JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Arduino Controller Automatic College Bell

System
Ms. Khedekar Kavita dilip, Ms. Rinku Chavan, AISSMS IOIT, PUNE, SPPU

khedekarkavita9@gmail.com

chavanrinku1@gmail.com

Abstract: Traditionally college or school bells were operated by human beings. As automation is
increased in every sector here design of automatic college bell system is being presented. The main aim of
this project is to implement automatic college bell system using Arduino UNO. The main task of this
system is to ring the bell at predetermined time with accuracy and without any human intervention. It
uses RTC(DS1307) to track the real time. Arduino keeps control on all functions through program and it
gets time through keypad and stores it in memory.LCD display is used to show date and timings. When
this programmed time is equals to real time then the bell is switched on through relay for predetermined
time. There is provision to change the bell ringing time so that it can be reused again and again.

Keywords: Arduino UNO, RTC, keypad, LCD, automation

1] INTRODUCTION

Now a day college bells are operated manually. In some industries and some businesses bell plays an
important role throughout the day.As the function of bell is related with time there is need to ring the bell at
required time and with accuracy. So one employ is engaged to ring the bell at require time. This design of
automatic college bell system takes over the task of ringing the bell at predetermined time. It saves manpower,
time and ultimately money and also gives highest accuracy.

The main components of this system are RTC, Arduino board, keypad, display, relay, power supply
and bell. It has a RTC which tracks over display, when this time equals to program time then the relay is
switched on and bell rings. Required power supply is given through power supply unit. Time is given through
keypad and real time is displayed on LCD. Arduino keeps control on function of system.

2] HARDWARE MODULES

Block diagram: As shown in block diagram, Arduino takes input from power supply, RTC(DS1307), Keypad
and according to input gives output to display unit and relay. And then according to output of relay bell will
operate.

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JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Fig.no.1: Block diagram

2.1] Arduino UNO:

Arduino is open source platform. For this project use of other microcontrollers is possible but as a
beginner arduino is best option. Arduino UNO is microcontroller development board based on the microchip
ATmega328P microcontroller. Arduino Uno comes pre-programmed with a boot loader that allows uploading
new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer Arduino UNO has 14 digital input/output
pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs)and 6 analog input pins, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button and programmable with IDE(Integrated
Development Environment) through a type B USB cable. 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as
PWM outputs. It can be powered by an USB cable or power supply of 9volt.

2.2] Relay:

Generally used relays are made up of electromagnets. Relays are used generally used as switch. Relay
is a switch which control circuits electromechanically. The main task of the relay is to make or break the contact
with the help of input signal without any human intervention. The relay is designed using mechanical parts like
electromagnet, a movable armature, contacts, yoke, and a spring.etc. Relay has three terminals normally open,
normally closed, common. When input signal is low or no voltage is applied to core it cannot generate any
magnetic field and doesn’t act as magnet. So it cannot attract the movable armature. When input signal is high
or voltage is applied to core it acts as electromagnet and attracts the movable armature towards normally open
terminal in order to make or break the circuit.

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JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: 1076-5131

Fig.no.2: SPDT relay working

2.3] RTC (DS1307):

The DS1307 is full binary coded decimal (BCD) clock/calendar. It requires low power. It has 56-byte
nonvolatile RAM for data storage with battery backup. Clock/calendar provides seconds, minutes, hours, day,
date, month, and year information.RTC is a 8 pin IC which counts seconds, minutes, hours, date of the month,
month, day of the week, and year with a leap year. The date at the end of month is adjusted automatically
including corrections for leap year. When power supply becomes off, it automatically switches to battery
supply.

