 Density: ratio of an object’s mass to its volume
 Work: force causes an object to move to a different position
o Force x Displacement