Fig.no3: Pin diagram of RTC

2.4] Display:

Here 16*2 LCD module is used. It is used to display day, date, real time, alarm time and some
instructions. The time is displayed in the HH:MM format. LCD is the example for the parallel port. It doesn’t
use the Bi-directional feature found on newer ports. LCD modules are quite simple to work as all the logic
required to run them is on board. The 10k Potentiometer controls the contrast of the LCD panel. The power
supply can be set to 9v or on onboard +9v regulator. But Arduino board has limited no. of I/O ports. So there is
need to connect LCD display using I2C driver. After connecting I2C driver to LCD display, I2C driver is
interfaced with Arduino using comparatively less ports. So other ports can be used for interfacing of other
components with Arduino board.

2.5] Keypad:
Keypad is set of buttons which include digits, special symbols, set of alphabets, etc. Here 4X4 keypad
is used which contains 0 to 9 digits, alphabets-A,B,C,D and symbols- *,#. If keypad mostly contains numbers
then it is called a numeric keypad. Keypad has 8 pins out which 4 pins are used as outputs and 4 pins are used as
inputs. For proper working of keypad pull down resistors should be placed on microcontroller’s input pins. By
defining logic gates when input is pressed output pins are set to logic one and input pins logic state is read.
Table no.1: Keypad inputs and readings
Columns/ Rows 0111 1011 1101 1110

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JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: 1076-5131

0111 1 2 3 A
1011 4 5 6 B
1101 7 8 9 C
1110 * 0 # D

When the real time and alarm time becomes equal, the alarm unit is invoked. It consists of a relay and a
buzzer. When the time becomes equal, the relay is switched and buzzer sounds.

Arduino board can be powered by an USB cable of 5 volt or power supply of +9volt dc. +12 volt dc
supply is required by relay. 230 volt ac supply is transformed to 16 volt ac using step down transformer. A
circuit using diodes converts ac supply into dc supply. Capacitors are used to remove repulse
IC LM7809 and IC LM7812 are used to get required 9 volt dc and 12 volt dc

Fig.no.4b: Rectification circuit for 12volt

3] WORKING

Fig.no.5b: Simulation of Arduino, RTC & keypad

From the block diagram and above circuit diagrams, circuitry involved in the design of this system can
be obtained. Arduino UNO board is used for controlling all the functions in the system. Once the time is set
through keypad, then at the time when set time is equals to time in the RTC, the input to relay gets high and the
bell rings. The bell rings continuously for a fixed time. The microcontroller used is ATMEGA328 which is the

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JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations ISSN NO: 1076-5131

master device.The output value from the microcontroller pins are displayed in the 16X2 LCD display, which
gets automatically updated.Microcontroller serially communicates with the RTC (DS1307), which is the slave
device and counts every second once enabled.

4] FUTURE SCOPE
It can be made password protected so that no unintended person can operate this system except for the
operator. I can also be made by using GSM. Through GSM RTC can be controlled and timings can be edited.
Automatic college bell system can be made with announcement. So lot of advancements can be done with
system.
5] CONCLUSION
Traditionally college or school bells were operated by human beings. So we have presented this design
of automatic college bell system which saves time, manpower and ultimately money. This design rings at
prescribed interval automatically with highest accuracy. The variation in timing is also applicable and is used in
circuit. The timing of the bell can be varied using the keypad supplied with it. The time is displayed in the LCD
screen.

REFERENCES

— Sheenu Choudhary, Shrikant and Priyanka Sharma, “Automatic college bell system”, IJSRM, volume 2
issue 3 march 2014.
— SwetaButoliya, Nupur shw, SnehalGirhepunje, “Microcontroller based automatic college bell with
monitor system”, IJARCET, volume-4, issue 2, February 2015.
— Burgoji Santosh Kumar, “Implementation of automatic college bell system using Aurdino”, Anurag
group of discussion, India, volume-5, issue-4, 2008.
— Rajesh Megalingam, Venkat Balasubrhmanyam, Mithun M. Nair, “Power aware automatic
microcontroller based smart, college electric bell system with time display”, 2009 IEEE.
— Wilkinson, B. and Makki, R., “Digital System Design”, Prentice Hall, International (UK) Ltd.,1992.

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